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Riana E, Sri-In C, Songkasupa T, Bartholomay LC, Thontiravong A, Tiawsirisup S. Infection, dissemination, and transmission of lumpy skin disease virus in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) mosquitoes. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107205. [PMID: 38579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a transboundary viral disease in cattle and water buffaloes. Although this Poxvirus is supposedly transmitted by mechanical vectors, only a few studies have investigated the role of local vectors in the transmission of LSDV. This study examined the infection, dissemination, and transmission rates of LSDV in Aedes aegypti, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus following artificial membrane feeding of 102.7, 103.7, 104.7 TCID50/mL LSDV in sheep blood. The results demonstrated that these mosquito species were susceptible to LSDV, with Cx tritaeniorhynchus exhibiting significantly different characteristics from Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These three mosquito species were susceptible to LSDV. Ae. aegypti showed it as early as 2 days post-infection (dpi), indicating swift dissemination in this particular species. The extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of LSDV in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus was 8 and 14 dpi, respectively. Ingestion of different viral titers in blood did not affect the infection, dissemination, or transmission rates of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. All rates remained consistently high at 8-14 dpi for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. In all three species, LSDV remained detectable until 14 dpi. The present findings indicate that, Ae. aegypti, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus may act as vectors during the LSDV outbreak; their involvement may extend beyond being solely mechanical vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Riana
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Animal Vector-Borne Diseases, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalida Sri-In
- Center of Excellence in Animal Vector-Borne Diseases, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- Virology section, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Center of Excellence in Animal Vector-Borne Diseases, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Center of Excellence in Animal Vector-Borne Diseases, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Cao J, Zheng W, Chen B, Yan Z, Tang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Ang S, Li C, Wu R, Wu P, Chen WH. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (Chachi) and Its Anti-Mosquito Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes albopictus. INSECTS 2024; 15:345. [PMID: 38786901 PMCID: PMC11122156 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The overuse of synthetic insecticides has led to various negative consequences, including insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and harm to public health. This may be ameliorated by using insecticides derived from botanical sources. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-mosquito activity of the essential oil (EO) of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (Chachi) (referred to as CRB) at immature, semi-mature, and mature stages. The chemical compositions of the CRB EO were analyzed using GC-MS. The main components were identified to be D-limonene and γ-terpinene. The contents of D-limonene at the immature, semi-mature, and mature stages were 62.35%, 76.72%, and 73.15%, respectively; the corresponding contents of γ-terpinene were 14.26%, 11.04%, and 11.27%, respectively. In addition, the corresponding contents of a characteristic component, methyl 2-aminobenzoate, were 4.95%, 1.93%, and 2.15%, respectively. CRB EO exhibited significant larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus, Diptera: Culicidae), with the 50% lethal doses being 65.32, 61.47, and 65.91 mg/L for immature, semi-mature, and mature CRB EO, respectively. CRB EO was able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and three detoxification enzymes, significantly reduce the diversity of internal microbiota in mosquitoes, and decrease the relative abundance of core species within the microbiota. The present results may provide novel insights into the utilization of plant-derived essential oils in anti-mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China;
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
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Tretyakova I, Joh J, Gearon M, Kraenzle J, Goedeker S, Pignataro A, Alejandro B, Lukashevich IS, Chung D, Pushko P. Live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine with rearranged genome replicates in vitro and induces immune response in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012120. [PMID: 38648230 PMCID: PMC11075892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes wide-spread human infections and epidemics in Asia, Africa and recently, in the Americas. CHIKV is considered a priority pathogen by CEPI and WHO. Despite recent approval of a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine, development of additional vaccines is warranted due to the worldwide outbreaks of CHIKV. Previously, we developed immunization DNA (iDNA) plasmid capable of launching live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine in vivo. Here we report the use of CHIKV iDNA plasmid to prepare a novel, live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine V5040 with rearranged RNA genome. In V5040, genomic RNA was rearranged to encode capsid gene downstream from the glycoprotein genes. Attenuated mutations derived from experimental CHIKV 181/25 vaccine were also engineered into E2 gene of V5040. The DNA copy of rearranged CHIKV genomic RNA with attenuated mutations was cloned into iDNA plasmid pMG5040 downstream from the CMV promoter. After transfection in vitro, pMG5040 launched replication of V5040 virus with rearranged genome and attenuating E2 mutations. Furthermore, V5040 virus was evaluated in experimental murine models for general safety and immunogenicity. Vaccination with V5040 virus subcutaneously resulted in elicitation of CHIKV-specific, virus-neutralizing antibodies. The results warrant further evaluation of V5040 virus with rearranged genome as a novel live-attenuated vaccine for CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joongho Joh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mary Gearon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Kraenzle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sidney Goedeker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ava Pignataro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brian Alejandro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Donghoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Chen H, Phuektes P, Yeo LS, Wong YH, Lee RCH, Yi B, Hou X, Liu S, Cai Y, Chu JJH. Attenuation of neurovirulence of chikungunya virus by a single amino acid mutation in viral E2 envelope protein. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:8. [PMID: 38229040 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has reemerged as a major public health concern, causing chikungunya fever with increasing cases and neurological complications. METHODS In the present study, we investigated a low-passage human isolate of the East/ Central/South African (ECSA) lineage of CHIKV strain LK(EH)CH6708, which exhibited a mix of small and large viral plaques. The small and large plaque variants were isolated and designated as CHIKV-SP and CHIKV-BP, respectively. CHIKV-SP and CHIKV-BP were characterized in vitro and in vivo to compare their virus production and virulence. Additionally, whole viral genome analysis and reverse genetics were employed to identify genomic virulence factors. RESULTS CHIKV-SP demonstrated lower virus production in mammalian cells and attenuated virulence in a murine model. On the other hand, CHIKV-BP induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, compromised the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and led to astrocyte infection in mouse brains. Furthermore, the CHIKV-SP variant had limited transmission potential in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, likely due to restricted dissemination. Whole viral genome analysis revealed multiple genetic mutations in the CHIKV-SP variant, including a Glycine (G) to Arginine (R) mutation at position 55 in the viral E2 glycoprotein. Reverse genetics experiments confirmed that the E2-G55R mutation alone was sufficient to reduce virus production in vitro and virulence in mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the attenuating effects of the E2-G55R mutation on CHIKV pathogenicity and neurovirulence and emphasize the importance of monitoring this mutation in natural infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patchara Phuektes
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Li Sze Yeo
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hao Wong
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bowen Yi
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sen Liu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Collaborative and Translation Unit for HFMD, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Battisti V, Moesslacher J, Abdelnabi R, Leyssen P, Rosales Rosas AL, Langendries L, Aufy M, Studenik C, Kratz JM, Rollinger JM, Puerstinger G, Neyts J, Delang L, Urban E, Langer T. Design, synthesis, and lead optimization of piperazinyl-pyrimidine analogues as potent small molecules targeting the viral capping machinery of Chikungunya virus. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116010. [PMID: 38104375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide re-emerge of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the high morbidity associated with it, and the lack of an available vaccine or antiviral treatment make the development of a potent CHIKV-inhibitor highly desirable. Therefore, an extensive lead optimization was performed based on the previously reported CHVB compound 1b and the reported synthesis route was optimized - improving the overall yield in remarkably shorter synthesis and work-up time. Hundred analogues were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their antiviral activity, physiochemistry, and toxicological profile. An extensive structure-activity relationship study (SAR) was performed, which focused mainly on the combination of scaffold changes and revealed the key chemical features for potent anti-CHIKV inhibition. Further, a thorough ADMET investigation of the compounds was carried out: the compounds were screened for their aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, their toxicity in CaCo-2 cells, and possible hERG channel interactions. Additionally, 55 analogues were assessed for their metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (HLMs), leading to a structure-metabolism relationship study (SMR). The compounds showed an excellent safety profile, favourable physicochemical characteristics, and the required metabolic stability. A cross-resistance study confirmed the viral capping machinery (nsP1) to be the viral target of these compounds. This study identified 31b and 34 as potent, safe, and stable lead compounds for further development as selective CHIKV inhibitors. Finally, the collected insight led to a successful scaffold hop (64b) for future antiviral research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Battisti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Moesslacher
