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Nehar-Belaid D, Sokolowski M, Ravichandran S, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D, Ucar D. Baseline immune states (BIS) associated with vaccine responsiveness and factors that shape the BIS. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101842. [PMID: 37717525 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are among the greatest inventions in medicine, leading to the elimination or control of numerous diseases, including smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, and, most recently, COVID-19. Yet, the effectiveness of vaccines varies among individuals. In fact, while some recipients mount a robust response to vaccination that protects them from the disease, others fail to respond. Multiple clinical and epidemiological factors contribute to this heterogeneity in responsiveness. Systems immunology studies fueled by advances in single-cell biology have been instrumental in uncovering pre-vaccination immune cell types and genomic features (i.e., the baseline immune state, BIS) that have been associated with vaccine responsiveness. Here, we review clinical factors that shape the BIS, and the characteristics of the BIS associated with responsiveness to frequently studied vaccines (i.e., influenza, COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, malaria). Finally, we discuss potential strategies to enhance vaccine responsiveness in high-risk groups, focusing specifically on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Sokolowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | - Damien Chaussabel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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2
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Razizadeh MH, Zafarani A, Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Khorramdelazad H, Minaeian S, Mahmoudi M. Natural killer cells and their exosomes in viral infections and related therapeutic approaches: where are we? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:261. [PMID: 37749597 PMCID: PMC10519079 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of the host immune system to fight against infections. Natural killer cells are the innate immunity lymphocytes responsible for fighting against virus-infected and cancerous cells. They have various mechanisms to suppress viral infections. On the other hand, viruses have evolved to utilize different ways to evade NK cell-mediated responses. Viruses can balance the response by regulating the cytokine release pattern and changing the proportion of activating and inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication. Most cell populations can release these nano-sized vesicles, and it was shown that these vesicles produce identical outcomes to the originating cell from which they are released. In recent years, the role of NK cell-derived exosomes in various diseases including viral infections has been highlighted, drawing attention to utilizing the therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles. In this article, the role of NK cells in various viral infections and the mechanisms used by viruses to evade these important immune system cells are initially examined. Subsequently, the role of NK cell exosomes in controlling various viral infections is discussed. Finally, the current position of these cells in the treatment of viral infections and the therapeutic potential of their exosomes are reviewed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Boudreau CM, Burke JS, Yousif AS, Sangesland M, Jastrzebski S, Verschoor C, Kuchel G, Lingwood D, Kleanthous H, De Bruijn I, Landolfi V, Sridhar S, Alter G. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation as a correlate of immunity against influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5170. [PMID: 37620306 PMCID: PMC10449820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a critical role in protection against influenza; yet titers and viral neutralization represent incomplete correlates of immunity. Instead, the ability of antibodies to leverage the antiviral power of the innate immune system has been implicated in protection from and clearance of influenza infection. Here, post-hoc analysis of the humoral immune response to influenza is comprehensively profiled in a cohort of vaccinated older adults (65 + ) monitored for influenza infection during the 2012/2013 season in the United States (NCT: 01427309). While robust humoral immune responses arose against the vaccine and circulating strains, influenza-specific antibody effector profiles differed in individuals that later became infected with influenza, who are deficient in NK cell activating antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, compared to individuals who remained uninfected. Furthermore, NK cell activation was strongly associated with the NK cell senescence marker CD57, arguing for the need for selective induction of influenza-specific afucosylated NK activating antibodies in older adults to achieve protection. High dose vaccination, currently used for older adults, was insufficient to generate this NK cell-activating humoral response. Next generation vaccines able to selectively bolster NK cell activating antibodies may be required to achieve protection in the setting of progressively senescent NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John S Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Chris Verschoor
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - George Kuchel
- Center on Aging, UCONN Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02129, USA.
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4
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Vanderven HA, Wentworth DN, Han WM, Peck H, Barr IG, Davey RT, Beigel JH, Dwyer DE, Jain MK, Angus B, Brandt CT, Mykietiuk A, Law MG, Neaton JD, Kent SJ. Understanding the treatment benefit of hyperimmune anti-influenza intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) for severe human influenza. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167464. [PMID: 37289541 PMCID: PMC10443807 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDAntibody-based therapies for respiratory viruses are of increasing importance. The INSIGHT 006 trial administered anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) to patients hospitalized with influenza. Flu-IVIG treatment improved outcomes in patients with influenza B but showed no benefit for influenza A.METHODSTo probe potential mechanisms of Flu-IVIG utility, sera collected from patients hospitalized with influenza A or B viruses (IAV or IBV) were analyzed for antibody isotype/subclass and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding by ELISA, bead-based multiplex, and NK cell activation assays.RESULTSInfluenza-specific FcγR-binding antibodies were elevated in Flu-IVIG-infused IBV- and IAV-infected patients. In IBV-infected participants (n = 62), increased IgG3 and FcγR binding were associated with more favorable outcomes. Flu-IVIG therapy also improved the odds of a more favorable outcome in patients with low levels of anti-IBV Fc-functional antibody. Higher FcγR-binding antibody was associated with less favorable outcomes in IAV-infected patients (n = 50), and Flu-IVIG worsened the odds of a favorable outcome in participants with low levels of anti-IAV Fc-functional antibody.CONCLUSIONThese detailed serological analyses provide insights into antibody features and mechanisms required for a successful humoral response against influenza, suggesting that IBV-specific, but not IAV-specific, antibodies with Fc-mediated functions may assist in improving influenza outcome. This work will inform development of improved influenza immunotherapies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02287467.FUNDINGFunding for this research was provided by subcontract 13XS134 under Leidos Biomedical Research Prime Contract HHSN261200800001E and HHSN261201500003I, NCI/NIAID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, and
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah N. Wentworth
- Divison of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Win Min Han
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heidi Peck
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G. Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard T. Davey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John H. Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic E. Dwyer
