1801
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Fattahi S, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Pourbagher R, Motevalizadeh Ardekani A, Mostafazadeh A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Aqueous Extract of Stinging Nettle and In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect on Hela and BT-474 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Cell Med 2014; 3:102-7. [PMID: 25035860 PMCID: PMC4082812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids are plants secondary metabolites. Due to their ability to act as antioxidant agents, there is a growing interest to use those components in traditional medicine for cancer prevention or treatment. The aim of this study was to measure the amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as anti-proliferative effect of aqueous extract of Stinging nettle on BT-474 and Hela cell lines. The amounts of phenolics content and total flavonoids were determined by folin ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by using diphenyl - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The reducing power of the extract was measured in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate and its antiproliferative activity was assessed on BT-474 and Hela cell lines using MTT assay. Total phenolic content was 322.941± 11.811 mg gallic acid/g extract. Total flavonoid content was 133.916±12.006 mg Catechin/g. The IC50 of DPPH radical was 1.2 mg/ ml and the reducing power was 218.9± 15.582 μg ascorbic acid/ g. Cell viability of BT-474 cells decreased to less than half of the control (no added extract) at the presence of 3 mg/ ml extract while no significant changes were detected for Hela cells at similar conditions. There was no significant difference in the percentage of surviving cells between consecutive days (day 1, 2 and 3) for both BT-474 and Hela cells (P>0.05). Although the relatively high amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous extract make this plant a promising candidate for diseases treatment; however, there is not a direct relationship between the amounts of these antioxidant components and the efficiency in in vitro cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abedian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Corresponding author: Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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1802
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Gullo G, Motisi A, Zappia R, Dattola A, Diamanti J, Mezzetti B. Rootstock and fruit canopy position affect peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] (cv. Rich May) plant productivity and fruit sensorial and nutritional quality. Food Chem 2014; 153:234-42. [PMID: 24491725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The right combination of rootstock and training system is important for increased yield and fruit sensorial and nutritional homogeneity and quality with peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. We investigated the effects of rootstock and training system on these parameters, testing the effect of vigorous GF677 and weaker Penta rootstock on 'Rich May' peach cultivar. Fruit position effects regarding photosynthetically active radiation availability, along the canopy profile using the Y training system, were investigated. The positive relationships between total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity according to canopy vigour and architecture were determined for the two scion/stock combinations. Changes in fruit epicarp colour and content of bioactive compounds were also determined. Lower-vigour trees from Penta rootstock grafting yielded larger fruit with improved skin overcolour, and greater total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity. GF677 rootstock produced more vigorous trees with fruit with lower sensorial and nutritional parameters. Canopy position strongly affects fruit sensorial and nutritional qualities. These data define potential for improvements to peach production efficiency and fruit quality, particularly for southern Europe peach cultivation conditions.
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1803
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Giordano E, Davalos A, Nicod N, Visioli F. Hydroxytyrosol attenuates tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:954-62. [PMID: 24347345 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound peculiarly abundant in olives and it is being recognized as a protector of LDL from oxidation. In addition to lipid oxidation, one emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease is ER stress. We tested the effect of HT on the modulation of ER stress in HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS HepG2 cells were treated with 1 μM and 5 μM of HT and 100 μM lipoic acid (LA) and glutathione-ethyl ester (GSH), for 24 h. Induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) was initiated by treatment with 2 μg/mL tunicamycin for 4 h. Real time RT-PCR analyses followed by Western blot and ELISA of different ER stress markers revealed that the protective activities of HT were superior to those of two known thiolic antioxidants, i.e., LA and GSH. CONCLUSION Mounting evidence indicates the ER as an important target of dietary or pharmacological intervention. In this paper, we report the modulatory activities of physiological concentrations of HT toward ER stress and we shed some light on pathways alternative to the well-known antioxidant mechanisms, through which olive oil phenolics modulate cell signaling and could impact cardiovascular health and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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1804
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Roopchand DE, Krueger CG, Moskal K, Fridlender B, Lila MA, Raskin I. Food-compatible method for the efficient extraction and stabilization of cranberry pomace polyphenols. Food Chem 2013; 141:3664-9. [PMID: 23993534 PMCID: PMC3815467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cranberry pomace is a byproduct of cranberry processing and is comprised of seeds, skins and stems of the cranberry fruit. While cranberry pomace contains beneficial polyphenols, including proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, it is not a palatable source of these compounds and is typically discarded. In this study, we have developed and optimized a method to extract polyphenols from cranberry pomace using aqueous ethanol, a food grade solvent. Biochemical characterization of the pomace extract showed the presence of a broad range of polyphenols also present in cranberry juice concentrate. By co-drying cranberry pomace extract with a protein-rich food matrix, such as soy protein isolate (SPI), we have developed a method to produce a cranberry polyphenol-SPI complex (CBP-SPI) containing 10% cranberry polyphenols. Unlike dried cranberry pomace extract alone, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and total polyphenols were found to be highly stable at 37 °C in the CBP-SPI powder. The extraction and stabilization of cranberry pomace polyphenols using SPI provides an innovative approach for utilizing pomace in the development of novel food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E. Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Christian G. Krueger
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, WI, 53523, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Reed Research Group, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706 USA
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Nutrasorb LLC, 675 US Highway 1, North Brunswick, NJ, 08902, USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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1805
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Jayasekera S, Kaur L, Molan AL, Garg ML, Moughan PJ. Effects of season and plantation on phenolic content of unfermented and fermented Sri Lankan tea. Food Chem 2013; 152:546-51. [PMID: 24444973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of season and plantation on the polyphenol content of Camellia sinensis (tea) leaves were determined. Aqueous and organic extracts of freeze-dried fresh (unfermented) and black (fully-fermented) tea leaves were prepared for a structured set of samples (fermented and unfermented teas from six high-, mid- and low-grown plantations; fermented and unfermented teas from two harvesting seasons from four highland plantations), collected from the main tea-growing regions in Sri Lanka. Total catechin content and amounts of individual catechins, flavonols and theaflavins were determined by HPLC. Mean values for the phenolic constituents were generally significantly higher (p<0.05) with solvent extraction. The mean values for total catechins, total flavonols and caffeine in the aqueous extracts from unfermented teas were 10.6%, 1.5% and 2.9%, respectively. For both unfermented and fermented tea leaves, a significant (p<0.05) interaction between plantation and season was observed for phenolic constituents. Ferric reducing antioxidant power was positively (p<0.05) correlated with (-)-epicatechin gallate and total phenolic contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovedeep Kaur
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Abdul-Lateef Molan
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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1806
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Christou A, Georgiadou EC, Filippou P, Manganaris GA, Fotopoulos V. Establishment of a rapid, inexpensive protocol for extraction of high quality RNA from small amounts of strawberry plant tissues and other recalcitrant fruit crops. Gene 2014; 537:169-73. [PMID: 24321691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry plant tissues and particularly fruit material are rich in polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, thus rendering the isolation of nucleic acids a difficult task. This work describes the successful modification of a total RNA extraction protocol, which enables the isolation of high quantity and quality of total RNA from small amounts of strawberry leaf, root and fruit tissues. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of GAPDH housekeeping gene from isolated RNA further supports the proposed protocol efficiency and its use for downstream molecular applications. This novel procedure was also successfully followed using other fruit tissues, such as olive and kiwifruit. In addition, optional treatment with RNase A following initial nucleic acid extraction can provide sufficient quality and quality of genomic DNA for subsequent PCR analyses, as evidenced from PCR amplification of housekeeping genes using extracted genomic DNA as template. Overall, this optimized protocol allows easy, rapid and economic isolation of high quality RNA from small amounts of an important fruit crop, such as strawberry, with extended applicability to other recalcitrant fruit crops.