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Lucia Rosales Rosas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lana Langendries
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Studenik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jadel M Kratz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Puerstinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Laverdeur J, Desmecht D, Hayette MP, Darcis G. Dengue and chikungunya: future threats for Northern Europe? FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 4:1342723. [PMID: 38456075 PMCID: PMC10911022 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2024.1342723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases are likely to be affected by the consequences of climate change with an increase in their distribution and intensity. Among these infectious diseases, chikungunya and dengue viruses are two (re)emergent arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes and which have recently demonstrated their capacity for rapid expansion. They most often cause mild diseases, but they can both be associated with complications and severe forms. In Europe, following the establishment of invasive Aedes spp, the first outbreaks of autochtonous dengue and chikungunya have already occurred. Northern Europe is currently relatively spared, but climatic projections show that the conditions are permissive for the establishment of Aedes albopictus (also known as the tiger mosquito) in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to question and improve the means of surveillance in northern Europe, at the dawn of inevitable future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Laverdeur
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Griffin CD, Weber DE, Seabourn P, Waianuhea LK, Medeiros MCI. Filtration of environmentally sourced aquatic media impacts laboratory-colonised Aedes albopictus early development and adult bacteriome composition. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:693-704. [PMID: 37340616 PMCID: PMC10650568 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms form close associations with metazoan hosts forming symbiotic communities, known as microbiomes, that modulate host physiological processes. Mosquitoes are of special interest in exploring microbe-modulated host processes due to their oversized impact on human health. However, most mosquito work is done under controlled laboratory conditions where natural microbiomes are not present and inferences from these studies may not extend to natural populations. Here we attempt to assemble a wild-resembling bacteriome under laboratory conditions in an established laboratory colony of Aedes albopictus using aquatic media from environmentally-exposed and differentially filtered larval habitats. While we did not successfully replicate a wild bacteriome using these filtrations, we show that these manipulations alter the bacteriomes of mosquitoes, generating a unique composition not seen in wild populations collected from and near our source water or in our laboratory colony. We also demonstrate that our filtration regimens impact larval development times, as well as impact adult survival on different carbohydrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasen D Griffin
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Danya E Weber
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Priscilla Seabourn
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lorraine K Waianuhea
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Matthew C I Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Center for Microbiome Analysis through Island Knowledge and Investigation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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8
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Christofferson RC, Turner EA, Peña-García VH. Identifying Knowledge Gaps through the Systematic Review of Temperature-Driven Variability in the Competence of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus for Chikungunya Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 38003832 PMCID: PMC10675276 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competence is the intrinsic ability of a mosquito population to become infected with and transmit a virus, while EIP is the time it takes for the virus to reach the salivary glands and be expectorated following an infectious bloodmeal. Temperatures outside the optimal range act on life traits, decreasing transmission potential, while increasing temperature within the optimal range correlates to increasing vector competence and a decreased EIP. These relatively well-studied effects of other Aedes borne viruses (dengue and Zika) are used to make predictions about transmission efficiency, including the challenges presented by urban heat islands and climate change. However, the knowledge of temperature and chikungunya (CHIKV) dynamics within its two primary vectors-Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus-remains less characterized, even though CHIKV remains a virus of public-health importance. Here, we review the literature and summarize the state of the literature on CHIKV and temperature dependence of vector competence and EIP and use these data to demonstrate how the remaining knowledge gap might confound the ability to adequately predict and, thus, prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik A. Turner
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BAJ, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561615. [PMID: 37873393 PMCID: PMC10592756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we find that during the first 24 h of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulates in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response, including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN, was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, we find that antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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Tretyakova I, Joh J, Lukashevich IS, Alejandro B, Gearon M, Chung D, Pushko P. Live-Attenuated CHIKV Vaccine with Rearranged Genome Replicates in vitro and Induces Immune Response in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.16.558061. [PMID: 37745520 PMCID: PMC10516039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes wide-spread human infections and epidemics in Asia, Africa and recently, in the Americas. There is no approved vaccine and CHIKV is considered a priority pathogen by CEPI and WHO. Previously, we developed immunization DNA (iDNA) plasmid capable of launching live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine in vivo . Here we report the use of CHIKV iDNA plasmid to prepare a novel, live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine V5040 with rearranged RNA genome for improved safety. In V5040, genomic RNA was rearranged to encode capsid gene downstream from the glycoprotein genes. To secure safety profile, attenuated mutations derived from experimental CHIKV 181/25 vaccine were also engineered into E2 gene of V5040. The DNA copy of rearranged CHIKV genomic RNA with attenuated mutations was cloned into iDNA plasmid pMG5040 downstream from the CMV promoter. After transfection in vitro, pMG5040 launched replication of V5040 virus with rearranged genome and attenuating E2 mutations. Furthermore, V5040 virus was evaluated in experimental murine models for safety and immunogenicity. Vaccination with V5040 virus subcutaneously resulted in elicitation of CHIKV-specific, virus-neutralizing antibodies. The results warrant further evaluation of V5040 virus with rearranged genome as a novel live-attenuated vaccine for CHIKV.
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11
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Reitmayer CM, Levitt E, Basu S, Atkinson B, Fragkoudis R, Merits A, Lumley S, Larner W, Diaz AV, Rooney S, Thomas CJE, von Wyschetzki K, Rausalu K, Alphey L. Mimicking superinfection exclusion disrupts alphavirus infection and transmission in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303080120. [PMID: 37669371 PMCID: PMC10500260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303080120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple viruses, including pathogenic viruses, bacteriophages, and even plant viruses, cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby a currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or a closely related virus. In alphaviruses, this process is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the viral protease (nsP2) which is responsible for processing the nonstructural polyproteins (P123 and P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming the viral replication complex. Taking a synthetic biology approach, we mimicked this naturally occurring phenomenon by generating a superinfection exclusion-like state in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, rendering them refractory to alphavirus infection. By artificially expressing Sindbis virus (SINV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP2 in mosquito cells and transgenic mosquitoes, we demonstrated a reduction in both SINV and CHIKV viral replication rates in cells following viral infection as well as reduced infection prevalence, viral titers, and transmission potential in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Levitt
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Basu
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Atkinson
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Rennos Fragkoudis
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Merits
- Applied Virology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu50411, Estonia
| | - Sarah Lumley
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Will Larner
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana V. Diaz
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Rooney
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Callum J. E. Thomas
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kai Rausalu
- Applied Virology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu50411, Estonia
| | - Luke Alphey
- Arthropod Genetics, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
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12
