1
|
Hall DR, Johnson RM, Kwon H, Ferdous Z, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Blitvich BJ, Brackney DE, Smith RC. Mosquito immune cells enhance dengue and Zika virus dissemination in Aedes aegypti. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587950. [PMID: 38617257 PMCID: PMC11014501 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses cause more than 400 million annual infections and place over half of the world's population at risk. Despite this importance, the mechanisms by which arboviruses infect the mosquito host and disseminate to tissues required for transmission are not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that mosquito immune cells, known as hemocytes, play an integral role in the dissemination of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We establish that phagocytic hemocytes are a focal point for virus infection and demonstrate that these immune cell populations facilitate virus dissemination to the ovaries and salivary glands. Additional transfer experiments confirm that virus-infected hemocytes confer a virus infection to non-infected mosquitoes more efficiently than free virus in acellular hemolymph, revealing that hemocytes are an important tropism to enhance virus dissemination in the mosquito host. These data support a "trojan horse" model of virus dissemination where infected hemocytes transport virus through the hemolymph to deliver virus to mosquito tissues required for transmission and parallels vertebrate systems where immune cell populations promote virus dissemination to secondary sites of infection. In summary, this study significantly advances our understanding of virus infection dynamics in mosquitoes and highlights conserved roles of immune cells in virus dissemination across vertebrate and invertebrate systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Hall
- Interdepartmental Program in Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rebecca M. Johnson
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Bradley J. Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan C. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson RM, Stopard IJ, Byrne HM, Armstrong PM, Brackney DE, Lambert B. Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011975. [PMID: 38557892 PMCID: PMC11008821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus must escape from the midgut (known as the midgut escape barrier; MEB), which is thought to be mediated by transient changes in the permeability of the midgut-surrounding basal lamina layer (BL) following blood feeding. Here, we present a mathematical model of the within-mosquito population dynamics of DENV (as a model system for mosquito-borne viruses more generally) that includes the interaction of the midgut and BL which can account for the MEB. Our results indicate a dose-dependency of midgut establishment of infection as well as rate of escape from the midgut: collectively, these suggest that the extrinsic incubation period (EIP)-the time taken for DENV virus to be transmissible after infection-is shortened when mosquitoes imbibe more virus. Additionally, our experimental data indicate that multiple blood feeding events, which more closely mimic mosquito-feeding behavior in the wild, can hasten the course of infections, and our model predicts that this effect is sensitive to the amount of virus imbibed. Our model indicates that mutations to the virus which impact its replication rate in the midgut could lead to even shorter EIPs when double-feeding occurs. Mechanistic models of within-vector viral infection dynamics provide a quantitative understanding of infection dynamics and could be used to evaluate novel interventions that target the mosquito stages of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Johnson
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isaac J. Stopard
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Armstrong
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ben Lambert
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim D, DeBriere TJ, Eastmond BH, Alomar AA, Yaren O, McCarter J, Bradley KM, Benner SA, Alto BW, Burkett-Cadena ND. Rapid detection of West Nile and Dengue viruses from mosquito saliva by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and displaced probes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298805. [PMID: 38394282 PMCID: PMC10889885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses are major causes of human and animal disease, especially in endemic low- and middle-income countries. Mosquito-borne pathogen surveillance is essential for risk assessment and vector control responses. Sentinel chicken serosurveillance (antibody testing) and mosquito pool screening (by RT-qPCR or virus isolation) are currently used to monitor arbovirus transmission, however substantial time lags of seroconversion and/or laborious mosquito identification and RNA extraction steps sacrifice their early warning value. As a consequence, timely vector control responses are compromised. Here, we report on development of a rapid arbovirus detection system whereby adding sucrose to reagents of loop-mediated isothermal amplification with displaced probes (DP-LAMP) elicits infectious mosquitoes to feed directly upon the reagent mix and expectorate viruses into the reagents during feeding. We demonstrate that RNA from pathogenic arboviruses (West Nile and Dengue viruses) transmitted in the infectious mosquito saliva was detectable rapidly (within 45 minutes) without RNA extraction. Sucrose stabilized viral RNA at field temperatures for at least 48 hours, important for transition of this system to practical use. After thermal treatment, the DP-LAMP could be reliably visualized by a simple optical image sensor to distinguish between positive and negative samples based on fluorescence intensity. Field application of this technology could fundamentally change conventional arbovirus surveillance methods by eliminating laborious RNA extraction steps, permitting arbovirus monitoring from additional sites, and substantially reducing time needed to detect circulating pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Kim
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Bradley H. Eastmond
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Abdullah A. Alomar
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ozlem Yaren
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn McCarter
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Bradley
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Benner
- Firebird Biomolecular Sciences LLC, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Souza CS, Caleiro GS, Claro IM, de Jesus JG, Coletti TM, da Silva CAM, Costa ÂA, Inenami M, Ribeiro AC, Felix AC, de Paula AV, Figueiredo WM, de Albuquerque Luna EJ, Sabino EC, Romano CM. Phylogenetics, Epidemiology and Temporal Patterns of Dengue Virus in Araraquara, São Paulo State. Viruses 2024; 16:274. [PMID: 38400049 PMCID: PMC10892747 DOI: 10.3390/v16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a prominent arbovirus with global spread, causing approximately 390 million infections each year. In Brazil, yearly epidemics follow a well-documented pattern of serotype replacement every three to four years on average. Araraquara, located in the state of São Paulo, has faced significant impacts from DENV epidemics since the emergence of DENV-1 in 2010. The municipality then transitioned from low to moderate endemicity in less than 10 years. Yet, there remains an insufficient understanding of virus circulation dynamics, particularly concerning DENV-1, in the region, as well as the genetic characteristics of the virus. To address this, we sequenced 37 complete or partial DENV-1 genomes sampled from 2015 to 2022 in Araraquara. Then, using also Brazilian and worldwide DENV-1 sequences we reconstructed the evolutionary history of DENV-1 in Araraquara and estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) for serotype 1, for genotype V and its main lineages. Within the last ten years, there have been at least three introductions of genotype V in Araraquara, distributed in two main lineages (L Ia and L Ib, and L II). The tMRCA for the first sampled lineage (2015/2016 epidemics) was approximately 15 years ago (in 2008). Crucially, our analysis challenges existing assumptions regarding the emergence time of the DENV-1 genotypes, suggesting that genotype V might have diverged more recently than previously described. The presence of the two lineages of genotype V in the municipality might have contributed to the extended persistence of DENV-1 in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Santos de Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (C.S.d.S.); (G.S.C.); (A.C.F.); (A.V.d.P.)
| | - Giovana Santos Caleiro
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (C.S.d.S.); (G.S.C.); (A.C.F.); (A.V.d.P.)
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (I.M.C.); (J.G.d.J.); (T.M.C.); (C.A.M.d.S.); (E.C.S.)
- MRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (I.M.C.); (J.G.d.J.); (T.M.C.); (C.A.M.d.S.); (E.C.S.)
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 21040-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Thaís Moura Coletti
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (I.M.C.); (J.G.d.J.); (T.M.C.); (C.A.M.d.S.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Camila Alves Maia da Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (I.M.C.); (J.G.d.J.); (T.M.C.); (C.A.M.d.S.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Ângela Aparecida Costa
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara-SESA, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (Â.A.C.); (M.I.); (A.C.R.); (W.M.F.)
| | - Marta Inenami
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara-SESA, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (Â.A.C.); (M.I.); (A.C.R.); (W.M.F.)
| | - Andreia C. Ribeiro
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara-SESA, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (Â.A.C.); (M.I.); (A.C.R.); (W.M.F.)
| | - Alvina Clara Felix
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (C.S.d.S.); (G.S.C.); (A.C.F.); (A.V.d.P.)
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (C.S.d.S.); (G.S.C.); (A.C.F.); (A.V.d.P.)
| | - Walter M. Figueiredo
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara-SESA, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (Â.A.C.); (M.I.); (A.C.R.); (W.M.F.)
| | - Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva/Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (I.M.C.); (J.G.d.J.); (T.M.C.); (C.A.M.d.S.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Camila M. Romano
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (C.S.d.S.); (G.S.C.); (A.C.F.); (A.V.d.P.)
