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Li H, Lyu B, Li J, Shi Z. Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in indoor residential dust from Beijing, China: occurrence and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29859-29869. [PMID: 38592626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are widely used in electronic devices and emerging as an environmental pollutant, while their occurrence in indoor environments is still less studied. In this study, 32 out of 37 target LCMs were detected in indoor residential dust samples (n = 112) from Beijing, China. Concentrations of Σ32LCMs ranged from 17.8 to 197 ng/g, with a median value of 54.7 ng/g. Fluorinated biphenyls and analogs (FBAs) and cyanobiphenyls and analogs (CBAs), with median concentrations of 22.8 and 15.9 ng/g, respectively, were the main kinds of LCMs. Although 32 LCMs can be detected, four monomers with the highest contamination levels contributed to almost 70% of the total LCMs. Spearman correlation analysis found significant correlations among some monomers, which indicated that they might share similar sources in the residential environment. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of LCMs via indoor dust for Beijing residents were calculated, and the results showed that dust ingestion and dermal contact were both main intake pathways to LCMs, and younger people may face higher exposure to LCMs. A comparison to the results of China's total diet study showed that EDIs of LCMs via food consumption might be higher than that via dust intake, while health risks caused by exposure of LCMs for the general population, both through food and dust, were insignificant at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Food Safety, (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Food Safety, (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Food Safety, (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Rani P, Husain A, Bhasin KK, Kumar G. Zinc(II)-MOF: A Versatile Luminescent Sensor for Selective Molecular Recognition of Flame Retardants and Antibiotics. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3486-3498. [PMID: 38329939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An exceptional Zinc(II)-organic framework with the formula [{Zn(L4-py)(bdc)}·DMF]n (Zn-MOF) has been constructed solvothermally using a novel linker L4-py {2,7-bis(3-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone}, coligand H2bdc (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid), and ZnBF4·xH2O. The ligand L4-py has been fabricated after functionalization of NDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) core with 3-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenyl group. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that Zn-MOF exhibits a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) framework architecture and features (4)-connected uninodal dia; 4/6/c1; sqc6 topology with point symbol {66} and two-dimensional (2D) + 2D, parallel polycatenation. Notably, Zn-MOF displayed excellent fluorescence phenomenon and stability in water as well as in methanol solvents and was harnessed as a versatile sensor, demonstrating selective and sensitive molecular recognition of flame retardants and antibiotics. Notably, Zn-MOF displayed 57 and 49.5% quenching efficiency for the flame-retardant pentabromophenol (PBP) and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBPA), respectively. Whereas an outstanding 90% quenching efficiency was observed for antibiotics, tetracycline (TC) and secnidazole (SD). The mechanistic investigations of this luminescence quenching suggest that this might be primarily occurring via the Fourier resonance energy transfer (FRET) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms, which might be assisted by the competitive absorption and host-guest interactions. The π-electron-rich framework structure of sensor Zn-MOF activates this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ahmad Husain
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India
| | - K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Girijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
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Hartmann C, Kaiser AM, Moche W, Weiss S, Raffesberg W, Scharf S, Graf-Rohrmeister K, Thanhaeuser M, Haiden N, Uhl M. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:247-266. [PMID: 38390995 PMCID: PMC10885091 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk holds an immense nutritional value as it contains health-promoting substances in a unique, optimal form. Additionally, breast milk's significance extends to health and environmental protection, as it serves as an indicator of both maternal and infant exposure. In this study, breast milk samples collected in 2013 and in 2014-2016 from mothers in Vienna (Austria) were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as further substances which have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The total concentration of the PBDE congeners in the samples (n = 18, sampled 2013) ranged from 0.055 to 52 ng/g lipid, and from 0.002 to 2.5 ng/g breast milk. In the pooled sample, the sum of PBDEs was detected at a level of 4.4 ng/g lipid. Based on the 2014-2016 study population, certain PFAS were detected in all samples (n = 40). Exposure to the sum of four specific PFAS including perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) ranged between 0.014 and 0.12 ng/L breast milk. In the pooled sample, PFOS and PFOA were found in concentrations of 0.025 ng/g and of 0.045 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the first generation of POPs, mainly organochlorine compounds, was measured in a pooled sample of breast milk from participants sampled in 2014-2016 as part of the WHO/UNEP breast milk monitoring program and compared to the POPs measured in pooled samples collected in 1987/1988 and 1992/1993, respectively. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs by comparing the Austrian results from the WHO/UNEP global breast milk study from 1987 to 2016. However, the data also show that, despite these reductions, health-relevant levels are still being reached, particularly in terms of children's health when the presence of the new generation of POPs, such as PBDEs and PFAS, in human breast milk is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Moche
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sigrid Scharf
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Margarita Thanhaeuser
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Cui Y, Xiao Q, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Hao W, Jiang J, Meng Q, Wei X. 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane, a novel brominated flame retardant, disrupts intestinal barrier function via the IRX3/NOS2 axis in rat small intestine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132597. [PMID: 37804762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants are widely used in electronics, textiles, furniture, and other products; they can enter the human body through ingestion and respiration and cause harm to the human body, and have been proven to have potential biological toxicity and accumulation effects. 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) is a widely used novel brominated flame retardant; however, there is a lack of research on its mechanism of toxicity, particularly that of intestinal toxicity. Currently, studies on the functionality of iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3) are extremely limited. In our study, BTBPE was administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cells (IEC6 cells) in vivo and in vitro, respectively, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE), immunohistochemical, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS), CCK8, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), fluorescent probes, qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed. To explore the damage mechanism of BTBPE, we used siRNA to silence IRX3 and iNOs-IN-1 (yeast extract-peptone-wheat; YPW) to inhibit nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2). The results showed that BTBPE exposure caused inflammation and necroptosis in the jejunum and ileum, as well as destruction of the tight junctions and mucus layer. Moreover, BTBPE activated the IRX3/NOS2 axis both in vivo and in vitro. Silencing IRX3 or inhibiting NOS2 inhibits necroptosis and restores tight junctions in IEC6 cells. In conclusion, our study found that in the jejunum, ileum, and IEC6 cells, BTBPE exposure caused necroptosis and tight junction destruction by activating the IRX3/NOS2 axis. Blocking the IRX3/NOS2 axis can effectively inhibit necroptosis and restore tight junction. In addition, BTBPE exposure caused inflammation and loss of the mucous layer in the jejunum and ileum. Our study is the first to explore the mechanism of intestinal damage caused by BTBPE exposure and to discover new biological functions regulated by the IRX3/NOS2 axis, providing new research directions for necroptosis and tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuetong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Complementarity of plasma and stool for the characterization of children's exposure to halogenated flame retardants: Update on analytical methods and application to a Canadian cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140222. [PMID: 37734505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen halogenated flame retardants including Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants were measured in stool and plasma samples from children aged 8.9-13.8 years old. Samples were obtained from a Canadian cohort investigating the effect of contaminants on children's neurodevelopment in the Estrie region, Québec, Canada. The method for stool analysis developed for this study showed good recovery for all targeted compounds (73%-93%) with associated relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 16.0%-30.7% for most compounds except for the thermosensitive BDE209, OBTMBI, and BTBPE, which showed slightly higher RSD, i.e., 49.3%, 37.2%, and 34.9% respectively. Complementarity investigation of stool and blood samples allowed us to better characterize human exposure to these halogenated flame retardants. Exposure patterns differed significantly between stool and blood, notably in the relative abundance of BDE47, BDE100, BDE99, and BDE153 and the detection frequencies of BDE209, syn-DP, anti-DP, and DBDPE. There was no correlation between the two matrices' PBDEs concentration levels except for BDE153 (rho = 0.44, p < 0.01). Our results indicate that future epidemiological studies may benefit from the use of stool as a complementary matrix to blood, especially investigations into chemical impacts on the gut microbiome. Results also revealed that children from the GESTE cohort, an Eastern Canadian semi-rural cohort, are exposed to both historical and emergent flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Tao F, Sjöström Y, de Wit CA, Hagström K, Hagberg J. Organohalogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters from home and preschool dust in Sweden: Pollution characteristics, indoor sources and intake assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165198. [PMID: 37391153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed settled dust samples in Sweden to assess children's combined exposure to 39 organohalogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and 11 organophosphate esters (OPEs) from homes and preschools. >94 % of the targeted compounds were present in dust, indicating widespread use of HFRs and OPEs in Swedish homes and preschools. Dust ingestion was the primary exposure pathway for most analytes, except BDE-209 and DBDPE, where dermal contact was predominant. Children's estimated intakes of ∑emerging HFRs and ∑legacy HFRs from homes were 1-4 times higher than from preschools, highlighting higher exposure risk for HFRs in homes compared to preschools. In a worst-case scenario, intakes of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) were 6 and 94 times lower than the reference dose for children in Sweden, indicating a potential concern if exposure from other routes like inhalation and diet is as high. The study also found significant positive correlations between dust concentrations of some PBDEs and emerging HFRs and the total number of foam mattresses and beds/m2, the number of foam-containing sofas/m2, and the number of TVs/m2 in the microenvironment, indicating these products as the main source of those compounds. Additionally, younger preschool building ages were found to be linked to higher ΣOPE concentrations in preschool dust, suggesting higher ΣOPE exposure. The comparison with earlier Swedish studies indicates decreasing dust concentrations for some banned and restricted legacy HFRs and OPEs but increasing trends for several emerging HFRs and several unrestricted OPEs. Therefore, the study concludes that emerging HFRs and OPEs are replacing legacy HFRs in products and building materials in homes and preschools, possibly leading to increased exposure of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ylva Sjöström