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Ngwe Tun MM, Kyaw AK, Nwe KM, Myaing SS, Win YT, Inoue S, Takamatsu Y, Urano T, Thu HM, Hmone SW, Thant KZ, Morita K. Burden of Chikungunya Virus Infection during an Outbreak in Myanmar. Viruses 2023; 15:1734. [PMID: 37632076 PMCID: PMC10459206 DOI: 10.3390/v15081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is a re-emerging arboviral disease with no approved vaccine, although numerous options are in development. Before vaccine implementation, disease burden, affected age group, and hospitalization rate information should be documented. In 2019, a sizeable outbreak of the East Central South African genotype of CHIKV occurred in Myanmar, and during this period, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two regions, Mandalay and Yangon, to examine the molecular and seropositivity rate of the CHIKV infection. The participants (1124) included dengue-suspected pediatric patients, blood donors, and healthy volunteers, who were assessed using molecular assays (quantitative real-time RT-PCR), serological tests (anti-CHIKV IgM capture and IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), and neutralization tests. The tests confirmed the following positivity rates: 11.3% (127/1124) for the molecular assay, 12.4% (139/1124) for the anti-CHIKV IgM Ab, 44.5% (500/1124) for the anti-CHIKV IgG Ab, and 46.3% (520/1124) for the CHIKV neutralizing Ab. The highest rate for the molecular test occurred with the dengue-suspected pediatric patients. The seroprevalence rate through natural infection was higher in the healthy volunteers and blood donors than that in the pediatric patients. The results of this study will help stakeholders determine the criteria for choosing appropriate recipients when a CHIKV vaccine is introduced in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Khine Mya Nwe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
| | - Su Su Myaing
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Ye Thu Win
- 550-Bedded Children Hospital (Mandalay), Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Mandalay City 05021, Myanmar;
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Hlaing Myat Thu
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Saw Wutt Hmone
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine-1, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11131, Myanmar;
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Myanmar Academy of Medical Science, Yangon 11201, Myanmar;
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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13
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Obame-Nkoghe J, Roiz D, Ngangue MF, Costantini C, Rahola N, Jiolle D, Lehmann D, Makaga L, Ayala D, Kengne P, Paupy C. Towards the invasion of wild and rural forested areas in Gabon (Central Africa) by the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: Potential risks from the one health perspective. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011501. [PMID: 37585443 PMCID: PMC10461836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first record in urban areas of Central-Africa in the 2000s, the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has spread throughout the region, including in remote villages in forested areas, causing outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya. Such invasion might enhance Ae. albopictus interactions with wild animals in forest ecosystems and favor the spillover of zoonotic arboviruses to humans. The aim of this study was to monitor Ae. albopictus spread in the wildlife reserve of La Lopé National Park (Gabon), and evaluate the magnitude of the rainforest ecosystem colonization. METHODOLOGY From 2014 to 2018, we used ovitraps, larval surveys, BG-Sentinel traps, and human landing catches along an anthropization gradient from La Lopé village to the natural forest in the Park. CONCLUSIONS We detected Ae. albopictus in gallery forest up to 15 km away from La Lopé village. However, Ae. albopictus was significantly more abundant at anthropogenic sites than in less anthropized areas. The number of eggs laid by Ae. albopictus decreased progressively with the distance from the forest fringe up to 200m inside the forest. Our results suggested that in forest ecosystems, high Ae. albopictus density is mainly observed at interfaces between anthropized and natural forested environments. Additionally, our data suggested that Ae. albopictus may act as a bridge vector of zoonotic pathogens between wild and anthropogenic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - David Roiz
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc-Flaubert Ngangue
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Quartier Haut de Gué Gué, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Nil Rahola
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Davy Jiolle
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Lehmann
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Quartier Haut de Gué Gué, Libreville, Gabon
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Loïc Makaga
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Quartier Haut de Gué Gué, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Kengne
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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14
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Bellone R, Lechat P, Mousson L, Gilbart V, Piorkowski G, Bohers C, Merits A, Kornobis E, Reveillaud J, Paupy C, Vazeille M, Martinet JP, Madec Y, De Lamballerie X, Dauga C, Failloux AB. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad062. [PMID: 37171132 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change and globalization contribute to the expansion of mosquito vectors and their associated pathogens. Long spared, temperate regions have had to deal with the emergence of arboviruses traditionally confined to tropical regions. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Europe in 2007, causing a localized outbreak in Italy, which then recurred repeatedly over the years in other European localities. This raises the question of climate effects, particularly temperature, on the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms set up in the vector in response to temperature. METHODS We combine three complementary approaches by examining Aedes albopictus mosquito gene expression (transcriptomics), bacterial flora (metagenomics) and CHIKV evolutionary dynamics (genomics) induced by viral infection and temperature changes. RESULTS We show that temperature alters profoundly mosquito gene expression, bacterial microbiome and viral population diversity. We observe that (i) CHIKV infection upregulated most genes (mainly in immune and stress-related pathways) at 20°C but not at 28°C, (ii) CHIKV infection significantly increased the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens at 28°C and (iii) CHIKV evolutionary dynamics were different according to temperature. CONCLUSION The substantial changes detected in the vectorial system (the vector and its bacterial microbiota, and the arbovirus) lead to temperature-specific adjustments to reach the ultimate goal of arbovirus transmission; at 20°C and 28°C, the Asian tiger mosquito Ae. albopictus was able to transmit CHIKV at the same efficiency. Therefore, CHIKV is likely to continue its expansion in the northern regions and could become a public health problem in more countries than those already affected in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lechat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Gilbart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Chloé Bohers
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM), IRD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM), IRD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Martinet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
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15
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Veronesi E, Paslaru A, Ettlin J, Ravasi D, Flacio E, Tanadini M, Guidi V. Estimating the Impact of Consecutive Blood Meals on Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Chikungunya Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:849. [PMID: 37375539 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous expansion of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the increases in autochthonous arboviruses transmissions in the region urge a better understanding of the virus transmission dynamic. Recent work described enhanced chikungunya virus (CHIKV) dissemination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to a virus-free blood meal three days after their infection with CHIKV. Our study investigated the impact of a second blood meal on the vector competence of Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland infected with CHIKV. Seven-day-old Ae. albopictus females were exposed to CHIKV-spiked blood and incubated at constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-28 °C) temperatures. Four days post-infection (dpi), some of these females were re-fed with a non-infectious blood meal. Virus infectivity, dissemination, transmission rate, and efficiency were investigated at seven and ten dpi. No enhanced dissemination rate was observed among females fed a second time; however, re-fed females have shown higher transmission efficiency than those fed only once after seven days post-infection and incubated under a fluctuating temperature regime. Vector competence for CHIKV was confirmed in Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland. We did not observe an increase in dissemination rates among mosquitoes fed a second time (second blood meal), regardless of the temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Veronesi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Anca Paslaru
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich (UZH), 5404 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Ettlin
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich (UZH), 5404 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Damiana Ravasi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Flacio
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tanadini
- Zurich Data Scientists GmbH, Sihlquai 131, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Guidi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
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16
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Lambrechts L. Does arbovirus emergence in humans require adaptation to domestic mosquitoes? Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101315. [PMID: 36996522 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, several mosquito-borne arboviruses of zoonotic origin have established large-scale epidemic transmission cycles in the human population. It is often considered that arbovirus emergence is driven by adaptive evolution, such as virus adaptation for transmission by 'domestic' mosquito vector species that live in close association with humans. Here, I argue that although arbovirus adaptation to domestic mosquito vectors has been observed for several emerging arboviruses, it was generally not directly responsible for their initial emergence. Secondary adaptation to domestic mosquitoes often amplified epidemic transmission, however, this was more likely a consequence than a cause of arbovirus emergence. Considering that emerging arboviruses are generally 'preadapted' for transmission by domestic mosquito vectors may help to enhance preparedness toward future arbovirus emergence events.
