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Xu Y, Tian C, Ma J, Li J, Zhang G. Grain transportation and consumption reshapes the α-HCH exposure picture of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172254. [PMID: 38583609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Socio-economic activities like food trade can increase the uncertainty of human risk of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). We compared the change in model predicted α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) cancer risk (CR) with and without grain trade in mainland China. In scenario without grain logistics, α-HCH moved fast away from southern and southeastern China via northward atmospheric transport. However, the grain logistics from northeastern China delivers the α-HCH previously accumulated in northeastern sink back to densely populated areas in recent years, which enhance CR by >50 % in the southern seaboard of China. The northward movement of grain production center and recent grain deficiency in southern provinces induced by dietary pattern changes is identified as the major driving factors of the reversed transport of α-HCH. The finding highlights the potential of socio-economic activities that can otherwise offset the risk reduction effect of the geochemical cycle of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Amato S, Ramsey J, Ahern TP, Rovnak J, Barlow J, Weaver D, Eyasu L, Singh R, Cintolo-Gonzalez J. Exploring the presence of bovine leukemia virus among breast cancer tumors in a rural state. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:325-334. [PMID: 37517027 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that causes malignant lymphoma and lymphosarcomas in cattle globally and has high prevalence among large scale U.S. dairy herds. Associations between presence of BLV DNA in human mammary tissue and human breast cancer incidence have been reported. We sought to estimate the prevalence of BLV DNA in breast cancer tissue samples in a rural state with an active dairy industry. METHODS We purified genomic DNA from 56 fresh-frozen breast cancer tissue samples (51 tumor samples, 5 samples representing adjacent normal breast tissue) banked between 2016 and 2019. Using nested PCR assays, multiple BLV tax sequence primers and primers for the long terminal repeat (LTR) were used to detect BLV DNA in tissue samples and known positive control samples, including the permanently infected fetal lamb kidney cell line (FLK-BLV) and blood from BLV positive cattle. RESULTS The median age of patients from which samples were obtained at the time of treatment was 60 (40-93) and all were female. Ninety percent of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma. The majority were poorly differentiated (60%). On PCR assay, none of the tumor samples tested positive for BLV DNA, despite having consistent signals in positive controls. CONCLUSION We did not find BLV DNA in fresh-frozen breast cancer tumors from patients presenting to a hospital in Vermont. Our findings suggest a low prevalence of BLV in our patient population and a need to reevaluate the association between BLV and human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stas Amato
- Department of General Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jon Ramsey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas P Ahern
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Donald Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lud Eyasu
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jessica Cintolo-Gonzalez
- Department of General Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave., B227, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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3
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Peivasteh-roudsari L, Barzegar-bafrouei R, Sharifi KA, Azimisalim S, Karami M, Abedinzadeh S, Asadinezhad S, Tajdar-oranj B, Mahdavi V, Alizadeh AM, Sadighara P, Ferrante M, Conti GO, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18140. [PMID: 37539203 PMCID: PMC10395372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shamimeh Azimisalim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Karami
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Abedinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asadinezhad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-oranj
- Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Zheng W, Zhao H, Liu Q, Crabbe MJC, Qu W. Spatial-temporal distribution, cancer risk, and disease burden attributed to the dietary dioxins exposure of Chinese residents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154851. [PMID: 35351502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the characteristics of dioxins represented by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) as well as dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in food from China. The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of dioxins dietary intake, cancer risk, and disease burden were evaluated among the Chinese population. In the temporal dimension, descending trends in animal-origin-food were found both in dietary intake PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, with the reverse for plant-origin-food. The probability assessments of dietary intakes showed that after 2007, the exposure level of PCDD/Fs through diets of urban and rural residents in China was significantly lower than that before 2007 (p < 0.05). The spatial distribution results showed that the southern coastal regions were high exposure regions of dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. Cancer risk and disease burden of dietary dioxins showed downward trends after 2007 both under an average exposure scenario and an extreme exposure scenario. After 2007, the disease burden resulting from exposure to dl-PCBs became higher and approached the median of values reported by the WHO, while the disease burden resulting from exposure to PCDD/Fs approached the lower level of 95% CI reported by the WHO. The results indicate that accompanying the National Implementation Plan and a series of subsequent scientific guidance documents launched for reducing dioxins pollution in 2007, the health benefits and the health risks caused by dl-PCBs should be given further attention and evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Castellani F, Manzoli L, Martellucci CA, Flacco ME, Astolfi ML, Fabiani L, Mastrantonio R, Avino P, Protano C, Vitali M. Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Free-Range Hen Eggs in Central Italy and Estimated Human Dietary Exposure. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1455-1462. [PMID: 33852724 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination levels of some classes of persistent organic pollutants in free-range hen eggs and to estimate the related human dietary exposure in a site of national interest, characterized by a serious state of environmental pollution in the Bussi sul Tirino area in central Italy. For these purposes, 17 samples of free-range hen eggs collected in home-producing farms located in the site of national interest territory were analyzed for 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs). Dietary exposure was assessed assuming a standard consumption of eggs per week. The concentration of ∑PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs ranged from 0.463 to 8.028 pg toxic equivalent g-1 fat, whereas the mean contamination level of the ∑ndl-PCBs ranged from 0.234 to 7.741 ng toxic equivalent g-1 fat. PCDD/Fs and PCBs contamination levels were lower than maximum values established by the Commission Regulation (European Union) 1259/2011, except for one sample. The estimated weekly intake, calculated to evaluate the contribution in terms of the monitored pollutants of the locally produced eggs to the diet, was lower than the tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- F Castellani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
| | - L Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
| | - C Acuti Martellucci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
| | - M E Flacco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
| | - M L Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - C Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
| | - M Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara (FE), Italy
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García F, Barbería E, Torralba P, Landin I, Laguna C, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Decreasing temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in adipose tissue from residents near a hazardous waste incinerator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141844. [PMID: 32861949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are very toxic chemicals which are emitted in waste incineration and whose exposure has important adverse effects for the human health. In 2019, adipose tissue samples were collected from 15 individuals with a median age of 61 years, who had been living near a hazardous waste incinerator in Constantí (Spain). The content of PCDD/Fs in each sample was analyzed. The results were compared with data from previous studies, conducted before (1998) and after (2002, 2007 and 2013) the facility started to operate, and based on populations of similar age. In 2019, the mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in adipose tissue was 6.63 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat, ranging from 0.95 to 12.95 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat. A significant reduction was observed with respect to the baseline study (1998), when a mean PCDD/Fs concentration of 40.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was found. Moreover, the current level was much lower than those observed in the 3 previous studies (9.89, 14.6 and 11.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat in 2002, 2007 and 2013, respectively). The body burdens of PCDD/Fs were strongly correlated with age. The significant reduction of PCDD/Fs levels in adipose tissue fully agreed with the decreasing trend of the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by the population of the zone (from 210.1 pg I-TEQ/day in 2018 to 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ/day in 2018). Furthermore, a similar decrease has been also observed in other biological, such as breast milk and plasma. The current data in adipose tissue, as well as those in other biological monitors, indicate that the population living near the HWI is not particularly exposed to high levels of PCDD/Fs. However, biomonitoring studies cannot differentiate the impact of the HWI emissions from food consumption patterns. This question can be only solved by conducting complementary investigations and contrasting the results of monitoring and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eneko Barbería