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1807
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Poulose SM, Fisher DR, Bielinski DF, Gomes SM, Rimando AM, Schauss AG, Shukitt-Hale B. Restoration of stressor-induced calcium dysregulation and autophagy inhibition by polyphenol-rich açaí (Euterpe spp.) fruit pulp extracts in rodent brain cells in vitro. Nutrition 2014; 30:853-62. [PMID: 24985004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the brain often causes progressive neuronal degeneration and death that are the focal traits of chronic and acute pathologies, including those involving cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of both Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria açaí fruit pulp on restoring stressor-induced calcium dysregulation, stunted growth of basal dendrites, and autophagy inhibition using embryonic hippocampal and HT22 hippocampal neurons. METHODS Water-soluble whole fruit pulp extracts from two açaí species were applied to rat primary neurons and HT22 hippocampal neurons with varied time and concentrations. Recovery of neurons from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation was measured by live cell imaging using fluorescent microscopy. The effect of açaí fruit pulp extracts on neurons following chemically-induced autophagy inhibition was measured using both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS It has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may depend on a dysregulation in calcium ion (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and a loss of autophagy function in the brain, which affects numerous signaling pathways and alters protein homeostasis. In the present study, polyphenol-rich fruit pulp extracts from two species of açaí, Euterpe precatoria and Euterpe oleracea, when applied to rat hippocampal primary neuronal cells (E18), caused a significant (P < 0.05) recovery of depolarized brain cells from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) influx. Autophagy, a protein homeostasis mechanism in brain, when blocked by known inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin, caused a significant reduction in the growth of primary basal dendrites in rodent primary hippocampal neurons and significant accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in mouse HT22 hippocampal neurons in culture. However, pretreatment with açaí extracts up to 1 mg/mL significantly increased the length of basal dendrites and attenuated the inhibitor-induced autophagy dysfunction. Açaí extracts activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, increased the turnover of autophagosomes and MAP1 B LC3-II, and decreased accumulation of LC3-ubiquitin binding P62/SQSTM1. CONCLUSION Although the polyphenol profile of Euterpe precatoria showed substantially higher concentrations of major flavonoids han Euterpe oleracea, the relative effects were essentially similar for both species. The study adds to growing evidence that supports the putative health effects of açaí fruit species on brain cells.
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1808
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Ghasemnezhad M, Zareh S, Shiri MA, Javdani Z. The arils characterization of five different pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes stored after minimal processing technology. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:2023-32. [PMID: 25829582 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the quality of minimally processed different Iranian pomegranate genotypes was investigated during storage at 4 °C for 14 days. The results showed that at the end of storage time, the lowest microbial count was found on the arils of "Torsh Syabe Lorestan" genotype. There was a significant difference in titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total anthocyanin, catechin, and quercetin content in most genotypes after 14-day cold storage; while no difference was found between studied genotypes in antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. In general, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate arils gradually decreased over storage time. Diphenolase activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme with dopamine hydrochloride substrate and peroxidase (POD) decreased over storage time, whereas diphenolase activity of PPO with pyrocatechol substrate significantly increased. The lowest diphenolase activity with dopamine hydrochloride and pyrocatechol substrates, as well as POD activity was found in Torsh Syabe Lorestan. The results suggested that the genotype of Torsh Syabe Lorestan, which showed the lowest microbial count on the arils and enzymes, could be more appropriate for minimal processing technology.
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1809
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Madhavi V, Prasad TNVKV, Reddy AVB, Ravindra Reddy B, Madhavi G. Application of phytogenic zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the adsorption of hexavalent chromium. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 116:17-25. [PMID: 23896293 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVNI) were synthesized using a rapid, single step and completely green synthetic method from the leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globules and were characterized using the techniques Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Zeta potential measurement. The FT-IR analysis reveals that the polyphenolic compounds present in the leaf extract may be responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the ZVNI. These nanoparticles were utilized for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and the concentration of Cr (VI) was determined using UV-Vis spectrometer after treating with ZVNI. Response and surface contour plots were drawn with the help of Mini-tab software to explain the adsorption of Cr (VI). The adsorption efficiency of Cr (VI) reaches to the highest value (98.1%) when the reaction time was about 30 min. and the ZVNI dosage was 0.8 g/L. The effective parameters such as adsorbent (ZVNI) dosage, initial Cr (VI) concentration and the kinetics were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemula Madhavi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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1810
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Prencipe FP, Bruni R, Guerrini A, Rossi D, Benvenuti S, Pellati F. Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in Vaccinium berries and determination of their chemopreventive properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 89:257-67. [PMID: 24316426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation on the chemical composition and chemopreventive activity of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth berries was carried out in comparison with Vaccinium myrtillus L. Berry polyphenols were extracted by using two sequential dynamic maceration steps, which enabled to maximize the yields of secondary metabolites. In particular, phenolic acids and flavonols were extracted from berries using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), whereas anthocyanins were extracted from the residue with 0.6M HCl in methanol (MeOH). The analysis of secondary metabolites in berry extracts was performed by means of two specific HPLC methods. Phenolic acids and flavonols were analyzed on an Ascentis C18 column (250mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of 0.1M HCOOH in H2O and ACN. Anthocyanin analysis was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (150mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of H2O-HCOOH (9:1, v/v) and MeOH-H2O-HCOOH (5:4:1, v/v/v). Detection was performed by UV/DAD, MS and MS(2). The polyphenol composition of V. floribundum and V. myrtillus was studied in detail. The samples of V. floribundum analyzed in this study had a much higher content of both phenolic acids and flavonols in comparison with V. myrtillus (mean value 41.6±10.2 and 13.7±0.2mg/100g FW, respectively), while V. myrtillus showed a higher amount of anthocyanins if compared with V. floribundum (568.8±8.8 and mean value 376.2±49.9mg/100gFW, respectively). The extracts gave negative results in antimutagenic assays against carcinogens 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), while they performed similarly in both ABTS(+) and DPPH antioxidant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pio Prencipe
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food Science-LS9 Interlab Group, University of Parma, Via G.B. Usberti 95/a, 43134 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Damiano Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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1811
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Francesca N, Romano R, Sannino C, Le Grottaglie L, Settanni L, Moschetti G. Evolution of microbiological and chemical parameters during red wine making with extended post-fermentation maceration. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 171:84-93. [PMID: 24334093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of red wine subjected to post-fermentation maceration that was extended to 90 days. For this purpose, the 'Aglianico di Taurasi' grape was used as a case study. The total yeast concentration increased until day 40 of maceration and decreased thereafter, whereas the concentration of lactic acid bacteria slightly increased. Dekkera/Brettanomyces spp. and acetic acid bacteria were not detected. The yeast community was composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bisporus, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia guilliermondii, Aureobasidium pullulans and Debaryomyces carsonii. Nine S. cerevisiae strains were detected at high levels at different times of maceration. The results of all the conventional chemical analyses of the wines were in agreement with the regulations of commercial production and, interestingly, the changes in terms of concentration demonstrated the presence of yeast and LAB populations that were not only alive but also in a metabolically active state until day 90 of maceration. The alcohol and glycerol contents slightly increased until day 90. The concentrations of malic acid decreased, whereas those of lactic acid slightly increased throughout the maceration process. Furthermore, different durations of maceration resulted in significant differences in the total polyphenol content, which was higher at 40-50 days. The main phenolic compounds were benzoic and cinnamic acids and catechins. Interestingly, the highest ratio between (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin was found on day 40. In addition, the highest antioxidant activity was observed between days 40 and 50. The concentration of volatile organic compounds, which were mainly represented by alcohols, increased until the end of the maceration process. Sensory analysis revealed that samples that were subjected to maceration for a long period of time showed the highest odour and taste complexity and no off-odours and/or off-flavours were detected. These data confirmed that extending post-fermentation maceration to 90 days has no negative impact on the microbiological, chemical and sensory composition of wines, but affects the polyphenol content and potential health benefits of the resulting wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Francesca
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Le Grottaglie
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Settanni
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Moschetti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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1812
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Qin B, Panickar KS, Anderson RA. Cinnamon polyphenols regulate S100β, sirtuins, and neuroactive proteins in rat C6 glioma cells. Nutrition 2013; 30:210-7. [PMID: 24239092 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that cinnamon has many health benefits when used in herbal medicine and as a dietary ingredient. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of cinnamon, high in type A polyphenols, on molecular targets in rat C6 glioma cells that underlie their protective effects. METHODS C6 rat glioma cells were seeded in 35-mm culture dishes or six-well plates, then were incubated with cinnamon polyphenols at doses of 10 and 20 μg/mL for 24 h. The targeting protein expression, secretion, and phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoprecitation/immunoblotting and immunofluorescence imaging. RESULTS Cinnamon polyphenols significantly enhanced secretion of S100β, a Ca(2+)-binding protein, and increased intracellular S100β expression after 24 h of incubation, in rat C6 glioma cells. Cinnamon polyphenols also enhanced protein levels of sirtuin 1, 2, and 3, deacetylases important in cell survival, and the tumor suppressor protein, p53, and inhibited the inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and phospho-p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-κβ. Cinnamon polyphenols also up-regulated levels of phospho-p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein and mitogen-activated protein and kinase-activated protein kinases that may be important for prosurvival functions. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the effects of cinnamon polyphenols on upregulating prosurvival proteins, activating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to their neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qin
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA; Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill, TN, USA.
