1
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Boyes ED, Gai PL. Visualizing Dynamic Single Atom Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314121. [PMID: 38757873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Many industrial chemical processes, including for producing fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and environmental controls, employ heterogeneous solid state catalysts at elevated temperatures in gas or liquid environments. Dynamic reactions at the atomic level play a critical role in catalyst stability and functionality. In situ visualization and analysis of atomic-scale processes in real time under controlled reaction environments can provide important insights into practical frameworks to improve catalytic processes and materials. This review focuses on innovative real time in situ electron microscopy (EM) methods, including recent progress in analytical in situ environmental (scanning) transmission EM (E(STEM), incorporating environmental scanning TEM (ESTEM) and environmental transmission EM (ETEM), with single atom resolution for visualizing and analysing dynamic single atom catalysis under controlled flowing gas reaction environments. ESTEM studies of single atom dynamics of reactions, and of sintering deactivation, contribute to a better-informed understanding of the yield and stability of catalyst operations. Advances in in situ technologies, including gas and liquid sample holders, nanotomography, and higher voltages, as well as challenges and opportunities in tracking reacting atoms, are highlighted. The findings show that the understanding and application of fundamental processes in catalysis can be improved, with valuable economic, environmental, and societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Boyes
- The York Nanocentre, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pratibha L Gai
- The York Nanocentre, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Smith JW, Carnevale LN, Das A, Chen Q. Electron videography of a lipid-protein tango. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0217. [PMID: 38630809 PMCID: PMC11023515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biological phenomena, from enzymatic catalysis to synaptic transmission, originate in the structural transformations of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies in liquid water. However, directly imaging these nanoscopic dynamics without probes or labels has been a fundamental methodological challenge. Here, we developed an approach for "electron videography"-combining liquid phase electron microscopy with molecular modeling-with which we filmed the nanoscale structural fluctuations of individual, suspended, and unlabeled membrane protein nanodiscs in liquid. Systematic comparisons with biochemical data and simulation indicate the graphene encapsulation involved can afford sufficiently reduced effects of the illuminating electron beam for these observations to yield quantitative fingerprints of nanoscale lipid-protein interactions. Our results suggest that lipid-protein interactions delineate dynamically modified membrane domains across unexpectedly long ranges. Moreover, they contribute to the molecular mechanics of the nanodisc as a whole in a manner specific to the protein within. Overall, this work illustrates an experimental approach to film, quantify, and understand biomolecular dynamics at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N. Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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3
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Vigil SA, Moreno-Hernandez IA. Dissolution Heterogeneity Observed in Anisotropic Ruthenium Dioxide Nanocrystals via Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38597585 PMCID: PMC11048125 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal oxides such as ruthenium dioxide are highly active electrocatalysts for anodic reactions in acidic electrolytes, but dissolution during electrochemical operation impedes wide-scale applications in renewable energy technologies. Improving the fundamental understanding of the dissolution dynamics of application-relevant morphologies such as nanocrystals is critical for the grid-scale implementation of these materials. Herein, we report the nanoscale heterogeneity observed via liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy during ruthenium dioxide nanocrystal dissolution under oxidizing conditions. Single-crystalline ruthenium dioxide nanocrystals enabled the direct observation of dissolution along different crystallographic facets, allowing an unprecedented direct comparison of crystal facet stability. The nanoscale observations revealed substantial heterogeneity in the relative stability of crystallographic facets across different nanocrystals, attributed to the nanoscale strains present in these crystals. These findings highlight the importance of nanoscale heterogeneity in determining macroscale properties such as electrocatalyst stability and provide a characterization methodology that can be integrated into next-generation electrocatalyst discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Avery Vigil
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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4
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Baig MMFA, Wong LK, Zia AW, Wu H. Development of biomedical hydrogels for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100887. [PMID: 38419762 PMCID: PMC10900807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that hinders the normal functioning of bones and joints and reduces the quality of human life. Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with RA worldwide, particularly among elderly individuals and women. Therefore, there is a global need to develop new biomaterials, medicines and therapeutic methods for treating RA. This will improve the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and also relieve administrative and financial burdens on healthcare service providers at a global scale. Hydrogels are soft and cross-linked polymeric materials that can store a chunk of fluids, drugs and biomolecules for hydration and therapeutic applications. Hydrogels are biocompatible and exhibit excellent mechanical properties, such as providing elastic cushions to articulating joints by mimicking the natural synovial fluid. Hence, hydrogels create a natural biological environment within the synovial cavity to reduce autoimmune reactions and friction. Hydrogels also lubricate the articulating joint surfaces to prevent degradation of synovial surfaces of bones and cartilage, thus exhibiting high potential for treating RA. This work reviews the progress in injectable and implantable hydrogels, synthesis methods, types of drugs, advantages and challenges. Additionally, it discusses the role of hydrogels in targeted drug delivery, mechanistic behaviour and tribological performance for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Ki Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Abdul Wasy Zia
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Wietfeldt H, Meana-Pañeda R, Machello C, Reboul CF, Van CTS, Kim S, Heo J, Kim BH, Kang S, Ercius P, Park J, Elmlund H. Small, solubilized platinum nanocrystals consist of an ordered core surrounded by mobile surface atoms. Commun Chem 2024; 7:4. [PMID: 38172567 PMCID: PMC10764312 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ structures of Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) can be determined with graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Atomic-scale three-dimensional structural information about their physiochemical properties in solution is critical for understanding their chemical function. We here analyze eight atomic-resolution maps of small (<3 nm) colloidal Pt NPs. Their structures are composed of an ordered crystalline core surrounded by surface atoms with comparatively high mobility. 3D reconstructions calculated from cumulative doses of 8500 and 17,000 electrons/pixel, respectively, are characterized in terms of loss of atomic densities and atomic displacements. Less than 5% of the total number of atoms are lost due to dissolution or knock-on damage in five of the structures analyzed, whereas 10-16% are lost in the remaining three. Less than 5% of the atomic positions are displaced due to the increased electron irradiation in all structures. The surface dynamics will play a critical role in the diverse catalytic function of Pt NPs and must be considered in efforts to model Pt NP function computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wietfeldt
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rubén Meana-Pañeda
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chiara Machello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cyril F Reboul
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Cong T S Van
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sungin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hans Elmlund
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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6
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Zhao Y, Wen H, Yang Y, Dong J, Feng W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Liu C. A STEM tomographic multiplication nano-moiré method. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18762-18774. [PMID: 37955185 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction optoelectronic technology has extensive applications in modern optoelectronics. The lattice quality and mismatch strain near the heterojunction interface significantly affect the photoelectric performance of a photoelectronic device. Therefore, accurately characterizing the internal three-dimensional (3D) strain at the interface in a large field is essential to evaluate the heterojunction optoelectronic device quality. Here, we propose a tomographic multiplication nano-moiré method for internal 3D strain measurements in a large field. This method operates by combining the depth sectioning technique of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with the multiplication moiré method. A mutual overlapping analytical method based on spherical aberration correction is adopted in 3D reconstruction to achieve the nanometer resolution in the depth direction. The developed method overcomes the small measurement field of view (FOV) limitation of the conventional transmission electron microscope and provides high resolution and a large measurement volume, potentially facilitating the evaluation of the large-scale 3D internal lattice quality and strain field characterization. Using the proposed method, the 3D distribution of dislocations and strain fields in the [011] direction at the heterojunction interface of the InP/InGaAs nanomaterial is intuitively, clearly, and comprehensively revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huihui Wen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yang Yang
- AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hongye Zhang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanwei Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Chen A, Dissanayake TU, Sun J, Woehl TJ. Unraveling chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis with liquid phase electron microscopy and correlative techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12830-12846. [PMID: 37807847 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) has enabled unprecedented direct real time imaging of physicochemical processes during solution phase synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. LPTEM primarily provides images of nanometer scale, and sometimes atomic scale, metal nanoparticle crystallization processes, but provides little chemical information about organic surface ligands, metal-ligand complexes and reaction intermediates, and redox reactions. Likewise, complex electron beam-solvent interactions during LPTEM make it challenging to pinpoint the chemical processes, some involving exotic highly reactive radicals, impacting nanoparticle formation. Pairing LPTEM with correlative solution synthesis, ex situ chemical analysis, and theoretical modeling represents a powerful approach to gain a holistic understanding of the chemical processes involved in nanoparticle synthesis. In this feature article, we review recent work by our lab and others that has focused on elucidating chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis using LPTEM and correlative chemical characterization and modeling, including mass and optical spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, solution chemistry, and reaction kinetic modeling. In particular, we show how these approaches enable investigating redox chemistry during LPTEM, polymeric and organic capping ligands, metal deposition mechanisms on plasmonic nanoparticles, metal clusters and complexes, and multimetallic nanoparticle formation. Future avenues of research are discussed, including moving beyond electron beam induced nanoparticle formation by using light and thermal stimuli during LPTEM. We discuss prospects for real time LPTEM imaging and online chemical analysis of reaction intermediates using microfluidic flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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8
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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9
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Crook MF, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Ondry JC, Ciston J, Bustillo KC, Vargas A, Alivisatos AP. EELS Studies of Cerium Electrolyte Reveal Substantial Solute Concentration Effects in Graphene Liquid Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6648-6657. [PMID: 36939571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy is a powerful technique to visualize nanoscale dynamics and transformations at atomic resolution. However, the solution in liquid cells is known to be affected by radiolysis, and the stochastic formation of graphene liquid cells raises questions about the solution chemistry in individual pockets. In this study, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to evaluate a model encapsulated solution, aqueous CeCl3. First, the ratio between the O K-edge and Ce M-edge was used to approximate the concentration of cerium salt in the graphene liquid cell. It was determined that the ratio between oxygen and cerium was orders of magnitude lower than what is expected for a dilute solution, indicating that the encapsulated solution is highly concentrated. To probe how this affects the chemistry within graphene liquid cells, the oxidation of Ce3+ was measured using time-resolved parallel EELS. It was determined that Ce3+ oxidizes faster under high electron fluxes, but reaches the same steady-state Ce4+ concentration regardless of flux. The time-resolved concentration profiles enabled direct comparison to radiolysis models, which indicate rate constants and g-values of certain molecular species are substantially different in the highly concentrated environment. Finally, electron flux-dependent gold nanocrystal etching trajectories showed that gold nanocrystals etch faster at higher electron fluxes, correlating well with the Ce3+ oxidation kinetics. Understanding the effects of the highly concentrated solution in graphene liquid cells will provide new insight on previous studies and may open up opportunities to systematically study systems in highly concentrated solutions at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfred Vargas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Ma H, Kim D, Park SI, Choi BK, Park G, Baek H, Lee H, Kim H, Yu J, Lee WC, Park J, Yang J. Direct Observation of Off-Stoichiometry-Induced Phase Transformation of 2D CdSe Quantum Nanosheets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205690. [PMID: 36638252 PMCID: PMC9982559 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures determine material properties, suggesting that crystal phase transformations have the potential for application in a variety of systems and devices. Phase transitions are more likely to occur in smaller crystals; however, in quantum-sized semiconductor nanocrystals, the microscopic mechanisms by which phase transitions occur are not well understood. Herein, the phase transformation of 2D CdSe quantum nanosheets caused by off-stoichiometry is revealed, and the progress of the transformation is directly observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The initial hexagonal wurtzite-CdSe nanosheets with atomically uniform thickness are transformed into cubic zinc blende-CdSe nanosheets. A combined experimental and theoretical study reveals that electron-beam irradiation can change the stoichiometry of the nanosheets, thereby triggering phase transformation. The loss of Se atoms induces the reconstruction of surface atoms, driving the transformation from wurtzite-CdSe(11 2 ¯ $\bar{2}$ 0) to zinc blende-CdSe(001) 2D nanocrystals. Furthermore, during the phase transformation, unconventional dynamic phenomena occur, including domain separation. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the phase transformations in 2D quantum-sized semiconductor nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjong Ma
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ik Park
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Gisang Park
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hyocheol Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseoung Kim
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Sung Yu
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chul Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringBK21 FOUR ERICA‐ACE CenterHanyang UniversityAnsanGyeonggi15588Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering ResearchCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16229Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
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11
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Purwidyantri A, Azinheiro S, García Roldán A, Jaegerova T, Vilaça A, Machado R, Cerqueira MF, Borme J, Domingues T, Martins M, Alpuim P, Prado M. Integrated Approach from Sample-to-Answer for Grapevine Varietal Identification on a Portable Graphene Sensor Chip. ACS Sens 2023; 8:640-654. [PMID: 36657739 PMCID: PMC9973367 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying grape varieties in wine, related products, and raw materials is of great interest for enology and to ensure its authenticity. However, these matrices' complexity and low DNA content make this analysis particularly challenging. Integrating DNA analysis with 2D materials, such as graphene, offers an advantageous pathway toward ultrasensitive DNA detection. Here, we show that monolayer graphene provides an optimal test bed for nucleic acid detection with single-base resolution. Graphene's ultrathinness creates a large surface area with quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction that, upon functionalization, provides multiple sites for DNA immobilization and efficient detection. Its highly conjugated electronic structure, high carrier mobility, zero-energy band gap with the associated gating effect, and chemical inertness explain graphene's superior performance. For the first time, we present a DNA-based analytic tool for grapevine varietal discrimination using an integrated portable biosensor based on a monolayer graphene field-effect transistor array. The system comprises a wafer-scale fabricated graphene chip operated under liquid gating and connected to a miniaturized electronic readout. The platform can distinguish closely related grapevine varieties, thanks to specific DNA probes immobilized on the sensor, demonstrating high specificity even for discriminating single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which is hard to achieve with a classical end-point polymerase chain reaction or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensor was operated in ultralow DNA concentrations, with a dynamic range of 1 aM to 0.1 nM and an attomolar detection limit of ∼0.19 aM. The reported biosensor provides a promising way toward developing decentralized analytical tools for tracking wine authenticity at different points of the food value chain, enabling data transmission and contributing to the digitalization of the agro-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Purwidyantri
