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Feng K, Bendiwhobel Ushie B, Zhang H, Li S, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Pathogenesis and virulence of Heartland virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2348252. [PMID: 38712703 PMCID: PMC11085952 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2348252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heartland virus (HRTV), an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bunyavirus, has been a concern since 2012, with an increasing incidence, expanding geographical distribution, and high pathogenicity in the United States. Infection from HRTV results in fever, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia in humans, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including haemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, and even death. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for treatment of the HRTV disease. Moreover, little is known about HRTV-host interactions, viral replication mechanisms, pathogenesis and virulence, further hampering the development of vaccines and antiviral interventions. Here, we aimed to provide a brief review of HRTV epidemiology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and virulence on the basis of published article data to better understand this virus and provide clues for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Feng
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Benjamin Bendiwhobel Ushie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Shan D, Chen W, Liu G, Zhang H, Chai S, Zhang Y. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with central nervous system symptom onset: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38730325 PMCID: PMC11084135 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a natural focal disease transmitted mainly by tick bites, and the causative agent is SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTS can rapidly progress to severe disease, with multiple-organ failure (MOF) manifestations such as shock, respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and death, but cases of SFTS patients with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms onset and marked persistent involuntary shaking of the perioral area and limbs have rarely been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old woman with fever and persistent involuntary shaking of the perioral area and limbs was diagnosed with SFTS with CNS symptom onset after metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood identified SFTSV. The patient developed a cytokine storm and MOF during the course of the disease, and after aggressive antiviral, glucocorticoid, and gamma globulin treatments, her clinical symptoms improved, her laboratory indices returned to normal, and she had a good prognosis. CONCLUSION This case gives us great insight that when patients with CNS symptoms similar to those of viral encephalitis combined with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are encountered in the clinic, it is necessary to consider the possibility of SFTS involving the CNS. Testing for SFTSV nucleic acid in CSF and blood (mNGS or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) should be carried out, especially in critically ill patients, and treatment should be given accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Shan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Weibi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuting Chai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Park SC, Jeong DE, Han SW, Chae JS, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim B, Kang JG. Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y. [PMID: 38635002 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Hao Y, Wang X, Du Z, Liu C, Zhang M, Kuai H, Wang W, Wang Z, Liu Z, Yang J. Prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29612. [PMID: 38639291 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To explore the association and impact between viral myocarditis and mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. A dynamic analysis was conducted between fatal group and nonfatal group regarding the daily epidemiology data, clinical symptoms, and electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and laboratory findings. Outcomes of patients with and without viral myocarditis were compared. The association between viral myocarditis and mortality was analyzed. Among 183 severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients, 32 were in the fatal group and 151 in the nonfatal group; there were 26 (81.25%) with viral myocarditis in the fatal group, 66 (43.70%) with viral myocarditis in the nonfatal group (p < 0.001), 79.35% of patients had abnormal ECG results. The abnormal rate of ECG in the fatal group was 100%, and in the nonfatal group was 74.83%. Univariate analysis found that the number of risk factors gradually increased on Day 7 of the disease course and reached the peak on Day 10. Combined with the dynamic analysis of the disease course, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase fraction, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, neutrophil count, serum creatinine, Na, Ca, carbon dioxide combining power, amylase, lipase, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time had statistically significant impact on prognosis. The incidence of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome combined with viral myocarditis is high, especially in the fatal group of patients. Viral myocarditis is closely related to prognosis and is an early risk factor. The time point for changes in myocarditis is Day 7 of the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Kuai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Guo J, Shi W, Li X, Yang B, Qin C, Su L. Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Laboratory Chinchillas, Ferrets, and Marmots: Implications for Pathogen Infection Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:646. [PMID: 38674591 PMCID: PMC11051751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes play a vital role in the health and disease of animals, especially in relation to pathogen infections. Chinchillas, ferrets, and marmots are commonly used as important laboratory animals for infectious disease research. Here, we studied the bacterial and fungal microbiota and discovered that chinchillas had higher alpha diversity and a higher abundance of bacteria compared to marmots and ferrets by using the metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and ITS2, coupled with co-occurrence network analysis. The dominant microbes varied significantly among the three animal species, particularly in the gut mycobiota. In the ferrets, the feces were dominated by yeast such as Rhodotorula and Kurtzmaniella, while in the chinchillas, we found Teunomyces and Penicillium dominating, and Acaulium, Piromyces, and Kernia in the marmots. Nevertheless, the dominant bacterial genera shared some similarities, such as Clostridium and Pseudomonas across the three animal species. However, there were significant differences observed, such as Vagococcus and Ignatzschineria in the ferrets, Acinetobacter and Bacteroides in the chinchillas, and Bacteroides and Cellvibrio in the marmots. Additionally, our differential analysis revealed significant differences in classification levels among the three different animal species, as well as variations in feeding habitats that resulted in distinct contributions from the host microbiome. Therefore, our data are valuable for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the microbiome, as well as considering potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.L.); (B.Y.); (C.Q.)
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Oh B, Park SC, Yang MS, Yang D, Ham G, Tark D, You MJ, Oh SI, Kim B. Difference in Intraspecies Transmissibility of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Depending on Abrogating Type 1 Interferon Signaling in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:401. [PMID: 38543766 PMCID: PMC10974630 DOI: 10.3390/v16030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a tick-borne zoonotic disease, is caused by infection with SFTS virus (SFTSV). A previous study reported that human-to-human direct transmission of SFTSV can occur. However, potential animal-to-animal transmission of SFTSV without ticks has not been fully clarified. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate potential mice-to-mice transmission of SFTSV by co-housing three groups of mice [i.e., wild-type mice (WT), mice injected with an anti-type I interferon-α receptor-blocking antibody (IFNAR Ab), and mice with knockout of type I interferon-α receptor (IFNAR KO)] as spreaders or recipients with different immune competence. As a result, co-housed IFNAR Ab and IFNAR KO mice showed body weight loss with SFTS viral antigens detected in their sera, extracorporeal secretions, and various organs. Based on histopathology, white pulp atrophy in the spleen was observed in all co-housed mice except WT mice. These results obviously show that IFNAR Ab and IFNAR KO mice, as spreaders, exhibited higher transmissibility to co-housed mice than WT mice. Moreover, IFNAR KO mice, as recipients, were more susceptible to SFTSV infection than WT mice. These findings suggest that type I interferon signaling is a pivotal factor in mice intraspecies transmissibility of SFTSV in the absence of vectors such as ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkwan Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Seok-Chan Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Gaeul Ham
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-ro, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung Jo You
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