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Hagström
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jessika Hagberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, SE 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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Schreder E, Zheng G, Sathyanarayana S, Gunaje N, Hu M, Salamova A. Brominated flame retardants in breast milk from the United States: First detection of bromophenols in U.S. breast milk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122028. [PMID: 37315884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a class of compounds with many persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative members. BFRs have been widely detected in breast milk, posing health risks for breastfeeding infants. Ten years after the phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the United States, we analyzed breast milk from 50 U.S. mothers for a suite of BFRs to assess current exposures to BFRs and the impact of changing use patterns on levels of PBDEs and current-use compounds in breast milk. Compounds analyzed included 37 PBDEs, 18 bromophenols, and 11 other BFRs. A total of 25 BFRs were detected, including 9 PBDEs, 8 bromophenols, and 8 other BFRs. PBDEs were found in every sample but at concentrations considerably lower than in previous North American samples, with a median ∑PBDE concentration (sum of 9 detected PBDEs) of 15.0 ng/g lipid (range 1.46-1170 ng/g lipid). Analysis of time trends in PBDE concentrations in North American breast milk indicated a significant decline since 2002, with a halving time for ∑PBDE concentrations of 12.2 years; comparison with previous samples from the northwest U.S region showed a 70% decline in median levels. Bromophenols were detected in 88% of samples with a median ∑12bromophenol concentration (sum of 12 detected bromophenols) of 0.996 ng/g lipid and reaching up to 71.1 ng/g lipid. Other BFRs were infrequently detected but concentrations reached up to 278 ng/g lipid. These results represent the first measurement of bromophenols and other replacement flame retardants in breast milk from U.S. mothers. In addition, these results provide data on current PBDE contamination in human milk, as PBDEs were last measured in U.S. breast milk ten years ago. The presence of phased-out PBDEs, bromophenols, and other current-use flame retardants in breast milk reflects ongoing prenatal exposure and increased risk for adverse impacts on infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guomao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Navya Gunaje
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Min Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Amina Salamova
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
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Zhang Q, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Ge J, Wang X, Jiang W, Yuan Y, Zhuang Y, Meng Q, Jiang J, Hao W, Wei X. The effects and mechanisms of the new brominated flame retardant BTBPE on thyroid toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114027. [PMID: 37696466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to octabromodiphenyl ether (octa-BDE), 1, 2-bis (2,4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) has been widely used in a variety of combustible materials, such as plastics, textiles and furniture. Previous studies have demonstrated the thyroid toxicity of traditional brominated flame retardants for example octa-BDE clearly. Nevertheless, little is known about the thyroid toxicity of alternative novel brominated flame retardants BTBPE. In this study, it was demonstrated that BTBPE in vivo exposure induced FT4 reduction in 2.5, 25 and 250 mg/kg bw treated group and TT4 reduction in 25 mg/kg bw treated group. TG, TPO and NIS are key proteins of thyroid hormone synthesis. The results of Western blot and RT-PCR from thyroid tissue showed decreased protein levels and gene expression levels of TG, TPO and NIS as well as regulatory proteins PAX8 and TTF2. To investigate whether the effect also occurred in humans, anthropogenic Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were selected. Similar results were seen in vitro condition. 2.5 mg/L BTBPE reduced the protein levels of PAX8, TTF1 and TTF2, which in turn inhibited the protein levels of TG and NIS. The results in vitro experiment were consistent with that in vivo, suggesting possible thyrotoxic effects of BTBPE on humans. It was indicated that BTBPE had the potential interference of T4 generation and the study provided more evidence of the effects on endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wanyu Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yuese Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yimeng Zhuang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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9
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Fu M, Tan J, Zhou S, Ling S, Hu S, Qiao Z, Han Y, Zhang W, Peng C. Insight into Bioaccumulation of Decabromodiphenyl Ethane in Eisenia fetida Increased by Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13980-13990. [PMID: 37668438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise of electronics inevitably induced the co-pollution of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and microplastics (MPs). However, studies on how they interact to influence their bioavailability are scarce. Here, we explored the influence mechanism of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-MPs on the bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in soil-earthworm microcosms. The influence exhibited a temporal pattern characterized by short-term inhibition and long-term promotion. After 28 days of exposure, DBDPE bioaccumulation in a co-exposure (10 mg kg-1 DBDPE accompanied by 1000 mg kg-1 ABS-MPs) was 2.61 times higher than that in a separate exposure. The adsorption process in the soil, intestines, and mucus introduced DBDPE-carried MPs, which had a higher concentration of DBDPE than the surrounding soil and directly affected the bioavailability of DBDPE. MP-pre-exposure (100, 1000, and 10000 mg kg-1) reduced epidermal soundness, mucus secretion, and worm cast production. This eventually promoted the contact between earthworm and soil particles and enhanced the DBDPE of earthworm tissue by 6%-61% in the next DBDPE-postexposure period, confirming that MPs increased DBDPE bioaccumulation indirectly by impairing the earthworm health. This study indicates that MPs promoted DBDPE bioaccumulation via adsorption and self-toxicity, providing new insight into the combined risk of MPs and NBFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shanqi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyuan Ling
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuangqing Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanna Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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10
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Han L, Wang Q. Association between brominated flame retardants exposure and markers of oxidative stress in US adults: An analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115253. [PMID: 37478566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress indicators and brominated flame retardant (BFR) levels in US adults. Using data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 2007 to 2016, 8028 participants aged 18 and over were enrolled in this study. PBDE28, PBDE47, PBDE85, PBDE99, PBDE100, PBDE153, PBDE154, PBDE209, and PBB153, with over 75 % detection rates, were extracted in this study. Survey-weighted linear regression model, weighted quantile sum (WQS) model, and quantile-based g calculation (QGC) model were used to assess the correlation between serum BFRs levels and oxidative stress indicators (serum bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]). Besides, the nonlinear association was explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Each of the BFRs was confirmed by the survey-weighted linear regression model to be positively associated with GGT after controlling for variables, and BFRs except for PBDE153 were positively associated with serum bilirubin. Except for PBDE153, serum bilirubin in the highest quartile of BFRs was significantly higher than in the lowest high quartile. Additionally, except for PBDE85, serum GGT in the highest quartile of BFRs was higher than in the lowest high quartile. A significant nonlinear association between all BFRs with bilirubin and the PBDE153, PBDE209, and PBB153 with GGT was identified by RCS analysis. By WQS analysis, combined BFR exposure was associated with serum GGT (β: 0.093; 95 % CI = 0.066-0.121; P < 0.0001) and bilirubin (β: 0.090; 95 % CI = 0.068-0.113; P < 0.0001). QGC analysis found a similar correlation between BFR mixtures with serum GGT (β: 0.098; 95 % CI = 0.075-0.120; P < 0.0001) and bilirubin (β: 0.073; 95 % CI = 0.048-0.097; P < 0.0001). Exposure to BFRs is positively associated with markers of oxidative stress (serum bilirubin and GGT) in US adults, which needs further exploration by a large-scale cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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11
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Pineda S, Lignell S, Gyllenhammar I, Lampa E, Benskin JP, Lundh T, Lindh C, Kiviranta H, Glynn A. Exposure of Swedish adolescents to elements, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and rapidly excreted substances - The Riksmaten adolescents 2016-17 national survey. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114196. [PMID: 37279611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of significant physiological changes, and likely a sensitive window to chemical exposure. Few nation-wide population-based studies of chemical body burdens in adolescents have been published. In the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents (RMA) 2016-17, over 13 chemical substance groups, including elements, chlorinated/brominated/fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were analysed in blood, and in urine metabolites of phthalates/phthalate alternatives, phosphorous flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides, along with bisphenols and biocide/preservative/antioxidant/UV filter substances (N = 1082, ages 11-21). The aim was to characterize the body burdens in a representative population of adolescents in Sweden, and to compare results with human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Cluster analyses and Spearman's rank order correlations suggested that concentrations of substances with known common exposure sources and similar toxicokinetics formed obvious clusters and showed moderate to very strong correlations (r ≥ 0.4). No clusters were formed between substances from different matrices. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of the substances were generally less than 3-fold different from those observed among adolescents in NHANES (USA 2015-16) and GerES V (Germany 2014-17). Notable exceptions were brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with >20-fold lower GM concentrations, and the biocide triclosan and ultraviolet (UV) filter benzophenone-3 with >15-fold lower mean concentrations in RMA compared to NHANES. Exceedance of the most conservative HBM-GVs were observed for aluminium (Al, 26% of subjects), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, 19%), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 12%), lead (Pb, 12%), MBP (dibutyl phthalate metabolite, 4.8%), hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 3.1%) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA, pyrethroid metabolite, 2.2%). Males showed a higher proportion of exceedances than females for Pb, HCB and PFOS; otherwise no gender-related differences in exceedances were observed. A higher proportion of males than females had a Hazard Index (HI) of substances with liver and kidney toxicity and neurotoxicity >1. Industrialized countries with similarly high standards of living, with some exceptions, show comparable average body burdens of a variety of toxic chemicals among adolescents from the general population. The exceedances of HBM-GVs and HIs strongly suggests that further efforts to limit chemical exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pineda