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan J, Kim CH, Chesser L, Ramirez JL, Stone CM. Nutritional stress compromises mosquito fitness and antiviral immunity, while enhancing dengue virus infection susceptibility. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1123. [PMID: 37932414 PMCID: PMC10628303 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced nutritional stress can influence pathogen transmission potential in mosquitoes by impacting life history traits, infection susceptibility, and immunity. To investigate these effects, we manipulate mosquito diets at larval and adult stages, creating two nutritional levels (low and normal), and expose adults to dengue virus (DENV). We observe that egg number is reduced by nutritional stress at both stages and viral exposure separately and jointly, while the likelihood of laying eggs is exclusively influenced by adult nutritional stress. Adult nutritional stress alone shortens survival, while any pairwise combination between both-stage stress and viral exposure have a synergistic effect. Additionally, adult nutritional stress increases susceptibility to DENV infection, while larval nutritional stress likely has a similar effect operating via smaller body size. Furthermore, adult nutritional stress negatively impacts viral titers in infected mosquitoes; however, some survive and show increased titers over time. The immune response to DENV infection is overall suppressed by larval and adult nutritional stress, with specific genes related to Toll, JAK-STAT, and Imd immune signaling pathways, and antimicrobial peptides being downregulated. Our findings underscore the importance of nutritional stress in shaping mosquito traits, infection outcomes, and immune responses, all of which impact the vectorial capacity for DENV transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yan
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Leta Chesser
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jose L Ramirez
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Chris M Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnson RM, Stopard IJ, Byrne HM, Armstrong PM, Brackney DE, Lambert B. Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559904. [PMID: 37808804 PMCID: PMC10557669 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses which can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus must escape from the midgut (known as the midgut escape barrier; MEB), which is thought to be mediated by transient changes in the permeability of the midgut-surrounding basal lamina layer (BL) following blood feeding. Here, we present a mathematical model of the within-mosquito population dynamics of flaviviruses that includes the interaction of the midgut and BL which can account for the MEB. Our results indicate a dose-dependency of midgut establishment of infection as well as rate of escape from the midgut: collectively, these suggest that the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) - the time taken for DENV virus to be transmissible after infection - is shortened when mosquitoes imbibe more virus. Additionally, our experimental data indicates that multiple blood feeding events, which more closely mimic mosquito-feeding behavior in the wild, can hasten the course of infections, and our model predicts that this effect is sensitive to the amount of virus imbibed. Our model indicates that mutations to the virus which impact its replication rate in the midgut could lead to even shorter EIPs when double-feeding occurs. Mechanistic models of within-vector viral infection dynamics provide a quantitative understanding of infection dynamics and could be used to evaluate novel interventions that target the mosquito stages of the infection. Author summary Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), all of which can cause severe disease in humans with dengue alone infecting an estimated 100-400 million people each year. Understanding the processes that affect whether, and at which rate, mosquitoes may transmit such viruses is, hence, paramount. Here, we present a mathematical model of virus dynamics within infected mosquitoes. By combining the model with novel experimental data, we show that the course of infection is sensitive to the initial dose of virus ingested by the mosquito. The data also indicates that mosquitoes which blood feed subsequent to becoming infected may be able to transmit infection earlier, which is reproduced in the model. This is important as many mosquito species feed multiple times during their lifespan and, any reduction in time to dissemination will increase the number of days that a mosquito is infectious and so enhance the risk of transmission. Our study highlights the key and complementary roles played by mathematical models and experimental data for understanding within-mosquito virus dynamics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Garcia--Van Smévoorde M, Piorkowski G, Emboulé L, Dos Santos G, Loraux C, Guyomard-Rabenirina S, Joannes MO, Fagour L, Najioullah F, Cabié A, de Lamballerie X, Vega-Rúa A, Césaire R, Calvez E. Phylogenetic Investigations of Dengue 2019-2021 Outbreak in Guadeloupe and Martinique Caribbean Islands. Pathogens 2023; 12:1182. [PMID: 37764990 PMCID: PMC10534936 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever has been a public health problem in the Caribbean region since 1981, when it first reappeared in Cuba. In 1989, it was reported in Martinique and Guadeloupe (two French islands 200 km apart); since then, DENV has caused several epidemics locally. In 2019-2021, DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 were detected. Serotype distribution was differentiated, with DENV-2 and DENV-3 predominating in Guadeloupe and Martinique, respectively. Complete genome sequencing was carried out on 32 specimens, and phylogenic analysis identified the circulation of genotype V for DENV-1, cosmopolitan genotype for DENV-2, and genotype III for DENV-3. However, two distinct circulating groups were identified for DENV-1 and DENV-3, suggesting independent introductions. Overall, despite the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated travel restrictions, these results confirm the active circulation of DENV and specific epidemiological features on each of the two islands. Such differences may be linked to the founder effect of the various introduction events, and to local factors such as the population immunity and the transmission capacity of the vectors. Further genomic and epidemiological characterization of DENV strains remains essential to understand how dengue spreads in each specific geographical context and to prevent future epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Garcia--Van Smévoorde
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Les Abymes 97139, Guadeloupe;
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (X.d.L.)
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), 13005 Marseille, France
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Loic Emboulé
- Molecular Genetics and Inherited Red Blood Cell Diseases Laboratory, University Hospitals of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre 97159, Guadeloupe;
| | - Georges Dos Santos
- Department of Virology, University Hospitals of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France; (G.D.S.); (L.F.)
- Pathogenesis and Controle of Chronic and Emerging Infections, French National Blood Service (EFS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (R.C.)
- University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre 97110, Guadeloupe
| | - Cécile Loraux
- Department of Virology, University Hospitals of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre 97159, Guadeloupe;
| | - Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina
- Microbial Ecosystems Interaction Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Les Abymes 97139, Guadeloupe;
| | - Marie-Odile Joannes
- Department of Hematology Immunology Histocompatibility, University Hospitals of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre 97159, Guadeloupe;
| | - Laurence Fagour
- Department of Virology, University Hospitals of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France; (G.D.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Fatiha Najioullah
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France;
| | - André Cabié
- Pathogenesis and Controle of Chronic and Emerging Infections, French National Blood Service (EFS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (R.C.)
- University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre 97110, Guadeloupe
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospitals of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (X.d.L.)
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Les Abymes 97139, Guadeloupe;
| | - Raymond Césaire
- Pathogenesis and Controle of Chronic and Emerging Infections, French National Blood Service (EFS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (R.C.)
- University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre 97110, Guadeloupe
- Department of Virology, University Hospitals of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre 97159, Guadeloupe;
| | - Elodie Calvez
- Vector Control Research Laboratory, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Les Abymes 97139, Guadeloupe;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdul Rashid JI, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Shomiad Shueb RH. Strategies in the optimization of DNA hybridization conditions and its role in electrochemical detection of dengue virus (DENV) using response surface methodology (RSM). RSC Adv 2023; 13:18748-18759. [PMID: 37362605 PMCID: PMC10286818 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00216k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, limited research has been conducted on enhancing DNA hybridization-based biosensor approaches using statistical models. This study explores the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to improve the performance of a DNA hybridization biosensor for dengue virus (DENV) detection. The biosensor is based on silicon nanowires decorated with gold nanoparticles (SiNWs/AuNPs) and utilizes methylene blue as a redox indicator. The DNA hybridization process between the immobilized DNA probe and the target DENV gene was monitored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based on the reduction of methylene blue. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to confirm successful DNA hybridization events on the modified screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) surface. Several parameters, including pH buffer, NaCl concentration, temperature, and hybridization time, were simultaneously optimized, with NaCl concentration having the most significant impact on DNA hybridization events. This study enhances the understanding of the role of each parameter in influencing DNA hybridization detection in electrochemical biosensors. The optimized biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect complementary oligonucleotide and amplified DENV gene concentrations as low as 0.0891 ng µL-1 (10 pM) and 2.8 ng µL-1, respectively. The developed biosensor shows promise for rapid clinical diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shomiad Shueb
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Brackney DE, Armstrong PM. Limited Capacity for Aedes aegypti to Mechanically Transmit Chikungunya Virus and Dengue Virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:1239-1241. [PMID: 36315998 PMCID: PMC9768263 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical transmission is an understudied mode of arbovirus transmission that occurs when a biting insect transmits virus among hosts by the direct transfer of virus particles contaminating its mouthparts. Multiple arboviruses have been shown to be capable of utilizing this transmission route, but most studies were conducted 40 to 70 years ago using dated methodologies. To gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, we used molecular techniques to evaluate the efficiency of mechanical transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for two evolutionarily divergent arboviruses, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV). Viral RNA and/or infectious DENV could be detected on 13.8% of mosquito proboscises sampled immediately after an infectious bloodmeal, but positivity rates declined within hours. CHIKV RNA and/or infectious virus was detected on 38.8% of proboscises immediately after feeding but positivity rates dropped to 2.5% within 4 hours. RNA copy numbers were low for both viruses, and we were unable to demonstrate mechanical transmission of CHIKV using an established animal model, suggesting that this mode of transmission is unlikely under natural conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Bransfield
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J. Misencik
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Philip M. Armstrong
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeyaullah M, Muzammil K, AlShahrani AM, Khan N, Ahmad I, Alam MS, Ahmad R, Khan WH. Preparedness for the Dengue Epidemic: Vaccine as a Viable Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1940. [PMID: 36423035 PMCID: PMC9697487 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of the significant fatal mosquito-borne viral diseases and is considered to be a worldwide problem. Aedes mosquito is responsible for transmitting various serotypes of dengue viruses to humans. Dengue incidence has developed prominently throughout the world in the last ten years. The exact number of dengue cases is underestimated, whereas plenty of cases are misdiagnosed as alternative febrile sicknesses. There is an estimation that about 390 million dengue cases occur annually. Dengue fever encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations, usually with undefinable clinical progression and outcome. The diagnosis of dengue depends on serology tests, molecular diagnostic methods, and antigen detection tests. The therapeutic approach relies completely on supplemental drugs, which is far from the real approach. Vaccines for dengue disease are in various stages of development. The commercial formulation Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) is accessible and developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The vaccine candidate Dengvaxia was inefficient in liberating a stabilized immune reaction toward different serotypes (1-4) of dengue fever. Numerous promising vaccine candidates are now being developed in preclinical and clinical stages even though different serotypes of DENV exist that worsen the situation for a vaccine to be equally effective for all serotypes. Thus, the development of an efficient dengue fever vaccine candidate requires time. Effective dengue fever management can be a multidisciplinary challenge, involving international cooperation from diverse perspectives and expertise to resolve this global concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Shane Alam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Wajihul H. Khan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, New Delhi 110029, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Surveillance of Viral Encephalitis in the Context of COVID-19: A One-Year Observational Study among Hospitalized Patients in Dakar, Senegal. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050871. [PMID: 35632613 PMCID: PMC9145710 DOI: 10.3390/v14050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of encephalitis and its associated viral etiology is poorly described in Africa. Moreover, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly reported in many countries, but less so in Africa. Our prospective study aimed to characterize the main viral etiologies of patients hospitalized for encephalitis in two hospitals in Dakar. From January to December 2021, all adult patients that met the inclusion criteria for clinical infectious encephalitis were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluids, blood, and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and tested for 27 viruses. During the study period, 122 patients were enrolled. Viral etiology was confirmed or probable in 27 patients (22.1%), with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 8), HSV-1 (n = 7), HHV-7 (n = 5), and EBV (n = 4) being the most detected viruses. Age groups 40–49 was more likely to be positive for at least one virus with an odds ratio of 7.7. The mortality was high among infected patients, with 11 (41%) deaths notified during hospitalization. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 was the most prevalent virus in hospitalized patients presenting with encephalitis. Our results reveal the crucial need to establish a country-wide surveillance of encephalitis in Senegal to estimate the burden of this disease in our population and implement strategies to improve care and reduce mortality.