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Kim D, Lai CJ, Cha I, Jung JU. Current Progress of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) Vaccine Development. Viruses 2024; 16:128. [PMID: 38257828 PMCID: PMC10818334 DOI: 10.3390/v16010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SFTSV is an emerging tick-borne virus causing hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate (CFR) that can reach up to 27%. With endemic infection in East Asia and the recent spread of the vector tick to more than 20 states in the United States, the SFTSV outbreak is a globally growing public health concern. However, there is currently no targeted antiviral therapy or licensed vaccine against SFTSV. Considering the age-dependent SFTS pathogenesis and disease outcome, a sophisticated vaccine development approach is required to safeguard the elderly population from lethal SFTSV infection. Given the recent emergence of SFTSV, the establishment of animal models to study immunogenicity and protection from SFTS symptoms has only occurred recently. The latest research efforts have applied diverse vaccine development approaches-including live-attenuated vaccine, DNA vaccine, whole inactivated virus vaccine, viral vector vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, and mRNA vaccine-in the quest to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SFTSV. This review aims to outline the current progress in SFTSV vaccine development and suggest future directions to enhance the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, ensuring their suitability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Xu Y, Yang X, Qu C, Jia J. Clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) sepsis and non-SFTS sepsis. Mol Immunol 2023; 164:1-6. [PMID: 37866135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease caused by bunyavirus, and the critically cases conform to the definition of sepsis. In order to compare the differences between SFTS sepsis and non-SFTS sepsis, a retrospective analysis was performed. Thirty-seven SFTS sepsis and 96 non-SFTS sepsis patients were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results were compared between the two groups and independent prognostic risk of mortality were investigated respectively. Compared with non-SFTS sepsis, SFTS cases had lower white blood cell, neutrophil and platelet counts, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and decreased fibrinogen, slightly elevated inflammatory indicators. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE II) score were independent prognostic risk factors in non-SFTS sepsis. The mortality risk of STFS sepsis was related to the viral clearance. There was no difference in viral load between SFTS survivors and non-survivors on admission. However, the differences were significant on 5th, 7th, 10th, and 14th day, and all SFTS non-survivors died within 14 days. Viral clearance rate on 7th day was an independent risk factor for mortality in SFTS sepsis. The mortality risk of STFS sepsis was related to the viral clearance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- General Practice Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Jia
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Chen C. Novel nomograms to predict risk and prognosis in hospitalized patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1321490. [PMID: 38105896 PMCID: PMC10722171 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1321490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease caused by SFTS virus. Although recent studies have reported the use of nomograms based on demographic and laboratory data to predict the prognosis of SFTS, no study has included viral load, which is an important factor that influences the prognosis, when compared with other risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model that predicts SFTS prognosis before it reaches the critical illness stage and to compare the predictive ability of groups with and without viral load. Methods Two hundred patients with SFTS were enrolled between June 2018 and August 2023. Data were sourced from the first laboratory results at admission, and two nomograms for mortality risk were developed using multivariate logistic regression to identify the risk variables for poor prognosis in these patients. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the two nomograms to assess their discrimination, and predictive abilities were compared using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified four independent risk factors: age, bleeding manifestations, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and viral load. Based on these factors, a final nomogram predicting mortality risk in patients with SFTS was constructed; in addition, a simplified nomogram was constructed excluding the viral load. The AUC [0.926, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.882-0.970 vs. 0.882, 95% CI: 35 0.823-0.942], NRI (0.143, 95% CI, 0.036-0.285), and IDI (0.124, 95% CI, 0.061-0.186) were calculated and compared between the two models. The calibration curves of the two models showed excellent concordance, and decision curve analysis was used to quantify the net benefit at different threshold probabilities. Conclusion Two critical risk nomograms were developed based on the indicators for early prediction of mortality risk in patients with SFTS, and enhanced predictive accuracy was observed in the model that incorporated the viral load. The models developed will provide frontline clinicians with a convenient tool for early identification of critically ill patients and initiation of a better personalized treatment in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaoru Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Tian W, Zhang Y, Geng S, Wang J, Ji W, Xu Y, Gao X, Li X, Lin L, Liu Y, Song C, Chen Z, Zhang W. Evaluation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in clinical laboratories: A single-center study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29258. [PMID: 38054542 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease prevalent in East Asia with a high mortality rate (5%-30%). Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), a rapid nucleic acid-based diagnostic technique, is a useful alternative for the clinical diagnosis of SFTS, particularly in resource-limited hospitals or rural clinics in SFTS virus-endemic regions. However, the actual clinical sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP remain unclear. This study evaluated the field application of RT-LAMP. This prospective field study included 130 patients with laboratory-confirmed SFTS from Yantai, Shandong Province, China. Two sets of RT-LAMP primers were validated, and one set of RT-LAMP assays was optimized for field detection. Nucleic acids of serially collected serum/plasma samples were identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RT-LAMP. In laboratory tests, we optimized the detection time of primer set 2 for the RT-LAMP to 60 min. Notably, the onsite testing of 279 plasma samples from patients with SFTS revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 81.9% and 96.3%, respectively. We also analyzed samples with different durations of the disease, and our study showed that the sensitivity of RT-LAMP detection at the beginning of admission was 89.92%. Univariate analysis showed that the detection rate of RT-LAMP was similar to that of RT-qPCR in the first 5 days of the disease course and was lower than that of RT-qPCR on Days 6 and 14-15 of the disease course. The positive detection rate in patients aged ≥ 65 years was significantly higher than that in younger age groups. RT-LAMP is a simple, suitable, and rapid clinical detection method of SFTS onsite screening. It is more suitable for screening patients in the early stages of the disease and analyzing samples obtained from patients aged ≥ 65 years before the 6th day of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Saga Y, Yoshida T, Yoshida R, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Inasaki N, Itamochi M, Yamazaki E, Oishi K, Tani H. Long-Term Detection and Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus in Dog Urine. Viruses 2023; 15:2228. [PMID: 38005905 PMCID: PMC10675301 DOI: 10.3390/v15112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), with a high fatality rate of approximately 30% in humans. In recent years, cases of contact infection with SFTSV via bodily fluids of infected dogs and cats have been reported. In this study, clinical and virological analyses were performed in two dogs in which SFTSV infection was confirmed for the first time in the Toyama prefecture. Both dogs recovered; however, one was severely ill and the other mildly ill. The amount of the SFTSV gene was reduced to almost similar levels in both dogs. In the dogs' sera, the SFTSV gene was detected at a low level but fell below the detection limit approximately 2 weeks after onset. Notably, the SFTSV gene was detected at levels several thousand times higher in urine than in other specimens from both dogs. Furthermore, the gene was detected in the urine for a long period of >2 months. The clinical signs disappeared on days 1 or 6 after onset, but infectious SFTSV was detected in the urine up to 3 weeks later. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful about contact with bodily fluids, especially urine, even after symptoms have disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Director-General Office, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
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12
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Kim D, Lai CJ, Cha I, Kang S, Yang WS, Choi Y, Jung JU. SFTSV Gn-Head mRNA vaccine confers efficient protection against lethal viral challenge. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29203. [PMID: 37909776 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus, causing thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic fever, with a fatality rate ranging from 12% to 30%. SFTSV possesses Gn and Gc glycoproteins, which are responsible for host cell receptor attachment and membrane fusion, respectively, to infect host cells. We have previously reported a protein subunit vaccine candidate (sGn-H-FT) of the SFTSV soluble Gn head region (sGn-H) fused with self-assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticles, displaying strong protective immunogenicity. In this study, we present messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine candidates encoding sGn-H or sGn-H-FT, both of which exhibit potent in vivo immunogenicity and protection capacity. Mice immunized with either sGn-H or sGn-H-FT mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine produced strong total antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against sGn-H. Importantly, NAb titers remained high for an extended period. Finally, mice immunized with sGn-H or sGn-H-FT mRNA LNP vaccine were fully protected from a lethal dose of SFTSV challenge, showing no fatality. These findings underscore the promise of sGn-H and sGn-H-FT as vaccine antigen candidates capable of providing protective immunity against SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Wan-Shan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
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13