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
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1813
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Tamadon MR, Baradaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidant and kidney protection; differential impacts of single and whole natural antioxidants. J Renal Inj Prev 2013; 3:41-2. [PMID: 25340165 PMCID: PMC4206051 DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Reza Tamadon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azar Baradaran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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1814
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García-Pérez ME, Allaeys I, Rusu D, Pouliot R, Janezic TS, Poubelle PE. Picea mariana polyphenolic extract inhibits phlogogenic mediators produced by TNF-α-activated psoriatic keratinocytes: Impact on NF-κB pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:265-278. [PMID: 24189030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Picea mariana ((Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg; Pinaceae) bark has been traditionally used by North American natives for treating topical inflammations. It has been also suggested to improve various inflammatory skin disorders like Psoriasis vulgaris. Extracts from this bark storage protein contain polyphenolic compounds which have well-known antiinflammatory activities. Based on the capacity of polyphenolic compounds to modulate functions of normal human keratinocytes, this study was set up to decipher the mechanisms of action of a chemically characterized polyphenolic extract from Picea mariana bark (BS-EAcf) on lesional keratinocytes of skin with psoriasis vulgaris, a disease driven by the immune system in which TNF-α plays a significant role. MATERIALS AND METHODS BS-EAcf corresponds to the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the hot water extract of Picea mariana bark. BS-EAcf effects were evaluated in normal human (NHK) and psoriatic (PK) keratinocytes stimulated by TNF-α. Cell viability was assessed by lactate deshydrogenase release and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The mechanisms of action of BS-EAcf in keratinocytes were investigated by flow cytometry, ELISAs, RT-PCR and western blot analyses. RESULTS PK exhibited a higher response to TNF-α than NHK regarding the ICAM-1 expression and the production of NO, IL-6, IL-8, fractalkine and PGE2, whereas BS-EAcf significantly inhibited this TNF-α-induced increase at concentrations without causing keratinocyte toxicity. Additionally, this extract significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced release of elafin and VEGF by PK and NHK. Since TNF-α activation of most of these factors is dependent on the NF-κB pathway, this latter was studied in TNF-α-activated PK. BS-EAcf inhibited the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and degradation of total IκBα as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate fraction from Picea mariana bark extract showed inhibitory effects of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nitric oxide and prostaglandins produced by keratinocytes under TNF-α activation through down-regulating the NF-κB pathway. This study demontrated that this extract could be a potential antiinflammatory agent capable of improving psoriatic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Estrella García-Pérez
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Boulevard Laurier, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Bois, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie et géomatique, Université Laval, Canada; Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale (LOEX), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Boulevard Laurier, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Rusu
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Boulevard Laurier, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale (LOEX), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Tatjana Stevanovic Janezic
- Centre de Recherche sur le Bois, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie et géomatique, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Patrice E Poubelle
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Boulevard Laurier, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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1815
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Gianico A, Braguglia CM, Mescia D, Mininni G. Ultrasonic and thermal pretreatments to enhance the anaerobic bioconversion of olive husks. Bioresour Technol 2013; 147:623-626. [PMID: 24035286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Olive husks, typical solid by-products from the olive oil industry, were selected to carry out anaerobic digestion tests. Before digestion, olive husks were subjected to ultrasonic or thermal pretreatments in order to release the organic matter into solution. Both sonication and thermal pretreatment allowed to solubilize the particulate matter with 22% and 72% increase in soluble organics of olive husks, respectively. Nevertheless, such pretreatments caused the release of unwanted molecules in solution, with the related risks of inhibition of the methanogenic process. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests on olive husks mixed with olive-mill wastewater and dairy wastewater, either pretreated or not, showed that ultrasound pretreatment resulted in 15% increase in volatile solids reduction and a 13% increase in biogas production, while after thermal pretreatment no benefits were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gianico
- Cnr, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy.
| | - C M Braguglia
- Cnr, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - D Mescia
- Asja Ambiente Italia S.p.A., via Ivrea 70, Rivoli (TO), Italy
| | - G Mininni
- Cnr, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
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1816
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Schmidt S, Jakab M, Jav S, Streif D, Pitschmann A, Zehl M, Purevsuren S, Glasl S, Ritter M. Extracts from Leonurus sibiricus L. increase insulin secretion and proliferation of rat INS-1E insulinoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:85-94. [PMID: 23978659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) uses preparations from herbs as one form of medication for the treatment of a diversity of diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated the effect of extracts from the plant Leonurus sibiricus L. (LS), used in TMM to treat typical symptoms of type 2 DM, on insulin secretion, electrophysiological properties, intracellular calcium concentration and cell proliferation of INS-1E insulinoma cells under standard cell culture conditions (SCC; 11.1mM glucose). MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin secretion was measured by ELISA, electrical properties were assessed by whole cell patch clamping, intracellular calcium concentration (Cai) by Fluo-4 time lapse imaging, insulin receptor expression was verified by RT-PCR and cell proliferation assessed by CellTiter-Glo® cell viability assay. RESULTS Insulin released from INS-1E cells into the culture medium over 24h was significantly increased in presence of 500 mg/L aqueous LS extract (LS OWE) as well as methanolic LS extract (LS MeOH/H2O) but not in the presence of the butanol-soluble extract (LS MeOH/BuOH). Acute application of LS OWE resulted in a depolarization of the cell membrane potential paralleled by an initial increase and subsequent decline and silencing of action potential frequency, by KATP channel inhibition, persisting depolarization and an increase in Cai. The electrophysiological effects were comparable to those of 100 μM tolbutamide, which, however failed to elevate insulin secretion under SCC. Furthermore all LS extracts stimulated INS-1E cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The finding that extracts from Leonurus sibiricus L. enhance insulin secretion and/or foster cell proliferation may provide possible explanations for the underlying therapeutic principles in the empirical use of LS-containing formulations in DM and DM-related disorders as applied in TMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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1817
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Rezaire A, Robinson JC, Bereau D, Verbaere A, Sommerer N, Khan MK, Durand P, Prost E, Fils-Lycaon B. Amazonian palm Oenocarpus bataua ("patawa"): chemical and biological antioxidant activity--phytochemical composition. Food Chem 2013; 149:62-70. [PMID: 24295677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In French Guiana, "diversity" within the Palm family is obvious since more than 75 species have been identified. Oenocarpus bataua Mart., called "patawa" is well known for its culinary uses whereas literature on its phytochemical composition and biological properties remains poor. This work deals with determining the antioxidant activity of this palm fruit and its polyphenol composition; Euterpe oleracea (açai) used as a reference. It turned out that patawa had a stronger antioxidant activity than açai in TEAC and FRAP tests. A similar activity was observed by DPPH assay whereas in ORAC and KRL tests, that açai showed an antioxidant activity respectively 2.6 and 1.5 fold higher than patawa. Polyphenolic composition, determined by UPLC/MS(n), would imply the presence of anthocyanins, condensed tannins, stilbenes and phenolic acids, well known for their biological activities. These results present patawa fruit as a new amazonian resource for cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rezaire
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR QUALITROP, campus universitaire de Troubiran, P.O. Box 792, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France
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1818
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Gunathilake KDPP, Yu LJ, Rupasinghe HPV. Reverse osmosis as a potential technique to improve antioxidant properties of fruit juices used for functional beverages. Food Chem 2013; 148:335-41. [PMID: 24262566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) as a potential technique to improve the antioxidant properties of cranberry, blueberry and apple juices was evaluated for the formulation of a functional beverage. The effects of temperature (20-40 °C) and trans-membrane pressure (25-35 bars) on physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of fruit juices were evaluated to optimize the operating parameters for each fruit juice. There was no significant effect on any quality parameters of fruit juices under studied operating parameters of RO. However, total soluble solid, total acidity and colour (a(∗)) of the concentrated juices increased in proportion to their volumetric concentrations. Antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP assay of concentrated apple, blueberry and cranberry juice was increased by 40%, 34%, and 30%, respectively. LDL oxidation inhibition by concentrated blueberry and cranberry juice was increased up to 41% and 45%, respectively. The results suggest that RO can be used for enhancing the health promoting properties of fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D P P Gunathilake
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila 60170, Sri Lanka
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1819
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Tapias V, Cannon JR, Greenamyre JT. Pomegranate juice exacerbates oxidative stress and nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1162-76. [PMID: 24315037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors contribute to the death of substantia nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Compelling evidence implicates mitochondrial deficiency, oxidative stress, and inflammation as important pathogenic factors in PD. Chronic exposure of rats to rotenone causes a PD-like syndrome, in part by causing oxidative damage and inflammation in substantia nigra. Pomegranate juice (PJ) has the greatest composite antioxidant potency index among beverages, and it has been demonstrated to have protective effects in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. The present study was designed to examine the potential neuroprotective effects of PJ in the rotenone model of PD. Oral administration of PJ did not mitigate or prevent experimental PD but instead increased nigrostriatal terminal depletion, DA neuron loss, the inflammatory response, and caspase activation, thereby heightening neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying this effect are uncertain, but the finding that PJ per se enhanced nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and activated caspase-3 expression in nigral DA neurons is consistent with its potential pro-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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1820