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Torralba
- Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inés Landin
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Laguna
- Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Tu YJ, Premachandra GS, Boyd SA, Sallach JB, Li H, Teppen BJ, Johnston CT. Synthesis and evaluation of Fe 3O 4-impregnated activated carbon for dioxin removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128263. [PMID: 33297207 PMCID: PMC7733032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/PCDFs) are highly toxic organic pollutants in soils and sediments which persist over timescales that extend from decades to centuries. There is a growing need to develop effective technologies for remediating PCDD/Fs-contaminated soils and sediments to protect human and ecosystem health. The use of sorbent amendments to sequester PCDD/Fs has emerged as one promising technology. A synthesis method is described here to create a magnetic activated carbon composite (AC-Fe3O4) for dioxin removal and sampling that could be recovered from soils using magnetic separation. Six AC-Fe3O4 composites were evaluated (five granular ACs (GACs) and one fine-textured powder AC(PAC)) for their magnetization and ability to sequester dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD). Both GAC/PAC and GAC/PAC-Fe3O4 composites effectively removed DD from aqueous solution. The sorption affinity of DD for GAC-Fe3O4 was slightly reduced compared to GAC alone, which is attributed to the blocking of sorption sites. The magnetization of a GAC-Fe3O4 composite reached 5.38 emu/g based on SQUID results, allowing the adsorbent to be easily separated from aqueous solution using an external magnetic field. Similarly, a fine-textured PAC-Fe3O4 composite was synthesized with a magnetization of 9.3 emu/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, 200234, China
| | | | - Stephen A Boyd
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - J Brett Sallach
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brian J Teppen
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cliff T Johnston
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 550 Stadium Mall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Jones RR, VoPham T, Sevilla B, Airola M, Flory A, Deziel NC, Nuckols JR, Pronk A, Laden F, Ward MH. Verifying locations of sources of historical environmental releases of dioxin-like compounds in the U.S.: implications for exposure assessment and epidemiologic inference. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:842-851. [PMID: 30302014 PMCID: PMC6667317 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from industrial sources contaminate the surrounding environment. Proximity-based exposure surrogates assume accuracy in the location of PCDD/F sources, but locations are not often verified. We manually reviewed locations (i.e., smokestack geo-coordinates) in a historical database of 4478 PCDD/F-emitting facilities in 2009 and 2016. Given potential changes in imagery and other resources over this period, we re-reviewed a random sample of 5% of facilities (n = 240) in 2016. Comparing the original and re-review of this sample, we evaluated agreement in verification (location confirmed or not) and distances between verified locations (verification error), overall and by facility type. Using the verified location from re-review as a gold standard, we estimated the accuracy of proximity-based exposure metrics and epidemiologic bias. Overall agreement in verification was high (>84%), and verification errors were small (median = 84 m) but varied by facility type. Accuracy of exposure classification (≥1 facility within 5 km) for a hypothetical study population also varied by facility type (sensitivity: 69-96%; specificity: 95-98%). Odds ratios were attenuated 11-69%, with the largest bias for rare facility types. We found good agreement between reviews of PCDD/F source locations, and that exposure prevalence and facility type may influence associations with exposures derived from this database. Our findings highlight the need to consider location error and other contextual factors when using proximity-based exposure metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Trang VoPham
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John R Nuckols
- JRN Environmental Health Sciences, North Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Zha S, Shi W, Su W, Guan X, Liu G. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-paradioxin (TCDD) hampers the host defense capability of a bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:368-373. [PMID: 30502462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Though increasing reports of deleterious impacts of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on a variety of marine organisms have been described, their effects on the host defense capability of marine bivalve mollusks remain poorly understood. In the present study we used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a representative of dioxins and PCBs to investigate its impacts on the host defense capability of the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. After exposure of clams to a range (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) of TCDD for 96 h, the total count, cell type composition, and phagocytic rate of haemocytes were analyzed. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell viability, and the extent of DNA damage of haemocytes were also investigated. Our results showed that exposure to relatively high TCDD concentrations led to significant reductions in the total count and phagocytic activity of haemocytes, which could be accounted by aggravated DNA damage and reduced cell viability. In addition, the percentage of red granulocyte was significantly decreased whereas that of basophil granulocyte was significantly increased upon high doses TCDD exposure (effective concentrations are 1 μg/L and 10 μg/L for red and basophil granulocytes, respectively). Moreover, clams exposed to TCDD had a significant higher activity of ALP, may also indicate an enhanced ability to eliminate pathogens through direct dephosphorylation process whereas a suppressed inflammatory response through indirect regulating of downstream molecular cascade reaction. These findings suggest that TCDD may hamper the host defense capability and therefore render bivalve mollusks more vulnerable to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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10
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Ravenscroft J, Schell LM. Patterns of PCB exposure among Akwesasne adolescents: The role of dietary and inhalation pathways. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:963-972. [PMID: 30359956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study is to determine if consumption of fish and other dietary elements are related to the serum PCB levels of a group of adolescents. A dietary pattern approach is used to provide a more complete dietary exposure profile rather than a single food/group approach. Additionally, dietary patterns are examined in relation to traditional PCB groupings as well as derived PCB congener profiles. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING AND METHODS The sample is comprised of 246 Mohawk adolescents between the ages of 10-16.9 years of age residing at the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation. Food frequency data was collected and serum PCB levels were (101 congeners) quantitated during a cross-sectional study investigating adolescent exposure to environmental pollutants. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified four dietary patterns: "well-rounded" "snacks and sweets" "fruits and vegetables" "fish and dairy" and four PCB congener profiles: "1248-like", Persistent/"1260-like", "mono-ortho", and "1254-like". In a multiple regression models, the "fish and dairy" dietary or traditional PCB determinants (age, sex, prior breastfeeding, BMI, pattern) were each predictors of one or more of three of the identified PCB congener profiles. However, the "1248-like" pattern was not related to either dietary pattern or any of the typical PCB determinants, suggesting an alternative source/exposure pathway for this congener profile. CONCLUSION Even relatively low levels of fish consumption within the composite dietary matrix of adolescents at Akwesasne remains a pathway of exposure to postnatally acquired PCBs. In addition, there is evidence of an unidentified, perhaps airborne, exposure pathway that warrants further attention as this congener profile accounted for 50% of the total variance within the adolescents' serum PCB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ravenscroft
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA; Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, One University Place, Room 131, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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11