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Kim D, Kim E, Kim S, Chung Y, Lai CJ, Cha I, Cho SD, Choi Y, Dai X, Kim S, Kang S, Kwak MJ, Liu Z, Choi Y, Park SH, Choi YK, Jung JU. Self-assembling Gn head ferritin nanoparticle vaccine provides full protection from lethal challenge of Dabie bandavirus in aged ferrets. mBio 2023; 14:e0186823. [PMID: 37712692 PMCID: PMC10653821 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01868-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dabie bandavirus (DBV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in infected patients. Human SFTS symptoms progress from fever, fatigue, and muscle pain to the depletion of white blood cells and platelets with fatality rates up to 30%. The recent spread of its vector tick to over 20 states in the United States increases the potential for outbreaks of the SFTS beyond the East Asia. Thus, the development of vaccine to control this rapidly emerging virus is a high priority. In this study, we applied self-assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticle to enhance the immunogenicity of DBV Gn head domain (GnH) as a vaccine target. Mice immunized with the GnH-FT nanoparticle vaccine induced potent antibody responses and cellular immunity. Immunized aged ferrets were fully protected from the lethal challenge of DBV. Our study describes the GnH-FT nanoparticle vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against the emerging DBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eunha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youseung Chung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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Kim EH, Park SJ. Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2309. [PMID: 37764153 PMCID: PMC10536723 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The expanding range of ticks, the primary vectors for SFTSV, combined with migration patterns of tick-carrying birds, sets the stage for the global spread of this virus. SFTSV rapidly evolves due to continuous mutation and reassortment; currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Thus, the threat this virus poses to global health is unmistakable. This review consolidates the most recent research on SFTSV, including its molecular characteristics, transmission pathways through ticks and other animals, as well as the progress in antiviral drug and vaccine development, encompassing animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chen L, Ma M, Zou M, Zhao L, Ou M, Geng Y, Li C, Shen H, Chen Y. Rapid and portable bunyavirus SFTSV RNA testing utilizing catalytic hairpin assembly coupled with lateral flow immunoassay. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0214423. [PMID: 37681992 PMCID: PMC10581038 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02144-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a prevalent, life-threatening, emergent infectious disease. Currently, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosing SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection, which requires sophisticated equipment and professional personnel that are frequently unavailable in most SFTS endemic rural areas. Here, we reported a simple, rapid nucleic acid amplification system that combined the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip-based detection method for SFTSV detection. The detection of SFTSV RNA could be realized by generation of H1-H2 hybrid duplexes labeled with biotin and digoxin, which subsequently added to the LFIA test strips containing streptavidin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 as well as anti-digoxin antibodies. Our CHA-based LFIA assay offered high amplification efficiency and specificity with a detection limit of 1 aM. Crucially, this method enabled stable detection of 500 copies/mL of SFTSV within 30 min using clinical serum samples. Therefore, our CHA-based LFIA approach provided a potential useful tool to facilitate early and precise diagnosis of SFTS patients in poorly resourced SFTS endemic areas.IMPORTANCESevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging and potentially fatal infectious disease prevalent in China. Here we report a simple, rapid nucleic acid amplification system, the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) in conjunction with a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip-based detection method for SFTS virus detection, which demonstrated high amplification efficiency and specificity with limit of detection of 1 aM. Most importantly, we also validate our CHA-based LFIA assay using the clinical serum samples, which was fully compatible with reverse transcription-PCR results. Therefore, our strategy provides a potential useful tool to facilitate early and precise diagnosis of SFTS patients especially in poorly resourced SFTS endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyin Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingrong Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Yu S, Zhang Q, Su L, He J, Shi W, Yan H, Mao H, Sun Y, Cheng D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fang L. Dabie bandavirus infection induces macrophagic pyroptosis and this process is attenuated by platelets. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011488. [PMID: 37486928 PMCID: PMC10399884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infection with a high mortality rate in humans, which is caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), formerly known as SFTS virus. Clinical manifestations of SFTS are characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, gastrointestinal symptoms, myalgia and local lymph node enlargement with up to 30% case fatality rates in human. Macrophage depletion in secondary lymphoid organs have important roles in the pathogenic process of fatal SFTS, but its exact cell death mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we showed for the first time that DBV infection induced macrophagic pyroptosis, as evidenced by swollen cells, pore-forming structures, accumulation of gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) as well as the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-1β in human macrophages. In addition to the upregulation of pyronecrosis genes, the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins (GSDMD, caspase-1 and IL-1β) were also elevated. To be noted, platelets were found to play a protective role in DBV-derived pyroptosis. Transcriptome analysis and in vitro studies demonstrated that platelets significantly reduced the gene expressions and protein production of pro-pyroptotic markers and inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, whereas platelets conferred a propagation advantage for DBV. Collectively, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which DBV invasion triggers pyroptosis as a host defense to remove replication niches in human macrophages and platelets provide an additional layer to reduce cellular death. These findings may have important implications to the pathogenesis of lethal DBV, and provide new ideas for developing novel therapeutics to combat its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxuan Su
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Shaoxing Shangyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Yoshikawa R, Kawakami M, Yasuda J. The NSs protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus differentially inhibits the type 1 interferon response among animal species. J Biol Chem 2023:104819. [PMID: 37187292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), which has been reported in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Taiwan, is a causative agent of severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This virus has a high mortality and induces thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia in humans, cats, and aged ferrets, whereas immunocompetent adult mice infected with SFTSV never show symptoms. Anti-SFTSV antibodies have been detected in several animals- including goats, sheep, cattle, and pigs. However, there are no reports of SFTS in these animals. Previous studies have reported that the nonstructural protein NSs of SFTSV inhibits the type I interferon (IFN-I) response through the sequestration of human signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. In this study, comparative analysis of the function of NSs as IFN antagonists in human, cat, dog, ferret, mouse, and pig cells revealed a correlation between pathogenicity of SFTSV and the function of NSs in each animal. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of IFN-I signaling and phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 by NSs depended on the binding ability of NSs to STAT1 and STAT2. Our results imply that the function of NSs in antagonizing STAT2 determines the species-specific pathogenicity of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN); National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID)
| | - Masahiro Kawakami
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN)
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN); National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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18
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Zheng A. Two Point Mutations in the Glycoprotein of SFTSV Enhance the Propagation Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors at Assembly Step. Viruses 2023; 15:800. [PMID: 36992507 PMCID: PMC10052781 DOI: 10.3390/v15030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen for which approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines are not available. We previously developed a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine candidate (rVSV-SFTSV) by replacing the original glycoprotein with Gn/Gc from SFTSV, which conferred complete protection in a mouse model. Here, we found that two spontaneous mutations, M749T/C617R, emerged in the Gc glycoprotein during passaging that could significantly increase the titer of rVSV-SFTSV. M749T/C617R enhanced the genetic stability of rVSV-SFTSV, and no further mutations appeared after 10 passages. Using immunofluorescence analysis, we found that M749T/C617R could increase glycoprotein traffic to the plasma membrane, thus facilitating virus assembly. Remarkably, the broad-spectrum immunogenicity of rVSV-SFTSV was not affected by the M749T/C617R mutations. Overall, M749T/C617R could enhance the further development of rVSV-SFTSV into an effective vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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19
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Xia G, Sun S, Zhou S, Li L, Li X, Zou G, Huang C, Li J, Zhang Z. A new model for predicting the outcome and effectiveness of drug therapy in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A multicenter Chinese study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011158. [PMID: 36877734 PMCID: PMC10019728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a few models for predicting the outcomes of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) based on single-center data, but clinicians need more reliable models based on multicenter data to predict the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of drug therapy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This retrospective multicenter study analyzed data from 377 patients with SFTS, including a modeling group and a validation group. In the modeling group, the presence of neurologic symptoms was a strong predictor of mortality (odds ratio: 168). Based on neurologic symptoms and the joint indices score, which included age, gastrointestinal bleeding, and the SFTS virus viral load, patients were divided into double-positive, single-positive, and double-negative groups, which had mortality rates of 79.3%, 6.8%, and 0%, respectively. Validation using data on 216 cases from two other hospitals yielded similar results. A subgroup analysis revealed that ribavirin had a significant effect on mortality in the single-positive group (P = 0.006), but not in the double-positive or double-negative group. In the single-positive group, prompt antibiotic use was associated with reduced mortality (7.2% vs 47.4%, P < 0.001), even in individuals without significant granulocytopenia and infection, and early prophylaxis was associated with reduced mortality (9.0% vs. 22.8%, P = 0.008). The infected group included SFTS patients with pneumonia or sepsis, while the noninfected group included patients with no signs of infection. The white blood cell count and levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin differed significantly between the infection and non-infection groups (P = 0.020, P = 0.011, and P = 0.003, respectively), although the absolute difference in the medians were small. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We developed a simple model to predict mortality in patients with SFTS. Our model may help to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs in these patients. In patients with severe SFTS, ribavirin and antibiotics may reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Xia