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Aitor García Roldán
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Tereza Jaegerova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Prague166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Vilaça
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Rofer Machado
- Centre
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Cerqueira
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Borme
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Telma Domingues
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marco Martins
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alpuim
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
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12
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Heo J, Kim D, Choi H, Kim S, Chun H, Reboul CF, Van CTS, Elmlund D, Choi S, Kim K, Park Y, Elmlund H, Han B, Park J. Method for 3D atomic structure determination of multi-element nanoparticles with graphene liquid-cell TEM. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1814. [PMID: 36725868 PMCID: PMC9892495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the 3D atomic structures of multi-element nanoparticles in their native liquid environment is crucial to understanding their physicochemical properties. Graphene liquid cell (GLC) TEM offers a platform to directly investigate nanoparticles in their solution phase. Moreover, exploiting high-resolution TEM images of single rotating nanoparticles in GLCs, 3D atomic structures of nanoparticles are reconstructed by a method called "Brownian one-particle reconstruction". We here introduce a 3D atomic structure determination method for multi-element nanoparticle systems. The method, which is based on low-pass filtration and initial 3D model generation customized for different types of multi-element systems, enables reconstruction of high-resolution 3D Coulomb density maps for ordered and disordered multi-element systems and classification of the heteroatom type. Using high-resolution image datasets obtained from TEM simulations of PbSe, CdSe, and FePt nanoparticles that are structurally relaxed with first-principles calculations in the graphene liquid cell, we show that the types and positions of the constituent atoms are precisely determined with root mean square displacement values less than 24 pm. Our study suggests that it is possible to investigate the 3D atomic structures of synthesized multi-element nanoparticles in liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Heo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoje Chun
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril F. Reboul
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Cong T. S. Van
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Dominika Elmlund
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Soonmi Choi
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Younggil Park
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Elmlund
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Byungchan Han
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
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13
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Bonagiri LKS, Panse KS, Zhou S, Wu H, Aluru NR, Zhang Y. Real-Space Charge Density Profiling of Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces with Angstrom Depth Resolution. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19594-19604. [PMID: 36351178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and depletion of charges at electrode-electrolyte interfaces is crucial for all types of electrochemical processes. However, the spatial profile of such interfacial charges remains largely elusive. Here we develop charge profiling three-dimensional (3D) atomic force microscopy (CP-3D-AFM) to experimentally quantify the real-space charge distribution of the electrode surface and electric double layers (EDLs) with angstrom depth resolution. We first measure the 3D force maps at different electrode potentials using our recently developed electrochemical 3D-AFM. Through statistical analysis, peak deconvolution, and electrostatic calculations, we derive the depth profile of the local charge density. We perform such charge profiling for two types of emergent electrolytes, ionic liquids, and highly concentrated aqueous solutions, observe pronounced sub-nanometer charge variations, and find the integrated charge densities to agree with those derived from macroscopic electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalith Krishna Samanth Bonagiri
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Kaustubh S Panse
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Shan Zhou
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Haiyi Wu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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14
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Differences in water and vapor transport through angstrom-scale pores in atomically thin membranes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6709. [PMID: 36344569 PMCID: PMC9640652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of water through nanoscale capillaries/pores plays a prominent role in biology, ionic/molecular separations, water treatment and protective applications. However, the mechanisms of water and vapor transport through nanoscale confinements remain to be fully understood. Angstrom-scale pores (~2.8-6.6 Å) introduced into the atomically thin graphene lattice represent ideal model systems to probe water transport at the molecular-length scale with short pores (aspect ratio ~1-1.9) i.e., pore diameters approach the pore length (~3.4 Å) at the theoretical limit of material thickness. Here, we report on orders of magnitude differences (~80×) between transport of water vapor (~44.2-52.4 g m-2 day-1 Pa-1) and liquid water (0.6-2 g m-2 day-1 Pa-1) through nanopores (~2.8-6.6 Å in diameter) in monolayer graphene and rationalize this difference via a flow resistance model in which liquid water permeation occurs near the continuum regime whereas water vapor transport occurs in the free molecular flow regime. We demonstrate centimeter-scale atomically thin graphene membranes with up to an order of magnitude higher water vapor transport rate (~5.4-6.1 × 104 g m-2 day-1) than most commercially available ultra-breathable protective materials while effectively blocking even sub-nanometer (>0.66 nm) model ions/molecules.
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15
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Electronic interactions and stability issues at the copper-graphene interface in air and in alkaline solution under electrochemical control. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Lee C, Huang M, Luo D, Jang JE, Park C, Kang S, Ruoff RS, Jin S, Lee HW. Using Single-Crystal Graphene to Form Arrays of Nanocapsules Enabling the Observation of Light Elements in Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7423-7431. [PMID: 36044736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and fabricated a TEM (transmission electron microscopy) liquid cell with hundreds of graphene nanocapsules arranged in a stack of two Si3N4-x membranes. These graphene nanocapsules are formed on arrays of nanoholes patterned on the Si3N4-x membrane by focused ion beam milling, allowing for better resolution than for the conventional graphene liquid cells, which enables the observation of light elements, such as atomic structures of silicon. We suggest that multiple nanocapsules provide opportunities for consecutive imaging under the same conditions in a single liquid cell. The use of single-crystal graphene windows offers an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution. The motion of silicon nanoparticles (a low atomic number (Z) material) interacting with nanobubbles was observed, and analyzed, in detail. Our approach will help advance liquid-phase TEM observations by providing a straightforward method to encapsulate liquid between monolayers of various 2-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Da Luo
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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17
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Shalom BO, Andrés MA, Yu Y, Head AR, Eren B. Electrochemically controlled solid liquid interfaces probed with lab-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Tracking single adatoms in liquid in a transmission electron microscope. Nature 2022; 609:942-947. [PMID: 35896149 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Single atoms or ions on surfaces affect processes from nucleation1 to electrochemical reactions2 and heterogeneous catalysis3. Transmission electron microscopy is a leading approach for visualizing single atoms on a variety of substrates4,5. It conventionally requires high vacuum conditions, but has been developed for in situ imaging in liquid and gaseous environments6,7 with a combined spatial and temporal resolution that is unmatched by any other method-notwithstanding concerns about electron-beam effects on samples. When imaging in liquid using commercial technologies, electron scattering in the windows enclosing the sample and in the liquid generally limits the achievable resolution to a few nanometres6,8,9. Graphene liquid cells, on the other hand, have enabled atomic-resolution imaging of metal nanoparticles in liquids10. Here we show that a double graphene liquid cell, consisting of a central molybdenum disulfide monolayer separated by hexagonal boron nitride spacers from the two enclosing graphene windows, makes it possible to monitor, with atomic resolution, the dynamics of platinum adatoms on the monolayer in an aqueous salt solution. By imaging more than 70,000 single adatom adsorption sites, we compare the site preference and dynamic motion of the adatoms in both a fully hydrated and a vacuum state. We find a modified adsorption site distribution and higher diffusivities for the adatoms in the liquid phase compared with those in vacuum. This approach paves the way for in situ liquid-phase imaging of chemical processes with single-atom precision.
