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Zhu B, Zhang Z, Pardeshi L, Chen Y, Ge W. Y box-binding protein 1 regulates zebrafish folliculogenesis partly through p21-mediated control of follicle cell proliferation. Development 2024; 151:dev202898. [PMID: 39470059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Y box-binding protein 1 (Ybx1/ybx1) regulates gene expression through DNA/RNA binding. In zebrafish, Ybx1 is highly abundant in primary growth (PG) follicles in the ovary, but decreases precipitously as the follicles enter the secondary growth (SG). To understand Ybx1 function in folliculogenesis, we created a ybx1 mutant using TALEN and observed disrupted folliculogenesis during the previtellogenic (PV) to early vitellogenic (EV) transition of SG, resulting in underdeveloped ovaries and infertility. Expression and western blot analyses revealed differential gene expression between ybx1-/- and control ovaries, with significantly increased expression of cdkn1a (p21), a cell cycle inhibitor, in ybx1-/- follicles. While cdkn1a knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 was embryonically lethal, the heterozygote (cdkn1a+/-) displayed advanced follicle activation and maturation, contrasting with the ybx1-/- phenotype. Partial loss of p21 alleviated the ybx1-/- phenotype, restoring folliculogenesis with normal PG-PV and PV-EV transitions in ybx1-/-;cdkn1a+/- mutants. While ybx1-/- mutant follicle cells displayed poor proliferation in vivo and in vitro, the cells from the ybx1-/-;cdkn1a+/- follicles resumed normal proliferation. In conclusion, Ybx1 is crucial for early folliculogenesis in zebrafish, potentially by repressing cdkn1a expression, either directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lakhansing Pardeshi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Ulhaq ZS, You MS, Jiang YJ, Tse WKF. p53 inhibitor or antioxidants reduce the severity of ethmoid plate deformities in zebrafish Type 3 Treacher Collins syndrome model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131216. [PMID: 38556235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome-3 (TCS-3) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder attributed to variants in the RNA pol I subunit C (POLR1C). The pathogenesis of TCS-3 linked to polr1c involves the activation of apoptosis-dependent p53 pathways within neural crest cells (NCCs). This occurs due to disruptions in ribosome biogenesis, and the restoration of polr1c expression in early embryogenesis effectively rescues the observed craniofacial phenotype in polr1c-deficient zebrafish. Clinical variability in TCS patients suggests interactions between genes and factors like oxidative stress. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelial cells may worsen phenotypic outcomes in TCS individuals. Our study confirmed excessive ROS production in facial regions, inducing apoptosis and altering p53 pathways. Deregulated cell-cycle and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes were also detected in the TCS-3 model. Utilizing p53 inhibitor (Pifithrin-α; PFT-α) or antioxidants (Glutathione; GSH and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; NAC) effectively corrected migrated NCC distribution in the pharyngeal arch (PA), suppressed oxidative stress, prevented cell death, and modulated EMT inducers. Crucially, inhibiting p53 activation or applying antioxidants within a specific time window, notably within 30 h post-fertilization (hpf), successfully reversed phenotypic effects induced by polr1c MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Liu D, Guan X, Liu W, Jia Y, Zhou H, Xi C, Zhao M, Fang Y, Wu L, Li K. Identification of transcriptome characteristics of granulosa cells and the possible role of UBE2C in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:203. [PMID: 37848988 PMCID: PMC10580542 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of infertility characterized by the functional decline of the ovary. Granulosa cells (GCs) around oocytes are critical for folliculogenesis, and GC dysfunction is one of the important etiologies of POI. The aim of this study was to explore the potential biomarkers of POI by identifying hub genes and analyze the correlation of biomarkers with immune infiltration in POI using RNA profiling and bioinformatics analysis. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on GCs from biochemical POI (bPOI) patients and controls. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to explore the candidate genes. qRT‒PCR was performed to verify the expression of hub genes. Western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) and flow cytometry analysis were used to validate the possible role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) in POI. CIBERSORT was adopted to explore immune cell infiltration and the correlation between UBE2C and immune cells in bPOI. RESULTS Through analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and WGCNA, we obtained 143 candidate genes. After construction of the protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network and analysis with Cytoscape, 10 hub genes, including UBE2C, PBK, BUB1, CDC20, NUSAP1, CENPA, CCNB2, TOP2A, AURKB, and FOXM1, were identified and verified by qRT‒PCR. Subsequently, UBE2C was chosen as a possible biomarker of POI because knockdown of UBE2C could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of GCs. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that monocytes and M1 macrophages may be associated with the pathogenesis of POI. In addition, UBE2C was negatively correlated with monocytes and M1 macrophages in POI. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a hub gene in GCs that might be important in the pathogenesis of POI and revealed the key role of UBE2C in driving POI. Immune infiltration may be highly related with the onset and etiology of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Jia
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chenxiang Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kunming Li
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 2699 Gaoke West Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China.
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Dwivedi S, Chavan A, Paul AT. SET7, a lysine-specific methyl transferase: An intriguing epigenetic target to combat diabetic nephropathy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103754. [PMID: 37648018 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a dreadful complication of diabetes that affects ∼50% of diabetics and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Studies have linked aberrant expression of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) to the onset and progression of DN. SET7 is a KMT that methylates specific lysine residues of the histone and nonhistone proteins. It plays an important role in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes that are responsible for the inflammatory cascade observed in DN. Inhibiting SET7 has potential to attenuate renal disorders in animal studies. This review will focus on the role of SET7 in DN and its potential as a therapeutic target to combat DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Dwivedi
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atharva Chavan
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Stella S, Massimino M, Manzella L, Parrinello NL, Vitale SR, Martorana F, Vigneri P. Glucose-dependent effect of insulin receptor isoforms on tamoxifen antitumor activity in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1081831. [PMID: 37361518 PMCID: PMC10289407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and it is linked to several risk factors including genetic alterations, obesity, estrogen signaling, insulin levels, and glucose metabolism deregulation. Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor signaling exert a mitogenic and pro-survival effect. Indeed, epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have shown its involvement in the development, progression, and therapy resistance of several cancer types including breast cancer. Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signaling is triggered by two insulin receptor isoforms identified as IRA and IRB and by Insulin-like growth factor receptor I. Both classes of receptors show high homology and can initiate the intracellular signaling cascade alone or by hybrids formation. While the role of Insulin-like growth factor receptor I in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance is well established, the effects of insulin receptors in this context are complex and not completely elucidated. Methods We used estrogen-dependent insulin-like growth factor receptor I deleted gene (MCF7IGFIRKO) breast cancer cell models, lentivirally transduced to over-express empty-vector (MCF7IGFIRKO/EV), IRA (MCF7IGFIRKO/IRA) or IRB (MCF7IGFIRKO/IRB), to investigate the role of insulin receptors on the antiproliferative activity of tamoxifen in presence of low and high glucose concentrations. The tamoxifen-dependent cytotoxic effects on cell proliferation were determined by MTT assay and clonogenic potential measurement. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by FACS, while immunoblot was used for protein analysis. Gene expression profiling was investigated by a PCR array concerning genes involved in apoptotic process by RT-qPCR. Results We found that glucose levels played a crucial role in tamoxifen response mediated by IRA and IRB. High glucose increased the IC50 value of tamoxifen for both insulin receptors and IRA-promoted cell cycle progression more than IRB, independently of glucose levels and insulin stimulation. IRB, in turn, showed anti-apoptotic properties, preserving cells' survival after prolonged tamoxifen exposure, and negatively modulated pro-apoptotic genes when compared to IRA. Discussion Our findings suggest that glucose levels modify insulin receptors signaling and that this event can interfere with the tamoxifen therapeutic activity. The investigation of glucose metabolism and insulin receptor expression could have clinical implications in Estrogen Receptor positive breast cancer patients receiving endocrine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