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guizhou Zou
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Qian F, Zhou W, Liu Y, Ge Z, Lai J, Zhao Z, Feng Y, Lin L, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Fan T, Zhao Y, Chen Z. High C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality outcomes of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A multicenter study in China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28546. [PMID: 36734063 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio (CLR) and establish an early-warning model for SFTS mortality. We retrospectively analyzed hospitalized SFTS patients in six clinical centers from May 2011 to 2022. The efficacy of CLR prediction was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A nomogram was established and validated. Eight hundred and eighty-two SFTS patients (median age 64 years, 48.5% male) were enrolled in this study, with a mortality rate of 17.8%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CLR was 0.878 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.850-0.903, p < 0.001), which demonstrates high predictive strength. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression selected seven potential predictors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined three independent risk factors, including CLR, to construct the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram displayed excellent discrimination and calibration, with significant net benefits in clinical uses. CLR is a brand-new predictor for SFTS mortality. The nomogram based on CLR can serve as a convenient tool for physicians to identify critical SFTS cases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qian
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhonglu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Li YH, Huang WW, He WQ, He XY, Wang XH, Lin YL, Zhao ZJ, Zheng YT, Pang W. Longitudinal analysis of immunocyte responses and inflammatory cytokine profiles in SFTSV-infected rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143796. [PMID: 37033979 PMCID: PMC10073517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging bunyavirus, causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), with a high fatality rate of 20%-30%. At present, however, the pathogenesis of SFTSV remains largely unclear and no specific therapeutics or vaccines against its infection are currently available. Therefore, animal models that can faithfully recapitulate human disease are important to help understand and treat SFTSV infection. Here, we infected seven Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with SFTSV. Virological and immunological changes were monitored over 28 days post-infection. Results showed that mild symptoms appeared in the macaques, including slight fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) in the blood. Viral replication was persistently detectable in lymphoid tissues and bone marrow even after viremia disappeared. Immunocyte detection showed that the number of T cells (mainly CD8+ T cells), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes decreased during infection. In detail, effector memory CD8+ T cells declined but showed increased activation, while both the number and activation of effector memory CD4+ T cells increased significantly. Furthermore, activated memory B cells decreased, while CD80+/CD86+ B cells and resting memory B cells (CD27+CD21+) increased significantly. Intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+) increased, while myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) rather than plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) markedly declined during early infection. Cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MCP-1), were substantially elevated in blood and were correlated with activated CD4+ T cells, B cells, CD16+CD56+ NK cells, CD14+CD16+ monocytes during infection. Thus, this study demonstrates that Chinese rhesus macaques infected with SFTSV resemble mild clinical symptoms of human SFTS and provides detailed virological and immunological parameters in macaques for understanding the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Office of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Long Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Tang Zheng, ; Wei Pang,
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Tang Zheng, ; Wei Pang,
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22
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Tang H, Peng J, Peng S, Wang Q, Jiang X, Xue X, Tao Y, Xiang L, Ji Q, Liu SM, Weng X, Zhou X. Live-cell RNA imaging using the CRISPR-dCas13 system with modified sgRNAs appended with fluorescent RNA aptamers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14032-14040. [PMID: 36540819 PMCID: PMC9728512 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04656c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of RNA imaging strategies in live cells is essential to improve our understanding of their role in various cellular functions. We report an efficient RNA imaging method based on the CRISPR-dPspCas13b system with fluorescent RNA aptamers in sgRNA (CasFAS) in live cells. Using modified sgRNA attached to fluorescent RNA aptamers that showed reduced background fluorescence, this approach provides a simple, sensitive way to image and track endogenous RNA with high accuracy and efficiency. In addition, color switching can be easily achieved by changing the fluorogenic dye analogues in living cells through user-friendly washing and restaining operations. CasFAS is compatible with orthogonal fluorescent aptamers, such as Broccoli and Pepper, enabling multiple colors RNA labeling or intracellular RNA-RNA interaction imaging. Finally, the visualization of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was achieved by CasFAS, which may facilitate further studies on this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Junran Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Shuang Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Xue
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Limin Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Quanjiang Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
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23
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Dai ZN, Peng XF, Li JC, Zhao J, Wu YX, Yang X, Yang T, Zhang SF, Dai K, Guan XG, Yuan C, Yang ZD, Cui N, Lu QB, Huang Y, Fan H, Zhang XA, Xiao GF, Peng K, Zhang LK, Liu W, Li H. Effect of genomic variations in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus on the disease lethality. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1672-1682. [PMID: 35603493 PMCID: PMC9225783 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus, causes mild-to-moderate infection to critical illness or even death in human patients. The effect of virus variations on virulence and related clinical significance is unclear. We prospectively recruited SFTSV-infected patients in a hotspot region of SFTS endemic in China from 2011 to 2020, sequenced whole genome of SFTSV, and assessed the association of virus genomic variants with clinical data, viremia, and inflammatory response. We identified seven viral clades (I-VII) based on phylogenetic characterization of 805 SFTSV genome sequences. A significantly increased case fatality rate (32.9%) was revealed in one unique clade (IV) that possesses a specific co-mutation pattern, compared to other three common clades (I, 16.7%; II, 13.8%; and III, 11.8%). The phenotype-genotype association (hazard ratios ranged 1.327-2.916) was confirmed by multivariate regression adjusting age, sex, and hospitalization delay. We revealed a pronounced inflammation response featured by more production of CXCL9, IL-10, IL-6, IP-10, M-CSF, and IL-1β, in clade IV, which was also related to severe complications. We observed enhanced cytokine expression from clade IV inoculated PBMCs and infected mice. Moreover, the neutralization activity of convalescent serum from patients infected with one specified clade was remarkably reduced to other viral clades. Together, our findings revealed a significant association between one specific viral clade and SFTS fatality, highlighting the need for molecular surveillance for highly lethal strains in endemic regions and unravelled the importance of evaluating cross-clade effect in development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Niu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Gang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yuan
- The People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yang
- The People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- The People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-Fu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chen R, Li Q, Chen H, Yang H, Wei X, Chen M, Wen H. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus replicates in brain tissues and damages neurons in newborn mice. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:204. [PMID: 35987890 PMCID: PMC9392058 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne phlebovirus with a high fatality rate of 12–30%, which has an expanding endemic and caused thousands of infections every year. Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are an important risk factor of SFTS outcome death. Further understanding of the process of how SFTSV invades the brain is critical for developing effective anti-SFTS encephalitis therapeutics. We obeserved changes of viral load in the brain at different time points after intraperitoneal infection of SFTSV in newborn C57/BL6 mice. The virus invaded the brain at 3 h post-infection (hpi). Notably, the viral load increased exponentially after 24 hpi. In addition, it was found that in addition to macrophages, SFTSV infected neurons and replicated in the brain. These findings provide insights into the CNS manifestations of severe SFTS, which may lead to drug development and encephalitis therapeutics.
