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Chang YH, Hsu MF, Chen WN, Wu MH, Kong WL, Lu MYJ, Huang CH, Chang FJ, Chang LY, Tsai HY, Tung CP, Yu JH, Kuo Y, Chou YC, Bai LY, Chang YC, Chen AY, Chen CC, Chen YH, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Lin YL, Angata T, Hsu STD, Lin KI. Functional and structural investigation of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179726. [PMID: 38775156 PMCID: PMC11141937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously evolving, hampering the effectiveness of current vaccines against COVID-19. mAbs can be used to treat patients at risk of severe COVID-19. Thus, the development of broadly protective mAbs and an understanding of the underlying protective mechanisms are of great importance. Here, we isolated mAbs from donors with breakthrough infection with Omicron subvariants using a single-B cell screening platform. We identified a mAb, O5C2, which possesses broad-spectrum neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including EG.5.1. Single-particle analysis by cryo-electron microscopy revealed that O5C2 targeted an unusually large epitope within the receptor-binding domain of spike protein that overlapped with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding interface. Furthermore, O5C2 effectively protected against BA.5 Omicron infection in vivo by mediating changes in transcriptomes enriched in genes involved in apoptosis and interferon responses. Our findings provide insights into the development of pan-protective mAbs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Nan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wye-Lup Kong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Hui Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yali Kuo
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Li-Yang Bai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- Academia Sinica Cryo-EM Center, and
| | - An-Yu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKC M) Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
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2
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Tarke A, Ramezani-Rad P, Alves Pereira Neto T, Lee Y, Silva-Moraes V, Goodwin B, Bloom N, Siddiqui L, Avalos L, Frazier A, Zhang Z, da Silva Antunes R, Dan J, Crotty S, Grifoni A, Sette A. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections enhance T cell response magnitude, breadth, and epitope repertoire. Cell Rep Med 2024:101583. [PMID: 38781962 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or SARS2) vaccine breakthrough infections (BTIs) on the magnitude and breadth of the T cell repertoire after exposure to different variants. We studied samples from individuals who experienced symptomatic BTIs during Delta or Omicron waves. In the pre-BTI samples, 30% of the donors exhibited substantial immune memory against non-S (spike) SARS2 antigens, consistent with previous undiagnosed asymptomatic SARS2 infections. Following symptomatic BTI, we observed (1) enhanced S-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in donors without previous asymptomatic infection, (2) expansion of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to non-S targets (M, N, and nsps) independent of SARS2 variant, and (3) generation of novel epitopes recognizing variant-specific mutations. These variant-specific T cell responses accounted for 9%-15% of the total epitope repertoire. Overall, BTIs boost vaccine-induced immune responses by increasing the magnitude and by broadening the repertoire of T cell antigens and epitopes recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Tarke
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Parham Ramezani-Rad
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Yeji Lee
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vanessa Silva-Moraes
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathaniel Bloom
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leila Siddiqui
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liliana Avalos
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Dan
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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3
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Wietschel KA, Fechtner K, Antileo E, Abdurrahman G, Drechsler CA, Makuvise MK, Rose R, Voß M, Krumbholz A, Michalik S, Weiss S, Ulm L, Franikowski P, Fickenscher H, Bröker BM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination - kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382911. [PMID: 38807606 PMCID: PMC11130424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Methods Measurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay. Results The antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination. Discussion Overall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian A. Wietschel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elmer Antileo
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chiara A. Drechsler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathias Voß
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Ulm
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Franikowski
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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4
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Cornejo A, Franco C, Rodriguez-Nuñez M, García A, Belisario I, Mayora S, Garzaro DJ, Zambrano JL, Jaspe RC, Hidalgo M, Parra-Giménez N, Claro FE, Liprandi F, de Waard JH, Rangel HR, Pujol FH. Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:41. [PMID: 38804309 PMCID: PMC11130906 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July 2021. The aim of this study was to explore the antibody reactivity of vaccinated individuals towards different regions of the spike protein (S). Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity was assessed using a commercial surrogate assay, detecting NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and a plaque reduction neutralization test. NAb levels were correlated with the reactivity of the antibodies to the spike regions over time. The presence of Abs against nucleoprotein was also determined to rule out the effect of exposure to the virus during the clinical trial in the serological response. A high serological reactivity was observed to S and specifically to S1 and the RBD. S2, although recognized with lower intensity by vaccinated individuals, was the subunit exhibiting the highest cross-reactivity in prepandemic sera. This study is in agreement with the high efficacy reported for the Sputnik V vaccine and shows that this vaccine is able to induce an immunity lasting for at least 180 days. The dissection of the Ab reactivity to different regions of S allowed us to identify the relevance of epitopes outside the RBD that are able to induce NAbs. This research may contribute to the understanding of vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the design of future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Christopher Franco
- Laboratorio de Virología Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.F.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Mariajose Rodriguez-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Alexis García
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Inirida Belisario
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Soriuska Mayora
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Domingo José Garzaro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - José Luis Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Virología Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.F.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Rossana Celeste Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Mariana Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Nereida Parra-Giménez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos, Centro Biofísica y Bioquímica, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Franklin Ennodio Claro
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, UCV, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela; (F.E.C.); (J.H.d.W.)
| | - Ferdinando Liprandi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Jacobus Henri de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, UCV, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela; (F.E.C.); (J.H.d.W.)
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Héctor Rafael Rangel
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Flor Helene Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
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5
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Kister I, Curtin R, Piquet AL, Borko T, Pei J, Banbury BL, Bacon TE, Kim A, Tuen M, Velmurugu Y, Nyovanie S, Selva S, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Patskovsky Y, Priest J, Cabatingan M, Winger RC, Krogsgaard M, Silverman GJ. Longitudinal study of immunity to SARS-CoV2 in ocrelizumab-treated MS patients up to 2 years after COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38713096 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To plot the trajectory of humoral and cellular immune responses to the primary (two-dose) COVID-19 mRNA series and the third/booster dose in B-cell-depleted multiple sclerosis (MS) patients up to 2 years post-vaccination; (2) to identify predictors of immune responses to vaccination; and (3) to assess the impact of intercurrent COVID-19 infections on SARS CoV-2-specific immunity. METHODS Sixty ocrelizumab-treated MS patients were enrolled from NYU (New York) and University of Colorado (Anschutz) MS Centers. Samples were collected pre-vaccination, and then 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-primary series, and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-booster. Binding anti-Spike antibody responses were assessed with multiplex bead-based immunoassay (MBI) and electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics), and neutralizing antibody responses with live-virus immunofluorescence-based microneutralization assay. Spike-specific cellular responses were assessed with IFNγ/IL-2 ELISpot (Invitrogen) and, in a subset, by sequencing complementarity determining regions (CDR)-3 within T-cell receptors (Adaptive Biotechnologies). A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare antibody and cytokine levels across time points. Multivariate analyses identified predictors of immune responses. RESULTS The primary vaccination induced an 11- to 208-fold increase in binding and neutralizing antibody levels and a 3- to 4-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2 responses, followed by a modest decline in antibody but not cytokine responses. Booster dose induced a further 3- to 5-fold increase in binding antibodies and 4- to 5-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2, which were maintained for up to 1 year. Infections had a variable impact on immunity. INTERPRETATION Humoral and cellular benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in B-cell-depleted MS patients were sustained for up to 2 years when booster doses were administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kister
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Curtin
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tyler Borko
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jinglan Pei
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tamar E Bacon
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angie Kim
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yogambigai Velmurugu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Nyovanie
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean Selva
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yury Patskovsky
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan C Winger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Younes S, Nicolai E, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Daas H, Al‐Sadeq D, Younes N, Shurrab F, Nizamuddin P, Humaira F, Al‐Dewik N, Yassine H, Abu‐Raddad L, Ismail A, Nasrallah G. Follow-Up and Comparative Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, Neutralizing, and Total Antibody Responses After BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Heterologous Booster Vaccination. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13290. [PMID: 38706402 PMCID: PMC11070770 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting is considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses comparing the immunogenicity of heterologous booster to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between homologous primary vaccination regimens and heterologous prime-boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. METHODS We matched vaccinated naïve (VN) individuals (n = 673) with partial vaccination (n = 64), primary vaccination (n = 590), and primary series plus mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (n = 19) with unvaccinated naturally infected (NI) individuals with a documented primary SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA titers. RESULTS Homologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination regimens (p < 0.05) but also showed ~3-fold less anti-S1 IgA response compared to infection-induced immunity (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, a heterologous booster led to an increase of ~12 times in the immune response when compared to two consecutive homologous ChAdOx1 immunizations. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both anti-S-RBD IgG and anti-S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci-symptomatic individuals, whereas among VN individuals, anti-S-RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization. CONCLUSION The results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity particularly in patients who received primary vaccination with ChAdOx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Younes