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Nagar N, Saxena H, Pathak A, Mishra A, Poluri KM. A review on structural mechanisms of protein-persistent organic pollutant (POP) interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138877. [PMID: 37164191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment has become ubiquitous. POPs are halogen-containing organic molecules that accumulate, and remain in the environment for a long time, thus causing toxic effects in living organisms. POPs exhibit a high affinity towards biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, causing genotoxicity and impairment of homeostasis in living organisms. Proteins are essential members of the biological assembly, as they stipulate all necessary processes for the survival of an organism. Owing to their stereochemical features, POPs and their metabolites form energetically favourable complexes with proteins, as supported by biological and dose-dependent toxicological studies. Although individual studies have reported the biological aspects of protein-POP interactions, no comprehensive study summarizing the structural mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics of protein-POP complexes is available. The current review identifies and classifies protein-POP interaction according to the structural and functional basis of proteins into five major protein targets, including digestive and other enzymes, serum proteins, transcription factors, transporters, and G-protein coupled receptors. Further, analysis detailing the molecular interactions and structural mechanism evidenced that H-bonds, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions essentially mediate the formation of protein-POP complexes. Moreover, interaction of POPs alters the protein conformation through kinetic and thermodynamic processes like competitive inhibition and allostery to modulate the cellular signalling processes, resulting in various pathological conditions such as cancers and inflammations. In summary, the review provides a comprehensive insight into the critical structural/molecular aspects of protein-POP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harshi Saxena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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13
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Liu M, Yu Z, Zhao Z, Yang F, Zhou M, Wang C, Tian X, Zhang B, Liang G, Liu X, Shao J. MiR-24-3p/Dio3 axis is essential for BDE47 to induce local thyroid hormone disorder and neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2023; 491:153527. [PMID: 37116683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BDE47 (2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is a member of the most important congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and has been identified as a developmental, reproductive and nervous system toxicant and endocrine system disruptor due to its frequent detection in human tissue and environmental samples. Our preliminary work suggested that high- and low-level of bromodiphenyl ethers have different effects on neuronal cells with differential targets of actions on neural tissues. In this study, we presented the underlying mechanism of BDE47 neurotoxicity from the perspective of thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism using in vitro model of human SK-N-AS neuronal cells. BDE47 could induce local TH metabolism disorder in neuronal cells by inhibiting the expression of the main enzyme, human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio3). Further elucidation revealed that BDE47 effectively up-regulating miR-24-3p, which binds to the 3'-UTR of Dio3 and inhibits its expression. In addition, BDE47 could also inhibit the deiodinase activity of Dio3. Collectively, our study demonstrates the molecular mechanism of BDE47 regulating Dio3-induced TH metabolism disorder through inducing miR-24-3p, providing new clues for the role of miRNAs in neurodevelopmental toxicity mediated by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Neurology Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zikuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 116000, China
| | - Fangyu Yang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command), Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command), Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine; Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology; Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology; Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
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14
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Chen L, Yin Q, Xu L, Hua M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Xia W, Qian H, Hong J, Jin J. Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure and influence factors in blood donors of Wuxi adults from 2013 to 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63932-63940. [PMID: 37055693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as brominated flame retardants worldwide and are correlated with extensive environmental pollution and human health concerns. This study is aimed at analyzing the concentrations of PBDEs and at evaluating their temporal trends among a population of blood donors (n = 33) over a 4-year period. A total of 132 serum samples were used for PBDE detection. Nine PBDE congeners were quantified in serum samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median concentrations of Σ9PBDEs in each year were 33.46, 29.75, 30.85, and 35.02 ng/g lipid, respectively. Most of the PBDE congeners showed a downward trend from 2013 to 2014 and then increased after 2014. No correlations between age and PBDE congener concentrations were observed, while concentrations of each congener and Σ9PBDE were nearly always lower in females than in males, especially in BDE-66, BDE-153, BDE-183, BDE-190, and Σ9PBDE. We also found that the intake of fish, fruit, and eggs in the daily diet was related to the exposure level of PBDEs. Our results suggest that, as deca-BDE is still produced and used in China, diet is an important exposure pathway for PBDEs, and follow-up studies will be required to improve our understanding of the behaviors of PBDE isomers in humans and the exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China.
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Qitao Yin
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 48, Huaishu Lane, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214021, China
| | - Minyu Hua
- Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214021, China
| | | | - Yuqian Xu
- Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214021, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214021, China
| | | | - Jun Hong
- Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214021, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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15
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Wei Y, Geng W, Zhang T, He H, Zhai J. N-acetylcysteine rescues meiotic arrest during spermatogenesis in mice exposed to BDE-209. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50952-50968. [PMID: 36807852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Deca-bromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-209) has been widely used in electronic devices and textiles as additives to flame retardants. Growing evidence showed that BDE-209 exposure leads to poorer sperm quality and male reproductive dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms of BDE-209 exposure caused a decline in sperm quality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on meiotic arrest in spermatocytes and decreased sperm quality in BDE-209-exposed mice. In the study, mice were treated with NAC (150 mg/kg BW) 2 h before administrated with BDE-209 (80 mg/kg BW) for 2 weeks. For the in vitro studies, spermatocyte cell line GC-2spd cells were pretreated with NAC (5 mM) 2 h before treated with BDE-209 (50 μM) for 24 h. We found that pretreatment with NAC attenuated the oxidative stress status induced by BDE-209 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, pretreatment with NAC rescued the testicular histology impairment and decreased the testicular organ coefficient in BDE-209-exposed mice. In addition, NAC supplement partially promoted meiotic prophase and improved sperm quality in BDE-209-exposed mice. Furthermore, NAC pretreatment effectively improved DNA damage repair by recovering DMC1, RAD51, and MLH1. In conclusion, BDE-209 caused spermatogenesis dysfunction related to the meiotic arrest medicated by oxidative stress, decreasing sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wenfeng Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Health Supervision, Administrative Committee of Hefei Xinzhan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Wenzhong Rd 999, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Taifa Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
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16
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Wang Q, Chen G, Tian L, Kong C, Gao D, Chen Y, Junaid M, Wang J. Neuro- and hepato-toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on early life stages of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159567. [PMID: 36272476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are good carriers of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and can modify their bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This study highlights the single and combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and 2,2 ',4,4 '-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47, one of the major PBDE congeners) on zebrafish embryos after an exposure of up to 120 hpf. Our results showed that PS-NPs and BDE-47 formed larger particle aggregates during co-exposure, which attached to the surface of the yolk membrane and even changed its structure, and these particles also bioaccumulated in the intestine of zebrafish larvae, compared with the PS-NPs single exposure. Further, the co-exposure significantly increased mortality, accelerated voluntary movements, enhanced hatching rate, and decreased heart rate. Hepatoxicity analyses revealed that the mixture exposure induced a darker/browner liver colour, atrophied liver and greater hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. In addition to increased ROS accumulation, the reduced expression of the antioxidant gpx1a gene and increased expression of cyp1a1 were found after co-treatment. Moreover, ache and chrn7α genes associated with neurocentral development, were significantly downregulated, mainly in the co-exposure group. In conclusion, simultaneous exposure to PS-NPs and BDE-47 exacerbated oxidative stress, developmental impacts, hepatotoxicity, and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, neurotoxic effects of complex chemical interactions between PS-NPs and persistent organic pollutants in freshwater environments should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunmiao Kong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yurou Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510006, China.