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25
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Lee SY, Yun SH, Lee H, Lee YG, Seo G, Kim NH, Park EC, Lee CS, Kim SI. Serum proteomics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:32. [PMID: 35964007 PMCID: PMC9375430 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dabie bandavirus, also termed as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), was first isolated in China in 2010. At this time, the virus was found to have spread to South Korea, Japan, and other countries. A high case fatality rate is reported for SFTS, ranging from 12-50% within various sources. Several omics for clinical studies among SFTS patients as well as studies of cultured SFTSV have attempted to characterize the relevant molecular biology and epidemiology of the disease. However, a global serum proteomics analysis among SFTS patients has not yet been reported to date. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated comparative serum proteomics among SFTS patients (eight recovered patients and three deceased patients) with the goal of identifying the protein expression patterns associated with the clinical manifestations of SFTS. RESULTS The proteomic results in the current study showed that the coagulation factor proteins, protein S and protein C, were statistically significantly downregulated among the deceased patients. Downregulation of the complement system as well as prolonged neutrophil activation were also observed. Additionally, the downstream proteins of tumour necrosis factor alpha, neutrophil-activating cytokine, and interleukin-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, were overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopenia and multiple organ failure are the major immediate causes of death among SFTS patients. In this study, serum proteomic changes related to thrombocytopenia, abnormal immune response, and inflammatory activation were documented in SFTS patients. These findings provide useful information for understanding the clinical manifestations of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, National Institute of Health, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Giwan Seo
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54986, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Wang T, Xu L, Zhu B, Wang J, Zheng X. Immune escape mechanisms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937684. [PMID: 35967309 PMCID: PMC9366518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), poses a serious threat to global public health, with high fatalities and an increasing prevalence. As effective therapies and prevention strategies are limited, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of SFTS. SFTSV has evolved several mechanisms to escape from host immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which SFTSV escapes host immune responses, including the inhibition of innate immunity and evasion of adaptive immunity. Understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS will aid in the development of new strategies for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
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27
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Park SJ, Kim YI, Casel MA, Kim EH, Kim SM, Yu KM, Rollon R, Jang SG, Jeong HW, Choi YK. Infection Route Impacts the Pathogenesis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ferrets. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061184. [PMID: 35746656 PMCID: PMC9227493 DOI: 10.3390/v14061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) to public health has been increasing due to the rapid spread of the ticks that carry the causative viral agent. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) was first identified in China and subsequently detected in neighboring countries, including South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. In addition to the tick-mediated infection, human-to-human transmission has been recently reported with a high mortality rate; however, differential study of the pathogen has been limited by the route of infection. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic potential of SFTSV based on the infection route in aged ferrets, which show clinical signs similar to that of human infections. Ferrets inoculated with SFTSV via the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes show clinical signs comparable to those of severe human infections, with a mortality rate of 100%. Contrastingly, intravascularly infected ferrets exhibit a comparatively lower mortality rate of 25%, although their early clinical signs are similar to those observed following infection via the other routes. These results indicate that the infection route could influence the onset of SFTS symptoms and the pathogenicity of SFTSV. Thus, infection route should be considered in future studies on the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); (Y.K.C.)
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Mark Anthony Casel
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea; (Y.-I.K.); (M.A.C.); (S.-M.K.); (R.R.); (S.-G.J.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (E.-H.K.); (K.-M.Y.); (H.W.J.)
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); (Y.K.C.)
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28
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Sun J, Min YQ, Li Y, Sun X, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Animal Model of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:797189. [PMID: 35087498 PMCID: PMC8787146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging life-threatening infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV; genus Bandavirus, family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales), has been a significant medical problem. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutic agents available and the viral pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Developing appropriate animal models capable of recapitulating SFTSV infection in humans is crucial for both the study of the viral pathogenic processes and the development of treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we review the current progress in animal models for SFTSV infection by summarizing susceptibility of various potential animal models to SFTSV challenge and the clinical manifestations and histopathological changes in these models. Together with exemplification of studies on SFTSV molecular mechanisms, vaccine candidates, and antiviral drugs, in which animal infection models are utilized, the strengths and limitations of the existing SFTSV animal models and some important directions for future research are also discussed. Further exploration and optimization of SFTSV animal models and the corresponding experimental methods will be undoubtedly valuable for elucidating the viral infection and pathogenesis and evaluating vaccines and antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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29
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Highly adaptive
Phenuiviridae
with biomedical importance in multiple fields. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2388-2401. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Kim YI, Yu KM, Koh JY, Kim EH, Kim SM, Kim EJ, Casel MAB, Rollon R, Jang SG, Song MS, Park SJ, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Lee OJ, Kim YD, Choi Y, Lee SA, Choi YJ, Park SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35013229 PMCID: PMC8748994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 is isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥3 years old) show higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration, and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤6 months) and young adult (1–2 years) groups. Furthermore, direct contact ferrets co-housed with the virus-infected aged group shed more virus than direct-contact ferrets co-housed with virus-infected juvenile or young adult ferrets. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs reveals strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Here, Kim et al. characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection in juvenile, young, and old aged ferrets to provide a further understanding of differences in COVID-19 severity in humans at different ages. Aged ferrets have higher viral loads, shed virus longer, and mimic the transcriptomic profile of severely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Yu
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. .,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. .,Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Gui Y, Xu Y, Yang P. Predictive Value of the Platelet-to-Albumin Ratio (PAR) on the Risk of Death at Admission in Patients Suffering from Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5647-5652. [PMID: 34744448 PMCID: PMC8565980 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s335727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) on the risk of death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Methods Between Jan 2019 and June 2021, 127 cases which were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University have been included in this study. The laboratory data were selected at the time of admission. To identify the potential independent risk factors for severe fever associated with thrombocytopenia syndrome, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of PAR in identifying patients exhibiting severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that PAR could potentially serve as an independent risk factor for the death in patients with SFTS (OR = 4.023, 95% CI 1.204–13.436, P=0.024). The prediction of the risk of death in patients with SFTS was assessed using the AUC. The AUC for the PAR was 0.729 (95% CI, 0.637–0.82, P < 0.001), whereas the optimal cut-off value of PAR was found to be 1.43, with 54.9% sensitivity and 86.1% specificity. Conclusion Our study demonstrated for the first time that PAR could act as an independent predictor for mortality in adult patients with SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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32
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A longitudinal sampling study of transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles in patients with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5629. [PMID: 34561445 PMCID: PMC8463551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel tick-borne infectious disease caused by a new type of SFTS virus (SFTSV). Here, a longitudinal sampling study is conducted to explore the differences in transcript levels after SFTSV infection, and to characterize the transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles of hospitalized patients. The results reveal significant changes in the mRNA expression of certain genes from onset to recovery. Moreover, m6A-seq reveals that certain genes related with immune regulation may be regulated by m6A. Besides the routine tests such as platelet counts, serum ALT and AST levels testing, distinct changes in myocardial enzymes, coagulation function, and inflammation are well correlated with the clinical data and sequencing data, suggesting that clinical practitioners should monitor the above indicators to track disease progression and guide personalized treatment. In this study, the transcript changes and RNA modification may lend a fresh perspective to our understanding of the SFTSV and play a significant role in the discovery of drugs for effective treatment of this disease.