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17
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Mutsaers M, Engdahl CS, Wilkman L, Ahlm C, Evander M, Lwande OW. Vector competence of Anopheles stephensi for O'nyong-nyong virus: a risk for global virus spread. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:133. [PMID: 37069603 PMCID: PMC10111657 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus causing sporadic outbreaks of febrile illness with rash and polyarthralgia. Up to now, ONNV has been restricted to Africa and only two competent vectors have been found, Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus, which are also known malaria vectors. With globalization and invasive mosquito species migrating to ONNV endemic areas, there is a possible risk of introduction of the virus to other countries and continents. Anopheles stephensi, is closely related to An. gambiae and one of the invasive mosquito species of Asian origin that is now present in the Horn of Africa and spreading further east. We hypothesize that An. stephensi, a known primary urban malaria vector, may also serve as a new possible vector for ONNV. METHODS One-week-old female adult An. stephensi were exposed to ONNV-infected blood, and the vector competence for ONNV, i.e. infection rates (IRs), dissemination rates (DRs), transmission rates (TRs), dissemination efficiency (DEs) and transmission efficiency (TEs), were evaluated. Infection (IRs), dissemination efficiency (DEs) and transmission efficiency (TEs) were determined. Detection of ONNV RNA was analysed by RT-qPCR in the thorax and abdomen, head, wings, legs and saliva of the infected mosquitoes at four different time points, day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after blood meal. Infectious virus in saliva was assessed by infection of Vero B4 cells. RESULTS The mean mortality across all sampling times was 27.3% (95 confidence interval [CI] 14.7-44.2%). The mean rate of infection across all sampling periods was 89.5% (95% CI 70.6-95.9). The mean dissemination rate across sampling intervals was 43.4% (95% CI 24.3-64.2%). The mean TR and TE across all mosquito sampling time intervals were 65.3 (95% CI 28.6-93.5) and 74.6 (95% CI 52.1-89.4). The IR was 100%, 79.3%, 78.6% and 100% respectively at 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi. The DR was the highest at 7 dpi with 76.0%, followed by 28 dpi at 57.1%, 21 dpi at 27.3% and 14 dpi at the lowest DR of 13.04%. DE was 76%, 13.8%, 25%, 57.1% and TR was 79%, 50%, 57.1% and 75% at 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi respectively. The TE was the highest at 28 dpi, with a proportion of 85.7%. For 7, 14 and 21 dpi the transmission efficiency was 72.0%, 65.5% and 75.0% respectively. CONCLUSION Anopheles stephensi is a competent vector for ONNV and being an invasive species spreading to different parts of the world will likely spread the virus to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Lukas Wilkman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Henderson Sousa F, Ghaisani Komarudin A, Findlay-Greene F, Bowolaksono A, Sasmono RT, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Evolution and immunopathology of chikungunya virus informs therapeutic development. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049804. [PMID: 37014125 PMCID: PMC10110403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is an emerging global threat identified in more than 60 countries across continents. The risk of CHIKV transmission is rising due to increased global interactions, year-round presence of mosquito vectors, and the ability of CHIKV to produce high host viral loads and undergo mutation. Although CHIKV disease is rarely fatal, it can progress to a chronic stage, during which patients experience severe debilitating arthritis that can last from several weeks to months or years. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs for CHIKV disease, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. This Review provides an overview of CHIKV pathogenesis and explores the available therapeutic options and the most recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies against CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Henderson Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amalina Ghaisani Komarudin
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Fern Findlay-Greene
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
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19
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Giangaspero M, Okabayashi T. Serological survey on bovine viral diarrhea virus in man and evaluation of relation with Zika virus-associated microcephaly. Open Vet J 2023; 13:400-406. [PMID: 37251263 PMCID: PMC10219823 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2015, an unprecedented epidemic of microcephaly occurred in Brazil. Preliminary observations suggested the involvement of cofactors in the etiopathology of Zika virus-associated microcephaly. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was identified in fetal samples with microcephaly, originating in the state of Paraíba, and two virus sequences, obtained from the amniotic fluid collected from mothers with babies affected by Zika and microcephaly, have been characterized as two different species of BVDV, types 1 and 2. Aim The involvement of BVDV as a co-factor in the etiopathogenesis of Zika virus-associated microcephaly was explored. Methods A serological screening using an ELISA test was undertaken to detect antibodies against BVDV among patients referred to the Central Laboratory of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, encompassing microcephalic babies and their mothers, mothers and pregnants not associated with microcephaly and general patients as a control group. Results Two samples were positive out of 382 tested (0.52%). No specific relation with birth defects could be established. Conclusions The study might suggest serological evidence of BVDV in humans. Further studies and the application of improved diagnostic tests adapted to humans are necessary to clarify the epidemiological extent and impact of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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20
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Bueno-Marí R, Domínguez-Santos R, Trelis M, Garrote-Sánchez E, Cholvi M, Quero de Lera F, Khoubbane M, Marcilla A, Gil R. [ Wolbachia pipientis infections in populations of Aedes albopictus in the city of València (Spain): implications for mosquito control.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202303017. [PMID: 36883556 PMCID: PMC10560531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of Aedes albopictus, of high sanitary and social impact, was first reported in Valencia (Eastern Spain) in 2015. Innovative tools for its control include the use of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis. The release of mosquito males infected with the wPip strain, has proven very promising for large-scale Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) applications. Before this strategy can be implemented in Valencia, it is important to know whether the natural local mosquito populations are Wolbachia-infected and, if so, identifying the infecting strains/supergroups, these being the objectives of the present work. METHODS Eggs were collected from the 19 districts of the València city between May and October 2019. A total of 50 lab-reared adult Ae. albopictus individuals were processed and analyzed for Wolbachia detection and molecular characterization. These actions took place within the framework of a collaboration established with the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs of the city council of Valencia. Fisher's exact test was used to detect the statistical significance of the differences between groups. RESULTS Our study revealed that 94% of the analyzed samples were naturally infected with Wolbachia. Both wAlbA and wAlbB supergroups were identified, with most samples (72% of the infected ones) carrying co-infections. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first characterization of the Wolbachia presence in natural populations of Ae. albopictus in the Mediterranean area of Spain. This information is relevant to evaluate the potential use of Wolbachia strains in order to achieve the suppression of the Asian tiger mosquito populations through massive release of artificially-infected males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Laboratorios Lokímica. Paterna (València). España
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València). España
| | - Rebeca Domínguez-Santos
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC. Paterna (València). España
| | - María Trelis
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València). España
- Unidad Mixta de Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe. València. España
| | - Emilio Garrote-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC. Paterna (València). España
| | - María Cholvi
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València). España
| | | | - Messaoud Khoubbane
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València). España
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València). España
- Unidad Mixta de Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe. València. España
| | - Rosario Gil
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC. Paterna (València). España
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Com. Valenciana (FISABIO). València. España
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21
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Cottis S, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB, Vernick KD. Determinants of Chikungunya and O'nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors. Viruses 2023; 15:589. [PMID: 36992298 PMCID: PMC10051923 DOI: 10.3390/v15030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. Anopheles and Aedes are the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria and arboviruses. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vector of just one known arbovirus, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vectored by Aedes mosquitoes. However, Anopheles harbor a complex natural virome of RNA viruses, and a number of pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes in nature. CHIKV and ONNV are in the same antigenic group, the Semliki Forest virus complex, are difficult to distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, and symptomatically cause essentially the same human disease. The major difference between the arboviruses appears to be their differential use of mosquito vectors. The mechanisms governing this vector specificity are poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could be associated with vector specificity by these viruses. We highlight the complexity and multifactorial aspect of vectorial specificity of the two alphaviruses, and evaluate the level of risk of vector shift by ONNV or CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Cottis
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Adrien A. Blisnick
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth D. Vernick
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
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22
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Transcriptome Analysis of Response to Zika Virus Infection in Two Aedes albopictus Strains with Different Vector Competence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054257. [PMID: 36901688 PMCID: PMC10002152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which is mainly transmitted by Aedes albopictus in temperate zones, can causes serious neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms that influence the vector competence of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV are poorly understood. In this study, the vector competence of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Jinghong (JH) and Guangzhou (GZ) Cities of China were evaluated, and transcripts in the midgut and salivary gland tissues were sequenced on 10 days post-infection. The results showed that both Ae. albopictus JH and GZ strains were susceptible to ZIKV, but the GZ strain was more competent. The categories and functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to ZIKV infection were quite different between tissues and strains. Through a bioinformatics analysis, a total of 59 DEGs that may affect vector competence were screened-among which, cytochrome P450 304a1 (CYP304a1) was the only gene significantly downregulated in both tissues of two strains. However, CYP304a1 did not influence ZIKV infection and replication in Ae. albopictus under the conditions set in this study. Our results demonstrated that the different vector competence of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV may be determined by the transcripts in the midgut and salivary gland, which will contribute to understanding ZIKV-mosquito interactions and develop arbovirus disease prevention strategies.