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17
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Fowler CH, Bagdasarov A, Camacho NL, Reuben A, Gaffrey MS. Toxicant exposure and the developing brain: A systematic review of the structural and functional MRI literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:105006. [PMID: 36535373 PMCID: PMC9922521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Youth worldwide are regularly exposed to pollutants and chemicals (i.e., toxicants) that may interfere with healthy brain development, and a surge in MRI research has begun to characterize the neurobiological consequences of these exposures. Here, a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on developmental MRI studies of toxicants with known or suspected neurobiological impact. Associations were reviewed for 9 toxicant classes, including metals, air pollution, and flame retardants. Of 1264 identified studies, 46 met inclusion criteria. Qualitative synthesis revealed that most studies: (1) investigated air pollutants or metals, (2) assessed exposures prenatally, (3) assessed the brain in late middle childhood, (4) took place in North America or Western Europe, (5) drew samples from existing cohort studies, and (6) have been published since 2017. Given substantial heterogeneity in MRI measures, toxicant measures, and age groups assessed, more research is needed on all toxicants reviewed here. Future studies should also include larger samples, employ personal exposure monitoring, study independent samples in diverse world regions, and assess toxicant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aaron Reuben
- Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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18
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Xue D, Wei J, Lu W, Xia B, Li S, Liu D, Liu N, Wang X, Lin G. BDE-47 disturbs the immune response of lymphocytes to LPS by downregulating NF-κB pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136562. [PMID: 36152834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The health risks associated with 2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) have become an increasing concern due to its widespread presence in the environment and biological samples. To date, the potential toxicity of BDE-47 to immune system remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the immunotoxicity of BDE-47 using spleen-derived lymphocytes in vitro and BALB/c mice in vivo. In vitro results showed that lymphocytes exposed to 12.5-100 μM BDE-47 exhibited unchanged cell viability but decreased release of IL-6 and TNF-α when responding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression levels of p-p65, p-IκBα, TrkA and p-Akt involved in NF-κB pathway were obviously decreased, and NF-κB activator PMA could recover the BDE-47-induced inhibitory effect on IL-6 and TNF-α release by lymphocytes in response to LPS. In vivo data showed that BDE-47 orally administered to mice (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg per day, 30 days) did not significantly affect body weight, organ index and histomorphology of spleen. However, ELISA assay showed that serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels from BDE-47-treated mice after intraperitoneal injection of LPS were significantly reduced, and high-throughput mouse cytokines screening found 13 more cytokines down-regulated in the serum. Transcriptomic sequencing of spleens identified 488 differential expressed genes (DEGs). GO enrichment analysis of these DEGs suggested that the GO term of response to LPS (GO: 0032,496) was significantly involved. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs significantly enriched in multiple immune-related signaling pathways including the NF-κB signaling pathway (mmu04064). Overall, these data suggested that BDE-47 could negatively regulate NF-κB signaling pathways to inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes to LPS, suggesting that exposures to BDE-47 may disturb the immune balance and increase the body's susceptibility to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Xue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Wencan Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Dongmeng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
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19
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In Situ Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Acid Nanospheres with anti-Leach Properties for the Development of Fire-Resistant Wood. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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20
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Casella M, Lori G, Coppola L, La Rocca C, Tait S. BDE-47, -99, -209 and Their Ternary Mixture Disrupt Glucose and Lipid Metabolism of Hepg2 Cells at Dietary Relevant Concentrations: Mechanistic Insight through Integrated Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214465. [PMID: 36430946 PMCID: PMC9697228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic chemicals implied as flame retardants. Humans are mainly exposed to BDE-47, -99, and -209 congeners by diet. PBDEs are metabolic disruptors with the liver as the main target organ. To investigate their mode of action at a human-relevant concentration, we exposed HepG2 cells to these congeners and their mixture at 1 nM, analyzing their transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. KEGG pathways and GSEA Hallmarks enrichment analyses evidenced that BDE-47 disrupted the glucose metabolism and hypoxia pathway; all the congeners and the MIX affected lipid metabolism and signaling Hallmarks regulating metabolism as mTORC1 and PI3K/AKT/MTOR. These results were confirmed by glucose secretion depletion and increased lipid accumulation, especially in BDE-47 and -209 treated cells. These congeners also affected the EGFR/MAPK signaling; further, BDE-47 enriched the estrogen pathway. Interestingly, BDE-209 and the MIX increased ERα gene expression, whereas all the congeners and the MIX induced ERβ and PPARα. We also found that PBDEs modulated several lncRNAs and that HNRNAP1 represented a central hub in all the four interaction networks. Overall, the PBDEs investigated affected glucose and lipid metabolism with different underlying modes of action, as highlighted by the integrated omics analysis, at a dietary relevant concentration. These results may support the mechanism-based risk assessment of these compounds in relation to liver metabolism disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Casella
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lori
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Science Department, Università Degli Studi di Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Coppola
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902839
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21
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Wang S, Wu W, Chen Q, Ding Z, Li S, Zhang A, Tang T, Liu J, Okoye PU. Preparation of DOPO‐derived magnesium phosphate whisker and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Zhan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Sanxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China
| | - Patrick U. Okoye
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER‐UNAM) Temixco Mexico
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22
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Rani M, Sillanpää M, Shanker U. An updated review on environmental occurrence, scientific assessment and removal of brominated flame retardants by engineered nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115998. [PMID: 36001915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive manufacturing and use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), they are known to be hazardous, bioaccumulative, and recalcitrant pollutants in various environmental matrices. BFRs make flame-resistant items for industrial purposes (textiles, electronics, and plastics equipment) that are disposed of in massive amounts and leak off in various environmental matrices. The consumption of plastic items has expanded tremendously during the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted into the increasing load of solid waste on land and water. Some BFRs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs), are no longer utilized or manufactured owing to their negative impacts, which promotes the utilization of new BFRs as alternatives. BFRs have been discovered worldwide in soil, sludge, water, and other contamination sources. Various approaches such as photocatalysis-based oxidation/reduction, adsorption, and heat treatment have been found to eradicate BFRs from the environment. Nanomaterials with unique properties are one of the most successful methodologies for removing BFRs via photocatalysis. These methods have been praised for being low-cost, quick, and highly efficient. Engineered nanoparticles degraded BFRs when exposed to light and either convert them into safer metabolites or completely mineralize. Scientific assessment of research taking place in this area during the past five years has been discussed. This review offers comprehensive details on environmental occurrence, toxicity, and removal of BFRs from various sources. Degradation pathways and different removal strategies related to data have also been presented. An attempt has also been made to highlight the research gaps prevailing in the current research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, 2028, South Africa
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
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23
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Chen Y, Yang J, Yao B, Zhi D, Luo L, Zhou Y. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment: Environmental sources, biological effects, remediation techniques, and perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119918. [PMID: 35952990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been identified as emerging contaminants, which poses a great threat to human health and ecosystem. Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, brominated flame retardants, steroid hormones and alkylphenols are representative of this type of contaminant, which are closely related to daily life. Unfortunately, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not treat EDCs as targets in the normal treatment process, resulting in EDCs entering the environment. Few studies have systematically reviewed the related content of EDCs in terms of occurrence, harm and remediation. For this reason, in this article, the sources and exposure routes of common EDCs are systematically described. The existence of EDCs in the environment is mainly related to human activities (Wastewater discharges and industrial activities). The common hazards of these EDCs are clarified based on available toxicological data. At the same time, the mechanism and effect of some mainstream EDCs remediation technologies (such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, membrane bioreactor, constructed wetland, etc.) are separately mentioned. Moreover, our perspectives are provided for further research of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dan Zhi
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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24
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Kapraun DF, Zurlinden TJ, Verner MA, Chiang C, Dzierlenga MW, Carlson LM, Schlosser PM, Lehmann GM. A Generic Pharmacokinetic Model for Quantifying Mother-to-Offspring Transfer of Lipophilic Persistent Environmental Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:155-174. [PMID: 35951756 PMCID: PMC9713949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) can accumulate in a woman's body and transfer to her developing child across the placenta and via breast milk. To assess health risks associated with developmental exposures to LPECs, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model that quantifies mother-to-offspring transfer of LPECs during pregnancy and lactation and facilitates internal dosimetry calculations for offspring. We parameterized the model for mice, rats, and humans using time-varying functions for body mass and milk consumption rates. The only required substance-specific parameter is the elimination half-life of the LPEC in the animal species of interest. We used the model to estimate whole-body concentrations in mothers and offspring following maternal exposures to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and compared these with measured concentrations from animal studies. We also compared estimated concentrations for humans to those generated using a previously published human LPEC PK model. Finally, we compared human equivalent doses (HEDs) calculated using our model and an allometric scaling method. Estimated and observed whole-body concentrations of HCB and PCB 153 in offspring followed similar trends and differed by less than 60%. Simulations of human exposure yielded concentration estimates comparable to those generated using the previously published model, with concentrations in offspring differing by less than 12%. HEDs calculated using our PK model were about 2 orders of magnitude lower than those generated using allometric scaling. Our PK model can be used to calculate internal dose metrics for offspring and corresponding HEDs and thus informs assessment of developmental toxicity risks associated with LPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin F. Kapraun
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Todd J. Zurlinden