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33
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Ren F, Shen S, Ning YJ, Wang Q, Dai S, Shi J, Zhou M, Wang H, Huang C, Zhang DY, Deng F. Non-structural Proteins of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Suppress RNA Synthesis in a Transcriptionally Active cDNA-Derived Viral RNA Synthesis System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709517. [PMID: 34484148 PMCID: PMC8415556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the tick-borne SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV) resulting in a high fatality rate up to 30%. SFTSV is a negative-strand RNA virus containing three single-stranded RNA genome segments designated as L, M, and S, which respectively, encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), glycoproteins Gn and Gc, and nucleoprotein (N) and non-structural proteins (NSs). NSs can form inclusion bodies (IBs) in infected and transfected cells. A previous study has provided a clue that SFTSV NSs may be involved in virus-like or viral RNA synthesis; however, the details remain unclear. Our work described here reveals that SFTSV NSs can downregulate virus-like RNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner within a cDNA-derived viral RNA synthesis system, i.e., minigenome (−) and minigenome (+) systems based on transfection, superinfection, and luciferase reporter activity determination; meanwhile, NSs also show a weak inhibitory effect on virus replication. By using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and RT-PCR combined with site-directed mutagenesis, we found that NSs suppress virus-like RNA or virus replication through interacting with N but not with RdRp, and the negative regulatory effect correlates closely with the IB structure it formed but is not associated with its role of antagonizing host innate immune responses. When the cytoplasmic structure of IB formed by SFTSV NSs was deprived, the inhibitory effect of NSs on virus-like RNA synthesis would weaken and even disappear. Similarly, we also evaluated other bandavirus NSs that cannot form IB in neither infected nor transfected cells, and the results showed that the NSs of Heartland bandavirus (HRTV) did not show a significant inhibitory effect on virus-like RNA synthesis within a minigenome system. Our findings provide experimental evidence that SFTSV NSs participate in regulating virus-like or viral RNA synthesis and the negative effect may be due to the NSs–N interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ren
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongya Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Clinical Update of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071213. [PMID: 34201811 PMCID: PMC8310018 DOI: 10.3390/v13071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute febrile illness characterized by fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting resulting from infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). The SFTSV is transmitted to humans by tick bites, primarily from Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma testudinarium, Ixodes nipponensis, and Rhipicephalus microplus. Human-to-human transmission has also been reported. Since the first report of an SFTS patient in China, the number of patients has also been increasing. The mortality rate of patients with SFTS remains high because the disease can quickly lead to death through multiple organ failure. In particular, an average fatality rate of approximately 20% has been reported for SFTS patients, and no treatment strategy has been established. Therefore, effective antiviral agents and vaccines are required. Here, we aim to review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and various specific treatments (i.e., antiviral agents, steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange) that have been tested to help to cope with the disease.
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35
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Xu S, Jiang N, Nawaz W, Liu B, Zhang F, Liu Y, Wu X, Wu Z. Infection of humanized mice with a novel phlebovirus presented pathogenic features of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009587. [PMID: 33974679 PMCID: PMC8139491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne emerging phlebovirus with high mortality rates of 6.0 to 30%. SFTSV infection is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage and multiple organ failures. Currently, specific therapies and vaccines remain elusive. Suitable small animal models are urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and evaluate the potential drug and vaccine for SFTSV infection. Previous models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a small animal model for the investigation of SFTSV pathogenesis and evaluation of therapeutics. In the current report, we developed a SFTSV infection model based on the HuPBL-NCG mice that recapitulates many pathological characteristics of SFTSV infection in humans. Virus-induced histopathological changes were identified in spleen, lung, kidney, and liver. SFTSV was colocalized with macrophages in the spleen and liver, suggesting that the macrophages in the spleen and liver could be the principle target cells of SFTSV. In addition, histological analysis showed that the vascular endothelium integrity was severely disrupted upon viral infection along with depletion of platelets. In vitro cellular assays further revealed that SFTSV infection increased the vascular permeability of endothelial cells by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation and internalization of the adhesion molecule vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin, a critical component of endothelial integrity. In addition, we found that both virus infection and pathogen-induced exuberant cytokine release dramatically contributed to the vascular endothelial injury. We elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome and developed a humanized mouse model for SFTSV infection, which should be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study. SFTSV is a novel bunyavirus that was identified in 2010 and endemic in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam with expanding spatial incidents. SFTS is characterized by high case-fatality rates and currently has no effective therapeutics or vaccines. In previous study, models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. In the current study, we developed a humanized NCG mouse model for the study of SFTSV infection and elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome with respect to apoptosis, membrane protein endocytosis and cytokine stimulation. The HuPBL-NCG model presented multiple organ pathologies that resemble those of human infection, which will be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
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Casel MA, Park SJ, Choi YK. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: emerging novel phlebovirus and their control strategy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:713-722. [PMID: 33953322 PMCID: PMC8178303 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging infectious disease first identified in central China in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was found to be caused by a novel phlebovirus. Since SFTSV was first identified, epidemics have occurred in several East Asian countries. With the escalating incidence of SFTS and the rapid, worldwide spread of SFTSV vector, it is clear this virus has pandemic potential and presents an impending global public health threat. In this review, we concisely summarize the latest findings regarding SFTSV, including vector and virus transmission, genotype diversity and epidemiology, probable pathogenic mechanism, and clinical presentation of human SFTS. Ticks most likely transmit SFTSV to animals including humans; however, human-to-human transmission has been reported. The majority of arbovirus transmission cycle includes vertebrate hosts, and potential reservoirs include a variety of both domestic and wild animals. Reports of the seroprevalence of SFTSV in both wild and domestic animals raises the probability that domestic animals act as amplifying hosts for the virus. Major clinical manifestation of human SFTS infection is high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and a high case-fatality rate. Several animal models were developed to further understand the pathogenesis of the virus and aid in the discovery of therapeutics and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Tian L, Yan L, Zheng W, Lei X, Fu Q, Xue X, Wang X, Xia X, Zheng X. A rabies virus vectored severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) bivalent candidate vaccine confers protective immune responses in mice. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109076. [PMID: 33957572 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne hemorrhagic zoonotic disease, which is potentially fatal in human with mortality rates ranging from 16.2%-32%. The rabies virus (RABV) LBNSE vector expressing foreign antigens have shown considerable promise as vaccines against viral diseases, which is effective and safe. In the present study, we generated a recombinant RABV rLBNSE-Gn expressing a SFTSV glycoprotein Gn by reverse genetic technology to control rabies and SFTS in animals. An extra insertion of Gn gene did not impact replication of the recombinant virus rLBNSE-Gn in NA and BHK-21 cells compared to the parent rLBNSE strain. The SFTSV Gn gene together with RABV N and G genes were efficiently expressed in rLBNSE-infected Vero cells by immunostaining and immune blots. A single dose of 107 FFU of the rLBNSE-Gn intramuscularly inoculated in BALB/c mice induced rapid and robust humoral responses against both RABV and SFTSV without any signs of disease or weight loss. Compared to the rLBNSE and DMEM groups, the extra Gn expression contributed to the recruitments and/or activations of the dendritic cells and B cells from inguinal lymph nodes of BALB/c mice vaccinated with rLBNSE-Gn. The protective efficacy of rLBNSE-Gn against SFTSV in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated, and the virus loading in the spleens reduced to 10 TCID50/mg at 7 days post SFTSV infections, which indicated that the rLBNSE-Gn conferred efficacious protective immune responses from SFTSV in C57BL/6 mice. All the mice immunization with rLBNSE-Gn and rLBNSE survived after a lethal RABV challenge, suggesting a 100 % protection from RABV. Therefore, the rLBNSE-Gn would be a promising bivalent candidate vaccine against SFTS and rabies in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoying Lei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qianyun Fu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xianghong Xue
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040627. [PMID: 33917632 PMCID: PMC8067456 DOI: 10.3390/v13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), is a tick-borne emerging zoonosis with a high case-fatality rate. At present, there is no approved SFTS vaccine, although the development of a vaccine would be one of the best strategies for preventing SFTS. This article focused on studies aimed at establishing small animal models of SFTS that are indispensable for evaluating vaccine candidates, developing these vaccine candidates, and establishing more practical animal models for evaluation. Innate immune-deficient mouse models, a hamster model, an immunocompetent ferret model and a cat model have been developed for SFTS. Several vaccine candidates for SFTS have been developed, and their efficacy has been confirmed using these animal models. The candidates consist of live-attenuated virus-based, viral vector-based, or DNA-based vaccines. SFTS vaccines are expected to be used for humans and companion dogs and cats. Hence for practical use, the vaccine candidates should be evaluated for efficacy using not only nonhuman primates but also dogs and cats. There is no practical nonhuman primate model of SFTS; however, the cat model is available to evaluate the efficacy of these candidate SFTS vaccines on domesticated animals.