- University Oncology Department, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, Catania, Italy
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6
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Lufkin L, Samanta A, Baker D, Lufkin S, Schulze J, Ellis B, Rose J, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Glis1 and oxaloacetate in nucleus pulposus stromal cell somatic reprogramming and survival. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1009402. [PMID: 36406265 PMCID: PMC9671658 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1009402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to repair degenerate tissue through cell refurbishment with minimally invasive procedures. Adipose tissue (FAT)-derived stem or stromal cells are a convenient autologous choice for many regenerative cell therapy approaches. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a suitable target. Comprised of an inner nucleus pulposus (NP) and an outer annulus fibrosus (AF), the degeneration of the IVD through trauma or aging presents a substantial socio-economic burden worldwide. The avascular nature of the mature NP forces cells to reside in a unique environment with increased lactate levels, conditions that pose a challenge to cell-based therapies. We assessed adipose and IVD tissue-derived stromal cells through in vitro transcriptome analysis in 2D and 3D culture and suggested that the transcription factor Glis1 and metabolite oxaloacetic acid (OAA) could provide NP cells with survival tools for the harsh niche conditions in the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Lufkin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Samanta
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - DeVaun Baker
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Sina Lufkin
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Ellis
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Jillian Rose
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Petra Kraus,
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Frias-Soler RC, Kelsey NA, Villarín Pildaín L, Wink M, Bairlein F. Transcriptome signature changes in the liver of a migratory passerine. Genomics 2022; 114:110283. [PMID: 35143886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a principal role in avian migration. Here, we characterised the liver transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), sampled at different migratory stages, looking for molecular processes linked with adaptations to migration. The analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested changes in the periods of the circadian rhythm, variation in the proportion of cells in G1/S cell-cycle stages and the putative polyploidization of this cell population. This may explain the dramatic increment in the liver's metabolic capacities towards migration. Additionally, genes involved in anti-oxidative stress, detoxification and innate immune responses, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis were regulated. Lipophagy and lipid catabolism were active at all migratory stages and increased towards the fattening and fat periods, explaining the relevance of lipolysis in controlling steatosis and maintaining liver health. Our study clears the way for future functional studies regarding long-distance avian migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Frias-Soler
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natalie A Kelsey
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Lilian Villarín Pildaín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franz Bairlein
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
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8
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Zhang J, Zhai J, Wong CC, Chen H, Wang X, Ji J, Yu J. A novel amplification gene PCI domain containing 2 (PCID2) promotes colorectal cancer through directly degrading a tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia (PML). Oncogene 2021; 40:6641-6652. [PMID: 34625711 PMCID: PMC8660639 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using whole genome sequencing, PCI Domain Containing 2 (PCID2) was identified to be amplified in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the expression, biological function, molecular mechanism, and clinical implication of PCID2 in CRC. PCID2 mRNA and protein expression were higher in CRC cells and tumor tissues compared to healthy colonic tissues. The copy number of PCID2 was positively correlated with its mRNA expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that PCID2 is an independent prognostic factor for CRC recurrence. Functional studies showed that PCID2 promoted cell growth, cell cycle progression, and cell migration/invasion, while apoptosis was suppressed. Moreover, PCID2 promoted xenograft growth and lung metastasis in nude mice. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy, we showed that PCID2 binds to promyelocytic leukemia (PML), a tumor suppressor involved in non-canonical β-catenin signaling. PCID2 promoted the degradation of PML via poly-ubiquitination, which in turn, induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling while simultaneously repressing ARF-p53 pathway. Thus, these results demonstrated that PCID2 functions as an oncogene in CRC by enhancing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibition of CTNNB1-ARF-p53 axis. PCID2 promoted canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC via degradation of PML. PCID2 may serve as an independent prediction marker for CRC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kos S, Bosnjak M, Jesenko T, Markelc B, Kamensek U, Znidar K, Matkovic U, Rencelj A, Sersa G, Hudej R, Tuljak A, Peterka M, Cemazar M. Non-Clinical In Vitro Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Free Plasmids Encoding Human or Murine IL-12 Intended for First-in-Human Clinical Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101739. [PMID: 34684032 PMCID: PMC8539770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine that mediates antitumor activity of immune cells. To fulfill its clinical potential, the development is focused on localized delivery systems, such as gene electrotransfer, which can provide localized delivery of IL-12 to the tumor microenvironment. Gene electrotransfer of the plasmid encoding human IL-12 is already in clinical trials in USA, demonstrating positive results in the treatment of melanoma patients. To comply with EU regulatory requirements for clinical application, which recommend the use of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids, we constructed and developed the production process for the clinical grade quality antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid encoding human IL-12 (p21-hIL-12-ORT) and its ortholog encoding murine IL-12 (p21-mIL-12-ORT). To demonstrate the suitability of the p21-hIL-12-ORT or p21-mIL-12-ORT plasmid for the first-in-human clinical trial, the biological activity of the expressed transgene, its level of expression and plasmid copy number were determined in vitro in the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line FaDu and the murine colon carcinoma cell line CT26. The results of the non-clinical evaluation in vitro set the basis for further in vivo testing and evaluation of antitumor activity of therapeutic molecules in murine models as well as provide crucial data for further clinical trials of the constructed antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerceva ulica 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Urska Matkovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrej Rencelj
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosana Hudej
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Aneja Tuljak
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Matjaz Peterka
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5879-544
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10