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Clinical BiochemistryTor Vergata University HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Clinical BiochemistryTor Vergata University HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Hanin I. Daas
- College of Dental Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Duaa W. Al‐Sadeq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | | | | | - Fathima Humaira
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Nader Al‐Dewik
- Department of Research and Translational and Precision Medicine Research Lab, Women's Wellness and Research CenterHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Laith J. Abu‐Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education CityDohaQatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education CityDohaQatar
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission DepartmentMinistry of Public HealthDohaQatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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Nakamura N, Kobashi Y, Kim KS, Park H, Tani Y, Shimazu Y, Zhao T, Nishikawa Y, Omata F, Kawashima M, Yoshida M, Abe T, Saito Y, Senoo Y, Nonaka S, Takita M, Yamamoto C, Kawamura T, Sugiyama A, Nakayama A, Kaneko Y, Jeong YD, Tatematsu D, Akao M, Sato Y, Iwanami S, Fujita Y, Wakui M, Aihara K, Kodama T, Shibuya K, Iwami S, Tsubokura M. Modeling and predicting individual variation in COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody response in the general population. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000497. [PMID: 38701055 PMCID: PMC11068210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
As we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are one of the most important tools in infectious disease control. To date, an unprecedentedly large volume of high-quality data on COVID-19 vaccinations have been accumulated. For preparedness in future pandemics beyond COVID-19, these valuable datasets should be analyzed to best shape an effective vaccination strategy. We are collecting longitudinal data from a community-based cohort in Fukushima, Japan, that consists of 2,407 individuals who underwent serum sampling two or three times after a two-dose vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Using the individually reconstructed time courses of the vaccine-elicited antibody response based on mathematical modeling, we first identified basic demographic and health information that contributed to the main features of the antibody dynamics, i.e., the peak, the duration, and the area under the curve. We showed that these three features of antibody dynamics were partially explained by underlying medical conditions, adverse reactions to vaccinations, and medications, consistent with the findings of previous studies. We then applied to these factors a recently proposed computational method to optimally fit an "antibody score", which resulted in an integer-based score that can be used as a basis for identifying individuals with higher or lower antibody titers from basic demographic and health information. The score can be easily calculated by individuals themselves or by medical practitioners. Although the sensitivity of this score is currently not very high, in the future, as more data become available, it has the potential to identify vulnerable populations and encourage them to get booster vaccinations. Our mathematical model can be extended to any kind of vaccination and therefore can form a basis for policy decisions regarding the distribution of booster vaccines to strengthen immunity in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Nakamura
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kwang Su Kim
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Science System Simulation, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeongki Park
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimazu
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumiya Omata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Abe
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Senoo
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Dam Jeong
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Daiki Tatematsu
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marwa Akao
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoya Iwanami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujita
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Soma Medical Center of Vaccination for COVID-19, Fukushima, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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8
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Najimi N, Kadi C, Elmtili N, Seghrouchni F, Bakri Y. Unravelling humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2: Insights from infection and vaccination. Hum Antibodies 2024:HAB230017. [PMID: 38758995 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Following infection and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, humoral components of the adaptive immune system play a key role in protecting the host. Specifically, B cells generate high-affinity antibodies against various antigens of the virus. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immunity initiation through both natural infection and vaccination, shedding light on the activation of B cell subsets in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The innate immune system serves as the initial line of primary and nonspecific defence against viruses. However, within several days following infection or a vaccine dose, a virus-specific immune response is initiated, primarily by B cells that produce antibodies. These antibodies contribute to the resolution of the disease. Subsequently, these B cells transition into memory B cells, which play a crucial role in providing long-term immunity against the virus. CD4+ T helper cells initiate a cascade, leading to B cell somatic hypermutation, germinal center memory B cells, and the production of neutralizing antibodies. B-cell dysfunction can worsen disease severity and reduce vaccine efficacy. Notably, individuals with B cell immunodeficiency show lower IL-6 production. Furthermore, this review delves into several aspects of immune responses, such as hybrid immunity, which has shown promise in boosting broad-spectrum protection. Cross-reactive immunity is under scrutiny as well, as pre-existing antibodies can offer protection against the disease. We also decipher breakthrough infection mechanisms, especially with the novel variants of the virus. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic solutions regarding B cells including convalescent plasma therapy, B-1 cells, B regulatory cell (Breg) modulation, and the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in combating the infection. Ongoing research is crucial to grasp population immunity trends and assess the potential need for booster doses in maintaining effective immune responses against potential viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhaila Najimi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chaimae Kadi
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Elmtili
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco, and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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9
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Yoon M, Choi Y, Wi T, Choi YS, Choi J. The role of cGAMP via the STING pathway in modulating germinal center responses and CD4 T cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340001. [PMID: 38680492 PMCID: PMC11045936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) responses are essential for establishing protective, long-lasting immunity through the differentiation of GC B cells (BGC) and plasma cells (BPC), along with the generation of antigen-specific antibodies. Among the various pathways influencing immune responses, the STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway has emerged as significant, especially in innate immunity, and extends its influence to adaptive responses. In this study, we examined how the STING ligand cGAMP can modulate these key elements of the adaptive immune response, particularly in enhancing GC reactions and the differentiation of BGC, BPC, and follicular helper T cells (TFH). Employing in vivo models, we evaluated various antigens and the administration of cGAMP in Alum adjuvant, investigating the differentiation of BGC, BPC, and TFH cells, along with the production of antigen-specific antibodies. cGAMP enhances the differentiation of BGC and BPC, leading to increased antigen-specific antibody production. This effect is shown to be type I Interferon-dependent, with a substantial reduction in BPC frequency upon interferon (IFN)-β blockade. Additionally, cGAMP's influence on TFH differentiation varies over time, which may be critical for refining vaccine strategies. The findings elucidate a complex, antigen-specific influence of cGAMP on T and B cell responses, providing insights that could optimize vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeuk Wi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Chen H, Wang L, Zhao X, Jiang H, Wu M, Ding Y, Jia X, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Zheng P, Yang Y, Du J. A Polymer-Based Antigen Carrier Activates Two Innate Immune Pathways for Adjuvant-Free Subunit Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9160-9175. [PMID: 38478910 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The activation of multiple Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) has been demonstrated to trigger inflammatory responses and coordinate the host's adaptive immunity during pathogen infections. The use of PRR agonists as vaccine adjuvants has been reported to synergistically induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, incorporating multiple PRR agonists as adjuvants increases the complexity of vaccine design and manufacturing. In this study, we discovered a polymer that can activate both the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The polymer was then conjugated to protein antigens, creating an antigen delivery system for subunit vaccines. Without additional adjuvants, the antigen-polymer conjugates elicited strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, the antigen-polymer conjugates, containing the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein or the Monkeypox Antigen M1R as the antigens, were found to induce potent antigen-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and cytotoxic T cells. Immunization with M1R-polymer also resulted in effective protection in a lethal challenge model. In conclusion, this vaccine delivery platform offers an effective, safe, and simple strategy for inducing antigen-specific immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Haolin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute Biological Sciences (PTN) Joint Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchao Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangqian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peiyuan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Golding L, Watts AW, Shew J, Viñeta Paramo M, Mâsse LC, Goldfarb DM, Abu-Raya B, Lavoie PM. A Novel Anti-nucleocapsid Antibody Avidity Method for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae072. [PMID: 38442331 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections is challenging with current serology assays and is further complicated by the marked decrease in routine viral testing practices as viral transmission increased during Omicron. Here, we provide proof-of-principle that high-avidity anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies detects reinfections after a single infection with higher specificity (85%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 80%-90%) compared to anti-N antibody levels (72%; 95% CI, 66%-79%) in a vaccinated cohort. This method could be used to retroactively investigate the epidemiology and incremental long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Golding
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison W Watts
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacob Shew
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marina Viñeta Paramo