Collapse
|
12
|
Onyango MG, Lange R, Bialosuknia S, Payne A, Mathias N, Kuo L, Vigneron A, Nag D, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Zika virus and temperature modulate Elizabethkingia anophelis in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:573. [PMID: 34772442 PMCID: PMC8588690 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne pathogens must survive and replicate in the hostile environment of an insect's midgut before successful dissemination. Midgut microbiota interfere with pathogen infection by activating the basal immunity of the mosquito and by synthesizing pathogen-inhibitory metabolites. METHODS The goal of this study was to assess the influence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and increased temperature on Aedes albopictus midgut microbiota. Aedes albopictus were reared at diurnal temperatures of day 28 °C/night 24 °C (L) or day 30 °C/night 26 °C (M). The mosquitoes were given infectious blood meals with 2.0 × 108 PFU/ml ZIKV, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on midguts at 7 days post-infectious blood meal exposure. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that Elizabethkingia anophelis albopictus was associated with Ae. albopictus midguts exposed to ZIKV infectious blood meal. We observed a negative correlation between ZIKV and E. anophelis albopictus in the midguts of Ae. albopictus. Supplemental feeding of Ae. albopictus with E. anophelis aegypti and ZIKV resulted in reduced ZIKV infection rates. Reduced viral loads were detected in Vero cells that were sequentially infected with E. anophelis aegypti and ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), or chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the influence of ZIKV infection and temperature on the Ae. albopictus microbiome along with a negative correlation between ZIKV and E. anophelis albopictus. Our results have important implications for controlling vector-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Onyango
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Rachel Lange
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Sean Bialosuknia
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Anne Payne
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Lili Kuo
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Aurelien Vigneron
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dilip Nag
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Slavov SN, Santos EV, Hespanhol MR, Rodrigues ES, Haddad R, Ubiali EMA, Covas DT, Kashima S. Dengue RNA detection and seroprevalence in blood donors during an outbreak in the São Paulo State, Brazil, 2016. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3344-3349. [PMID: 33090520 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Most dengue virus (DENV) infections remain asymptomatic. This increases the risk of DENV transfusion transmission (TT-DENV) during outbreaks. We evaluated DENV viremia in 8475 blood donations assembled in minipools for the presence of DENV RNA. The tested samples were obtained between February and May, 2016, during a large DENV outbreak in Ribeirão Preto city, northeast region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The DENV RNA + samples were serotyped and screened for DENV NS1. We also tested a significant number of plasma samples (n = 372) to estimate the DENV seroprevalence among blood donors in the region. We detected three DENV RNA + samples in the tested blood donations (n = 3/8475, 0.04%). From these, two samples were further serotyped as DENV-1 and one sample as DENV-2. All DENV RNA positive samples were negative for anti-DENV IgG, indicating the presence of primary acute infection. Moreover, two of the DENV RNA + samples were also NS1 antigen positive (antigenemia). The anti-DENV IgG seroprevalence among blood donor population was 50.8% (n = 189/372). Our results are in accordance with the presence of DENV primary infection in blood donors which can lead to transfusion transmission of the infection to recipients. Measures to exclude such donors should be adopted to prevent TT-DENV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav N Slavov
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine V Santos
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta R Hespanhol
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandra S Rodrigues
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Laboratory of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Eugênia M A Ubiali
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eskildsen GA, Kramer LD, Zink SD, Dupuis AP, Wong SJ, Furuya A, Loaiza JR. Integrated Arbovirus Surveillance Improves the Detection Onset of Zika Virus in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:985-987. [PMID: 32228787 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 700 serum samples collected throughout Panama from 2015 to 2016 for detecting antibodies and RNA of arboviruses. In convalescent specimens, microsphere immunoassay detected an antibody prevalence of 59.3% for dengue virus (DENV) and 30.3% for Zika virus (ZIKV), which included samples that were collected before the Panamanian surveillance system reported the first case of Zika in the country. For acute sera, the most common arbovirus was DENV with 18 positive samples (6%), followed by four (1.3%) of ZIKV and one (0.6%) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Our results indicate a change in the chronology of when ZIKV was first detected in Panama and stress the importance of integrating various approaches to enable improved surveillance of both endemic and emerging arboviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto A Eskildsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Steven D Zink
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Susan J Wong
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Andrea Furuya
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama.,Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luna E, Figueiredo G, Levi J, Campos S, Felix A, Souza N, Figueiredo W, Costa A, Cardoso M, Pannuti C. Data on dengue incidence in South-eastern Brazil, 2014-2018. Data Brief 2020; 29:105266. [PMID: 32095494 PMCID: PMC7033510 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from the routine surveillance systems have been extensively used to estimate the incidence of dengue. However, routine surveillance data frequently underestimate the diseases' incidence. Underreporting of dengue cases is related to the varying spectrum of its clinical presentation, with a large proportion of mild and asymptomatic infections, to its unspecific signs and symptoms, to the limitations of access to health care, and to the performance of the surveillance system itself [1-3]. In order to obtain accurate figures on dengue incidence, a cohort of children and adolescents was set up and followed during four years. The incidence of reported cases was used as a reference for the sample size calculation, which was stratified by age groups. A two-stage procedure was used to select the participants: census tracts were randomly selected, and within each one, a pre-determined number of children of each age group was randomly selected. The parents or legal guardians of the participating children and adolescents provided a written informed consent. In the first home visit, they responded to a questionnaire containing data on socio-demographic characteristics, housing, access to water, sewage, and garbage collection. Also, during the first visit a blood sample of the participating child/adolescent was collected for dengue baseline serology. Beginning in the week after the enrolment, the parent or legal guardian that was designated in the first visit received weekly phone calls for fever surveillance. If the child/adolescent had fever during the week, a nurse was dispatched to the family's home to collect more detailed data on the fever episode and collect a blood sample for dengue diagnosis (IgG, IgM, NS1 and PCR). If the dengue diagnosis was confirmed, a medical appointment was scheduled, and another blood sample for confirmatory tests was collected. It was also agreed that in every anniversary of their participation, they would receive another visit for a blood collection for dengue serology, regardless if they had a fever episode or a confirmed dengue diagnosis during the previous year. This article contains the description of the cohort's dataset. It is associated with the article published in Acta Tropica, under the title "A cohort study to assess the incidence of dengue, Brazil, 2014-2018" [4]. The associated article focused on the seroprevalence and incidence of dengue, and explored some associations between both outcomes and some explanatory variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Expedito Luna
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerusa Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Levi
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvina Felix
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Figueiredo
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Universidade de São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Angela Costa
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Universidade de São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Cardoso
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Pannuti
- Faculdade de Medicina/ Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luna EJA, Figueiredo GM, Levi JE, Campos SRSLC, Felix AC, Souza NSE, Figueiredo WM, Costa AA, Cardoso MRA, Pannuti CS. A cohort study to assess the incidence of dengue, Brazil, 2014-2018. Acta Trop 2020; 204:105313. [PMID: 31863736 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present cohort study was set up with the aim of determining the incidence of dengue among children and adolescents, from 2 to 16 years of age, living in Araraquara, South-Eastern Brazil, a city classified as a mid-level endemicity location for dengue. Enrollment took place from September 2014 to March 2015. Baseline socio-demographic data were collected, and a blood sample from the participant was drawn, for dengue serology. Families were contacted weekly for fever surveillance. If the child developed fever, a nurse visited the household to collect a blood sample. PCR, NS1 and IgM were used for dengue diagnosis. Parents or legal guardians of participating children provided a written informed consent. 3,514 children and adolescents were enrolled in the cohort. Dengue baseline seroprevalence was 12.2% (95%CI: 11.1 - 13.3). The incidence density of symptomatic dengue was 8.94 per 100 person/years in the first year of follow-up, 0.58 in the second, and 0.19 in the fourth. No cases were confirmed in the third year. Incidence was associated with age, sex, baseline seroprevalence and with living in a house as opposed to an apartment. This study provides relevant information on the epidemiology of dengue in mid-level transmission settings that may be useful to policymakers in the evaluation of control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Expedito J A Luna
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gerusa M Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José E Levi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R S L C Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alvina Clara Felix
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Santiago E Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter M Figueiredo
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Itália, 1617, 14801-360, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela A Costa
- Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Itália, 1617, 14801-360, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria R A Cardoso
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio S Pannuti
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ricas Rezende H, Malta Romano C, Morales Claro I, Santos Caleiro G, Cerdeira Sabino E, Felix AC, Bissoli J, Hill S, Rodrigues Faria N, Cardoso da Silva TC, Brioschi Santos AP, Cerutti Junior C, Vicente CR. First report of Aedes albopictus infected by Dengue and Zika virus in a rural outbreak in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229847. [PMID: 32163449 PMCID: PMC7067471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are reported as being transmitted exclusively by Aedes aegypti in urban settings. This study established the vectors and viruses involved in an arbovirus outbreak that occurred in 2019 in a rural area of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Mosquitoes collected were morphologically identified, sorted in samples, and submitted to molecular analysis for arboviruses detection. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed for the viral sequence obtained. All 393 mosquitoes were identified as Aedes albopictus. DENV-1 genotype V was present in one sample and another sample was positive for ZIKV. The DENV-1 clustered with viruses that have circulated in previous years in large urban centers of different regions in Brazil. This is the first report of A. albopictus infected by DENV and ZIKV during an outbreak in a rural area in Brazil, indicating its involvement in arboviral transmission. The DENV-1 strain found in the A. albopictus was not new in Brazil, being involved previously in epidemics related to A. aegypti, suggesting the potential to A. albopictus in transmitting viruses already circulating in the Brazilian population. This finding also indicates the possibility of these viruses to disperse across urban and rural settings, imposing additional challenges for the control of the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helder Ricas Rezende
- Núcleo de Entomologia e Malacologia, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Serra, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP (LIM52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Giovana Santos Caleiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Alvina Clara Felix
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bissoli
- Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Linhares, Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Brioschi Santos
- Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Crispim Cerutti Junior
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shastri J, Williamson M, Vaidya N, Agrawal S, Shrivastav O. Nine year trends of dengue virus infection in Mumbai, Western India. J Lab Physicians 2020; 9:296-302. [PMID: 28966494 PMCID: PMC5607761 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_169_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from acute febrile illness Dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Factors believed to be responsible for spread of Dengue virus infection include explosive population growth, unplanned urban overpopulation with inadequate public health systems, poor standing water and vector control, climate changes and increased international recreational, business, military travel to endemic areas. All of these factors must be addressed to control the spread of Dengue and other mosquito-borne infections. The detection of Dengue virus RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in human serum or plasma samples is highly indicative of acute Dengue fever. Moreover, the method is able to identify the Dengue virus serotype by demonstrating defined sequence homologies in the viral genomic RNA. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the nine year period of this study analysis, 6767 strongly suspected cases were tested by RT-PCR. 1685 (24.9%) were Dengue PCR positive and confirmed as Dengue cases. Observations on the seasonality were based on the nine year's data as the intensity of sampling was at its maximum during monsoon season. Dengue typing was done on 100 positive samples after storage of Dengue RNA at – 80°C. Dengue serotypes were detected in 69 samples of which Dengue 2 was most predominant. 576 samples were processed for NS1 antigen and PCR simultaneously. 19/576 were positive (3.3 %) for NS1 as well as by PCR. 23/576 samples were negative for NS1 antigen, but were positive by RT-PCR. The remaining 534 samples which were negative for NS1 antigen were also negative by Dengue RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: In this study we sought to standardize rapid, sensitive, and specific fluorogenic probe-based RT-PCR assay to screen and serotype a representative range of Dengue viruses that are found in and around Mumbai. Qualitative Dengue virus TaqMan assays could have tremendous utility for the epidemiological investigation of Dengue illness and especially for the study of the viremic response with candidate live-attenuated dengue virus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Shastri
- Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L.Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manita Williamson
- Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L.Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima Vaidya
- Kasturba Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachee Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L.Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Om Shrivastav
- Kasturba Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chikungunya virus populations experience diversity- dependent attenuation and purifying intra-vector selection in Californian Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007853. [PMID: 31751338 PMCID: PMC6894883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus; CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne global health threat that has been transmitted transiently in the southeastern United States. A primary CHIKV mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, was recently established in the populous state of California, but the vector competence of Californian mosquitoes is unknown. Explosive CHIKV epidemics since 2004 have been associated with the acquisition of mosquito-adaptive mutations that enhance transmission by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus. As a highly mutable RNA virus, CHIKV has the potential for extensive and rapid genetic diversification in vertebrate hosts and mosquito vectors. We previously demonstrated that expansion of CHIKV diversity in cell culture allows for greater adaptability to novel selection pressures, and that CHIKV fidelity variants are able to diversify more than wildtype (WT) CHIKV in mice. The evolution of intra-vector CHIKV populations and the correlation between CHIKV population diversity and infectivity and transmissibility in mosquitoes has not yet been studied. Here, we address these gaps in knowledge via experimental infection of Ae. aegypti from California with WT and fidelity variant CHIKV. We show that Ae. aegypti from California are highly competent vectors for CHIKV. We also report that CHIKV fidelity variants diversify more than WT in mosquitoes and exhibit attenuated infectivity at the level of the midgut. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intra-vector populations of CHIKV are subjected to purifying selection in mosquito bodies, and sequences of non-coding CHIKV regions are highly conserved. These findings will inform public health risk assessment for CHIKV in California and improve our understanding of constraints to CHIKV evolution in mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and has caused explosive epidemics in Asia and the Americas since 2004. During mosquito infection, the CHIKV genome replicates with a high mutation rate to produce virus populations with high genetic diversity that facilitate virus evolution. With this study, we address three gaps in knowledge: 1) are Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Los Angeles, California, capable of transmitting CHIKV, 2) what effect does increased CHIKV population diversity have on virus infection and transmission by mosquitoes, and 3) are there constraints to CHIKV evolution in mosquitoes? We use oral infection of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes originating from Los Angeles, California to demonstrate high laboratory transmission competence of CHIKV. We also show that oral infection of mosquitoes with CHIKV variants that produce more diverse populations are less able to infect mosquitoes than wildtype CHIKV populations. Lastly, our study provides evidence of genome-wide and regional constraints to CHIKV evolution within Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Our results will inform public health risk assessments for potential CHIKV introduction in southern California and advance our understanding of the role of mosquitoes in CHIKV evolution.
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel pan-serotype control RNA for dengue virus typing through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2019; 271:113677. [PMID: 31195032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of one of the most important febrile illnesses worldwide. Four DENV serotypes are responsible for a broad clinical spectrum of the disease. Positive controls are costly and required for the validation of molecular test results of DENV serotyping. In this study, we describe the in silico design of the qDENV-Control plasmid with the target sequences to oligonucleotides and probes widely used for DENV serotyping, and the subsequent production of qDENV Control RNA by T7-driven run-off in vitro transcription. The qDENV Control RNA was successfully used to validate the positive and negative DENV serotyping results, allowing its incorporation in routine in-house protocols for virologic surveillance. This Control RNA allowed the absolute quantification of viral RNA copies from unknown samples as required in several fundamental studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Porse CC, Messenger S, Vugia DJ, Jilek W, Salas M, Watt J, Kramer V. Travel-Associated Zika Cases and Threat of Local Transmission during Global Outbreak, California, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1626-1632. [PMID: 30124194 PMCID: PMC6106427 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.180203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika and associated microcephaly among newborns were reported in Brazil during 2015. Zika has since spread across the Americas, and travel-associated cases were reported throughout the United States. We reviewed travel-associated Zika cases in California to assess the potential threat of local Zika virus transmission, given the regional spread of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. During November 2015-September 2017, a total of 588 travel-associated Zika cases were reported in California, including 139 infections in pregnant women, 10 congenital infections, and 8 sexually transmitted infections. Most case-patients reported travel to Mexico and Central America, and many returned during a period when they could have been viremic. By September 2017, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes had spread to 124 locations in California, and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes had spread to 53 locations. Continued human and mosquito surveillance and public health education are valuable tools in preventing and detecting Zika virus infections and local transmission in California.
