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Ahmed RK, Abdalrahman T, Davies NH, Vermolen F, Franz T. Mathematical model of mechano-sensing and mechanically induced collective motility of cells on planar elastic substrates. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:809-824. [PMID: 36814004 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells mechanically interact with their environment to sense, for example, topography, elasticity and mechanical cues from other cells. Mechano-sensing has profound effects on cellular behaviour, including motility. The current study aims to develop a mathematical model of cellular mechano-sensing on planar elastic substrates and demonstrate the model's predictive capabilities for the motility of individual cells in a colony. In the model, a cell is assumed to transmit an adhesion force, derived from a dynamic focal adhesion integrin density, that locally deforms a substrate, and to sense substrate deformation originating from neighbouring cells. The substrate deformation from multiple cells is expressed as total strain energy density with a spatially varying gradient. The magnitude and direction of the gradient at the cell location define the cell motion. Cell-substrate friction, partial motion randomness, and cell death and division are included. The substrate deformation by a single cell and the motility of two cells are presented for several substrate elasticities and thicknesses. The collective motility of 25 cells on a uniform substrate mimicking the closure of a circular wound of 200 µm is predicted for deterministic and random motion. Cell motility on substrates with varying elasticity and thickness is explored for four cells and 15 cells, the latter again mimicking wound closure. Wound closure by 45 cells is used to demonstrate the simulation of cell death and division during migration. The mathematical model can adequately simulate the mechanically induced collective cell motility on planar elastic substrates. The model is suitable for extension to other cell and substrates shapes and the inclusion of chemotactic cues, offering the potential to complement in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham K Ahmed
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
| | - Tamer Abdalrahman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Computational Mechanobiology, Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neil H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Fred Vermolen
- Computational Mathematics Group, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Park KE, Lee SH, Bae SI, Hwang Y, Ok SH, Ahn SH, Sim G, Chung S, Sohn JT. Lipid Emulsion Inhibits Amlodipine-Induced Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation in Isolated Rat Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8741. [PMID: 37240087 PMCID: PMC10218685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of lipid emulsion on the vasodilation induced by a toxic dose of amlodipine in isolated rat aorta and elucidate its mechanism, with a particular focus on nitric oxide. The effects of endothelial denudation, NW-nitro-L-arginvine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, lipid emulsion, and linolenic acid on the amlodipine-induced vasodilation and amlodipine-induced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production were examined. Furthermore, the effects of lipid emulsion, amlodipine, and PP2, either alone or combined, on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), caveolin-1, and Src-kinase phosphorylation were examined. Amlodipine-induced vasodilation was higher in endothelium-intact aorta than in endothelium-denuded aorta. L-NAME, methylene blue, lipid emulsion, and linolenic acid inhibited amlodipine-induced vasodilation and amlodipine-induced cGMP production in the endothelium-intact aorta. Lipid emulsion reversed the increased stimulatory eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and decreased inhibitory eNOS (Thr495) phosphorylation induced via amlodipine. PP2 inhibited stimulatory eNOS, caveolin-1, and Src-kinase phosphorylation induced via amlodipine. Lipid emulsion inhibited amlodipine-induced endothelial intracellular calcium increase. These results suggest that lipid emulsion attenuated the vasodilation induced via amlodipine through inhibiting nitric oxide release in isolated rat aorta, which seems to be mediated via reversal of stimulatory eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and inhibitory eNOS (Thr495) dephosphorylation, which are also induced via amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Eon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.-H.O.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Yeran Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.-H.O.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyujin Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonghee Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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103
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Yang J, Wang YYL, Kazmi SSUH, Mo J, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang Z. Evaluation of in vitro toxicity information for zebrafish as a promising alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162262. [PMID: 36801337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are widely proposed as a test alternative to traditional in vivo standard acute and chronic toxicity tests. However, whether toxicity information derived from in vitro assays instead of in vivo tests could provide sufficient protection (e.g., 95 % of protection) for chemical risks remain evaluated. To investigate the feasibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell-based in vitro test method as a test alternative, we comprehensively compared sensitivity differences among endpoints, among test methods (in vitro, FET and in vivo), and between zebrafish and rat (Rattus norvegicus), respectively using chemical toxicity distribution (CTD) approach. For each test method involved, sublethal endpoints were more sensitive than lethal endpoints for both zebrafish and rat, respectively. Biochemistry (zebrafish in vitro), development (zebrafish in vivo and FET), physiology (rat in vitro) and development (rat in vivo) were the most sensitive endpoints for each test method. Nonetheless, zebrafish FET test was the least sensitive one compared to its in vivo and in vitro tests for either lethal or sublethal responses. Comparatively, rat in vitro tests considering cell viability and physiology endpoints were more sensitive than rat in vivo test. Zebrafish was found to be more sensitive than rat regardless of in vivo or in vitro tests for each pairwise endpoint of concern. Those findings indicate that zebrafish in vitro test is a feasible test alternative to zebrafish in vivo and FET test and traditional mammalian test. It is suggesting that zebrafish in vitro test can be optimized by choosing more sensitive endpoints, such as biochemistry to provide sufficient protection for zebrafish in vivo test and to establish applications of zebrafish in vitro test in future risk assessment. Our findings are vital for evaluating and further application of in vitro toxicity toxicity information as an alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yolina Yu Lin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hailin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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104
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Tanniche I, Nazem-Bokaee H, Scherr DM, Schlemmer S, Senger RS. A novel synthetic sRNA promoting protein overexpression in cell-free systems. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3324. [PMID: 36651906 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression have been engineered for uses in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Here, we designed a novel non-Hfq-dependent sRNA scaffold that uses a modifiable 20 nucleotide antisense binding region to target mRNAs selectively and influence protein expression. The system was developed for regulation of a fluorescent reporter in vivo using Escherichia coli, but the system was found to be more responsive and produced statistically significant results when applied to protein synthesis using in vitro cell-free systems (CFS). Antisense binding sequences were designed to target not only translation initiation regions but various secondary structures in the reporter mRNA. Targeting a high-energy stem loop structure and the 3' end of mRNA yielded protein expression knock-downs that approached 70%. Notably, targeting a low-energy stem structure near a potential RNase E binding site led to a statistically significant 65% increase in protein expression (p < 0.05). These results were not obtainable in vivo, and the underlying mechanism was translated from the reporter system to achieve better than 75% increase in recombinant diaphorase expression in a CFS. It is possible the designs developed here can be applied to improve/regulate expression of other proteins in a CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tanniche
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- School of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Hadi Nazem-Bokaee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Science & Innovation Park, Canberra, Australia
| | - David M Scherr
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Schlemmer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan S Senger
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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105
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Li L, Mou X, Xie H, Zhang A, Li J, Wang R, Seid A, Tang LY, Wang L, Leung PC, Spielmann H, Wang CC, Fan X. In vitro tests to evaluate embryotoxicity and irritation of Chinese herbal medicine (Pentaherbs formulation) for atopic dermatitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116149. [PMID: 36632857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder and its prevalence is increasing in the last few decades. No treatment can cure the condition. Pregnancy often worsens the clinical manifestation. There are considerable interests in Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) as an alternative treatment for AD. A well tolerated CHM formula (Pentaherbs formulation, PHF) has been proven efficacious in improving life quality and reducing topical corticosteroid use in children with moderate-to-severe AD. However, safety data of PHF are not available. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to evaluate the safety of PHF and its 5 individual herbal extracts, including embryotoxicity by Embryonic Stem Cell Test (EST) and irritation by Skin Irritation Test (SIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Quality of 5 herbal extracts of PHF was confirmed by chromatography. In EST, mouse embryonic stem cell line (D3) and mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3) were used to study potential embryotoxicity. Three endpoints were assessed by concentration-response curves after 10 days' culture: 50% inhibition of D3 differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes (ID50D3), 50% cytotoxic effects on D3 (IC50D3) and on fibroblasts (IC503T3). A biostatistically based prediction model (PM) was applied to predict the embryotoxic potentials of each CHM. In SIT, epidermis equivalent commercially available kits (EpiDerm™) were used, and concentration-viability curves were obtained by MTT assay to detect skin irritations of each CHM. RESULTS Chemical authentication confirmed that 5 test herbal extracts contained their main active compounds. EST results indicated that the formula PHF and its individual CHMs were non-embryotoxic, except one CHM, Amur Corktree Bark (Huang Bai, Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid), was weakly embryotoxic. SIT results showed that cell viability was above 50% after treatment with different concentrations of all tested CHMs. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro tests provided preliminary evidence for safety of the formula PHF in embryonic stem cell test and skin irritation model, but PHF shall be cautiously used in pregnant women with AD. Further studies are needed to support its clinical application as an alternative treatment for AD, especially to the patients who plan for pregnancy or at lactation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Reproductive Medicine Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
| | - Xuan Mou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hongliang Xie
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Aolin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Junwei Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Rongyun Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - André Seid
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ling Yin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Reproductive Medicine Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
| | - Ling Wang
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
| | - Horst Spielmann
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Reproductive Medicine Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
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Crouzet T, Grignard E, Brion F, Blanc EB, Podechard N, Langouet S, Alonso-Magdalena P, Hubert P, Kim MJ, Audouze K. ReadEDTest: A tool to assess the readiness of in vitro test methods under development for identifying endocrine disruptors. Environ Int 2023; 174:107910. [PMID: 37028267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that endocrine disruptors (EDs), known to affect the reproductive system, may also disturb other hormone-regulated functions leading to cancers, neurodevelopmental defects, metabolic and immune diseases. To reduce exposure to EDs and limit their health effects, development of screening and mechanism-based assays to identify EDs is encouraged. Nevertheless, the crucial validation step of test methods by regulatory bodies is a time- and resource-consuming process. One of the main raisons of this long duration process is that method developers, mainly researchers, are not fully aware of the regulatory needs to validate a test. We propose an online self-assessment questionnaire (SAQ) called ReadEDTest easy to be used by all researchers. The aim of ReadEDTest is to speed up the validation process by assessing readiness criteria of in vitro and fish embryo ED test methods under development. The SAQ is divided into 7 sections and 13 sub-sections containing essential information requested by the validating bodies. The readiness of the tests can be assessed by specific score limits for each sub-section. Results are displayed via a graphical representation to help identification of the sub-sections having sufficient or insufficient information. The relevance of the proposed innovative tool was supported using two test methods already validated by the OECD and four under development test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Crouzet
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - François Brion
- INERIS, Ecotoxicologie des substances et des milieux (ESMI), UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | | | - Min Ji Kim
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France.