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1A8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS Du Centre-Sud-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Catheryne Chiang
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael W. Dzierlenga
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Laura M. Carlson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Paul M. Schlosser
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Geniece M. Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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25
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Zhang Z, Hu M, Xuan D, Wu L, Zhang Y, He G, Zhou Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of BDE-209 following oral exposure in Chinese population. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113416. [PMID: 36096292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The wide usage of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) as additive brominated flame retardant has caused its widespread occurrence in the environment and high exposure risk in humans. Estimating its internal exposure dose and reconstruction of external exposure dose using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach is a key step in the risk assessment of BDE-209. However, the PBPK model for BDE-209 is currently unavailable. This study has established two oral permeability-limited PBPK models of BDE-209 without enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) (model 1) and with EHR (model 2) for Chinese population. Using the in vitro experiments, the average binding of BDE-209 to human plasma protein (99.64% ± 2.97%) was obtained. Moreover, blood sample analysis and systematic literature review were performed to obtain internal and external exposure data of BDE-209 used for model calibration and validation. The predictions of both models were within 2-fold of the observed, and a longer half-life of serum BDE-209 was observed in model 2 than model 1. Based on the models, a human biomonitoring guidance value (HBM-GV) of 93.61 μg/g lw was derived for BDE-209, and there is no health risk found for Chinese population currently. This study provides new quantitative assessment tools for health risk assessment of BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Zhang
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Man Hu
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Dongliang Xuan
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Linying Wu
- Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the Peoples' republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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26
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Dvoršćak M, Jagić K, Besednik L, Šimić I, Klinčić D. First application of microwave-assisted extraction in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through the diet: An update of the scientific literature. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113322. [PMID: 35872254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). As for other persistent organic pollutants, dietary intake (followed by dust inhalation) is the main route of human exposure to PBDEs. In 2012, we reviewed the scientific literature on the concentrations of PBDEs in foodstuffs and their dietary exposure. The current review is aimed at updating the results of recent studies (2012-2022) focused on determining the levels of PBDEs in food samples, as well as the dietary intake of these compounds. We have revised studies conducted over the world. The current information on the concentrations of PBDEs in food and their dietary intake is now much more notable than that available in our previous review, being China the country contributing with the highest number of studies. Because of the important differences in materials and methods used in the available studies, the comparison of results is certainly complicated. However, there seems to be a general trend towards a decrease in the levels of PBDEs in foods, and consequently, in the dietary intake of these contaminants. The lack of tolerable daily intakes of PBDEs is an issue that needs to be solved for assessing human health risks of these BFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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28
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Ren Q, Xie X, Zhao C, Wen Q, Pan R, Du Y. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE 47) Selectively Stimulates Proatherogenic PPARγ Signatures in Human THP-1 Macrophages to Contribute to Foam Cell Formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1023-1035. [PMID: 35575305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) is one of the most prominent PBDE congeners detected in the human body, suggesting that the potential health risks of PBDE 47 should be thoroughly considered. However, the cardiovascular toxicity of PBDE 47 remains poorly understood. Here, toxic outcomes of PBDE 47 in human THP-1 macrophages concerning foam cell formation, which play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, were elucidated. First, our results indicated that PBDE 47 affected the PPARγ pathway most efficiently in THP-1 macrophages by transcriptomic analysis. Second, the PPARγ target genes CD36 and FABP4, responsible for lipid uptake and accumulation in macrophages, were consistently upregulated both at transcriptional and translational levels in THP-1 macrophages upon PBDE 47. Unexpectedly, PBDE 47 failed to activate the PPARγ target gene LXRα and PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 cascade, which is activated by the PPARγ full agonist rosiglitazone and enables cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Thus, coincident with the selective upregulation of the PPARγ target genes CD36 and FABP4, PBDE 47, distinct from rosiglitazone, functionally resulted in more lipid accumulation and oxLDL uptake in THP-1 macrophages through high-content analysis (HCA). Moreover, these effects were markedly abrogated by the addition of the PPARγ antagonist T0070907. Mechanistically, the structural basis of selective activation of PPARγ by PBDE 47 was explored by molecular docking and dynamics simulation, which indicated that PBDE 47 interacted with the PPARγ ligand binding domain (PPARγ-LBD) distinctively from that of rosiglitazone. PBDE 47 was revealed to interact with helix 3 and helix 5 but not helix 12 in the PPARγ-LBD. Collectively, these results unraveled the potential cardiovascular toxicity of PBDE 47 by selective activation of PPARγ to facilitate foam cell formation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Li Y, Zhang J, Ji C, Xiao P, Tang J. Habitat-dependent trophic transfer of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in estuarine and coastal food webs near a source region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118987. [PMID: 35157930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the phase-out of legacy halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), emerging ones, such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), are being widely produced. We conducted field campaigns to assess the trophic transfer of legacy and emerging HFRs in estuarine and coastal food webs of Laizhou Bay, which are located near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China. Seawater, sediment, plankton, invertebrates, and fish were collected from both sites. BDE-209 was the predominant compound in the estuary, whereas DBDPE was the main contributor to HFRs in the bay, followed by BDE-209. Invertebrates, especially bivalves and sea cucumbers, showed higher levels of BDE-209 and DBDPE than fish. The HFR levels in the organisms of the two coastal zones were comparable to each other, although their concentrations in the estuarine water were one order of magnitude higher than those in the bay. The HFR profiles in benthic organisms were similar to those in the sediments, indicating that the bioaccumulation of HFRs in coastal food webs depended on the habitat. The ΣHFR concentrations followed the order filter-feeding > carnivorous for invertebrates, and demersal non-migratory fish showed higher HFR levels than oceanodromous fish. The trophic magnification factors estimated for BDE-209, dechlorane plus, and DBDPE were lower than 1, suggesting biodilution potential in both food webs, whereas several PBDE congeners exhibited biomagnification capacity. Feeding habits, habitats, hydrophobicity, bioavailability, and metabolism may be the main factors impacting the bioaccumulation of HFRs in organisms in estuarine-coastal ecosystems of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecast Center, Yantai Municipal Marine Development and Fishery Bureau, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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30
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Hong X, Zhang S, Tian Z, Qin S, Yang L, Liu D, Gu Z, Chen J. Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Hong
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shiqian Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhanyong Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering Shijiazhuang University, NO. 6 Changjiang Road Shijiazhuang 050035 P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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Sousa S, Maia ML, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. The role of adipose tissue analysis on Environmental Pollutants Biomonitoring in women: The European scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150922. [PMID: 34655625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed every day to assorted environmental pollutants namely, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), brominated flame-retardants (BFR), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), synthetic musks, heavy metals (e.g. cadmium) and plastic additives (e.g. bisphenol A, BPA). Besides environmental persistence, biomagnification and bioaccumulative properties, these pollutants are classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs), metabolic disruptors, neurologic disruptors. These compounds affect the normal function of several mechanisms in the human body being linked to human health issues as cancer development (e.g. breast, uterine and endometrial), miscarriage, birth defects, premature delivery and infertility. In order to prevent future health issue of women and possible progeny, the assessment of EDs accumulated is essential, particularly in adipose tissue. These samples have been referred as the ideal matrix to establish over time accumulation and long-term exposure of persistent and non-persistent lipophilic EDs. However, the invasive sample collection procedure and methodology processing discourages the usage of this matrix for biomonitoring studies. In this review, a Web of Science search without any publishing year restriction on the analysis in adipose tissue of PCB, OCP, BPA, cadmium, BFR and synthetic musks was performed. A total of 313 studies were found, 158 were European studies from which the studies with data on women EDs accumulation were selected for detailed analysis (n = 90). The results were structured and presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The present paper is an overview on the existent EDs analytical methods and levels accumulated in women adipose tissue, with the correspondent health implications across Europe. The limits of detection and quantification were compared and a discussion with results obtained about the presence of ED was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Liu D, Xue D, Lu W, Yang Z, Li L, Xia B, Wei J, Chen X, Yang Y, Wang X, Lin G. BDE-47 induced PC-12 cell differentiation via TrkA downstream pathways and caused the loss of hippocampal neurons in BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126850. [PMID: 34419847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) detected in environment and human biotic samples, 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has been found to accumulate in brain and induce neurotoxicity, however, the detailed mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. To investigate the neurotoxicity of BDE-47, undifferentiated PC-12 cells were exposed to different doses of BDE-47, and BDE-47 dissolved in corn oil was orally administered to mice for 8 consecutive weeks. Our data showed that BDE-47 obviously changed cell morphology, altered cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BDE-47 promoted the differentiation of PC-12 cells by enhancing the expression of TrkA receptor and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt. Moreover, BDE-47-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells was suppressed by inhibitors of corresponding pathways (MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt). H&E staining of brain showed neurons in DG and CA1 areas of hippocampus decreased after BDE-47 exposure. Transcriptome sequencing of brain tissue suggested that multiple signaling pathways related to neuron death and nerve function were significantly regulated. In conclusion, these results provided new evidence for revealing the neurotoxicity of BDE-47, and offered important experimental basis for environmental controlling and post-exposure health risk assessment of BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dahui Xue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencan Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuochun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxiong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Bonato T, Beggio G, Pivato A, Piazza R. Maize plant (Zea mays) uptake of organophosphorus and novel brominated flame retardants from hydroponic cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132456. [PMID: 34606891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The root uptake and root-shoot translocation of seven organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were assessed in this investigation using hydroponic grown maize plants (Zea mays). Three initial liquid concentrations for each considered compound were examined (i.e., 0.3 μg L-1, 3 μg L-1, 30 μg L-1). The results indicated that the 30 μg L-1 treatments were phytotoxic, as they resulted in a significant decrease in shoot dry weight. Plant-driven removal of the tested FRs decreased with the increasing initial spiking level and were reportedly higher for the NBFRs (range 42%-10%) than OPFRs (range 19%-7%). All the considered FRs were measured in the roots (range 0.020-6.123 μg g-1 dry weight -DW-) and shoots (range 0.012-1.364 μg g-1 DW) of the tested plants, confirming that there was uptake. Linear relationships were identified between the chemical concentrations in the plant parts and the tested hydroponic concentrations. Root concentration factors were positively correlated with the specific lipophilicity (i.e., logKow) of the tested FRs and were determined to be higher for the NBFRs than the OPFRs. The NBFRs had a higher root uptake rate than the OPFRs, and this trend was more significant with the increasing treatment concentrations. Shoot/root concentration factors were found to be lower than the unity value for 10 of the 11 tested compounds. These results can be related to the specific molecular configurations and the occurrence of different functional groups in the tested compounds. The results will help to improve risk assessment procedures and fine tune our understanding of human receptor responses to the ingestion of maize crops grown on agricultural sites irrigated with water contaminated by FRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICEA), University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICEA), University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastics in Electronic Waste Using Solvent-Based Processing. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, less than 20% of electronic waste (E-waste) produced in the U.S. is recycled. To improve the recycling rate of E-waste, the study aimed to: (1) identify the major plastics found within electronic shredder residue (ESR), (2) design solvents and processing conditions capable of separating out 90% of the plastic in ESR, and (3) estimate the energy efficiency of the solvent-based process developed. Preliminary screening showed 25 wt.% of the ESR was composed of plastics, with two polymers dominating the sorted plastic fraction—polystyrene (PS, 40 wt.%) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, 25 wt.%). Subsequently, solvents and anti-solvents were screened using Hansen Solubility Parameter Theory for PS, ABS, and ESR dissolution. The pre-screening results showed dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the most effective solvents for PS and ABS, with methanol (MeOH) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the most effective anti-solvents. By optimizing the dissolution time and the solvents used, the highest polymer dissolution yield (99 wt.%) was achieved using DCM for 48 h. Both MeOH and EG precipitated 71 wt.% of the polymer fraction of ESR. EG removed more phosphorus containing flame retardants (94 wt.%) than MeOH (69 wt.%). Energy analysis indicated that the solvent-based processes could save 25–60% of the embodied energy for PS and ABS. Characterization showed that the solvent-based processing could preserve the high molecular weight fraction of the polymers while removing flame retardants at the same time. The results from this study prove the potential of solvent-based processing to produce secondary plastic materials from E-waste for cross-industry reuse.
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Wang Z, Cao L, Wan Y, Wang J, Bai F, Xie P. Enhanced degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by Fe 3+/sulfite process under simulated sunlight irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131442. [PMID: 34256205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), an emerging micropollutant, by photo/Fe3+/sulfite process was investigated under different operational conditions and water matrices. 91% of TBBPA was efficiently degraded within 30 min in the Fe3+/sulfite system under sunlight irradiation when the initial pH was 6.0, which is much higher than that of TBBPA without irradiation (52%). The acceleration of radical generation and direct photolysis by photo irradiation were responsible for the enhanced TBBPA degradation. Although this process showed better performance on TBBPA degradation in weak acid conditions, the high removal efficiency was also achieved at near-neutral pH. HO, SO4- and direct photolysis contributed to TBBPA degradation. Direct photolysis and SO4- presented the dominant contribution. The degradation rate increased with elevating the Fe3+ dose (10-40 μM), but slightly decreased when the Fe3+ dose was further raised to 100 μM. Similarly, the degradation efficiency initially increased with increasing the sulfite dose (100-400 μM), but decreased when the sulfite concentration reached 1000 μM. Dissolved oxygen played a crucial role in TBBPA degradation, the presence of water matrices such as humic acid (0.8-4.0 mg/L), bicarbonate (0.5-10 mM) and chloride (0.5-10 mM) retarded TBBPA degradation. This study proposed a new efficient strategy to enhance TBBPA degradation in the Fe3+/sulfite process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lisan Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fan Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Ye S, Li S, Ma Y, Hu D, Xiao F. Curcumin hinders PBDE-47-induced neutrophil extracellular traps release via Nrf2-associated ROS inhibition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112779. [PMID: 34530259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE-47), a kind of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) brominated flame retardant, has been widely used in various consumer products. However, the toxicity of PBDE-47 on human immune system has not been well elucidated. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the innate immune responses, and the release of NETs is recognized as the most important part of the extracellular killing mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PBDE-47 on NETs and its possible molecular mechanism, as well as the intervention effect of curcumin (Cur). In this study, the formation of PBDE-47-induced NETs was observed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and was also quantitatively detected by DNA dye SYTOX green. In addition, we used Cur and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 to explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 signaling pathway in PBDE-47-induced reticular formation. We demonstrated that PBDE-47 could significantly induce the formation of NETs, and its molecular mechanism might be related to ROS burst. Cur reduced ROS and inhibited PBDE-47-induced NETs formation by interfering with Nrf2. In conclusion, this study revealed that Cur hindered PBDE-47-induced NETs via Nrf2-associated ROS inhibition, which enriched the cytotoxicity mechanism of PBDE-47, and provided a new clue for the development of Cur as an antagonist of PBDE-47-related immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Die Hu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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Bayebila Menanzambi T, Dufour P, Pirard C, Nsangu J, Mufusama JP, Mbinze Kindenge J, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Charlier C. Bio-surveillance of environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): a small pilot study. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:197. [PMID: 34782023 PMCID: PMC8591802 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollutants are known to be ubiquitous and may present toxic effects (endocrine-disruption properties, carcinogenicity …) and represent a real threat to human health. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the content of environmental pollutants (inorganic, persistent, and non-persistent pollutants) in biological samples (urine, serum, and whole blood), collected from volunteers in Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, in order to identify pollutants of interest and to design a protocol for a larger scale study. METHODS From randomly selected 15 volunteers living in Kinshasa, aged from 25 to 66 years, (mean age = 43.4 years), including 10 men and 5 women, urine, whole blood, and serum samples were used in this study to estimate the contents in these environmental pollutants, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS When compared to data nationally and internationally available, the preliminary outcomes of this study indicated a very high level of exposure to environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, especially for heavy metals, parabens and triclosan. To a lesser extent, contamination measured for glyphosate, phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroids and dialkylphosphate pesticides was also significant. In contrast, the investigated population of Kinshasa was found to be weakly exposed to other persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, phenolic organohalogens, and perfluoroalkyl substances. CONCLUSION Although the biologic fluids were collected from a limited number of volunteers (n = 15), the results of the present report clearly indicate that the population of Kinshasa is not spared by the investigated environmental pollutants. Moreover, this study gives us important information to design a larger scale study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Nsangu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Pierre Mufusama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Mbinze Kindenge
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Chen S, Che S, Li S, Ruan Z. The combined impact of decabromodiphenyl ether and high fat exposure on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology 2021; 464:153015. [PMID: 34757160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a public health concern. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and high fat (HF) exposure cause liver injury, yet the combined impact on NAFLD development remains unclear. HepG2 cells were incubated with BDE-209 or/and HF reagent (Csodium oleate/Csodium palmitate = 2/1) for establishing the in vitro model, while C57BL/6 mice fed BDE-209 or/and HF diet (HFD) was the in vivo model. Oil Red O staining and the determination of triglyceride, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents proved the elevated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress by the mixture of BDE-209 and HF in HepG2 cells, consistent in C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, the action analysis showed the synergistic effect between BDE-209 and HF, suggesting that the population preferring the HFD is more susceptible to BDE-209 to aggravate the progression of NAFLD. Further, the increased protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 was considered to be responsible for hepatic steatosis. The impairment of antioxidant system was reflected by the lower hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activities and reduced glutathione level, explaining the detected excessive ROS production. Besides, using high content analysis, the decline of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which was closed to the NAFLD pathogenesis, was also demonstrated in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Siyan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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Dorosh O, Fernandes VC, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Occurrence of pesticides and environmental contaminants in vineyards: Case study of Portuguese grapevine canes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148395. [PMID: 34412412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Every year, after grape harvesting, high quantities of vine-canes are generated. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds present in this woody material, several studies reported their potential to be used in different sustainable applications. However, before employing vine-canes in this kind of products, their safety needs to be assessed. A robust method for identification and quantification of 30 environmental contaminants (12 organochloride pesticides (OCPs), 6 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 brominated flame retardants (BFRs)) in vine-canes was developed. For that, the extraction and clean-up procedures were optimized, namely the vine-canes size, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) composition and the amount of carbon used in the dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE). Suitable analytical parameters were obtained: linearity (r2) >0.99 for all the studied compounds and for the solvent and matrix-matched standards; relative standard deviation (RSD) below 14%; and mean recoveries for two spiking levels (10 and 20 μg/kg) between 75 and 103%, excepting for the PCBs that ranged between 59 and 105%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.38 and 1.09 and 1.26 to 3.64 μg/kg, respectively. Regarding the analysis of 19 vine-cane samples, corresponding to four different varieties (Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alvarinho, and Loureiro) collected in four different years in the North of Portugal, five contaminants (aldrin, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28), and 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101)) were detected. However, only α-HCH (5.85 ± 0.32 to 5.99 ± 0.25 μg/kg) and aldrin (2.44 ± 0.15 μg/kg) were quantified above the LOQ. The screening of environmental contaminants in vine-canes is essential to waste valorization, especially if the goal is to apply them in products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Dorosh