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Kulthong K, Duivenvoorde L, Mizera BZ, Rijkers D, Dam GT, Oegema G, Puzyn T, Bouwmeester H, van der Zande M. Implementation of a dynamic intestinal gut-on-a-chip barrier model for transport studies of lipophilic dioxin congeners. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32440-32453. [PMID: 35547722 PMCID: PMC9086222 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05430d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microfluidic technologies allow the manufacture of in vitro organ-on-a-chip systems that hold great promise to adequately recapitulate the biophysical and functional complexity of organs found in vivo. In this study, a gut-on-a-chip model was developed aiming to study the potential cellular association and transport of food contaminants. Intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were cultured on a porous polyester membrane that was tightly clamped between two glass slides to form two separate flow chambers. Glass syringes, polytetrafluoroethylene tubing and glass microfluidic chips were selected to minimize surface adsorption of the studied compounds (i.e. highly lipophilic dioxins), during the transport studies. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that, upon culturing under constant flow for 7 days, Caco-2 cells formed complete and polarized monolayers as observed after culturing for 21 days under static conditions in Transwells. We exposed Caco-2 monolayers in the chip and Transwell to a mixture of 17 dioxin congeners (7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans) for 24 h. Gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was used to assess the cellular association and transport of individual dioxin congeners across the Caco-2 cell monolayers. After 24 h, the amount of transported dioxin mixture was similar in both the dynamic gut-on-a-chip model and the static Transwell model. The transport of individual congeners corresponded with their number of chlorine atoms and substitution patterns as revealed by quantitative structure-property relationship modelling. These results show that the gut-on-a-chip model can be used, as well as the traditional static Transwell system, to study the cellular association and transport of lipophilic compounds like dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornphimol Kulthong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen The Netherlands
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Loes Duivenvoorde
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Z Mizera
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Ten Dam
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof Oegema
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- RIKILT-Wageningen Research P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen The Netherlands
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12
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Hu Y, Yi C, Li J, Shang X, Li Z, Yin X, Chen B, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs in fishes: inferring a hidden exposure route from Na-PCP application for schistosomiasis control. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:232. [PMID: 29556731 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Japanese schistosomiasis was endemic in Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. The technical sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) was widely used during the period between the early 1960s and early 1990s to kill oncomelania, the intermediate host of Schistosomes. However, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) also contaminated the environment of Dongting Lake due to trace impurities of Na-PCP. In this study, 13 species of freshwater fish were collected from Dongting Lake and analyzed in wet and dry seasons. Temporal (wet and dry season) variations in PCDD/Fs in fishes from Dongting Lake were observed. The concentration of PCDD/Fs was considerably higher in the wet season than in the dry season and in areas in China where Na-PCP was not applied. The higher level of PCDD/Fs in the wet season may be attributed to the use of Na-PCP in the past and to the increase in the migration of PCDD/Fs from sediments to water in the wet season. The results indicate that the risk of PCDD/Fs contamination is connected with prior consumption of fishes that live in the Na-PCP application area. However, there was no difference in the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) between the wet and dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Hu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yi
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yuechan Zhou
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
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13
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Brulport A, Le Corre L, Chagnon MC. Chronic exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces an obesogenic effect in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Toxicology 2017; 390:43-52. [PMID: 28774668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contaminant involvement in the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized. It has been shown that low dose and chronic exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) potentiated diet- induced obesity. High and acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an EDC with anti-estrogenic property, causes wasting syndrome . However at lower doses, the TCDD metabolic effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the obesogenic effect during chronic exposure of TCDD at 1μg/kg body weight (bw)/week in adult C57BL/6J mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and exposed from 10 to 42 weeks old to TCDD or equal volume of vehicle by intragastric gavage. Under these conditions, TCDD was obesogenic in adult mice (7% in males and 8% in females), which was linked to fat mass. A sex effect was observed in the fat mass distribution in adipose tissue and in the hepatic triglyceride content evolution. In visceral fat pad weight, we observed a decrease (11%) in males and an increase (14%) in females. The hepatic triglyceride content increase (41%) in females only. TCDD failed to induce any change in plasma parameters regarding glucose and lipid homeostasis. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels involved in adipose tissue and hepatic metabolism, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism and endocrine disruption were differently regulated between males and females. In conclusion, these results provide new evidence that dioxin, a POP and EDC can be obesogenic for adult mice with multi-organ effects.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
- Female
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/physiopathology
- Leptin/blood
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/chemically induced
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/drug effects
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Risk Assessment
- Sex Factors
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/genetics
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Brulport
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ludovic Le Corre
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France; Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
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14
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Ben Y, Li T, Wan Y, Dong Z, Hu J. Exposure assessment of PCDD/Fs for the population living in the vicinity of municipal waste incinerator: Additional exposure via local vegetable consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:532-540. [PMID: 28237308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While the exposure assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) for people living in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) has been investigated, indirect exposure to MSWI-emitted PCDD/Fs via consumption of local foods has not been well assessed. In this study, the PCDD/F concentration in the local vegetables grown near a MSWI located in Shenzhen, South China, was determined to be 0.92 ± 0.59 pg/g wet weight (ww), significantly higher than that (0.25 ± 0.35 pg/g ww) in commercial vegetables (p < 0.05). The PCDD/F concentrations in Banyan leaf (Ficus microcarpa) samples collected from 5 sampling sites at 1 km intervals from the MSWI were found to be significantly decreased with increasing distance, suggesting that the local plants would be impacted by emissions from the MSWI. The exposure assessment of PCDD/Fs for the population living in the vicinity of MSWI was carried out by simultaneously analyzing PCDD/Fs in other food groups that were commonly consumed by the residents. If only the local vegetables were consumed and other foods were acquired commercially, the total dietary intake for a general adult was 0.94 ± 0.41 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, of which consumption of local vegetables accounted for 52.3%. If all foods consumed including vegetables were from a commercial source, the total dietary intake was 0.56 ± 0.30 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, of which consumption of commercial vegetables accounted for 20.1%. The present study for the first time reported the additional human exposure to PCDD/Fs via consumption of local vegetables impacted by emissions from MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ben
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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15