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Zha G, Chen Z, Wu N, Huang T, Deng Z, Cai D, Peng M, Hu P, Ren H. Clinical characteristics and immunogenicity after Omicron breakthrough infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A longitudinal observational study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29548. [PMID: 38511555 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The clinical and immunological features after breakthrough infection (BTI) during Omicron wave in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) are still unclear. A total of 101 patients with CHB from our previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination cohort (NCT05007665), were continued to be followed up at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University after BTI, while an additional 39 healthcare workers after BTI were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). Clinical data were collected using questionnaire survey and electronic medical record. Blood samples were used to determine the antibody responses, as well as B and T cell responses. After BTI, the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were mild to moderate in patients with CHB, with a median duration of 5 days. Compared with HCs, patients with CHB were more susceptible to develop moderate COVID-19. The liver function was not significantly damaged, and HBV-DNA was not activated in patients with CHB after BTI. Patients with CHB could elicit robust antibody responses after BTI (NAbs 13.0-fold, BA.5 IgG: 24.2-fold, respectively), which was also significantly higher than that in every period after vaccination (all p < 0.001), and compared to that in HCs after BTI. The CD4+, cTfh, and CD8+ T cell responses were also augmented in patients with CHB after BTI, while exhibiting comparability to those observed in HCs. In patients with CHB after BTI, the immune imprint was observed in B cell responses, rather than in T cell responses. In conclusion, Omicron breakthrough infection induced mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms in patients with CHB, without exacerbating the progress of liver diseases. Meanwhile, BTI demonstrated the ability to induce robust antibody and T cell responses in patients with CHB, which was comparable to those observed in HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Miyamoto S, Suzuki T. Infection-mediated immune response in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for next-generation COVID-19 vaccine development. Vaccine 2024; 42:1401-1406. [PMID: 38310015 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Post-vaccination infections, termed breakthrough infections, occur after the virus infection overcomes the vaccine-induced immune barrier. During the early stages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron wave, high serum-neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron variant were detected in individuals with breakthrough infections as well as those who received a third vaccine dose (i.e., booster recipients). Additionally, these cases indicated that Omicron antigens triggered an immune response that differed from that triggered by the vaccine strain before analysis of the effectiveness of new vaccines updated for the Omicron variants. Moreover, the magnitude and breadth of neutralizing antibody titers induced by breakthrough infections are correlated with the upper respiratory viral load at diagnosis and the duration between vaccination and infection, respectively. Unlike booster vaccine recipients, patients with breakthrough infections have varying durations between vaccination and infection. Accordingly, optimal booster vaccination intervals may be estimated based on the cross-neutralizing antibody response induced over time. Examination of breakthrough infection cases has provided valuable insights that could not be yielded by only examining vaccinated individuals alone. These insights include estimates of vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the various factors related to the clinical status. This review describes the immune response elicited by breakthrough infections; specifically, it discusses factors that affect the magnitude and breadth of serum antibody titers as well as the appropriate booster vaccination strategy. This review provides key aspects that could contribute to developing next-generation COVID-19 vaccines through breakthrough infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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14
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Teng S, Hu Y, Wang Y, Tang Y, Wu Q, Zheng X, Lu R, Pan D, Liu F, Xie T, Wu C, Li YP, Liu W, Qu X. SARS-CoV-2 spike-reactive naïve B cells and pre-existing memory B cells contribute to antibody responses in unexposed individuals after vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355949. [PMID: 38420128 PMCID: PMC10899457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since December 2019, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented considerable public health challenges. Multiple vaccines have been used to induce neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and memory B-cell responses against the viral spike (S) glycoprotein, and many essential epitopes have been defined. Previous reports have identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-reactive naïve B cells and preexisting memory B cells in unexposed individuals. However, the role of these spike-reactive B cells in vaccine-induced immunity remains unknown. Methods To elucidate the characteristics of preexisting SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive B cells as well as their maturation after antigen encounter, we assessed the relationship of spike-reactive B cells before and after vaccination in unexposed human individuals. We further characterized the sequence identity, targeting domain, broad-spectrum binding activity and neutralizing activity of these SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive B cells by isolating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from these B cells. Results The frequencies of both spike-reactive naïve B cells and preexisting memory B cells before vaccination correlated with the frequencies of spike-reactive memory B cells after vaccination. Isolated mAbs from spike-reactive naïve B cells before vaccination had fewer somatic hypermutations (SHMs) than mAbs isolated from spike-reactive memory B cells before and after vaccination, but bound SARS-CoV-2 spike in vitro. Intriguingly, these germline-like mAbs possessed broad binding profiles for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, although with low or no neutralizing capacity. According to tracking of the evolution of IGHV4-4/IGKV3-20 lineage antibodies from a single donor, the lineage underwent SHMs and developed increased binding activity after vaccination. Discussion Our findings suggest that spike-reactive naïve B cells can be expanded and matured by vaccination and cocontribute to vaccine-elicited antibody responses with preexisting memory B cells. Selectively and precisely targeting spike-reactive B cells by rational antigen design may provide a novel strategy for next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Teng
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yinggen Tang
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fen Liu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Xie
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Chanfeng Wu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- School of Public Health & School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical School & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Huang X, Tan X, Xie X, Jiang T, Xiao Y, Liu Z. Successful salvage of a severe COVID-19 patient previously with lung cancer and radiation pneumonitis by mesenchymal stem cells: a case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321236. [PMID: 38380312 PMCID: PMC10876893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly patients with underlying condition, such as tumors, had poor prognoses after progressing to severe pneumonia and often had poor response to standard treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a promising treatment for patients with severe pneumonia, but MSCs are rarely used for patients with carcinoma. Here, we reported a 67-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent osimertinib and radiotherapy and suffered from radiation pneumonitis. Unfortunately, she contracted COVID-19 and that rapidly progressed to severe pneumonia. She responded poorly to frontline treatment and was in danger. Subsequently, she received a salvage treatment with four doses of MSCs, and her symptoms surprisingly improved quickly. After a lung CT scan that presented with a significantly improved infection, she was discharged eventually. Her primary disease was stable after 6 months of follow-up, and no tumor recurrence or progression was observed. MSCs may be an effective treatment for hyperactive inflammation due to their ability related to immunomodulation and tissue repair. Our case suggests a potential value of MSCs for severe pneumonia that is unresponsive to conventional therapy after a COVID-19 infection. However, unless the situation is urgent, it needs to be considered with caution for patients with tumors. The safety in tumor patients still needs to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Theater General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingshu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zenghui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Huang Y, Guo L, Li Y, Ren L, Nie J, Xu F, Huang T, Zhong J, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Mei S, Xiao Y, Wang X, Xu L, Guo F, Wang J. Residual Immunity from Smallpox Vaccination and Possible Protection from Mpox, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:321-324. [PMID: 38270156 PMCID: PMC10826747 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Among persons born in China before 1980 and tested for vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVT), 28.7% (137/478) had neutralizing antibodies, 71.4% (25/35) had memory B-cell responses, and 65.7% (23/35) had memory T-cell responses to VVT. Because of cross-immunity between the viruses, these findings can help guide mpox vaccination strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tingxuan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Zhangling Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yu Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Qiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Yan Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Xinming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
| | - Liuhui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Y. Huang, L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, F. Xu, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Z. Fan, Y. Zhang, Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, S. Mei, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, F. Guo, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, J. Wang)
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y. Huang, F. Xu, Z. Fan, Y. Xie, S. Mei, F. Guo)
- Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, Y. Li, L. Ren, J. Nie, T. Huang, J. Zhong, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, X. Wang, L. Xu, J. Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (L. Guo, L. Ren, F. Guo)
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Beijing (J. Wang)
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17
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Höft MA, Burgers WA, Riou C. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:184-196. [PMID: 37821620 PMCID: PMC10806256 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well-controlled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals, people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH. This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination. People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in areas with a high HIV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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18
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Li R, Chang Z, Liu H, Wang Y, Li M, Chen Y, Fan L, Wang S, Sun X, Liu S, Cheng A, Ding P, Zhang G. Double-layered N-S1 protein nanoparticle immunization elicits robust cellular immune and broad antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:44. [PMID: 38291444 PMCID: PMC10825999 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a persistent global threat to public health. As for the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to develop vaccines that can induce broader immune responses, particularly vaccines with weak cellular immunity. METHODS In this study, we generated a double-layered N-S1 protein nanoparticle (N-S1 PNp) that was formed by desolvating N protein into a protein nanoparticle as the core and crosslinking S1 protein onto the core surface against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Vaccination with N-S1 PNp elicited robust humoral and vigorous cellular immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Compared to soluble protein groups, the N-S1 PNp induced a higher level of humoral response, as evidenced by the ability of S1-specific antibodies to block hACE2 receptor binding and neutralize pseudovirus. Critically, N-S1 PNp induced Th1-biased, long-lasting, and cross-neutralizing antibodies, which neutralized the variants of SARS-CoV-2 with minimal loss of activity. N-S1 PNp induced strong responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mDCs, Tfh cells, and GCs B cells in spleens. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that N-S1 PNp vaccination is a practical approach for promoting protection, which has the potential to counteract the waning immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and confer broad efficacy against future new variants. This study provides a new idea for the design of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the B and T cells response coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences , Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zejie Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilan Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences , Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China.