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107
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Gryson L, Meaume S, Feldkaemper I, Favalli F. Anti-biofilm Activity of Povidone-Iodine and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide: Evidence from In Vitro Tests. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:161. [PMID: 37004626 PMCID: PMC10067645 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm in chronic wounds is associated with delayed healing and ineffective local treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-biofilm activity of two commonly used antimicrobials, povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The rate of anti-biofilm activity of PVP-I, PHMB, and phosphate-buffered saline (negative control) was assessed on monomicrobial biofilms of varying maturity and composition. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined by counting colony-forming units (CFU). Live/dead cell staining and time-lapse confocal microscopy were also performed. Both PVP-I and PHMB demonstrated robust in vitro anti-biofilm activity against all tested biofilms; however, PVP-I had a more rapid action versus PHMB against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms, as determined by both CFU counts and microscopy. PVP-I completely eradicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms of 3- and 5-day maturity (in ≤0.5 h) and 7-day maturity (in ≤3 h), while PHMB only partially depleted cell density, with no complete biofilm eradication even after 24 h. In conclusion, PVP-I had a similar in vitro anti-biofilm activity to PHMB against biofilms of varying microbial compositions and maturity, and in some cases demonstrated more potent and rapid activity versus PHMB. PVP-I may be particularly effective in treating MRSA biofilms. However, further high-quality clinical research on the efficacy of antimicrobials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Gryson
- Belgian Defence, Medical Component, Brussels, Belgium.
- ZoWe Nursing School, Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Sylvie Meaume
- Department of Geriatrics and Wound Care Unit, Hospital Rothschild, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ina Feldkaemper
- Meda Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, a Viatris Company, Bad Homburg, Germany
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108
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Elling-Staats ML, Kies AK, Cone JW, Pellikaan WF, Kwakkel RP. An in vitro model for caecal proteolytic fermentation potential of ingredients in broilers. Animal 2023; 17:100768. [PMID: 37011455 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of protein in the caeca of chickens may lead to the production of potentially detrimental metabolites, which can reduce gut health. A poor precaecal digestion is expected to increase protein fermentation (PF), as more proteins are likely to enter the caeca. It is unknown if the undigested protein that enters the caeca differs in fermentability depending on their ingredient source. In order to predict which feed ingredients increase the risk of PF, an in vitro procedure was developed, which simulates the gastric and enteric digestion, subsequent caecal fermentation. After digestion, amino acids and peptides smaller than 3.5 kD in the soluble fraction were removed by means of dialysis. These amino acids and peptides are assumed to be hydrolysed and absorbed in the small intestine of poultry and therefore not used in the fermentation assay. The remaining soluble and fine digesta fractions were inoculated with caecal microbes. In chicken, the soluble and fine fractions enter the caeca, to be fermented, while insoluble and coarse fractions bypass them. The inoculum was made N-free to ensure bacteria would require the N from the digesta fractions for their growth and activity. The gas production (GP) from the inoculum, therefore, reflected the ability of bacteria to use N from substrates and was an indirect measure for PF. The Maximum GP rate of ingredients averaged 21.3 ± 0.9 ml/h (mean ± SEM) and was in some cases more rapid than the positive control (urea, maximum GP rate = 16.5 ml/h). Only small differences in GP kinetics were found between protein ingredients. Branched-chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations in the fermentation fluid after 24 hours showed no differences between ingredients. Results indicate that solubilised undigested proteins larger than 3.5 kD are rapidly fermented independent of its source when an equal amount of N is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Elling-Staats
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A K Kies
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health - EMEA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - J W Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W F Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R P Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Davidson IF, Barth R, Zaczek M, van der Torre J, Tang W, Nagasaka K, Janissen R, Kerssemakers J, Wutz G, Dekker C, Peters JM. CTCF is a DNA-tension-dependent barrier to cohesin-mediated loop extrusion. Nature 2023; 616:822-827. [PMID: 37076620 PMCID: PMC10132984 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, genomic DNA is extruded into loops by cohesin1. By restraining this process, the DNA-binding protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) generates topologically associating domains (TADs)2,3 that have important roles in gene regulation and recombination during development and disease1,4-7. How CTCF establishes TAD boundaries and to what extent these are permeable to cohesin is unclear8. Here, to address these questions, we visualize interactions of single CTCF and cohesin molecules on DNA in vitro. We show that CTCF is sufficient to block diffusing cohesin, possibly reflecting how cohesive cohesin accumulates at TAD boundaries, and is also sufficient to block loop-extruding cohesin, reflecting how CTCF establishes TAD boundaries. CTCF functions asymmetrically, as predicted; however, CTCF is dependent on DNA tension. Moreover, CTCF regulates cohesin's loop-extrusion activity by changing its direction and by inducing loop shrinkage. Our data indicate that CTCF is not, as previously assumed, simply a barrier to cohesin-mediated loop extrusion but is an active regulator of this process, whereby the permeability of TAD boundaries can be modulated by DNA tension. These results reveal mechanistic principles of how CTCF controls loop extrusion and genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain F Davidson
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Barth
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Maciej Zaczek
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaco van der Torre
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Wen Tang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kota Nagasaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Janissen
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jacob Kerssemakers
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gordana Wutz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Jan-Michael Peters
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
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110
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Qin W, Qi X, Xie Y, Wang H, Wu S, Sun MA, Bao W. LncRNA446 Regulates Tight Junctions by Inhibiting the Ubiquitinated Degradation of Alix after Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0188422. [PMID: 36790206 PMCID: PMC10062151 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01884-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease, caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which causes huge economic losses. Tight junction-associated proteins play an important role during virus infection; therefore, maintaining their integrity may be a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of PEDV. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in numerous cellular functional activities, yet whether and how they regulate the intestinal barrier against viral infection remains to be elucidated. Here, we established a standard system for evaluating intestinal barrier integrity and then determined the differentially expressed lncRNAs between PEDV-infected and healthy piglets by lncRNA-seq. A total of 111 differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened, and lncRNA446 was identified due to significantly higher expression after PEDV infection. Using IPEC-J2 cells and intestinal organoids as in vitro models, we demonstrated that knockdown of lncRNA446 resulted in increased replication of PEDV, with further damage to intestinal permeability and tight junctions. Mechanistically, RNA pulldown and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay showed that lncRNA446 directly binds to ALG-2-interacting protein X (Alix), and lncRNA446 inhibits ubiquitinated degradation of Alix mediated by TRIM25. Furthermore, Alix could bind to ZO1 and occludin and restore the expression level of the PEDV M gene and TJ proteins after lncRNA446 knockdown. Additionally, Alix knockdown and overexpression affects PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that lncRNA446, by inhibiting the ubiquitinated degradation of Alix after PEDV infection, is involved in tight junction regulation. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of intestinal barrier resistance and damage repair triggered by coronavirus. IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea is an acute, highly contagious enteric viral disease severely affecting the pig industry, for which current vaccines are inefficient due to the high variability of PEDV. Because PEDV infection can lead to severe injury of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which is the first line of defense, a better understanding of the related mechanisms may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PED. Here, we demonstrate that the lncRNA446 directly binds one core component of the actomyosin-tight junction complex named Alix and inhibits its ubiquitinated degradation. Functionally, the lncRNA446/Alix axis can regulate the integrity of tight junctions and potentially repair intestinal barrier injury after PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-an Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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111
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McCollum C, Courtney CM, O’Connor NJ, Aunins TR, Jordan TX, Rogers KL, Brindley S, Brown JM, Nagpal P, Chatterjee A. Safety and Biodistribution of Nanoligomers Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Genome for the Treatment of COVID-19. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1656-1671. [PMID: 36853144 PMCID: PMC10000012 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