Collapse
|
23
|
Paskey AC, Frey KG, Schroth G, Gross S, Hamilton T, Bishop-Lilly KA. Enrichment post-library preparation enhances the sensitivity of high-throughput sequencing-based detection and characterization of viruses from complex samples. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:155. [PMID: 30808306 PMCID: PMC6390631 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sequencing-based detection and characterization of viruses in complex samples can suffer from lack of sensitivity due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, low titer, small genome size, and contribution of host or environmental nucleic acids. Hybridization-based target enrichment is one potential method for increasing the sensitivity of viral detection via high-throughput sequencing. Results This study expands upon two previously developed panels of virus enrichment probes (for filoviruses and for respiratory viruses) to include other viruses of biodefense and/or biosurveillance concern to the U.S. Department of Defense and various international public health agencies. The newly expanded and combined panel is tested using carefully constructed synthetic metagenomic samples that contain clinically relevant amounts of viral genetic material. Target enrichment results in a dramatic increase in sensitivity for virus detection as compared to shotgun sequencing, yielding full, deeply covered viral genomes from materials with Ct values suggesting that amplicon sequencing would be likely to fail. Increased pooling to improve cost- and time-effectiveness does not negatively affect the ability to obtain full-length viral genomes, even in the case of co-infections, although as expected, it does decrease depth of coverage. Conclusions Hybridization-based target enrichment is an effective solution to obtain full-length viral genomes for samples from which virus detection would fail via unbiased, shotgun sequencing or even via amplicon sequencing. As the development and testing of probe sets for viral target enrichment expands and continues, the application of this technique, in conjunction with deeper pooling strategies, could make high-throughput sequencing more economical for routine use in biosurveillance, biodefense and outbreak investigations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5543-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Paskey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center - Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Leidos, Reston, VA, 20190, USA
| | - Kenneth G Frey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center - Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | | | | | - Theron Hamilton
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center - Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center - Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ferreira JE, Ferreira SC, Almeida-Neto C, Nishiya AS, Alencar CS, Gouveia GR, Caiaffa-Filho H, Gomes H, de Macedo Santos RT, Witkin SS, Mendrone-Junior A, Sabino EC. Molecular characterization of viruses associated with encephalitis in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209993. [PMID: 30640927 PMCID: PMC6331147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of viral encephalitis due to arbovirus infection of the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 500 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected between August 2012 and January 2013, from patients with symptoms of acute encephalitis were analyzed. Findings suggestive of viral encephalitis—elevations in cell concentration, glucose and total protein—were observed in 234 (46.8%) samples, designated as Group 1. The remaining 266 samples comprised Group 2. All samples were tested for Flaviviruses (dengue virus 1, 2, 3 and 4, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus), Alphavirus (NS5 region) and enterovirus by RT- PCR and for herpesviruses and enteroviruses using CLART-Entherpex. A presumptive viral etiological agent was detected in 26 samples (5.2%), 18 (8.0%) in Group 1 and 8 (3.0%) in Group 2. In Group 1 human herpesviruses were detected in 9 cases, enteroviruses in 7 cases, dengue viruses (DENV) in 2 CSFs and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in one case. In Group 2 there were 3 CSFs positive for human herpesviruses, 2 for enteroviruses, 2 for DENV and 1 for SLEV. Detection of arboviruses, even though present in a minority of infected patients, identifies these viruses as a probable etiological agent of encephalitis. This is of special concern in regions where this class of viruses is endemic and has been linked to other recent epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerenice E. Ferreira
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Cesar Almeida-Neto
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Ciências Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S. Nishiya
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S. Alencar
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele R. Gouveia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo–FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helio Caiaffa-Filho
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
| | - Helio Gomes
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Ester C. Sabino
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
First Complete Genome Sequences of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Strains from the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01360-18. [PMID: 30643881 PMCID: PMC6328654 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01360-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) were recovered from a female resident of the Solomon Islands in 2016 and another female patient who had traveled from Vanuatu to Australia in 2017. Here, we describe the first complete genome sequences of DENV-2 strains from Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Isolates of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) were recovered from a female resident of the Solomon Islands in 2016 and another female patient who had traveled from Vanuatu to Australia in 2017. Here, we describe the first complete genome sequences of DENV-2 strains from Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsuji R, Yamamoto N, Yamada S, Fujii T, Yamamoto N, Kanauchi O. Induction of anti-viral genes mediated by humoral factors upon stimulation with Lactococcus lactis strain plasma results in repression of dengue virus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:101-108. [PMID: 30393011 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection. There is currently no effective vaccine or antiviral treatment available against DENV. In previous studies, we showed that Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) could activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which play an important role against virus infection. LC-Plasma administration ameliorated symptoms of viral diseases and its effect appeared to be associated with IFN-α induction. However the precise mechanism of LC-Plasma protection remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of LC-Plasma-induced humoral factors on DENV replication using HepG2 cells as an in vitro infection model. When HepG2 cells were preincubated with supernatants of LC-Plasma-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, the replication of DENV was significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner and its activity was evident regardless of the DENV serotype. In addition, the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, including ISG15, IFITM-1, MxA, RSAD2, and RyDEN, was significantly upregulated by humoral factors. We also compared the effects of representative strains of lactic acid bacteria and found that the ability to prevent DENV replication was unique to LC-Plasma. In addition, it was revealed that both anti-DENV replication activity and ISG induction depended on type I IFN rather than type III IFN signaling. Taken together, since LC-Plasma induces, in a more natural form, potent anti-DENV replication activities irrespective of viral serotypes via induction of type I IFN, LC-Plasma could be safely used as a prophylactic anti-DENV option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tsuji
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Co, Ltd., Japan.
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamada
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Co, Ltd., Japan
| | - Toshio Fujii
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Co, Ltd., Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Osamu Kanauchi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Co, Ltd., Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zirbel KE, Alto BW. Maternal and paternal nutrition in a mosquito influences offspring life histories but not infection with an arbovirus. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E. Zirbel
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida 32962 USA
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida 32962 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
First Reported Complete Genome Sequence of a Dengue Virus Serotype 4 Strain from Papua New Guinea. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01082-18. [PMID: 30533658 PMCID: PMC6256681 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01082-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A male patient in his 50s who traveled from Papua New Guinea (PNG) to Australia in 2016 was diagnosed with a dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) infection, and the virus was isolated from his acute-phase serum. Here, we describe the first complete genome sequence of a DENV-4 strain from PNG. A male patient in his 50s who traveled from Papua New Guinea (PNG) to Australia in 2016 was diagnosed with a dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) infection, and the virus was isolated from his acute-phase serum. Here, we describe the first complete genome sequence of a DENV-4 strain from PNG.
Collapse
|
29
|
Vanneste K, Garlant L, Broeders S, Van Gucht S, Roosens NH. Application of whole genome data for in silico evaluation of primers and probes routinely employed for the detection of viral species by RT-qPCR using dengue virus as a case study. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:312. [PMID: 30180800 PMCID: PMC6123964 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infection by dengue virus is a major public health problem in tropical countries. Early diagnosis and detection are increasingly based on quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) directed against genomic regions conserved between different isolates. Genetic variation can however result in mismatches of primers and probes with their targeted nucleic acid regions. Whole genome sequencing allows to characterize and track such changes, which in turn enables to evaluate, optimize, and (re-)design novel and existing RT-qPCR methods. The immense amount of available sequence data renders this however a labour-intensive and complex task. Results We present a bioinformatics approach that enables in silico evaluation of primers and probes intended for routinely employed RT-qPCR methods. This approach is based on analysing large amounts of publically available whole genome data, by first employing BLASTN to mine the genomic regions targeted by the RT-qPCR method(s), and afterwards using BLASTN-SHORT to evaluate whether primers and probes will anneal based on a set of simple in silico criteria. Using dengue virus as a case study, we evaluated 18 published RT-qPCR methods using more than 3000 publically available genomes in the NCBI Virus Variation Resource, and provide a systematic overview of method performance based on in silico sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions We provide a comprehensive overview of dengue virus RT-qPCR method performance that will aid appropriate method selection allowing to take specific measures that aim to contain and prevent viral spread in afflicted regions. Notably, we find that primer-template mismatches at their 3′ end may represent a general issue for dengue virus RT-qPCR detection methods that merits more attention in their development process. Our approach is also available as a public tool, and demonstrates how utilizing genomic data can provide meaningful insights in an applied public health setting such as the detection of viral species in human diagnostics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2313-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal activities in applied genomics, Sciensano, (1050), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Linda Garlant
- Transversal activities in applied genomics, Sciensano, (1050), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Broeders
- Transversal activities in applied genomics, Sciensano, (1050), Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: Quality of Laboratories, Sciensano, (1050), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nancy H Roosens
- Transversal activities in applied genomics, Sciensano, (1050), Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pyke AT, Gunn W, Taylor C, Mackay IM, McMahon J, Jelley L, Waite B, May F. On the Home Front: Specialised Reference Testing for Dengue in the Australasian Region. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:E75. [PMID: 30274471 PMCID: PMC6161173 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference laboratories are vital for disease control and interpreting the complexities and impact of emerging pathogens. The role of these centralized facilities extends beyond routine screening capabilities to provide rapid, specific, and accurate diagnoses, advanced data analysis, consultation services, and sophisticated disease surveillance and monitoring. Within the Australasian region, the Public Health Virology Laboratory (PHV), Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Australia, and the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), New Zealand (NZ) perform specialised reference testing and surveillance for dengue viruses (DENVs) and other emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). With a focus on DENV, we review the reference testing performed by PHV (2005 to 2017) and ESR (2008 to 2017). We also describe how the evolution and expansion of reference-based methodologies and the adoption of new technologies have provided the critical elements of preparedness and early detection that complement frontline public health control efforts and limit the spread of arboviruses within Australasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa T Pyke
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Wendy Gunn
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Wallaceville, 5018 Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Carmel Taylor
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Ian M Mackay
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Wallaceville, 5018 Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Ben Waite
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Wallaceville, 5018 Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Fiona May