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23
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Suzuki Y. Interferon-induced restriction of Chikungunya virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105487. [PMID: 36657882 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes Chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitos. Although CHIKVF had been regarded as an endemic disease in limited regions of Africa and Asia, the recent global reemergence of CHIKV heightened awareness of this infectious disease, and CHIKV infection is currently considered an increasing threat to public health. However, no specific drug or licensed vaccine is available for CHIKV infection. As seen in other RNA virus infections, CHIKV triggers the interferon (IFN) response that plays a central role in host defense against pathogens. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that control of CHIVK replication by the IFN response is achieved by antiviral effector molecules called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose expressions are upregulated by IFN stimulation. This review details the molecular basis of the IFN-mediated suppression of CHIKV, particularly the ISGs restricting CHIKV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
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24
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Wu J, Huang W, Wang Y. Pseudotyped Viruses for the Alphavirus Chikungunya Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:299-312. [PMID: 36920704 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Alphavirus are mostly mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in their vertebrate hosts. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is one member of the genus Alphavirus [1], has been a major health problem in endemic areas since its re-emergence in 2006. CHIKV is transmitted to mammalian hosts by the Aedes mosquito, causing persistent debilitating symptoms in many cases. At present, there is no specific treatment or vaccine. Experiments involving live CHIKV need to be performed in BSL-3 facilities, which limits vaccine and drug research. The emergence of pseudotyped virus technology offered the potential for the development of a safe and effective evaluation method. In this chapter, we review the construction and application of pseudotyped CHIKVs, the findings from which have enhanced our understanding of CHIKV. This will, in turn, enable the exploration of promising therapeutic strategies in animal models, with the ultimate aim of developing effective treatments and vaccines against CHIKV and other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Wu
- Beijing Yunling Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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25
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Low Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti from Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010031. [PMID: 36678379 PMCID: PMC9860973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012−2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was the cause of a major outbreak in the southern part of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Since then, only a few imported cases, with isolates belonging to different lineages, were recorded between 2014 and 2020 in Vientiane capital and few autochthonous cases of ECSA-IOL lineage were detected in the south of the country in 2020. The CHIKV epidemiological profile contrasts with the continuous and intensive circulation of dengue virus in the country, especially in Vientiane capital. The study’s aim was to investigate the ability of the local field-derived Aedes aegypti population from Vientiane capital to transmit the Asian and ECSA-IOL lineages of CHIKV. Our results revealed that, for both CHIKV lineages, infection rates were low and dissemination rates were high. The transmission rates and efficiencies evidenced a low vector competence for the CHIKV tested. Although this population of Ae. aegypti showed a relatively modest vector competence for these two CHIKV lineages, several other factors could influence arbovirus emergence such as the longevity and density of female mosquitoes. Due to the active circulation of CHIKV in Southeast Asia, investigations on these factors should be done to prevent the risk of CHIKV emergence and spread in Lao PDR and neighboring countries.
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26
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Hakim MS, Annisa L, Gazali FM, Aman AT. The origin and continuing adaptive evolution of chikungunya virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2443-2455. [PMID: 35987965 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the responsible agent of chikungunya fever, a debilitating arthritic disease in humans. CHIKV is endemic in Africa and Asia, although transmission cycles are considerably different on these continents. Before 2004, CHIKV had received little attention, since it was only known to cause localised outbreaks in a limited region with no fatalities. However, the recent global reemergence of CHIKV has caused serious global health problems and shown its potential to become a significant viral threat in the future. Unexpectedly, the reemergence is more rapid and is geographically more extensive, especially due to increased intensity of global travel systems or failure to contain mosquito populations. Another important factor is the successful adaptation of CHIKV to a new vector, the Aedes albopictus mosquito. Ae. albopictus survives in both temperate and tropical climates, thus facilitating CHIKV expansion to non-endemic regions. The continuous spread and transmission of CHIKV pose challenges for the development of effective vaccines and specific antiviral therapies. In this review, we discuss the biology and origin of CHIKV in Africa as well as its subsequent expansion to other parts of the world. We also review the transmission cycle of CHIKV and its continuing adaptation to its mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. More-complete understanding of the continuous evolution of CHIKV may help in predicting the emergence of CHIKV strains with possibly greater transmission efficiency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Luthvia Annisa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Faris M Gazali
- Master Program in Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abu T Aman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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27
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Ateutchia Ngouanet S, Wanji S, Yadouleton A, Demanou M, Djouaka R, Nanfack-Minkeu F. Factors enhancing the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses in Africa. Virusdisease 2022; 33:477-488. [PMID: 36278029 PMCID: PMC9579656 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ateutchia Ngouanet
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 Tri-Postal, P.O. Box 0932, Cotonou, Benin
- Department Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. BOX 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Department Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. BOX 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Anges Yadouleton
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Maurice Demanou
- Regional Yellow Fever Laboratory Coordinator World Health Organization, Inter-Country Support Team West Africa, 03 P.O. Box 7019, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Rousseau Djouaka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 Tri-Postal, P.O. Box 0932, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ferdinand Nanfack-Minkeu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 Tri-Postal, P.O. Box 0932, Cotonou, Benin
- Department of Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH USA
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28
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Garcia-Blanco MA, Ooi EE, Sessions OM. RNA Viruses, Pandemics and Anticipatory Preparedness. Viruses 2022; 14:2176. [PMID: 36298729 PMCID: PMC9611157 DOI: 10.3390/v14102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are likely to cause future pandemics and therefore we must create and organize a deep knowledge of these viruses to prevent and manage this risk. Assuming prevention will fail, at least once, we must be prepared to manage a future pandemic using all resources available. We emphasize the importance of having safe vaccine candidates and safe broad-spectrum antivirals ready for rapid clinical translation. Additionally, we must have similar tools to be ready for outbreaks of RNA viruses among animals and plants. Finally, similar coordination should be accomplished for other pathogens with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - October M. Sessions
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
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29
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Balestrino F, Bouyer J, Vreysen MJB, Veronesi E. Impact of Irradiation on Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876400. [PMID: 35721847 PMCID: PMC9204086 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control strategies against arthropod disease vectors are amongst the most powerful tools to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an effective and sustainable autocidal control method that has recently shown effective population suppression against different Aedes vector species worldwide. The SIT approach for mosquito vectors requires the release of radio-sterilized male mosquitoes only, but currently available sex separation techniques cannot ensure the complete elimination of females resulting in short-term risk of increased biting rate and arboviral disease transmission. In this study, we compared for the first time the transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females exposed as pupae to an irradiation dose of 40 Gy. Females of both species were fed on blood spiked with either dengue or chikungunya viruses, and body parts were tested for virus presence by real-time RT-PCR at different time points. No differences were observed in the dissemination efficiency of the dengue virus in irradiated and unirradiated Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The dissemination of the chikungunya virus was higher in Ae. albopictus than in Ae. Aegypti, and irradiation increased the virus load in both species. However, we did not observe differences in the transmission efficiency for chikungunya (100%) and dengue (8–27%) between mosquito species, and irradiation did not impact transmissibility. Further implications of these results on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Balestrino
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, Sanitary Entomology and Zoology Department, Crevalcore, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabrizio Balestrino,
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE CIRAD-INRA « Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems », Montpellier, France
- FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL), FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture (NAFA), FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL), FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture (NAFA), FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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30
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Mercier A, Obadia T, Carraretto D, Velo E, Gabiane G, Bino S, Vazeille M, Gasperi G, Dauga C, Malacrida AR, Reiter P, Failloux AB. Impact of temperature on dengue and chikungunya transmission by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6973. [PMID: 35484193 PMCID: PMC9051100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes albopictus is an invasive species first detected in Europe in Albania in 1979, and now established in 28 European countries. Temperature is a limiting factor in mosquito activities and in the transmission of associated arboviruses namely chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV). Since 2007, local transmissions of CHIKV and DENV have been reported in mainland Europe, mainly in South Europe. Thus, the critical question is how far north transmission could occur. In this context, the Albanian infestation by Ae. albopictus is of interest because the species is present up to 1200 m of altitude; this allows using altitude as a proxy for latitude. Here we show that Ae. albopictus can transmit CHIKV at 28 °C as well as 20 °C, however, the transmission of DENV is only observed at 28 °C. We conclude that if temperature is the key environmental factor limiting transmission, then transmission of CHIKV, but not DENV is feasible in much of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mercier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Insects and Infectious Diseases, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie Et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Davide Carraretto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gaelle Gabiane
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna R Malacrida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul Reiter
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Insects and Infectious Diseases, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France.