As the world braces to enter its fourth year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for accessible and effective antiviral therapeutics continues to be felt globally. The recent surge of Omicron variant cases has demonstrated that vaccination and prevention alone cannot quell the spread of highly transmissible variants. A safe and nontoxic therapeutic with an adaptable design to respond to the emergence of new variants is critical for transitioning to the treatment of COVID-19 as an endemic disease. Here, we present a novel compound, called SBCoV202, that specifically and tightly binds the translation initiation site of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome, inhibiting viral replication. SBCoV202 is a Nanoligomer, a molecule that includes peptide nucleic acid sequences capable of binding viral RNA with single-base-pair specificity to accurately target the viral genome. The compound has been shown to be safe and nontoxic in mice, with favorable biodistribution, and has shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Safety and biodistribution were assessed using three separate administration methods, namely, intranasal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal. Safety studies showed the Nanoligomer caused no outward distress, immunogenicity, or organ tissue damage, measured through observation of behavior and body weight, serum levels of cytokines, and histopathology of fixed tissue, respectively. SBCoV202 was evenly biodistributed throughout the body, with most tissues measuring Nanoligomer concentrations well above the compound KD of 3.37 nM. In addition to favorable availability to organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, the compound circulated through the blood and was rapidly cleared through the renal and urinary systems. The favorable biodistribution and lack of immunogenicity and toxicity set Nanoligomers apart from other antisense therapies, while the adaptability of the nucleic acid sequence of Nanoligomers provides a defense against future emergence of drug resistance, making these molecules an attractive potential treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen
R. McCollum
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Colleen M. Courtney
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Nolan J. O’Connor
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Thomas R. Aunins
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tristan X. Jordan
- Department
of Microbiology, New York University Langone, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Keegan L. Rogers
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
- Antimicrobial
Regeneration Consortium Labs, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Sachi Bio, Colorado Technology Center, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
- Antimicrobial
Regeneration Consortium Labs, Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
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112
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Palamà MEF, Coco S, Shaw GM, Reverberi D, Ghelardoni M, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Sercia L, Persano L, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Pisignano D, Murphy JM, Gentili C. Xeno-free cultured mesenchymal stromal cells release extracellular vesicles with a "therapeutic" miRNA cargo ameliorating cartilage inflammation in vitro. Theranostics 2023; 13:1470-1489. [PMID: 37056573 PMCID: PMC10086204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as an innovative strategy for the treatment of chronic disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Biological activity of EVs is generally driven by their cargo, which might be influenced by microenvironment. Therefore, pre-conditioning strategies, including modifications in culture conditions or oxygen tension could directly impact on MSCs paracrine activity. In this study we selected an appropriate preconditioning system to induce cells to perform the most suitable therapeutic response by EV-encapsulated bioactive factors. Methods: A xeno-free supplement (XFS) was used for isolation and expansion of MSCs and compared to conventional fetal bovine serum (FBS) culture. Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were pre-conditioned under normoxia (20% O2) or under hypoxia (1% O2) and EVs production was evaluated. Anti-OA activity was evaluated by using an in vitro inflammatory model. miRNA content was also explored, to select putative miRNA that could be involved in a biological function. Results: Modulation of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and PGE2 was evaluated on hACs simultaneously treated with IL-1α and BMSC-derived EVs. FBS-sEVs exerted a blunt inhibitory effect, while a strong anti-inflammatory outcome was achieved by XFS-sEVs. Interestingly, in both cases hypoxia pre-conditioning allowed to increase EVs effectiveness. Analysis of miRNA content showed the upregulation in XFS-hBMSC-derived EVs of miRNA known to have a chondroprotective role, such as let-7b-5p, miR-17, miR-145, miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p. Activated pathways and target genes were investigated in silico and upregulated miRNAs functionally validated in target cells. MiR-145 and miR-214 were found to protect chondrocytes from IL-1α-induced inflammation and to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: XFS medium was found to be suitable for isolation and expansion of MSCs, secreting EVs with a therapeutic cargo. The application of cells cultured exclusively in XFS overcomes issues of safety associated with serum-containing media and makes ready-to-use clinical therapies more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georgina M. Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Laura Sercia
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Josephine Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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113
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Murakami K, Hamazaki N, Hamada N, Nagamatsu G, Okamoto I, Ohta H, Nosaka Y, Ishikura Y, Kitajima TS, Semba Y, Kunisaki Y, Arai F, Akashi K, Saitou M, Kato K, Hayashi K. Generation of functional oocytes from male mice in vitro. Nature 2023; 615:900-906. [PMID: 36922585 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Sex chromosome disorders severely compromise gametogenesis in both males and females. In oogenesis, the presence of an additional Y chromosome or the loss of an X chromosome disturbs the robust production of oocytes1-5. Here we efficiently converted the XY chromosome set to XX without an additional Y chromosome in mouse pluripotent stem (PS) cells. In addition, this chromosomal alteration successfully eradicated trisomy 16, a model of Down's syndrome, in PS cells. Artificially produced euploid XX PS cells differentiated into mature oocytes in culture with similar efficiency to native XX PS cells. Using this method, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells from the tail of a sexually mature male mouse into fully potent oocytes, which gave rise to offspring after fertilization. This study provides insights that could ameliorate infertility caused by sex chromosome or autosomal disorders, and opens the possibility of bipaternal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Murakami
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hamazaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Hamada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nosaka
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya S Kitajima
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Semba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Arai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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114
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Abstract
Modulation of presynaptic short-term plasticity induced by actin polymerization was studied in rat hippocampal slices using the paired-pulse paradigm. Schaffer collaterals were stimulated with paired pulses with a 70-ms interstimulus interval every 30 s before and during perfusion with jasplakinolide, an activator of actin polymerization. Jasplakinolide application resulted in the increase in the amplitudes of CA3-CA1 responses (potentiation) accompanied by a decrease in the paired-pulse facilitation, suggesting induction of presynaptic modifications. Jasplakinolide-induced potentiation depended on the initial paired-pulse rate. These data indicate that the jasplakinolide-mediated changes in actin polymerization increased the probability of neurotransmitter release. Less typical for CA3-CA1 synapses responses, such as a very low paired-pulse ratio (close to 1 or even lower) or even paired-pulse depression, were affected differently. Thus, jasplakinolide caused potentiation of the second, but not the first response to the paired stimulus, which increased the paired-pulse ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 on average, suggesting a negative impact of jasplakinolide on the mechanisms promoting paired-pulse depression. In general, actin polymerization facilitated potentiation, although the patterns of potentiation differed depending on the initial synapse characteristics. We conclude that in addition to the increase in the neurotransmitter release probability, jasplakinolide induced other actin polymerization-dependent mechanisms, including those involved in the paired-pulse depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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115
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Goethals O, Kaptein SJF, Kesteleyn B, Bonfanti JF, Van Wesenbeeck L, Bardiot D, Verschoor EJ, Verstrepen BE, Fagrouch Z, Putnak JR, Kiemel D, Ackaert O, Straetemans R, Lachau-Durand S, Geluykens P, Crabbe M, Thys K, Stoops B, Lenz O, Tambuyzer L, De Meyer S, Dallmeier K, McCracken MK, Gromowski GD, Rutvisuttinunt W, Jarman RG, Karasavvas N, Touret F, Querat G, de Lamballerie X, Chatel-Chaix L, Milligan GN, Beasley DWC, Bourne N, Barrett ADT, Marchand A, Jonckers THM, Raboisson P, Simmen K, Chaltin P, Bartenschlager R, Bogers WM, Neyts J, Van Loock M. Blocking NS3-NS4B interaction inhibits dengue virus in non-human primates. Nature 2023; 615:678-686. [PMID: 36922586 PMCID: PMC10033419 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a major health threat and the number of symptomatic infections caused by the four dengue serotypes is estimated to be 96 million1 with annually around 10,000 deaths2. However, no antiviral drugs are available for the treatment or prophylaxis of dengue. We recently described the interaction between non-structural proteins NS3 and NS4B as a promising target for the development of pan-serotype dengue virus (DENV) inhibitors3. Here we present JNJ-1802-a highly potent DENV inhibitor that blocks the NS3-NS4B interaction within the viral replication complex. JNJ-1802 exerts picomolar to low nanomolar in vitro antiviral activity, a high barrier to resistance and potent in vivo efficacy in mice against infection with any of the four DENV serotypes. Finally, we demonstrate that the small-molecule inhibitor JNJ-1802 is highly effective against viral infection with DENV-1 or DENV-2 in non-human primates. JNJ-1802 has successfully completed a phase I first-in-human clinical study in healthy volunteers and was found to be safe and well tolerated4. These findings support the further clinical development of JNJ-1802, a first-in-class antiviral agent against dengue, which is now progressing in clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethals
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Bonfanti
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Discovery, Janssen-Cilag, Val de Reuil, France
- Galapagos, Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Babs E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Robert Putnak
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominik Kiemel
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ackaert
- Janssen Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roel Straetemans
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Peggy Geluykens
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- Discovery, Charles River Beerse, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Crabbe
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kim Thys
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lotke Tambuyzer
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandra De Meyer
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael K McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Querat
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregg N Milligan
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David W C Beasley
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Chaltin
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.