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Kim YI, Yu KM, Koh JY, Kim EH, Kim SM, Kim EJ, Casel MA, Rollon R, Jang SG, Song MS, Park SJ, Jeong HW, Kim EG, Lee OJ, Choi Y, Lee SA, Park SH, Jung JU, Choi YK. Age-dependent pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-131380. [PMID: 33821260 PMCID: PMC8020987 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-131380/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
While the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy people does not differ significantly among age groups, those aged 65 years or older exhibit strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality compared to younger individuals. To further understand differing COVID-19 manifestations in patients of different ages, three age groups of ferrets were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥ 3 years old) showed higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung inflammatory cell infiltration and clinical symptoms compared to juvenile (≤ 6 months) and young adult (1-2 years) groups. Transcriptome analysis of aged ferret lungs revealed strong enrichment of gene sets related to type I interferon, activated T cells, and M1 macrophage responses, mimicking the gene expression profile of severe COVID-19 patients. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged ferrets highly recapitulate COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms and are useful for understanding age-associated infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | | | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
| | | | | | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Mark Anthony Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | - Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University
| | | | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae U Jung
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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Lee JK, Shin OS. Nonstructural Protein of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Phlebovirus Inhibits TBK1 to Evade Interferon-Mediated Response. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:226-232. [PMID: 33397830 PMCID: PMC9705905 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging phlebovirus of the Phenuiviridae family that has been circulating in the following Asian countries: Vietnam, Myanmar, Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea. Despite the increasing infection rates and relatively high mortality rate, there is limited information available regarding SFTSV pathogenesis. In addition, there are currently no vaccines or effective antiviral treatments available. Previous reports have shown that SFTSV suppresses the host immune response and its nonstructural proteins (NSs) function as an antagonist of type I interferon (IFN), whose induction is an essential part of the host defense system against viral infections. Given that SFTSV NSs suppress the innate immune response by inhibiting type I IFN, we investigated the mechanism utilized by SFTSV NSs to evade IFN-mediated response. Our co-immunoprecipitation data suggest the interactions between NSs and retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) or TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Furthermore, confocal analysis indicates the ability of NSs to sequester RIG-I and related downstream molecules in the cytoplasmic structures called inclusion bodies (IBs). NSs are also capable of inhibiting TBK1-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) interaction, and therefore prevent the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3 for the induction of type I IFN. The ability of SFTSV NSs to interact with and sequester TBK1 and IRF3 in IBs demonstrate an effective yet unique method utilized by SFTSV to evade and suppress host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2626-3280 E-mail:
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Molecular Signatures of Inflammatory Profile and B-Cell Function in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.02583-20. [PMID: 33593977 PMCID: PMC8545090 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02583-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus [SFTSV]) induces an immunopathogenic disease with a high fatality rate; however, the mechanisms underlying its clinical manifestations are largely unknown. In this study, we applied targeted proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics to examine the differential immune landscape in SFTS patient blood. Serum immunoprofiling identified low-risk and high-risk clusters of SFTS patients based on inflammatory cytokine levels, which corresponded to disease severity. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SFTS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different infection stages showed pronounced expansion of B cells with alterations in B-cell subsets in fatal cases. Furthermore, plasma cells in which the interferon (IFN) pathway is downregulated were identified as the primary reservoir of SFTSV replication. This study identified not only the molecular signatures of serum inflammatory cytokines and B-cell lineage populations in SFTSV-induced fatalities but also plasma cells as the viral reservoir. Thus, this suggests that altered B-cell function is linked to lethality in SFTSV infections.
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Wang X, Lin L, Zhao Z, Zhou W, Ge Z, Shen Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Song R, Tian D, Wen J, Cui S, Yu X, Feng Y, Liu Y, Qiang C, Duan J, Ma Y, Li X, Fan T, Zhao Y, Chen Z. The predictive effect of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the risk of death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS): a multi-center study in China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:208. [PMID: 33708835 PMCID: PMC7940944 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is caused by infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Methods Between April 2011 and December 2019, data on consecutive patients who were diagnosed with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome were prospectively collected from five medical centers in China. The score of the death risk model was correlated with the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Multivariable Cox analyses were used to identify the independent factors associated with mortality. Results During the study period, 763 patients were diagnosed with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome; 415 of these patients were enrolled in our study. We found that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of the group that died was significantly higher on admission (P=0.007) than that of the group that survived, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio showed a positive correlation with the score of the death risk model. Multivariate Cox regression suggested that a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio greater than 5.4 was an independent risk factor for survival time (HR=6.767, P=0.011). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio did not show a special role in this study. Conclusions A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio greater than 5.4 can increase the risk of death and decrease the survival time of patients. In summary, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio provides a supplementary means for effectively managing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dalian sixth people's hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Zirou Ge
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Cui
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Chunqian Qiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Jianping Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
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Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33335100 PMCID: PMC7746727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Mo Q, Xu Z, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Host restriction of emerging high-pathogenic bunyaviruses via MOV10 by targeting viral nucleoprotein and blocking ribonucleoprotein assembly. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009129. [PMID: 33284835 PMCID: PMC7746268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyavirus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that is assembled by polymerized nucleoproteins (N) coating a viral RNA and associating with a viral polymerase can be both the RNA synthesis machinery and the structural core of virions. Bunyaviral N and RNP thus could be assailable targets for host antiviral defense; however, it remains unclear which and how host factors target N/RNP to restrict bunyaviral infection. By mass spectrometry and protein-interaction analyses, we here show that host protein MOV10 targets the N proteins encoded by a group of emerging high-pathogenic representatives of bunyaviruses including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), one of the most dangerous pathogens listed by World Health Organization, in RNA-independent manner. MOV10 that was further shown to be induced specifically by SFTSV and related bunyaviruses in turn inhibits the bunyaviral replication in infected cells in series of loss/gain-of-function assays. Moreover, animal infection experiments with MOV10 knockdown corroborated the role of MOV10 in restricting SFTSV infection and pathogenicity in vivo. Minigenome assays and additional functional and mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the anti-bunyavirus activity of MOV10 is likely achieved by direct impact on viral RNP machinery but independent of its helicase activity and the cellular interferon pathway. Indeed, by its N-terminus, MOV10 binds to a protruding N-arm domain of N consisting of only 34 amino acids but proving important for N function and blocks N polymerization, N-RNA binding, and N-polymerase interaction, disabling RNP assembly. This study not only advances the understanding of bunyaviral replication and host restriction mechanisms but also presents novel paradigms for both direct antiviral action of MOV10 and host targeting of viral RNP machinery. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging high-pathogenic bunyavirus listed by the World Health Organization as a top priority pathogen for research and development. Although SFTSV and related bunyaviruses emerging globally have raised serious public health concerns, specific antivirals or vaccines are currently unavailable and little is known on the virus-host interactions and viral replication mechanism. The nucleoprotein (N) is essential for bunyavirus replication by driving assembly of ribonucleoprotein (RNP), the RNA synthesis machinery and structural core of virions. Here we show that N proteins of SFTSV and related bunyaviruses can be targeted by host factor MOV10 in RNA-independent manner. Further, MOV10 can be induced specifically by the bunyaviruses and in turn restrict the viral replication and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. The anti-bunyavirus activity of MOV10 is independent of its helicase region and cellular interferon pathway. Instead, by its N-terminus, MOV10 binds to a protruding N-arm domain of N and blocks N polymerization, N-RNA binding, and N-polymerase interaction, disabling RNP assembly. This study provides a delicate model for host targeting of viral RNP machinery and sheds light on bunyaviral replication and host restriction mechanisms, which may promote specific antiviral therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (Y-JN)
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (Y-JN)
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Wang L, Zou Z, Ding K, Hou C. Predictive risk score model for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome mortality based on qSOFA and SIRS scoring system. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:595. [PMID: 32787952 PMCID: PMC7425036 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe systemic virus infectious disease usually having multi-organ dysfunction which resembles sepsis. Methods Data of 321 patients with laboratory-confirmed SFTS from May 2013 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, calculated quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria for survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. Independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were obtained using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Risk score models containing different risk factors for mortality in stratified patients were established whose predictive values were evaluated using the area under ROC curve (AUC). Results Of 321 patients, 87 died (27.1%). Age (p < 0.001) and percentage numbers of patients with qSOFA≥2 and SIRS≥2 (p < 0.0001) were profoundly greater in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Age, qSOFA score, SIRS score and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were independent risk factors for mortality for all patients. qSOFA score was the only common risk factor in all patients, those age ≥ 60 years and those enrolled in the intensive care unit (ICU). A risk score model containing all these risk factors (Model1) has high predictive value for in-hospital mortality in these three groups with AUCs (95% CI): 0.919 (0.883–0.946), 0.929 (0.862–0.944) and 0.815 (0.710–0.894), respectively. A model only including age and qSOFA also has high predictive value for mortality in these groups with AUCs (95% CI): 0.872 (0.830–0.906), 0.885(0.801–0.900) and 0.865 (0.767–0.932), respectively. Conclusions Risk models containing qSOFA have high predictive validity for SFTS mortality.