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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19
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Mu DP, Scharer CD, Kaminski NE, Zhang Q. A Multiscale Spatial Modeling Framework for the Germinal Center Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577491. [PMID: 38501122 PMCID: PMC10945589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The germinal center response or reaction (GCR) is a hallmark event of adaptive humoral immunity. Unfolding in the B cell follicles of the secondary lymph organs, a GC culminates in the production of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells along with memory B cells. By interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, GC B cells exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Driving the B cell dynamics are the intracellular signal transduction and gene regulatory network that responds to cell surface signaling molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. As our knowledge of the GC continues to expand in depth and in scope, mathematical modeling has become an important tool to help disentangle the intricacy of the GCR and inform novel mechanistic and clinical insights. While the GC has been modeled at different granularities, a multiscale spatial simulation framework - integrating molecular, cellular, and tissue-level responses - is still rare. Here, we report our recent progress toward this end with a hybrid stochastic GC framework developed on the Cellular Potts Model-based CompuCell3D platform. Tellurium is used to simulate the B cell intracellular molecular network comprising NF-κB, FOXO1, MYC, AP4, CXCR4, and BLIMP1 that responds to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40-mediated signaling. The molecular outputs of the network drive the spatiotemporal behaviors of B cells, including cyclic migration between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) via chemotaxis; clonal proliferative bursts, somatic hypermutation, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis in the DZ; and positive selection, apoptosis via a death timer, and emergence of plasma cells in the LZ. Our simulations are able to recapitulate key molecular, cellular, and morphological GC events including B cell population growth, affinity maturation, and clonal dominance. This novel modeling framework provides an open-source, customizable, and multiscale virtual GC simulation platform that enables qualitative and quantitative in silico investigations of a range of mechanic and applied research questions in future.
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Scherlinger M, Li H, Pan W, Li W, Karino K, Vichos T, Boulougoura A, Yoshida N, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. CaMK4 controls follicular helper T cell expansion and function during normal and autoimmune T-dependent B cell responses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:840. [PMID: 38287012 PMCID: PMC10825135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated B cell compartment responsible for the production of autoantibodies. Here, we show that T cell-specific expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) leads to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expansion in models of T-dependent immunization and autoimmunity. Mechanistically, CaMK4 controls the Tfh-specific transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) at the transcriptional level through the cAMP responsive element modulator α (CREMα). In the absence of CaMK4 in T cells, germinal center formation and humoral immunity is impaired in immunized mice, resulting in reduced anti-dsDNA titres, as well as IgG and complement kidney deposition in the lupus-prone B6.lpr mouse. In human Tfh cells, CaMK4 inhibition reduced BCL6 expression and IL-21 secretion ex vivo, resulting in impaired plasmablast formation and IgG production. In patients with SLE, CAMK4 mRNA levels in Tfh cells correlated with those of BCL6. In conclusion, we identify CaMK4/CREMα as a driver of T cell-dependent B cell dysregulation in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Rheumatology department, Strasbourg University Hospital of Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Karino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodoros Vichos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cervantes-Torres J, Cabello-Gutiérrez C, Ayón-Núñez DA, Soldevila G, Olguin-Alor R, Diaz G, Acero G, Segura-Velázquez R, Huerta L, Gracia-Mora I, Cobos L, Pérez-Tapia M, Almagro JC, Suárez-Güemes F, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Laclette JP. Caveats of chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccines to boost anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:179. [PMID: 38280035 PMCID: PMC10821985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines use adenovirus vectors to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Immunization with these vaccines promotes immunity against the S protein, but against also the adenovirus itself. This could interfere with the entry of the vaccine into the cell, reducing its efficacy. Herein, we evaluate the efficiency of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine (chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus, AZD1222) in boosting the specific immunity compared to that induced by a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based vaccine without viral vector. Mice immunized with the AZD1222 human vaccine were given a booster 6 months later, with either the homologous vaccine or a recombinant vaccine based on RBD of the delta variant, which was prevalent at the start of this study. A significant increase in anti-RBD antibody levels was observed in rRBD-boosted mice (31-61%) compared to those receiving two doses of AZD1222 (0%). Significantly higher rates of PepMix™- or RBD-elicited proliferation were also observed in IFNγ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells from mice boosted with one or two doses of RBD, respectively. The lower efficiency of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine in boosting specific immunity could be the result of a pre-existing anti-vector immunity, induced by increased levels of anti-adenovirus antibodies found both in mice and humans. Taken together, these results point to the importance of avoiding the recurrent use of the same adenovirus vector in individuals with immunity and memory against them. It also illustrates the disadvantages of ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine with respect to recombinant protein vaccines, which can be used without restriction in vaccine-booster programs. KEY POINTS: • ChAdOx1 adenovirus vaccine (AZD1222) may not be effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity • A recombinant RBD protein vaccine is effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in mice • Antibodies elicited by the rRBD-delta vaccine persisted for up to 3 months in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Dolores-Adriana Ayón-Núñez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Georgina Diaz
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Acero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velázquez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Unidad de Experimentación Preclínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cobos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Almagro
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Li X, Zeng F, Yue R, Ma D, Meng Z, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liao Y, Liao Y, Jiang G, Zhao H, Yu L, Li D, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li Q. Heterologous Booster Immunization Based on Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Enhances Humoral Immunity and Promotes BCR Repertoire Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:120. [PMID: 38400104 PMCID: PMC10891849 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that sequentially administering SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can result in increased antibody and cellular immune responses. In this study, we compared homologous and heterologous immunization strategies following two doses of inactivated vaccines in a mouse model. Our research demonstrates that heterologous sequential immunization resulted in more immune responses displayed in the lymph node germinal center, which induced a greater number of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), resulting in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses and increased cross-protection against five variant strains. In further single B-cell analysis, the above findings were supported by the presence of unique B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires and diversity in CDR3 sequence profiles elicited by a heterologous booster immunization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Longding Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China (Y.Z.)
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24
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Abraham A, Samaniego-Castruita D, Paladino J, Han I, Ramesh P, Tran MT, Southern RM, Shukla A, Shukla V. Arid1a-dependent canonical BAF complex suppresses inflammatory programs to drive efficient Germinal Center B cell responses. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3871185. [PMID: 38313292 PMCID: PMC10836118 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3871185/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Differentiating B cells in germinal centers (GC) require tightly coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic transitions to generate efficient humoral immune responses. The mammalian Brg1/Brm-associated factor (BAF) complexes are major regulators of nucleosomal remodeling, crucial for cellular differentiation and development, and are commonly mutated in several cancers, including GC-derived B cell lymphomas. However, the specific roles of distinct BAF complexes in GC B cell biology and generation of functional humoral immune responses are not well understood. Here, we show that the A-T Rich Interaction Domain 1a (Arid1a) containing canonical BAF (cBAF) complex is required for maintenance of GCs and therefore high affinity antibody responses. While Arid1a-deficient B cells undergo activation to initiate GC responses, they fail to sustain the GC program resulting in premature GC collapse. We discovered that Arid1a-dependent cBAF activity establishes permissive chromatin landscapes during B cell activation and is concomitantly required to suppress inflammatory gene programs to maintain transcriptional fidelity in early GC B cells. Interestingly, the inflammatory signatures instigated by Arid1a deficiency in early GC B cells recruited neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and eventually disrupted GC homeostasis. Dampening of inflammatory cues with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid receptor signaling rescued GC B cell differentiation of Arid1a-deficient B cells, thus highlighting a critical role of inflammation in impeding GC responses. In sum, our work identifies essential functions of Arid1a-dependent BAF activity in promoting efficient GC responses. These findings further support an emerging paradigm in which unrestrained inflammation limits GC-derived humoral responses, as reported in the context of severe bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Abraham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | | | - Jillian Paladino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Isabella Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Prathyaya Ramesh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Mi Thao Tran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Rebecca M Southern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Ashima Shukla
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
| | - Vipul Shukla
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60611
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25
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Fröberg J, Koomen VJCH, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Philipsen R, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, Baas MC, van der Molen RG, de Jonge MI, Hilbrands LB, Huynen MA, Diavatopoulos DA. Primary Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 via Infection or Vaccination Determines Mucosal Antibody-Dependent ACE2 Binding Inhibition. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:137-146. [PMID: 37675756 PMCID: PMC10786246 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal antibodies play a critical role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections or reinfections by blocking the interaction of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the cell surface. In this study, we investigated the difference between the mucosal antibody response after primary infection and vaccination. METHODS We assessed longitudinal changes in the quantity and capacity of nasal antibodies to neutralize the interaction of RBD with the ACE2 receptor using the spike protein and RBD from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1), as well as the RBD from the Delta and Omicron variants. RESULTS Significantly higher mucosal IgA concentrations were detected postinfection vs postvaccination, while vaccination induced higher IgG concentrations. However, ACE2-inhibiting activity did not differ between the cohorts. Regarding whether IgA or IgG drove ACE2 inhibition, infection-induced binding inhibition was driven by both isotypes, while postvaccination binding inhibition was mainly driven by IgG. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the relationship between antibody isotypes and neutralization by using a sensitive and high-throughput ACE2 binding inhibition assay. Key differences are highlighted between vaccination and infection at the mucosal level, showing that despite differences in the response quantity, postinfection and postvaccination ACE2 binding inhibition capacity did not differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeri Fröberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Vera J C H Koomen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | | | - Ria Philipsen
