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Lamela-Gómez I, Gonçalves LM, Almeida AJ, Luzardo-Álvarez A. Infliximab microencapsulation: an innovative approach for intra-articular administration of biologics in the management of rheumatoid arthritis-in vitro evaluation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:3030-3058. [PMID: 37294425 PMCID: PMC10624745 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of the therapeutical monoclonal antibody infliximab (INF) was investigated as an innovative approach to improve its stability and to achieve formulations with convenient features for intra-articular administration. Ultrasonic atomization (UA), a novel alternative to microencapsulate labile drugs, was compared with the conventional emulsion/evaporation method (Em/Ev) using biodegradable polymers, specifically Polyactive® 1000PEOT70PBT30 [poly(ethylene-oxide-terephthalate)/poly(butylene-terephthalate); PEOT-PBT] and its polymeric blends with poly-(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) RG502 and RG503 (PEOT-PBT:PLGA; 65:35). Six different formulations of spherical core-shell microcapsules were successfully developed and characterized. The UA method achieved a significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (69.7-80.25%) than Em/Ev (17.3-23.0%). Mean particle size, strongly determined by the microencapsulation method and to a lesser extent by polymeric composition, ranged from 26.6 to 49.9 µm for UA and 1.5-2.1 µm for Em/Ev. All formulations demonstrated sustained INF release in vitro for up to 24 days, with release rates modulated by polymeric composition and microencapsulation technique. Both methods preserved INF biological activity, with microencapsulated INF showing higher efficacy than commercial formulations at comparable doses regarding bioactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) neutralization according to WEHI-13VAR bioassay. Microparticles' biocompatibility and extensive internalization by THP-1-derived macrophages was demonstrated. Furthermore, high in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was achieved after treatment of THP-1 cells with INF-loaded microcapsules, significatively reducing in vitro production of TNF-α and interleucine-6 (Il-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Lamela-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lídia M Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2
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Chen S, Li R, Chen Y, Chou CK, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Liao P, Wang Q, Chen X. Scutellarin enhances anti-tumor immune responses by reducing TNFR2-expressing CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113187. [PMID: 35676787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One characteristic of tumor-associated CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is the high expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFR2), a receptor that mediates the decisive effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the activation and expansion of Tregs. There is increasing evidence that inhibition of TNFR2 can enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, we screened Chinese herbal extracts for their capacity to block TNF-TNFR2 interaction. The results showed that the treatment with a Chinese herb extract could inhibit TNFR2-induced biological responses in vitro, including the proliferation of TNFR2+ Tregs. Our subsequent study led to the identification of flavonoid compound scutellarin was responsible for the activity. Our results showed that scutellarin is able to disrupt the interaction of TNF-TNFR2 and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, a down-stream signaling component of TNFR2. Importantly, in vivo scutellarin treatment markedly enhanced the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in mouse CT26 colon cancer model. This effect of scutellarin was associated with the reduction of the number of tumor-infiltrating TNFR2-expressing Tregs and increased tumor infiltration of interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Our result also suggests that scutellarin or its analogs may be used as an adjuvant to enhance the anti-tumor effect of immunotherapeutic agent by eliminating TNFR2+ Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokui Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Yibo Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Chon-Kit Chou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Zhexuan Zhang
- College of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China.
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3
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Bloomingdale P, Meregalli C, Pollard K, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Fumagalli G, Monza L, Pozzi E, Alberti P, Ballarini E, Oggioni N, Carlson L, Liu W, Ghandili M, Ignatowski TA, Lee KP, Moore MJ, Cavaletti G, Mager DE. Systems Pharmacology Modeling Identifies a Novel Treatment Strategy for Bortezomib-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817236. [PMID: 35126148 PMCID: PMC8809372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity is a common dose-limiting side effect of several cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and no effective therapies exist. Here we constructed a systems pharmacology model of intracellular signaling in peripheral neurons to identify novel drug targets for preventing peripheral neuropathy associated with proteasome inhibitors. Model predictions suggested the combinatorial inhibition of TNFα, NMDA receptors, and reactive oxygen species should prevent proteasome inhibitor-induced neuronal apoptosis. Dexanabinol, an inhibitor of all three targets, partially restored bortezomib-induced reduction of proximal action potential amplitude and distal nerve conduction velocity in vitro and prevented bortezomib-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats, including a partial recovery of intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Dexanabinol failed to restore bortezomib-induced decreases in electrophysiological endpoints in rats, and it did not compromise bortezomib anti-cancer effects in U266 multiple myeloma cells and a murine xenograft model. Owing to its favorable safety profile in humans and preclinical efficacy, dexanabinol might represent a treatment option for bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bloomingdale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Kevin Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Louise Carlson
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mehrnoosh Ghandili
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tracey A. Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Cavaletti, ; Donald E. Mager,
| | - Donald E. Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Enhanced Pharmacodynamics, LLC, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Guido Cavaletti, ; Donald E. Mager,
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Wadhwa M, Bird C, Atkinson E, Cludts I, Rigsby P. The First WHO International Standard for Adalimumab: Dual Role in Bioactivity and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636420. [PMID: 33936049 PMCID: PMC8082443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded availability of adalimumab products continues to widen patient access and reduce costs with substantial benefit to healthcare systems. However, the long-term success of these medicines is highly dependent on maintaining consistency in quality, safety and efficacy while minimizing any risk of divergence during life-cycle management. In recognition of this need and demand from global manufacturers, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological standardization established the WHO 1st International standard (IS) for Adalimumab (coded 17/236) in October 2019 with a defined unitage ascribed to each of the individual bioactivities evaluated in the study namely, TNF-α binding, TNF-α neutralization, complement dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. For development of the IS, two candidate standards were manufactured as per WHO recommendations. Analysis of extensive datasets generated by testing of a common set of samples including the candidate standards by multiple stakeholders including regulatory agencies using their own qualified assays in a large international collaborative study showed comparable biological activity for the tested candidates for the different activities. Use of a common standard significantly decreased the