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Luo H, Zhao M, Tan D, Liu C, Yang L, Qiu L, Gao Y, Yu H. Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies. Chin Med 2020; 15:115. [PMID: 33133232 PMCID: PMC7592451 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has recently evolved into a global pandemic. Up to July 2020, almost every country has confirmed COVID-19 cases reported worldwide. Many leading experts have predicted that the epidemic will persist for relatively a long period of time. Thus far, there have been no remedies proven effective against the disease. As the nation where COVID-19 broke out first, China has adopted a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to fight against the disease, and has achieved significant clinical result. Up to now, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effectively controlled in China. However, the rest of the world (except for a limited number of countries and regions) is still in deep water. This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These methodologies may facilitate researchers to screen out more potential drugs for treating COVID-19 pneumonia and to tackle this global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
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Park SC, Park JY, Choi JY, Lee SG, Eo SK, Oem JK, Tark DS, You M, Yu DH, Chae JS, Kim B. Pathogenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice regulated in type I interferon signaling: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia and type I interferon. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:38. [PMID: 33102200 PMCID: PMC7579947 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic disease, which causes high fever, thrombocytopenia, and death in humans and animals in East Asian countries. The pathogenicity of SFTS virus (SFTSV) remains unclear. We intraperitoneally infected three groups of mice: wild-type (WT), mice treated with blocking anti-type I interferon (IFN)-α receptor antibody (IFNAR Ab), and IFNAR knockout (IFNAR−/−) mice, with four doses of SFTSV (KH1, 5 × 105 to 5 × 102 FAID50). The WT mice survived all SFTSV infective doses. The IFNAR Ab mice died within 7 days post-infection (dpi) with all doses of SFTSV except that the mice were infected with 5 × 102 FAID50 SFTSV. The IFNAR−/− mice died after infection with all doses of SFTSV within four dpi. No SFTSV infection caused hyperthermia in any mice, whereas all the dead mice showed hypothermia and weight loss. In the WT mice, SFTSV RNA was detected in the eyes, oral swabs, urine, and feces at 5 dpi. Similar patterns were observed in the IFNAR Ab and IFNAR−/− mice after 3 dpi, but not in feces. The IFNAR Ab mice showed viral shedding until 7 dpi. The SFTSV RNA loads were higher in organs of the IFNAR−/− mice compared to the other groups. Histopathologically, coagulation necrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and white pulp atrophy in the spleen were seen as the main lesions in the IFN signaling lacking mice. Immunohistochemically, SFTSV antigens were mainly detected in the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen in all groups of mice, but more viral antigens were observed in the spleen of the IFNAR−/− mice. Collectively, the IFN signaling-deficient mice were highly susceptible to SFTSV and more viral burden could be demonstrated in various excreta and organs of the mice when IFN signaling was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea.,Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Geun Lee
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea.,Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531 Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjo You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea.,Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531 Republic of Korea
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Suzuki T, Sato Y, Sano K, Arashiro T, Katano H, Nakajima N, Shimojima M, Kataoka M, Takahashi K, Wada Y, Morikawa S, Fukushi S, Yoshikawa T, Saijo M, Hasegawa H. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus targets B cells in lethal human infections. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:799-812. [PMID: 31904586 DOI: 10.1172/jci129171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne banyangvirus and is associated with high fatality. Despite increasing incidence of SFTS and serious public health concerns in East Asia, the pathogenesis of lethal SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in humans is not fully understood. Numbers of postmortem examinations to determine target cells of the viral infection have so far been limited. Here we showed that B cells differentiating into plasmablasts and macrophages in secondary lymphoid organs were targets for SFTSV at the end stage of lethal infection, and the majority of SFTSV-infected cells were B cell-lineage lymphocytes. In affected individuals, B cell-lineage lymphocytes with SFTSV infection were widely distributed in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, and infiltration of these cells into the capillaries of the organs could be observed occasionally. Moreover, a human plasmablastic lymphoma cell line, PBL-1, was susceptible to SFTSV propagation and had a similar immunophenotype to that of target cells of SFTSV in fatal SFTS. PBL-1 can therefore provide a potential in vitro model for human SFTSV infection. These results extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of human lethal SFTSV infection and can facilitate the development of SFTSV countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wada
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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49
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Rahman MT, Sobur MA, Islam MS, Ievy S, Hossain MJ, El Zowalaty ME, Rahman AMMT, Ashour HM. Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091405. [PMID: 32932606 PMCID: PMC7563794 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses. As time goes on, there are more emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. In this review, we reviewed the etiology of major zoonotic diseases, their impact on human health, and control measures for better management. We also highlighted COVID-19, a newly emerging zoonotic disease of likely bat origin that has affected millions of humans along with devastating global consequences. The implementation of One Health measures is highly recommended for the effective prevention and control of possible zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.A.S.); (M.S.I.); (S.I.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.R.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Md. Abdus Sobur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.A.S.); (M.S.I.); (S.I.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.A.S.); (M.S.I.); (S.I.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Samina Ievy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.A.S.); (M.S.I.); (S.I.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Md. Jannat Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.A.S.); (M.S.I.); (S.I.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.T.R.); (H.M.A.)
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50
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Nishiga M, Wang DW, Han Y, Lewis DB, Wu JC. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:543-558. [PMID: 32690910 PMCID: PMC7370876 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of individuals. Extensive studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 shares many biological features with SARS-CoV, the zoonotic virus that caused the 2002 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, including the system of cell entry, which is triggered by binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Clinical studies have also reported an association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Pre-existing cardiovascular disease seems to be linked with worse outcomes and increased risk of death in patients with COVID-19, whereas COVID-19 itself can also induce myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolism. Potential drug-disease interactions affecting patients with COVID-19 and comorbid cardiovascular diseases are also becoming a serious concern. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of COVID-19 from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, focusing on the interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. By combining our knowledge of the biological features of the virus with clinical findings, we can improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying COVID-19, paving the way towards the development of preventative and therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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