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Windsor, QLD 4030, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zirbel K, Eastmond B, Alto BW. Parental and offspring larval diets interact to influence life-history traits and infection with dengue virus in Aedes aegypti. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180539. [PMID: 30109101 PMCID: PMC6083674 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental conditions experienced by parents can influence offspring phenotype along with the conditions experienced by offspring. These parental effects are clear in organisms that display parental care and are less clear in other organisms. Here, we consider effects of parental and offspring larval nutrition on offspring development time, survivorship and infection with dengue virus in Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. Parents were raised on either high or low larval detritus inputs with subsequent offspring being divided into two groups, one receiving high nutrients and the other low. Low nutrient females from low nutrient parents (LL) developed significantly slower than those from high nutrient parents (HL). Females from all parent by offspring nutrient treatment groups were equally likely to become infected with dengue virus at 24 h, 3 days and 14 days. After 14 days, high nutrient females from low nutrient parents (LH) had 11 times higher viral titres and more disseminated infections than high nutrient females from high nutrient parents (HH). These results suggest that carry-over environmental stress from the parental generation can influence life histories and arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti females. We found males to be robust to the life-history parameters measured, suggesting sex-specific differences which may relate to their lower nutrient requirements for metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Zirbel
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Craig AT, Joshua CA, Sio AR, Teobasi B, Dofai A, Dalipanda T, Hardie K, Kaldor J, Kolbe A. Enhanced surveillance during a public health emergency in a resource-limited setting: Experience from a large dengue outbreak in Solomon Islands, 2016-17. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198487. [PMID: 29879179 PMCID: PMC5991673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Between August-2016 and April-2017, Solomon Islands experienced the largest and longest-running dengue outbreak on record in the country, with 12,329 suspected cases, 877 hospitalisations and 16 deaths. We conducted a retrospective review of related data and documents, and conducted key informant interviews to characterise the event and investigate the adaptability of syndromic surveillance for enhanced and expanded data collection during a public health emergency in a low resource country setting. While the outbreak quickly consumed available public and clinical resources, we found that authorities were able to scale up the conventional national syndrome-based early warning surveillance system to support the increased information demands during the event demonstrating the flexibility of the system and syndromic surveillance more broadly. Challenges in scaling up included upskilling and assisting staff with no previous experience of the tasks required; managing large volumes of data; maintaining data quality for the duration of the outbreak; harmonising routine and enhanced surveillance data and maintaining surveillance for other diseases; producing information optimally useful for response planning; and managing staff fatigue. Solomon Islands, along with other countries of the region remains vulnerable to outbreaks of dengue and other communicable diseases. Ensuring surveillance systems are robust and able to adapt to changing demands during emergencies should be a health protection priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Craig
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cynthia A. Joshua
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Alison R. Sio
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Bobby Teobasi
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Alfred Dofai
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Tenneth Dalipanda
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Kate Hardie
- Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji
| | - John Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Kolbe
- Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gloria-Soria A, Armstrong PM, Powell JR, Turner PE. Infection rate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with dengue virus depends on the interaction between temperature and mosquito genotype. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1506. [PMID: 28978730 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-transmitted viral disease worldwide, with endemic transmission restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of different temperature profiles. Temperature is epidemiologically relevant because it affects dengue infection rates in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the major vector of the dengue virus (DENV). Aedes aegypti populations are also known to vary in competence for different DENV genotypes. We assessed the effects of mosquito and virus genotype on DENV infection in the context of temperature by challenging Ae. aegypti from two locations in Vietnam, which differ in temperature regimes, with two isolates of DENV-2 collected from the same two localities, followed by incubation at 25, 27 or 32°C for 10 days. Genotyping of the mosquito populations and virus isolates confirmed that each group was genetically distinct. Extrinsic incubation temperature (EIT) and DENV-2 genotype had a direct effect on the infection rate, consistent with previous studies. However, our results show that the EIT impacts the infection rate differently in each mosquito population, indicating a genotype by environment interaction. These results suggest that the magnitude of DENV epidemics may not only depend on the virus and mosquito genotypes present, but also on how they interact with local temperature. This information should be considered when estimating vector competence of local and introduced mosquito populations during disease risk evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St. PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
| | - P M Armstrong
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St. PO Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - J R Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St. PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
| | - P E Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St. PO Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA.,Program in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lopez-Jimena B, Bekaert M, Bakheit M, Frischmann S, Patel P, Simon-Loriere E, Lambrechts L, Duong V, Dussart P, Harold G, Fall C, Faye O, Sall AA, Weidmann M. Development and validation of four one-step real-time RT-LAMP assays for specific detection of each dengue virus serotype. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006381. [PMID: 29813062 PMCID: PMC5973574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4 one-step, real-time, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays were developed for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes by considering 2,056 full genome DENV sequences. DENV1 and DENV2 RT-LAMP assays were validated with 31 blood and 11 serum samples from Tanzania, Senegal, Sudan and Mauritania. DENV3 and DENV4 RT-LAMP assays were validated with 25 serum samples from Cambodia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 4 final reaction primer mixes were obtained by using a combination of Principal Component Analysis of the full DENV genome sequences, and LAMP primer design based on sequence alignments using the LAVA software. These mixes contained 14 (DENV1), 12 (DENV2), 8 (DENV3) and 3 (DENV4) LAMP primer sets. The assays were evaluated with an External Quality Assessment panel from Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics. The assays were serotype-specific and did not cross-detect with other flaviviruses. The limits of detection, with 95% probability, were 22 (DENV1), 542 (DENV2), 197 (DENV3) and 641 (DENV4) RNA molecules, and 100% reproducibility in the assays was obtained with up to 102 (DENV1) and 103 RNA molecules (DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4). Validation of the DENV2 assay with blood samples from Tanzania resulted in 23 samples detected by RT-LAMP, demonstrating that the assay is 100% specific and 95.8% sensitive (positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 85.7%). All serum samples from Senegal, Sudan and Mauritania were detected and 3 untyped as DENV1. The sensitivity of RT-LAMP for DENV4 samples from Cambodia did not quite match qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We have shown a novel approach to design LAMP primers that makes use of fast growing sequence databases. The DENV1 and DENV2 assays were validated with viral RNA extracted clinical samples, showing very good performance parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lopez-Jimena
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michaël Bekaert
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pranav Patel
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for biological security 1 (ZBS1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée, Paris, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée, Paris, France
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Graham Harold
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cheikh Fall
- Arbovirus and viral haemorrhagic fever unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Institut Pasteur International Network, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arbovirus and viral haemorrhagic fever unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Institut Pasteur International Network, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arbovirus and viral haemorrhagic fever unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Institut Pasteur International Network, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Del Cerro A, Balseiro A, Casais R, Dalton KP, Salinas L, Saiz JC, Royo LJ. A one-step TaqMan real-time qRT-PCR assay for the specific detection and quantitation of the Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV). J Virol Methods 2018; 255:98-100. [PMID: 29481880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Louping ill-like virus (LI) has been recently detected in two different locations in the north of Spain and separated by only around 400 km. Using molecular approaches, the viruses causing both outbreaks have been shown to be different to LI virus, but also different to each other. They have been called SSEV (Spanish sheep encephalitis virus) and SGEV (Spanish goat encephalitis virus) taking into account the species from which they were isolated. The aim of this paper was to design a quantitative TaqMan real-time RT-PCR protocol, for the specific diagnostic and quantitation of SGEV. Linearity, efficiency and dynamic range as well as reproducibility and specificity of the method has been tested and established. The method has proved to be valid for the specific detection and viral load quantitation of SGEV genome in virus isolates and tissue samples from infected animals. This assay will be a useful analytical tool in early diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Del Cerro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Deva, 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Deva, 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Deva, 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Kevin P Dalton
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus El Cristo, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Salinas
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana León, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Saiz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Biotecnología, Crta. de la Coruña Km. 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Royo
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área Nutrición, Pastos y Forrajes, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Quinn EJ, Cheong AHC, Calvert JK, Higgins G, Hahesy T, Gordon DL, Carr JM. Clinical Features and Laboratory Findings of Travelers Returning to South Australia with Dengue Virus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3010006. [PMID: 30274405 PMCID: PMC6136603 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported cases of dengue are rising in South Australia (SA) in travellers returning from dengue-endemic regions. We have undertaken a retrospective analysis to identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients returning to SA with suspected dengue virus (DENV) infection. From 488 requests, 49 (10%) were defined by serology as acute dengue, with the majority of patients (75%) testing as non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and/or IgM positive. Dengue was most commonly acquired in Indonesia (42.9%) with clinical features of fever (95%), headache (41%) and myalgia/arthralgia (56%). The presence of rash (36%) and laboratory findings of neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, but not elevated C-reactive protein, were distinct from findings in DENV-seronegative patients. Available dengue seropositive samples were analysed by RT-PCR, with 14/32 (43.8%) positive by a serotype non-specific DENV assay, but 28/32 positive (87.5%) when also assessed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Serotype analysis revealed the predominance of DENV-1 and DENV-2 and the presence of DENV-3, but not DENV-4 or Zika virus (ZIKV). Thus, dengue in returned travellers in SA presents in a manner consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) definitions, with symptoms, travel history and laboratory results useful in prioritising the likelihood of dengue. This definition will assist the future management in DENV-non-endemic regions, such as SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Quinn
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Allena H-C Cheong
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Julie K Calvert
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey Higgins
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Trish Hahesy
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - David L Gordon
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Jillian M Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gao M, Daniel D, Zou H, Jiang S, Lin S, Huang C, Hecht SM, Chen S. Rapid detection of a dengue virus RNA sequence with single molecule sensitivity using tandem toehold-mediated displacement reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:968-971. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel tandem toehold-mediated displacement reactions were developed to detect dengue virus RNA. As few as 6 copies of RNA per sample were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Gao
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| | - Douglas Daniel
- Biodesign Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Shuoxing Jiang
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| | - Su Lin
- Biodesign Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Sidney M. Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| | - Shengxi Chen
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, Arizona State University
- Tempe 85287
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Matheus S, de Laval F, Moua D, N'Guyen C, Martinez E, Rousset D, Briolant S. Zika Virus Persistence and Higher Viral Loads in Cutaneous Capillaries Than in Venous Blood. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23. [PMID: 28930015 PMCID: PMC5652410 DOI: 10.3201/eid2311.170337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected venous and capillary serum samples from 21 Zika virus‒infected patients on multiple days after symptom onset and found RNA load was higher and median duration of virus detection significantly longer in capillary than in venous blood. These findings raise questions about the role of the capillary compartment in virus transmission dynamics.