- Radboud Technology Center Clinical Studies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Marije C Baas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
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26
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Hu T, Allam M, Kaushik V, Goudy SL, Xu Q, Mudd P, Manthiram K, Coskun AF. Spatial Morphoproteomic Features Predict Uniqueness of Immune Microarchitectures and Responses in Lymphoid Follicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574186. [PMID: 38260388 PMCID: PMC10802312 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Multiplex imaging technologies allow the characterization of single cells in their cellular environments. Understanding the organization of single cells within their microenvironment and quantifying disease-status related biomarkers is essential for multiplex datasets. Here we proposed SNOWFLAKE, a graph neural network framework pipeline for the prediction of disease-status from combined multiplex cell expression and morphology in human B-cell follicles. We applied SNOWFLAKE to a multiplex dataset related to COVID-19 infection in humans and showed better predictive power of the SNOWFLAKE pipeline compared to other machine learning and deep learning methods. Moreover, we combined morphological features inside graph edge features to utilize attribution methods for extracting disease-relevant motifs from single-cell spatial graphs. The underlying subgraphs were further analyzed and associated with disease status across the dataset. We showed that SNOWFLAKE successfully extracted significant low dimensional embedding from subgraphs with a clear separation between disease status and helped characterize unique cellular interactions in the subgraphs. SNOWFLAKE is a generalizable pipeline for the analysis of multiplex imaging data modality by extracting disease-relevant subgraphs guided by graph-level prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mayar Allam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vikram Kaushik
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven L. Goudy
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Qin Xu
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela Mudd
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA, Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kalpana Manthiram
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmet F. Coskun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
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27
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Gabdoulkhakova AG, Mingaleeva RN, Romozanova AM, Sagdeeva AR, Filina YV, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:65-83. [PMID: 38467546 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
According to the data from the World Health Organization, about 800 million of the world population had contracted coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 by mid-2023. Properties of this virus have allowed it to circulate in the human population for a long time, evolving defense mechanisms against the host immune system. Severity of the disease depends largely on the degree of activation of the systemic immune response, including overstimulation of macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, and triggering of adaptive T- and B-cell responses, while SARS-CoV-2 evades the immune system actions. In this review, we discuss immune responses triggered in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into the cell and malfunctions of the immune system that lead to the development of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida G Gabdoulkhakova
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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28
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Hulst M, Kant A, Harders-Westerveen J, Hoffmann M, Xie Y, Laheij C, Murk JL, Van der Poel WHM. Cross-Reactivity of Human, Wild Boar, and Farm Animal Sera from Pre- and Post-Pandemic Periods with Alpha- and Βeta-Coronaviruses (CoV), including SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38257734 PMCID: PMC10821012 DOI: 10.3390/v16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Panels of pre- and post-pandemic farm animals, wild boar and human sera, including human sera able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, were tested in serological tests to determine their cross-reactivity with β- and α-CoV originating from farm animals. Sera were tested in neutralization assays with high ascending concentrations (up to 1 × 104 TCID50 units/well) of β-CoV Bovine coronavirus (BCV), SARS-CoV-2, and porcine α-CoV-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In addition, sera were tested for immunostaining of cells infected with β-CoV porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHEV). Testing revealed a significantly higher percentage of BCV neutralization (78%) for sera of humans that had experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera) than was observed for human pre-pandemic sera (37%). Also, 46% of these human SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera neutralized the highest concentration of BCV (5 × 103 TCID50/well) tested, whereas only 9.6% of the pre-pandemic sera did. Largely similar percentages were observed for staining of PHEV-infected cells by these panels of human sera. Furthermore, post-pandemic sera collected from wild boars living near a densely populated area in The Netherlands also showed a higher percentage (43%) and stronger BCV neutralization than was observed for pre-pandemic sera from this area (21%) and for pre- (28%) and post-pandemic (20%) sera collected from wild boars living in a nature reserve park with limited access for the public. High percentages of BCV neutralization were observed for pre- and post-pandemic sera of cows (100%), pigs (up to 45%), sheep (36%) and rabbits (60%). However, this cross-neutralization was restricted to sera collected from specific herds or farms. TGEV was neutralized only by sera of pigs (68%) and a few wild boar sera (4.6%). None of the BCV and PHEV cross-reacting human pre-pandemic, wild boar and farm animal sera effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Preexisting antibodies in human sera effectively neutralized the animal β-CoV BCV in vitro. This cross-neutralization was boosted after humans had experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 activated a "memory" antibody response against structurally related epitopes expressed on the surface of a broad range of heterologous CoV, including β-CoV isolated from farm animals. Further research is needed to elucidate if a symptomless infection or environmental exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or another β-CoV also triggers such a "memory" antibody response in wild boars and other free-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hulst
- Department Virology & Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands (J.H.-W.)
| | - Arie Kant
- Department Virology & Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands (J.H.-W.)
| | - José Harders-Westerveen
- Department Virology & Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands (J.H.-W.)
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center—Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yajing Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | | | - Jean-Luc Murk
- Microvida, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands;
| | - Wim H. M. Van der Poel
- Department Virology & Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands (J.H.-W.)
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29
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Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Malkova A, Mammedova J, Isakov D, Isakova-Sivak I, Kudlay D, Starshinova A. Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271198. [PMID: 38179278 PMCID: PMC10765615 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are a large number of reports about the development of autoimmune conditions after COVID-19. Also, there have been cases of sarcoid-like granulomas in convalescents as a part of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Since one of the etiological theories of sarcoidosis considers it to be an autoimmune disease, we decided to study changes in the adaptive humoral immune response in sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to find out whether COVID-19 can provoke the development of sarcoidosis. This review discusses histological changes in lymphoid organs in sarcoidosis and COVID-19, changes in B cell subpopulations, T-follicular helper cells (Tfh), and T-follicular regulatory cells (Tfr), and analyzes various autoantibodies detected in these pathologies. Based on the data studied, we concluded that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause the development of autoimmune pathologies, in particular contributing to the onset of sarcoidosis in convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Rubinstein
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Annа Malkova
- Ariel University Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Dmitry Isakov
- First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Guo M, Cao M, Sun J, Chen Z, Wang X, Dai L, Gao GF, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen C. Durable and enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by manganese nanoadjuvant formulated subunit vaccine. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:462. [PMID: 38104162 PMCID: PMC10725496 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
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31
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Ivanova EN, Shwetar J, Devlin JC, Buus TB, Gray-Gaillard S, Koide A, Cornelius A, Samanovic MI, Herrera A, Mimitou EP, Zhang C, Karmacharya T, Desvignes L, Ødum N, Smibert P, Ulrich RJ, Mulligan MJ, Koide S, Ruggles KV, Herati RS, Koralov SB. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the acute inflammation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2023; 26:108572. [PMID: 38213787 PMCID: PMC10783604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis of blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster. We profiled immune responses via transcriptional analysis and lymphocyte repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. B and T cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal expansion among effector cells in COVID-19 patients and memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, expansion of clonal γδ T cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables side-by-side comparison of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Our comparative analysis shows that vaccination induces a robust, durable clonal B and T cell responses, without the severe inflammation associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Shwetar
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C. Devlin
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Gray-Gaillard
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amber Cornelius
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Chenzhen Zhang
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- High Containment Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Robert J. Ulrich
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V. Ruggles
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramin S. Herati
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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32
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Engblom C, Thrane K, Lin Q, Andersson A, Toosi H, Chen X, Steiner E, Lu C, Mantovani G, Hagemann-Jensen M, Saarenpää S, Jangard M, Saez-Rodriguez J, Michaëlsson J, Hartman J, Lagergren J, Mold JE, Lundeberg J, Frisén J. Spatial transcriptomics of B cell and T cell receptors reveals lymphocyte clonal dynamics. Science 2023; 382:eadf8486. [PMID: 38060664 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of lymphocyte clones within tissues is critical to their development, selection, and expansion. We have developed spatial transcriptomics of variable, diversity, and joining (VDJ) sequences (Spatial VDJ), a method that maps B cell and T cell receptor sequences in human tissue sections. Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte clones that match canonical B and T cell distributions and amplifies clonal sequences confirmed by orthogonal methods. We found spatial congruency between paired receptor chains, developed a computational framework to predict receptor pairs, and linked the expansion of distinct B cell clones to different tumor-associated gene expression programs. Spatial VDJ delineates B cell clonal diversity and lineage trajectories within their anatomical niche. Thus, Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte spatial clonal architecture across tissues, providing a platform to harness clonal sequences for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Thrane
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qirong Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Andersson
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hosein Toosi
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Embla Steiner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang Lu
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mantovani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sami Saarenpää
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jangard
- ENT Unit, Sophiahemmet University Research Laboratory and Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Lagergren