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Tanaka A, Suzuki Y. Genome-Wide Approaches to Unravel the Host Factors Involved in Chikungunya Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866271. [PMID: 35401487 PMCID: PMC8988064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of Chikungunya fever (CHIKVF) that is often characterized by fever, headache, rash, and arthralgia, is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquito bites. Although the mortality rate associated with CHIKV infection is not very high, CHIKVF has been confirmed in more than 40 countries, not only in tropical but also in temperate areas. Therefore, CHIKV is a growing major threat to the public health of the world. However, a specific drug is not available for CHIKV infection. As demonstrated by many studies, the processes completing the replication of CHIKV are assisted by many host factors, whereas it has become clear that the host cell possesses some factors limiting the virus replication. This evidence will provide us with an important clue for the development of pharmacological treatment against CHIKVF. In this review, we briefly summarize cellular molecules participating in the CHIKV infection, particularly focusing on introducing recent genome-wide screen studies that enabled illuminating the virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsushi Tanaka,
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- Youichi Suzuki,
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Jourdain F, de Valk H, Noël H, Paty MC, L’Ambert G, Franke F, Mouly D, Desenclos JC, Roche B. Estimating chikungunya virus transmission parameters and vector control effectiveness highlights key factors to mitigate arboviral disease outbreaks. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010244. [PMID: 35245304 PMCID: PMC8896662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have greatly expanded their geographic range in recent decades. They are considered emerging public health threats throughout the world, including Europe. Therefore, public health authorities must be prepared by quantifying the potential magnitude of virus transmission and the effectiveness of interventions. Methodology We developed a mathematical model with a vector-host structure for chikungunya virus transmission and estimated model parameters from epidemiological data of the two main autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission events that occurred in Southern France, in Montpellier (2014) and in Le Cannet-des-Maures (2017). We then performed simulations of the model using these estimates to forecast the magnitude of the foci of transmission as a function of the response delay and the moment of virus introduction. Conclusions The results of the different simulations underline the relative importance of each variable and can be useful to stakeholders when designing context-based intervention strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of, and advocate for early detection of imported cases and timely biological confirmation of autochthonous cases to ensure timely vector control measures, supporting the implementation and the maintenance of sustainable surveillance systems. Dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses have expanded their geographic range during recent decades and are now considered emerging threats in temperate areas. In particular, autochthonous transmissions of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have regularly been observed in Europe since 2010. The increase in international travel and trade appear to be major factors, encouraging both a circulation of these viruses on a global scale and the dispersion of one of their main vectors, Aedes albopictus. This trend is likely to increase significantly in the future and improved preparedness and response strategies are essential to manage these emerging risks. In this respect of decision support, we developed a mathematical model for CHIKV transmission. We first estimated key model parameters of CHIKV transmission and vector control effectiveness, using data from the two main CHIKV transmission events which have already occurred in mainland France. The model was then used to forecast the magnitude of outbreaks as a function of the delay in implementing control measures, and from the moment of virus introduction during the mosquito vector season. This work will help provide stakeholders in public health with a greater understanding of the dynamics of CHIKV transmission, and with evidence for the implementation of sustainable surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jourdain
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Henriette de Valk
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Harold Noël
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Marie-Claire Paty
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Grégory L’Ambert
- Entente interdépartementale pour la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen (EID Méditerranée), Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Franke
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), regional office Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur-Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Mouly
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), regional office Occitanie, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Yu X, Cheng G. Adaptive Evolution as a Driving Force of the Emergence and Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020435. [PMID: 35216028 PMCID: PMC8878277 DOI: 10.3390/v14020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases impose a significant burden on global public health. The most common mosquito-borne viruses causing recent epidemics include flaviviruses in the family Flaviviridae, including Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) and Togaviridae viruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Several factors may have contributed to the recent re-emergence and spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Among these important causes are the evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and the genetic mutations that make them more adaptive and virulent, leading to widespread epidemics. RNA viruses tend to acquire genetic diversity due to error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, thus promoting high mutation rates that support adaptation to environmental changes or host immunity. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the adaptive evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and their impact on viral infectivity, pathogenicity, vector fitness, transmissibility, epidemic potential and disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence:
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Huynh TTT, Minakawa N. A comparative study of dengue virus vectors in major parks and adjacent residential areas in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010119. [PMID: 35020732 PMCID: PMC8789112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary dengue virus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are primarily daytime biting mosquitoes. The risk of infection is suspected to be considerable in urban parks due to visitor traffic. Despite the importance of vector control for reducing dengue transmission, little information is available on vector populations in urban parks. The present study characterized mosquito habitats and estimated vector densities in the major urban parks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and compared them with those in adjacent residential areas. The prevalences of habitats where Aedes larvae were found were 43% and 9% for the parks and residential areas, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (prevalence ratio [PR]: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.85–6.49). The prevalences of positive larval habitats were significantly greater in the parks for both species than the residential areas (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22 for A. aegypti, PR: 10.10, 95% CI: 7.23–14.12 for A. albopictus). Larvae of both species were positively associated with discarded containers and planters. Aedes albopictus larvae were negatively associated with indoor habitats, but positively associated with vegetation shade. The adult density of A. aegypti was significantly less in the parks compared with the residential areas (rate ratio [RR]; 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05–0.16), while the density of A. albopictus was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 9.99, 95% CI: 6.85–14.59). When the species were combined, the density was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.92–3.25). The urban parks provide suitable environment for Aedes mosquitoes, and A. albopictus in particular. Virus vectors are abundant in the urban parks, and the current vector control programs need to have greater consideration of urban parks. The primary dengue virus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are primarily daytime biting mosquitoes and therefore the risk of infection may be considerable in urban parks due to human foot traffic. Prior to the present study little information was available on vector populations in urban parks. Here we describe that larvae of both species were positively associated with discarded containers and planters. Aedes albopictus larvae were negatively associated with indoor habitats, but positively associated with vegetation shade. Aedes albopictus was predominant in the urban parks while A. aegypti was predominant in adjacent residential areas. When the species were combined the density of vectors was greater in the urban parks. The current vector control programs need to take into consideration vector intensity within urban parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Thuy Huynh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Zoonotics, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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35
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Lucas CJ, Morrison TE. Animal models of alphavirus infection and human disease. Adv Virus Res 2022; 113:25-88. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Badar N, Ikram A, Salman M, Alam MM, Umair M, Arshad Y, Mushtaq N, Mirza HA, Ahad A, Farooq U, Yasin MT, Qazi J. Chikungunya virus: Molecular epidemiology of nonstructural proteins in Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260424. [PMID: 34941888 PMCID: PMC8699639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is considered a public health problem due to its rapid spread and high morbidity. In 2016-2017 an outbreak of CHIKV was occurred in Pakistan but the data regarding the genomic diversity of CHIKV was not reported. Hence, the current study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of CHIKVs in Pakistan. A cross sectional study was carried out using sera of infected CHIKV patients (n = 1549) during the outbreak in Pakistan (2016-2018). Nucleotide sequencing of non-structural genes of CHIKV from eight isolates were performed followed by phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian method. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the Pakistani CHIKV strains belonged to Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of genotype ECSA and C1.3a clade. Furthermore, the Pakistani isolates showed several key mutations (nsP2-H130Y, nsP2-E145D, nsP4-S55N and nsP4- R85G) corresponding to mutations reported in 2016 Indian strains of CHIKV. The molecular analysis revealed high evolutionary potential of CHIKV strains as well as better understanding of enhanced virulence and pathogenesis of this outbreak. The study highlights the need to continue surveillance in order to understand viral diversity over time and to devise preventive measures to limit diseases transmission in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Badar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Mushtaq
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Ahmad Mirza
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- National Agricultural Research Center, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Lineage Divergence and Vector-Specific Adaptation Have Driven Chikungunya Virus onto Multiple Adaptive Landscapes. mBio 2021; 12:e0273821. [PMID: 34749526 PMCID: PMC8576524 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02738-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the adaptation of Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) strains for Aedes albopictus transmission was mediated by an E1-A226V substitution, followed by either a single substitution in E2 or synergistic substitutions in the E2 and E3 envelope glycoproteins. Here, we examined whether Asian lineage strains, including those that descended from the 2014 Caribbean introduction, are likely to acquire these A. albopictus-adaptive E2 substitutions. Because Asian lineage strains cannot adapt through the E1-A226V substitution due to an epistatic constraint, we first determined that the beneficial effect of these E2 mutations in IOL strains is independent of E1-A226V. We then introduced each of these E2 adaptive mutations into the Asian lineage backbone to determine if they improve infectivity for A. albopictus. Surprisingly, our results indicated that in the Asian lineage backbone, these E2 mutations significantly decreased CHIKV fitness in A. albopictus. Furthermore, we tested the effects of these mutations in Aedes aegypti and observed different results from those in A. albopictus, suggesting that mosquito species-specific factors that interact with the envelope proteins are involved in vector infection efficiency. Overall, our results indicate that the divergence between Asian lineage and IOL CHIKVs has led them onto different adaptive landscapes with differing potentials to expand their vector host range. IMPORTANCE Since its introduction into the Caribbean in October 2013, CHIKV has rapidly spread to almost the entire neotropical region. However, its potential to further spread globally, including into more temperate climates, depends in part on its ability to be transmitted efficiently by Aedes albopictus, which can survive colder winters than A. aegypti. We examined in an Asian lineage backbone A. albopictus-adaptive mutations that arose from 2005 to 2009 in Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) strains. Our results predict that the Asian CHIKV lineage now in the Americas will not readily adapt for enhanced A. albopictus transmission via the same mechanisms or adaptive mutations used previously by IOL strains. The vector species- and CHIKV lineage-specific effects caused by adaptive CHIKV envelope glycoprotein substitutions may elucidate our understanding of the mechanisms of mosquito infection and spread.