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Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, Maszewski S, Mikolajczyk S, Pajurek M, Strucinski P, Olszowy M. Elimination of dioxins in milk by dairy cows after the long-term intake of contaminated sugar beet pellets. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:842-852. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1300943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Deziel NC, Nuckols JR, Jones RR, Graubard BI, De Roos AJ, Pronk A, Gourley C, Colt JS, Ward MH. Comparison of industrial emissions and carpet dust concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in a multi-center U.S. study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1276-1286. [PMID: 28017415 PMCID: PMC5330683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proximity to facilities emitting polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) has been associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). There is limited information about whether proximity to industrial sources leads to indoor PCDD/F contamination of homes. We measured carpet dust concentrations (pg/g) of 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners and calculated their toxic equivalence (TEQ) in 100 homes in a population-based case-control study of NHL in Detroit, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Iowa (1998-2000). We took global positioning system readings at residences and obtained coordinates and PCDD/F emissions (ng TEQ/yr) from an Environmental Protection Agency database for 6 facility types: coal-fired electricity generating plants, cement kilns burning non-hazardous waste, hazardous waste incinerators, medical waste incinerators, municipal solid waste incinerators, and sewage sludge incinerators. For each residence, we computed an inverse distance-squared weighted average emission index (AEI [pg TEQ/km2/yr]) for all facilities within 5km from 1983 to 2000. We also computed AEIs for each of the 6 facility types. We evaluated relationships between PCDD/F dust concentrations and the all-facility AEI or categories of facility-type AEIs using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for study center, demographics, and home characteristics. A doubling of the all-facility AEI was associated with a 4-8% increase in PCDD/F dust concentrations of 7 of 17 PCDD/F congeners and the TEQ (p-value<0.1). We also observed positive associations between PCDD/F dust concentrations and facility-type AEIs (highest vs. lowest exposure category) for municipal solid waste incinerators (9 PCDD/F, TEQ), and medical waste incinerators (7 PCDD/F, TEQ) (p<0.1). Our results from diverse geographical areas suggest that industrial PCDD/F emission sources contribute to residential PCDD/F dust concentrations. Our emissions index could be improved by incorporating local meteorological data and terrain characteristics. Future research is needed to better understand the links between nearby emission sources, human exposure pathways, and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - John R Nuckols
- Emeritus Professor Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1691, United States; JRN-Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, 10916 Wickshire Way, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States
| | - Rena R Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health at Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | | | - Chris Gourley
- Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX, 78238-5166, United States
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
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17
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Lambiase S, Serpe FP, Cavallo S, Rosato G, Baldi L, Neri B, Esposito M. Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs from free-range hens in Campania (southern Italy) and risk evaluation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:56-64. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1260167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lambiase
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Serpe
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Guido Rosato
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, ASL NA 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Direzione Operativa Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
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18
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Li J, Dong H, Sun J, Nie J, Zhang S, Tang J, Chen Z. Composition profiles and health risk of PCDD/F in outdoor air and fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration and adjacent villages in East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:876-882. [PMID: 27432723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In present study, composition profiles and health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in outdoor air and fly ash from domestic waste treatment center (DWTC) were studied. In addition, the composition profiles and health risk of PCDD/F in outdoor air from adjacent villages were researched and used to quantitatively analyze the difference between onsite workers and adjacent villagers. Moreover, the difference between old intake method and new inhalation dosimetry method in the process of assessing the health risk of PCDD/Fs in outdoor air was quantitatively compared and analyzed. The results of this study were summarized as follows. (1) The 95th percentile carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) for onsite workers and adjacent villagers were much lower than the threshold values of 10(-6) and 1.0, respectively, suggesting no potential health risk. (2) The 95th percentile CR for onsite workers was 1.27×10(-8) and was 64.8 times higher than that of adjacent villagers (1.99×10(-10)). (3) The 95th percentile non-CR for onsite workers and adjacent villagers were 1.37×10(-4) and 1.31×10(-7), respectively. (3) Accidental ingestion of fly ash was the largest contributor to CR and non-CR for onsite workers, contributing 62.98% and 64.04% to CR and non-CR, respectively. (4) The CR and non-CR of PCDD/Fs in outdoor air for onsite workers and adjacent villagers which calculated by old intake method was much higher than the results from new inhalation dosimetry method. The results quantitatively showed the levels and potential risks of PCDD/Fs posed by a DWTC site, which can be helpful to predict the influence from DWTC sites and promote the management of DWTC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Li
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Han Dong
- Caoxian No.1 Senior High School, Heze 274400, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jihua Nie
- School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jinshun Tang
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China.
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Demirarslan KO, Korucu MK, Karademir A. Did we choose the best one? A new site selection approach based on exposure and uptake potential for waste incineration. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:755-763. [PMID: 27354016 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16654754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecological problems arising after the construction and operation of a waste incineration plant generally originate from incorrect decisions made during the selection of the location of the plant. The main objective of this study is to investigate how the selection method for the location of a new municipal waste incineration plant can be improved by using a dispersion modelling approach supported by geographical information systems and multi-criteria decision analysis. Considering this aim, the appropriateness of the current location of an existent plant was assessed by applying a pollution dispersion model. Using this procedure, the site ranking for a total of 90 candidate locations and the site of the existing incinerator were determined by a new location selection practice and the current place of the plant was evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey tests. This ranking, made without the use of modelling approaches, was re-evaluated based on the modelling of various variables, including the concentration of pollutants, population and population density, demography, temporality of meteorological data, pollutant type, risk formation type by CALPUFF and re-ranking the results. The findings clearly indicate the impropriety of the location of the current plant, as the pollution distribution model showed that its location was the fourth-worst choice among 91 possibilities. It was concluded that the location selection procedures for waste incinerators should benefit from the improvements obtained by the articulation of pollution dispersion studies combined with the population density data to obtain the most suitable location.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kemal Korucu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Aykan Karademir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Turkey
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Huang T, Jiang W, Ling Z, Zhao Y, Gao H, Ma J. Trend of cancer risk of Chinese inhabitants to dioxins due to changes in dietary patterns: 1980-2009. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21997. [PMID: 26912346 PMCID: PMC4766489 DOI: 10.1038/srep21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food ingestion is a major route for human exposure and body burden to dioxins. We estimated the potential influence of changes in dietary patterns in Chinese population on human health risk to 2,3,7,8-TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) over the last three decades. We performed multiple modeling scenario investigations to discriminate the contribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDD emissions and changes in dietary patterns to the cancer risks (CR) to dioxins. Results showed that changes in dietary patterns, featured by decreasing consumption of total grain (including all unprocessed grains) and vegetables and increasing intake of animal-derived foodstuffs, caused increasing CR from 7.3 × 10(-8) in 1980 to 1.1 × 10(-7) in 2009. Varying dietary patterns contributed 17% to the CR of Chinese population in 2009 under the fixed emission in 1980. The CR to 2,3,7,8-TCDD in urban and eastern China residents was higher considerably than those who lived in rural area and western China, attributable to higher emissions, household income, and greater intake of animal-derived foodstuffs in urban and eastern China inhabitants. On the other hand, more rapid increasing trend of the CR was found in rural residents due to their more rapid increase in the consumption of fat-dominated foods as compared with urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zaili Ling