- New South Wales Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Brian Angus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian T. Brandt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Matthew G. Law
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James D. Neaton
- Divison of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Assessment of Fcγ receptor-dependent binding of influenza hemagglutinin vaccine-induced antibodies in a non-human primate model. iScience 2022; 25:105085. [PMID: 36147947 PMCID: PMC9486051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cross-protective antibodies that recognize a broad range of influenza A virus (IAV) strains are known to have functions in virus elimination such as Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-effector function and neutralizing activity against the head region. Although few studies have used primary cells as effector cells, the FcγR-effector function was evaluated after isolating each cell subset. Herein, we established an original assay system to evaluate purified FI6 IgG-mediated binding to hemagglutinin (HA)-expressing cells by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus macaques. In addition, we evaluated the FcγR-effector function of IAV vaccine-induced anti-HA antibodies in cynomolgus macaques after administering the split vaccine. We found several cell types, mainly classical monocytes, bound to HA-expressing target cells in an FcγR-dependent manner, that were dominant in the binding of the cell population. Thus, this assay system could facilitate the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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6
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Motsoeneng BM, Dhar N, Nunes MC, Krammer F, Madhi SA, Moore PL, Richardson SI. Influenza Vaccination Results in Differential Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Fc-Mediated Functions in Individuals Living With or Without HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873191. [PMID: 35514992 PMCID: PMC9062095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stalk-specific antibodies have been shown to potently induce Fc-mediated effector functions which are important in protection from disease. In placebo-controlled maternal influenza (MatFlu) vaccination trials of pregnant women living with or without HIV, reduced risk of influenza illness was associated with high HA stalk antibody titers following trivalent inactivated vaccination (TIV). However, the mechanisms of immunity conferred by the HA stalk antibodies were not well understood. Here, we investigated HA stalk-specific Fc effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD), and FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa binding in response to seasonal influenza vaccination. These were measured pre- and 1-month post-vaccination in 141 HIV-uninfected women (67 TIV and 74 placebo recipients) and 119 women living with HIV (WLWH; 66 TIV and 53 placebo recipients). In contrast to HIV-uninfected women, where HA stalk-specific ADCP and FcγRIIa binding were significantly boosted, WLWH showed no increase in response to vaccination. HA stalk-specific ADCC potential and FcγRIIIa binding were not boosted regardless of HIV status but were higher in WLWH compared with HIV-uninfected women prior to vaccination. HA stalk-specific ADCD was significantly increased by vaccination in all women, but was significantly lower in the WLWH both pre- and post- vaccination. Co-ordination between HA stalk-specific ADCP and ADCD in WLWH was improved by vaccination. Fc polyfunctionality was enhanced by vaccination in HIV-uninfected women and driven by the HA stalk antibody titers. However, in the WLWH, higher pre-vaccination Fc polyfunctionality was maintained post-vaccination but was decoupled from titer. Overall, we showed differential regulation of Fc effector HA stalk responses, suggesting that HIV infection results in unique humoral immunity in response to influenza vaccination, with relevance for future strategies that aim to target the HA stalk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo M Motsoeneng
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of The National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nisha Dhar
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of The National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simone I Richardson
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of The National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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7
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Lemke MM, Theisen RM, Bozich ER, McLean MR, Lee CY, Lopez E, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kratochvil S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ, Chung AW, Arnold KB. A Quantitative Approach to Unravel the Role of Host Genetics in IgG-FcγR Complex Formation After Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820148. [PMID: 35273603 PMCID: PMC8902241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-mediated immune functions have been correlated with protection in the RV144 HIV vaccine trial and are important for immunity to a range of pathogens. IgG antibodies (Abs) that form complexes with Fc receptors (FcRs) on innate immune cells can activate Fc-mediated immune functions. Genetic variation in both IgGs and FcRs have the capacity to alter IgG-FcR complex formation via changes in binding affinity and concentration. A growing challenge lies in unraveling the importance of multiple variations, especially in the context of vaccine trials that are conducted in homogenous genetic populations. Here we use an ordinary differential equation model to quantitatively assess how IgG1 allotypes and FcγR polymorphisms influence IgG-FcγRIIIa complex formation in vaccine-relevant settings. Using data from the RV144 HIV vaccine trial, we map the landscape of IgG-FcγRIIIa complex formation predicted post-vaccination for three different IgG1 allotypes and two different FcγRIIIa polymorphisms. Overall, the model illustrates how specific vaccine interventions could be applied to maximize IgG-FcγRIIIa complex formation in different genetic backgrounds. Individuals with the G1m1,17 and G1m1,3 allotypes were predicted to be more responsive to vaccine adjuvant strategies that increase antibody FcγRIIIa affinity (e.g. glycosylation modifications), compared to the G1m-1,3 allotype which was predicted to be more responsive to vaccine boosting regimens that increase IgG1 antibody titers (concentration). Finally, simulations in mixed-allotype populations suggest that the benefit of boosting IgG1 concentration versus IgG1 affinity may be dependent upon the presence of the G1m-1,3 allotype. Overall this work provides a quantitative tool for rationally improving Fc-mediated functions after vaccination that may be important for assessing vaccine trial results in the context of under-represented genetic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert M Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily R Bozich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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8