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Khongwichit S, Chansaenroj J, Chirathaworn C, Poovorawan Y. Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:84. [PMID: 34857000 PMCID: PMC8638460 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950’s to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attributed to the Asian genotype. However, the massive outbreak of CHIKV in India and the Southwest Indian Ocean Islands in 2005 has since raised chikungunya as a worldwide public health concern. The virus is spreading globally, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The emergence of the CHIKV East/Central/South African genotype-Indian Ocean lineage (ECSA-IOL) has caused large outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia affected more than a million people over a decade. Notably, the massive CHIKV outbreaks before 2016 and the more recent outbreak in Asia were driven by distinct ECSA lineages. The first significant CHIKV ECSA strains harbored the Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutation E1: A226V. More recently, another mass CHIKV ECSA outbreak in Asia started in India and spread beyond South and Southeast Asia to Kenya and Italy. This virus lacked the E1: A226V mutation but instead harbored two novel mutations (E1: K211E and E2: V264A) in an E1: 226A background, which enhanced its fitness in Aedes aegypti. The emergence of a novel ECSA strain may lead to a more widespread geographical distribution of CHIKV in the future. This review summarizes the current CHIKV situation in Asian countries and provides a general overview of the molecular virology, disease manifestation, diagnosis, prevalence, genotype distribution, evolutionary relationships, and epidemiology of CHIKV infection in Asian countries over the past 65 years. This knowledge is essential in guiding the epidemiological study, control, prevention of future CHIKV outbreaks, and the development of new vaccines and antivirals targeting CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Khongwichit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tropical Medicine Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Clinical and virological characteristics of patients during the outbreak of chikungunya in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 2019–2020. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Stephenson CJ, Coatsworth H, Waits CM, Nazario-Maldonado NM, Mathias DK, Dinglasan RR, Lednicky JA. Geographic Partitioning of Dengue Virus Transmission Risk in Florida. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112232. [PMID: 34835038 PMCID: PMC8622774 DOI: 10.3390/v13112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause the greatest public health burden globally among the arthropod-borne viruses. DENV transmission risk has also expanded from tropical to subtropical regions due to the increasing range of its principal mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Focal outbreaks of dengue fever (dengue) in the state of Florida (FL) in the USA have increased since 2009. However, little is known about the competence of Ae. aegypti populations across different regions of FL to transmit DENVs. To understand the effects of DENV genotype and serotype variations on vector susceptibility and transmission potential in FL, we orally infected a colony of Ae. aegypti (Orlando/ORL) with low passage or laboratory DENV-1 through -4. Low passage DENVs were more infectious to and had higher transmission potential by ORL mosquitoes. We used these same DENVs to examine natural Ae. aegypti populations to determine whether spatial distributions correlated with differential vector competence. Vector competence across all DENV serotypes was greater for mosquitoes from areas with the highest dengue incidence in south FL compared to north FL. Vector competence for low passage DENVs was significantly higher, revealing that transmission risk is influenced by virus/vector combinations. These data support a targeted mosquito-plus-pathogen screening approach to more accurately estimate DENV transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Stephenson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Heather Coatsworth
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Christy M. Waits
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL 32212, USA
| | - Nicole M. Nazario-Maldonado
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Derrick K. Mathias
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
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Garcia-Rejon JE, Navarro JC, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Baak-Baak CM. An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110967. [PMID: 34821768 PMCID: PMC8621292 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse is present on all continents except Antarctica. Efficiency as a vector of Ae. albopictus is different by geographic region. In areas where Aedes aegypti is absent, the Asian mosquito is the main vector of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. In the Americas, Ae. albopictus occupies the same ecological niches as Ae. aegypti. It is difficult to incriminate the Asian mosquito as the cause of autochthonous arbovirus outbreaks. However, evidence suggests that Ae. albopictus is very effective in transmitting endemic arboviruses (such as dengue) both horizontal and vertical transmission. Aedes albopictus could be useful as a sentinel species to monitor dengue virus in interepidemic periods. Abstract Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, the basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Ae. albopictus in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns, and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the Dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. An extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common hosts. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and MIR estimated in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E. Garcia-Rejon
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecopidemiología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (J.-C.N.); (C.M.B.-B.)
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Carlos M. Baak-Baak
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.-C.N.); (C.M.B.-B.)
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Guerrero-Arguero I, Tellez-Freitas CM, Weber KS, Berges BK, Robison RA, Pickett BE. Alphaviruses: Host pathogenesis, immune response, and vaccine & treatment updates. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34435944 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogens belonging to the Alphavirus genus, in the Togaviridae family, are transmitted primarily by mosquitoes. The signs and symptoms associated with these viruses include fever and polyarthralgia, defined as joint pain and inflammation, as well as encephalitis. In the last decade, our understanding of the interactions between members of the alphavirus genus and the human host has increased due to the re-appearance of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Asia and Europe, as well as its emergence in the Americas. Alphaviruses affect host immunity through cytokines and the interferon response. Understanding alphavirus interactions with both the innate immune system as well as the various cells in the adaptive immune systems is critical to developing effective therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the latest research on alphavirus-host cell interactions, underlying infection mechanisms, and possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Guerrero-Arguero
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Bradford K Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Brett E Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Mwanyika GO, Sindato C, Rugarabamu S, Rumisha SF, Karimuribo ED, Misinzo G, Rweyemamu MM, Abdel Hamid MM, Haider N, Vairo F, Kock R, Mboera LEG. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika in eight districts in Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:271-280. [PMID: 34428546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in Tanzania. METHODS The study covered the districts of Buhigwe, Kalambo, Kilindi, Kinondoni, Kondoa, Kyela, Mvomero, and Ukerewe in Tanzania. Blood samples were collected from individuals recruited from households and healthcare facilities. An ELISA was used to screen for immunoglobulin G antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. RESULTS A total of 1818 participants (median age 34 years) were recruited. The overall CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV seroprevalence rates were 28.0%, 16.1%, and 6.8%, respectively. CHIKV prevalence was highest in Buhigwe (46.8%), DENV in Kinondoni (43.8%), and ZIKV in Ukerewe (10.6%) and Mvomero (10.6%). Increasing age and frequent mosquito bites were significantly associated with CHIKV and DENV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Having piped water or the presence of stagnant water around the home (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of DENV seropositivity. Fever was significantly associated with increased odds of CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Visiting mines had higher odds of ZIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV are circulating in diverse ecological zones of Tanzania. There is a need to strengthen the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O Mwanyika
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania.