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Chen T, Chang H. In vitro eye irritation testing models may play pivotal role in effort to pursue mild baby cleansers. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105578. [PMID: 36858186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mild baby cleansers have experienced ever-growing demand from caregivers. In the meantime, formulation developers are in practical need for a method(s) to screen mild formulations. In the present study, we aim to repurpose the HET-CAM and SkinEthic™ models to further classify in vivo nonirritant baby cleansing formulations into mild and less mild categories. Both methods were modified to best describe the samples' irritation potential. The results showed that both models successfully classified the formulations into mild and less mild categories according to our customized criteria. For the HET-CAM, the medians of mean irritation scores (IS) were 3.0 for mild formulations (with 0 ≤ mean IS ≤4.5), and 5.0 for less mild formulations (with mean IS values all equaled 5), respectively. And for the SkinEthic™ model, the median relative viabilities were 69.46% for less mild formulations (with 46.80% ≤ mean relative viability ≤84.76%), and 99.96% for mild formulations (with 90.57% ≤ mean relative viability ≤124.58%). Thirty out of 35 formulations were predicted consistently between the HET-CAM and SkinEthic™ model. Statistical analysis of the agreement between predictions made by the two models demonstrated substantial agreement with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.713 (P < 0.001). We conclude that the HET-CAM and SkinEthic™ models are promising in vitro alternatives for screening mild formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; CNLIC Key Laboratory for Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Skin Care Products, Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huailong Chang
- CNLIC Key Laboratory for Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Skin Care Products, Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Gao H, Wang Y, Cui M, Peng H, Xiao Y, Jin Y, Yu D, Chen W, Wang Q. Health risk assessment of cadmium exposure by integration of an in silico physiologically based toxicokinetic model and in vitro tests. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130191. [PMID: 36272375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that can damage multiple organs, including the kidney. To prevent renal effects, international authorities have set health-based guidance values of Cd from epidemiological studies. To explore the health risk of Cd exposure and whether human equivalent doses (HEDs) derived from in vitro tests match the current guidance values, we integrated renal tubular epithelial cell-based assays with a physiologically based toxicokinetic model combined with the Monte Carlo method. For females, the HEDs (μg/kg/week) derived from KE2 (DNA damage), KE3 (cell cycle arrest), and KE4 (apoptosis) were 0.20 (2.5th-97.5th percentiles: 0.09-0.48), 0.52 (0.24-1.26), and 2.73 (1.27-6.57), respectively; for males the respective HEDs were 0.23 (0.10-0.49), 0.60 (0.27-1.30), and 3.11 (1.39-6.78). Among them, HEDKE4 (female) was close to the tolerable weekly intake (2.5 μg/kg/week) set by the European Food Safety Authority. The margin of exposure (MOE) derived from HEDKE4 (female) indicated that risks of renal toxicity for populations living in cadmium-contaminated regions should be of concern. This study provided a new approach methodology (NAM) for environmental chemical risk assessment using in silico and in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengxing Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghao Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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118
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Miao Y, Djeffal Y, De Simone A, Zhu K, Lee JG, Lu Z, Silberfeld A, Rao J, Tarazona OA, Mongera A, Rigoni P, Diaz-Cuadros M, Song LMS, Di Talia S, Pourquié O. Reconstruction and deconstruction of human somitogenesis in vitro. Nature 2023; 614:500-508. [PMID: 36543321 PMCID: PMC10018515 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate body displays a segmental organization that is most conspicuous in the periodic organization of the vertebral column and peripheral nerves. This metameric organization is first implemented when somites, which contain the precursors of skeletal muscles and vertebrae, are rhythmically generated from the presomitic mesoderm. Somites then become subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments that are essential for vertebral formation and segmental patterning of the peripheral nervous system1-4. How this key somitic subdivision is established remains poorly understood. Here we introduce three-dimensional culture systems of human pluripotent stem cells called somitoids and segmentoids, which recapitulate the formation of somite-like structures with anteroposterior identity. We identify a key function of the segmentation clock in converting temporal rhythmicity into the spatial regularity of anterior and posterior somitic compartments. We show that an initial 'salt and pepper' expression of the segmentation gene MESP2 in the newly formed segment is transformed into compartments of anterior and posterior identity through an active cell-sorting mechanism. Our research demonstrates that the major patterning modules that are involved in somitogenesis, including the clock and wavefront, anteroposterior polarity patterning and somite epithelialization, can be dissociated and operate independently in our in vitro systems. Together, we define a framework for the symmetry-breaking process that initiates somite polarity patterning. Our work provides a platform for decoding general principles of somitogenesis and advancing knowledge of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yannis Djeffal
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kongju Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jong Gwan Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziqi Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Silberfeld
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar A Tarazona
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Mongera
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Rigoni
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarete Diaz-Cuadros
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Min Sook Song
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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119
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Balsells-Llauradó M, Vall-Llaura N, Usall J, Silva CJ, Blanco-Ulate B, Teixidó N, Caballol M, Torres R. Transcriptional profiling of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and in vitro tests reveal putative roles of linalool and farnesal in nectarine resistance against brown rot. Plant Sci 2023; 327:111558. [PMID: 36493930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The most devastating fungal disease of peaches and nectarines is brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp. Among the many plant responses against biotic stress, plant terpenoids play essential protective functions, including antioxidant activities and inhibition of pathogen growth. Herein, we aimed to characterize the expression of terpenoid biosynthetic genes in fruit tissues that presented different susceptibility to brown rot. For that, we performed artificial inoculations with Monilinia laxa at two developmental stages (immature and mature fruit) of two nectarine cultivars ('Venus' -mid-early season cultivar - and 'Albared' -late season cultivar-) and in vitro tests of the key compounds observed in the transcriptional results. All fruit were susceptible to M. laxa except for immature 'Venus' nectarines. In response to the pathogen, the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway of the 'Venus' cultivar was highly induced in both stages rather than the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, being the expression of some MEP-related biosynthetic genes [e.g., PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE (PpPFT), and 3S-LINALOOL SYNTHASE (PpLIS)] different between stages. In 'Albared', both stages presented similar responses to M. laxa for both pathways. Comparisons between cultivars showed that HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-CoA REDUCTASE (PpHMGR1) expression levels were common in susceptible tissues. Within all the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, linalool- and farnesal-related pathways stood out for being upregulated only in resistant tissues, which suggest their role in mediating the resistance to M. laxa. The in vitro antifungal activity of linalool and farnesol (precursor of farnesal) revealed fungicidal and fungistatic activities against M. laxa, respectively, depending on the concentration tested. Understanding the different responses between resistant and susceptible tissues could be further considered for breeding or developing new strategies to control brown rot in stone fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balsells-Llauradó
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Christian J Silva
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Barbara Blanco-Ulate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Caballol
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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120
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Fare CM, Rhine K, Lam A, Myong S, Shorter J. A minimal construct of nuclear-import receptor Karyopherin-β2 defines the regions critical for chaperone and disaggregation activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102806. [PMID: 36529289 PMCID: PMC9860449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2) is a nuclear-import receptor that recognizes proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signals of diverse cytoplasmic cargo for transport to the nucleus. Kapβ2 cargo includes several disease-linked RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains, such as FUS, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, and hnRNPA2. These RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains are linked via pathology and genetics to debilitating degenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multisystem proteinopathy. Remarkably, Kapβ2 prevents and reverses aberrant phase transitions of these cargoes, which is cytoprotective. However, the molecular determinants of Kapβ2 that enable these activities remain poorly understood, particularly from the standpoint of nuclear-import receptor architecture. Kapβ2 is a super-helical protein comprised of 20 HEAT repeats. Here, we design truncated variants of Kapβ2 and assess their ability to antagonize FUS aggregation and toxicity in yeast and FUS condensation at the pure protein level and in human cells. We find that HEAT repeats 8 to 20 of Kapβ2 recapitulate all salient features of Kapβ2 activity. By contrast, Kapβ2 truncations lacking even a single cargo-binding HEAT repeat display reduced activity. Thus, we define a minimal Kapβ2 construct for delivery in adeno-associated viruses as a potential therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, multisystem proteinopathy, and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Rhine
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sua Myong
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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121
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Nardi GM, Mazur M, Grassi R, Rifuggiato S, Stiuso V, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Ottolenghi L, Barbato E, Minetola P, Iuliano L. Enamel Analysis by 3D Scanning after Three Orthodontic Clean-Up Procedures: An In-Vitro Test of a New Piezoelectric Tool. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2516. [PMID: 36767901 PMCID: PMC9915299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of a new piezoelectric instrument for orthodontic clean-up; (2) Methods: An in-vitro comparative study on 75 teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons compared the tested method (Treatment 1) with two other procedures: One step finisher and polisher (Inverted cone One gloss Shofu Dental, Kyoto, Japan) (Treatment 2) and twelve-fluted tungsten carbide bur (123-603-00, Dentaurum, Pforzheim, Germany) and Sof-Lex discs Pop-On XT Kit (3M ESPE) (Treatment 3), with n:25 samples in each group. Clinical safety (enamel volume loss) and effectiveness (residual adhesive volume) were assessed using the structured light 3D scanner Atos Compact Scan (GOM GmbH) together with the support of Atos Professional software. The surfaces were scanned three times to assess: (i) the volume of the residual adhesive (RAV) after bracket removal; (ii) the volume of the relative residual adhesive (dAV) after the clean-up procedure; (iii) volume of the enamel loss (EVL); (3) Results: The mean RAV (mm3) was 0.239 ± 0.337; 0.069 ± 0.124, 0.120 ± 0.193 and the mean EVL (mm3) was 0.1870 ± 0.177, 0.187 ± 0.299 and 0.290 ± 0.205, for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The distribution was asymmetrical between groups in both cases; (4) Conclusions: The tested instrument proved to be effective and safe for post-orthodontic clean-up. With the increasing use of invisible aligners, the possibility of using an ergonomic and fast instrument is of benefit to both patient and practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mazur
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Grassi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rifuggiato
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Vito Stiuso
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Livia Ottolenghi
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Barbato
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Minetola
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Iuliano
- Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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122
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Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Tell G. In Vitro Assay to Measure APE1 Enzymatic Activity on Ribose Monophosphate Abasic Site. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2701:21-38. [PMID: 37574473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3373-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1) is a central enzyme of the base excision repair (BER) pathway playing a pivotal role in protecting mammalian cells against genotoxins and in safeguarding genome stability. Recently, we demonstrated the APE1 ability to process abasic ribonucleotides embedded in DNA. Here, we provide a pipeline of protocols to quantify endodeoxyribonuclease activity by APE1 on these substrates, by using recombinant protein and whole-cell extracts. The repair capacity is measured by using fluorescent oligonucleotide substrates, which are then separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected by imaging scanning. The specificity of APE1 action is demonstrated using specific APE1 enzymatic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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123