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Boudreau CM, Burke JS, Shuey KD, Wolf C, Katz J, Tielsch J, Khatry S, LeClerq SC, Englund JA, Chu HY, Alter G. Dissecting Fc signatures of protection in neonates following maternal influenza vaccination in a placebo-controlled trial. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110337. [PMID: 35139373 PMCID: PMC9026287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an important cause of illness and morbidity for infants. Seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy aims to provide protection to mothers, but it can also provide immunity to infants. The precise influence of maternal vaccination on immunity in infants and how vaccine-elicited antibodies provide protection in some but not all infants is incompletely understood. We comprehensively profiled the transfer of functional antibodies and defined humoral factors contributing to immunity against influenza in a clinical trial of maternal influenza vaccination. Influenza-specific antibody subclass levels, Fc ɣ receptor (FCGR) binding levels, and antibody-dependent innate immune functions were all profiled in the mothers during pregnancy and at birth, as well as in cord blood. Vaccination increased influenza-specific antibody levels, antibody binding to FCGR, and specific antibody-dependent innate immune functions in both maternal and cord blood, with FCGR binding most enhanced via vaccination. Influenza-specific FCGR binding levels were lower in cord blood of infants who subsequently developed influenza infection. Collectively these data suggest that in addition to increased antibody amounts, the selective transfer of FCGR-binding antibodies contributes to the protective immune response in infants against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Virology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John S Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiel D Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Subarna Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Steven C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Chen X, Sun HY, Lee CY, Rostad CA, Trost J, Abreu RB, Carlock MA, Wilson JR, Gansebom S, Ross TM, Steinhauer DA, Anderson EJ, Anderson LJ. Functional antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to vaccine and circulating influenza strains following vaccination. Virology 2022; 569:44-55. [PMID: 35255298 PMCID: PMC9013517 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel cell-based assays were developed to assess antibody-dependence cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies against both vaccine and a representative circulation strain HA and NA proteins for the 2014-15 influenza season. The four assays using target cells stably expressing one of the four proteins worked well. In pre- and post-vaccine sera from 70 participants in a pre-season vaccine trial, we found ADCC antibodies and a rise in ADCC antibody titer against target cells expressing the 4 proteins but a much higher titer for the vaccine than the circulating HA in both pre-and post-vaccine sera. These differences in HA ADCC antibodies were not reflected in differences in HA binding antibodies. Our observations suggested that relatively minor changes on the subtype HA can result in large differences in ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - He-Ying Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chun Yi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica Trost
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo B Abreu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael A Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jason R Wilson
- Molecular Virology and Vaccine Team, Influenza and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, OID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shane Gansebom
- Molecular Virology and Vaccine Team, Influenza and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, OID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; (CDC/DDID/NCIRD/ID) GDIT, Federal Civilian Division, 2 Corporate Square; Ste 100, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Vanderven HA, Esterbauer R, Jegaskanda S, Tan HX, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Poor protective potential of influenza nucleoprotein antibodies despite wide prevalence. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 100:49-60. [PMID: 34687553 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to influenza virus through periodic infections. Due to these repeated exposures, human populations commonly have elevated antibody titers targeting the conserved internal influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). Despite the presence of anti-NP antibodies, humans are acutely susceptible to drifted influenza viruses with antigenically different surface proteins and the protective potential of human NP antibodies is unclear. In this study, high levels of anti-NP antibody and NP-specific B cells were detected in both adult humans and influenza-infected mice, confirming that NP is a major target of humoral immunity. Through sorting single B cells from influenza-exposed human adults, we generated a panel of 11 anti-NP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The majority of anti-NP human mAbs generated were capable of engaging cellular Fc receptors and bound NP on the surface of influenza-infected cell lines in vitro, suggesting that anti-NP mAbs have the potential to mediate downstream Fc effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent phagocytosis. However, human anti-NP mAbs were not protective in vivo when passively transferred into a murine influenza challenge model. Future in vivo studies examining the synergistic effect of anti-NP mAbs infused with other influenza-specific mAbs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Vanderven
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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11
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Shibuya M, Tamiya S, Kawai A, Hirai T, Cragg MS, Yoshioka Y. Synergistic effect of non-neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ for cross-protection against influenza. iScience 2021; 24:103131. [PMID: 34622175 PMCID: PMC8482522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines do not typically confer cross-protection against antigenically mismatched strains. To develop vaccines conferring broader cross-protection, recent evidence indicates the crucial role of both cross-reactive antibodies and viral-specific CD4+ T cells; however, the precise mechanism of cross-protection is unclear. Furthermore, adjuvants that can efficiently induce cross-protective CD4+ T cells have not been identified. Here we show that CpG oligodeoxynucleotides combined with aluminum salts work as adjuvants for influenza vaccine and confer strong cross-protection in mice. Both cross-reactive antibodies and viral-specific CD4+ T cells contributed to cross-protection synergistically, with each individually ineffective. Furthermore, we found that downregulated expression of Fcγ receptor IIb on alveolar macrophages due to IFN-γ secreted by viral-specific CD4+ T cells improves the activity of cross-reactive antibodies. Our findings inform the development of optimal adjuvants for vaccines and how influenza vaccines confer broader cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meito Shibuya
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Lemke MM, McLean MR, Lee CY, Lopez E, Bozich ER, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kratochvil S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ, Chung AW, Arnold KB. A systems approach to elucidate personalized mechanistic complexities of antibody-Fc receptor activation post-vaccination. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100386. [PMID: 34622227 PMCID: PMC8484512 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that activate Fc-mediated immune functions have been correlated with vaccine efficacy, but it is difficult to unravel the relative roles of multiple IgG and Fc receptor (FcR) features that have the capacity to influence IgG-FcR complex formation but vary on a personalized basis. Here, we develop an ordinary differential-equation model to determine how personalized variability in IgG subclass concentrations and binding affinities influence IgG-FcγRIIIa complex formation and validate it with samples from the HIV RV144 vaccine trial. The model identifies individuals who are sensitive, insensitive, or negatively affected by increases in HIV-specific IgG1, which is validated with the addition of HIV-specific IgG1 monoclonal antibodies to vaccine samples. IgG1 affinity to FcγRIIIa is also prioritized as the most influential parameter for dictating activation broadly across a population. Overall, this work presents a quantitative tool for evaluating personalized differences underlying FcR activation, which is relevant to ongoing efforts to improve vaccine efficacy. Fc-mediated immune functions have been correlated with protection in HIV vaccine trials A model reveals personalized mechanisms that drive variation in FcγR activation The model predicts individuals who are sensitive to changes in IgG1 concentration IgG1 affinity to FcγR best dictates activation across a heterogeneous population
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily R Bozich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital, Monash University Central Clinical School, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Lin X, Lin F, Liang T, Ducatez MF, Zanin M, Wong SS. Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071400. [PMID: 34372607 PMCID: PMC8310379 DOI: 10.3390/v13071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fangmei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | | | - Mark Zanin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-178-2584-6078