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19
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Zhong Y, Allen VR, Chen J, Wang Y, Ye X. Multistep Crystallization of Dynamic Nanoparticle Superlattices in Nonaqueous Solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14915-14922. [PMID: 35930659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization is a universal phenomenon underpinning many industrial and natural processes and is fundamental to chemistry and materials science. However, microscopic crystallization pathways of nanoparticle superlattices have been seldom studied mainly owing to the difficulty of real-time observation of individual self-assembling nanoparticles in solution. Here, using in situ electron microscopy, we directly image the full self-assembly pathway from dispersed nanoparticles into ordered superlattices in nonaqueous solution. We show that electron-beam irradiation controls nanoparticle mobility, and the solvent composition largely dictates interparticle interactions and assembly behaviors. We uncover a multistep crystallization pathway consisting of four distinct stages through multi-order-parameter analysis and visualize the formation, migration, and annihilation of multiple types of defects in nanoparticle superlattices. These findings open the door for achieving independent control over imaging conditions and nanoparticle assembly conditions and will enable further study of the microscopic kinetics of assembly and phase transition in nanocolloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vincent R Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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20
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Yuan B, Hua Z, Jia S, Lu Y, Shi E, Yu Y. Graphene protection improves the stability of two-dimensional halide perovskites under the electron irradiation. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3582-3588. [PMID: 35880591 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic halide perovskites undergoes fast structural collapse under the electron beam irradiation, hindering high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. Graphene protection is an effective solution to mitigate the damage of electron-beam irradiation and has been applied in 2D materials such as MoS2 . However, the effectivity of graphene protection has not been demonstrated in 2D halide perovskites yet, as traditional wet-transfer of graphene with aqueous solution would cause serious degradation for moisture-sensitive halide perovskites. Here, we verified that graphene protection plays a protection role and developed a method using nonpolar solvent to transfer the graphene layer atop the perovskite nanosheets. With this method, the perovskite nanosheets might be well protected by graphene encapsulation. HIGHLIGHTS: Transfer method of graphene on moisture-sensitive 2D halide perovskites using nonpolar solvents was developed. Graphene substrate is proven to be able to mitigate electron-beam damage to 2D halide perovskites. Encapsulation structure of graphene/halide perovskite/graphene was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunhan Jia
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Kelly DF, DiCecco LA, Jonaid GM, Dearnaley WJ, Spilman MS, Gray JL, Dressel-Dukes MJ. Liquid-EM goes viral - visualizing structure and dynamics. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102426. [PMID: 35868163 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-electron microscopy (EM), the room temperature correlate to cryo-EM, is an exciting new technique delivering real-time data of dynamic reactions in solution. Here, we explain how liquid-EM gained popularity in recent years by examining key experiments conducted on viral assemblies and host-pathogen interactions. We describe developing workflows for specimen preparation, data collection, and computing processes that led to the first high-resolution virus structures in a liquid environment. Equally important, we review why liquid-electron tomography may become the next big thing in biomedical research due to its ability to monitor live viruses entering cells within seconds. Taken together, we pose the idea that liquid-EM can serve as a dynamic complement to current cryo-EM methods, inspiring the "real-time revolution" in nanoscale imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah F Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. https://twitter.com/LizaDiCecco
| | - G M Jonaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - William J Dearnaley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. https://twitter.com/PennStateMRI
| | - Michael S Spilman
- Direct Electron, LP, San Diego, CA 92128, USA. https://twitter.com/DirectElectron
| | - Jennifer L Gray
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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22
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Hong J, Bae JH, Jo H, Park HY, Lee S, Hong SJ, Chun H, Cho MK, Kim J, Kim J, Son Y, Jin H, Suh JY, Kim SC, Roh HK, Lee KH, Kim HS, Chung KY, Yoon CW, Lee K, Kim SH, Ahn JP, Baik H, Kim GH, Han B, Jin S, Hyeon T, Park J, Son CY, Yang Y, Lee YS, Yoo SJ, Chun DW. Metastable hexagonal close-packed palladium hydride in liquid cell TEM. Nature 2022; 603:631-636. [PMID: 35322249 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastable phases-kinetically favoured structures-are ubiquitous in nature1,2. Rather than forming thermodynamically stable ground-state structures, crystals grown from high-energy precursors often initially adopt metastable structures depending on the initial conditions, such as temperature, pressure or crystal size1,3,4. As the crystals grow further, they typically undergo a series of transformations from metastable phases to lower-energy and ultimately energetically stable phases1,3,4. Metastable phases sometimes exhibit superior physicochemical properties and, hence, the discovery and synthesis of new metastable phases are promising avenues for innovations in materials science1,5. However, the search for metastable materials has mainly been heuristic, performed on the basis of experiences, intuition or even speculative predictions, namely 'rules of thumb'. This limitation necessitates the advent of a new paradigm to discover new metastable phases based on rational design. Such a design rule is embodied in the discovery of a metastable hexagonal close-packed (hcp) palladium hydride (PdHx) synthesized in a liquid cell transmission electron microscope. The metastable hcp structure is stabilized through a unique interplay between the precursor concentrations in the solution: a sufficient supply of hydrogen (H) favours the hcp structure on the subnanometre scale, and an insufficient supply of Pd inhibits further growth and subsequent transition towards the thermodynamically stable face-centred cubic structure. These findings provide thermodynamic insights into metastability engineering strategies that can be deployed to discover new metastable phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Hong
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Hwan Bae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesung Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Park
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehyun Lee
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, UIC, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoje Chun
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Cho
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongju Son
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haneul Jin
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yoo Suh
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyung Roh
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Yoon
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiryeong Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Pyoung Ahn
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Gyeung Ho Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungchan Han
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungho Jin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Young-Su Lee
- Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea. .,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Won Chun
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea. .,Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen L, Yi R, Peng B, Nie D, Zhang L, Shi G, Zhang S, Zhang L. Graphitic-like Hexagonal Phase of Alkali Halides in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Confined Space under Ambient Conditions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2046-2053. [PMID: 35137582 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of specific matter phases with abnormal physical properties in low-dimensional systems and/or on particular substrates, such as the hexagonal phase of ice and two-dimensional (2D) CaCl with an abnormal valence state, continuously reveals more fundamental mechanisms of the nature. Alkali halides, represented by NaCl, are one of the most common compounds and usually thought to be well-understood. In the past decades, many theoretical studies suggested the existence of one particular phase, that is, the graphitic-like hexagonal phase of alkali halides at high pressure or in low-dimension states, with the expectation of improved properties of this matter phase but lacking experimental evidence due to severe technical challenges. Here, by optimized cryo-electron microscopy, we report the direct atomic-resolution observation and in situ characterization of the prevalent and stable graphitic-like alkali halide hexagonal phases, which were spontaneously formed by unsaturated NaCl and LiCl solution, respectively, in the quasi-2D confined space between reduced graphene oxide layers under ambient conditions. Combined with a control experiment, density functional theory calculations, and previous theoretical studies, we believe that a delicate balance among the cation-π interaction of the solute and substrate, electrostatic interactions of anions and cations, solute-solvent interactions, and thermodynamics under confinement synergistically results in the formation of such hexagonal crystalline phases. These findings highlight the effects of the substrate and the confined space on the formation of specific matter phases and provide a universal scheme for the preparation of special graphitic-like hexagonal phases of alkali halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunzhang Li