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Diaz-Cuadros M, Miettinen TP, Skinner OS, Sheedy D, Díaz-García CM, Gapon S, Hubaud A, Yellen G, Manalis SR, Oldham WM, Pourquié O. Metabolic regulation of species-specific developmental rates. Nature 2023; 613:550-557. [PMID: 36599986 PMCID: PMC9944513 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animals display substantial inter-species variation in the rate of embryonic development despite a broad conservation of the overall sequence of developmental events. Differences in biochemical reaction rates, including the rates of protein production and degradation, are thought to be responsible for species-specific rates of development1-3. However, the cause of differential biochemical reaction rates between species remains unknown. Here, using pluripotent stem cells, we have established an in vitro system that recapitulates the twofold difference in developmental rate between mouse and human embryos. This system provides a quantitative measure of developmental speed as revealed by the period of the segmentation clock, a molecular oscillator associated with the rhythmic production of vertebral precursors. Using this system, we show that mass-specific metabolic rates scale with the developmental rate and are therefore higher in mouse cells than in human cells. Reducing these metabolic rates by inhibiting the electron transport chain slowed down the segmentation clock by impairing the cellular NAD+/NADH redox balance and, further downstream, lowering the global rate of protein synthesis. Conversely, increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio in human cells by overexpression of the Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase LbNOX increased the translation rate and accelerated the segmentation clock. These findings represent a starting point for the manipulation of developmental rate, with multiple translational applications including accelerating the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Diaz-Cuadros
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Teemu P Miettinen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Sheedy
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Hubaud
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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124
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Fanse S, Bao Q, Burgess DJ. Long-acting intrauterine systems: Recent advances, current challenges, and future opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114581. [PMID: 36270490 PMCID: PMC10302114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Levonorgestrel intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs) are complex drug-device combination products designed to release a hormonal contraceptive drug for up to 7 years. These drug delivery systems offers a great promise as a modern method of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) to improve women's health. Unfortunately, there are some scientific challenges associated with the development of these products which are among the major reasons contributing to the availability of relatively few IUS products on the market. This review summarizes the formulation considerations (drug and excipient attributes), manufacturing methods, advances in characterization and in vitro drug release testing of IUSs, as well as factors influencing drug release from IUSs. A critical discussion on the major challenges to IUS product development is presented. Specifically, insights on bioequivalence evaluation, in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) establishment, and regulatory challenges are detailed. Lastly, methodological tools to overcome some of these hurdles to product development are proposed. The knowledge furnished through this review will be helpful towards obtaining better product understanding. Such understanding will facilitate the development of these complex drug products, as well as their regulatory approval process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Fanse
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Takashita E, Yamayoshi S, Halfmann P, Wilson N, Ries H, Richardson A, Bobholz M, Vuyk W, Maddox R, Baker DA, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Uraki R, Ito M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Adachi E, Saito M, Koga M, Tsutsumi T, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Kiso M, Yotsuyanagi H, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Imai M, Kawaoka Y. In Vitro Efficacy of Antiviral Agents against Omicron Subvariant BA.4.6. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2094-2097. [PMID: 36383452 PMCID: PMC9730936 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hunter Ries
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Max Bobholz
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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126
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Zhang F, Wang F, Li W, Liang L, Sang X. The toxicity mechanism of glabridin in prostate cancer cells is involved in reactive oxygen species-dependent PI3K/Akt pathway: Integrated utilization of bioinformatic analysis and in vitro test validation. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2937-2946. [PMID: 36029289 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin is a prenylated isoflavonoid with considerable anticancer property. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have evolved as regulators of many cellular signaling pathways in prostate cancer (PC). However, the role of ROS signaling in the anticancer activity of glabridin has not been investigated. Here, we attempted to evaluate the effect of glabridin on PC and the involvement of ROS signaling. Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production in PC cell lines, DU-145 and LNCaP, were measured by H2DCFDA and MitoSOX Red staining, respectively. MTT assay was used to analyze the cellular viability. EdU staining assay was conducted to analyze the cell proliferation. To analyze apoptotic rate, TUNEL assay was performed. Caspase-3 activity was detected to reflect cell apoptosis. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of Akt and p-Akt. We found that intracellular ROS and mitoROS levels were dose-dependently upregulated after glabridin treatment in both DU-145 and LNCaP cells, which was reversed by the treatment of ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glabridin inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of EdU-positive DU-145 and LNCaP cells, which were respectively proved by MTT assay and EdU staining assay. Glabridin promoted cell death with increased apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity in DU-145 and LNCaP cells. The effects of glabridin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by NAC. Moreover, glabridin suppressed the ratio of p-Akt/Akt, while NAC mitigated the decreased p-Akt/Akt ratio. In addition, the effects of glabridin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also attenuated by Akt activator, SC79. Collectively, our results demonstrated that glabridin suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in PC cells via regulating ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings suggested that glabridin might hold a promising prospective as a therapeutic agent against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhang
- Food Department, Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Fufang Wang
- Research and Development Department, Henan Hongzhu Taizhijia Medical Service Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xicheng Sang
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Hongzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
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127
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Tsujimoto H, Katagiri N, Ijiri Y, Sasaki B, Kobayashi Y, Mima A, Ryosaka M, Furuyama K, Kawaguchi Y, Osafune K. In vitro methods to ensure absence of residual undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells intermingled in induced nephron progenitor cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275600. [PMID: 36378656 PMCID: PMC9665373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) are expected to ameliorate acute kidney injury (AKI). However, using hiPSC-derived NPCs clinically is a challenge because hiPSCs themselves are tumorigenic. LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 transcripts have been used as a marker of residual hiPSCs for a variety of cell types undergoing clinical trials. In this study, by reanalyzing public databases, we found a baseline expression of LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 in hiPSC-derived NPCs and several other cell types, suggesting LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 are not always reliable markers for iPSC detection. As an alternative, we discovered a lncRNA marker gene, MIR302CHG, among many known and unknown iPSC markers, as highly differentially expressed between hiPSCs and NPCs, by RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. Using MIR302CHG as an hiPSC marker, we constructed two assay methods, a combination of magnetic bead-based enrichment and qRT-PCR and digital droplet PCR alone, to detect a small number of residual hiPSCs in NPC populations. The use of these in vitro assays could contribute to patient safety in treatments using hiPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (HT)
| | - Naoko Katagiri
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ijiri
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ben Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Mima
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Ryosaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (HT)
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128
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Lee KH, Kim S, Lee SW. Pros and Cons of In Vitro Methods for Circular RNA Preparation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13247. [PMID: 36362032 PMCID: PMC9654983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA is gaining success as a new therapeutic agent and vaccine. However, mRNA has limitations in stability. To overcome the shortcomings of mRNA, circular RNA is emerging as a new modality. In this review, several current methods of manufacturing circular RNA in vitro are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. Furthermore, this study discusses which fields and directions of research and development are needed for the increase in the efficacy and productivity of circular RNA as a therapeutic agent and vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seong-Wook Lee
- R&D Center, Rznomics Inc., Seongnam 13486, Korea
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
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129
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Kęska A, Janicka A, Zawiślak M, Molska J, Włostowski R, Włóka A, Świeściak J, Ostrowski K. Assessment of the Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions from Euro 3 and Euro 6 Compliant Vehicles with the BAT-CELL Method Using In Vitro Tests. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14138. [PMID: 36361013 PMCID: PMC9654593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legal restrictions on vehicle engine exhaust gas emission control do not always go hand in hand with an actual reduction in the emissions of toxins into the atmosphere. Moreover, the methods currently used to measure exhaust gas emissions do not give unambiguous results on the impact of the tested gases on living organisms. The method used to assess the actual toxicity of gases, BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient-Tests using in vitro tests, takes into account synergistic interactions of individual components of a mixture of gases without the need to know its qualitative and quantitative composition and allows for determination of the actual toxicity of the gas composition. Using the BAT-CELL method, exhaust gases from passenger vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines complying with the Euro 3 and Euro 6 emission standards were tested. The results of toxicological tests were correlated with the results of chromatographic analysis. It was shown that diverse qualitative composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons determining the exhaust gases toxicity may decrease the percentage value of cell survival. Additionally, it was proven that the average survival of cells after exposure to exhaust gases from tested vehicles meeting the more restrictive Euro 6 standard was lower than for vehicles meeting the Euro 3 standard thus indicating the higher toxicity of exhaust gases from newer vehicles.
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130
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Seidel F, Cherianidou A, Kappenberg F, Marta M, Dreser N, Blum J, Waldmann T, Blüthgen N, Meisig J, Madjar K, Henry M, Rotshteyn T, Scholtz-Illigens A, Marchan R, Edlund K, Leist M, Rahnenführer J, Sachinidis A, Hengstler JG. High Accuracy Classification of Developmental Toxicants by In Vitro Tests of Human Neuroepithelial and Cardiomyoblast Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213404. [PMID: 36359802 PMCID: PMC9653768 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-relevant tests to predict developmental toxicity are urgently needed. A currently intensively studied approach makes use of differentiating human stem cells to measure chemically-induced deviations of the normal developmental program, as in a recent study based on cardiac differentiation (UKK2). Here, we (i) tested the performance of an assay modeling neuroepithelial differentiation (UKN1), and (ii) explored the benefit of combining assays (UKN1 and UKK2) that model different germ layers. Substance-induced cytotoxicity and genome-wide expression profiles of 23 teratogens and 16 non-teratogens at human-relevant concentrations were generated and used for statistical classification, resulting in accuracies of the UKN1 assay of 87–90%. A comparison to the UKK2 assay (accuracies of 90–92%) showed, in general, a high congruence in compound classification that may be explained by the fact that there was a high overlap of signaling pathways. Finally, the combination of both assays improved the prediction compared to each test alone, and reached accuracies of 92–95%. Although some compounds were misclassified by the individual tests, we conclude that UKN1 and UKK2 can be used for a reliable detection of teratogens in vitro, and that a combined analysis of tests that differentiate hiPSCs into different germ layers and cell types can even further improve the prediction of developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seidel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (J.G.H.)
| | - Anna Cherianidou
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Kappenberg
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miriam Marta
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Dreser
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Blum
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Department of Advanced Cell Systems, trenzyme GmbH, Byk-Gulden-Str. 2, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Meisig
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Margit Henry
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Rotshteyn
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Scholtz-Illigens
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Georg Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (J.G.H.)