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Hao EY, Wang DH, Chang LY, Huang CX, Chen H, Yue QX, Zhou RY, Huang RL. Melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptors. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6147-6162. [PMID: 33142533 PMCID: PMC7647829 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key regulator of follicle granular cell maturation and ovulation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in cell growth regulation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether the mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of melatonin-mediated proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms in granulosa cells. Chicken follicle granular cells were cultured with melatonin (0, 2, 20, or 200 μmol/L) for 48 h. The results showed that melatonin treatment enhanced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in granular cells at 20 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L (P < 0.05) by upregulation of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01) and Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and downregulation of P21, caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3-II (P < 0.01). The effects resulted in the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway by increasing the expression of avTOR, PKC, 4E-BP1, S6K (P < 0.05), p-mTOR, and p-S6K. We added an mTOR activator and inhibitor to the cells and identified the optimal dose (10 μmol/L MHY1485 and 100 nmol/L rapamycin) for subsequent experiments. The combination of 20 μmol/L melatonin and 10 μmol/L MHY1485 significantly enhanced granulosa cell proliferation (P < 0.05), while 100 nmol/L rapamycin significantly inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis (P < 0.05), but this action was reversed in the 20-μmol/L melatonin and 100-nmol/L rapamycin cotreatment groups (P < 0.05). This was confirmed by mRNA and protein expression that was associated with proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy (P < 0.05). The combination of 20 μmol/L melatonin and 10 μmol/L MHY1485 also activated the mTOR pathway upstream genes PI3K, AKT1, and AKT2 and downstream genes PKC, 4E-BP1, and S6K (P < 0.05), as well as protein expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K. Rapamycin significantly inhibited the mTOR pathway-related genes mRNA levels (P < 0.05). In addition, activation of the mTOR pathway increased melatonin receptor mRNA levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Ying Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - De-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Li-Yun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Qiao-Xian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ren-Lu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
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11
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Yu H, Wang H, Yin Y, Wang Z. Liriopesides B from Liriope spicata var. prolifera inhibits metastasis and induces apoptosis in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1747-1758. [PMID: 32582970 PMCID: PMC7411299 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death among gynecological cancers. In the present study, the anti-cancer effect of liriopesides B, a steroidal saponin from Liriope spicata var. prolifera, against A2780 cells was investigated. Transwell chambers were adopted to assess its effect on cell invasion and chemotaxis abilities. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was employed to examine gene expression levels. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression levels. Liriopesides B inhibited the invasion and chemotactic movement ability of A2780 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, liriopesides B caused cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells at the G1 phase following incubation for 24, 48 and 72 h. Hoechst 33258 staining indicated that, following incubation for 48 h, liriopesides B induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry verified that liriopesides B induced apoptosis in A2780 cells and induced late apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, liriopesides B significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of E-CADHERIN, p21 and p27 and decreased the gene expression levels of BCL-2, which was consistent with its protein expression levels. In conclusion, liriopesides B possess anti-cancer properties, including inhibition of metastasis-associated behaviors, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, liriopesides B may be considered as a candidate drug against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P.R. China
| | - Youping Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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12
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Li S, Han J, Guo G, Sun Y, Zhang T, Zhao M, Xu Y, Cui Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Voltage-gated sodium channels β3 subunit promotes tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating p53 degradation. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:497-508. [PMID: 31626714 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors and play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we show that VGSCs auxiliary β3 subunit, encoded by the SCN3B gene, promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in HepG2 cells by promoting p53 degradation. β3 significantly increases HepG2 cell proliferation, promotes tumor growth in mouse xenograft models, and suppresses senescence and apoptosis. We found that β3 knockdown stabilizes p53 protein, leading to potentiation of p53-induced cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that β3 could bind to p53, promoting p53 ubiquitination and degradation by stabilizing the p53/MDM2 complex. Our results suggest that β3 is a novel negative regulator of p53 and a potential oncogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jiadi Han
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Guili Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yudi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yijia Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.,School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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13
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Duan H, Lei Z, Xu F, Pan T, Lu D, Ding P, Zhu C, Pan C, Zhang S. PARK2 Suppresses Proliferation and Tumorigenicity in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:790. [PMID: 31508359 PMCID: PMC6716169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: PARK2 mutation is originally associated with the progression of Parkinson's disease. In recent years, PARK2 has been reported as a tumor suppressor gene in various cancers, including lung cancer. However, the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of PARK2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unclear. Methods: The level of PARK2 expression in 32 tissue samples of NSCLC and matched non-tumor lung tissues was detected by Western blot, and 64 specimens of NSCLC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. H1299 and H460 cell lines were used to PARK2 overexpression models, and H460 cell line was also used to PARK2 knockdown model. Using cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assay, the biological functions of PARK2 were evaluated and the potential molecular mechanism of PARK2 was investigated in vitro. Meanwhile, 22 nude mice were employed for in vivo studies. Results: Western blot analysis revealed a decrease of PARK2 protein expression in human NSCLC samples. Immunohistochemistry also identified a vastly reduced expression of PARK2 in NSCLC (72%) and low PARK2 expression was significantly associated with tumor histological grade, lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Overexpression of PARK2 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, arrested cell cycle progression in the G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lines H1299 and H460 in vitro. Meanwhile, knockdown of PARK2 had the opposite biological functions. In addition, PARK2 significantly decreased the tumor volumes in subcutaneous xenograft model and reduced the incidence of metastatic tumors in the transfer model. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of PARK2 in NSCLC showed that PARK2 negatively regulated the EGFR/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: PARK2 was an important tumor suppressor in NSCLC, which might inhibit cancer growth and metastases through the down regulation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Lei
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Demin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peili Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Li H, Guan K, Zuo Z, Wang F, Peng X, Fang J, Cui H, Zhou Y, Ouyang P, Su G, Chen Z. Effects of aflatoxin B 1 on the cell cycle distribution of splenocytes in chickens. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:27-36. [PMID: 30739993 PMCID: PMC6361662 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the cell cycle and proliferation of splenic cells in chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old Cobb male chickens were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 72 each and were fed on diets as follows: a control diet and a 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 diet for 21 days. The AFB1 diet reduced body weight, absolute weight and relative weight of the spleen in broilers. Histopathological lesions in AFB1 groups were characterized as slight congestion in red pulp and lymphocytic depletion in white pulp. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6), CDK2, p53, p21 and cyclin B3 mRNA were significantly increased, while the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1, cdc2 (CDK1), p16, p15 were significantly decreased in the AFB1 groups. Significantly decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and arrested G0G1 phases of the cell cycle were also seen in the AFB1 groups. In conclusion, dietary AFB1 could induce cell cycle blockage at G0G1 phase and impair the immune function of the spleen. Cyclin D1/CDK6 complex, which inhibits the activin/nodal signaling pathway, might play a significant role in the cell cycle arrest induced by AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Ke Guan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, No.
1 Shida Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards
of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life science department, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.
211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Gang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural
University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R.