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14
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Mokaya J, Kimathi D, Lambe T, Warimwe GM. What Constitutes Protective Immunity Following Yellow Fever Vaccination? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060671. [PMID: 34207358 PMCID: PMC8235545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) remains a threat to global health, with an increasing number of major outbreaks in the tropical areas of the world over the recent past. In light of this, the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics Strategy was established with the aim of protecting one billion people at risk of YF through vaccination by the year 2026. The current YF vaccine gives excellent protection, but its use is limited by shortages in supply due to the difficulties in producing the vaccine. There are good grounds for believing that alternative fractional dosing regimens can produce strong protection and overcome the problem of supply shortages as less vaccine is required per person. However, immune responses to these vaccination approaches are yet to be fully understood. In addition, published data on immune responses following YF vaccination have mostly quantified neutralising antibody titers. However, vaccine-induced antibodies can confer immunity through other antibody effector functions beyond neutralisation, and an effective vaccine is also likely to induce strong and persistent memory T cell responses. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge in the characterisation of YF vaccine-induced protective immunity in the absence or presence of neutralising antibodies. The assessment of biophysical antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity following YF vaccination could help provide a comprehensive landscape of YF vaccine-induced immunity and a better understanding of correlates of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynne Mokaya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
- Correspondence:
| | - Derick Kimathi
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - George M. Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibodies mediate pathogen neutralization in addition to several cytotoxic Fc functions through engaging cellular receptors and recruiting effector cells. Fc effector functions have been well described in disease control and protection against infectious diseases including HIV, Ebola, malaria, influenza and tuberculosis, making them attractive targets for vaccine design. AREAS COVERED We briefly summarize the role of Fc effector functions in disease control and protection in viral, bacterial and parasitic infectious diseases. We review Fc effector function in passive immunization and vaccination, and primarily focus on strategies to elicit and modulate these functions as part of a robust vaccine strategy. EXPERT OPINION Despite their known correlation with vaccine efficacy for several diseases, only recently have seminal studies addressed how these Fc effector functions can be elicited and modulated in vaccination. However, gaps remain in assay standardization and the precise mechanisms of diverse functional assays. Furthermore, there are inherent difficulties in the translation of findings from animal models to humans, given the difference in sequence, expression and function of Fc receptors and Fc portions of antibodies. However, overall it is clear that vaccine development to elicit Fc effector function is an important goal for optimal prevention against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I Richardson
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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16
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Beigel JH, Hayden FG. Influenza Therapeutics in Clinical Practice-Challenges and Recent Advances. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a038463. [PMID: 32041763 PMCID: PMC8015700 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, several new direct-acting influenza antivirals have been licensed, and others have advanced in clinical development. The increasing diversity of antiviral classes should allow an adequate public health response should a resistant virus to one agent or class widely circulate. One new antiviral, baloxavir marboxil, has been approved in the United States for treatment of influenza in those at high risk of developing influenza-related complications. Except for intravenous zanamivir in European Union countries, no antivirals have been licensed specifically for the indication of severe influenza or hospitalized influenza. This review addresses recent clinical developments involving selected polymerase inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, antibody-based therapeutics, and host-directed therapies. There are many knowledge gaps for most of these agents because some data are not published and multiple pivotal studies are in progress at present. This review also considers important clinical research issues, including regulatory pathways, study designs, endpoints, and target populations encountered during the clinical development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-9826, USA
| | - Frederick G Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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17
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Selva KJ, van de Sandt CE, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Chua BY, Davis SK, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Koutsakos M, Wong CY, Mordant F, Jackson DC, Flanagan KL, Crowe J, Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Crawford NW, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Chappell K, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Young P, Lee WS, Wines BD, Mark Hogarth P, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Arnold KB, Kedzierska K, Chung AW. Systems serology detects functionally distinct coronavirus antibody features in children and elderly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2037. [PMID: 33795692 PMCID: PMC8016934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of COVID-19 are higher pathogenicity and mortality in the elderly compared to children. Examining baseline SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive immunological responses, induced by circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs), is needed to understand such divergent clinical outcomes. Here we show analysis of coronavirus antibody responses of pre-pandemic healthy children (n = 89), adults (n = 98), elderly (n = 57), and COVID-19 patients (n = 50) by systems serology. Moderate levels of cross-reactive, but non-neutralizing, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are detected in pre-pandemic healthy individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific Fcγ receptor binding accurately distinguishes COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces qualitative changes to antibody Fc, enhancing Fcγ receptor engagement. Higher cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are observed in healthy elderly, while healthy children display elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgM, suggesting that children have fewer hCoV exposures, resulting in less-experienced but more polyreactive humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis of COVID-19 patients, confirms elevated class-switched antibodies in elderly, while children have stronger Fc responses which we demonstrate are functionally different. These insights will inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies, improved serological diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne K Shoffner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunisation Service, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention & Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Damelang T, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lopez E, Killian M, Unger HW, Salanti A, Shub A, McCarthy E, Kedzierska K, Lappas M, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Antibody mediated activation of natural killer cells in malaria exposed pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4130. [PMID: 33602987 PMCID: PMC7893158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune effector responses against Plasmodium falciparum include antibody-mediated activation of innate immune cells, which can induce Fc effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effector functions are regulated by the composition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-linked glycans. However, a role for antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cells activation or Fc N-linked glycans in pregnant women with malaria has not yet been established. Herein, we studied the capacity of IgG antibodies from pregnant women, with placental malaria or non-placental malaria, to induce NK cell activation in response to placental malaria-associated antigens DBL2 and DBL3. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation was observed in pregnant women with malaria, but no differences were associated with susceptibility to placental malaria. Elevated anti-inflammatory glycosylation patterns of IgG antibodies were observed in pregnant women with or without malaria infection, which were not seen in healthy non-pregnant controls. This suggests that pregnancy-associated anti-inflammatory Fc N-linked glycans may dampen the antibody-mediated activation of NK cells in pregnant women with malaria infection. Overall, although anti-inflammatory glycans and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were detected in pregnant women with malaria, a definitive role for these antibody features in protecting against placental malaria remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holger W Unger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Immunogenicity of standard, high-dose, MF59-adjuvanted, and recombinant-HA seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:25. [PMID: 33594050 PMCID: PMC7886864 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine efficacy of standard-dose seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines (S-IIV) can be improved by the use of vaccines with higher antigen content or adjuvants. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in older adults to compare cellular and antibody responses of S-IIV versus enhanced vaccines (eIIV): MF59-adjuvanted (A-eIIV), high-dose (H-eIIV), and recombinant-hemagglutinin (HA) (R-eIIV). All vaccines induced comparable H3-HA-specific IgG and elevated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity at day 30 post vaccination. H3-HA-specific ADCC responses were greatest following H-eIIV. Only A-eIIV increased H3-HA-IgG avidity, HA-stalk IgG and ADCC activity. eIIVs also increased polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, while cellular immune responses were skewed toward single-cytokine-producing T cells among S-IIV subjects. Our study provides further immunological evidence for the preferential use of eIIVs in older adults as each vaccine platform had an advantage over the standard-dose vaccine in terms of NK cell activation, HA-stalk antibodies, and T cell responses.
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20
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Boudreau CM, Yu WH, Suscovich TJ, Talbot HK, Edwards KM, Alter G. Selective induction of antibody effector functional responses using MF59-adjuvanted vaccination. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:662-672. [PMID: 31845904 DOI: 10.1172/jci129520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza infection remains a major public health concern worldwide. Driving robust humoral immunity has been a challenge given preexisting, often cross-reactive, immunity and in particular, poorly immunogenic avian antigens. To overcome immune barriers, the adjuvant MF59 has been used in seasonal influenza vaccines to increase antibody titers and improve neutralizing activity, translating to a moderate increase in protection in vulnerable populations. However, its effects on stimulating antibody effector functions, including NK cell activation, monocyte phagocytosis, and complement activity, all of which have been implicated in protection against influenza, have yet to be defined. Using systems serology, we assessed changes in antibody functional profiles in individuals who received H5N1 avian influenza vaccine administered with MF59, with alum, or delivered unadjuvanted. MF59 elicited antibody responses that stimulated robust neutrophil phagocytosis and complement activity. Conversely, vaccination with MF59 recruited NK cells poorly and drove moderate monocyte phagocytic activity, both likely compromised because of the induction of antibodies that did not bind FCGR3A. Collectively, defining the humoral antibody functions induced by distinct adjuvants may provide a path to designing next-generation vaccines that can selectively leverage the humoral immune functions, beyond binding and neutralization, resulting in better protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Keipp Talbot
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Health Policy, and
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Murine Cross-Reactive Nonneutralizing Polyclonal IgG1 Antibodies Induced by Influenza Vaccine Inhibit the Cross-Protective Effect of IgG2 against Heterologous Virus in Mice. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00323-20. [PMID: 32269125 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination against influenza viruses is the most reliable and efficient way to prevent and control annual epidemics and protect from severe influenza disease. However, current split influenza vaccines are generally not effective against antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains. To broaden the protective spectrum of influenza vaccines, adjuvants that can induce cross-reactive antibodies with cross-protection via Fc-mediated effector functions are urgently sought. Although IgG2 antibodies are generally more efficient than IgG1 antibodies in Fc-mediated effector functions, it is not yet clear which IgG isotypes show superior cross-protection against heterologous strains. It also remains unclear whether these IgG isotypes interfere with each other's protective effects. Here, we found that influenza split vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum salts, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG1, did not confer cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. In contrast, split vaccine adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG2, showed cross-protection through the interaction of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 and alveolar macrophages, indicating the importance of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 for cross-protection. Furthermore, by using serum samples from immunized mice and isolated polyclonal antibodies, we show that vaccine-induced cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG1 suppress the cross-protective effects of IgG2 by competitively inhibiting the binding of IgG2 to virus. Thus, we demonstrate the new concept that cross-reactive IgG1 may interfere with the potential for cross-protection of influenza vaccine. We propose that adjuvants that selectively induce virus-specific IgG2 in mice, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, are optimal for heterologous protection.IMPORTANCE Current influenza vaccines are generally effective against highly similar virus strains by inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, these antibodies fail to neutralize antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains and therefore provide limited protection against them. Efforts are being made to develop vaccines with cross-protective ability that would protect broadly against heterologous strains, because the mismatch between predicted and epidemic strains cannot always be avoided, resulting in low vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that nonneutralizing IgG2 antibodies induced by an optimal adjuvant play a crucial role in cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. Furthermore, nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG1 suppressed the cross-protective effects of nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG2 by competitively blocking the binding of IgG2 to its antigen. These data shed new light on the importance of IgG isotypes and the selection of appropriate adjuvants for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Furthermore, our findings are applicable to the rational design of vaccines against other pathogens.