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Bingula R, Chabrolles H, Bonnet B, Archimbaud C, Brebion A, Cosme J, Ollier A, Dutheil F, Junda M, Mirand A, Regagnon C, Vidal M, Henquell C, Evrard B. Increase over time of antibody levels 3 months after a booster dose as an indication of better protection against Omicron infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2184176. [PMID: 36848040 PMCID: PMC10013501 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2184176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The third, "booster", vaccination increases the overall immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, after the initial peak at around 3 weeks post-vaccination, anti-spike antibody levels decline. Post-booster kinetics of cellular response has been less investigated and there is no documented evidence of a true boosting effect. Furthermore, multiple studies underline the less effective immune responses against Omicron, the latest variant of concern, at both humoral and cellular levels. In this letter, we analyse humoral (anti-RBD IgG levels) and cellular (IFN-γ release assay) immune response in 205 health care workers 3 weeks and 3 months after administration of an mRNA-based booster dose, either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2. Since all subjects were SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve, we also looked at the incidence of Omicron infection between 3 and 6 months post-booster.At both timepoints, 3x mRNA-1273 vaccination had the highest overall antibody and IFN-γ levels, followed by 3x BNT162b2 vaccination and heterologous mRNA-based regimens. Heterologous ChAdOx1-mRNA-based regimen had the lowest antibody levels while cellular response equal to that of 3x BNT162b2 vaccination and heterologous mRNA-based regimens. Our results show that both humoral and cellular responses waned at 3 months for all vaccination regimens. However, we identified three trajectories of dosage variation. Interestingly, the subgroup of subjects with increasing anti-RBD IgG levels over time had a lower incidence of Omicron infection. Whether increasing humoral response at 3 months post-booster is more indicative of protection than a high initial peak remains to be confirmed in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Bingula
- UMR UNH, ECREIN, Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Chabrolles
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benjamin Bonnet
- UMR UNH, ECREIN, Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Archimbaud
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amélie Brebion
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Justine Cosme
- Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Ollier
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand) 3 IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Junda
- Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Mirand
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christel Regagnon
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Magali Vidal
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Henquell
- Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont-Ferrand), 3IHP, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6023, LMGE, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- UMR UNH, ECREIN, Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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34
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Guo L, Zhang Q, Zhong J, Chen L, Jiang W, Huang T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wang X, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Dong X, Dong T, Peng Y, Zhang B, Xie Y, Gao H, Shen Z, Ren L, Cheng T, Wang J. Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infections in inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients induced distinct pattern of antibody and T cell responses to different Omicron sublineages. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2202263. [PMID: 37037791 PMCID: PMC10155635 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and Omicron sublineages induced by BA.1 breakthrough infection in vaccinees of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have not been well characterized. Here, we report that BA.1 breakthrough infection induced mucosal sIgA and resulted in higher IgG titers against prototype strain and Omicron sublineages in vaccinees than in vaccine naïve-infected individuals. BA.1 breakthrough infection boosted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis to prototype strain and BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.2.75 but not BA.4/5 and induced neutralization against prototype strain and BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, and BA.4/5 but not BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB. In total, BA.1 breakthrough infection individuals produced less extensive sIgA, plasma IgG and NAb responses against Omicron sublineages compared with those against prototype strain. Further, BA.1 breakthrough infection induced recall B cell response to prototype strain and Omicron variant, primarily targeting memory B cells producing conserved epitopes. Memory T cell responses against Omicron is largely preserved. Individuals with vaccine booster did not induce more beneficial immune responses to Omicron sublineages upon BA.1 breakthrough infection than those with primary vaccine dose only. The breakthrough infection individuals produced stronger adaptive immunity than those of inactivated vaccine-healthy individuals. These data have important implications for understanding the vaccine effectiveness and adaptive immunity to breakthrough infection in individuals fully immunized with inactivated vaccines. Omicron sublineages, especially for those emerged after BA.4/5 strain, evade NAb responses induced by BA.1 breakthrough infection. It is urgent to optimize the vaccine immunogen design and formulations to SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Biao Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund KP, Chopra A, Tietze L, de Matos Kasahara T, Goll GL, Grødeland G, Kaarbø M, Reisæter AV, Hovd M, Heldal K, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K, Åsberg A, Munthe LA. Hybrid and SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunity in kidney transplant recipients. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104833. [PMID: 37844534 PMCID: PMC10585642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and have demonstrated poor response to vaccination, making it unclear whether successive vaccinations offer immunity and protection. METHODS We conducted a serologically guided interventional study where KTR patients that failed to seroconvert were revaccinated and also monitored seroconversion of KTR following the Norwegian vaccination program. We analysed IgG anti-RBD Spike responses from dose 2 (n = 432) up to after the 6th (n = 37) mRNA vaccine dose. The frequency and phenotype of Spike-specific T and B cell responses were assessed in the interventional cohort after 3-4 vaccine doses (n = 30). Additionally, we evaluated the Specific T and B cell response to breakthrough infection (n = 32), measured inflammatory cytokines and broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies, and defined the incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. The Norwegian KTR cohort has a male dominance (2323 males, 1297 females), PBMC were collected from 114 male and 78 female donors. FINDINGS After vaccine dose 3, most KTR developed Spike-specific T cell responses but had significantly reduced Spike-binding B cells and few memory cells. The B cell response included a cross-reactive subset that could bind Omicron VOC, which expanded after breakthrough infection (BTI) and gave rise to a memory IgG+ B cell response. After BTI, KTR had increased Spike-specific T cells, emergent non-Spike T and B cell responses, and a systemic inflammatory signature. Late seroconversion occurred after doses 5-6, but 38% (14/37) of KTR had no detectable immunity even after multiple vaccine doses. INTERPRETATION Boosting vaccination can induce Spike-specific immunity that may expand in breakthrough infections highlighting the benefit of vaccination to protect this vulnerable population. FUNDING CEPI and internal funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Varberg Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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36
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Huang CQ, Vishwanath S, Carnell GW, Chan ACY, Heeney JL. Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1971-1985. [PMID: 37932355 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill over between animals and humans. Despite repeated booster immunizations, population-wide declines in the neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have occurred. This has been compared to seasonal influenza vaccinations in humans, where the breadth of immune responses induced by repeat exposures to antigenically distinct influenza viruses is confounded by pre-existing immunity-a mechanism known as imprinting. Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved in a population with partial immunity, acquired by infection, vaccination or both. Here we critically examine the evidence for and against immune imprinting in host humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccine programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Qingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sneha Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George William Carnell
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Chun Yue Chan
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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37
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Chen Y, Hu C, Wang Z, Su J, Wang S, Li B, Liu X, Yuan Z, Li D, Wang H, Zhu B, Shao Y. Immunity Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Breadth, Durability, Potency, and Specificity in a Healthcare Worker Cohort. Pathogens 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37887770 PMCID: PMC10610065 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has proven to be highly effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the long-term immunogenicity and the functional preserved immune responses of vaccines are needed to inform evolving evidence-based guidelines for boosting schedules. We enrolled 205 healthcare workers into a cohort study; all had received three doses of BBIBP-CorV (China Sinopharm Bio-Beijing Company, Beijing, China) inactivated vaccine. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and peripheral T and B cell responses. We demonstrated that more robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were elicited by booster immunization compared with primary vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titers to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 were also efficiently elevated post-homologous vaccine booster despite being in a lower titer compared with the prototype stain. In addition to S-specific humoral and cellular immunity, BBIBP-CorV also induced N-specific antibody and effector T cell responses. The third-dose vaccination led to further expansion of critical polyfunctional T cell responses, likely an essential element for vaccine protection. In particular, a functional role for Tfh cell subsets in immunity was suggested by the correlation between both CD4+ Tfh and CD8+ Tfh with total antibody, IgG, B cell responses, and neutralizing antibodies. Our study details the humoral and cellular responses generated by the BBIBP-CorV booster vaccination in a seven-month follow-up study. There is a clear immunologic boosting value of homologous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosters, a consideration for future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Caiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.H.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Junwei Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.H.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Bin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.H.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Dan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Biao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.H.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.H.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.W.); (S.W.); (B.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
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Abstract
Current vaccines should be tailored to combat future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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39
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He R, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu B, Wang Q, Wu Q, Liu Z, Chang F, Hu Y, Xie T, Liu Y, Chen J, Yang J, Teng S, Lu R, Pan D, Wang Y, Peng L, Huang W, Terzieva V, Liu W, Wang Y, Li YP, Qu X. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T FH cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:393. [PMID: 37802996 PMCID: PMC10558553 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (TFH) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of TFH cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated vaccine elicited both spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell and CXCR3- TFH cell responses, which showed distinct response patterns. Spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells exhibit a dominant and more durable response than CXCR3- TFH cells that positively correlated with antibody responses. A third booster dose preferentially expands the spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell subset induced by two doses of inactivated vaccine, contributing to antibody maturation and potency. Functionally, spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells have a greater ability to induce spike-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) differentiation compared to spike-specific CXCR3- TFH cells. In conclusion, the persistent and functional role of spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may play an important role in antibody maintenance and recall response, thereby conferring long-term protection. The findings from this study will inform the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to induce long-term protective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhang He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qijie Wang
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yongchen Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shishan Teng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Liting Peng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Velislava Terzieva
- Laboratory of OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Wenpei Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China.