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ruobing Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Bingquan Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dexi Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guosheng Shi
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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24
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Jonaid GM, Casasanta MA, Dearnaley WJ, Berry S, Kaylor L, Dressel-Dukes MJ, Spilman MS, Gray JL, Kelly DF. Automated Tools to Advance High-Resolution Imaging in Liquid. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-10. [PMID: 35048845 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-electron microscopy (EM), the room-temperature correlate to cryo-EM, is a rapidly growing field providing high-resolution insights of macromolecules in solution. Here, we describe how liquid-EM experiments can incorporate automated tools to propel the field to new heights. We demonstrate fresh workflows for specimen preparation, data collection, and computing processes to assess biological structures in liquid. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) were used as model systems to highlight the technical advances. These complexes were selected based on their major differences in size and natural symmetry. AAV is a highly symmetric, icosahedral assembly with a particle diameter of ~25 nm. At the other end of the spectrum, N protein is an asymmetric monomer or dimer with dimensions of approximately 5–7 nm, depending upon its oligomerization state. Equally important, both AAV and N protein are popular subjects in biomedical research due to their high value in vaccine development and therapeutic efforts against COVID-19. Overall, we demonstrate how automated practices in liquid-EM can be used to decode molecules of interest for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Jonaid
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Michael A Casasanta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - William J Dearnaley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Samantha Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Liam Kaylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Gray
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
| | - Deborah F Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
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25
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Stender P, Gault B, Schwarz TM, Woods EV, Kim SH, Ott J, Stephenson LT, Schmitz G, Freysoldt C, Kästner J, El-Zoka AA. Status and Direction of Atom Probe Analysis of Frozen Liquids. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-18. [PMID: 35039105 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of liquids and cryogenic biological materials by electron microscopy has been recently enabled by innovative approaches for specimen preparation and the fast development of optimized instruments for cryo-enabled electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Yet, cryo-EM typically lacks advanced analytical capabilities, in particular for light elements. With the development of protocols for frozen wet specimen preparation, atom probe tomography (APT) could advantageously complement insights gained by cryo-EM. Here, we report on different approaches that have been recently proposed to enable the analysis of relatively large volumes of frozen liquids from either a flat substrate or the fractured surface of a wire. Both allowed for analyzing water ice layers which are several micrometers thick consisting of pure water, pure heavy water, and aqueous solutions. We discuss the merits of both approaches and prospects for further developments in this area. Preliminary results raise numerous questions, in part concerning the physics underpinning field evaporation. We discuss these aspects and lay out some of the challenges regarding the APT analysis of frozen liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stender
- Institute of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim M Schwarz
- Institute of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric V Woods
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Ott
- Institute of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Guido Schmitz
- Institute of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ayman A El-Zoka
- Institute of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569Stuttgart, Germany
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26
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Baek W, Chang H, Bootharaju MS, Kim JH, Park S, Hyeon T. Recent Advances and Prospects in Colloidal Nanomaterials. JACS AU 2021; 1:1849-1859. [PMID: 34841404 PMCID: PMC8611664 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanomaterials of metals, metal oxides, and metal chalcogenides have attracted great attention in the past decade owing to their potential applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. Introduction of various synthetic routes has resulted in diverse colloidal nanostructured materials with well-controlled size, shape, and composition, enabling the systematic study of their intriguing physicochemical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties. Furthermore, developments in the instrumentation have offered valuable insights into the nucleation and growth mechanism of these nanomaterials, which are crucial in designing prospective materials with desired properties. In this perspective, recent advances in the colloidal synthesis and mechanism studies of nanomaterials of metal chalcogenides, metals, and metal oxides are discussed. In addition, challenges in the characterization and future direction of the colloidal nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonhyuk Baek
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Ribet SM, Murthy AA, Roth EW, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP. Making the Most of your Electrons: Challenges and Opportunities in Characterizing Hybrid Interfaces with STEM. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 50:100-115. [PMID: 35241968 PMCID: PMC8887695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the unique architectures composed of hard and soft materials in natural and biological systems, synthetic hybrid structures and associated soft-hard interfaces have recently evoked significant interest. Soft matter is typically dominated by fluctuations even at room temperature, while hard matter (which often serves as the substrate or anchor for the soft component) is governed by rigid mechanical behavior. This dichotomy offers considerable opportunities to leverage the disparate properties offered by these components across a wide spectrum spanning from basic science to engineering insights with significant technological overtones. Such hybrid structures, which include polymer nanocomposites, DNA functionalized nanoparticle superlattices and metal organic frameworks to name a few, have delivered promising insights into the areas of catalysis, environmental remediation, optoelectronics, medicine, and beyond. The interfacial structure between these hard and soft phases exists across a variety of length scales and often strongly influence the functionality of hybrid systems. While scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) has proven to be a valuable tool for acquiring intricate molecular and nanoscale details of these interfaces, the unusual nature of hybrid composites presents a suite of challenges that make assessing or establishing the classical structure-property relationships especially difficult. These include challenges associated with preparing electron-transparent samples and obtaining sufficient contrast to resolve the interface between dissimilar materials given the dose sensitivity of soft materials. We discuss each of these challenges and supplement a review of recent developments in the field with additional experimental investigations and simulations to present solutions for attaining a nano or atomic-level understanding of these interfaces. These solutions present a host of opportunities for investigating and understanding the role interfaces play in this unique class of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Eric W Roth
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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28
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What Is the Real State of Single-Atom Catalysts under Electrochemical Conditions—From Adsorption to Surface Pourbaix Plots? Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in single-atom catalysts (SACs) is increasing, as these materials have the ultimate level of catalyst utilization, while novel reactions where SACs are used are constantly being discovered. However, to properly understand SACs and to further improve these materials, it is necessary to consider the nature of active sites under operating conditions. This is particularly important when SACs are used as electrocatalysts due to harsh experimental conditions, including extreme pH values or high anodic and cathodic potential. In this contribution, density functional theory-based thermodynamic modelling is used to address the nature of metal centers in SACs formed by embedding single metal atoms (Ru, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au) into graphene monovacancy. Our results suggest that none of these SAC metal centers are clean at any potential or pH in the water thermodynamic stability region. Instead, metal centers are covered with Hads, OHads, or Oads, and in some cases, we observed the restructuring of the metal sites due to oxygen incorporation. Based on these findings, it is suggested that setting up theoretical models for SAC modelling and the interpretation of ex situ characterization results using ultra-high vacuum (UHV) techniques requires special care, as the nature of SAC active sites under operating conditions can significantly diverge from the basic models or the pictures set by the UHV measurements.