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131
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Valderrama JFN, Gil VC, Alzate B V, Tavera EA, Noreña E, Porras J, Quintana-Castillo JC, García L JJ, Molina P FJ, Ramos-Contreras C, Sanchez JB. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on gestational hormone production in a placental cell line: Application of passive dosing to in vitro tests. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114090. [PMID: 36162350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been correlated to endocrine disruptor pathways during early pregnancy. PAHs have been found in the placenta and cord blood, which may affect the hormones involved in placental development. We studied the effects of some airborne PAHs on beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and progesterone production by using a syncytial BeWo cell line as a placental model. PAH congeners were spiked in silicon rubber membrane (SRMs) and were then introduced into the cell medium by the passive dosing method to reach a freely dissolved concentration for BeWo cell exposure. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector was used to analyze the PAHs, and electrochemiluminescence was used to test the hormone levels. Our results showed that passive dosing can deliver low levels of PAH congeners in the cell medium, which allowed us to calculate the individual release constants at equilibrium and to estimate their effects. Benzo[a]pyrene was released quickly from the SRMs to the cell medium, which can be attributed to its lipophilic properties. The PAHs were shown to decrease the β-hCG level in the short term and progesterone level in the long term, so they may serve as a pathway for endocrine disorder in trophoblastic cells. This approximation may explain observations of impaired endometrium receptivity and placental dysfunction, which enhance adverse pregnancy outcomes such as embryonic mortality and intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fredy Narváez Valderrama
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Vanessa Correa Gil
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Viviana Alzate B
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edison Andrés Tavera
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edgar Noreña
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmín Porras
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan José García L
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco José Molina P
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental - GAIA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia U.de.A, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ramos-Contreras
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental - GAIA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia U.de.A, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio Bueno Sanchez
- Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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132
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Schorderet Weber S, Bulliard X, Bonfante R, Xiang Y, Biselli S, Steiner S, Constant S, Pugin R, Laurent A, Majeed S, Lebrun S, Palmieri M, Hogg A, Kuczaj A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Stan A. In vitro testing of salt coating of fabrics as a potential antiviral agent in reusable face masks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17041. [PMID: 36220878 PMCID: PMC9552714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, wearing face masks in public spaces became mandatory in most countries. The risk of self-contamination when handling face masks, which was one of the earliest concerns, can be mitigated by adding antiviral coatings to the masks. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral effectiveness of sodium chloride deposited on a fabric suitable for the manufacturing of reusable cloth masks using techniques adapted to the home environment. We tested eight coating conditions, involving both spraying and dipping methods and three salt dilutions. Influenza A H3N2 virus particles were incubated directly on the salt-coated materials, collected, and added to human 3D airway epithelial cultures. Live virus replication in the epithelia was quantified over time in collected apical washes. Relative to the non-coated material, salt deposits at or above 4.3 mg/cm2 markedly reduced viral replication. However, even for larger quantities of salt, the effectiveness of the coating remained dependent on the crystal size and distribution, which in turn depended on the coating technique. These findings confirm the suitability of salt coating as antiviral protection on cloth masks, but also emphasize that particular attention should be paid to the coating protocol when developing consumer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Bulliard
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rosy Bonfante
- Epithelix Sàrl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Biselli
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Steiner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sàrl, Chemin des Aulx 18, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Pugin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Laurent
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Palmieri
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hogg
- Coat-X SA, Eplatures-Grise 17, 2300, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Stan
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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133
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Shukla S, Larsen KP, Ou C, Rose K, Hurley JH. In vitro reconstitution of calcium-dependent recruitment of the human ESCRT machinery in lysosomal membrane repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205590119. [PMID: 35994655 PMCID: PMC9436306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205590119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is centrally involved in the repair of damage to both the plasma and lysosome membranes. ESCRT recruitment to sites of damage occurs on a fast time scale, and Ca2+ has been proposed to play a key signaling role in the process. Here, we show that the Ca2+-binding regulatory protein ALG-2 binds directly to negatively charged membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Next, by monitoring the colocalization of ALIX with ALG-2 on negatively charged membranes, we show that ALG-2 recruits ALIX to the membrane. Furthermore, we show that ALIX recruitment to the membrane orchestrates the downstream assembly of late-acting CHMP4B, CHMP3, and CHMP2A subunits along with the AAA+ ATPase VPS4B. Finally, we show that ALG-2 can also recruit the ESCRT-III machinery to the membrane via the canonical ESCRT-I/II pathway. Our reconstitution experiments delineate the minimal sets of components needed to assemble the entire membrane repair machinery and open an avenue for the mechanistic understanding of endolysosomal membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Shukla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin P. Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chenxi Ou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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134
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Kwak JI, Kim H, An YJ. Earthworm half-pipe assay: A new alternative in vivo skin corrosion test using invertebrates. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119519. [PMID: 35618145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the efforts to introduce the principle of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) into animal testing, alternative in vitro skin corrosion test methods have been developed and standardized globally. However, alternative in vitro skin corrosion test methods have some limitations in terms of the use of humanely killed rats or commercial models and kits. The present study focused on the applicability of invertebrates as alternative in vivo skin models. Even though earthworm skin comprises the same biomolecules as human skin, the possibility of using earthworm skin as an alternative for skin testing remains unexplored. In this study, we developed a half-pipe tool for earthworm skin corrosion testing and optimized the test protocol. Subsequently, the applicability of the earthworm half-pipe assay for corrosion testing with six chemicals, including inorganic acids, organic acids, and alkalis, was investigated using stereomicroscopy and electron microscopy. It was observed that the specific concentrations for earthworm skin corrosion were lower than those for animal or in vitro tests. Therefore, the sensitivity of the earthworm half-pipe assay indicates that it could be useful as a screening tool before conducting in vivo animal tests or in vitro skin tests. This new method can contribute to research on alternative skin corrosion tests by reducing ethical issues, time, and cost while achieving effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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135
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Fu Q, Liu X, Li Y, Wang P, Wu T, Xiao H, Zhao Y, Liao Q, Song Z. Discovery of New Inhibitors of eEF2K from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on In Silico Screening and In Vitro Experimental Validation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154886. [PMID: 35956836 PMCID: PMC9369671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a highly conserved α kinase and is increasingly considered as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer as well as other diseases. However, so far, no selective and potent inhibitors of eEF2K have been identified. In this study, pharmacophore screening, homology modeling, and molecular docking methods were adopted to screen novel inhibitor hits of eEF2K from the traditional Chinese medicine database (TCMD), and then cytotoxicity assay and western blotting were performed to verify the validity of the screen. Resultantly, after two steps of screening, a total of 1077 chemicals were obtained as inhibitor hits for eEF2K from all 23,034 compounds in TCMD. Then, to verify the validity, the top 10 purchasable chemicals were further analyzed. Afterward, Oleuropein and Rhoifolin, two reported antitumor chemicals, were found to have low cytotoxicity but potent inhibitory effects on eEF2K activity. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation, pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyses were conducted to evaluate the property and potential of Oleuropein and Rhoifolin to be drugs. Together, by integrating in silico screening and in vitro biochemical studies, Oleuropein and Rhoifolin were revealed as novel eEF2K inhibitors, which will shed new lights for eEF2K-targeting drug development and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziyi Song
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-771-3235635
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Pisani S, Chiesa E, Genta I, Dorati R, Gregorini M, Grignano MA, Ramus M, Ceccarelli G, Croce S, Valsecchi C, Monti M, Rampino T, Conti B. Liposome Formulation and In Vitro Testing in Non-Physiological Conditions Addressed to Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147999. [PMID: 35887348 PMCID: PMC9324182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on formulating liposomes to be used in isolated kidney dynamic machine perfusion in hypothermic conditions as drug delivery systems to improve preservation of transplantable organs. The need mainly arises from use of kidneys from marginal donors for transplantation that are more exposed to ischemic/reperfusion injury compared to those from standard donors. Two liposome preparation techniques, thin film hydration and microfluidic techniques, are explored for formulating liposomes loaded with two model proteins, myoglobin and bovine serum albumin. The protein-loaded liposomes are characterized for their size by DLS and morphology by TEM. Protein releases from the liposomes are tested in PERF-GEN perfusion fluid, 4 °C, and compared to the in vitro protein release in PBS, 37 °C. Fluorescent liposome uptake is analyzed by fluorescent microscope in vitro on epithelial tubular renal cell cultures and ex vivo on isolated pig kidney in hypothermic perfusion conditions. The results show that microfluidics are a superior technique for obtaining reproducible spherical liposomes with suitable size below 200 nm. Protein encapsulation efficiency is affected by its molecular weight and isoelectric point. Lowering incubation temperature slows down the proteins release; the perfusion fluid significantly affects the release of proteins sensitive to ionic media (such as BSA). Liposomes are taken up by epithelial tubular renal cells in two hours’ incubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.); (I.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.); (I.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.); (I.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Grignano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.G.); (M.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Marina Ramus
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.G.); (M.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Stefania Croce
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Immunology & Transplantation Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Manuela Monti
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit University of Pavia, Biotechnology Laboratories Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.G.); (M.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Vle Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.); (I.G.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382987378
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137
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Thredgold L, Gaskin S, Liu Y, Tamargo E. In vitro assessment of the dermal penetration potential of sodium fluoroacetate using a formulated product. J Occup Environ Hyg 2022; 19:411-414. [PMID: 35544736 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2076862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental data on the skin absorption of sodium fluoroacetate from a formulated product using an in vitro approach and human skin. Sodium fluoroacetate is a pesticide, typically applied in formulation (1080) for the control of unwanted vertebrate invasive species. It has been assigned a Skin Notation by the ACGIH, and other international workplace health regulatory bodies, due to its predicted ability to permeate intact and abraded human skin. However, there is a distinct lack of experimental data on the skin absorption of sodium fluoroacetate to support this assignment. This study found that sodium fluoroacetate, as a formulated product, permeated the human epidermis when in direct contact for greater than 10 hr. A steady-state flux (Jss) of 1.31 ± 0.043 µg/cm2/hr and a lag time of 6.1 hr was calculated from cumulative skin permeation data. This study provides important empirical evidence in support of the assignment of a Skin Notation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Thredgold
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yanqin Liu
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erin Tamargo
- Department of Defence, Irregular Warfare Technical Support Directorate, Technical Support Working Group, US Government, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