variability of bioassays and improved agreement in potency estimates. Data from this study clearly supports the utility of the IS as an important tool for assuring analytical assay performance, for bioassay calibration and validation, for identifying and controlling changes in bioactivity during life-cycle management and for global harmonization of adalimumab products. In addition, in a separate multi-center study which included involvement of hospital and clinical diagnostic laboratories, the suitability of the adalimumab IS for therapeutic drug monitoring assays was examined by analysis of data from testing of a common blind coded panel of adalimumab spiked serum samples representative of the clinical scenario along with the IS and in-house standards in diverse immunoassays/platforms. Both commercially available and in-house assays that are routinely used for assessing adalimumab trough levels were included. Excellent agreement in estimates for adalimumab content in the spiked samples was observed regardless of the standard or the method with inter-laboratory variability also similar regardless of the standard employed. This data, for the first time, provides support for the extended applicability of the IS in assays in use for therapeutic drug monitoring based on the mass content of the IS. The adalimumab IS, in fulfilling clinical demand, can help toward standardizing and harmonizing clinical monitoring assays for informed clinical decisions and/or personalized treatment strategies for better patient outcomes. Collectively, a significant role for the adalimumab IS in assuring the quality, safety and efficacy of adalimumab products globally is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Wadhwa
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bird
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Cludts
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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5
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Volova LT, Pugachev EI, Rossinskaya VV, Boltovskaya VV, Dolgushkin DA, Ossina N. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Applicability of Ready-to-Use Human Cartilaginous Cells for Screening of Compounds with TNF-Alpha Inhibitory Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111563. [PMID: 33212930 PMCID: PMC7698400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of modern drug discovery, there is an obvious advantage to designing phenotypic bioassays based on human disease-relevant cells that express disease-relevant markers. The specific aim of the study was to develop a convenient and reliable method for screening compounds with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitory activity. This assay was developed using cryopreserved ready-to-use cartilage-derived cells isolated from juvenile donors diagnosed with polydactyly. It has been demonstrated that all donor (10 donors) cells were able to respond to TNF-α treatment by increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 into subcultural medium. Inhibition of TNF-α using commercially available TNF-α inhibitor etanercept resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IL-6 production which was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). TNF-α dependent IL-6 production was detected in the cells after both their prolonged cultivation in vitro (≥20 passages) and cryopreservation. This phenotypic bioassay based on ready-to-use primary human cells was developed for detection of novel TNF-α inhibitory compounds and profiling of biosimilar drugs.
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6
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Checco JW, Eddinger GA, Rettko NJ, Chartier AR, Gellman SH. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Trimer Disassembly and Inactivation via Peptide-Small Molecule Synergy. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2116-2124. [PMID: 32662976 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is associated with inflammatory diseases that can be treated with engineered proteins that inhibit binding of this cytokine to cell-surface receptors. Despite these clinical successes, there is considerable interest in the development of smaller antagonists of TNFα-receptor interactions. We describe a new 29-residue α/β-peptide, a molecule that contains three β-amino acid residues and three α-aminoisobutryic acid (Aib) residues, that displays potent inhibition of TNFα binding to TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) and rescues cells from TNFα-induced death. The complement of nonproteinogenic residues renders this α/β-peptide highly resistant to proteolysis, relative to all-α analogues. The mechanism of inhibitory action of the new 29-mer involves disruption of the trimeric TNFα quaternary structure, which prevents productive binding to TNFα receptors. Unexpectedly, we discovered that peptide-induced trimer disruption can be promoted by structurally diverse small molecules, including a detergent commonly used during selection procedures. The discovery of this synergistic effect provides a new context for understanding previous reports on peptidic antagonists of TNFα-receptor interactions and suggests new avenues for future efforts to block signaling via proteins with an active form that is oligomeric, including other members of the TNFα family.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Geoffrey A. Eddinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rettko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexander R. Chartier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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7
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LaMacchia ZM, Spengler RN, Jaffari M, Abidi AH, Ahmed T, Singh N, Tobinick EL, Ignatowski TA. Perispinal injection of a TNF blocker directed to the brain of rats alleviates the sensory and affective components of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:93-105. [PMID: 31376497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is chronic pain that follows nerve injury, mediated in the brain by elevated levels of the inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). We have shown that peripheral nerve injury increases TNF in the hippocampus/pain perception region, which regulates neuropathic pain symptoms. In this study we assessed pain sensation and perception subsequent to specific targeting of brain-TNF (via TNF antibody) administered through a novel subcutaneous perispinal route. Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via chronic constriction injury (CCI), and thermal hyperalgesia was monitored for 10 days post-surgery. On day 8 following CCI and sensory pain behavior testing, rats were randomized to receive perispinal injection of TNF antibody or control IgG isotype antibody. Pain perception was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) to the analgesic, amitriptyline. CCI-rats receiving the perispinal injection of TNF antibody had significantly decreased CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia the following day, and did not form an amitriptyline-induced CPP, whereas CCI-rats receiving perispinal IgG antibody experienced pain alleviation only in conjunction with i.p. amitriptyline and did form an amitriptyline-induced CPP. The specific targeting of brain TNF via perispinal delivery alleviates thermal hyperalgesia and positively influences the affective component of pain. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents a novel route of drug administration to target central TNF for treatment of neuropathic pain. Targeting central TNF through perispinal drug delivery could potentially be a more efficient and sustained method to treat patients with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach M LaMacchia
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Jaffari
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Asif H Abidi
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | | | - Tracey A Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA; Program for Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
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8