China
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15
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E Hermosilla V, Salgado G, Riffo E, Escobar D, Hepp MI, Farkas C, Galindo M, Morín V, García-Robles MA, Castro AF, Pincheira R. SALL2 represses cyclins D1 and E1 expression and restrains G1/S cell cycle transition and cancer-related phenotypes. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1026-1046. [PMID: 29689621 PMCID: PMC6026872 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SALL2 is a poorly characterized transcription factor that belongs to the Spalt‐like family involved in development. Mutations on SALL2 have been associated with ocular coloboma and cancer. In cancers, SALL2 is deregulated and is proposed as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. SALL2 has been implicated in stemness, cell death, proliferation, and quiescence. However, mechanisms underlying roles of SALL2 related to cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of SALL2 in cell proliferation using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Sall2−/− mice. Compared to Sall2+/+ MEFs, Sall2−/− MEFs exhibit enhanced cell proliferation and faster postmitotic progression through G1 and S phases. Accordingly, Sall2−/− MEFs exhibit higher mRNA and protein levels of cyclins D1 and E1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays showed that SALL2 binds and represses CCND1 and CCNE1 promoters, identifying a novel mechanism by which SALL2 may control cell cycle. In addition, the analysis of tissues from Sall2+/+ and Sall2−/− mice confirmed the inverse correlation between expression of SALL2 and G1‐S cyclins. Consistent with an antiproliferative function of SALL2, immortalized Sall2−/− MEFs showed enhanced growth rate, foci formation, and anchorage‐independent growth, confirming tumor suppressor properties for SALL2. Finally, cancer data analyses show negative correlations between SALL2 and G1‐S cyclins’ mRNA levels in several cancers. Altogether, our results demonstrated that SALL2 is a negative regulator of cell proliferation, an effect mediated in part by repression of G1‐S cyclins’ expression. Our results have implications for the understanding and significance of SALL2 role under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ginessa Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Riffo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - David Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Matías I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Morín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - María A García-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roxana Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Dong XM, Zhu Y, Chen LH. Reduced miR-433 expression is associated with advanced stages and early relapse of colorectal cancer and restored miR-433 expression suppresses the migration, invasion and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in nude mice. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7579-7588. [PMID: 29740483 PMCID: PMC5934730 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA (miR-433) is altered in various types of human cancer. The present study analyzed the prognostic and biological value of miR-433 expression in colorectal cancer using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 125 colorectal tissue specimens (including a test cohort of 40 cases of paired colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosae and a confirmation cohort of 85 cases of stage I–III colorectal cancer). In vitro and nude mouse xenograft experiments were subsequently used to assess the effects of miR-433 expression on the regulation of colorectal cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. The data indicated that miR-433 expression was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues in the test and confirmation patient cohorts and that low miR-433 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and early relapse. Furthermore, the restoration of miR-433 expression was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing G1-S cell cycle arrest, suppressing cyclinD1 and CDK4 expression, and markedly inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of tumor cells in vitro. The restoration of miR-433 expression or liposome-based delivery of miR-433 mimics suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, miR-433 may be a putative tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, and the detection of low miR-433 expression will be investigated in further studies as a putative biomarker for the detection of early relapse in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Min Dong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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17
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Kamensek U, Tesic N, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Clinically Usable Interleukin 12 Plasmid without an Antibiotic Resistance Gene: Functionality and Toxicity Study in Murine Melanoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030060. [PMID: 29495490 PMCID: PMC5876635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids, which are currently used in interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer (GET) clinical trials in the USA, contain antibiotic resistance genes and are thus, according to the safety recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), not suitable for clinical trials in the EU. In the current study, our aim was to prepare an IL-12 plasmid without an antibiotic resistance gene and test its functionality and toxicity after GET in a preclinical B16F10 mouse melanoma model. The antibiotic resistance-free plasmid encoding the human IL-12 fusion gene linked to the p21 promoter, i.e., p21-hIL-12-ORT, was constructed using operator-repressor titration (ORT) technology. Next, the expression profile of the plasmid after GET was determined in B16F10 cells and tumors. Additionally, blood chemistry, hematological and histological changes, and antitumor response were evaluated after GET of the plasmid in melanoma tumors. The results demonstrated a good expression and safety profile of the p21-hIL-12-ORT GET and indications of efficacy. We hope that the obtained results will help to accelerate the transfer of this promising treatment from preclinical studies to clinical application in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Natasa Tesic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Isola, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Isola, Slovenia.
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β-Sitosterol targets Trx/Trx1 reductase to induce apoptosis in A549 cells via ROS mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2071. [PMID: 29391428 PMCID: PMC5794769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Sitosterol (BS), a major bioactive constituent present in plants and vegetables has shown potent anticancer effect against many human cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism remain elusive on NSCLC cancers. We found that BS significantly inhibited the growth of A549 cells without harming normal human lung and PBMC cells. Further, BS treatment triggered apoptosis via ROS mediated mitochondrial dysregulation as evidenced by caspase-3 & 9 activation, Annexin-V/PI positive cells, PARP inactivation, loss of MMP, Bcl-2-Bax ratio alteration and cytochrome c release. Moreover, generation of ROS species and subsequent DNA stand break were found upon BS treatment which was reversed by addition of ROS scavenger (NAC). Indeed BS treatment increased p53 expression and its phosphorylation at Ser15, while silencing the p53 expression by pifithrin-α, BS induced apoptosis was reduced in A549 cells. Furthermore, BS induced apoptosis was also observed in NCI-H460 cells (p53 wild) but not in the NCI-H23 cells (p53 mutant). Down-regulation of Trx/Trx1 reductase contributed to the BS induced ROS accumulation and mitochondrial mediated apoptotic cell death in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the novel anti-cancer mechanism of BS which could be developed as a promising chemotherapeutic drug against NSCLC cancers.
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Pereira LP, Silva P, Duarte M, Rodrigues L, Duarte CMM, Albuquerque C, Serra AT. Targeting Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Stemness and Metastatic Potential Using Brassicaceae Extracts Enriched in Isothiocyanates: A 3D Cell Model-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040368. [PMID: 28394276 PMCID: PMC5409707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence is often attributable to circulating tumor cells and/or cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist to conventional therapies and foster tumor progression. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from Brassicaceae vegetables have demonstrated anticancer effects in CRC, however little is known about their effect in CSCs and tumor initiation properties. Here we examined the effect of ITCs-enriched Brassicaceae extracts derived from watercress and broccoli in cell proliferation, CSC phenotype and metastasis using a previously developed three-dimensional HT29 cell model with CSC-like traits. Both extracts were phytochemically characterized and their antiproliferative effect in HT29 monolayers was explored. Next, we performed cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis in HT29 spheroids treated with watercress and broccoli extracts and respective main ITCs, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN). Soft agar assays and relative quantitative expression analysis of stemness markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling players were performed to evaluate the effect of these phytochemicals in stemness and metastasis. Our results showed that both Brassicaceae extracts and ITCs exert antiproliferative effects in HT29 spheroids, arresting cell cycle at G₂/M, possibly due to ITC-induced DNA damage. Colony formation and expression of LGR5 and CD133 cancer stemness markers were significantly reduced. Only watercress extract and PEITC decreased ALDH1 activity in a dose-dependent manner, as well as β-catenin expression. Our research provides new insights on CRC therapy using ITC-enriched Brassicaceae extracts, specially watercress extract, to target CSCs and circulating tumor cells by impairing cell proliferation, ALDH1-mediated chemo-resistance, anoikis evasion, self-renewal and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília P Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Duarte
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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20
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Giovannini C, Baglioni M, Baron Toaldo M, Cescon M, Bolondi L, Gramantieri L. Vidatox 30 CH has tumor activating effect in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44685. [PMID: 28322221 PMCID: PMC5359575 DOI: 10.1038/srep44685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term used to describe many kinds of products, practices, and systems that are not part of conventional medicine. Cancer patients usually do everything they can to combat the disease, manage its symptoms, and cope with the side effects of treatment. Unfortunately, patients who use CAM underestimate the risk of interaction with cancer therapy or worse they omit conventional therapy thus reducing the possibility of cancer remission. Herein we analyzed the effects of Vidatox 30 CH (venom extracted from the Junceus Rhopalurus scorpion) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. We found out that Vidatox increases HCC proliferation and invasion whereas it does not seem to interact with sorafenib, the orally active multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that the concentration of Vidatox used in the present study has not anti-neoplastic effects and care must be taken in hiring Vidatox in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Sawair F, Hassona Y, Irwin C, Stephenson M, Hamilton P, Maxwell P, Gordon D, Leonard A, Napier S. p53, Cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) Expression at Invasive Tumour Fronts of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Development of Local Recurrence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1243-9. [PMID: 27039754 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. RESULTS The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sawair