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22
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Vanderven HA, Barr I, Reynaldi A, Wheatley AK, Wines BD, Davenport MP, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ. Fc functional antibody responses to adjuvanted versus unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination in community-dwelling older adults. Vaccine 2020; 38:2368-2377. [PMID: 32035709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza vaccination with a standard trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) induces a modest, and cross-reactive, Fc functional antibody response in older adults. Recent improvements to influenza vaccines include a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) and a TIV adjuvanted with the squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion MF59. METHODS Pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from older adults vaccinated with QIV (n = 27) and adjuvanted TIV (n = 44) were studied using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays and dimeric Fc-gamma receptor IIIa binding ELISAs, as a surrogate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). RESULTS We found that the unadjuvanted QIV elicited a stronger HAI response against the H1N1 vaccine virus than the adjuvanted TIV. Post-vaccination levels of HA-specific ADCC antibodies were similar for older adults vaccinated with QIV and adjuvanted TIV. The ADCC response to influenza vaccination was largely determined by pre-vaccination or baseline levels of these antibodies, with older adults with low baseline levels of ADCC activity demonstrating greater post-vaccination rises. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of community-dwelling older adults, the QIV was at least as good as the adjuvanted TIV in the induction of ADCC and HAI responses. Further studies on how these antibody responses translate to efficacy in preventing influenza infections are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Vanderven
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia.
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23
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Vanderven HA, Kent SJ. The protective potential of Fc-mediated antibody functions against influenza virus and other viral pathogens. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:253-263. [PMID: 31914207 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in utilizing antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) functions to prevent and control viral infections. The protective and therapeutic potential of Fc-mediated antibody functions have been assessed for some clinically important human viruses, including HIV, hemorrhagic fever viruses and influenza virus. There is mounting evidence that influenza-specific antibodies with Fc-mediated functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, can aid in the clearance of influenza virus infection. Recent influenza challenge studies and intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy studies in humans suggest a protective role for Fc effector functions in vivo. Broadly reactive influenza antibodies with Fc-mediated functions are prevalent in the human population and could inform the development of a universally protective influenza vaccine or therapy. In this review, we explore the utility of antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions against viral infections with a focus on influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Vanderven
- Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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24
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Goodier MR, Wolf AS, Riley EM. Differentiation and adaptation of natural killer cells for anti-malarial immunity. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:25-37. [PMID: 31762040 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells employ a diverse arsenal of effector mechanisms to target intracellular pathogens. Differentiation of natural killer (NK) cell activation pathways occurs along a continuum from reliance on innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-induced host ligands through to interaction with signals derived from acquired immune responses. Importantly, the degree of functional differentiation of the NK cell lineage influences the magnitude and specificity of interactions with host cells infected with viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Individual humans possess a vast diversity of distinct NK cell clones, each with the capacity to vary along this functional differentiation pathway, which - when combined - results in unique individual responses to different infections. Here we summarize these NK cell differentiation events, review evidence for direct interaction of malaria-infected host cells with NK cells and assess how innate inflammatory signals induced by malaria parasite-associated molecular patterns influence the indirect activation and function of NK cells. Finally, we discuss evidence that anti-malarial immunity develops in parallel with advancing NK differentiation, coincident with a loss of reliance on inflammatory signals, and a refined capacity of NK cells to target malaria parasites more precisely, particularly through antibody-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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25
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Florek K, Mutschler J, McLean HQ, King JP, Flannery B, Belongia EA, Friedrich TC. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody responses to inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccination in children during 2014-15. Vaccine 2019; 38:2088-2094. [PMID: 31753674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza vaccines aim to induce strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. Non-neutralizing antibodies may be more broadly cross-reactive and still protect through mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Influenza vaccines may stimulate ADCC antibodies in adults, but whether they do so in children is unknown. Here we examined how vaccination affects cross-reactive ADCC antibody responses in children after receipt of inactivated trivalent vaccine (IIV3) or quadrivalent live-attenuated vaccine (LAIV4). METHODS Children aged 5-17 were recruited in fall 2014 to provide pre- and post-vaccination serum samples. Children aged 5-9 received LAIV4 based on then-current recommendation, and older children were randomly assigned to IIV3 or LAIV4. We used microtiter-plate-based flow cytometry with an NK cell line to examine ADCC antibody responses to the 2014-15 H3N2 vaccine component (A/Texas/50/2012 [TX12]) and a drifted strain, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (SW13). Responses were stratified by two-season (2013-14 and 2014-15) vaccine sequence. RESULTS Eighty-five children received LAIV4 and 45 received IIV3. Prevaccination ADCC activity was highest in children who had received any vaccine in the prior season. Increase in ADCC antibody responses against the vaccine strain TX12 following vaccination was greatest for participants who received IIV3 in 2014-15 and LAIV4 in the prior season (geometric mean fold rise [MFR] = 1.6, 95% CI. 1.23-2.11). This group also had a detectable ADCC response to the drifted SW13 strain. There was a modest ADCC response against SW13 in LAIV4 recipients who were unvaccinated in the previous season (MFR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.25). There were no significant changes in 2014-15 ADCC response to vaccination among children who had received IIV3 in 2013-14. CONCLUSIONS Vaccinating children with IIV3 after prior receipt of LAIV4 generated a modest increase in ADCC antibodies, including some cross-reactivity with an emerging drift variant. Other vaccine-induced ADCC responses were minimal and not affected by vaccine type or sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Florek
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI 53714, USA
| | - James Mutschler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Huong Q McLean
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield 54449, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer P King
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield 54449, WI, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta 30333, GA, USA
| | - Edward A Belongia
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield 54449, WI, USA.