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Kalogerakis N, Politi M, Foteinis S, Chatzisymeon E, Mantzavinos D. Recovery of antioxidants from olive mill wastewaters: a viable solution that promotes their overall sustainable management. J Environ Manage 2013; 128:749-758. [PMID: 23851320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are rich in water-soluble polyphenolic compounds that show remarkable antioxidant properties. In this work, the recovery yield of compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, as well as total phenols (TPh) from real OMW was investigated. Antioxidants were recovered by means of liquid-liquid solvent extraction. For this purpose, a laboratory-scale pilot unit was established and the effect of various organic solvents, namely ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and a mixture of chloroform/isopropyl alcohol, on process efficiency was investigated. It was found that the performance of the three extraction systems decreased in the order: ethyl acetate > chloroform/isopropanol > diethyl ether, in terms of their antioxidant recovery yield. It was estimated that treatment of 1 m(3) OMW with ethyl acetate could provide 0.247 kg hydroxytyrosol, 0.062 kg tyrosol and 3.44 kg of TPh. Furthermore, the environmental footprint of the whole liquid-liquid extraction system was estimated by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to provide the best available and most sustainable extraction technique. From an environmental perspective, it was found that ethyl acetate and diethyl ether had similar environmental impacts. Specifically, for the production of 1 g hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol or TPh, 13.3, 53.1 or 0.949 kg CO2 equivalent would be released to the atmosphere, respectively. On the other hand, the chloroform/isopropyl alcohol mixture had detrimental effects onto ecosystems, human health and fossil fuels resources. In total, ethyl acetate yields low environmental impacts and high antioxidant recovery yield and thus it can be considered as the best solution, both from the environmental and technical point of view. Three alternative scenarios to improve the recovery performance and boost the sustainability of the ethyl acetate extraction system were also investigated and their total environmental impacts were estimated. It was found that with small process modifications the environmental impacts could be reduced by 29%, thus achieving a more sustainable antioxidants recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kalogerakis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
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1821
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Medina-Remón A, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Saez GT, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Warnberg J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in a Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:953-959. [PMID: 23332727 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological data have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the risk of cardiovascular disease or overall mortality. A comprehensive estimation of individual polyphenol intake in nutritional cohorts is needed to gain a better understanding of this association. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantitative intake of polyphenols and the major dietary sources in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) cohort using individual food consumption records. METHODS AND RESULTS The PREDIMED study is a large, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled 5-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A total of 7200 participants, aged 55-80 years, completed a validated 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the recently developed Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content in foods. The mean total polyphenol intake was 820 ± 323 mg day⁻¹ (443 ± 218 mg day⁻¹ of flavonoids and 304 ± 156 mg day⁻¹ of phenolic acids). Hydroxycinnamic acids were the phenolic group with the highest consumption and 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most abundantly ingested individual polyphenol. The consumption of olives and olive oil was a differentiating factor in the phenolic profile of this Spanish population compared with other countries. CONCLUSION In Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, the main dietary source of polyphenols is coffee and fruits, but the most important differentiating factor with respect to other countries is the consumption of polyphenols from olives and olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Madrid, Spain; RETICS RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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1822
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Khan HY, Zubair H, Faisal M, Ullah MF, Farhan M, Sarkar FH, Ahmad A, Hadi SM. Plant polyphenol induced cell death in human cancer cells involves mobilization of intracellular copper ions and reactive oxygen species generation: a mechanism for cancer chemopreventive action. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:437-46. [PMID: 24123728 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Anticancer polyphenolic nutraceuticals from fruits, vegetables, and spices are generally recognized as antioxidants, but can be prooxidants in the presence of copper ions. We earlier proposed a mechanism for such activity of polyphenols and now we provide data in multiple cancer cell lines in support of our hypothesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Through multiple assays, we show that polyphenols luteolin, apigenin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and resveratrol are able to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in different cancer cell lines. Such cell death is prevented to a significant extent by cuprous chelator neocuproine and reactive oxygen species scavengers. We also show that normal breast epithelial cells, cultured in a medium supplemented with copper, become sensitized to polyphenol-induced growth inhibition. CONCLUSION Since the concentration of copper is significantly elevated in cancer cells, our results strengthen the idea that an important anticancer mechanism of plant polyphenols is mediated through intracellular copper mobilization and reactive oxygen species generation leading to cancer cell death. Moreover, this prooxidant chemopreventive mechanism appears to be a mechanism common to several polyphenols with diverse chemical structures and explains the preferential cytotoxicity of these compounds toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
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1823
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Medina-Remón A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Arranz S, Ros E, Martínez-González MA, Sacanella E, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Lapetra J, García-Valdueza M, Arós F, Saez GT, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Vinyoles E, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Gazpacho consumption is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced hypertension in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. Cross-sectional study of the PREDIMED trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:944-952. [PMID: 23149074 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries, affecting one-quarter of the world's adult population. Our aim was to evaluate whether the consumption of gazpacho, a Mediterranean vegetable-based cold soup rich in phytochemicals, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and/or reduced prevalence of hypertension in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 3995 individuals (58% women, mean age 67 y) at high cardiovascular risk (81% hypertensive) recruited into the PREDIMED study. BP, weight, and dietary and physical activity data were collected. In multivariate linear regression analyses, after adjustment, moderate and high gazpacho consumption categories were associated with reduced mean systolic BP of -1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.4; -0.6] and -2.6 mm Hg (CI: -4.2; -1.0), respectively, and reduced diastolic BP of -1.5 mm Hg (CI: -2.3; -0.6) and -1.9 mm Hg (CI: -2.8; -1.1). By multiple-adjusted logistic regression analysis, gazpacho consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, with OR = 0.85 (CI: 0.73; 0.99) for each 250 g/week increase and OR = 0.73 (CI: 0.55; 0.98) for high gazpacho consumption groups compared to the no-consumption group. CONCLUSIONS Gazpacho consumption was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP and prevalence of hypertension in a cross-sectional Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. The association between gazpacho intake and reduction of BP is probably due to synergy among several bioactive compounds present in the vegetable ingredients used to make the recipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Medina-Remón
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA. Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER:CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; RETICS RD06/0045, ISCIII, Spain
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1824
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Bansode RR, Randolph P, Ahmedna M, Hurley S, Hanner T, Baxter SAS, Johnston TA, Su M, Holmes BM, Yu J, Williams LL. Bioavailability of polyphenols from peanut skin extract associated with plasma lipid lowering function. Food Chem 2013; 148:24-9. [PMID: 24262521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peanut skin is a rich source of polyphenols including procyanidins and is shown to have hypolipidemic properties. This study investigated the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols using a rat model. First, the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols in rat plasma was evaluated. Our results showed procyanidin A2 levels in plasma peaked within 30 min of ingestion. The results of a second study show that peanut skin extract supplemented in addition to oil gavage resulted in significant decrease in plasma triglyceride and VLDL within 5h. In the third study, rats were given a Western type diet for 5 weeks with peanut skin extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. The main effects observed were lowering of total blood lipid and reduction of the plasma fatty acids profile. Our results suggest that procyanidin A may impart a key role of hypolipidemic effect seen in peanut skin polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishipal R Bansode
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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1825
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Mazur SP, Nes A, Wold AB, Remberg SF, Martinsen BK, Aaby K. Effects of ripeness and cultivar on chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) fruits and their suitability for jam production as a stable product at different storage temperatures. Food Chem 2013; 146:412-22. [PMID: 24176361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effects of ripeness (nearly ripe, ripe, fully ripe) and cultivar ('Blink', 'Polka' and 'Senga Sengana') on colour and chemical composition of strawberry fruits and their suitability for jam production, evaluated as stability during storage at 4 and 20°C for 3 and 6months, were investigated. Quality traits of fruits and jams were significantly affected by both ripeness stage and cultivar. However, after 6months of storage, particularly at 20°C, the effects of fruit ripeness and cultivar were considerably reduced. During jam storage, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, chroma and hue were least stable in jams made from the least ripe fruits. Quality traits in jams made from 'Senga Sengana' were best preserved during storage, while quality and chemical composition in jams made from 'Blink' changed the most. In conclusion, fully ripe fruits were best suited for jam processing. Storage at low temperature was preferable and 'Senga Sengana' was the most and 'Blink' the least suitable cultivar for processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Piotr Mazur
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Arable Crops Division, N-2849 Kapp, Norway; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
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1826
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Babu PVA, Liu D, Gilbert ER. Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1777-89. [PMID: 24029069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are abundant in fruits and vegetables, and increasing evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and disease prevention. Epidemiological, in vitro and animal studies support the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on glucose and lipid homeostasis. It is encouraging that the beneficial effects of some flavonoids are at physiological concentrations and comparable to clinically-used anti-diabetic drugs; however, clinical research in this field and studies on the anti-diabetic effects of flavonoid metabolites are limited. Flavonoids act on various molecular targets and regulate different signaling pathways in pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibers. Flavonoids may exert beneficial effects in diabetes by (i) enhancing insulin secretion and reducing apoptosis and promoting proliferation of pancreatic β-cells; (ii) improving hyperglycemia through regulation of glucose metabolism in hepatocytes; (iii) reducing insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle and fat and (iv) increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. This review highlights recent findings on the anti-diabetic effects of dietary flavonoids, including flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones and isoflavones, with particular emphasis on the studies that investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of the compounds.