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Metcalfe C, Dougall T, Bird C, Rigsby P, Behr-Gross ME, Wadhwa M, Study POT. The first World Health Organization International Standard for infliximab products: A step towards maintaining harmonized biological activity. MAbs 2018; 11:13-25. [PMID: 30395763 PMCID: PMC6343779 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1532766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increase in the number of infliximab products, the need for global harmonization of the bioactivity of this monoclonal antibody was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). In response, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) developed the first international standard (IS) for infliximab, which targets tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Each ampoule is assigned values of 500 IU of TNF neutralizing activity and 500 IU of binding activity. Two preparations of infliximab were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC prior to evaluation in a collaborative study for their suitability to serve as an IS for the in vitro biological activity of infliximab. The study involved participants using in vitro cell-based bioassays (TNF neutralization, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity) and binding assays. The results of this study showed that the candidate preparation, coded 16/170, is suitable as an IS for infliximab bioactivity. This infliximab IS from NIBSC, is intended to support in vitro bioassay calibration and validation by defining international units of bioactivity. The proposed unitages, however, are not intended to revise product labelling or dosing requirements, as any decisions regarding this relies solely with the regulatory authorities. Furthermore, the infliximab IS is not intended for determining the specific activity of products, nor to serve any regulatory role in defining biosimilarity. We briefly discuss the future use of WHO international standards in supporting the global harmonisation of biosimilar infliximab products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Metcalfe
- a Division of Biotherapeutics , National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) , South Mimms , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire , UK
| | - Thomas Dougall
- b Division of Technology Development and Infrastructure , National Institute for Biological Standards and Control , South Mimms , UK
| | - Chris Bird
- a Division of Biotherapeutics , National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) , South Mimms , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire , UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- b Division of Technology Development and Infrastructure , National Institute for Biological Standards and Control , South Mimms , UK
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Behr-Gross
- c Department of Biological Standardisation , OMCL Network & HealthCare (DBO), European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM) , Strasbourg , France
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- a Division of Biotherapeutics , National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) , South Mimms , Potters Bar, Hertfordshire , UK
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9
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Siemian JN, LaMacchia ZM, Spreuer V, Tian J, Ignatowski TA, Paez PM, Zhang Y, Li JX. The imidazoline I 2 receptor agonist 2-BFI attenuates hypersensitivity and spinal neuroinflammation in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:260-268. [PMID: 29366977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a large, unmet public health problem. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of neuroinflammation in the establishment and maintenance of chronic pain. However, pharmacotherapies that reduce neuroinflammation have not been successfully developed to treat chronic pain thus far. Several preclinical studies have established imidazoline I2 receptor (I2R) agonists as novel candidates for chronic pain therapies, and while some I2R ligands appear to modulate neuroinflammation in certain scenarios, whether they exert anti-neuroinflammatory effects in models of chronic pain is unknown. This study examined the effects of the prototypical I2R agonist 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (2-BFI) on hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI), a neuropathic pain model in rats. In CCI rats, twice-daily treatment with 10 mg/kg 2-BFI for seven days consistently increased mechanical and thermal nociception thresholds, reduced GFAP and Iba-1 levels in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and reduced levels of TNF-α relative to saline treatment. These results were recapitulated in primary mouse cortical astrocyte cultures. Incubation with 2-BFI attenuated GFAP expression and supernatant TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated cultures. These results suggest that I2R agonists such as 2-BFI may reduce neuroinflammation which may partially account for their antinociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Siemian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zach M LaMacchia
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vilma Spreuer
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tracey A Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pablo M Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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10
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Voronina EV, Seregin YA, Litvinova NA, Shvets VI, Shukurov RR. Design of a stable cell line producing a recombinant monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody based on a CHO cell line. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1584. [PMID: 27652157 PMCID: PMC5025404 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against tumor necrosis factor alpha are widely used in the biopharmaceutical therapy of autoimmune diseases. Currently, a large number of drugs based on these antibodies are available. Accordingly, the development of these products for the Russian market is an important goal. The aim of the current study is to describe the development of one such technology. CHO-DG44-derived cell lines producing mAb were developed using two strategies, one based on individual clones and the other based on cell pools. To obtain recombinant cell lines with highly amplified genes of interest, the clones underwent dihydrofolate reductase-mediated gene amplification. Using the best strategy for the selection and amplification of mAb-producing clones, we achieved the production of more than 1 g/L in small scale, non-optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Voronina
- PHARMAPARK LLC, Bldg. 1, 8 Nauchny proezd, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Y A Seregin
- PHARMAPARK LLC, Bldg. 1, 8 Nauchny proezd, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N A Litvinova
- PHARMAPARK LLC, Bldg. 1, 8 Nauchny proezd, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V I Shvets
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - R R Shukurov
- PHARMAPARK LLC, Bldg. 1, 8 Nauchny proezd, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Gerard E, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Mahajan SD, Davidson BA, Ding H, Kumar R, Prasad PN, Knight PR, Ignatowski TA. Chronic constriction injury-induced nociception is relieved by nanomedicine-mediated decrease of rat hippocampal tumor necrosis factor. Pain 2015; 156:1320-1333. [PMID: 25851457 PMCID: PMC4474806 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain syndrome that arises from nerve injury. Current treatments only offer limited relief, clearly indicating the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. Previously, we demonstrated that proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a key mediator of neuropathic pain pathogenesis; TNF is elevated at sites of neuronal injury, in the spinal cord, and supraspinally during the initial development of pain. The inhibition of TNF action along pain pathways outside higher brain centers results in transient decreases in pain perception. The objective of this study was to determine whether specific blockade of TNF in the hippocampus, a site of pain integration, could prove efficacious in reducing sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced pain behavior. Small inhibitory RNA directed against TNF mRNA was complexed to gold nanorods (GNR-TNF siRNA; TNF nanoplexes) and injected into the contralateral hippocampus of rats 4 days after unilateral CCI. Withdrawal latencies to a noxious thermal stimulus (hyperalgesia) and withdrawal to innocuous forces (allodynia) were recorded up to 10 days and compared with baseline values and sham-operated rats. Thermal hyperalgesia was dramatically decreased in CCI rats receiving hippocampal TNF nanoplexes; and mechanical allodynia was transiently relieved. TNF levels (bioactive protein, TNF immunoreactivity) in hippocampal tissue were decreased. The observation that TNF nanoplex injection into the hippocampus alleviated neuropathic pain-like behavior advances our previous findings that hippocampal TNF levels modulate pain perception. These data provide evidence that targeting TNF in the brain using nanoparticle-protected siRNA may be an effective strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gerard