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40
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Song JY, Choi WS, Heo JY, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Jung DS, Kim SW, Park KH, Eom JS, Jeong SJ, Lee J, Kwon KT, Choi HJ, Sohn JW, Kim YK, Yoo BW, Jang IJ, Capeding MZ, Roman F, Breuer T, Wysocki P, Carter L, Sahastrabuddhe S, Song M, D'Cor N, Kim H, Ryu JH, Lee SJ, Park YW, Cheong HJ. Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03: interim results of a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102140. [PMID: 37711219 PMCID: PMC10498190 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GBP510 vaccine contains self-assembling, recombinant nanoparticles displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains. We report interim phase 3 immunogenicity results for GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (GBP510/AS03) compared with ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) in healthy adults aged ≥18 years, up to 6 months after the second dose. Methods This was a randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, parallel group, phase 3 study, conducted at 38 sites across six countries (South Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Ukraine and New Zealand). Cohort 1 (no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 vaccination) was randomised 2:1 to receive two doses of GBP510/AS03 or ChAdOx1-S (immunogenicity and safety), while Cohort 2 (regardless of baseline serostatus) was randomised 5:1 (safety). Primary objectives were to demonstrate superiority in geometric mean titre (GMT) and non-inferiority in seroconversion rate (SCR; ≥4-fold rise from baseline) of GBP510/AS03 vs. ChAdOx1-S for neutralising antibodies against the ancestral strain by live-virus neutralisation assay. Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and reactogenicity (long-term 6 months cut-off date: 09 August 2022). This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05007951). Findings Between 30 August 2021 and 11 January 2022, a total of 4913 participants were screened and 4036 participants (1956 in Cohort 1 and 2080 in Cohort 2) who met eligibility criteria were enrolled and randomised to receive 2 doses of GBP510/AS03 (n = 3039) or ChAdOx1-S (n = 997). Most participants were Southeast Asian (81.5%) and aged 18-64 years (94.7%). The primary objectives assessed in per-protocol set included 877 participants in GBP510/AS03 and 441 in ChAdOx1-S group: at 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the GMT ratio (GBP510/AS03/ChAdOx1-S) in per-protocol set was 2.93 (95% CI 2.63-3.27), demonstrating superiority (95% CI lower limit >1) of GBP510/AS03; the between-group SCR difference of 10.8% (95% CI 7.68-14.32) also satisfied the non-inferiority criterion (95% CI lower limit > -5%). Neutralizing antibody titres sustained higher for the GBP510/AS03 group compared to the ChAdOx1-S group through 6 months after the second vaccination. In Safety analysis (Cohort 1 & 2), the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs) after any vaccination was higher with GBP510/AS03 vs. ChAdOx1-S for solicited local AEs (56.7% vs. 49.2%), but was similar for solicited systemic AEs (51.2% vs. 53.5%) and unsolicited AEs (13.3% vs. 14.6%) up to 28 days after the second vaccination. No safety concerns were identified during follow-up for 6 months after the second vaccination. Interpretation Our interim findings suggested that GBP510/AS03 met the superiority criterion for neutralising antibodies and non-inferiority criterion for SCR compared with ChAdOx1-S, and showed a clinically acceptable safety profile. Funding This work was supported, in whole or in part, by funding from CEPI and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Investments INV-010680 and INV-006462. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supported this project for the generation of IND-enabling data and CEPI supported this clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Centre, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Wook Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Z. Capeding
- Tropical Disease Foundation – San Francisco Multi-purpose Bldg, Laguna, 4000, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | | | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveena D'Cor
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwa Ryu
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeen Lee
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Park
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Arons E, Henry K, Haas C, Gould M, Tsintolas J, Mauter J, Zhou H, Burbelo PD, Cohen JI, Kreitman RJ. Characterization of B-cell receptor clonality and immunoglobulin gene usage at multiple time points during active SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29179. [PMID: 37877800 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Although monoclonal antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are known, B-cell receptor repertoire and its change in patients during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) progression is underreported. We aimed to study this molecularly. We used immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) variable region (IGHV) spectratyping and next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood B-cell genomic DNA collected at multiple time points during disease evolution to study B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 14 individuals with acute COVID-19. We found a broad distribution of responding B-cell clones. The IGH gene usage was not significantly skewed but frequencies of individual IGH genes changed repeatedly. We found predominant usage of unmutated and low mutation-loaded IGHV rearrangements characterizing naïve and extrafollicular B cells among the majority of expanded peripheral B-cell clonal lineages at most tested time points in most patients. IGH rearrangement usage showed no apparent relation to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. Some patients demonstrated mono/oligoclonal populations carrying highly mutated IGHV rearrangements indicating antigen experience at some of the time points tested, including even before anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected. We present evidence demonstrating that the B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is individual and includes different lineages of B cells at various time points during COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Christopher Haas
- Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mory Gould
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack Tsintolas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack Mauter
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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42
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Albalkhi I, Alabdul Razzak G, Abdulkader H, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254310. [PMID: 37828990 PMCID: PMC10565006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, commonly known as long COVID, encompasses a range of systemic symptoms experienced by a significant number of COVID-19 survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of long COVID has become a topic of intense research discussion. While chronic inflammation in long COVID has received considerable attention, the role of neutrophils, which are the most abundant of all immune cells and primary responders to inflammation, has been unfortunately overlooked, perhaps due to their short lifespan. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients. We present early evidence linking the persistence of NETs to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurological dysfunction in long COVID. Several uncertainties require investigation in future studies. These include the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 brings about sustained neutrophil activation phenotypes after infection resolution; whether the heterogeneity of neutrophils seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection persists into the chronic phase; whether the presence of autoantibodies in long COVID can induce NETs and protect them from degradation; whether NETs exert differential, organ-specific effects; specifically which NET components contribute to organ-specific pathologies, such as pulmonary fibrosis; and whether senescent cells can drive NET formation through their pro-inflammatory secretome in long COVID. Answering these questions may pave the way for the development of clinically applicable strategies targeting NETs, providing relief for this emerging health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Onofrio LI, Marin C, Dutto J, Brugo MB, Baigorri RE, Bossio SN, Quiróz JN, Almada L, Ruiz Moreno F, Olivera C, Silvera-Ruiz SM, Ponce NE, Icely PA, Amezcua Vesely MC, Fozzatti L, Rodríguez-Galán MC, Stempin CC, Cervi L, Maletto BA, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Bertone M, Abiega CD, Escudero D, Kahn A, Caeiro JP, Maccioni M, Motrán CC, Gruppi A, Sotomayor CE, Chiapello LS, Montes CL. COVID-19 patients display changes in lymphocyte subsets with a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8lo T cells associated with disease severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223730. [PMID: 37809093 PMCID: PMC10552777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work examines cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients from Córdoba, Argentina, during two major waves characterized by different circulating viral variants and different social behavior. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the main lymphocyte populations of peripheral blood from hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease. Our results show disturbances in the cellular immune compartment, as previously reported in different cohorts worldwide. We observed an increased frequency of B cells and a significant decrease in the frequency of CD3+ T cells in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors (HD). We also found a reduction in Tregs, which was more pronounced in severe patients. During the first wave, the frequency of GZMB, CD107a, CD39, and PD-1-expressing conventional CD4+ T (T conv) cells was significantly higher in moderate and severe patients than in HD. During the second wave, only the GZMB+ T conv cells of moderate and severe patients increased significantly. In addition, these patients showed a decreased frequency in IL-2-producing T conv cells. Interestingly, we identified two subsets of circulating CD8+ T cells with low and high CD8 surface expression in both HD and COVID-19 patients. While the percentages of CD8hi and CD8lo T cells within the CD8+ population in HD are similar, a significant increase was observed in CD8lo T cell frequency in COVID-19 patients. CD8lo T cell populations from HD as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibited lower frequencies of the effector cytokine-producing cells, TNF, IL-2, and IFN-γ, than CD8hi T cells. Interestingly, the frequency of CD8lo T cells increased with disease severity, suggesting that this parameter could be a potential marker for disease progression. Indeed, the CD8hi/CD8lo index helped to significantly improve the patient's clinical stratification and disease outcome prediction. Our data support the addition of, at least, a CD8hi/CD8lo index into the panel of biomarkers commonly used in clinical labs, since its determination may be a useful tool with impact on the therapeutic management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisina Ines Onofrio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Marin
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jeremías Dutto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth Eliana Baigorri
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Noemi Bossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiróz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Almada
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Ruiz Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silene M. Silvera-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Eric Ponce
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Alejandra Icely
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Amezcua Vesely