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1827
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Han MH, Lee WS, Jung JH, Jeong JH, Park C, Kim HJ, Kim G, Jung JM, Kwon TK, Kim GY, Ryu CH, Shin SC, Hong SC, Choi YH. Polyphenols isolated from Allium cepa L. induces apoptosis by suppressing IAP-1 through inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in human leukemic cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:382-9. [PMID: 24021570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allium cepa Linn is commonly used as supplementary folk remedy for cancer therapy. Evidence suggests that Allium extracts have anti-cancer properties. However, the mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of A. cepa Linn are not fully elucidated in human cancer cells. In this study, we investigated anti-cancer effects of polyphenols extracted from lyophilized A. cepa Linn (PEAL) in human leukemia cells and their mechanisms. PEAL inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. The apoptosis was suppressed by caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors. PEAL also up-regulated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor DR5 and down-regulated survivin and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP-1). We confirmed these findings in other leukemic cells (THP-1, K562 cells). In addition, PEAL suppressed Akt activity and the PEAL-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated in Akt-overexpressing U937 cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that PEAL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in several human leukemic cells including U937 cells. The apoptosis was triggered through extrinsic pathway by up-regulating DR5 modulating as well as through intrinsic pathway by modulating IAP family members. In addition, PEAL induces caspase-dependent apoptosis at least in part through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides evidence that PEAL might be useful for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine and 3Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, South Korea
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1828
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Jard G, Marfaing H, Carrère H, Delgenes JP, Steyer JP, Dumas C. French Brittany macroalgae screening: composition and methane potential for potential alternative sources of energy and products. Bioresour Technol 2013; 144:492-8. [PMID: 23896436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are biomass resources that represent a valuable feedstock to be used entirely for human consumption or for food additives after some extractions (mainly colloids) and/or for energy production. In order to better develop the algal sector, it is important to determine the capacity of macroalgae to produce these added-values molecules for food and/or for energy industries on the basis of their biochemical characteristics. In this study, ten macroalgae obtained from French Brittany coasts (France) were selected. The global biochemical composition (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers), the presence and characteristics of added-values molecules (alginates, polyphenols) and the biochemical methane potential of these algae were determined. Regarding its biochemical composition, Palmaria palmata is interesting for food (rich in nutrients) and for anaerobic digestion (0.279 LCH4/gVS). Saccharina latissima could be used for alginate extraction (242 g/kgTS, ratio between mannuronic and guluronic acid M/G=1.4) and Sargassum muticum for polyphenol extraction (19.8 g/kgTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jard
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Narbonne, France
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1829
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Milenkovic D, Jude B, Morand C. miRNA as molecular target of polyphenols underlying their biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 64:40-51. [PMID: 23751562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet and are widespread constituents of fruits and beverages, such as tea, coffee, and wine. Epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies support a role of polyphenols in the prevention of various chronic diseases. For a long time, their direct antioxidant effect has been reported as the mechanism responsible for the observed health properties. However, recent findings revealed that polyphenols could interact with cellular signaling cascades regulating the activity of transcription factors and consequently affecting the expression of genes. Together with this classical regulatory pathway, polyphenols have been shown to affect the expression of microRNAs (miRNA). miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as development and cancer. Furthermore, expression of miRNAs can be affected by different external stimuli including nutrients such as vitamins, lipids, and phytochemicals. In this paper, we review studies assessing modulation of miRNAs expression by dietary polyphenols that could constitute a new pathway by which these compounds may exert their health effects. Over 100 miRNAs, involved in the control of different cellular processes such as inflammation or apoptosis, were identified as modulated by polyphenols. Most of the studies were performed in vitro using different cell lines, particularly cancer cell lines, and few studies were performed in animals. From all these data, miRNAs appear as interesting mediators in regulating polyphenols' biological effects; however, further studies are needed to validate miRNA targets and particularly in physiologically relevant conditions taking into account the bioavailability of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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1830
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Gong Y, Zhang X, He L, Yan Q, Yuan F, Gao Y. Optimization of subcritical water extraction parameters of antioxidant polyphenols from sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) seed residue. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:1534-42. [PMID: 25745222 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols was extracted with subcritical water from the sea buckthorn seed residue (after oil recovery), and the extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent processing variables were extraction temperature, extraction time and the ratio of water to solid. The optimal extraction parameters for the extracts with highest ABTS radical scavenging activity were 120 °C, 36 min and the water to solid ratio of 20, and the maximize antioxidant capacity value was 32.42 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of total phenolics, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins was 36.62 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, 19.98 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g and 10.76 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Li He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiuli Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
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1831
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Kaur S, Sharma S, Singh B, Dar BN. Effect of extrusion variables (temperature, moisture) on the antinutrient components of cereal brans. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:1670-6. [PMID: 25745239 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was carried out, to explore the potentiality of extrusion technology for elimination of antinutritional components of cereal brans. Extrusion variables were moisture content (14, 17 and 20 %) and temperatures (115 °C, 140 °C, 165 °C). Phytic acid, polyphenols, oxalates, trypsin inhibitor, bulk density and color of brans after extrusion were analyzed. All four raw bran samples had high concentration of phytic acid, polyphenols, oxalates and trypsin inhibitors. Extrusion cooking was found effective in reduction of these antinutritients. Extrusion processing reduced the phytic acid by 54.51 %, polyphenol by 73.38 %, oxalates by 36.84 %, and trypsin inhibitor by 72.39 %. The heat treatment caused the highest reduction in polyphenols followed by trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid and oxalates. The highest reduction in antinutrients was observed at 140 °C and 20 % moisture content. Bulk density increased significantly compared to raw brans and increase in redness and decrease in yellowness of brans was observed after extrusion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - B N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Awantipora, J and k India
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1832
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Wang J, Tang C, Ferruzzi MG, Gong B, Song BJ, Janle EM, Chen TY, Cooper B, Varghese M, Cheng A, Freire D, Bilski A, Roman J, Nguyen T, Ho L, Talcott ST, Simon JE, Wu Q, Pasinetti GM. Role of standardized grape polyphenol preparation as a novel treatment to improve synaptic plasticity through attenuation of features of metabolic syndrome in a mouse model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2091-102. [PMID: 23963661 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic syndrome has become an epidemic and poses tremendous burden on the health system. People with metabolic syndrome are more likely to experience cognitive decline. As obesity and sedentary lifestyles become more common, the development of early prevention strategies is critical. In this study, we explore the potential beneficial effects of a combinatory polyphenol preparation composed of grape seed extract, Concord purple grape juice extract, and resveratrol, referred to as standardized grape polyphenol preparation (SGP), on peripheral as well as brain dysfunction induced by metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS We found dietary fat content had minimal effect on absorption of metabolites of major polyphenols derived from SGP. Using a diet-induced animal model of metabolic syndrome (DIM), we found that brain functional connectivity and synaptic plasticity are compromised in the DIM mice. Treatment with SGP not only prevented peripheral metabolic abnormality but also improved brain synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SGP, comprised of multiple bioavailable and bioactive components targeting a wide range of metabolic syndrome related pathological features, provides greater global protection against peripheral and central nervous system dysfunctions and can be potentially developed as a novel prevention/treatment for improving brain connectivity and synaptic plasticity important for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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1833
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Sharma A, Gupta P, Verma AK. Preliminary nutritional and biological potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus L. shell powder. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:1339-49. [PMID: 25745202 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus shell powder was investigated in terms of its nutritional and biological potential. A thorough examination of shell powder demonstrated its potential as a source of minerals, β carotene and dietary fiber, which were assessed gravimetrically & spectrophotometrically. This showed 3.05 ± 0.19 g 100 g(-1) DW of alkaloids followed by saponins and tannins. Three different extracts; acetone, methanol, & mix solvent were used to evaluate phenolic & flavonoid content, antioxidant & antimicrobial activity, GC/MS screening and quantitative analysis of polyphenols. Among all, the methanol extract showed highest antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH, FRAP & ABTS assays and was significantly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Phenolic & flavonoid content was found to be 158 ± 0.34 mg (GAE) and 10.0 ± 0.64 mg (CE) respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that L. monocytogenes was more susceptible to all extracts followed by other microorganisms. Catechin, ascorbic & chlorogenic acids were identified as major polyphenols analyzed by LC-MS/MS. GC/MS analysis showed that it contains a variety of compounds with different therapeutic activities. The study revealed that A. heterophyllus shell is a good source of natural antioxidants & other bioactive compounds and can be used in cosmetics, medicines and functional food application.