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29
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Serafin F, Lu J, Kotov N, Sun K, Mao X. Frustrated self-assembly of non-Euclidean crystals of nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4925. [PMID: 34389712 PMCID: PMC8363672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organized complex structures in nature, e.g., viral capsids, hierarchical biopolymers, and bacterial flagella, offer efficiency, adaptability, robustness, and multi-functionality. Can we program the self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D) complex structures using simple building blocks, and reach similar or higher level of sophistication in engineered materials? Here we present an analytic theory for the self-assembly of polyhedral nanoparticles (NPs) based on their crystal structures in non-Euclidean space. We show that the unavoidable geometrical frustration of these particle shapes, combined with competing attractive and repulsive interparticle interactions, lead to controllable self-assembly of structures of complex order. Applying this theory to tetrahedral NPs, we find high-yield and enantiopure self-assembly of helicoidal ribbons, exhibiting qualitative agreement with experimental observations. We expect that this theory will offer a general framework for the self-assembly of simple polyhedral building blocks into rich complex morphologies with new material capabilities such as tunable optical activity, essential for multiple emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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30
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Baig MMFA, Dissanayaka WL, Zhang C. 2D DNA nanoporous scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:657-669. [PMID: 34371047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctional materials with nanomechanical parameters similar to bone tissue may promote the adherence, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. In this study, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoporous scaffold (DNA-NPS) was synthesized by the polymerization of rectangular and double-crossover (DX) DNA tiles. The diagonally precise polymerization of nanometer-sized DNA tiles (A + B) through sticky end cohesion gave rise to a micrometer-sized porous giant-sheet material. The synthesized DNA-NPS exhibited a uniformly distributed porosity with a size of 25 ± 20 nm. The morphology, dimensions, sectional profiles, 2-dimensional (2D) layer height, texture, topology, pore size, and mechanical parameters of DNA-NPS have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size and zeta potential of DNA-NPS have been characterized by the zeta sizer. Cell biocompatibility, proliferation, and apoptosis have been evaluated by flow cytometry. The AFM results confirmed that the fabricated DNA-NPS was interconnected and uniformly porous, with a surface roughness of 0.125 ± 0.08035 nm. The elastic modulus of the DNA-NPS was 22.45 ± 8.65 GPa, which was comparable to that of native bone tissue. DNA-NPS facilitated pre-osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. These findings indicated the potential of 2D DNA-NPS in promoting bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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31
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Rizvi A, Mulvey JT, Carpenter BP, Talosig R, Patterson JP. A Close Look at Molecular Self-Assembly with the Transmission Electron Microscope. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14232-14280. [PMID: 34329552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is pervasive in the formation of living and synthetic materials. Knowledge gained from research into the principles of molecular self-assembly drives innovation in the biological, chemical, and materials sciences. Self-assembly processes span a wide range of temporal and spatial domains and are often unintuitive and complex. Studying such complex processes requires an arsenal of analytical and computational tools. Within this arsenal, the transmission electron microscope stands out for its unique ability to visualize and quantify self-assembly structures and processes. This review describes the contribution that the transmission electron microscope has made to the field of molecular self-assembly. An emphasis is placed on which TEM methods are applicable to different structures and processes and how TEM can be used in combination with other experimental or computational methods. Finally, we provide an outlook on the current challenges to, and opportunities for, increasing the impact that the transmission electron microscope can have on molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoon Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Brooke P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rain Talosig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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32
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Crook MF, Laube C, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Kahnt A, Zahn S, Ondry JC, Liu A, Alivisatos AP. Elucidating the Role of Halides and Iron during Radiolysis-Driven Oxidative Etching of Gold Nanocrystals Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy and Pulse Radiolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11703-11713. [PMID: 34292703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has enabled the observation of a variety of nanoscale transformations. Yet understanding the chemistry of the liquid cell solution and its impact on the observed transformations remains an important step toward translating insights from liquid cell TEM to benchtop chemistry. Gold nanocrystal etching can be used as a model system to probe the reactivity of the solution. FeCl3 has been widely used to promote gold oxidation in bulk and liquid cell TEM studies, but the roles of the halide and iron species have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we observed the etching trajectories of gold nanocrystals in different iron halide solutions. We observed an increase in gold nanocrystal etch rate going from Cl-- to Br-- to I--containing solutions. This is consistent with a mechanism in which the dominant role of halides is as complexation agents for oxidized gold species. Additionally, the mechanism through which FeCl3 induces etching in liquid cell TEM remains unclear. Ground-state bleaching of the Fe(III) absorption band observed through pulse radiolysis indicates that iron may react with Cl2·- radicals to form an oxidized transient species under irradiation. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations indicate that the FeCl3 complex is oxidized to an Fe species with an OH radical ligand. Together our data indicate that an oxidized Fe species may be the active oxidant, while halides modulate the etch rate by tuning the reduction potential of gold nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christian Laube
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Fan Q, Qu M, He N, Deng J, Sun Y, Cheng J, Liao HG, Sun SG. Atomic Scale Tracking of Single Layer Oxide Formation: Self-Peeling and Phase Transition in Solution. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001234. [PMID: 34928001 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase electron microscopy (TEM) is used to track the formation of In2 O3 ultrathin nanosheet in solution at atomic scale. This observation reveals that the formation of few atomic layer nanosheet goes through a complicated phase transition process from InCl3 . 3H2 O to In(OH)3 and then to In2 O3 . Interestingly, the intermediate InCl3 . 3H2 O nanosheet can grow via either layer by layer or the strain-driven enation growth from precursor solution. Moreover, in situ TEM results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the oleylamine is responsible for the self-peeling process. These findings can provide atomic-level insight for the understanding of how 2D nanomaterial grows and transforms in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Fan
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Mi Qu
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Nana He
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Junxian Deng
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
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Jang H, Zhao C, Kong X, Song J, Ding F, Cho S. Homoepitaxial growth of ZnO nanostructures from bulk ZnO. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:135-141. [PMID: 33183758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Material formation mechanisms and their selective realization must be well understood for the development of new materials for advanced technologies. Since nanomaterials demonstrate higher specific surface energies compared to their corresponding bulk materials, the homoepitaxial growth of nanomaterials on bulk materials is not thermodynamically favorable. We observed the homoepitaxial growth of nanowires with constant outer diameters on bulk materials in two different, solution-based growth systems. We also suggested potential mechanisms of the spontaneous and homoepitaxial growth of the ZnO nanostructures based on the characterization results. The first key factor for favorable growth was the crystal facet stabilization effect of capping agents during the early stages of growth. The second factor was the change in the dominant growth mode during the reaction in a closed system. The spontaneous, homoepitaxial growth of nanomaterials enables the realization of unprecedented, complex, hierarchical, single-crystalline structures required for future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Kong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungho Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Cheng P, Moehring NK, Idrobo JC, Ivanov IN, Kidambi PR. Scalable synthesis of nanoporous atomically thin graphene membranes for dialysis and molecular separations via facile isopropanol-assisted hot lamination. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2825-2837. [PMID: 33508042 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scalable graphene synthesis and facile large-area membrane fabrication are imperative to advance nanoporous atomically thin membranes (NATMs) for molecular separations. Although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows for roll-to-roll high-quality monolayer graphene synthesis, facile transfer with atomically clean interfaces to porous supports for large-area NATM fabrication remains extremely challenging. Sacrificial polymer scaffolds commonly used for graphene transfer typically leave polymer residues detrimental to membrane performance and transfers without polymer scaffolds suffer from low yield resulting in high non-selective leakage through NATMs. Here, we systematically study the factors influencing graphene NATM fabrication and report on a novel roll-to-roll manufacturing compatible isopropanol-assisted hot lamination (IHL) process that enables scalable, facile and clean transfer of CVD graphene on to polycarbonate track etched (PCTE) supports with coverage ≥99.2%, while preserving support integrity/porosity. We demonstrate fully functional centimeter-scale graphene NATMs that show record high permeances (∼2-3 orders of magnitude higher) and better selectivity than commercially available state-of-the-art polymeric dialysis membranes, specifically in the 0-1000 Da range. Our work highlights a scalable approach to fabricate graphene NATMs for practical applications and is fully compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