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Nespoli R, Stella C, Abete MC. Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:429-436. [PMID: 26256146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PCDD/Fs and PCBs are environmentally persistent substances that have been associated with adverse effects on human health. Contamination of soils, animal feed and pastures leads to their bioaccumulation of in food products of animal origin, which are considered the major source of intake of these contaminants in humans. We analyzed eggs from free-range hens, sampled from small farms, located within a distance of 4.5 km from a secondary aluminum smelter in Northern Italy. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs were higher in eggs from locations close to the plant, and strongly exceeded the limits set by EU Regulation 1259/2011 (2.5 pg WHO TEQ fat g(-1) for PCDD/Fs, 5.0 pg WHO TEQ g(-1) for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs L, 40 ng g(-1) for NDL-PCBs). Without the prompt and immediately applied control strategies, the consumption of contaminated eggs may have posed [corrected] a risk for human health, especially for children (≤9 years) and infants (≤3 years), due to the 2-fold excess of the current exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - P Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - R Nespoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - C Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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22
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Engel E, Ratel J, Bouhlel J, Planche C, Meurillon M. Novel approaches to improving the chemical safety of the meat chain towards toxicants. Meat Sci 2015; 109:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Pinzone M, Budzinski H, Tasciotti A, Ody D, Lepoint G, Schnitzler J, Scholl G, Thomé JP, Tapie N, Eppe G, Das K. POPs in free-ranging pilot whales, sperm whales and fin whales from the Mediterranean Sea: Influence of biological and ecological factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:185-196. [PMID: 26162962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pilot whale Globicephala melas, the sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus, and the fin whale Balaenoptera physalus are large cetaceans permanently inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea. These species are subjected to numerous anthropogenic threats such as exposure to high levels of contaminants. Therefore, selected persistent organic pollutants POPs (29 PCBs, 15 organochlorine compounds, 9 PBDEs and 17 PCDD/Fs) were analysed in blubber biopsies of 49 long-finned pilot whales, 61 sperm whales and 70 fin whales sampled in the North Western Mediterranean Sea (NWMS) from 2006 to 2013. Contamination profile and species feeding ecology were then combined through the use of stable isotopes. δ(13)C, δ(15)N values and POPs levels were assessed through IR-MS and GC-MS respectively. To assess the toxic potency of the dioxin-like compounds, the TEQ approach was applied. δ(15)N values were 12.2±1.3‰ for sperm whales, 10.5±0.7‰ for pilot whales and 7.7±0.8‰ in fin whales, positioning sperm whales at higher trophic levels. δ(13)C of the two odontocetes was similar and amounted to -17.3±0.4‰ for sperm whales and -17.8±0.3‰ for pilot whales; whilst fin whales were more depleted (-18.7±0.4‰). This indicates a partial overlap in toothed-whales feeding habitats, while confirms the differences in feeding behaviour of the mysticete. Pilot whales presented higher concentrations than sperm whales for ΣPCBs (38,666±25,731 ng g(-1)lw and 22,849±15,566 ng g(-1) lw respectively), ΣPBDEs (712±412 ng g(-1) lw and 347±173 ng g(-1) lw respectively) and ΣDDTs (46,081±37,506 ng g(-1) lw and 37,647±38,518 ng g(-1) lw respectively). Fin whales presented the lowest values, in accordance with its trophic position (ΣPCBs: 5721±5180 ng g(-1) lw, ΣPBDEs: 177±208 ng g(-1) lw and ΣDDTs: 6643±5549 ng g(-1) lw). Each species was characterized by large inter-individual variations that are more related to sex than trophic level, with males presenting higher contaminant burden than females. The discriminant analysis (DA) confirmed how DDTs and highly chlorinated PCBs were influential in differentiating the three species. Pollutant concentrations of our species were significantly higher than both their Southern Hemisphere and North Atlantic counterparts, possibly due to the particular Mediterranean geomorphology, which influences pollutants distribution and recycle. Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 80% of the total TEQ. This study demonstrated (1) an important exposure to pollutants of Mediterranean cetaceans, often surpassing the estimated threshold toxicity value of 17,000 ng g(-1) lw for blubber in marine mammals; and (2) how the final pollutant burden in these animals is strongly influenced not only by the trophic position but also by numerous other factors such as sex, age, body size and geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pinzone
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, University of Liege, B6c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- ISM/LPTC, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Chemistry, University of Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Denis Ody
- WWF-France, 6 Rue des Fabres, 13001 Marseille France
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, University of Liege, B6c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph Schnitzler
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, University of Liege, B6c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - George Scholl
- CART, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry LSM, University of Liege, B6C, Allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- CART, Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology LEAE, University of Liege, B6c, Allée du 6 Août 11, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- ISM/LPTC, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Chemistry, University of Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- CART, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry LSM, University of Liege, B6C, Allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, B6c, University of Liege, B6c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Lee J, Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Sun RX, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Male and female mice show significant differences in hepatic transcriptomic response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:625. [PMID: 26290441 PMCID: PMC4546048 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3,7,8–tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dixion (TCDD) is the most potent of the dioxin congeners, capable of causing a wide range of toxic effects across numerous animal models. Previous studies have demonstrated that males and females of the same species can display divergent sensitivity phenotypes to TCDD toxicities. Although it is now clear that most TCDD-induced toxic outcomes are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the mechanism of differential responses to TCDD exposure between sexes remains largely unknown. To investigate the differential sensitivities in male and female mice, we profiled the hepatic transcriptomic responses 4 days following exposure to various amounts of TCDD (125, 250, 500 or 1000 μg/kg) in adult male and female C57BL/6Kuo mice. Results Several key findings were revealed by our study. 1) Hepatic transcriptomes varied significantly between the sexes at all doses examined. 2) The liver transcriptome of males was more dysregulated by TCDD than that of females. 3) The alteration of “AHR-core” genes was consistent in magnitude, regardless of sex. 4) A subset of genes demonstrated sex-dependent TCDD-induced transcriptional changes, including Fmo3 and Nr1i3, which were significantly induced in livers of male mice only. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to contrast transcriptomic profiles of various organisms and tissues following exposure to equitoxic doses of TCDD. Minimal overlap was observed in the differences between TCDD-sensitive or TCDD-resistant models. Conclusions Sex-dependent sensitivities to TCDD exposure are associated with a set of sex-specific TCDD-responsive genes. In addition, complex interactions between the aryl hydrocarbon and sex hormone receptors may affect the observable differences in sensitivity phenotypes between the sexes. Further work is necessary to better understand the roles of those genes altered by TCDD in a sex-dependent manner, and their association with changes to sex hormones and receptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1840-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lee
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Stephenie D Prokopec
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - John D Watson
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ren X Sun
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Ross JH, Hewitt A, Armitage J, Solomon K, Watkins DK, Ginevan ME. Exposure to TCDD from base perimeter application of Agent Orange in Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:82-90. [PMID: 25531592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using recognized methods routinely employed by pesticide regulatory agencies, the exposures of military personnel that were mixer/loader/applicators (M/L/A) of Agent Orange (AO) for perimeter foliage at bases during the Vietnam War were estimated. From the fraction of TCDD in AO, absorbed dosage of the manufacturing contaminant was estimated. Dermal exposure estimated from spray drift to residents of the bases was calculated using internationally recognized software that accounted for proximity, foliar density of application site, droplet size and wind speed among other factors, and produced estimates of deposition. Those that directly handled AO generally had much higher exposures than those further from the areas of use. The differences in exposure potential varied by M/L/A activity, but were typically orders of magnitude greater than bystanders. However, even the most-exposed M/L/A involved in perimeter application had lifetime exposures comparable to persons living in the U.S. at the time, i.e., ~1.3 to 5 pg TCDD/kg bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Ross
- LLC, 5150 Fair Oaks Blvd. #101-370, Carmichael, CA 95608, United States.