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | | | - Adela C. Bonoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Bruce A. Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System
| | - Hong Ding
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Paul R. Knight
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Tracey A. Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Program for Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
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12
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Lian W, Upadhyaya P, Rhodes CA, Liu Y, Pei D. Screening bicyclic peptide libraries for protein-protein interaction inhibitors: discovery of a tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11990-5. [PMID: 23865589 PMCID: PMC3856571 DOI: 10.1021/ja405106u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions represent a new class of exciting but challenging drug targets, because their large, flat binding sites lack well-defined pockets for small molecules to bind. We report here a methodology for chemical synthesis and screening of large combinatorial libraries of bicyclic peptides displayed on rigid small-molecule scaffolds. With planar trimesic acid as the scaffold, the resulting bicyclic peptides are effective for binding to protein surfaces such as the interfaces of protein-protein interactions. Screening of a bicyclic peptide library against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) identified a potent antagonist that inhibits the TNFα-TNFα receptor interaction and protects cells from TNFα-induced cell death. Bicyclic peptides of this type may provide a general solution for inhibition of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Lian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Punit Upadhyaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curran A. Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Martuscello RT, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Davidson BA, Helinski J, Ding H, Mahajan S, Kumar R, Bergey EJ, Knight PR, Prasad PN, Ignatowski TA. Increasing TNF levels solely in the rat hippocampus produces persistent pain-like symptoms. Pain 2012; 153:1871-1882. [PMID: 22770843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The manifestation of chronic, neuropathic pain includes elevated levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Previously, we have shown that the hippocampus, an area of the brain most notable for its role in learning and memory formation, plays a fundamental role in pain sensation. Using an animal model of peripheral neuropathic pain, we have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of a TNF antibody adjacent to the hippocampus completely alleviated pain. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular infusion of rTNF adjacent to the hippocampus induced pain behavior in naïve animals similar to that expressed during a model of neuropathic pain. These data support our premise that enhanced production of hippocampal-TNF is integral in pain sensation. In the present study, TNF gene expression was induced exclusively in the hippocampus, eliciting increased local bioactive TNF levels, and animals were assessed for pain behaviors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received stereotaxic injection of gold nanorod (GNR)-complexed cDNA (control or TNF) plasmids (nanoplasmidexes), and pain responses (i.e., thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) were measured. Animals receiving hippocampal microinjection of TNF nanoplasmidexes developed thermal hyperalgesia bilaterally. Sensitivity to mechanical stimulation also developed bilaterally in the rat hind paws. In support of these behavioral findings, immunoreactive staining for TNF, bioactive levels of TNF, and levels of TNF mRNA per polymerase chain reaction analysis were assessed in several brain regions and found to be increased only in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that the specific elevation of TNF in the hippocampus is not a consequence of pain, but in fact induces these behaviors/symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA NanoAxis, LLC, Amherst, New York, USA Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Program for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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14
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Turner DA, Paszek P, Woodcock DJ, Nelson DE, Horton CA, Wang Y, Spiller DG, Rand DA, White MRH, Harper CV. Physiological levels of TNFalpha stimulation induce stochastic dynamics of NF-kappaB responses in single living cells. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2834-43. [PMID: 20663918 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.069641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling is activated by cellular stress and inflammation and regulates cytokine expression. We applied single-cell imaging to investigate dynamic responses to different doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Lower doses activated fewer cells and those responding showed an increasingly variable delay in the initial NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and associated IkappaBalpha degradation. Robust 100 minute nuclear:cytoplasmic NF-kappaB oscillations were observed over a wide range of TNFalpha concentrations. The result is supported by computational analyses, which identified a limit cycle in the system with a stable 100 minute period over a range of stimuli, and indicated no co-operativity in the pathway activation. These results suggest that a stochastic threshold controls functional all-or-nothing responses in individual cells. Deterministic and stochastic models simulated the experimentally observed activation threshold and gave rise to new predictions about the structure of the system and open the way for better mechanistic understanding of physiological TNFalpha activation of inflammatory responses in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Turner
- Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Guinea-Viniegra J, Zenz R, Scheuch H, Hnisz D, Holcmann M, Bakiri L, Schonthaler HB, Sibilia M, Wagner EF. TNFalpha shedding and epidermal inflammation are controlled by Jun proteins. Genes Dev 2009; 23:2663-74. [PMID: 19933155 DOI: 10.1101/gad.543109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inducible epidermal deletion of JunB and c-Jun in adult mice causes a psoriasis-like inflammatory skin disease. Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha play a major role in this phenotype. Here we define the underlying molecular mechanism using genetic mouse models. We show that Jun proteins control TNFalpha shedding in the epidermis by direct transcriptional activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), an inhibitor of the TNFalpha-converting enzyme (TACE). TIMP-3 is down-regulated and TACE activity is specifically increased, leading to massive, cell-autonomous TNFalpha shedding upon loss of both JunB and c-Jun. Consequently, a prominent TNFalpha-dependent cytokine cascade is initiated in the epidermis, inducing severe skin inflammation and perinatal death of newborns from exhaustion of energy reservoirs such as glycogen and lipids. Importantly, this metabolic "cachectic" phenotype can be genetically rescued in a TNFR1-deficient background or by epidermis-specific re-expression of TIMP-3. These findings reveal that Jun proteins are essential physiological regulators of TNFalpha shedding by controlling the TIMP-3/TACE pathway. This novel mechanism describing how Jun proteins control skin inflammation offers potential targets for the treatment of skin pathologies associated with increased TNFalpha levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guinea-Viniegra