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan E-mail :
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22
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Marin JJG, Lozano E, Perez MJ. Lack of mitochondrial DNA impairs chemical hypoxia-induced autophagy in liver tumor cells through ROS-AMPK-ULK1 signaling dysregulation independently of HIF-1α. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:71-84. [PMID: 27687210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and autophagy activation are common events in tumors. Here we have investigated the effect of mitochondrial genome depletion on chemical hypoxia-induced autophagy in liver tumor cells. Human SK-Hep-1 wild-type and mtDNA-depleted (Rho) cells were exposed to the hypoxia mimetic agents CoCl2 and deferoxamine (DFO). Up-regulation of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α was observed. The expression of several HIF-1α target genes was also found. In human SK-Hep-1 and mouse Hepa 1-6 liver tumor cells, but not in the counterpart Rho derived lines, chemical hypoxia increased the abundance of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. In wild-type and Rho cells, chemical hypoxia induced down-regulation of HIF-1α-dependent autophagy inhibitors Bcl-2 and mTOR, whereas activation of AMPK/ULK1-mediated pro-autophagy pathway occurred only in wild-type cells. Chemical (compound C) and genetic (shRNA) inhibition of AMPK activation resulted in reduced autophagy. ATP levels were similar in both cell types, whereas constitutive and chemical hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was lower in Rho cells. In wild-type cells, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked CoCl2- and DFO-induced AMPK and autophagy activation, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by CoCl2. Enhanced Bax-α/Bcl-2 ratio and cell death was induced by hypoxia mimetic agents more markedly in wild-type than in Rho cells. Upon blocking autophagy activation with 3-methyladenine, DFO-induced cell death was partially prevented whereas that induced by CoCl2 was increased, but only in wild-type cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction associated with the lack of mtDNA impairs the signaling pathways mediated by ROS, controlling autophagy activation in liver tumor cells, which may contributes to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J G Marin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Perez
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, IBSAL, CIBERehd. University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; University Hospital of Salamanca, IECSCYL-IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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23
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Wang K, Liang Q, Li X, Tsoi H, Zhang J, Wang H, Go MYY, Chiu PWY, Ng EKW, Sung JJY, Yu J. MDGA2 is a novel tumour suppressor cooperating with DMAP1 in gastric cancer and is associated with disease outcome. Gut 2016; 65:1619-1631. [PMID: 26206665 PMCID: PMC5036270 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the promoter methylation assay, we have shown that MDGA2 (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2) is preferentially methylated in gastric cancer. We analysed its biological effects and prognostic significance in gastric cancer. METHODS MDGA2 methylation status was evaluated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and bisulfite genomic sequencing. The effects of MDGA2 re-expression or knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle were determined. MDGA2 interacting protein was identified by mass spectrometry and MDGA2-related cancer pathways by reporter activity and PCR array analyses. The clinical impact of MDGA2 was assessed in 218 patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS MDGA2 was commonly silenced in gastric cancer cells (10/11) and primary gastric cancers due to promoter hypermethylation. MDGA2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation by causing G1-S cell cycle arrest and inducing cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed xenograft tumour growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft mouse models (both p<0.001). The anti-tumorigenic effect of MDGA2 was mediated through direct stabilising of DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1), which played a tumour suppressive role in gastric cancer. This interaction activated their downstream key elements of p53/p21 signalling cascades. Moreover, promoter methylation of MDGA2 was detected in 62.4% (136/218) of gastric cancers. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with MDGA2 hypermethylation had a significantly decreased survival (p=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that MDGA2 hypermethylation was significantly associated with shortened survival in patients with early gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS MDGA2 is a critical tumour suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis; its hypermethylation is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunning Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ho Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minnie Y Y Go
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip W Y Chiu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enders K W Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Kim SH, Kim EC, Kim WJ, Lee MH, Kim SY, Kim TJ. Coptis japonica Makino extract suppresses angiogenesis through regulation of cell cycle-related proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1095-106. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1148574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Angiogenesis, neovascularization from pre-existing vessels, is a key step in tumor growth and metastasis, and anti-angiogenic agents that can interfere with these essential steps of cancer development are a promising strategy for human cancer treatment. In this study, we characterized the anti-angiogenic effects of Coptis japonica Makino extract (CJME) and its mechanism of action. CJME significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated HUVECs. Furthermore, CJME suppressed VEGF-induced tube formation in vitro and VEGF-induced microvessel sprouting ex vivo. According to our study, CJME blocked VEGF-induced cell cycle transition in G1. CJME decreased expression of cell cycle-regulated proteins, including Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cdk2, and Cdk4 in response to VEGF. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that CJME suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenic events such as proliferation, migration, and tube formation via cell cycle arrest in G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ho Kim
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eok-Cheon Kim
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Wan-Joong Kim
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Myung-Hun Lee
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab, Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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25
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Li J, Li Z, Kan Q, Sun S, Li Y, Wang S. Association of p21 3' UTR gene polymorphism with cancer risk: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13189. [PMID: 26278624 PMCID: PMC4538688 DOI: 10.1038/srep13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the risk of cancer associated with the polymorphism of p21 3' UTR (rs1059234 C > T), but results have been inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to drive a more precise estimation of the association between this polymorphism and risk of cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of the rs1059234 C > T polymorphism of p21 3' UTR and cancer susceptibility. A total of eleven eligible studies, including 3,099 cases and 4,354 controls, relating to the rs1059234 polymorphism of p21 3' UTR to the risk of cancer were identified. Multivariate and univariate methods revealed no association between this polymorphism and cancer risk. However, subgroup analysis by cancer type suggested that rs1059234 C > T polymorphism was associated with increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) (dominant model CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.17-1.94). No significant association was found in other subgroup analyses. This meta-analysis suggested that rs1059234 polymorphism of p21 3' UTR may be associated with increased SCCHN risk. And larger scale primary studies are required to further evaluate the interaction of p21 3' UTR rs1059234 polymorphism and cancer risk in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- 1] Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China [2] The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- 1] Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China [2] The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- 1] The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China [2] Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Suke Sun
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Yidong Li
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
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26
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Shao A, Zheng L, Chen S, Gu H, Jing H. p21, p53, TP53BP1 and p73 polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population. Biomarkers 2014; 20:109-15. [PMID: 25532599 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.996607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is one of the most common malignant tumors and among the leading causes of cancer-related death. Genetic factors might play an important role in GCA carcinogenesis. Here, we performed a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate the effect of functional p21, p53, TP53BP1 and p73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of GCA. The study included 330 GCA cases and 608 controls. Genotypes were determined using the ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. The p21 rs1059234 TT, p21 rs3176352 GC/CC, p21 rs762623 GA and TP53BP1 rs560191 CC genotypes were associated with the risk of GCA, and a genotype combination effect was observed. After Bonferroni correction, the association remained significant for TP53BP1 rs560191 G > C, whereas the remaining four SNPs showed no association between the polymorphisms and GCA risk in all comparison models. Further large replication studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhong Shao
- Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
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27
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Abstract
Some of the most potent toxins produced by plants and bacteria are members of a large family known as the AB toxins. AB toxins are generally characterized by a heterogenous complex consisting of two protein chains arranged in various monomeric or polymeric configurations. The newest class within this superfamily is the cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). The Cdt is represented by a subfamily of toxins produced by a group of taxonomically distinct Gram negative bacteria. Members of this subfamily have a related AB-type chain or subunit configuration and properties distinctive to the AB paradigm. In this review, the unique structural and cytotoxic properties of the Cdt subfamily, target cell specificities, intoxication pathway, modes of action, and relationship to the AB toxin superfamily are compared and contrasted.