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Rodríguez-Galán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Carolina Stempin
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys Angélica Maletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Virginia Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bertone
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudio Daniel Abiega
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Escudero
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Kahn
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Caeiro
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Elena Sotomayor
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lucia Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Lende SSF, Barnkob NM, Hansen RW, Bansia H, Vestergaard M, Rothemejer FH, Worsaae A, Brown D, Pedersen ML, Rahimic AHF, Juhl AK, Gjetting T, Østergaard L, Georges AD, Vuillard LM, Schleimann MH, Koefoed K, Tolstrup M. Discovery of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enriched in a unique antigen specific B cell cluster. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291131. [PMID: 37729215 PMCID: PMC10511142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, a sub-group of vaccine non-responders depends on therapeutic antibodies or small-molecule drugs in cases of severe disease. However, perpetual viral evolution has required continuous efficacy monitoring as well as exploration of new therapeutic antibodies, to circumvent resistance mutations arising in the viral population. We performed SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell sorting and subsequent single-cell sequencing on material from 15 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent participants. Through screening of 455 monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 variant binding and virus neutralization, we identified a cluster of activated B cells highly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Epitope binning and Cryo-EM structure analysis identified the majority of neutralizing antibodies having epitopes overlapping with the ACE2 receptor binding motif (class 1 binders). Extensive functional antibody characterization identified two potent neutralizing antibodies, one retaining SARS-CoV-1 neutralizing capability, while both bind major common variants of concern and display prophylactic efficacy in vivo. The transcriptomic signature of activated B cells harboring broadly binding neutralizing antibodies with therapeutic potential identified here, may be a guide in future efforts of rapid therapeutic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Sofie Frank Lende
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Harsh Bansia
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Frederik Holm Rothemejer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Deijona Brown
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Lange Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Karina Juhl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Torben Gjetting
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Antibody Technology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amédée Des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- PhD Programs in Biochemistry, and Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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45
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Zhao J, Xu X, Gao Y, Yu Y, Li C. Crosstalk between Platelets and SARS-CoV-2: Implications in Thrombo-Inflammatory Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14133. [PMID: 37762435 PMCID: PMC10531760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported to affect platelets and cause increased thrombotic events, hinting at the possible bidirectional interactions between platelets and the virus. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased thrombotic events as well as altered platelet count and activity in COVID-19. Inspired by existing knowledge on platelet-pathogen interactions, we propose several potential antiviral strategies that platelets might undertake to combat SARS-CoV-2, including their abilities to internalize the virus, release bioactive molecules to interfere with viral infection, and modulate the functions of immune cells. Moreover, we discuss current and potential platelet-targeted therapeutic strategies in controlling COVID-19, including antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, and inflammation-targeting treatments. These strategies have shown promise in clinical settings to alleviate the severity of thrombo-inflammatory complications and reduce the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, an in-depth understanding of platelet-SARS-CoV-2 interactions may uncover novel mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19 complications and could provide new therapeutic avenues for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yijing Yu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Conglei Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
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46
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Sam G, Stenos J, Graves SR, Rehm BHA. Q fever immunology: the quest for a safe and effective vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:133. [PMID: 37679410 PMCID: PMC10484952 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Transmission occurs from livestock to humans through inhalation of a survival form of the bacterium, the Small Cell Variant, often via handling of animal parturition products. Q fever manifests as an acute self-limiting febrile illness or as a chronic disease with complications such as vasculitis and endocarditis. The current preventative human Q fever vaccine Q-VAX poses limitations on its worldwide implementation due to reactogenic responses in pre-sensitized individuals. Many strategies have been undertaken to develop a universal Q fever vaccine but with little success to date. The mechanisms of the underlying reactogenic responses remain only partially understood and are important factors in the development of a safe Q fever vaccine. This review provides an overview of previous and current experimental vaccines developed for use against Q fever and proposes approaches to develop a vaccine that establishes immunological memory while eliminating harmful reactogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Sam
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - John Stenos
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen R Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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47
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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48
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Kiszel P, Sík P, Miklós J, Kajdácsi E, Sinkovits G, Cervenak L, Prohászka Z. Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13166. [PMID: 37574522 PMCID: PMC10423719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reduce the risk of developing serious COVID-19 disease. Monitoring spike-specific IgG subclass levels after vaccinations may provide additional information on SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response. Here, we examined the presence and levels of spike-specific IgG antibody subclasses in health-care coworkers vaccinated with vector- (Sputnik, AstraZeneca) or mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. We found that vector-based vaccines elicited lower total spike-specific IgG levels than mRNA vaccines. The pattern of spike-specific IgG subclasses in individuals infected before mRNA vaccinations resembled that of vector-vaccinated subjects or unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. However, the pattern of mRNA-vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 preinfection showed a markedly different pattern. In addition to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses presented in all groups, a switch towards distal IgG subclasses (spike-specific IgG4 and IgG2) appeared almost exclusively in individuals who received only mRNA vaccines or were infected after mRNA vaccinations. In these subjects, the magnitude of the spike-specific IgG4 response was comparable to that of the spike-specific IgG1 response. These data suggest that the priming of the immune system either by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by vector- or mRNA-based vaccinations has an important impact on the characteristics of the developed specific humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| | - Pál Sík
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - János Miklós
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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49
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Hayashi H, Sun J, Yanagida Y, Otera T, Tai JA, Nishikawa T, Yamashita K, Sakaguchi N, Yoshida S, Baba S, Chang CY, Shimamura M, Okamoto S, Amaishi Y, Chono H, Mineno J, Rakugi H, Morishita R, Nakagami H. Intradermal administration of DNA vaccine targeting Omicron SARS-CoV-2 via pyro-drive jet injector provides the prolonged neutralizing antibody production via germinal center reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13033. [PMID: 37563266 PMCID: PMC10415318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants are highly contagious with enhanced immune escape mechanisms against the initially approved COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, we require stable alternative-platform vaccines that confer protection against newer variants of SARS-CoV-2. We designed an Omicron B.1.1.529 specific DNA vaccine using our DNA vaccine platform and evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses. SD rats intradermally administered with Omicron-specific DNA vaccine via pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) thrice at 2-week intervals elicited high antibody titers against the Omicron subvariants as well as the ancestral strain. Indeed, the Omicron B.1.1.529-specific antibody titer and neutralizing antibody were higher than that of other strains. Longitudinal monitoring indicated that anti-spike (ancestral and Omicron) antibody titers decreased toward 30 weeks after the first vaccination dose. However, neutralization activity remained unaltered. Germinal center formation was histologically detected in lymph nodes in rats immunized with Omicron DNA vaccine. Ancestral spike-specific immune cell response was slightly weaker than Omicron spike-specific response in splenocytes with Omicron-adapted DNA vaccine, evaluated by ELISpot assay. Collectively, our findings suggest that Omicron targeting DNA vaccines via PJI can elicit robust durable antibody production mediated by germinal center reaction against this new variant as well as partially against the spike protein of other SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yanagida
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Otera
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Anges Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiayu A Tai
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Daicel Co, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shota Yoshida
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chin Yang Chang
- Department of Gene and Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- Department of Gene and Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Wang H, Yuan Y, Wu B, Xiao M, Wang Z, Diao T, Zeng R, Chen L, Lei Y, Long P, Guo Y, Lai X, Wen Y, Li W, Cai H, Song L, Ni W, Zhao Y, Ouyang K, Wang J, Wang Q, Liu L, Wang C, Pan A, Li X, Gong R, Wu T. Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination among COVID-19 convalescents. Front Med 2023; 17:747-757. [PMID: 36738428 PMCID: PMC9898702 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bihao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingyue Diao
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanshou Lei
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuying Wen
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Youyun Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Kani Ouyang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - An Pan
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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