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones, Oncológicas (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Kurahashi K, Sawa T, Ota M, Kajikawa O, Hong K, Martin TR, Wiener-Kronish JP. Depletion of phagocytes in the reticuloendothelial system causes increased inflammation and mortality in rabbits with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L198-209. [PMID: 19028978 PMCID: PMC2643994 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90472.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system are important in clearing systemic infection; however, the role of the reticuloendothelial system in the response to localized infection is not well-documented. The major goals of this study were to investigate the roles of phagocytes in the reticuloendothelial system in terms of bacterial clearance and inflammatory modulation in sepsis caused by Pseudomonas pneumonia. Macrophages in liver and spleen were depleted by administering liposome encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (clodronate) intravenously 36 h before the instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the lungs of anesthetized rabbits. Blood samples were analyzed for bacteria and cytokine concentrations. Lung injury was assessed by the bidirectional flux of albumin and by wet-to-dry weight ratios. Blood pressure and cardiac outputs decreased more rapidly and bacteremia occurred earlier in the clodronate-treated rabbits compared with the nondepleted rabbits. Plasma TNF-alpha (1.08 +/- 0.54 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) and IL-8 (6.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 0.0 +/- 0.0 ng/ml) were higher in the depleted rabbits. The concentration of IL-10 in liver of the macrophage-depleted rabbits was significantly lower than in normal rabbits at 5 h. Treatment of macrophage-depleted rabbits with intravenous IL-10 reduced plasma proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and reduced the decline in blood pressure and cardiac output. These results show that macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system have critical roles in controlling systemic bacteremia and reducing systemic inflammation, thereby limiting the systemic effects of a severe pulmonary bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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17
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Ilmakunnas M, Tukiainen EM, Rouhiainen A, Rauvala H, Arola J, Nordin A, Mäkisalo H, Höckerstedt K, Isoniemi H. High mobility group box 1 protein as a marker of hepatocellular injury in human liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008; 14:1517-25. [PMID: 18825712 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a cytokine actively secreted by phagocytes and passively released from necrotic cells, is an inflammatory mediator in experimental hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. We characterized its expression in human liver transplantation. In 20 patients, in addition to systemic samples, blood was drawn from portal and hepatic veins during and after reperfusion to assess changes within the graft. Plasma HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured, and HMGB1 immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsies taken before and after reperfusion. Plasma HMGB1 was undetectable before reperfusion, and levels in systemic circulation peaked after graft reperfusion. At portal declamping, HMGB1 levels were substantially higher in the caval effluent [188 (80-371) ng/mL] than in portal venous blood [0 (0-3) ng/mL, P < 0.001]. HMGB1 release from the graft continued thereafter. HMGB1 levels were not related to TNF-alpha or IL-6 levels. HMGB1 expression was up-regulated in biopsies taken after reperfusion (P = 0.020), with intense hepatocyte and weak neutrophil staining. HMGB1 levels in hepatic venous blood correlated with graft steatosis (r = 0.497, P = 0.03) and peak postoperative alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.588, P = 0.008). Our results indicate that HMGB1 originates from the graft and is a marker of hepatocellular injury in human liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Ilmakunnas
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Song MY, Park SK, Kim CS, Yoo TH, Kim B, Kim MS, Kim YS, Kwag WJ, Lee BK, Baek K. Characterization of a novel anti-human TNF-alpha murine monoclonal antibody with high binding affinity and neutralizing activity. Exp Mol Med 2008; 40:35-42. [PMID: 18305396 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop an anti-human TNF-alpha mAb, mice were immunized with recombinant human TNF-alpha. A murine mAb, TSK114, which showed the highest binding activity for human TNF-alpha was selected and characterized. TSK114 specifically bound to human TNF-alpha without cross-reactivity with the homologous murine TNF-alpha and human TNF-beta. TSK114 was found to be of IgG1 isotype with kappa light chain. The nucleotide sequences of the variable regions of TSK114 heavy and light chains were determined and analyzed for the usage of gene families for the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments. Kinetic analysis of TSK114 binding to human TNF-alpha by surface plasmon resonance technique revealed a binding affinity (K(D)) of approximately 5.3 pM, which is about 1,000- and 100-fold higher than those of clinically relevant infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira) mAbs, respectively. TSK114 neutralized human TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity in proportion to the concentration, exhibiting about 4-fold greater efficiency than those of infliximab and adalimumab in WEHI 164 cells used as an in vitro model system. These results suggest that TSK114 has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibody with picomolar affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Young Song
- Biotech Laboratory, Yuhan Research Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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19
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Sud R, Spengler RN, Nader ND, Ignatowski TA. Antinociception occurs with a reversal in alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes/macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:217-31. [PMID: 18514187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) plays a role in neuropathic pain. During neuropathic pain development in the chronic constriction injury model, elevated TNF levels in the brain occur in association with enhanced alpha 2-adrenoceptor inhibition of norepinephrine release. alpha 2-Adrenoceptors are also located on peripheral macrophage where they normally function as pro-inflammatory, since they increase the production of the cytokine TNF, a proximal mediator of inflammation. How the central increase in TNF affects peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptor function was investigated. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats had four loose ligatures placed around the right sciatic nerve. Thermal hyperalgesia was determined by comparing hind paw withdrawal latencies between chronic constriction injury and sham-operated rats. Chronic constriction injury increased TNF immunoreactivity at the lesion and the hippocampus. Amitriptyline, an antidepressant that is used as an analgesic, was intraperitoneally administered (10 mg/kg) starting simultaneous with ligature placement (day-0) or at days-4 or -6 post-surgery. Amitriptyline treatment initiated at day-0 or day-4 post-ligature placement alleviated hyperalgesia. When initiated at day-0, amitriptyline prevented increased TNF immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and at the lesion. A peripheral inflammatory response, macrophage production of TNF, was also assessed in the current study. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of TNF by whole blood cells and peritoneal macrophages was determined following activation of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor in vitro. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production from peripheral immune-effector cells reversed from potentiation in controls to inhibition in chronic constriction injured rats. This effect is accelerated with amitriptyline treatment initiated at day-0 or day-4 post-ligature placement. Amitriptyline treatment initiated day-6 post-ligature placement did not alleviate hyperalgesia and prevented the switch from potentiation to inhibition in alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production. Recombinant rat TNF i.c.v. microinfusion reproduces the response of peripheral macrophages from rats with chronic constriction injury. A reversal in peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production from pro- to anti-inflammatory is associated with effective alleviation of thermal hyperalgesia. Thus, alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of peripheral TNF production may serve as a potential biomarker to evaluate therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeteka Sud