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1834
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Granica S, Krupa K, Kłębowska A, Kiss AK. Development and validation of HPLC-DAD-CAD-MS(3) method for qualitative and quantitative standardization of polyphenols in Agrimoniae eupatoriae herba (Ph. Eur). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:112-22. [PMID: 24001902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) coupled with a diode array, charged aerosol detector or mass spectrometer was developed for the quantitative and qualitative standardization of Agrimoniae eupatoriae herba (Ph. Eur). Twenty four constituents comprising phenolic acids, flavan-3-ol derivatives, ellagitannin and flavonoids were fully or partially identified. Eight of detected compounds were reported from common agrimony for the first time. Fourteen major polyphenols were quantified using validated HPLC method with UV-vis and corona charged detection. Both detectors were shown to be equal for the quantification of selected polyphenols. Some limitations of universal response of corona charged detector for phenolic compounds were discussed. Using obtained data for DAD detector the sum of tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids quantified in examined plant material was determined. Investigated samples contained 8.2-10.9mg/g of flavonoids, 6.3-10.9mg/g of tannins (among which agrimoniin was dominating constituent 2.6-5.4mg/g) and 0.6-0.9mg/g of phenolic acids proving that flavonoids should be considered as second major group of constituents in common agrimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Banacha St. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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1835
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Nguyen NTQ, Ooi L, Piller SC, Münch G. Proenergetic effects of resveratrol in the murine neuronal cell line Neuro2a. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1901-7. [PMID: 23934760 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Energy deficit is a common characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzyme maintaining energy balance by regulating the cellular uptake of glucose, β-oxidation of fatty acids, and expression of glucose transporter 4. Since resveratrol has been shown to increase the activity of AMPK, we hypothesized that it might influence energy metabolism in a model neuron-like cell line, murine Neuro2a cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Resveratrol caused an elevation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in a dose-dependent manner. The highest ATP and GTP levels achieved by treatment with resveratrol were 70.3 ± 8.2 nmol/mg protein (1.9-fold of control) and 27.2 ± 4.0 nmol/mg protein (1.7-fold of control), respectively, when cells were treated with 100 μM resveratrol for 6 h. Interestingly, increases in the total sum of all adenine nucleotides were found upon addition of resveratrol. Despite these increases in ATP, GTP, and the total adenine nucleotide pool, resveratrol treatment led to a decrease in glucose consumption and lactate release, suggesting that resveratrol does not increase energy production (e.g. via AMPK kinase activation) but rather inhibits energy-consuming processes. CONCLUSION Resveratrol increases the levels of ATP and GTP, but without creating an additional glucose demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T Q Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia
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1836
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Muccillo L, Gambuti A, Frusciante L, Iorizzo M, Moio L, Raieta K, Rinaldi A, Colantuoni V, Aversano R. Biochemical features of native red wines and genetic diversity of the corresponding grape varieties from Campania region. Food Chem 2014; 143:506-13. [PMID: 24054274 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Campania region has always been considered one of the most appreciated Italian districts for wine production. Wine distinctiveness arises from their native grapevines. To better define the chemical profile of Campania autochthonous red grape varieties, we analysed the phenolic composition of Aglianico di Taurasi, Aglianico del Vulture, Aglianico del Taburno, Piedirosso wines, and a minor native variety, Lingua di Femmina in comparison with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, as reference cultivars. A genetic profiling was also carried out using microsatellite molecular markers with high polymorphic and unambiguous profiles. Principal component analysis applied to 72 wines based on the 18 biochemical parameters, explained 77.6% of the total variance and highlighted important biological entities providing insightful patterns. Moreover, comparison of SSR-based data with phenylpropanoid molecules exhibited a statistically significant correlation. Our approach might be reasonably adopted for future characterisations and traceability of grapevines and corresponding wines.
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1837
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Tedesco I, Russo M, Bilotto S, Spagnuolo C, Scognamiglio A, Palumbo R, Nappo A, Iacomino G, Moio L, Russo GL. Dealcoholated red wine induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in an osteosarcoma cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:377-84. [PMID: 23933363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the supposed preventive effects of red wine against cardiovascular diseases, the so-called "French Paradox", has been associated to its antioxidant properties. The interest in the anticancer capacity of polyphenols present in red wine strongly increased consequently to the enormous number of studies on resveratrol. In this study, using lyophilized red wine, we present evidence that its anticancer effect in a cellular model is mediated by apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Using a human osteosarcoma cell line, U2Os, we found that the lyophilized red wine was cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect in the range of 100-200 μg/ml equivalents of gallic acid. A mixed phenotype of types I/II cell death was evidenced by means of specific assays following treatment of U2Os with lyophilized red wine, e.g., autophagy and apoptosis. We found that cell death induced by lyophilized red wine proceeded through a mechanism independent from its anti-oxidant activity and involving the inhibition of PI3K/Akt kinase signaling. Considering the relative low concentration of each single bioactive compound in lyophilized red wine, our study suggests the activation of synergistic mechanism able to inhibit growth in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tedesco
- Istituto Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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1838
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Kim HS, Montana V, Jang HJ, Parpura V, Kim JA. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) stimulates autophagy in vascular endothelial cells: a potential role for reducing lipid accumulation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22693-705. [PMID: 23754277 PMCID: PMC3829354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea that has beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Autophagy is a cellular process that protects cells from stressful conditions. To determine whether the beneficial effect of EGCG is mediated by a mechanism involving autophagy, the roles of the EGCG-stimulated autophagy in the context of ectopic lipid accumulation were investigated. Treatment with EGCG increased formation of LC3-II and autophagosomes in primary bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β was required for EGCG-induced LC3-II formation, as evidenced by the fact that EGCG-induced LC3-II formation was significantly impaired by knockdown of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β. This effect is most likely due to cytosolic Ca(2+) load. To determine whether EGCG affects palmitate-induced lipid accumulation, the effects of EGCG on autophagic flux and co-localization of lipid droplets and autophagolysosomes were examined. EGCG normalized the palmitate-induced impairment of autophagic flux. Accumulation of lipid droplets by palmitate was markedly reduced by EGCG. Blocking autophagosomal degradation opposed the effect of EGCG in ectopic lipid accumulation, suggesting the action of EGCG is through autophagosomal degradation. The mechanism for this could be due to the increased co-localization of lipid droplets and autophagolysosomes. Co-localization of lipid droplets with LC3 and lysosome was dramatically increased when the cells were treated with EGCG and palmitate compared with the cells treated with palmitate alone. Collectively, these findings suggest that EGCG regulates ectopic lipid accumulation through a facilitated autophagic flux and further imply that EGCG may be a potential therapeutic reagent to prevent cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Suk Kim
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and
| | - Vedrana Montana
- Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Civitan International Research Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, and
| | - Hyun-Ju Jang
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Civitan International Research Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, and
- the Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jeong-a Kim
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and
- Departments of Molecular Cellular Pathology and
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and
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1839
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Caligiani A, Tonelli L, Palla G, Marseglia A, Rossi D, Bruni R. Looking beyond sugars: phytochemical profiling and standardization of manna exudates from Sicilian Fraxinus excelsior L. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:65-72. [PMID: 23850543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different grades of genuine and counterfeit Fraxinus excelsior exudates, marketed as natural sweeteners or mild laxatives, were evaluated for their proximate composition and for saccharidic, organic acids, lipidic and phenolic profile by means of GC-MS and (1)H NMR. Genuine samples contained mannitol (39-48 g/100 g, according to the grade), fructose (9-16 g/100 g), glucose (2-3.7 g/100 g), sorbitol (0,5-0,6 g/100 g), galactose (0.02-0.74 g/100 g), oligosaccharides as mannotriose (13-22 g/100 g) and stachyose (1-11 g/100 g), and traces of myo-inositol, mannose, sucrose. On the contrary, counterfeit samples contained mostly mannitol and sorbitol, with traces of fructose, glucose and mannose. Differences in ash, total polyphenolic content and fatty acid composition allowed a quick identification of counterfeit products, confirmed by a distinct mono-, oligosaccharidic and phenolic pattern. Elenolic acid (63-1628 mg/kg), tyrosol (15-774 mg/kg), homovanillic acid (2,39-52.8 mg/Kg), dopaol (0.8-63 mg/kg), pinoresinol (4.2-18.5 mg/kg) and fraxetin (0.25-11.64 mg/kg), albeit showing a wide concentration range, were the most abundant substances detected in the phenolic fraction of Fraxinus manna, while esculetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenacetic acid, 3,4 hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxy-pinoresinol, medioresinol and siringaresinol were present in low amounts. The polyphenolic profile may be used as a marker for authentication and should be considered in the evaluation of nutritional and health properties ascribed to Fraxinus manna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Caligiani