| | - Andrew Hewitt
- Centre for Pesticide Application and Safety, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; Lincoln University, Christchurch 7640, New Zealand; The University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE, United States
| | - James Armitage
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Keith Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Deborah K Watkins
- M.E. Ginevan & Associates, 307 Hamilton Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20901, United States
| | - Michael E Ginevan
- M.E. Ginevan & Associates, 307 Hamilton Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20901, United States
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26
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Tuan Omar T, Kuntom A, Latiff A. Assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in the palm oil supply chains. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.F. Tuan Omar
- Food Safety Group, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Kuntom
- Food Safety Group, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A.A. Latiff
- Doping Control Center, University Sains Malaysia, P.O. Box 11800, Minden Penang, Malaysia
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Patrizi B, Cumis MSD, Viciani S, D'Amato F, Foggi P. Characteristic vibrational frequencies of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 274:98-105. [PMID: 24794981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to monitor in real-time the emission of dioxins produced by incineration of waste or by industrial processes is nowadays a necessity considering the high toxicity of these compounds, their persistence in the environment and their ability to bio-accumulate in the food chain. Recently it has been demonstrated the potentiality of detecting dioxins in carbon tetrachloride via MIR Quantum Cascade Lasers. A fundamental step in real time monitoring of dioxins emission is the possibility to recognize the most toxic congeners within complex mixtures and at low concentrations. Taking into account the lack of spectroscopic data about these very toxic environmental pollutants and the necessity to monitor their emissions we have recorded infrared spectra of 13 of the 17 most toxic congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) dissolved in carbon tetrachloride. In this way we have obtained a small database that we have used to test the ability of a linear regression algorithm to recognize each congener and its relative concentration in complex mixtures of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Patrizi
- LENS, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Viciani
- CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Amato
- CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Foggi
- LENS, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Leong YH, Chiang PN, Jaafar HJ, Gan CY, Majid MIA. Contamination of food samples from Malaysia with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and estimation of human intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:711-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.880519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rauscher-Gabernig E, Mischek D, Moche W, Prean M. Dietary intake of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in Austria. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1770-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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30
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Elskens M, Pussemier L, Dumortier P, Van Langenhove K, Scholl G, Goeyens L, Focant JF. Dioxin levels in fertilizers from Belgium: determination and evaluation of the potential impact on soil contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:366-372. [PMID: 23562689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are harmful persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to which humans are exposed mostly via the consumption of animal products. They can enter the food chain at any stage, including crop fertilization. Fertilizers belong to several categories: synthetic chemicals providing the essential elements (mostly N, P and K) that are required by the crops but also organic fertilizers or amendments, liming materials, etc. Ninety-seven samples of fertilizers were taken in Belgium during the year 2011 and analyzed after a soft extraction procedure for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) using GC-IDHRMS. Only small qualitative differences could be observed between the main fertilizer categories since the PCDD:PCDF:DL-PCB average ratio obtained with the results expressed in TEQ was often close to 30:30:40 (typically for sewage sludge) or 40:30:30 (typically for compost). The median dioxin levels determined were generally lower than recorded previously and were the highest for sewage sludge and compost (5.6 and 5.5 ng TEQ/kg dry weight (dw), respectively). The levels in other fertilizers were lower including manure for which the median value was only 0.2 ng TEQ/kg dw. Several fertilization scenarios relying on the use of those fertilizers were assessed taking into consideration the application conditions prevailing in Belgium. From this assessment it could be concluded that the contribution of fertilizers to the overall soil contamination will be low by comparison of other sources of contamination such as atmospheric depositions. At the field scale, intensive use of compost and sewage sludge will increase dramatically the dioxin inputs compared with other fertilization practices but this kind of emission to the soil will still be relatively low compared to the dioxin atmospheric depositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elskens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Elsene, Belgium.
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Ryan JJ, Cao XL, Dabeka R. Dioxins, furans and non-ortho-PCBs in Canadian total diet foods 1992–1999 and 1985–1988. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:491-505. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.756988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Domingo JL, Perelló G, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M. Dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by a population living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator: assessment of the temporal trend. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 50:22-30. [PMID: 23032645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in a number of foodstuffs purchased in various locations near a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). The dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by the population of the area under potential influence of the HWI was subsequently estimated. The results were compared with previous surveys performed in the same area in 1998 (baseline), 2002 and 2006. In the present study, the highest WHO-TEQ corresponded to industrial bakery (0.183 ng/kg wet weight, ww), followed by fish (0.156 ng/kg ww), oils and fats (0.112 ng/kg fat weight), and seafood (0.065 ng/kg ww). In contrast, the lowest values were observed in pulses and tubers (0.003 ng/kg ww), and cereals and fruits (0.004 ng/kg ww). The dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by the general population was 33.1pg WHO-TEQ/day, having fish and seafood (11.6 pg WHO-TEQ), oils and fats (4.61pg WHO-TEQ), dairy products (3.79 pg WHO-TEQ), and industrial bakery (3.49 pg WHO-TEQ) as the groups showing the highest contribution to the total TEQ. The lowest daily contributions corresponded to pulses (0.08 pg WHO-TEQ) and tubers (0.25 pg WHO-TEQ). This intake was considerably lower than that found in the baseline study, 210.1 pgI-TEQ/day, and also notably lower than that found in the 2002 survey (59.6 pgI-TEQ/day), but slightly higher than the intake estimated in the 2006 survey, 27.8 pgWHO-TEQ/day. The results of this study show that any increase potentially found in the biological monitoring of the general population living in the area under evaluation should not be attributed to dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Fujita H, Honda K, Iwakiri R, Guruge KS, Yamanaka N, Tanimura N. Suppressive effect of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls transfer from feed to eggs of laying hens by activated carbon as feed additive. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:820-827. [PMID: 22546627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the suppressive effect of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) transfer from the feed to the eggs of laying hens by using activated carbon as a feed additive. Four groups of six hens (White Leghorn egg-layers; age, 11weeks) were housed as two control groups and two exposure groups for a period of 20weeks. Two control groups were fed with either the basal feed "Control" or basal feed additing activated carbon "Control+C". Another two exposure groups were fed with feed contaminated (about 6ng TEQ kg(-1) feed) by standard solutions of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs "Exposure" alone and contaminated feed adding activated carbon "Exposure+C". There was no significant effect on each groups for the growth rate, biochemical blood components, and egg production: these were around the standard levels for poultry in general. Moreover the results in this study showed the availability of activated carbon as a feed additive owing to the reduction in the risk of food pollution by PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs. The concentration in the eggs of the Exposure group gradually increased following the start of egg-laying but reached a steady state after about 1month. In contrast, the concentration for the Exposure+C group was stationary and below the maximum EU level (6pgTEQg(-1)fat). In comparison to the Exposure group, the Exposure+C group showed a significant decline in the percentage of bioaccumulation into the egg. This reduction due to activated carbon was also observed in the muscle and abdominal fat. The reductions were compound- and congener-dependent for DL-PCBs as follows: PCDDs/PCDFs, non-ortho-PCBs, and mono-ortho-PCBs were more than 90%, 80%, and 50%, respectively, irrespective of the type of tissues. Fat soluble vitamin concentrations in the eggs of the Exposure+C group showed lower trends than the Exposure group. The γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol concentrations in eggs of Exposure+C group showed a significant reduction of about 40%. However, the addition of activated carbon into animal feed could obviate the remote potential for accidents causing unintentional food pollution with PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Environmental Science for Industry, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Fillos D, Scott LLF, De Sylor MA, Grespin M, Luksemburg WJ, Finley B. PCB concentrations in shrimp from major import markets and the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1063-71. [PMID: 22407850 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, environmental studies describing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in imported shrimp are limited, particularly studies of aquaculture shrimp. In the present study, we measured concentrations of the 209 PCB congeners in 84 uncooked, warm-water shrimp samples from the United States and 14 other countries in three continents. Total PCB and dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCB) levels were not significantly different between wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp, and the distribution of total PCB levels did not vary considerably by country of origin although significant differences were observed in some cases. Regional trends in both total PCB and DL-PCB concentrations were observed, with the highest concentrations measured in shrimp from North America followed by Asia and then South America. The lower chlorinated homologues (i.e., mono-, di-, and tri-PCBs) generally comprised a greater fraction of the total levels measured in farm-raised shrimp and shrimp from Asia and South America whereas higher chlorinated homologues (i.e., hepta-, octa-, nona-, and deca-PCBs) contributed more to levels in wild-caught shrimp and shrimp from North America. Estimated daily intake of PCBs associated with shrimp consumption ranged from 2 pg/kg/d (shrimp from South America) to 15 pg/kg/d (shrimp from North America). Results from the present study were comparable to other studies conducted recently and demonstrate that exposure to PCBs from consumption of farm-raised and wild-caught shrimp imported from different regions are not likely to pose any health risks.