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Mark M Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Muzamil M Abdel Hamid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Campus, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Najmul Haider
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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Manzoor KN, Javed F, Ejaz M, Ali M, Mujaddadi N, Khan AA, Khattak AA, Zaib A, Ahmad I, Saeed WK, Manzoor S. The global emergence of Chikungunya infection: An integrated view. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2287. [PMID: 34428335 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the emerging viruses around the globe. It belongs to the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus and is an arthropod borne virus that transmits by the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopcitus. It is a spherical, enveloped virus with positive single stranded RNA genome. It was first discovered during 1952-53 in Tanganyika, after which outbreaks were documented in many regions of the world. CHIKV has two transmission cycles; an enzootic sylvatic cycle and an urban cycle. CHIKV genome contains 11,900 nucleotides and two open reading frames and shows great sequence variability. Molecular mechanisms of virus host-cell interactions and the pathogenesis of disease are not fully understood. The disease involves three phases; acute, post-acute and chronic with symptoms including high-grade fever, arthralgia, macupapular rashes and headache. There is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV infection. This lack of specific interventions combined with difficulties in making a precise diagnosis together make the disease difficult to manage. In this review we aim to present the current knowledge of global epidemiology, transmission, structure, various aspects of diagnosis as well as highlight potential antiviral drugs and vaccines against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farakh Javed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Autria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Mujaddadi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, Germany
| | - Aamer Ali Khattak
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Assad Zaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmad
- Center for Human Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Autria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman school of applied biosciences, National University of science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Williamson LE, Reeder KM, Bailey K, Tran MH, Roy V, Fouch ME, Kose N, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Winkler ES, Kim AS, Gainza C, Rodriguez J, Armstrong E, Sutton RE, Reidy J, Carnahan RH, McDonald WH, Schoeder CT, Klimstra WB, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Alter G, Meiler J, Schey KL, Julander JG, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Therapeutic alphavirus cross-reactive E1 human antibodies inhibit viral egress. Cell 2021; 184:4430-4446.e22. [PMID: 34416147 PMCID: PMC8418820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses cause severe arthritogenic or encephalitic disease. The E1 structural glycoprotein is highly conserved in these viruses and mediates viral fusion with host cells. However, the role of antibody responses to the E1 protein in immunity is poorly understood. We isolated E1-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with diverse patterns of recognition for alphaviruses (ranging from Eastern equine encephalitis virus [EEEV]-specific to alphavirus cross-reactive) from survivors of natural EEEV infection. Antibody binding patterns and epitope mapping experiments identified differences in E1 reactivity based on exposure of epitopes on the glycoprotein through pH-dependent mechanisms or presentation on the cell surface prior to virus egress. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo of these mAbs corresponded with potency of virus egress inhibition in vitro and did not require Fc-mediated effector functions for treatment against subcutaneous EEEV challenge. These studies reveal the molecular basis for broad and protective antibody responses to alphavirus E1 proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Alphavirus/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Chikungunya virus/immunology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine/virology
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Horses
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Temperature
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
- Virus Internalization
- Virus Release/physiology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristen M Reeder
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin Bailey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84335, USA
| | - Minh H Tran
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Trivette
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher Gainza
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica Armstrong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph Reidy
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84335, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Hapuarachchi HC, Wong WY, Koo C, Tien WP, Yeo G, Rajarethinam J, Tan E, Chiang S, Chong CS, Tan CH, Tan LK, Ng LC. Transient transmission of Chikungunya virus in Singapore exemplifies successful mitigation of severe epidemics in a vulnerable population. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:417-425. [PMID: 34380087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Singapore experienced two major outbreaks of chikungunya in 2008-09 and 2013-14. Despite repeated virus introductions, fresh local outbreaks have not emerged after 2014. The present study reviews the success of chikungunya control in Singapore, despite repeated introduction of virus strains, presence of competent vectors and an immunologically naïve population. METHODS Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) sequences (421 envelope 1 genes and 56 polyproteins) were analysed to distinguish the indigenous virus groups from 2008 to 2020. Vector surveillance data was used to incriminate the vector/s associated with local outbreaks. The population exposure to CHIKV was determined by assessing the seroprevalence status in three cohorts of sera collected in 2009 (n=2,008), 2013 (n=2,000) and 2017 (n=3,615). RESULTS Four distinct groups of CHIKV of East, Central and South African genotype have mainly circulated since 2008, transmitted primarily by Aedes albopictus. The age weighted CHIKV IgG prevalence rates were low (1-5%) and showed a non-significant increase from 2009 to 2013, but a significant decrease in 2017. In contrast, the prevalence of CHIKV neutralising antibodies in the population increased significantly from 2009 to 2013, with no significant change in 2017, but the levels remained below 2%. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggested that surveillance and vector control strategies implemented were robust to avert severe epidemics, despite repeated introduction of virus strains, presence of competent vectors and an immunologically naïve population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Carmen Koo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Wei-Ping Tien
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Gladys Yeo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Jayanthi Rajarethinam
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Eugene Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Suzanna Chiang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Cheong-Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Li-Kiang Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Transmission Potential of Floridian Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes for Dengue Virus Serotype 4: Implications for Estimating Local Dengue Risk. mSphere 2021; 6:e0027121. [PMID: 34232077 PMCID: PMC8386419 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00271-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) circulated in Aedes aegypti in 2016 and 2017 in Florida in the absence of human index cases, compelling a full assessment of local mosquito vector competence and DENV-4 risk. To better understand DENV-4 transmission risk in Florida, we used an expanded suite of tests to measure and compare the vector competencies of both an established colony of A. aegypti (Orlando strain [ORL]) and a field-derived colony from Collier County, FL, in 2018 (COL) for a Haitian DENV-4 human field isolate and a DENV-4 laboratory strain (Philippines H241). We immediately noted that ORL saliva positivity was higher for the field than for laboratory DENV-4 strains. In a subsequent comparison with the recent COL mosquito colony, we also observed significantly higher midgut infection of COL and ORL by the Haitian DENV-4 field strain and a significantly higher saliva positivity rate for COL, although overall saliva virus titers were similar between the two. These data point to a potential midgut infection barrier for the DENV-4 laboratory strain for both mosquito colonies and indicate that the marked differences in transmission potential estimates hinge on virus-vector combinations. Our study highlights the importance of leveraging an expanded suite of testing methods with emphasis on utilizing local mosquito populations and field-relevant dengue virus serotypes and strains to accurately estimate transmission risk in a given setting. IMPORTANCE DENV-4 was found circulating in Florida (FL) A. aegypti mosquitoes in the absence of human index cases in the state (2016 to 2017). How DENV-4 was maintained locally is unclear, presenting a major gap in our understanding of DENV-4 public health risk. We determined the baseline arbovirus transmission potential of laboratory and field colonies of A. aegypti for both laboratory and field isolates of DENV-4. We observed a high transmission potential of field populations of A. aegypti and evidence of higher vertical transmission of the DENV-4 field isolate, providing clues to the possible mechanism of undetected DENV-4 maintenance in the state. Our findings also move the field forward in the development of best practices for evaluating arbovirus vector competence, with evidence that transmission potential estimates vary depending on the mosquito-virus combinations. These data emphasize the poor suitability of laboratory-established virus strains and the high relevance of field-derived mosquito populations in estimating transmission risk.
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Kang L, He G, Sharp AK, Wang X, Brown AM, Michalak P, Weger-Lucarelli J. A selective sweep in the Spike gene has driven SARS-CoV-2 human adaptation. Cell 2021; 184:4392-4400.e4. [PMID: 34289344 PMCID: PMC8260498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the need to better understand animal-to-human transmission of coronaviruses and adaptive evolution within new hosts. We scanned more than 182,000 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes for selective sweep signatures and found a distinct footprint of positive selection located around a non-synonymous change (A1114G; T372A) within the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), predicted to remove glycosylation and increase binding to human ACE2 (hACE2), the cellular receptor. This change is present in all human SARS-CoV-2 sequences but not in closely related viruses from bats and pangolins. As predicted, T372A RBD bound hACE2 with higher affinity in experimental binding assays. We engineered the reversion mutant (A372T) and found that A372 (wild-type [WT]-SARS-CoV-2) enhanced replication in human lung cells relative to its putative ancestral variant (T372), an effect that was 20 times greater than the well-known D614G mutation. Our findings suggest that this mutation likely contributed to SARS-CoV-2 emergence from animal reservoirs or enabled sustained human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kang
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, LA 71203, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Guijuan He
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amanda K Sharp
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology (GBCB), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anne M Brown
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology (GBCB), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Research and Informatics, University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, LA 71203, USA; Center for One Health Research, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Battisti V, Urban E, Langer T. Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 34372513 PMCID: PMC8310245 DOI: 10.3390/v13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (E.U.)
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50
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Freire RM, Montero GA, Vesprini JL, Barberis IM. Review of the interactions of an ecological keystone species, Aechmea distichantha Lem. (Bromeliaceae), with the associated fauna. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Freire
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A. Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - José L. Vesprini
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Barberis
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Zavalla, Argentina
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