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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20
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Kim MS, Lee SH, Song MY, Yoo TH, Lee BK, Kim YS. Comparative analyses of complex formation and binding sites between human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its three antagonists elucidate their different neutralizing mechanisms. J Mol Biol 2007; 374:1374-88. [PMID: 17996896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-blocking therapy, using biologic TNFalpha antagonists, has been approved for the treatment of several diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's disease. There have been few detailed studies of binding characterizations for the complex formation by TNFalpha and clinically relevant antagonists, particularly Infliximab (Remicade) and Etanercept (Enbrel). Here we characterized the binding stoichiometry and size of soluble TNFalpha-antagonist complexes and identified energetically important binding sites on TNFalpha for the three antagonists, Etanercept, Infliximab, and the recently developed humanized TNFalpha neutralizing monoclonal antibody, YHB1411-2. Size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the three antagonists formed distinct thermodynamically stable TNFalpha-antagonist complexes that exhibited differences in their size and composition. Energetically important binding residues on TNFalpha were identified for each antagonist by a sequence of experiments that consisted of competition binding assays, fragmentations, loop mutations, and single-point mutations using yeast surface-displayed TNFalpha, which was further confirmed for solubly purified TNFalpha mutants by surface plasmon resonance technique. Analyses of the binding geometry based on binding site location, spatial constraints, and valency satisfaction allowed us to interpret the thermodynamically stable complexes as follows: one molecule of Etanercept and one molecule of trimeric TNFalpha (Etanercept1-TNFalpha1), Infliximab6-TNFalpha3, and YHB1411-2(4)-TNFalpha2. The distinct features of the soluble antagonist-TNFalpha complex formation among the antagonists may give further insights into their different neutralizing mechanisms and pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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21
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Zalevsky J, Secher T, Ezhevsky SA, Janot L, Steed PM, O'Brien C, Eivazi A, Kung J, Nguyen DHT, Doberstein SK, Erard F, Ryffel B, Szymkowski DE. Dominant-negative inhibitors of soluble TNF attenuate experimental arthritis without suppressing innate immunity to infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1872-83. [PMID: 17641054 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine required for normal development and function of the immune system; however, TNF overexpression also induces inflammation and is associated with autoimmune diseases. TNF exists as both a soluble and a transmembrane protein. Genetic studies in mice have suggested that inflammation in disease models involves soluble TNF (solTNF) and that maintenance of innate immune function involves transmembrane TNF (tmTNF). These findings imply that selective pharmacologic inhibition of solTNF may be anti-inflammatory and yet preserve innate immunity to infection. To address this hypothesis, we now describe dominant-negative inhibitors of TNF (DN-TNFs) as a new class of biologics that selectively inhibits solTNF. DN-TNFs blocked solTNF activity in human and mouse cells, a human blood cytokine release assay, and two mouse arthritis models. In contrast, DN-TNFs neither inhibited the activity of human or mouse tmTNF nor suppressed innate immunity to Listeria infection in mice. These results establish DN-TNFs as the first selective inhibitors of solTNF, demonstrate that inflammation in mouse arthritis models is primarily driven by solTNF, and suggest that the maintenance of tmTNF activity may improve the therapeutic index of future anti-inflammatory agents.
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22
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Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Gallant S, Spengler RN. Amitriptyline administration transforms tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of norepinephrine release in the brain. Brain Res 2004; 1023:112-20. [PMID: 15364025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the mixed action antidepressant drug amitriptyline enhances norepinephrine (NE) release by transforming the nature of the response of neurons to both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) as well as to an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist in an area of the central nervous system (CNS) rich in adrenergic neurons. Administration of the antidepressant drug amitriptyline for 1 day or 14 days to rats significantly increases TNF bioactivity in total homogenates of the locus coeruleus (LC) and the hippocampus as assessed by the WEHI-13VAR bioassay. Superfusion and electrical field stimulation of rat hippocampal brain slices were used to study the regulation of NE release. Exposure to TNF, as well as activation of the alpha(2)-adrenergic autoreceptor inhibits stimulation-evoked norepinephrine (NE) release from adrenergic neurons of the CNS from naïve rats. Superfusion of hippocampal slices isolated from rats chronically (14 days) administered amitriptyline demonstrates that TNF inhibition of NE release is transformed, such that TNF facilitates NE release, dependent upon alpha(2)-adrenergic activation. Furthermore, chronic administration of amitriptyline increases stimulation-evoked NE release and decreases alpha(2)-adrenergic autoreceptor inhibition of NE release, an effect not observed with acute drug administration. These data support the hypothesis that chronic antidepressant drug administration, through regulation of TNF expression, transforms alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors such that they function to facilitate NE release, suggesting a mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Reynolds
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 206 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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TLR4 signaling is essential for survival in acute lung injury induced by virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreting type III secretory toxins. Respir Res 2004; 5:1. [PMID: 15040820 PMCID: PMC389879 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of the cytotoxic phenotype of P. aeruginosa expressing type III secretory toxins and an immunocompromised condition lacking normal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and sepsis were evaluated in a mouse model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. By using lipopolysaccharide-resistant C3H/HeJ mice missing normal TLR4 signaling due to a mutation on the tlr4 gene, we evaluated how TLR4 signaling modulates the pneumonia caused by cytotoxic P. aeruginosa expressing type III secretory toxins. Methods We infected C3H/HeJ or C3H/FeJ mice with three different doses of either a cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain (wild type PA103) or its non-cytotoxic isogenic mutant missing the type III secretory toxins (PA103ΔUT). Survival of the infected mice was evaluated, and the severity of acute lung injury quantified by measuring alveolar epithelial permeability as an index of acute epithelial injury and the water to dry weight ratios of lung homogenates as an index of lung edema. Bacteriological analysis and cytokine assays were performed in the infected mice. Results Development of acute lung injury and sepsis was observed in all mouse strains when the cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain but not the non-cytotoxic strain was instilled in the airspaces of the mice. Only C3H/HeJ mice had severe bacteremia and high mortality when a low dose of the cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain was instilled in their lungs. Conclusion The cytotoxic phenotype of P. aeruginosa is the critical factor causing acute lung injury and sepsis in infected hosts. When the P. aeruginosa is a cytotoxic strain, the TLR4 signaling system is essential to clear the batcteria to prevent lethal lung injury and bacteremia.