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Barnett LMA, Kramer NE, Buerger AN, Love DH, Bisesi JH, Cummings BS. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Differential Nephrotoxicity of Diverse Brominated Flame Retardants in Rat and Human Renal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810044. [PMID: 34576211 PMCID: PMC8465879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are environmentally persistent, are detected in humans, and some have been banned due to their potential toxicity. BFRs are developmental neurotoxicants and endocrine disruptors; however, few studies have explored their potential nephrotoxicity. We addressed this gap in the literature by determining the toxicity of three different BFRs (tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)) in rat (NRK 52E) and human (HK-2 and RPTEC) tubular epithelial cells. All compounds induced time- and concentration-dependent toxicity based on decreases in MTT staining and changes in cell and nuclear morphology. The toxicity of BFRs was chemical- and cell-dependent, and human cells were more susceptible to all three BFRs based on IC50s after 48 h exposure. BFRs also had chemical- and cell-dependent effects on apoptosis as measured by increases in annexin V and PI staining. The molecular mechanisms mediating this toxicity were investigated using RNA sequencing. Principal components analysis supported the hypothesis that BFRs induce different transcriptional changes in rat and human cells. Furthermore, BFRs only shared nine differentially expressed genes in rat cells and five in human cells. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated chemical- and cell-dependent effects; however, some commonalities were also observed. Namely, gene sets associated with extracellular matrix turnover, the coagulation cascade, and the SNS-related adrenal cortex response were enriched across all cell lines and BFR treatments. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that BFRs induce differential toxicity in rat and human renal cell lines that is mediated by differential changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi E Kramer
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amanda N Buerger
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Deirdre H Love
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Tang J, Hu B, Zheng H, Qian X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Li W, Xu L. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) activates Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome/p38 MAPK pathway inducing necrosis in cochlear hair cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112423. [PMID: 34146985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely used as commercial flame retardants that can be released into the environment and finally enter human body through the food chain. It has been identified to generate neurotoxicity, but little is known about auditory damage and the underlying mechanism following BDE-47 exposure. This study aimed to assess the cell viability with BDE-47 concentration ranging from 0 to 150 μM in mouse organ of Corti-derived cell lines (HEI-OC1). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an environmental sensor, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK pathways were detected. Results: (1) BDE-47 inhibited the viability in a time- and dose-dependent way in HEI-OC1 cells. Cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase by BDE-47; (2) Elevated intracellular ROS, LDH levels and necrosis were found, which was alleviated by pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC); (3) AhR plays an essential role in ligand-regulated transcription factor activation by exogenous environmental compounds. We found increased expression of AhR and decreased downstream targets of CYP 1A1 and CYP 1B1 in BDE-47-treated HEI-OC1 cells, which was reversed by the AhR antagonist CH-223191 for 2 h before BDE-47 exposure. No significant change was detected in CYP 2B; (4) Enhanced expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were induced by BDE-47, with up-regulations of both pro-inflammatory factors for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory factors for IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, but down-regulation for IL-1α; (5) Additionally, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated with increased phosphorylation levels of MKK/3/6, p38 MAPK and NF-kB. Overall, our findings illustrate a role of AhR in ROS-induced necrosis of cochlear hair cells by BDE-47 exposure, in which NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated. The current study first elucidates the sense of hearing damage induced by BDE-47, and cell-specific or mixture exposures in vivo or human studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Immunopathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China; Department of Public Health, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China.
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Martinez G, Niu J, Takser L, Bellenger JP, Zhu J. A review on the analytical procedures of halogenated flame retardants by gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry and their levels in human samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117476. [PMID: 34082369 PMCID: PMC8355089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) market is continuously evolving and have moved from the extensive use of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) to more recent introduced mixtures such as Firemaster 550, Firemaster 680, DP-25, DP-35, and DP-515. These substitutes are mainly composed of non-PBDEs HFRs such as 2-ethyl-hexyl tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). Other HFRs commonly being monitored include Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechlorane 602 (Dec602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec603), Dechlorane 604 (Dec604), 5,6-dibromo-1,10, 11, 12,13,13-hexachloro- 11-tricyclo[8.2.1.02,9]tridecane (HCDBCO) and 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene (OBTMPI). This review aims at highlighting the advances in the past decade (2010-2020) on both the analytical procedures of HFRs in human bio-specimens using gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry and synthesizing the information on the levels of these HFRs in human samples. Human specimen included in this review are blood, milk, stool/meconium, hair and nail. The review summarizes the analytical methods, including extraction and clean-up techniques, used for measuring HFRs in biological samples, which are largely adopted from those for analysing PBDEs. In addition, new challenges in the analysis to include both PBDEs and a wide range of other HFRs are also discussed in this review. Review of the levels of HFRs in human samples shows that PBDEs are still the most predominant HFRs in many cases, followed by DP. However, emerging HFRs are also being detected in human despite of the fact that both their detection frequencies and levels are lower than PBDEs and DP. It is clearly demonstrated in this review that people working in the industry or living close to the industrial areas have higher HFR levels in their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Phillipe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Lefebvre T, Fréour T, Ploteau S, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP, Cano-Sancho G. Associations between human internal chemical exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) outcomes: Systematic review and evidence map of human epidemiological evidence. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:184-197. [PMID: 34517099 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of environmental chemicals like persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on reproductive health is still poorly understood, despite the high societal and economical costs. The aim of the present study was to systematically review and evaluate the human evidence on the associations between internal levels of POPs and in vitro Fertilization (IVF) outcomes among women. We applied a protocol based on the National Toxicology Program Office of Health Assessment and Translation's guidelines for the study search, selection and quality assessment. Fifteen studies were finally retained in the present work. The results showed that main families of POPs are still pervasive in follicular fluid and serum of women undergoing IVF treatments. Globally, we found inconsistent findings across studies for specific exposure-outcome dyads, suggesting that adverse effects of POPs on IVF outcomes cannot be ruled out. Specifically, there is evidence that POPs, notably some polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides, may impair embryo quality and pregnancy rates. Most studies have been performed in small cohorts (n<50) and focused on PCBs and OCPs, whereas major research gaps remain for emerging compounds (e.g. perfluoroalkylated substances) and the most clinically relevant outcome, live birth rate. The overall evidence presented 'serious' or 'very serious' risk of bias, mainly due to the lack of consideration of relevant confounding variables, low sample size or underreporting of methods. Globally, we judged the level of evidence being "low". Given the high economical and societal costs associated to infertility and IVF, further well-designed research is urged to fill the highlighted gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Lefebvre
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRAE, 44307, Nantes, France; Department of Biology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Fréour
- Department of Biology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology UMR 1064, INSERM, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Ploteau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Huang X, Cui Z, Ding C, Su Q, Lin X, Wang W, Yin Q, Wang X. Differential Accumulation of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin in Free-Range Laying Hens from an E-Waste Recycling Area. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10329-10337. [PMID: 34449201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are environmental pollutants of emerging concern. Long-chain CPs (LCCPs) are considered of lesser concern than other CPs in food due to their lower accumulation in most organisms. However, LCCPs have been shown to accumulate preferentially in birds. We used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS) to analyze CPs (C10-26Cl4-12) in tissues of free-range hens, their feed, and local soils. Feed was found to be the main source of CP intake. The CP carbon chain length had little impact on their absorption. C18-CPs were excreted in preference to C13-CPs by laying. The metabolic elimination rates of CPs (0.2 μg/mL) estimated using chicken liver microsomes were in the order C12Cl6 (91%) > C12Cl8 (57%) > C18Cl6 (12%) > C18Cl8 (6%). CPs with longer carbon chains accumulated preferentially in muscle and adipose tissues, and the accumulation of specific carbon chain lengths was related to the content and composition of different CPs in the intake source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zefeng Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenhong Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiuquan Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuexian Lin
- Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology Monitoring Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiumiao Yin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Roila R, Branciari R, Ranucci D, Stramenga A, Tavoloni T, Stecconi T, Franceschini R, Piersanti A. Risk Characterization and Benefit-Risk Assessment of Brominated Flame Retardant in Commercially Exploited Freshwater Fishes and Crayfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168763. [PMID: 34444507 PMCID: PMC8393685 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were the most widely used in past decades. BFRs not being chemically bonded to polymers means they can easily leach from the products into the environment and bioaccumulate. Humans are exposed to flame retardants mainly through food consumption, especially fish and fish products. In the present study, the occurrence of PBDEs and HBCDs in freshwater fishes and crayfish from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria region, central Italy) was assessed according to monitoring plans recommended by European competent authorities. The dietary exposure of the central Italian population to such molecules was calculated, and the risk characterization and the benefit–risk evaluation were also assessed. A total of 90 samples were analyzed by means of gas and liquid chromatography associated with triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy. A total of 51% of samples were found positive for at least one of the congeners; the most frequently found molecule was BDE-47. The data on dietary exposure ranged from 0.138 to 1.113 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑PBDE and from 0.805 to 0.868 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑HBCD. The data show no health risks for the central Italian population consuming freshwater fish products from Lake Trasimeno in relation to exposure to PBDE and HBCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7936 (R.B.); +39-075-585-7931 (D.R.)