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28
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Sanguedolce F, Bufo P, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Predictive markers in bladder cancer: Do we have molecular markers ready for clinical use? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:291-304. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.930412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Less understood issues: p21Cip1 in mitosis and its therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2014; 34:1758-67. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Zheng L, Tang W, Shi Y, Chen S, Wang X, Wang L, Shao A, Ding G, Liu C, Liu R, Yin J, Gu H. p21 rs3176352 G>C and p73 rs1801173 C>T polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96958. [PMID: 24820515 PMCID: PMC4018405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Esophageal cancer was the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in China in 2009. Genetic factors might play an important role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carcinogenesis. Designs and Methods To evaluate the effect p21, p53, TP53BP1 and p73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of ESCC, we conducted a hospital based case–control study. A total of 629 ESCC cases and 686 controls were recruited. Their genotypes were determined using ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. Results When the p21 rs3176352 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC. When the p73 rs1801173 CC homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the CT genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC. After Bonferroni correction, for p21 rs3176352 G>C, the pcorrect was still significant. For the other six SNPs, in all comparison models, no association between the polymorphisms and ESCC risk was observed. Conclusions p21 rs3176352 G>C and p73 rs1801173 C>T SNPs are associated with increased risk of ESCC. To confirm the current findings, additional, larger studies and tissue-specific biological characterization are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suocheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer institute, Department of chemotherapy, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aizhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowen Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (HG)
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Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Lotan Y, Daneshmand S, Rieken M, Karakiewicz PI, Shariat SF. Blood- and tissue-based biomarkers for prediction of outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:230-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Wang S, Li X, Wei Y, Xiu Z, Nishino N. Discovery of potent HDAC inhibitors based on chlamydocin with inhibitory effects on cell migration. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:627-37. [PMID: 24285590 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is a promising drug target class owing to the importance of these enzymes in a variety of cellular processes. Docking studies were conducted to identify novel HDAC inhibitors. Subtle modifications in the recognition domain were introduced into a series of chlamydocin analogues, and the resulting scaffolds were combined with various zinc binding domains. Remarkably, cyclo(L-Asu(NHOH)-L-A3mc6c-L-Phe-D-Pro, compound 1 b), with a methyl group at positions 3 or 5 on the aliphatic ring, exhibited better antiproliferative effects than trichostatin A (TSA) against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines. In addition to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, cell migration inhibition was observed in cells treated with compound 1 b. Subsequent western blot analysis revealed that the balance between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) determines the degree of metalloproteinase activity in MCF-7 cells, thereby regulating cell migration. The improved inhibitory activity imparted by altering the hydrophobic substitution pattern at the bulky cap group is a valuable approach in the development of novel HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian (China)
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Kamensek U, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Evaluation of p21 promoter for interleukin 12 radiation induced transcriptional targeting in a mouse tumor model. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:136. [PMID: 24219565 PMCID: PMC3832904 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation induced transcriptional targeting is a gene therapy approach that takes advantage of the targeting abilities of radiotherapy by using radio inducible promoters to spatially and temporally limit the transgene expression. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A), also known as p21, is a crucial regulator of the cell cycle, mediating G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli, including DNA damaging agents like irradiation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of the p21 promoter for radiation induced transcriptional targeting with the objective to test the therapeutic effectiveness of the combined radio-gene therapy with p21 promoter driven therapeutic gene interleukin 12. METHODS To test the inducibility of the p21 promoter, three reporter gene experimental models with green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of p21 promoter were established by gene electrotransfer of plasmid DNA: stably transfected cells, stably transfected tumors, and transiently transfected muscles. Induction of reporter gene expression after irradiation was determined using a fluorescence microplate reader in vitro and by non-invasive fluorescence imaging using fluorescence stereomicroscope in vivo. The antitumor effect of the plasmid encoding the p21 promoter driven interleukin 12 after radio-gene therapy was determined by tumor growth delay assay and by quantification of intratumoral and serum levels of interleukin 12 protein and intratumoral concentrations of interleukin 12 mRNA. RESULTS Using the reporter gene experimental models, p21 promoter was proven to be inducible with radiation, the induction was not dose dependent, and it could be re-induced. Furthermore radio-gene therapy with interleukin 12 under control of the p21 promoter had a good antitumor therapeutic effect with the statistically relevant tumor growth delay, which was comparable to that of the same therapy using a constitutive promoter. CONCLUSIONS In this study p21 promoter was proven to be a suitable candidate for radiation induced transcriptional targeting. As a proof of principle the therapeutic value was demonstrated with the radio-inducible interleukin 12 plasmid providing a synergistic antitumor effect to radiotherapy alone, which makes this approach feasible for the combined treatment with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
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Hydroxytyrosyl ethyl ether exhibits stronger intestinal anticarcinogenic potency and effects on transcript profiles compared to hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem 2013; 138:1172-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang H, Ao M, Wu J, Yu L. TNFα and Fas/FasL pathways are involved in 9-Methoxycamptothecin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with oxidative stress and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:396-410. [PMID: 23369935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT) has been recently reported to have a strong anticancer activity. However, its detailed mechanism of action in human cancer cells has not been well clarified. The results showed that MCPT induced cytotoxicity in seven human cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner after 72h, with A2780 and Hela cell lines more sensitive, so the two cell lines were chosen to do further studies. MCPT induced strong G2/M arrest in both A2780 cells and Hela cells after 24h, following by substantial sub-G1 arrest (indicating apoptosis). The apoptosis was verified by staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. ROS generation increased significantly in MCPT-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis appeared to be dependent on caspase-3, -8 and -9 in A2780 cells, and caspase-3 in Hela cells. In addition, MCPT induced up-regulation expression of most of seventeen genes in both cell lines. Western blot verified that changes of TNFα, Fas, P53 and P27 protein level were consistent with their gene expression changes. Taken together, MCPT plays an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in both cell lines via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and has the potential to be developed into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Visioli F, Lauxen IS, Sant'ana Filho M, Rados PV. Expression of the cell cycle regulation proteins p53 and p21WAF1 in different types of non-dysplastic leukoplakias. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:369-75. [PMID: 22858706 PMCID: PMC3881781 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the immunolabeling of two cell cycle protein regulators, p53 and p21WAF1, in non-dysplastic leukoplakias with different epithelial alterations: acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis combined with hyperkeratosis, and compare them with dysplastic leukoplakias. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study involving 36 patients with oral homogeneous leukoplakias. excisional biopsies were performed and the patients remain under clinical follow-up. The leukoplakias were divided into four groups: 6 acanthosis, 9 hyperkeratosis, 10 acanthosis combined with hyperkeratosis, and 11 epithelial dysplasias. Paraffin-embebeded sections were immunostained for p53 and p21WAF1. Five hundred cells from the basal layer and 500 from the parabasal layer were counted to determine the percentage of positive cells. A qualitative analysis was also carried out to determine the presence or absence of immunohistochemical staining in the intermediate and superficial layers. Groups were compared with ANOVA (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test for associations between the two markers, p53 and p21WAF1. RESULTS No leukoplakia recurred and no malignant transformation was observed whitin a follow-up period of 3-6 years. The mean percentage of p53 staining in the basal and parabasal layers was similar in all groups. p21WAF1 staining differed between layers was as follows: in the basal, only 3 to 4% of cells were stained, while in the parabasal, between 16 and 28% of the epithelial cells were stained in the four different studied groups with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings failed to differentiate the non-dysplastic lesions by means of p53 and p21WAF1 immunostaining, notwithstanding similar profiles between non-dysplastic and dysplastic leukoplakias were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Wang N, Wang S, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Wei H, Li W, Zhang S, Yin D, Ou Y. Association of p21 SNPs and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:589. [PMID: 23231583 PMCID: PMC3527144 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p21 codon 31 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1801270, has been linked to cervical cancer but with controversial results. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of p21 SNP-rs1801270 and other untested p21 SNPs in the risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population. Methods We genotyped five p21 SNPs (rs762623, rs2395655, rs1801270, rs3176352, and rs1059234) using peripheral blood DNA from 393 cervical cancer patients and 434 controls. Results The frequency of the rs1801270 A allele in patients (0.421) was significantly lower than that in controls (0.494, p = 0.003). The frequency of the rs3176352 C allele in cases (0.319) was significantly lower than that in controls (0.417, p < 0.001).The allele frequency of other three p21 SNPs showed not statistically significantly different between patients and controls. The rs1801270 AA genotype was associated with a decreased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.399 - 0.853, P = 0.005). We observed that the three p21 SNPs (rs1801270, rs3176352, and rs1059234) was in linkage disequilibrium (LD) and thus haplotype analysis was performed. The AGT haplotype (which includes the rs1801270A allele) was the most frequent haplotype among all subjects, and both homozygosity and heterozygosity for the AGT haplotype provided a protective effect from development of cervical cancer. Conclusions We show an association between the p21 SNP rs1801270A allele and a decreased risk for cervical cancer in a population of Chinese women. The AGT haplotype formed by three p21 SNPs in LD (rs1801270, rs3176352 and rs1059234) also provided a protective effect in development of cervical cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Souto-García A, Fernández-Somoano A, Pascual T, Álvarez-Avellón SM, Tardón A. Association of p21 Ser31Arg and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in CAPUA study. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2012; 3:69-78. [PMID: 28210126 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s35287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how Ser31Arg polymorphisms in p21 may modify lung cancer susceptibility. Because p21 is the major downstream mediator of p53, we analyzed the combined effect of two polymorphisms, p21 Ser31Arg and TP53 Arg72Pro, to elucidate whether polymorphic variants determine the risk of lung cancer. METHODS This was designed as a hospital-based case-control study, and included 675 cases and 675 control subjects matched by ethnicity, gender, and age. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the results. RESULTS Subjects who carried the p21 Ser31Arg allele had a higher risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-2.03). This risk was increased in men aged younger than 55 years (adjusted OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.00-5.51). Smokers had an increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.24-4.02). Men younger than 55 years carrying risk alleles for both genes (p21 Ser31Arg and TP53 Arg72Pro) had an increased risk (adjusted OR 5.78; 95% CI 1.38-24.19), as did smokers with both risk alleles (adjusted OR 4.52; 95% CI 1.52-13.50). CONCLUSION The presence of both variant alleles increased the risk of developing lung cancer in men, particularly in smokers younger than 55 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Souto-García
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Teresa Pascual
- Pneumology Department, Cabueñes Hospital, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara M Álvarez-Avellón
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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Semaan A, Qazi AM, Seward S, Chamala S, Bryant CS, Kumar S, Morris R, Steffes CP, Bouwman DL, Munkarah AR, Weaver DW, Gruber SA, Batchu RB. MicroRNA-101 inhibits growth of epithelial ovarian cancer by relieving chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression of p21(waf¹/cip¹). Pharm Res 2011; 28:3079-90. [PMID: 21818714 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) expression is negatively associated with tumor growth and proliferation in several solid epithelial cancers. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EzH2) appears to be a functional target of miR-101. We explore the role of miR-101 and its interaction with EzH2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). METHODS In situ hybridization (ISH) for miR-101 was performed on EOC patient tissues and normal controls. EOC cell lines were transfected with miR-101 and subjected to growth analysis and clonogenic assays. Cell motility was assessed by Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays. P21(waf1/cip1) and EzH2 interaction was assessed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in MDAH-2774 cells. SCID mice were assessed for tumor burden after injection with miR-101 or control vector-treated MDAH-2774 cells. RESULTS ISH analysis revealed a decrease in miR-101 expression in EOC compared with normal tissue. MiR-101 re-expression in EOC cell lines resulted in increased apoptosis, decreased cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and reduced growth of tumor xenografts. CHIP assays revealed that re-expression of miR-101 inhibited the interaction of EzH2 with p21(waf1/cip1) promoter. CONCLUSIONS MiR-101 re-expression appears to have antitumor effects, providing a better understanding of the role of miR-101 in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaad Semaan
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology & Developmental Therapeutics Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Irradiation, cisplatin, and 5-azacytidine upregulate cytomegalovirus promoter in tumors and muscles: implementation of non-invasive fluorescence imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:43-52. [PMID: 20396957 PMCID: PMC3023030 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter is one of the most commonly used promoters for expression of transgenes in mammalian cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of methylation and upregulation of the CMV promoter by irradiation and the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in vivo using non-invasive fluorescence in vivo imaging. Procedures Murine fibrosarcoma LPB and mammary carcinoma TS/A cells were stably transfected with plasmids encoding CMV and p21 promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Solid TS/A tumors were induced by subcutaneous injection of fluorescent tumor cells, while leg muscles were transiently transfected with plasmid encoding GFP under the control of the CMV promoter. Cells, tumors, and legs were treated either by DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine, irradiation, or cisplatin. GFP expression was determined using a fluorescence microplate reader in vitro and by non-invasive fluorescence imaging in vivo. Results Treatment of cells, tumors, and legs with 5-azacytidine (re)activated the CMV promoter. Furthermore, treatment with irradiation or cisplatin resulted in significant upregulation of GFP expression both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Observed alterations in the activity of the CMV promoter limit the usefulness of this widely used promoter as a constitutive promoter. On the other hand, inducibility of CMV promoters can be beneficially used in gene therapy when combined with standard cancer treatment, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Janicke B, Hegardt C, Krogh M, Onning G, Akesson B, Cirenajwis HM, Oredsson SM. The antiproliferative effect of dietary fiber phenolic compounds ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid on the cell cycle of Caco-2 cells. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:611-22. [PMID: 21500097 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.538486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that dietary fiber is protective against the development of colon cancer. Dietary fiber is a rich source of the hydroxycinnamic acids ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA), which both may contribute to the protective effect. We have investigated the effects of FA and p-CA treatment on global gene expression in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The Caco-2 cells were treated with 150 μM FA or p-CA for 24 h, and gene expression was analyzed with cDNA microarray technique. A total of 517 genes were significantly affected by FA and 901 by p-CA. As we previously have found that FA or p-CA treatment delayed cell cycle progression, we focused on genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The expressions of a number of genes involved in centrosome assembly, such as RABGAP1 and CEP2, were upregulated by FA treatment as well as the gene for the S phase checkpoint protein SMC1L1. p-CA treatment upregulated CDKN1A expression and downregulated CCNA2, CCNB1, MYC, and ODC1. Some proteins corresponding to the affected genes were also studied. Taken together, the changes found can partly explain the effects of FA or p-CA treatment on cell cycle progression, specifically in the S phase by FA and G(2)/M phase by p-CA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Janicke
- Food Technology, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES p21 (WAF1/Cip1/CDKN1A) and p27 (Kip1/CDKN1B) are members of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which can induce cell cycle arrest and serve as tumor suppressors. We hypothesized that genetic variants in p21 and p27 may modify individual susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the associations of the Ser31Arg polymorphism in p21 and the Gly109Val polymorphism in p27, and their combinations, with pancreatic cancer risk in a case-control study of 509 pathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and 462 age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls in non-Hispanic whites. RESULTS We found that the heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes combined in a dominant model of the p21 polymorphism were associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the homozygous wild type (adjusted odds ratio [ORadjusted], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.55). This increased risk was more pronounced in carriers with the p27 homozygous wild type (ORadjusted, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.32-3.68) and in nonsmokers (ORadjusted, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.14-4.10), although the p27 polymorphism alone was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the p21 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to pancreatic cancer, particularly among p27 homozygous wild-type carriers and nonsmokers.