Collapse
|
39
|
Talarico LB, Byrne AB, Amarilla S, Lovera D, Vázquez C, Chamorro G, Acosta PL, Ferretti A, Caballero MT, Arbo A, Polack FP. Characterization of type I interferon responses in dengue and severe dengue in children in Paraguay. J Clin Virol 2017; 97:10-17. [PMID: 29078078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with dengue virus (DENV) produces a wide spectrum of clinical illness ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild febrile illness, and to severe forms of the disease. Type I interferons (IFNs) represent an initial and essential host defense response against viruses. DENV has been reported to trigger a robust type I IFN response; however, IFN-α/β profile in the progression of disease is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN In this context, we conducted a retrospective study assessing the circulating serum levels of type I IFNs and related cytokines at different phases of illness in children during the 2011 outbreak of DENV in Paraguay. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and virological data were analyzed. RESULTS During defervescence, significantly higher levels of IFN-β, IL-6 and MIP-1β, were detected in severe vs. non-severe dengue patients. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between INF-α and viremia was detected in children with severe dengue. A significant positive correlation was also observed between IFN-β serum levels and hematocrit during the febrile phase, whereas IFN-α levels negatively correlated with white blood cells during defervescence in severe dengue patients. Furthermore, previous serologic status of patients to DENV did not influence type I IFN production. CONCLUSIONS The distinct type I IFN profile in children with dengue and severe dengue, as well as its association with viral load, cytokine production and laboratory manifestations indicate differences in innate and adaptive immune responses that should be investigated further in order to unveil the association of immunological and physiological pathways that underlie in DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Talarico
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Alana B Byrne
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sara Amarilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Asunción, Paraguay; National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Dolores Lovera
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Asunción, Paraguay; National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Patricio L Acosta
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | | | | | - Antonio Arbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Asunción, Paraguay; National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lebani K, Jones ML, Watterson D, Ranzoni A, Traves RJ, Young PR, Mahler SM. Isolation of serotype-specific antibodies against dengue virus non-structural protein 1 using phage display and application in a multiplexed serotyping assay. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180669. [PMID: 28683141 PMCID: PMC5500353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidimensional nature of dengue virus (DENV) infections, which can be caused by four distinct serotypes of the virus, complicates the sensitivity of assays designed for the diagnosis of infection. Different viral markers can be optimally detected at different stages of infection. Of particular clinical importance is the early identification of infection, which is pivotal for disease management and the development of blood screening assays. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is an early surrogate marker of infection and its detection in serum coincides with detectable viraemia. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterise serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies that bind to NS1 for each of the four DENV serotypes. This was achieved using phage display and a subtractive biopanning strategy to direct the antibody selection towards serotype-specific epitopes. This antibody isolation strategy has advantages over immunisation techniques where it is difficult to avoid antibody responses to cross-reactive, immunodominant epitopes. Serotype specificity to recombinant antigen for each of the antibodies was confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Surface Plasmon Resonance. Confirmation of binding to native DENV NS1 was achieved using ELISA and immunofluorescence assay on DENV infected Vero cells. No cross-reactivity with Zika or Kunjin viruses was observed. A previously isolated pan-reactive antibody that binds to an immunodominant epitope was able to pair with each of the serotype-specific antibodies in a sandwich ELISA, indicating that the serotype specific antibodies bind to epitopes which are all spatially distinct from the immunodominant epitope. These antibodies were suitable for use in a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV NS1 in human serum. This work demonstrates that phage display coupled with novel biopanning strategies is a valuable in vitro methodology for isolation of binders that can discern amongst antigens with high homology for diagnostic applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kebaneilwe Lebani
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea Ranzoni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renee J. Traves
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seshan V, Sarangan G, Sheriff K, Krishnasamy K, Palani G, Srikanth P. Serological, molecular and clinical correlates of dengue from a tertiary care centre in Chennai, India. Arch Virol 2017. [PMID: 28620811 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue disease is caused by dengue viruses 1-4 and has been ranked by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the fastest spreading vector-borne viral disease. Dengue is often underreported and misdiagnosed due to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Diagnosis of dengue is based on clinical case definitions and laboratory methods. Newer case definitions of dengue have been formulated by clinical studies in order to improve case detection. Owing to its epidemic potential, mortality and morbidity, there is a need for a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay for dengue in order to help the clinician in the early detection of cases and to prevent disease progression. A duplex real time PCR targeting the 3'UTR region for rapid and simultaneous detection of all dengue viruses serotypes (1-4) was standardized based on published literature. About 150 patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness classified based on the 2009 WHO dengue case definition were tested using the duplex real time dengue PCR. Sequencing based PCR was performed on selected PCR positive samples for partial nucleotide sequence of the CprM gene and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Statistical analysis was done using the MedCalc software. Out of the 126 patients classified as dengue disease positive, according to the 2009 WHO dengue case definition, 54% had "probable dengue", 43% had "dengue with warning signs" and 3% had "severe dengue". The performance of the duplex real time PCR was assessed among the various clinical groups of dengue and it was found that in the "dengue with warning signs group" PCR had a positive predictive value of 85.29% (range - 68.94% to 95.05%) when compared with dengue NS1 ELISA. The average time for PCR positivity was found to be four days from the onset of illness. The cycling threshold values obtained from real time PCR were used as a semi quantitative measure of viremia. Accordingly, there was a relatively low CT value among the "warning signs dengue group" when compared to the "probable dengue group". The use of the duplex PCR is suggested in the early diagnosis of dengue, especially in the 'warning signs' group of patients as they showed a higher positivity rate. Also, the use of the resultant CT value as a semi-quantitative measure of viremia will assist the clinician in early diagnosis and prevention of disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vigna Seshan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Gopalsamy Sarangan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Khaleefathullah Sheriff
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, SIDCO Industrial Area, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600032, India
| | - Kaveri Krishnasamy
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, SIDCO Industrial Area, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600032, India
| | - Gunasekaran Palani
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, SIDCO Industrial Area, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600032, India
| | - Padma Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Giry C, Roquebert B, Li-Pat-Yuen G, Gasque P, Jaffar-Bandjee MC. Simultaneous detection of chikungunya virus, dengue virus and human pathogenic Leptospira genomes using a multiplex TaqMan® assay. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:105. [PMID: 28468604 PMCID: PMC5415735 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2005–2006 a major epidemics of Chikungunya disease occurred in South-West Indian Ocean islands. In Reunion Island, the magnitude of Chikungunya infection related symptoms was high and with over 38% of serological prevalence in the population. This epidemics illustrated the potential threat of emerging arboviral diseases for inhabitants of Reunion Island and elsewhere since vectors are worldwide distributed. A sentinel surveillance network was set-up to detect emerging pathogens associated with fever over 38 °C and in the absence of known etiologic causes. Leptospirosis is caused by a pathogenic spirochete of the Leptospira genus and is an endemic and recurrent seasonal disease of great concern in Reunion Island. To accurately diagnose potentially infected patients and to advise Health authorities on the presence of emerging pathogens, a rapid diagnostic test was needed that could differentiate between these 3 pathogens. Methods A one-step multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed that can simultaneously detect RNA of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses and leptospiral DNA with good performance for a routine diagnostic use. Results Simplex protocols already published were used with key modifications to implement a triplex assay which was set-up with a small reaction volume to improve cost efficiency. Conclusions This approach has enabled greater diagnostic capacity in our laboratory. We established a multiplex approach validated and valuable for cost savings, and with the concurrent detection of 3 pathogens of public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Giry
- Centre National Arbovirus Associé, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France. .,Laboratoire de microbiologie et, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.
| | - Bénédicte Roquebert
- Centre National Arbovirus Associé, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,Laboratoire de microbiologie et, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de la Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Ghislaine Li-Pat-Yuen
- Centre National Arbovirus Associé, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,Laboratoire de microbiologie et, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale ZOI (LICE-OI), CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de la Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee
- Centre National Arbovirus Associé, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,Laboratoire de microbiologie et, CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale ZOI (LICE-OI), CHU de la Réunion-Site Nord, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.,UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de la Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
van Meer MPA, Mögling R, Klaasse J, Chandler FD, Pas SD, van der Eijk AA, Koopmans MPG, Reusken CBEM, GeurtsvanKessel CH. Re-evaluation of routine dengue virus serology in travelers in the era of Zika virus emergence. J Clin Virol 2017; 92:25-31. [PMID: 28505571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic requests for both Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) infections in returning travelers have significantly increased during the recent ZIKV outbreak in the Americás. These flaviviruses have overlapping clinical syndromes and geographical distribution, but diagnostic differentiation is important because of different clinical consequences. As flaviviruses are known to have a short viremic period, diagnostics often rely on serological methods, which are challenging due to extensive cross-reactive antibodies. OBJECTIVE To re-evaluate the performance of DENV serological assays in laboratory confirmed ZIKV-infected travelers. STUDY DESIGN The extent of cross-reactivity of the DENV NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG ELISA was analyzed in 152 clinical blood samples collected from 69 qRT-PCR and 24 virus neutralization titer (VNT) confirmed ZIKV-infected travelers. RESULTS The majority of travelers in the presented cohort returned to the Netherlands from Suriname and presented with symptoms of fever and rash. Twenty-three percent of the female travelers were pregnant. None of the 39 ZIKV RNA positive blood samples were cross-reactive in the DENV NS1 antigen ELISA. The rates of cross-reactivity of the DENV IgM and IgG ELISÁs were 31% and 54%, respectively, after excluding travelers with (potential) previous DENV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Although the DENV NS1 antigen assay was highly specific in this cohort of laboratory confirmed ZIKV-infected travelers, we demonstrate high percentages of cross-reactivity of DENV IgM and IgG ELISÁs of which diagnostic laboratories should be aware. In addition, the high rate of DENV IgG background of >25% complicates a proper serological diagnosis in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurits P A van Meer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ramona Mögling
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janienne Klaasse
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicity D Chandler
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan D Pas
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B E M Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Role of Heterotypic DENV-specific CD8 +T Lymphocytes in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Secondary Dengue Virus Infection. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:202-216. [PMID: 28483582 PMCID: PMC5478214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide and is caused by the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4). Sequential heterologous DENV infections can be associated with severe disease manifestations. Here, we present an immunocompetent mouse model of secondary DENV infection using non mouse-adapted DENV strains to investigate the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease. C57BL/6 mice infected sequentially with DENV-1 (strain Puerto Rico/94) and DENV-2 (strain Tonga/74) developed low platelet counts, internal hemorrhages, and increase of liver enzymes. Cross-reactive CD8+ T lymphocytes were found to be necessary and sufficient for signs of severe disease by adoptively transferring of DENV-1-immune CD8+T lymphocytes before DENV-2 challenge. Disease signs were associated with production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and elevated cytotoxicity displayed by heterotypic anti-DENV-1 CD8+ T lymphocytes. These findings highlight the critical role of heterotypic anti-DENV CD8+ T lymphocytes in manifestations of severe dengue disease.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhatnagar J, Rabeneck DB, Martines RB, Reagan-Steiner S, Ermias Y, Estetter LBC, Suzuki T, Ritter J, Keating MK, Hale G, Gary J, Muehlenbachs A, Lambert A, Lanciotti R, Oduyebo T, Meaney-Delman D, Bolaños F, Saad EAP, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR. Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:405-414. [PMID: 27959260 PMCID: PMC5382738 DOI: 10.3201/eid2303.161499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is causally linked with congenital microcephaly and may be associated with pregnancy loss. However, the mechanisms of Zika virus intrauterine transmission and replication and its tropism and persistence in tissues are poorly understood. We tested tissues from 52 case-patients: 8 infants with microcephaly who died and 44 women suspected of being infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. By reverse transcription PCR, tissues from 32 (62%) case-patients (brains from 8 infants with microcephaly and placental/fetal tissues from 24 women) were positive for Zika virus. In situ hybridization localized replicative Zika virus RNA in brains of 7 infants and in placentas of 9 women who had pregnancy losses during the first or second trimester. These findings demonstrate that Zika virus replicates and persists in fetal brains and placentas, providing direct evidence of its association with microcephaly. Tissue-based reverse transcription PCR extends the time frame of Zika virus detection in congenital and pregnancy-associated infections.