| | - Nicole K Moehring
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA. and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Ilia N Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA. and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
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36
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Yoon A, Herzog A, Grosse P, Alsem DH, Chee SW, Roldán Cuenya B. Dynamic Imaging of Nanostructures in an Electrolyte with a Scanning Electron Microscope. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:121-128. [PMID: 33403947 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of microfabricated liquid cells has enabled dynamic studies of nanostructures within a liquid environment with electron microscopy. While such setups are most commonly found in transmission electron microscope (TEM) holders, their implementation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers intriguing potential for multi-modal studies where the large chamber volume allows for the integration of multiple detectors. Here, we describe an electrochemical liquid cell SEM platform that employs the same cells enclosed by silicon nitride membrane windows found in liquid cell TEM holders and demonstrate the imaging of copper oxide nanoparticles in solution using both backscattered and transmitted electrons. In particular, the transmitted electron images collected at high scattering angles show contrast inversion at liquid layer thicknesses of several hundred nanometers, which can be used to determine the presence of liquid in the cell, while maintaining enough resolution to image nanoparticles that are tens of nanometers in size. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that both imaging modes have their advantages for liquid phase imaging and rationalize the contrast inversion observed in the transmitted electron image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Yoon
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Herzog
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Grosse
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Park J, Koo K, Noh N, Chang JH, Cheong JY, Dae KS, Park JS, Ji S, Kim ID, Yuk JM. Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:288-308. [PMID: 33395264 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy (GLC-EM), a cutting-edge liquid-phase EM technique, has become a powerful tool to directly visualize wet biological samples and the microstructural dynamics of nanomaterials in liquids. GLC uses graphene sheets with a one carbon atom thickness as a viewing window and a liquid container. As a result, GLC facilitates atomic-scale observation while sustaining intact liquids inside an ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscopy chamber. Using GLC-EM, diverse scientific results have been recently reported in the material, colloidal, environmental, and life science fields. Here, the developments of GLC fabrications, such as first-generation veil-type cells, second-generation well-type cells, and third-generation liquid-flowing cells, are summarized. Moreover, recent GLC-EM studies on colloidal nanoparticles, battery electrodes, mineralization, and wet biological samples are also highlighted. Finally, the considerations and future opportunities associated with GLC-EM are discussed to offer broad understanding and insight on atomic-resolution imaging in liquid-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgyu Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Cheong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Seong Dae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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38
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Casar JR, McLellan CA, Siefe C, Dionne JA. Lanthanide-Based Nanosensors: Refining Nanoparticle Responsiveness for Single Particle Imaging of Stimuli. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:3-17. [PMID: 34307765 PMCID: PMC8297747 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising sensors of chemical, mechanical, and temperature changes; they combine the narrow-spectral emission and long-lived excited states of individual lanthanide ions with the high spatial resolution and controlled energy transfer of nanocrystalline architectures. Despite considerable progress in optimizing LNP brightness and responsiveness for dynamic sensing, detection of stimuli with a spatial resolution approaching that of individual nanoparticles remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we highlight the existing capabilities and outstanding challenges of LNP sensors, en-route to nanometer-scale, single particle sensor resolution. First, we summarize LNP sensor read-outs, including changes in emission wavelength, lifetime, intensity, and spectral ratiometric values that arise from modified energy transfer networks within nanoparticles. Then, we describe the origins of LNP sensor imprecision, including sensitivity to competing conditions, interparticle heterogeneities, such as the concentration and distribution of dopant ions, and measurement noise. Motivated by these sources of signal variance, we describe synthesis characterization feedback loops to inform and improve sensor precision, and introduce noise-equivalent sensitivity as a figure of merit of LNP sensors. Finally, we project the magnitudes of chemical and pressure stimulus resolution achievable with single LNPs at nanoscale resolution. Our perspective provides a roadmap for translating ensemble LNP sensing capabilities to the single particle level, enabling nanometer-scale sensing in biology, medicine, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Casar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Claire A McLellan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chris Siefe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Reboul CF, Heo J, Machello C, Kiesewetter S, Kim BH, Kim S, Elmlund D, Ercius P, Park J, Elmlund H. SINGLE: Atomic-resolution structure identification of nanocrystals by graphene liquid cell EM. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe6679. [PMID: 33514557 PMCID: PMC7846166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) structures of nanocrystals with solution-phase transmission electron microscopy is beginning to reveal their unique physiochemical properties. We developed a "one-particle Brownian 3D reconstruction method" based on imaging of ensembles of colloidal nanocrystals using graphene liquid cell electron microscopy. Projection images of differently rotated nanocrystals are acquired using a direct electron detector with high temporal (<2.5 ms) resolution and analyzed to obtain an ensemble of 3D reconstructions. Here, we introduce computational methods required for successful atomic-resolution 3D reconstruction: (i) tracking of the individual particles throughout the time series, (ii) subtraction of the interfering background of the graphene liquid cell, (iii) identification and rejection of low-quality images, and (iv) tailored strategies for 2D/3D alignment and averaging that differ from those used in biological cryo-electron microscopy. Our developments are made available through the open-source software package SINGLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril F Reboul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chiara Machello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Kiesewetter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Sungin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dominika Elmlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hans Elmlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Zhang J, Zhao P. Atomic imaging of the motion and transformation of Pt3Ni nanoparticles in liquids. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we used liquid cell TEM to observe the motion and transformation pathways of Pt3Ni nanoparticles in solution by systematically changing the electron beam dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center
- Laboratory and Equipment Management Department
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center
- Laboratory and Equipment Management Department
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
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41
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Ilton ES, Kovarik L, Nakouzi E, Mergelsberg ST, McBriarty ME, Bylaska EJ. Using Atom Dynamics to Map the Defect Structure Around an Impurity in Nano-Hematite. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10396-10400. [PMID: 33238102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bulk behavior of materials is often controlled by minor impurities that create nonperiodic localized defect structures due to ionic size, symmetry, and charge balance mismatches. Here, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of atom-resolved dynamics to directly map the topology of Fe vacancy clusters surrounding structurally incorporated U6+ in nanohematite (α-Fe2O3). Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations provided additional independent constraints on coupled U, Fe, and vacancy mobility in the solid. A clearer understanding of how such an apparently incompatible element can be accommodated by hematite emerged. The results were readily interpretable without the need for sophisticated data reconstruction methods, model structures, or ultrathin samples, and with the proliferation of aberration-corrected TEM facilities, the approach is accessible. Given sufficient z-contrast, the ability to observe impurity-vacancy structures by means of atom hopping can be used to directly probe the association of impurities and such defects in other materials, with promising applications across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Ilton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Elias Nakouzi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | | | - Martin E McBriarty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Eric J Bylaska
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
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42