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Valentin MD, Canalle R, Queiroz RDP, Tone LG. Frequency of polymorphisms and protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) in central nervous system tumors. SAO PAULO MED J 2009; 127:288-94. [PMID: 20169278 PMCID: PMC11553115 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802009000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Genetic investigation of central nervous system (CNS) tumors provides valuable information about the genes regulating proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration and apoptosis in the CNS. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms (codon 31 and 3' untranslated region, 3'UTR) and protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) gene in patients with and without CNS tumors. DESIGN AND SETTING Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group, at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pediatric Oncology Department, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. METHODS 41 patients with CNS tumors and a control group of 161 subjects without cancer and paires for sex, age and ethnicity were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Protein analysis was performed on 36 patients with CNS tumors, using the Western Blotting technique. RESULTS The frequencies of the heterozygote (Ser/Arg) and polymorphic homozygote (Arg/Arg) genotypes of codon 31 in the control subjects were 28.0% and 1.2%, respectively. However, the 3'UTR site presented frequencies of 24.2% (C/T) and 0.6% (T/T). These frequencies were not statistically different (P > 0.05) from those seen in the patients with CNS tumors (19.4% and 0.0%, codon 31; 15.8% and 2.6%, 3'UTR site). Regarding the protein expression in ependymomas, 66.67% did not express the protein CDKN1A. The results for medulloblastomas and astrocytomas were similar: neither of them expressed the protein (57.14% and 61.54%, respectively). CONCLUSION No significant differences in protein expression patterns or polymorphisms of CDKN1A in relation to the three types of CNS tumors were observed among Brazilian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mev Dominguez Valentin
- Genomic and Molecular Laboratory, Research Center, Hospital A. C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hsieh YY, Chang CC, Bau DT, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chen CP. The p21 codon 31∗C- and DRD2 codon 313∗T-related genotypes/alleles, but not XRCC1 codon 399, hOGG1 codon 326, and DRD1-48 polymorphisms, are correlated with the presence of leiomyoma. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:869-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qin K, Zhao L, Ash RD, McDonough WF, Zhao RY. ATM-mediated Transcriptional Elevation of Prion in Response to Copper-induced Oxidative Stress. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:4582-93. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808410200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Saffari M, Dinehkabodi OS, Ghaffari SH, Modarressi MH, Mansouri F, Heidari M. Identification of novel p53 target genes by cDNA AFLP in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:316-22. [PMID: 18814959 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The p53 plays critical role in cellular functions such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We overexpressed wild-type p53 (wt-p53) in U87 glioblastoma cells via recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-P53 which encodes p53 and green fluorescent protein. The transcript profiles were investigated using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism approach. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and DNA sequencing results for the selected genes showed that Cathepsin B and cell cycle associated protein-1 or Caprin-I, genes were suppressed whereas Annexin-II gene overexpressed in response to the overexpression of wt-p53 gene. Our results suggest that these genes could be important mediators of p53-dependent tumor growth suppression in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Saffari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina Avenue, Tehran, Iran
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Chen J, Killary AM, Sen S, Amos CI, Evans DB, Abbruzzese JL, Frazier ML. Polymorphisms of p21 and p27 jointly contribute to an earlier age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 272:32-9. [PMID: 18694622 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
p21 and p27, members of the kinase inhibitor protein (KIP) family, bind to cyclin-CDK complexes to inhibit their catalytic activity and induce cell cycle arrest. The purpose of our study was to identify whether the p21 (C-to-A), and p27 (T-to-G) polymorphisms were associated with age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, either independently or jointly. Two hundred and five patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were genotyped for the p21 and p27 polymorphisms. We found patients with the p21 variant genotype (CA/AA) had an earlier age at diagnosis than those with the wild-type genotype (CC) (log-rank, P=0.001; HR=1.89; 95%CI, 1.28-2.78). The p21 and p27 polymorphisms combined had a joint effect on age-associated risk for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (log-rank, P=0.004; HR=2.91; 95%CI, 1.49-5.67). Our findings suggest that the p21 polymorphism independently and p21 and p27 polymorphisms jointly contribute to a significantly earlier age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Margulis V, Lotan Y, Montorsi F, Shariat SF. Predicting survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. BJU Int 2008; 102:15-22. [PMID: 18325050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction is essential for patient counselling, appropriate selection of treatments and determination of eligibility for clinical trials. In this review we assess the available determinants of oncological outcome after radical cystectomy (RC) for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. We reviewed previous publications to provide guidelines in terms of criteria, limitations and clinical value of available tools for predicting patient outcome after RC. Our findings suggest that while individual surgical, patient and pathological features provide useful estimates of survival outcome, the inherent heterogeneity of tumour biology and patient characteristics leads to significant variation in outcome. By incorporating all relevant continuous predictive factors for individual patients, integrative predictive models, such as nomograms or artificial neural networks, provide more accurate predictions and generally surpass clinical experts at predicting outcomes. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for the development and validation of molecular biomarkers and their incorporation into multivariable predictive tools. Significant progress has been made in identifying important molecular markers of disease and the development of multifactorial tools for predicting the outcome after RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 77030, USA.
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Xiao B, Guo J, Liu D, Zhang S. Aloe-emodin induces in vitro G2/M arrest and alkaline phosphatase activation in human oral cancer KB cells. Oral Oncol 2007; 43:905-10. [PMID: 17257888 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin is a natural anthraquinone compound from the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum. In this study, KB cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 microM aloe-emodin for 1 to 5 days. The results showed that aloe-emodin inhibited cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with aloe-emodin at 10 to 40 microM resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in KB cells increased upon treatment with aloe-emodin when compared to controls. This is one of the first studies to focus on the expression of ALP in human oral carcinomas cells treated with aloe-emodin. These results indicate that aloe-emodin has anti-cancer effect on oral cancer, which may lead to its use in chemotherapy and chemopreventment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiu Xiao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Horta MCR, de Assis LAP, de Souza AF, de Araújo VC, Gomez RS, Aguiar MCF. p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 overexpression at the invasive front of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:88-92. [PMID: 17238970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) is an oral cancer that has distinct epidemiology and etiopathogenesis. Although risk factors for this neoplasia are acknowledged, few studies have investigated the molecular basis of its development and behavior. METHODS Expression of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) was examined by immunohistochemistry of archived tissue from 21 specimens of LLSCC. Differences in this expression between the whole tumor (WT) and the invasive front (IF) as well as correlation between p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression were analyzed. RESULTS p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) were overexpressed at the IF of LLSCC. The expression of both proteins was higher at IF than at WT. No correlation was observed between p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) overexpression is important in LLSCC pathogenesis, reinforce that IF is the most important area for tumor behavior, and support that p53-independent mechanisms should be involved in the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1).
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