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes past and ongoing efforts for using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of influenza, and is focused on products that have entered clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS At least three polyclonal and eight monoclonal antibody products have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of influenza. Considered across the two classes of therapeutics, these products appear to be safe and well tolerated. However, the efficacy results have been mixed and inconclusive. To date, no products have consistently shown superiority to currently available antivirals. SUMMARY No products within these two classes have been licensed, and several products appear to have stopped further clinical development. There are several ongoing studies that are anticipated to be completed or reported in the next 1-2 years which will be critical for understanding the value of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of influenza.
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27
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Lopez E, Scott NE, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Low pH Exposure During Immunoglobulin G Purification Methods Results in Aggregates That Avidly Bind Fcγ Receptors: Implications for Measuring Fc Dependent Antibody Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2415. [PMID: 31681303 PMCID: PMC6797627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the biophysical and functional nature of IgG is key to defining correlates of protection in infectious disease, and autoimmunity research cohorts, as well as vaccine efficacy trials. These studies often require small quantities of IgG to be purified from plasma for downstream analysis with high throughput immunoaffinity formats which elute IgG at low-pH, such as Protein G and Protein A. Herein we sought to compare Protein G purification of IgG with an immunoaffinity method which elutes at physiological pH (Melon Gel). Critical factors impacting Fc functionality with the potential to significantly influence FcγR binding, such as IgG subclass distribution, N-glycosylation, aggregation, and IgG conformational changes were investigated and compared. We observed that transient exposure of IgG to the low-pH elution buffer, used during the Protein G purification process, artificially enhanced recognition of Fcγ Receptors (FcγRs) as demonstrated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), FcγR dimer ELISA, and a functional cell-based assay. Furthermore, low-pH exposed IgG caused conformational changes resulting in increased aggregation and hydrophobicity; factors likely to contribute to the observed enhanced interaction with FcγRs. These results highlight that methods employed to purify IgG can significantly alter FcγR-binding behavior and biological activity and suggest that the IgG purification approach selected may be a previously overlooked factor contributing to the poor reproducibility across current assays employed to evaluate Fc-mediated antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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28
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Billings H, Wines BD, Dyer WB, Center RJ, Trist HM, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM. Boosting of Markers of Fcγ Receptor Function in Anti-HIV Antibodies During Structured Treatment Interruption. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:842-852. [PMID: 31288562 PMCID: PMC6735329 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-HIV envelope (Env) antibodies elicit important Fc receptor functions, including FcγRIIIa-mediated natural killer cell killing of opsonized infected targets. How these antibodies evolve during HIV infection and treatment remains poorly understood. We describe changes in anti-HIV Env IgG using longitudinal samples from seroconverter subjects treated soon after infection and later during periods of structured treatment interruption (STI). Our well-validated dimeric rsFcγR binding assays combine effects of opsonizing antibody subclasses, epitopes, and geometries to provide a measure of FcγR (Fcγ receptor)-mediated functionality. IgG1 anti-Env titers diminished rapidly during antiretroviral therapy (ART; t1/2 3.0 ± 0.8 months), while the dimeric rsFcγRIIIa activity persisted longer (t1/2 33 ± 11 months), suggesting that there is maintenance of functional antibody specificities within the diminished pool of anti-HIV Env Abs. The initial antibody response to infection in two subjects was characterized by approximately fivefold higher FcγRIIIa compared with FcγRIIa binding activity. Uncoupling of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa activities may be a distinct feature of the early antibody response that preferentially engages FcγRIIIa-mediated effector functions. Two to three STI cycles, even with low viremia, were sufficient to boost dimeric FcγR activity in these seroconverter subjects. We hypothesize that increased humoral immunity induced by STI is a desirable functional outcome potentially achievable by therapeutic immunization during ART. We conclude that controlled viral antigen exposure under the protection of suppressive ART may be effective in eliciting FcγR-dependent function in support of viral reactivation and kill strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Billings
- Immune Therapies Group, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne B. Dyer
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert J. Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Disease Elimination, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Halina M. Trist
- Immune Therapies Group, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Disease Elimination, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Shah NM, Imami N, Kelleher P, Barclay WS, Johnson MR. Pregnancy-related immune suppression leads to altered influenza vaccine recall responses. Clin Immunol 2019; 208:108254. [PMID: 31470087 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a risk factor for severe influenza infection. Despite achieving seroprotective antibody titres post immunisation fewer pregnant women experience a reduction in influenza-like illness compared to non-pregnant cohorts. This may be due to the effects that immune-modulation in pregnancy has on vaccine efficacy leading to a less favourable immunologic response. To understand this, we investigated the antigen-specific cellular responses and leukocyte phenotype in pregnant and non-pregnant women who achieved seroprotection post immunisation. We show that pregnancy is associated with better antigen-specific inflammatory (IFN-γ) responses and an expansion of central memory T cells (Tcm) post immunisation, but low-level pregnancy-related immune regulation (HLA-G, PIBF) and associated reduced B-cell antibody maintenance (TGF-β) suggest poor immunologic responses compared to the non-pregnant. Thus far, studies of influenza vaccine immunogenicity have focused on the induction of antibodies but understanding additional vaccine-related cellular responses is needed to fully appreciate how pregnancy impacts on vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishel M Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nesrina Imami
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kelleher
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
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30