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Perelló G, Gómez-Catalán J, Castell V, Llobet JM, Domingo JL. Assessment of the temporal trend of the dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Catalonia, over Spain: Health risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:399-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Uçar Y, Traag W, Immerzeel J, Kraats C, van der Lee M, Hoogenboom R, van der Weg G, Cakirogullari GC, Oymael B, Kilic D. Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in butter from Turkey and estimated dietary intake from dairy products. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2011; 4:141-51. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.576435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stølevik SB, Nygaard UC, Namork E, Haugen M, Kvalem HE, Meltzer HM, Alexander J, van Delft JHM, Loveren HV, Løvik M, Granum B. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins is associated with increased risk of wheeze and infections in infants. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1843-8. [PMID: 21571030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The birth cohort BraMat (n = 205; a sub-cohort of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health) was established to study whether prenatal exposure to toxicants from the maternal diet affects immunological health outcomes in children. We here report on the environmental pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, as well as acrylamide generated in food during heat treatment. The frequency of common infections, eczema or itchiness, and periods of more than 10 days of dry cough, chest tightness or wheeze (called wheeze) in the children during the first year of life was assessed by questionnaire data (n = 195). Prenatal dietary exposure to the toxicants was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire from MoBa. Prenatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins was found to be associated with increased risk of wheeze and exanthema subitum, and also with increased frequency of upper respiratory tract infections. We found no associations between prenatal exposure to acrylamide and the health outcomes investigated. Our results suggest that prenatal dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs may increase the risk of wheeze and infectious diseases during the first year of life.
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Wei X, Leung KS, Wong MH, Giesy J, Cai ZW, Wong CKC. Assessment of risk of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in marine and freshwater fish in Pearl River Delta, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:166-171. [PMID: 21392810 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fish consumption is known to be beneficial to human health. However since the age of industrialization, the released/disposed chemical pollutants into water systems make fish a source of various environmental toxicants to humans. In oceanic cities with heavy industrial activities, fish products contribute the greatest proportion of exposure to pollutants. In this study, risks and potential effects of dioxins to health of coastal populations in the Pearl River Delta were assessed. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in common fish species purchased at local markets. Concentrations of total dioxins in fish ranged from 0.481 to 9.05 pg TEQ/g wet weight were similar to the lesser concentrations reported for fish from other countries. The greatest concentrations of dioxins were measured in mandarin fish, a carnivorous freshwater fish. Exposure of murine primary leydig and ovarian cells to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (2,3,7,8-TCDD) reduced the synthesis of progesterone, testosterone and/or estrogen. The reductions were probably via inhibitory effects on the expression of the steroidogenic enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc). Based on these reproductive parameters, the concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like residues represent a moderate health risk due to consumption of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wei
- Croucher Institute of Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
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Oh KS, Suh JH, Paek OJ, Kim MH, Lee KH. Exposure assessment of dioxins through foods. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2010.23.6.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and polychlorinated biphenyls in farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) from Turkey. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun S, Zhao J, Leng J, Wang P, Wang Y, Fukatsu H, Liu D, Liu X, Kayama F. Levels of dioxins and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk from three regions of northern China and potential dietary risk factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1151-1159. [PMID: 20621325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human milk samples were collected from 50 breast-feeding mothers in Shijiazhuang, 60 in Tianjin and 48 in Yantai from November 2006 to April 2007. The three areas are located in northern China. We selected randomly 20 samples from each area for detection of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/frans (PCDD/Fs), polycholorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Our results show the average concentrations of PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs were 6.24 TEQ pg g(-1)fat, 7.54 TEQ pg g(-1)fat and 6.69 TEQ pg g(-1) fat in human milk from Shijiazhuang, Tianjin and Yantai, respectively. The average concentrations of PBDEs were 3.71 ng g(-1) fat, 3.42 ng g(-1) fat and 4.16 ng g(-1) fat in human milk from Shijiazhuang, Tianjin and Yantai, respectively. Among congeners of PBDEs, the high and low brominated congeners BDE209, BDE207, BDE197, BDE153, BDE15, BDE28 and BDE47 were the predominant PBDE congeners, accounting for 91%, 90% and 84% of total PBDEs in samples from Shijiazhuang, Tianjin and Yantai, respectively. Based on the results of an in-person interview of mothers using a questionnaire, freshwater fish consumption was found to correlate with total mono-ortho dl-PCBs (mo-PCBs) and sea fish consumption was found to correlate with total non-ortho dl-PCBs (no-PCBs) of human milk in these areas. However, no correlation was found between concentrations of total PBDEs and total TEQ of PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs and food consumption. Continuous surveillance on dioxins and dl-PCBs levels in human milk is needed to correctly evaluate both the environmental impact and human health risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suju Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Aslan S, Kemal Korucu M, Karademir A, Durmusoglu E. Levels of PCDD/Fs in local and non-local food samples collected from a highly polluted area in Turkey. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1213-1219. [PMID: 20598344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A sampling and analysis program were conducted to determine the PCDD/F levels in various food samples collected in Kocaeli, one of the highly polluted areas in Turkey. Several food samples including animal (egg, chicken, meat and cow's milk) and plant (fruits, leafy vegetables, fruiting vegetables, rooty vegetables and flour) products were collected from both local and non-local (commercial) sources. The local food samples were taken from 20 sampling points selected by taking into account the location of the possible PCDD/F sources, dominant wind directions and representing the major part of the Turkish daily diet The PCDD/F concentrations in local eggs and milk samples were ranged from <1.16 to 10.94 pg TEQ g(-1) fat and from <0.43 to 3.29 pg TEQ g(-1) fat, respectively. On the other hand, the PCDD/F concentrations were measured between 0.28-1.81 pg EQ g(-1) fat in local meat samples and 0.15-2.92 pg TEQ g(-1) fat in local chicken samples. The PCDD/F concentrations in the plant products were relatively low and most of the congeners were measured below the detection limits except for the leafy vegetables. In addition, several commercial samples were analyzed in order to evaluate the differences of PCDD/F levels in samples collected from both the local and non-local sources. The results showed that the local animal products have higher PCDD/F concentrations than the non-local ones. Moreover, the commercial plant products showed undetectable concentrations for most of the congeners. Finally, the PCDD/F levels in some animal products were found to be higher than the national limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Aslan
- University of Kocaeli, Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Kimbrough RD, Krouskas CA, Leigh Carson M, Long TF, Bevan C, Tardiff RG. Human uptake of persistent chemicals from contaminated soil: PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 57:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kvalem HE, Knutsen HK, Thomsen C, Haugen M, Stigum H, Brantsaeter AL, Frøshaug M, Lohmann N, Päpke O, Becher G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM. Role of dietary patterns for dioxin and PCB exposure. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1438-51. [PMID: 19842105 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns were related to intake and blood concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and selected non-dioxin-like-PCBs (ndl-PCBs). Intake calculations were based on an extensive food frequency questionnaire and a congener-specific database on concentrations in Norwegian foods. The study (2003) applied a two-step inclusion strategy recruiting representative (n=73) and high consumers (n=111) of seafood and game. Estimated median intakes of sum PCDD/PCDFs and dl-PCBs of the representative and high consumers were 0.78 and 1.25 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg bw/day, respectively. Estimated median intakes of ndl-PCBs (sum chlorinated biphenyl (CB)-28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) were 4.26 and 6.40 ng/kg bw/day. The median blood concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs/dl-PCBs were 28.7 and 35.1 pg TEQ/g lipid, and ndl-PCBs (sum of CB-101, 138, 153 and 180) 252 and 299 ng/g lipid. The Spearman correlations between dietary intake and serum concentration were r=0.34 (p=0.017) for dl-compounds and r=0.37 (p<0.001) for ndl-PCBs. Oily fish was the major source of dl-compounds and ndl-PCBs in high and representative consumers. Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Two were related to high intakes, one dominated by oily fish ((Omega-3)), the other by fish liver and seagull eggs ("northern coastal"). Only the latter was closely associated with high blood concentrations of dioxins and PCBs.