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Kim BH, Heo J, Park J. Determination of the 3D Atomic Structures of Nanoparticles. SMALL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyo Kim
- Department of Fiber Engineering and Organic Materials Soongsil University Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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43
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El-Zoka AA, Kim SH, Deville S, Newman RC, Stephenson LT, Gault B. Enabling near-atomic-scale analysis of frozen water. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabd6324. [PMID: 33277259 PMCID: PMC7821902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy went through a revolution enabling routine cryo-imaging of biological and (bio)chemical systems, in liquid form. Yet, these approaches typically lack advanced analytical capabilities. Here, we used atom probe tomography to analyze frozen liquids in three dimensions with subnanometer resolution. We introduce a specimen preparation strategy using nanoporous gold. We report data on 2- to 3-μm-thick layers of ice formed from both high-purity deuterated water and a solution of 50 mM NaCl in high-purity deuterated water. The analysis of the gold-ice interface reveals a substantial increase in the solute concentrations across the interface. We explore a range of experimental parameters to show that atom probe analyses of bulk aqueous specimens come with their own challenges and discuss physical processes that produce the observed phenomena. Our study demonstrates the viability of using frozen water as a carrier for near-atomic-scale analysis of objects in solution by atom probe tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Zoka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - S-H Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Deville
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R C Newman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L T Stephenson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Nanocrystals are a state-of-matter in the border area between molecules and bulk materials. Unlike bulk materials, nanocrystals have size-dependent properties, yet the question remains whether nanocrystal properties can be analyzed, understood, and controlled with atomic precision, a key characteristic of molecules. Acknowledging the inclination of nanocrystals to form defect structures, we first outline the prospects of atomically precise analysis. A broad spectrum of analytical methods has become available over the last five years, such that for heterogeneous nanocrystal ensembles, a single, atomically precise representative structure can be determined to explore structure-property relations. Atomically precise synthesis, on the other hand, remains an outstanding challenge that may well face fundamental limitations. However, to amplify properties and prepare nanocrystals for specific applications, full atomic precision may not be needed. Examples of an atomic precision light approach, focusing on exact thickness or facet control, exist and can inspire scientists to explore atomic precision in nanocrystal research further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Imaging how thermal capillary waves and anisotropic interfacial stiffness shape nanoparticle supracrystals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4555. [PMID: 32917872 PMCID: PMC7486387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the surface morphology and shape of crystalline nanostructures governs the functionality of various materials, ranging from phonon transport to biocompatibility. However, the kinetic pathways, following which such development occurs, have been largely unexplored due to the lack of real-space imaging at single particle resolution. Here, we use colloidal nanoparticles assembling into supracrystals as a model system, and pinpoint the key role of surface fluctuation in shaping supracrystals. Utilizing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, we map the spatiotemporal surface profiles of supracrystals, which follow a capillary wave theory. Based on this theory, we measure otherwise elusive interfacial properties such as interfacial stiffness and mobility, the former of which demonstrates a remarkable dependence on the exposed facet of the supracrystal. The facet of lower surface energy is favored, consistent with the Wulff construction rule. Our imaging–analysis framework can be applicable to other phenomena, such as electrodeposition, nucleation, and membrane deformation. Interfacial fluctuations at the nanoscale, such as shape evolution of a growing crystal, are prohibitively difficult to study experimentally. Here, the authors are able to map the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters involved in shaping of nanoparticle supracrystals by directly imaging the fluctuating crystal surface by liquid-phase TEM, and analyzing it in the context of capillary wave theory.
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46
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Shi F, Gao W, Shan H, Li F, Xiong Y, Peng J, Xiang Q, Chen W, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T, Zhu H, Zhang H, Yang D, Pan X, Wu J. Strain-Induced Corrosion Kinetics at Nanoscale Are Revealed in Liquid: Enabling Control of Corrosion Dynamics of Electrocatalysis. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Arciniegas MP, Castelli A, Brescia R, Serantes D, Ruta S, Hovorka O, Satoh A, Chantrell R, Pellegrino T. Unveiling the Dynamical Assembly of Magnetic Nanocrystal Zig-Zag Chains via In Situ TEM Imaging in Liquid. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907419. [PMID: 32459051 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The controlled assembly of colloidal magnetic nanocrystals is key to many applications such as nanoelectronics, storage memory devices, and nanomedicine. Here, the motion and ordering of ferrimagnetic nanocubes in water via liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy is directly imaged in situ. Through the experimental analysis, combined with molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical considerations, it is shown that the presence of highly competitive interactions leads to the formation of stable monomers and dimers, acting as nuclei, followed by a dynamic growth of zig-zag chain-like assemblies. It is demonstrated that such arrays can be explained by first, a maximization of short-range electrostatic interactions, which at a later stage become surpassed by magnetic forces acting through the easy magnetic axes of the nanocubes, causing their tilted orientation within the arrays. Moreover, in the confined volume of liquid in the experiments, interactions of the nanocube surfaces with the cell membranes, when irradiated at relatively low electron dose, slow down the kinetics of their self-assembly, facilitating the identification of different stages in the process. The study provides crucial insights for the formation of unconventional linear arrays made of ferrimagnetic nanocubes that are essential for their further exploitation in, for example, magnetic hyperthermia, magneto-transport devices, and nanotheranostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Castelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - David Serantes
- Applied Physics Department and Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Sergiu Ruta
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ondrej Hovorka
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Akira Satoh
- Faculty of System Science and Technology, Akita Prefecture University, Yurihonjo, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Roy Chantrell
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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Wu H, Friedrich H, Patterson JP, Sommerdijk NAJM, de Jonge N. Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy for Soft Matter Science and Biology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001582. [PMID: 32419161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in liquid-phase electron microscopy (LP-EM) have made it possible to perform experiments at the optimized conditions needed to examine soft matter. The main obstacle is conducting experiments in such a way that electron beam radiation can be used to obtain answers for scientific questions without changing the structure and (bio)chemical processes in the sample due to the influence of the radiation. By overcoming these experimental difficulties at least partially, LP-EM has evolved into a new microscopy method with nanometer spatial resolution and sub-second temporal resolution for analysis of soft matter in materials science and biology. Both experimental design and applications of LP-EM for soft matter materials science and biological research are reviewed, and a perspective of possible future directions is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanglong Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nico A J M Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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50
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Kim BH, Heo J, Kim S, Reboul CF, Chun H, Kang D, Bae H, Hyun H, Lim J, Lee H, Han B, Hyeon T, Alivisatos AP, Ercius P, Elmlund H, Park J. Critical differences in 3D atomic structure of individual ligand-protected nanocrystals in solution. Science 2020; 368:60-67. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure determination of individual nanocrystals is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting their physical properties. Nanocrystals from the same synthesis batch display what are often presumed to be small but possibly important differences in size, lattice distortions, and defects, which can only be understood by structural characterization with high spatial 3D resolution. We solved the structures of individual colloidal platinum nanocrystals by developing atomic-resolution 3D liquid-cell electron microscopy to reveal critical intrinsic heterogeneity of ligand-protected platinum nanocrystals in solution, including structural degeneracies, lattice parameter deviations, internal defects, and strain. These differences in structure lead to substantial contributions to free energies, consequential enough that they must be considered in any discussion of fundamental nanocrystal properties or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril F. Reboul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hoje Chun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohun Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhu Bae
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonkyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hans Elmlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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