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Lin SL, Le TX, Cowen DS. SptP, a Salmonella typhimurium type III-secreted protein, inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by inhibiting Raf activation. Cell Microbiol 2003; 5:267-75. [PMID: 12675684 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.t01-1-00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella has developed ways to modulate host cellular response in order to survive. Although the steps required for such modulation have been incompletely characterized, there is increasing evidence for a role for SptP, a type III secretion protein. In part, the actions of SptP are thought to be mediated through its reported inhibition of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) MAP kinase pathway. In the present studies, a series of transfections were performed in which various constitutively activated components of the MAP kinase pathway were co-transfected with SptP in order to determine the mechanism by which SptP inhibits this MAP kinase activation. SptP was found to inhibit the activation of ERK stimulated by both a constitutively active form of Ras and a partially activated form of Raf-1 containing a phospho-mimetic mutation (Raf Y340D). In contrast, the activation of ERK by constitutively active forms of MAP kinase kinase (MEK) was not inhibited, suggesting that the actions of SptP were mediated by Raf-1. In order to determine how SptP might interfere with activation of Raf, we utilized a membrane-localized form of Raf. Constitutive membrane-localization of Raf (RafCAAX), resulting in partial activation, did not prevent inhibition by SptP. However, introduction of an additional, partially activating (Y340D) phospho-mimetic mutation, to RafCAAX, dramatically reduced the ability of SptP to inhibit Raf action. Comparison of SptP mutants, lacking either GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity or tyrosine phosphatase activity, further suggested that SptP inhibits both the membrane localization and subsequent phosphorylation required for activation of Raf. Both tyrosine phosphatase activity and GAP activity were responsible for SptP inhibition of Raf(Y340D)-induced ERK activation, but only GAP activity was responsible for inhibition of the membrane localized forms of Raf-1. To assess the biological significance of SptP, we examined tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induction following Salmonella infection. SptP gene deletion enhanced the capacity of Salmonella to induce TNF-alpha secretion following infection of J774A.1 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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25
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Šošić D, Richardson JA, Yu K, Ornitz DM, Olson EN. Twist regulates cytokine gene expression through a negative feedback loop that represses NF-kappaB activity. Cell 2003; 112:169-80. [PMID: 12553906 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During Drosophila embryogenesis, the dorsal transcription factor activates the expression of twist, a transcription factor required for mesoderm formation. We show here that the mammalian twist proteins, twist-1 and -2, are induced by a cytokine signaling pathway that requires the dorsal-related protein RelA, a member of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. Twist-1 and -2 repress cytokine gene expression through interaction with RelA. Mice homozygous for a twist-2 null allele or doubly heterozygous for twist-1 and -2 alleles show elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in perinatal death from cachexia. These findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved signaling circuit in which twist proteins regulate cytokine signaling by establishing a negative feedback loop that represses the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Šošić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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26
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Gold MC, Munks MW, Wagner M, Koszinowski UH, Hill AB, Fling SP. The murine cytomegalovirus immunomodulatory gene m152 prevents recognition of infected cells by M45-specific CTL but does not alter the immunodominance of the M45-specific CD8 T cell response in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:359-65. [PMID: 12077265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although in vitro studies have shown that herpesviruses, including murine CMV (MCMV), encode genes that interfere with the MHC class I pathway, their effects on the CTL response in vivo is unclear. We identified a D(b)-restricted CTL epitope from MCMV M45 by screening an MCMV genomic library using CTL clones isolated from mice infected with MCMV lacking m152. Because m152 severely inhibits CTL recognition of M45 in vitro, we questioned whether an M45-specific response would be generated in mice infected with wild-type MCMV expressing m152. Mice infected with wild-type MCMV or MCMVDelta(m)152 made similar responses to the M45 Ag. Moreover, we saw no skewing of the proportion of M45-specific CD8 T cells within the total MCMV-specific response after infection with MCMV with m152. Despite the profound effect m152 has on presentation of M45 in vitro, it does not affect the immunodominance of M45 in the CTL response in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Separation
- Clone Cells
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Immediate-Early Proteins/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muromegalovirus/genetics
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- Muromegalovirus/physiology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Ribonucleotide Reductases/immunology
- Ribonucleotide Reductases/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Viral Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C Gold
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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27
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Renauld AE, Spengler RN. Tumor necrosis factor expressed by primary hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells is regulated by alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor activation. J Neurosci Res 2002; 67:264-74. [PMID: 11782970 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuron expression of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and the regulation of the levels of TNF by alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor activation were investigated. Adult rat hippocampal neurons and phorbol ester (PMA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were examined. Intracellular levels of TNF mRNA accumulation, as well as TNF protein and that released into the supernatant were quantified by in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and bioanalysis, respectively. Both neuron cultures demonstrated constitutive production of TNF. Activation of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor increased intracellular levels of TNF mRNA and protein in SH-SY5Y cells after addition of graded concentrations of the selective agonist, Brimonidine (UK-14304) to parallel cultures. Intracellular levels of mRNA were increased in a concentration-dependent fashion within 15 min of UK-14304 addition and were sustained during 24 hr of receptor activation. In addition, the levels of TNF in the supernatant were increased in both types of neuron cultures within 15 min of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor activation. Furthermore, levels of TNF significantly increased in the supernatants of both neuron cultures after potassium-induced depolarization. A reduction in this depolarization-induced release occurred in hippocampal neuron cultures after exposure to the sympathomimetic tyramine with media replacement to deplete endogenous catecholamines. This finding reveals a role for endogenous catecholamines in the regulation of TNF production. Potassium-induced depolarization resulted in the release of TNF in hippocampal neuron cultures within 15 min but not until 24 hr in SH-SY5Y cultures demonstrating a temporally mediated event dependent upon cell type. Neuron expression of TNF, regulated by alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor activation demonstrates not only how a neuron controls its own production of this pleiotropic cytokine, but also displays a normal role for neurons in directing the many functions of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Renauld
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
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28