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Lee JM, Eguia R, Zost SJ, Choudhary S, Wilson PC, Bedford T, Stevens-Ayers T, Boeckh M, Hurt AC, Lakdawala SS, Hensley SE, Bloom JD. Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin. eLife 2019; 8:e49324. [PMID: 31452511 PMCID: PMC6711711 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A longstanding question is how influenza virus evolves to escape human immunity, which is polyclonal and can target many distinct epitopes. Here, we map how all amino-acid mutations to influenza's major surface protein affect viral neutralization by polyclonal human sera. The serum of some individuals is so focused that it selects single mutations that reduce viral neutralization by over an order of magnitude. However, different viral mutations escape the sera of different individuals. This individual-to-individual variation in viral escape mutations is not present among ferrets that have been infected just once with a defined viral strain. Our results show how different single mutations help influenza virus escape the immunity of different members of the human population, a phenomenon that could shape viral evolution and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhye M Lee
- Basic Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Rachel Eguia
- Basic Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Seth J Zost
- Department of MicrobiologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Saket Choudhary
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of MedicineSection of Rheumatology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Terry Stevens-Ayers
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Seema S Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsSchool of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of MicrobiologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteSeattleUnited States
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31
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Von Holle TA, Moody MA. Influenza and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1457. [PMID: 31316510 PMCID: PMC6611398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of yearly vaccinations, influenza continues to cause seasonal, and pandemic rises in illness and death. An error prone replication mechanism results in antigenic drift and viral escape from immune pressure, and recombination results in antigenic shift that can rapidly move through populations that lack immunity to newly emergent strains. The development of a “universal” vaccine is a high priority and many strategies have been proposed, but our current understanding of influenza immunity is incomplete making the development of better influenza vaccines challenging. Influenza immunity has traditionally been measured by neutralization of virions and hemagglutination inhibition, but in recent years there has been a growing appreciation of other responses that can contribute to protection such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that can kill influenza-infected cells. ADCC has been shown to provide cross-strain protection and to assist in viral clearance, making it an attractive target for “universal” vaccine designs. Here we provide a brief overview of the current state of influenza research that leverages “the other end of the antibody.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarra A Von Holle
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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32
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Boudreau CM, Alter G. Extra-Neutralizing FcR-Mediated Antibody Functions for a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:440. [PMID: 30949165 PMCID: PMC6436086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibody titers measured by hemagglutination inhibition have been proposed as a correlate of protection following influenza vaccination, neutralization alone is a modest predictor of protection against seasonal influenza. Instead, emerging data point to a critical role for additional extra-neutralizing functions of antibodies in protection from infection. Specifically, beyond binding and neutralization, antibodies mediate a variety of additional immune functions via their ability to recruit and deploy innate immune effector function. Along these lines, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-mediated macrophage phagocytosis and activation, antibody-driven neutrophil activation, antibody-dependent complement deposition, and non-classical Fc-receptor antibody trafficking have all been implicated in protection from influenza infection. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which the immune system actively tunes antibody functionality to drive protective immunity has been poorly characterized. Here we review the data related to Fc-effector functional protection from influenza and discuss prospects to leverage this humoral immune activity for the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard Ph.D. Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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33
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Montomoli E. The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1021-1030. [PMID: 30614754 PMCID: PMC6605831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1565269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines are a fundamental tool for preventing the disease and reducing its consequences, particularly in specific high-risk groups. In order to be licensed, influenza vaccines have to meet strict criteria established by European Medicines Agency. Although the licensure of influenza vaccines started 65 years ago, Hemagglutination Inhibition and Single Radial Hemolysis are the only serological assays that can ascertain correlates of protection. However, they present evident limitations. The present review focuses on the evaluation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which plays an important role in the host immune response in protecting against virus-related illness and in the establishment of long-term immunological memory. Although correlates of protection are not currently available for CMI, it would be advisable to investigate this kind of immunological response for the evaluation of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Torelli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - E Montomoli
- a VisMederi srl , Siena , Italy.,c Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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34
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Plotkin SA. The Influenza Vaccine Mess. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:178-180. [PMID: 29982613 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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35
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The Potential Role of Fc-Receptor Functions in the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020027. [PMID: 29772781 PMCID: PMC6027188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite global vaccination efforts, influenza virus continues to cause yearly epidemics and periodic pandemics throughout most of the world. Many of us consider the generation of broader, potent and long-lasting immunity against influenza viruses as critical in curtailing the global health and economic impact that influenza currently plays. To date, classical vaccinology has relied on the generation of neutralizing antibodies as the benchmark to measure vaccine effectiveness. However, recent developments in numerous related fields of biomedical research including, HIV, HSV and DENV have emphasized the importance of Fc-mediate effector functions in pathogenesis and immunity. The concept of Fc effector functions in contributing to protection from illness is not a new concept and has been investigated in the field for over four decades. However, in recent years the application and study of Fc effector functions has become revitalized with new knowledge and technologies to characterize their potential importance in immunity. In this perspective, we describe the current state of the field of Influenza Fc effector functions and discuss its potential utility in universal vaccine design in the future.
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