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7936 (R.B.); +39-075-585-7931 (D.R.)
| | - Arianna Stramenga
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (T.T.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Tamara Tavoloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (T.T.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Tommaso Stecconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (T.T.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (T.T.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
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Lumio RT, Tan MA, Magpantay HD. Biotechnology-based microbial degradation of plastic additives. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:350. [PMID: 34221820 PMCID: PMC8217394 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic additives are agents responsible to the flame resistance, durability, microbial resistance, and flexibility of plastic products. High demand for production and use of plastic additives is associated with environmental accumulation and various health hazards. One of the suitable methods of depleting plastic additive in the environment is bioremediation as it offers cost-efficiency, convenience, and sustainability. Microbial activity is one of the effective ways of detoxifying various compounds as microorganisms can adapt in an environment with high prevalence of pollutants. The present review discusses the use and abundance of these plastic additives, their health-related risks, the microorganisms capable of degrading them, the proposed mechanism of biodegradation, and current innovations capable of improving the efficiency of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob T. Lumio
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Mario A. Tan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo, Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hilbert D. Magpantay
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
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Hsu PC, Li ZK, Lai CS, Tseng LH, Lee CW, Cheng FJ, Chang CY, Chen JR. Transgenerational effects of BDE-209 on male reproduction in F3 offspring rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129829. [PMID: 35534961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), a congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, is a commonly used brominated flame retardant and a known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Knowledge about the effects of prenatal BDE-209 exposure on male reproduction and whether transgenerational effects occur in subsequent generations are scant. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to BDE-209 disrupted sperm function in the F1, F2, and F3 generations of male rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage from gestation day 0 to birth with 5 mg BDE-209/kg/day. This treatment was based on the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level for DNA damage to sperm in male offspring. On postnatal day 84 for all generations, epididymal sperm counts, motility, morphology, reactive oxygen species generation, sperm chromatin DNA structure integrity, testicular DNA content in spermatogenesis, and serum testosterone levels were assessed. DNA methyltransferase (Dnmts) mRNA expression and methyl-CpG binding domain sequencing were also examined to analyze DNA methylation status in the F3 generation. In the F1 generation, prenatal exposure to BDE-209 disrupted body weight, decreased anogenital distance (AGD), sperm count, and motility; and increased bent tail rates of sperm. In the F2 generation, exposure to BDE-209 decreased AGD, sperm count, normal morphology rates, Dnmt1 expression, and increased Dnmt3a expression. In the F3 generation, BDE-209 exposure decreased AGD and normal sperm morphology, disrupted testicular elongated spermatid and round spermatid rates, reduced serum testosterone levels, and inhibited the mRNA expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b. Compared with the control group, there existed 215 differentially hyper-methylated and 83 hypo-methylated genes in the BDE-209 group. BDE-209 is an EDC to disrupt the male reproduction from F1 to F3. BDE-209-induced changes in sperm function and hyper- or hypo-DNA methylation in the F3 generation might therefore explain the possible mechanism underlying BDE-209-mediated epigenetic transgenerational effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81164, Taiwan.
| | - Zheng-Kuan Li
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81164, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ho Tseng
- Department of Environmental Science and Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81164, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Renn Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81164, Taiwan
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Corsolini S, Metzdorff A, Baroni D, Roscales JL, Jiménez B, Cerro-Gálvez E, Dachs J, Galbán-Malagón C, Audy O, Kohoutek J, Přibylova P, Poblete-Morales M, Avendaño-Herrera R, Bergami E, Pozo K. Legacy and novel flame retardants from indoor dust in Antarctica: Sources and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110344. [PMID: 33068585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The air humidity in Antarctica is very low and this peculiar weather parameter make the use of flame retardants in research facilities highly needed for safety reasons, as fires are a major risk. Legacy and novel flame retardants (nFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and other nFRs were measured in indoor dust samples collected at research Stations in Antarctica: Gabriel de Castilla, Spain (GCS), Julio Escudero, Chile (JES), and onboard the RRS James Clark Ross, United Kingdom (RRS JCR). The GC-HRMS and LC-MS-MS analyses of dust samples revealed ∑7PBDEs of 41.5 ± 43.8 ng/g in rooms at GCS, 18.7 ± 11.6 ng/g at JES, and 27.2 ± 37.9 ng/g onboard the RRS JCR. PBDE pattern was different between the sites and most abundant congeners were BDE-183 (40%) at GCS, BDE-99 (50%) at JES, and BDE-153 (37%) onboard the RRS JCR. The ∑(4)HBCDs were 257 ± 407 ng/g, 14.9 ± 14.5 ng/g, and 761 ± 1043 ng/g in indoor dust collected in rooms at GCS, JES, and RRS JCR, respectively. The ∑9nFRs were 224 ± 178 ng/g at GCS, 14.1 ± 13.8 ng/g at JES, and 194 ± 392 ng/g on the RRS JCR. Syn- and anti-DP were detected in most of the samples and both isomers showed the highest concentrations at GCS: 163 ± 93.6 and 48.5 ± 61.1 ng/g, respectively. The laboratory and living room showed the highest concentration of HBCDs, DPs, BTBPE. The wide variations in FR levels in dust from the three research facilities and between differently used rooms reflect the different origin of furnishing, building materials and equipment. The potential health risk associated to a daily exposure via dust ingestion was assessed for selected FRs: BDEs 47, 99, and 153, α-, β-, and γ-HBCD, BTBPE, syn- and anti-DP. Although the estimated exposures are below the available reference doses, caution is needed given the expected increasing use of novel chemicals without a comprehensive toxicological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy.
| | - América Metzdorff
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cerro-Gálvez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Centre for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avda. República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matias Poblete-Morales
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - Elisa Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur #1457, Concepción, Chile
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50
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Burkhard LP, Lahren TJ, Highland TL, Hockett JR, Mount DR, Norberg-King TJ. Bioaccumulation of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate and Mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate by Lumbriculus variegatus. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:579-586. [PMID: 33730174 PMCID: PMC8168711 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The brominated flame retardant bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) is used widely in consumer items including polyurethane foam used in furniture. Information on its bioaccumulation in aquatic species is limited. In the current study, sediment bioaccumulation tests with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were performed on a spiked natural sediment equilibrated for 14.5 months. Analysis showed the TBPH used to spike the sediment contained a small amount (0.046% by mass) of mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBMEHP), a potential biotransformation product of the parent chemical. Steady-state biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of 0.254 and 1.50 (kg organic carbon/kg lipid) were derived for TBPH and TBMEHP, respectively. TBPH had biphasic elimination behavior where 94% of the body burden was depleted within the first 12 h of elimination (i.e., half-life of 1.2 h or less) and the remaining 6% eliminated very slowly thereafter (half-life of 15 days). There was little evidence for biotransformation of either chemical by L. variegatus. This investigation confirms the extremely hydrophobic behavior of TBPH and its impact on its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Burkhard
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA.
| | - Tylor J Lahren
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Terry L Highland
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - James R Hockett
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - David R Mount
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Teresa J Norberg-King
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
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