- Dip. di Scienze degli Alimenti, LS9 Interlab Group, Viale G. Usberti 17A, 43124, Università di Parma, Italy
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1840
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Jaszewska E, Soin M, Filipek A, Naruszewicz M. UVA-induced ROS generation inhibition by Oenothera paradoxa defatted seeds extract and subsequent cell death in human dermal fibroblasts. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013; 126:42-6. [PMID: 23892189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UVA radiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which react with lipids, proteins and other intracellular molecules leading to oxidative stress, cellular damage and ultimately cell death. There is, therefore, a growing need for substances exhibiting antioxidant activity, which may support repair mechanisms of the skin. This study evaluates the protective effect of the aqueous Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok defatted seeds extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds, against UVA (25 and 50J/cm(2))-induced changes in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The tested extract (0.1-10μg/ml) has decreased, in a concentration-dependent fashion, the UVA-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture medium, the ROS production (with the use of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and lipid peroxidation (utilizing redox reactions with ferrous ions) as compared to the control cells (incubated without the extract). Moreover, the extract increased the number of viable (calcein positive) cells decreasing the number of cells in late apoptosis (annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide positive). Thus our results show that O. paradoxa defatted seeds extract may be beneficial for the prevention of UVA skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Jaszewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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1841
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Jean-Gilles D, Li L, Vaidyanathan VG, King R, Cho B, Worthen DR, Chichester CO, Seeram NP. Inhibitory effects of polyphenol punicalagin on type-II collagen degradation in vitro and inflammation in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:90-9. [PMID: 23830812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage destruction is a crucial process in arthritis and is characterized by the degradation of cartilage proteins, proteoglycans, and type II collagen (CII), which are embedded within the extracellular matrix. While proteoglycan loss can be reversed, the degradation of CII is irreversible and has been correlated with an over-expression and over-activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among the various MMPs, the collagenase MMP-13 possesses the greatest catalytic activity for CII degradation. Here we show that the pomegranate-derived polyphenols, punicalagin (PA) and ellagic acid (EA), inhibit MMP-13-mediated degradation of CII in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance studies and molecular docking simulations suggested multiple binding interactions of PA and EA with CII. The effects of PA on bovine cartilage degradation (stimulated with IL-1β) were investigated by assaying proteoglycan and CII release into cartilage culture media. PA inhibited the degradation of both proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of PA (daily IP delivery at 10 and 50mg/kg for 14days) were tested in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Disease development was assessed by daily measurements of body weight and paw volume (using the water displacement method). PA had no effect on disease development at the lower dose but inhibited paw volume (P<0.05) at the higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Jean-Gilles
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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1842
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Cheng B, Gong H, Xiao H, Petersen RB, Zheng L, Huang K. Inhibiting toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins: a therapeutic strategy for protein misfolding diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4860-71. [PMID: 23820032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deposition of self-assembled amyloidogenic proteins is associated with multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The toxic misfolding and self-assembling of amyloidogenic proteins are believed to underlie protein misfolding diseases. Novel drug candidates targeting self-assembled amyloidogenic proteins represent a potential therapeutic approach for protein misfolding diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this perspective review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in identifying inhibitors that block the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins and the clinical applications thereof. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Compounds such as polyphenols, certain short peptides, and monomer- or oligomer-specific antibodies, can interfere with the self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins, prevent the formation of oligomers, amyloid fibrils and the consequent cytotoxicity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Some inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials for treating protein misfolding diseases. Inhibitors that target the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins bring new hope to therapy for protein misfolding diseases.
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1843
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Tenore GC, Campiglia P, Ritieni A, Novellino E. In vitro bioaccessibility, bioavailability and plasma protein interaction of polyphenols from Annurca apple (M. pumila Miller cv Annurca). Food Chem 2013; 141:3519-24. [PMID: 23993515 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro bioaccessibility, bioavailability and plasma protein interaction of polyphenols from Annurca apple and other conventional cultivars were evaluated. Salivary digestion concentrated into the medium 27-35% of native apple polyphenols, suggesting the potential bioavailability through the oral mucosal epithelium of significant amounts of bioactive compounds that could be gastric sensitive and/or poorly absorbed in the intestine. Annurca flesh revealed the highest content and provided the best intestinal bioaccessibility and bioavailability of oligomeric procyanidins among all of the apple peel and flesh tested. Since 49.4% of native procyanidins were not absorbed, they are expected to accumulate in the intestinal lumen where a potential inhibition capacity of cellular cholesterol uptake could be assumed. The permeated procyanidins (6.7% of their native pattern, 12.0% of intestinal procyanidins) significantly bound (58.7%) to plasma HDLs, suggesting a major role in cholesterol metabolism. Our results would indicate Annurca apple and its potential nutraceuticals as effective in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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1844
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, de Alvarenga JF, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Bioactive compounds present in the Mediterranean sofrito. Food Chem 2013; 141:3365-72. [PMID: 23993494 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sofrito is a key component of the Mediterranean diet, a diet that is strongly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, different Mediterranean sofritos were analysed for their content of polyphenols and carotenoids after a suitable work-up extraction procedure using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS-MS). In this way, 40 polyphenols (simple phenolic and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids, and flavone, flavonol and dihydrochalcone derivatives) were identified with very good mass accuracy (<2 mDa), and confirmed by accurate mass measurements in MS and MS(2) modes. The high-resolution MS analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols never previously reported in Mediterranean sofrito. The quantification levels of phenolic and carotenoid compounds led to the distinction of features among different Mediterranean sofritos according to the type of vegetables (garlic and onions) or olive oil added for their production.
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1845
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Sun B, Ross SM, Trask OJ, Carmichael PL, Dent M, White A, Andersen ME, Clewell RA. Assessing dose-dependent differences in DNA-damage, p53 response and genotoxicity for quercetin and curcumin. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1877-87. [PMID: 23764886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of a longer-term goal to create a quantitative mechanistic model of the p53-Mdm2 DNA-damage pathway, we are studying cellular responses to compounds causing DNA-damage by various modes-of action, including two natural polyphenols: quercetin (QUE) and curcumin (CUR). QUE and CUR are weak mutagens in some in vitro assays and possess both anti- or pro-oxidant effects depending on dose. This study examines the dose-response of DNA-damage pathway to these compounds in HT1080 cells (a human cell line with wild-type p53) at doses relevant to human exposure. CUR was more potent in causing reactive oxygen species, DNA damage (measured as phospho-H2AX) and p53 induction, with lowest observed effect levels (LOELs; 3-8 μM) approximately three-fold lower than QUE (20-30 μM). CUR showed a strong G2/M arrest and apoptosis at ≈ 10 μM. QUE caused S phase arrest at low doses (8 μM) and apoptosis was only induced at much higher doses (60 μM). At concentrations with similar levels of p-H2AX and p53 biomarkers, CUR caused greater micronuclei frequency. CUR induced clear increases micronuclei at 3-6 μM, while QUE had a weaker micronuclei response even at the highest doses. Thus, even with two compounds sharing common chemistries, DNA-damage response patterns differed significantly in terms of dose and cell fate.