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Baker NC, Pierro JD, Taylor LW, Knudsen TB. Identifying candidate reference chemicals for in vitro testing of the retinoid pathway for predictive developmental toxicity. ALTEX 2022; 40:217–236. [PMID: 35796328 PMCID: PMC10765368 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating chemicals for potential in vivo toxicity based on their in vitro bioactivity profile is an important step toward animal- free testing. A compendium of reference chemicals and data describing their bioactivity on specific molecular targets, cellular pathways, and biological processes is needed to bolster confidence in the predictive value of in vitro hazard detection. Endogenous signaling by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an important pathway in developmental processes and toxicities. Employing data extraction methods and advanced literature extraction tools, we assembled a set of candidate reference chemicals with demonstrated activity on ten protein family targets in the retinoid system. The compendium was culled from Protein Data Bank, ChEMBL, ToxCast/Tox21, and the biomedical literature in PubMed. Finally, we performed a case study on one chemical in our collection, citral, an inhibitor of endogenous ATRA production, to determine whether the literature supports an adverse outcome pathway explaining the compound’s developmental toxicity initiated by disruption of the retinoid pathway. We also deliver an updated Abstract Sifter tool populated with these reference compounds and complex search terms designed to query the literature for the downstream consequences to support concordance with targeted retinoid pathway disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocylin D. Pierro
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura W. Taylor
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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139
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Barbaro D, Di Bari L, Gandin V, Marzano C, Ciaramella A, Malventi M, Evangelisti C. Glucose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by metal vapor synthesis can target GLUT1 overexpressing tumors: In vitro tests and in vivo preliminary assessment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269603. [PMID: 35704647 PMCID: PMC9200296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with glucose (Glc-SPIONs) were prepared by a new approach called Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS) and their morphological/structural features were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. TEM analysis revealed the presence of small roundish crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles in the organic amorphous phase of glucose, The particles were distributed in a narrow range (1.5 nm—3.5 nm) with a mean diameter of 2.7 nm. The hydrodynamic mean diameter of the Glc-SPIONs, was 15.5 nm. From 4 mg/mL onwards, there was a constant level of positive contrast in a T1-weighted sequence. In vitro experiments were performed in three cell lines: pancreatic cancer (PSN-1), human thyroid cancer (BCPAP), and human embryonic kidney non-tumor cells. We evaluated GLUT1 expression in each cell line and demonstrated that the exposure time and concentration of the Glc-SPIONs we used did not affect cell viability. PSN-1 cells were the most effective at internalizing Glc-SPIONs. Although significantly higher than the control cells, a lower Fe content was detected BCPAP cells treated with Glc-SPIONs. To confirm the involvement of GLUT1 in Glc-SPIONs internalization, cellular uptake experiments were also conducted by pre-treating cancer cells with specific GLUT1 inhibitors, All the inhibitors reduced the cancer cell uptake of Glc-SPIONs In vivo tests were performed on mice inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma. Mice were treated with a single i.v. injection of Glc-SPION and our results showed a great bioavailability to the malignant tissue by the i.v. administration of Glc-SPIONs. Glc-SPIONs were efficiently eliminated by the kidney. To the best of our knowledge, our study demonstrates for the first time that Glc-SPIONs prepared with MVS can be electively internalized by tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by exploiting one of the most universal metabolic anomalies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Barbaro
- U.O. Endocrinology, General Hospital, Livorno, Livorno, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Evangelisti
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Italian National Council for Research (ICCOM-CNR), Pisa, Italy
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140
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Li X, Ni M, Xiong W, Tian L, Yang Z, Zhang L, Chen J. Transcriptomics analysis and benchmark concentration estimating-based in vitro test with IOSE80 cells to unveil the mode of action for female reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A at human-relevant levels. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 237:113523. [PMID: 35429799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is of great concern in public health, of which female reproductive toxicity is one major adverse health effect with the unclear mode of action (MOA) yet. Based on the principle of Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century, the purpose of this study is to explore the MOA for female reproductive toxicity using human normal ovarian epithelial cells IOSE80 at 28-day human-relevant-level exposure. A physiological based pharmacokinetic model was used to select the administration concentrations according to the BPA levels in female gonads at human actual exposure scenario. Enrichment KEGG pathways interrupted by BPA consisted of RNA transport, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, cell cycle, cellular senescence, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis. Increased relative mRNA and protein expressions of ERK and CDKN3, and proportion of S phase, as well as decreased proportion of G0/G1 phase were observed with increasing BPA concentrations, which could be partially inhibited by ERK inhibitor U0126. Among all the benchmark concentration lower confidence limits, mRNA expression of MAPK3 served as the lowest. In conclusion, the MOA of BPA induced female reproductive toxicity at human-relevant levels may include: key event (KE)1-ERK activation, KE2-increased expression of CDKN3, and KE3-cell cycle arrest. However, more in vivo studies may be needed to complete the MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmei Ni
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Lewis JS, Gross MH, Sousa J, Henrikus SS, Greiwe JF, Nans A, Diffley JFX, Costa A. Mechanism of replication origin melting nucleated by CMG helicase assembly. Nature 2022; 606:1007-1014. [PMID: 35705812 PMCID: PMC9242855 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The activation of eukaryotic origins of replication occurs in temporally separated steps to ensure that chromosomes are copied only once per cell cycle. First, the MCM helicase is loaded onto duplex DNA as an inactive double hexamer. Activation occurs after the recruitment of a set of firing factors that assemble two Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) holo-helicases. CMG formation leads to the underwinding of DNA on the path to the establishment of the replication fork, but whether DNA becomes melted at this stage is unknown1. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to image ATP-dependent CMG assembly on a chromatinized origin, reconstituted in vitro with purified yeast proteins. We find that CMG formation disrupts the double hexamer interface and thereby exposes duplex DNA in between the two CMGs. The two helicases remain tethered, which gives rise to a splayed dimer, with implications for origin activation and replisome integrity. Inside each MCM ring, the double helix becomes untwisted and base pairing is broken. This comes as the result of ATP-triggered conformational changes in MCM that involve DNA stretching and protein-mediated stabilization of three orphan bases. Mcm2 pore-loop residues that engage DNA in our structure are dispensable for double hexamer loading and CMG formation, but are essential to untwist the DNA and promote replication. Our results explain how ATP binding nucleates origin DNA melting by the CMG and maintains replisome stability at initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Lewis
- Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Marta H Gross
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Joana Sousa
- Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | - Sarah S Henrikus
- Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Julia F Greiwe
- Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - John F X Diffley
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Costa
- Macromolecular Machines Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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142
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Ferrero R, Androulakis I, Martino L, Nadar R, van Rhoon GC, Manzin A. Design and Characterization of an RF Applicator for In Vitro Tests of Electromagnetic Hyperthermia. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22103610. [PMID: 35632018 PMCID: PMC9148047 DOI: 10.3390/s22103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the biological effects of therapeutic hyperthermia in oncology and the precise quantification of thermal dose, when heating is coupled with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, are active fields of research. The reliable measurement of hyperthermia effects on cells and tissues requires a strong control of the delivered power and of the induced temperature rise. To this aim, we have developed a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic applicator operating at 434 MHz, specifically engineered for in vitro tests on 3D cell cultures. The applicator has been designed with the aid of an extensive modelling analysis, which combines electromagnetic and thermal simulations. The heating performance of the built prototype has been validated by means of temperature measurements carried out on tissue-mimicking phantoms and aimed at monitoring both spatial and temporal temperature variations. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the RF applicator to produce a well-focused heating, with the possibility of modulating the duration of the heating transient and controlling the temperature rise in a specific target region, by simply tuning the effectively supplied power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferrero
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (I.A.); Tel.: +39-0113919825 (R.F.)
| | - Ioannis Androulakis
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (G.C.v.R.)
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (I.A.); Tel.: +39-0113919825 (R.F.)
| | - Luca Martino
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Robin Nadar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (G.C.v.R.)
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (G.C.v.R.)
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Manzin
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
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Upchurch CM, Combe CL, Knowlton CJ, Rousseau VG, Gasparini S, Canavier CC. Long-Term Inactivation of Sodium Channels as a Mechanism of Adaptation in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3768-3782. [PMID: 35332085 PMCID: PMC9087813 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1914-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells function as place cells, increasing their firing rate when a specific place field is traversed. The dependence of CA1 place cell firing on position within the place field is asymmetric. We investigated the source of this asymmetry by injecting triangular depolarizing current ramps to approximate the spatially tuned, temporally diffuse depolarizing synaptic input received by these neurons while traversing a place field. Ramps were applied to CA1 pyramidal neurons from male rats in vitro (slice electrophysiology) and in silico (multicompartmental NEURON model). Under control conditions, CA1 neurons fired more action potentials at higher frequencies on the up-ramp versus the down-ramp. This effect was more pronounced for dendritic compared with somatic ramps. We incorporated a four-state Markov scheme for NaV1.6 channels into our model and calibrated the spatial dependence of long-term inactivation according to the literature; this spatial dependence was sufficient to explain the difference in dendritic versus somatic ramps. Long-term inactivation reduced the firing frequency by decreasing open-state occupancy, and reduced spike amplitude during trains by decreasing occupancy in the closed state, which comprises the available pool. PKC activator phorbol-dibutyrate, known to reduce NaV long-term inactivation, removed spike amplitude attenuation in vitro more visibly in dendrites and greatly reduced adaptation, consistent with our hypothesized mechanism. Intracellular application of a peptide inducing long-term NaV inactivation elicited spike amplitude attenuation during spike trains in the soma and greatly enhanced adaptation. Our synergistic experimental/computational approach shows that long-term inactivation of NaV1.6 is a key mechanism of adaptation in CA1 pyramidal cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus plays an important role in certain types of memory, in part through context-specific firing of "place cells"; these cells were first identified in rodents as being particularly active when an animal is in a specific location in an environment, called the place field of that neuron. In this in vitro/in silico study, we found that long-term inactivation of sodium channels causes adaptation in the firing rate that could potentially skew the firing of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons earlier within a place field. A computational model of the sodium channel revealed differential regulation of spike frequency and amplitude by long-term inactivation, which may be a general mechanism for spike frequency adaptation in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Upchurch
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Crescent L Combe
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Christopher J Knowlton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Valery G Rousseau
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Sonia Gasparini
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Carmen C Canavier
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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Byra M, Klimonda Z, Kruglenko E, Gambin B. Unsupervised deep learning based approach to temperature monitoring in focused ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonics 2022; 122:106689. [PMID: 35134653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature monitoring in ultrasound (US) imaging is important for various medical treatments, such as high-intensity focused US (HIFU) therapy or hyperthermia. In this work, we present a deep learning based approach to temperature monitoring based on radio-frequency (RF) US data. We used Siamese neural networks in an unsupervised way to spatially compare RF data collected at different time points of the heating process. The Siamese model consisted of two identical networks initially trained on a large set of simulated RF data to assess tissue backscattering properties. To illustrate our approach, we experimented with a tissue-mimicking phantom and an ex-vivo tissue sample, which were both heated with a HIFU transducer. During the experiments, we collected RF data with a regular US scanner. To determine spatiotemporal variations in temperature distribution within the samples, we extracted small 2D patches of RF data and compared them with the Siamese network. Our method achieved good performance in determining the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature during heating. Compared with the temperature monitoring based on the change in radio-frequency signal backscattered energy parameter, our method provided more smooth spatial parametric maps and did not generate ripple artifacts. The proposed approach, when fully developed, might be used for US based temperature monitoring of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Byra