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Wang IC, Lee WJ. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in farmed fish, water, sediment, and feed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:201-210. [PMID: 20390860 DOI: 10.1080/10934520903429873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to determine the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dizenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in farmed grouper tissues and environmental medium samples, including sediment, water, and feed. The water concentrations of DL-PCBs were low at 4.33-7.63 pg/L, and those of PCDD/Fs were 0.399-0.794 pg/L. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in sediment samples were 21.4-35.3 pg/g, and those of PCBs were 54.7-100 pg/g. To identify changes in PCDD/Fs and PCBs levels in fish throughout growth, the tissue samples from hatchlings, 2-month, 15-month, 24-month, and 36-month-old orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were analyzed. In grouper tissue samples, the total toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of the total PCBs were 0.129-0.745 pg World Health Organization- toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ/g) wet weight (w.w.), while total PCDD/Fs TEQ were 0.022-0.073 pg WHO-TEQ/g w.w The DL-PCBs were contributed more to the TEQ than PCDD/Fs in all fish tissue samples. Both PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations increase as grouper age increased. Results of this study demonstrate that PCDD/Fs and PCBs accumulate in fish tissues, and diet is the main source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Lorán S, Bayarri S, Conchello P, Herrera A. Risk assessment of PCDD/PCDFs and indicator PCBs contamination in Spanish commercial baby food. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee CC, Shih TS, Chen HL. Distribution of air and serum PCDD/F levels of electric arc furnaces and secondary aluminum and copper smelters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:1351-1356. [PMID: 19717228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgical processes, such as smelting, can generate organic impurities such as organic chloride chemicals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The objective of this study was to elucidate the serum PCDD/F levels of 134 workers and ambient air levels around electric arc furnaces (EAF), secondary copper smelters and secondary aluminum smelters (ALSs) in Taiwan. The highest serum PCDD/F levels were found in the ALSs workers (21.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid), with lower levels in copper smelter workers (21.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid), and the lowest in the EAF plant workers (18.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid). This was still higher than the levels for residents living within 5 km of municipal waste incinerators (14.0 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid). For ambient samples, the highest ambient air PCDD/F level was in the copper smelters (12.4 pg WHO-TEQ/Nm(3)), with lower levels in ALSs (7.2 pg WHO-TEQ/Nm(3)), and the lowest in the EAF industry (1.8 pg WHO-TEQ/Nm(3)). The congener profiles were consistent in serum and in air samples collected in the copper smelters, but not for ALSs and EAF. In secondary copper smelters, the air PCDD/Fs levels might be directly linked to the PCDD/Fs accumulated in the workers due to the exceedingly stable congener pattern of the PCDD/F emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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48
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Burns JS, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Korrick S, Lee MM, Revich B, Altshul L, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Needham LL, Saharov I, Hauser R. Predictors of serum dioxins and PCBs among peripubertal Russian boys. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1593-9. [PMID: 20019911 PMCID: PMC2790515 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sources and routes of exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied, information regarding exposure among children is limited. Breast-feeding and diet are two important contributors to early life exposure. To further understand other significant contributors to childhood exposure, we studied a cohort of children from a city with high environmental dioxin levels. OBJECTIVES We investigated predictors of serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)/co-planar PCBs (C-PCBs), toxic equivalents (TEQs), and PCBs among 8- to 9-year-old boys in Chapaevsk, Russia. METHODS We used general linear regression models to explore associations of log(10)-transformed serum concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs/C-PCBs, TEQs, and PCBs at study entry with anthropometric, demographic, geographic, and dietary factors in 482 boys in Chapaevsk, Russia. RESULTS The median (25th, 75th percentile) concentration for total 2005 TEQs was 21.1 pg/g lipid (14.4, 33.2). Boys who were older, consumed local foods, were breast-fed longer, and whose mothers were employed at the Khimprom chemical plant (where chlorinated chemicals were produced) or gardened locally had significantly higher serum dioxins and PCBs, whereas boys with higher body mass index or more educated parents had significantly lower serum dioxins and PCBs. Boys who lived < 2 km from Khimprom had higher total TEQs (picograms per gram lipid) [adjusted mean = 30.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 26.8-35.0] than boys who lived > 5 km away (adjusted mean = 18.8; 95% CI, 17.2-20.6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there are specific local sources of dioxin and PCB exposure among children in Chapaevsk including maternal gardening, consumption of locally grown food, and residential proximity to the Khimprom plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Jaikanlaya C, Settachan D, Denison MS, Ruchirawat M, van den Berg M. PCBs contamination in seafood species at the Eastern Coast of Thailand. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:239-249. [PMID: 19375780 PMCID: PMC2855220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a large group of persistent organic substances spread throughout the world. The most toxic PCBs are those that are dioxin-like (dl-PCBs). Environmental studies on PCBs in Thailand are limited, especially with regards to dl-PCBs. This study is one of the first in this country that demonstrates contamination of seafood with PCBs and determines the levels of PCBs and total dioxin like activity in mussels, oysters and shrimp, from the Eastern Coast of Thailand. Sixty pooled samples of mussels and twenty-seven pooled samples of oysters were collected from cultivation farms and twenty-one pooled samples of shrimp were collected from fisherman piers. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of 49 PCB congeners was obtained by HRGC-ECD analysis and total dioxin-like activity using the CAFLUX bioassay. Total PCB concentrations varied between three species, ranging between 19 and 1100 ng g(-1) lipid adjusted weight, and the levels of PCBs in shrimp was three time higher than that in mussels and oysters. With respected to the pattern of PCB congeners, it implied that the source of PCBs exposure in this area could be from the regional contamination. The calculated CAFLUX bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) values ranged between 0.8 and 18 pg BEQ g(-1) lipid adjusted weight, and showed a good relationship with the chemical-derived TEQs. Therefore, the CAFLUX bioassay can be used for effective screening of dioxin-like activity in marine species effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chate Jaikanlaya
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center for Environmental Health, Toxicology and Management of Chemicals, 272 Rama 6 Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kim M, Choi SW, Kim DG. Decreasing concentrations of PCDD/Fs in pork based on Korean monitoring in years 2002 and 2005. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:1278-82. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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