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1846
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Arola-Arnal A, Oms-Oliu G, Crescenti A, del Bas JM, Ras MR, Arola L, Caimari A. Distribution of grape seed flavanols and their metabolites in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1741-52. [PMID: 23728968 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Polyphenols have been demonstrated to provide health benefits affecting cellular and physiological processes. This study aims to evaluate the bioavailability and distribution of grape seed flavanol compounds during pregnancy and whether fetuses could be exposed to these compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS The distribution of flavanols and their metabolites in rat plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, brain, amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetuses after 1 and 2 h of an acute intake of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract was examined by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. Flavanols and their metabolites were widely distributed in both pregnant and nonpregnant rat plasma and tissues. In liver, the conjugated forms of flavanols were less available in pregnant than nonpregnant rats. Flavanol metabolites were abundant in maternal placenta but detected at low levels in fetuses and amniotic fluid. CONCLUSION Flavanol metabolization appears to be less active in the liver during pregnancy. Moreover, data indicated that transport across the placenta is not efficient and for flavanols and their metabolites, the placenta seems to act as a barrier. However, these compounds target the fetus and are excreted in the amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arola-Arnal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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1847
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Kornspan JD, Ginsburg I, Rottem S. The oxidant scavenging capacity of the oral Mycoplasma salivarium. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1378-84. [PMID: 23735812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycoplasma salivarium is a human oral potential pathogen that preferentially resides in dental plaques and gingival sulci. It has been suggested that this organism may play an etiological role in inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The aim of this work was to determine whether M. salivarium possesses a potent oxidant scavenging capacity (OSC). DESIGN The OSC of M. salivarium was quantified by a highly sensitive luminal-dependent chemiluminescence assay in the presence of cocktails that induced a constant flux of luminescence resulting from the generation of peroxide, hydroxyl radical (cocktail A) and NO, superoxide and peroxynitrites (cocktail B). RESULTS M. salivarium markedly reduced oxidative stress by scavenging both free reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The OSC of M. salivarium was much higher than that of other Mycoplasma species. Most of M. salivarium OSC was confined to the cytosolic fraction and was markedly increased in the presence of tannic acid, red blood cells or mucin. The cytosolic OSC of M. salivarium was heat stable and not affected by sodium azide or prolonged proteolysis. However, it was markedly decreased upon dialysis, suggesting that the major reducing activity is not enzymatic but rather, a low molecular weight compound(s). CONCLUSIONS The ability of M. salivarium to scavenge oxidants may play a role in the survival and pathogenicity of this microorganism. The enhanced OSC of M. salivarium in the presence of tannic acid, red blood cells or mucin might have a significant importance to assess complex interactions with polyphenols from nutrients, salivary proteins and red blood cells extravasated from injured capillaries during infection and inflammation in oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kornspan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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1848
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Wuytack T, AbdElgawad H, Staelens J, Asard H, Boeckx P, Verheyen K, Samson R. The response of the foliar antioxidant system and stable isotopes (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) of white willow to low-level air pollution. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 67:154-161. [PMID: 23562799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to determine and elucidate the effect of ambient air pollution on the foliar antioxidant system and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of white willow (Salix alba L.). We grew white willow in uniform potting soil in the near vicinity of sixteen air quality monitoring stations in Belgium where nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter concentrations were continuously measured. The trees were exposed to ambient air during six months (April-September 2011), and, thereafter, the degree of lipid peroxidation and foliar content of antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, glutathione, polyphenols, flavonoids), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase) and foliar stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) isotopes were measured. We found that lipid peroxidation was caused by air pollution stress, arising from high ambient NO2 concentrations, as shown by an increased amount of malondialdehyde. The antioxidant system was activated by increasing the amount of polyphenols at monitoring stations with a high atmospheric NO2 and low O3 concentration, while no increase of key enzymes (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione) was observed. The δ(13)C also decreased with increasing NO2 concentrations and decreasing O3 concentrations, probably reflecting a decreased net photosynthesis and/or a concomitant decrease of (13)CO2 in the atmosphere. Shade also influenced foliar δ(13)C and the content of leaf ascorbate and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wuytack
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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1849
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Wang ZJ, Ohnaka K, Morita M, Toyomura K, Kono S, Ueki T, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Maekawa T, Yasunami Y, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Terasaka R. Dietary polyphenols and colorectal cancer risk: The Fukuoka colorectal cancer study. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2683-2690. [PMID: 23674876 PMCID: PMC3645387 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the associations between dietary intake of polyphenols and colorectal cancer.
METHODS: The study subjects were derived from the Fukuoka colorectal cancer study, a community-based case-control study. The study subjects were 816 cases of colorectal cancer and 815 community-based controls. The consumption of 148 food items was assessed by a computer-assisted interview. We used the consumption of 97 food items to estimate dietary intakes of total, tea and coffee polyphenols. The Phenol-Explorer database was used for 92 food items. Of the 5 foods which were not listed in the Phenol-Explorer Database, polyphenol contents of 3 foods (sweet potatoes, satoimo and daikon) were based on a Japanese study and 2 foods (soybeans and fried potatoes) were estimated by ORAC-based polyphenol contents in the United States Department of Agriculture Database. Odds ratios (OR) and 95%CI of colorectal cancer risk according to quintile categories of intake were obtained by using logistic regression models with adjustment for age, sex, residential area, parental history of colorectal cancer, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index 10 years before, type of job, leisure-time physical activity and dietary intakes of calcium and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
RESULTS: There was no measurable difference in total or tea polyphenol intake between cases and controls, but intake of coffee polyphenols was lower in cases than in controls. The multivariate-adjusted OR of colorectal cancer according to quintile categories of coffee polyphenols (from the first to top quintile) were 1.00 (referent), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.60-1.10), 0.65 (95%CI: 0.47-0.89), 0.65 (95%CI: 0.46-0.89) and 0.82 (95%CI: 0.60-1.10), respectively (Ptrend = 0.07). Similar, but less pronounced, decreases in the OR were also noted for the third and fourth quintiles of total polyphenol intake. Tea polyphenols and non-coffee polyphenols showed no association with colorectal cancer risk. The site-specific analysis, based on 463 colon cancer cases and 340 rectal cancer cases, showed an inverse association between coffee polyphenols and colon cancer. The multivariate-adjusted OR of colon cancer for the first to top quintiles of coffee polyphenols were 1.00 (referent), 0.92 (95%CI: 0.64-1.31), 0.75 (95%CI: 0.52-1.08), 0.69 (95%CI: 0.47-1.01), and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.46-1.00), respectively (Ptrend = 0.02). Distal colon cancer showed a more evident inverse association with coffee polyphenols than proximal colon cancer. The association between coffee polyphenols and rectal cancer risk was U-shaped, with significant decreases in the OR at the second to fourth quintile categories. There was also a tendency that the OR of colon and rectal cancer decreased in the intermediate categories of total polyphenols. The decrease in the OR in the intermediate categories of total polyphenols was most pronounced for distal colon cancer. Intake of tea polyphenols was not associated with either colon or rectal cancer. The associations of coffee consumption with colorectal, colon and rectal cancers were almost the same as observed for coffee polyphenols. The trend of the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest a decreased risk of colorectal cancer associated with coffee consumption.
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1850
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Shrikanta A, Kumar A, Govindaswamy V. Resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:383-90. [PMID: 25593373 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits such as Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Mulberry (Morus rubra) were investigated keeping Grape (Vitis vinifera) as a reference. Ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) extracts of different parts of fruit samples including skin, pulp and seeds were analyzed by HPLC and MS for the quantification of resveratrol. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were also investigated. Among the samples analyzed, mulberry fruit (whole) showed highest resveratrol content (50.61 μg g(-1) dry weight) followed by jamun seed (34.87 μg g(-1) dry weight), jamun pulp (13.70 μg g(-1) dry weight) and skin of jamun (11.19 μg g(-1) dry weight). Jamun seed extract exhibited the highest polyphenol content (55.54 mg gallic acid equivalent g(-1) dry weight) and highest antioxidant property (IC50 value-0.40 mg ml(-1)). The results suggest that underutilized fruits high in resveratrol and other polyphenols can be used as functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Shrikanta
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - Anbarasu Kumar
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 Karnataka India
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