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ziemowit Klimonda
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleonora Kruglenko
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gambin
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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145
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Filer DL, Hoffman K, Sargis RM, Trasande L, Kassotis CD. On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:57005. [PMID: 35533074 PMCID: PMC9084331 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests environmental contaminants can impact metabolic health; however, high costs prohibit in vivo screening of putative metabolic disruptors. High-throughput screening programs, such as ToxCast, hold promise to reduce testing gaps and prioritize higher-order (in vivo) testing. OBJECTIVES We sought to a) examine the concordance of in vitro testing in 3T3-L1 cells to a targeted literature review for 38 semivolatile environmental chemicals, and b) assess the predictive utility of various expert models using ToxCast data against the set of 38 reference chemicals. METHODS Using a set of 38 chemicals with previously published results in 3T3-L1 cells, we performed a metabolism-targeted literature review to determine consensus activity determinations. To assess ToxCast predictive utility, we used two published ToxPi models: a) the 8-Slice model published by Janesick et al. (2016) and b) the 5-Slice model published by Auerbach et al. (2016). We examined the performance of the two models against the Janesick in vitro results and our own 38-chemical reference set. We further evaluated the predictive performance of various modifications to these models using cytotoxicity filtering approaches and validated our best-performing model with new chemical testing in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS The literature review revealed relevant publications for 30 out of the 38 chemicals (the remaining 8 chemicals were only examined in our previous 3T3-L1 testing). We observed a balanced accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) of 0.86 comparing our previous in vitro results to the literature-derived calls. ToxPi models provided balanced accuracies ranging from 0.55 to 0.88, depending on the model specifications and reference set. Validation chemical testing correctly predicted 29 of 30 chemicals as per 3T3-L1 testing, suggesting good adipogenic prediction performance for our best adapted model. DISCUSSION Using the most recent ToxCast data and an updated ToxPi model, we found ToxCast performed similarly to that of our own 3T3-L1 testing in predicting consensus calls. Furthermore, we provide the full ranked list of largely untested chemicals with ToxPi scores that predict adipogenic activity and that require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne L. Filer
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, and Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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146
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Patil PP, Patil VS, Khanal P, Darasaguppe HR, Charla R, Bhatkande A, Patil BM, Roy S. Network pharmacology and in vitro testing of Theobroma cacao extract’s antioxidative activity and its effects on cancer cell survival. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259757. [PMID: 35421091 PMCID: PMC9009696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao L. is a commercially important food/beverage and is used as traditional medicine worldwide against a variety of ailments. In the present study, computational biology approaches were implemented to elucidate the possible role of cocoa in cancer therapy. Bioactives of cocoa were retrieved from the PubChem database and queried for targets involved in cancer pathogenesis using BindingDB (similarity index ≥0.7). Later, the protein-protein interactions network was investigated using STRING and compound-protein via Cytoscape. In addition, intermolecular interactions were investigated via molecular docking. Also, the stability of the representative complex Hirsutrin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) complex was explored using molecular dynamics simulations. Crude extract metabolite profile was carried out by LC-MS. Further, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity studies were performed in Chinese hamster ovary (normal) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (cancer) cell lines. Herein, the gene set enrichment and network analysis revealed 34 bioactives in cocoa targeting 50 proteins regulating 21 pathways involved in cancer and oxidative stress in humans. EGFR scored the highest edge count amongst 50 targets modulating 21 key pathways. Hence, it was selected as a promising anticancer target in this study. Structural refinement of EGFR was performed via all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. A complex EGFR-Hirsutrin showed the least binding energy (-7.2 kcal/mol) and conserved non-bonded contacts with binding pocket residues. A stable complex formation of EGFR-Hirsutrin was observed during 100 ns MD simulation. In vitro studies corroborated antioxidant activity for cocoa extract and showed a significantly higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Our study virtually predicts anti-cancer activity for cocoa affected by hirsutrin inhibiting EGFR. Further wet-lab studies are needed to establish cocoa extract against cancer and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal S. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Harish R. Darasaguppe
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
| | - Rajitha Charla
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Arati Bhatkande
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Basanagouda M. Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
| | - Subarna Roy
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: , (BMP); (HRD); (SR)
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147
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Flores-García LC, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Romero-Córdoba SL, Hernández-Juárez AJ, Naranjo-Meneses MA, García-García E, Méndez JP, Cabrera-Quintero AJ, Ramírez-Ruíz A, Pedraza-Sánchez S, Meraz-Cruz N, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zentella-Dehesa A. Sera from women with different metabolic and menopause states differentially regulate cell viability and Akt activation in a breast cancer in-vitro model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266073. [PMID: 35413055 PMCID: PMC9004774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence and aggressiveness of breast cancer and is estimated to increment the development of this tumor by 50 to 86%. These associations are driven, in part, by changes in the serum molecules. Epidemiological studies have reported that Metformin reduces the incidence of obesity-associated cancer, probably by regulating the metabolic state. In this study, we evaluated in a breast cancer in-vitro model the activation of the IR-β/Akt/p70S6K pathway by exposure to human sera with different metabolic and hormonal characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of brief Metformin treatment on sera of obese postmenopausal women and its impact on Akt and NF-κB activation. We demonstrated that MCF-7 cells represent a robust cellular model to differentiate Akt pathway activation influenced by the stimulation with sera from obese women, resulting in increased cell viability rates compared to cells stimulated with sera from normal-weight women. In particular, stimulation with sera from postmenopausal obese women showed an increase in the phosphorylation of IR-β and Akt proteins. These effects were reversed after exposure of MCF-7 cells to sera from postmenopausal obese women with insulin resistance with Metformin treatment. Whereas sera from women without insulin resistance affected NF-κB regulation. We further demonstrated that sera from post-Metformin obese women induced an increase in p38 phosphorylation, independent of insulin resistance. Our results suggest a possible mechanism in which obesity-mediated serum molecules could enhance the development of luminal A-breast cancer by increasing Akt activation. Further, we provided evidence that the phenomenon was reversed by Metformin treatment in a subgroup of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Flores-García
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L. Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra L. Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo J. Hernández-Juárez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María A. Naranjo-Meneses
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo García-García
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto J. Cabrera-Quintero
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ramírez-Ruíz
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, IIBO, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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148
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Upchurch WJ, Iaizzo PA. In vitro contractile studies within isolated tissue baths: Translational research from Visible Heart ® Laboratories. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:584-597. [PMID: 35068214 PMCID: PMC9014520 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolated tissue bath research methodology was first developed in 1904. Since then, it has been recognized as an important tool in pharmacology and physiology research, including investigations into neuromuscular disorders. The tissue bath is still used routinely as the instrument for performing the "gold standard" test for clinical diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility - the caffeine-halothane contracture test. Our research group has utilized this tool for several decades for a range of research studies, and we are currently one of four North American diagnostic centers for determining susceptibility for malignant hyperthermia. This review provides a brief summary of some of the historical uses of the tissue bath. Important experimental considerations for the operation of the tissue bath are further described. Finally, we discuss the different studies our group has performed using isolated tissue baths to highlight the broad potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston J Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul A Iaizzo
- Department of Surgery, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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149
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Wang N, Li X, Xu J, Jiao Y, Cui Y, Jian X. A high frequency endoscopic ultrasound imaging method combining chirp coded excitation and compressed sensing. Ultrasonics 2022; 121:106669. [PMID: 35007837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient imaging penetration and large data acquisition are two of the major challenges of high-frequency ultrasound imaging. Based on the good autocorrelation properties of chirp signal and the feasibility of using compressed sensing theory to reconstruct high-quality ultrasound images with low sampling requirements, this paper proposed a chirp coded excitation combined with compressed sensing (CCE-CS) technique for high-frequency endoscopic ultrasound (HFEUS) imaging. The feasibility of the method was verified by a brief theoretical analysis, and the relevant parameters were selected and analyzed according to the actual engineering situation. Simulated phantoms and in-vitro tissue experiments were used to evaluate the performance of the CCE-CS. Simulation results demonstrate that CCE-CS is capable of reducing the impact of reconstruction errors and improving imaging quality through comparison with conventional methods. The reduction of reconstruction data had less impact on penetration depth, resolution and general contrast general contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR), and the reconstructed image was closer to the original image with a maximum improvement of 37% in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Moreover, comparisons were conducted on the digestive tract of swine, and the results show that CCE-CS is also feasible in the in-vitro environment. These results demonstrated that CCE-CS method has good potential for application to improve the imaging quality of HFEUS while reducing the sampling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xinze Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yaoyao Cui
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xiaohua Jian
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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150
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Krause S, Debon S, Pälchen K, Jakobi R, Rega B, Bonazzi C, Grauwet T. In vitro digestion of protein and starch in sponge cakes formulated with pea ( Pisum sativum L.) ingredients. Food Funct 2022; 13:3206-3219. [PMID: 35212347 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03601g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro digestion of purified pea fractions (protein isolate and starch) in sponge cakes when compared to unrefined pea flour and to the whole wheat flour and purified maize starch commonly used in the food industry. Proteins in the wheat cake were hydrolysed more rapidly than those in cakes made with either pea flour or a combination of pea proteins and purified starch. In absolute terms, however, more readily bioaccessible protein was released from these pea cakes (by around 40%). By contrast, cakes containing wheat flour or maize starch were more susceptible to amylolysis compared to those based on pea starch in the form of the purified ingredient or whole flour. This could be attributed to a higher proportion of amylose and resistant starch in the pea cakes as well as structural characteristics that might have decelerated enzyme-substrate interactions. Interestingly, similar digestion patterns were observed regarding the purified pea ingredients and unrefined whole pea flour. It was therefore concluded that pea ingredients, and particularly the less purified and thus more sustainable whole pea flour, are promising plant-based alternatives for use in gluten-free baked products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Krause
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Stéphane Debon
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Havenstraat 84, 1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Katharina Pälchen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ralf Jakobi
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Havenstraat 84, 1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Barbara Rega
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Catherine Bonazzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Tara Grauwet
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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