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Shime N, Sawa T, Fujimoto J, Faure K, Allmond LR, Karaca T, Swanson BL, Spack EG, Wiener-Kronish JP. Therapeutic administration of anti-PcrV F(ab')(2) in sepsis associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5880-6. [PMID: 11698464 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.10.5880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of rabbit-derived polyclonal Ab against PcrV, a protein involved in the translocation of type III secreted toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was investigated in two animal models of P. aeruginosa sepsis. In a mouse survival study, the i.v. administration of anti-PcrV IgG after the airspace instillation of a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa resulted in the complete survival of the animals. In a rabbit model of septic shock associated with Pseudomonas-induced lung injury, animals treated with anti-PcrV IgG intratracheally or i.v. had significant decreases in lung injury, bacteremia, and plasma TNF-alpha and significant improvement in the hemodynamic parameters associated with shock compared with animals treated in a similar manner with nonspecific control IgG. The administration of anti-PcrV F(ab')(2) showed protective effects comparable to those of whole anti-PcrV IgG. These results document that the therapeutic administration of anti-PcrV IgG blocks the type III secretion system-mediated virulence of P. aeruginosa and prevents septic shock and death, and that these protective effects are largely Fc independent. We conclude that Ab therapy neutralizing the type III secretion system has significant potential against lethal P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shime
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Somia NV, Schmitt MJ, Vetter DE, Van Antwerp D, Heinemann SF, Verma IM. LFG: an anti-apoptotic gene that provides protection from Fas-mediated cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:12667-72. [PMID: 10535980 PMCID: PMC23041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death regulates a number of biological phenomena, and the apoptotic signal must itself be tightly controlled to avoid inappropriate cell death. We established a genetic screen to search for molecules that inhibit the apoptotic signal from the Fas receptor. Here we report the isolation of a gene, LFG, that protects cells uniquely from Fas but not from the mechanistically related tumor necrosis factor alpha death signal. LFG is widely distributed, but remarkably is highly expressed in the hippocampus. LFG can bind to the Fas receptor, but does not regulate Fas expression or interfere with binding of an agonist antibody. Furthermore LFG does not inhibit binding of FADD to Fas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Somia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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30
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Ignatowski TA, Covey WC, Knight PR, Severin CM, Nickola TJ, Spengler RN. Brain-derived TNFalpha mediates neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1999; 841:70-7. [PMID: 10546989 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state that develops a central component following acute nerve injury. However, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the expression of this central component are not completely understood. We have investigated the role of brain-associated TNF in the evolution of hyperalgesia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Thermal nociceptive threshold has been assessed in rats (male, Sprague-Dawley) that have undergone loose, chromic gut ligature placement around the sciatic nerve. Total levels of TNF in regions of the brain, spinal cord and plasma have been assayed (WEHI-13VAR bioassay). Bioactive TNF levels are elevated in the hippocampus. During the period of injury, hippocampal noradrenergic neurotransmission demonstrates a decrease in stimulated norepinephrine (NE) release, concomitant with elevated hippocampal TNF levels. Continuous intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinfusion of TNF-antibodies (Abs) starting at four days, but not six days, following ligature placement completely abolishes the hyperalgesic response characteristic of this model, as assessed by the 58 degrees C hot-plate test. Antibody infusion does not decrease spinal cord or plasma levels of TNF. Continuous i.c.v. microinfusion of rrTNF alpha exacerbates the hyperalgesic response by ligatured animals, and induces a hyperalgesic response in animals not receiving ligatures. Likewise, field-stimulated hippocampal adrenergic neurotransmission is decreased upon continuous i.c.v. microinfusion of TNF. These results indicate an important role of brain-derived TNF, both in the pathology of neuropathic pain, as well as in fundamental pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA
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31
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Al-Humidan A, Edwards CK, Al-Sofi A, Dzimiri M, Al-Sedairy ST, Khabar KS. A carbocyclic nucleoside analogue is a TNF-alpha inhibitor with immunosuppressive action: role of prostaglandin E2 and protein kinase C and comparison with pentoxifylline. Cell Immunol 1998; 188:12-8. [PMID: 9743553 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with several acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. New therapies directed at inhibiting TNF-alpha will be important in treating pathological processes mediated by TNF-alpha. In this study, we studied and compared the effect of the carbocyclic nucleoside analogue (9-[(1R, 3R)-trans-cyclopentan-3-ol] adenine) with pentoxifylline on modulating TNF-alpha production. The carbocyclic nucleoside analogue inhibited TNF-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner (1 microM-1 mM) by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell lines of both monocyte (THP-1) and T-lymphocyte phenotypes (CEM x 174). The drug potently inhibited TNF production in cells stimulated by endotoxin, the superantigen (staphylococci enterotoxin A), the mitogen (phytohemagglutinin), and the protein kinase C activator (phorbol myristate acetate) with ED50 ranging from 5 to 30 microM. At moderate concentrations, the carbocyclic nucleoside analogue inhibited superantigen (ED50 = 300 microM) and alloantigen (mixed lymphocyte reaction) T cell proliferative responses (ED50 = 150 microM). The involvement of protein kinase C and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mediators that regulate TNF-alpha production, was also investigated. Unlike PTX, the nucleoside analogue did not upregulate PGE2 production. The inhibition of TNF-alpha production appeared to be mediated at least partly by PKC, since the nucleoside analogue caused suppression of PKC activity in stimulated cells. The results show that the carbocyclic nucleoside analogue is a TNF-alpha inhibitor that may be appropriate in the therapy of TNF-alpha-associated complications. The suppressive properties of the carbocyclic nucleoside analogue on antigen and alloantigen (mixed lymphocyte reaction) responses may be appropriate in disease conditions in which inhibiting both TNF-alpha and T-cell reactivity is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Humidan
- Interferon and Cytokine Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Grell M, Wajant H, Zimmermann G, Scheurich P. The type 1 receptor (CD120a) is the high-affinity receptor for soluble tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:570-5. [PMID: 9435233 PMCID: PMC18461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.2.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can induce a variety of cellular responses at low picomolar concentrations. This is in apparent conflict with the published dissociation constants for TNF binding to TNF receptors in the order of 100-500 pM. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the outstanding cellular sensitivity to TNF, we determined the binding characteristics of TNF to both human TNF receptors at 37 degrees C. Calculation of the dissociation constant (Kd) from the association and dissociation rate constants determined at 37 degrees C revealed a remarkable high affinity for TNF binding to the 60-kDa TNF type 1 receptor (TNF-R1; Kd = 1.9 x 10(-11) M) and a significantly lower affinity for the 80-kDa TNF type 2 receptor (TNF-R2; Kd = 4.2 x 10(-10) M). The high affinity determined for TNF-R1 is mainly caused by the marked stability of ligand-receptor complexes in contrast to the transient interaction of soluble TNF with TNF-R2. These data can readily explain the predominant role of TNF-R1 in induction of cellular responses by soluble TNF and suggest the stability of the TNF-TNF receptor complexes as a rationale for their differential signaling capability. In accordance with this reasoning, the lower signaling capability of homotrimeric lymphotoxin, compared with TNF, correlates with a lower stability of the lymphotoxin-TNF-R1 complex at 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grell
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.
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Khabar KS, Dzimiri M, Parhar RS, Siddiqui S, Einspenner M, Al-Humaidan A, Al-Sediary ST. Pentoxifylline (PTX) selectively potentiates cyclosporine (CsA)-mediated suppression of cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity. Median-effect analysis for the drug dose reductions in PTX and CsA combination treatment. Transplantation 1996; 61:838-41. [PMID: 8607194 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199603150-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Khabar
- Laboratories of Interferon and Cytokine Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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