Collapse
|
46
|
Preparation of MS2-based nanoparticles as control and standard materials for the molecular detection of dengue virus serotypes. Virus Res 2017; 233:42-50. [PMID: 28288812 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To quantify dengue virus (DENV) and evaluate the performance of clinical laboratories using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays, we constructed high-efficiency expression systems to produce DENV-1 to 4 nanoparticles and assessed their suitability as standard and control materials in 20 laboratories across China. Targeted gene sequences of DENV-1 to 4 were synthesized and inserted into pACYC-Duet 1-MS2 recombinant plasmids to generate corresponding nanoparticle expression systems. After collection, verification, and quantification by digital PCR (dPCR), DENV-1 to 4 nanoparticles were prepared as control and standard materials. Five positive and three negative samples of each DENV serotype in every panel were used for assessing the performance of the participating laboratories across China, as well as standard materials for the quantitative detection of DENV using qRT-PCR assays. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of qRT-PCR used by the 20 evaluated laboratories were 89.6 (569/635), 85.1 (336/395), and 97.1% (233/240), respectively. Overall, sixteen (80.0%) laboratories were qualified in detecting DENV, among which five (25.0%) were designated as "competent", eleven (55.0%) were defined as "acceptable", and four (20%) were considered to be "improvable". The results generated from the DENV standard samples were significantly positively correlated with those generated by dPCR (r2=0.8698, P<0.001). In summary, DENV nanoparticles could potentially be used as controls for improving the performance of laboratories and as standards for the quantitative detection of DENV.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of viral infections enhances the ability of the clinician to make decisions on appropriate treatment of patients, evaluate disease progression and prevent misuse of antibiotics. Knowledge of the pathogen involved also allow implementation of infection control and monitoring of success of antiviral treatments that may affect the prognosis of patients. Epidemiological data collected through accurate diagnostics play an important role in public health through identification and control of outbreaks, implementation of appropriate diagnostic tests, vaccination programs and treatment but also to recognize common and emerging pathogens in a community. It is key that the clinician have an understanding of appropriate specimens to send to the laboratory and the value of specific nucleic acid and serological testing for different viral pathogens. Molecular techniques have revolutionized viral diagnoses over the past decade and enhanced both the sensitivity and specificity of tests and the speed by which a diagnosis can be made and new tests be developed. The continued use of serology for viruses with a short viremia, or for chronic infections should however complement these tests. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the available tests, the principles of testing and appropriate tests to select for different viruses and syndromes. Also provided is a glimpse of new developments in diagnostics that may further enhance the capacity to make a conclusive diagnosis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. Green
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, School of Medicine, Pretoria, ZA, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sekaran SD, Soe HJ. Issues in contemporary and potential future molecular diagnostics for dengue. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 17:217-223. [PMID: 28004604 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1275963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue has been the most common arbovirus infection worldwide with 2.5 billion people living in over 100 endemic tropical and subtropical regions. Due to the high number of asymptomatic cases and the signs and symptoms being rather unspecific, dengue cases are often under-reported and might influence dengue surveillance programs. Therefore, a rapid, easy to use, inexpensive, and highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool is essential for early and accurate diagnosis to ease the clinical management of patients as well as for the development of new interventions. Areas covered: This report discusses the contemporary dengue diagnostic tool, mainly from the aspect of molecular diagnosis where an overview of several nuclei acid amplification tests has been included. Potential molecular diagnostic tools such as biosensor and microarray are also discussed in this report. Expert commentary: Rapidness and accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity is imperative in dengue diagnosis for both clinical management and surveillance of dengue to ensure early treatment and corrective control measures can be carried out. In the next five years it is expected that there will be newer tests developed using not only the lateral flow techniques but more specifically biosensors and nanotechnology. These new technologies will have to be validated with the appropriate number and category of samples and to address the issue of cross-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Devi Sekaran
- a Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hui Jen Soe
- a Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tsai HP, Tsai YY, Lin IT, Kuo PH, Chang KC, Chen JC, Ko WC, Wang JR. Validation and Application of a Commercial Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay in Investigation of a Large Dengue Virus Outbreak in Southern Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005036. [PMID: 27732593 PMCID: PMC5061319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate, rapid, and early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infections is essential for optimal clinical care. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-LightMix dengue virus EC kit for DENV detection using samples from a dengue outbreak in Taiwan in 2015. Methods Sera from patients with suspected DENV infection were analyzed and compared using the LightMix kit, a Dengue NS1 Ag + Ab Combo kit for detection of NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies, and an “in-house” qualitative DENV-specific RT-PCR assay. Results A total of 8,989, 8,954, and 1581 samples were subjected to NS1 antigen detection, IgM and IgG detection, and LightMix assays, respectively. The LightMix assay yielded a linear curve for viral loads (VL) between 102 and 106 copies/reaction, and the minimum detection limits for DENV serotype 1 (DENV1) and DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 were 1, 10, and 100 focus forming units (FFU)/mL, respectively. There was 88.9% concordance between the results obtained using the NS1 antigen combo kit and by LightMix analysis, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were 89.4 and 100%, and 84.7 and 100%, respectively. Notably, fatal cases were attributed to DENV2 infection, and 79.5% (27/34) of these cases occurred in patients ≥ 71 years of age. Among these older patients, 82.3% (14/17) were NS1/IgM/IgG (+/-/-), exhibiting VLs between 106–109 copies/mL, which was markedly higher than the rate observed in the other age groups. Conclusions The LightMix assay was effective for early diagnosis of DENV infection. Our data indicate that high VLs during primary infection in elderly patients may be a positive predictor for severe illness, and may contribute to high mortality rates. The LightMix dengue virus EC qRT-PCR assay is effective for early diagnosis of DENV infection. High viral loads during primary infection in elderly patients may comprise a positive predictor for severe illness, and may contribute to high mortality rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hwa Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martines RB, Bhatnagar J, de Oliveira Ramos AM, Davi HPF, Iglezias SD, Kanamura CT, Keating MK, Hale G, Silva-Flannery L, Muehlenbachs A, Ritter J, Gary J, Rollin D, Goldsmith CS, Reagan-Steiner S, Ermias Y, Suzuki T, Luz KG, de Oliveira WK, Lanciotti R, Lambert A, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR. Pathology of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: a case series. Lancet 2016; 388:898-904. [PMID: 27372395 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that is a member of the family Flaviviridae transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Although usually asymptomatic, infection can result in a mild and self-limiting illness characterised by fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. An increase in the number of children born with microcephaly was noted in 2015 in regions of Brazil with high transmission of Zika virus. More recently, evidence has been accumulating supporting a link between Zika virus and microcephaly. Here, we describe findings from three fatal cases and two spontaneous abortions associated with Zika virus infection. METHODS In this case series, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from five cases, including two newborn babies with microcephaly and severe arthrogryposis who died shortly after birth, one 2-month-old baby, and two placentas from spontaneous abortions, from Brazil were submitted to the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA) between December, 2015, and March, 2016. Specimens were assessed by histopathological examination, immunohistochemical assays using a mouse anti-Zika virus antibody, and RT-PCR assays targeting the NS5 and envelope genes. Amplicons of RT-PCR positive cases were sequenced for characterisation of strains. FINDINGS Viral antigens were localised to glial cells and neurons and associated with microcalcifications in all three fatal cases with microcephaly. Antigens were also seen in chorionic villi of one of the first trimester placentas. Tissues from all five cases were positive for Zika virus RNA by RT-PCR, and sequence analyses showed highest identities with Zika virus strains isolated from Brazil during 2015. INTERPRETATION These findings provide strong evidence of a link between Zika virus infection and different congenital central nervous system malformations, including microcephaly as well as arthrogryposis and spontaneous abortions. FUNDING None.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abortion, Spontaneous/virology
- Adult
- Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification
- Autopsy
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/virology
- Brazil
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Infant
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/virology
- Male
- Microcephaly/pathology
- Microcephaly/virology
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Neuroglia/virology
- Placenta/pathology
- Placenta/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- Pregnancy Trimester, Third
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Syndrome
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
- Zika Virus/immunology
- Zika Virus/isolation & purification
- Zika Virus Infection/congenital
- Zika Virus Infection/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roosecelis Brasil Martines
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julu Bhatnagar
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Maria de Oliveira Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Service for Ascertaining Death in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (SVO/RN), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - M Kelly Keating
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gillian Hale
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luciana Silva-Flannery
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Atis Muehlenbachs
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joy Gary
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dominique Rollin
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Reagan-Steiner
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yokabed Ermias
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kleber G Luz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Robert Lanciotti
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy Lambert
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|