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AlJindan R, Mahmoud N, AlEraky DM, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Phenomics and genomic features of Enterococcus avium IRMC1622a isolated from a clinical sample of hospitalized patient. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102463. [PMID: 38833914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus avium (E. avium) is a Gram-positive nosocomial pathogen that is commonly isolated from the alimentary tract. The objective of this functional genomics study was to identify the resistant genes by analyzing the genome of E. avium IRMC1622a, a type of bacteria found in feces collected from a patient at a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital. METHODS The bacterial strain IRMC1622a was identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing as Enterococcus sp. The resistance phenomics were performed using VITEK® 2, and morphological analysis was achieved using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the whole bacterial genome of the bacterial strain IRMC1622a was subjected to sequencing during October 2023 using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing technology, and mining for resistant genes. RESULTS The results of antimicrobial resistant phenomics indicated that the IRMC1622a strain was sensitive to all tested antimicrobial agents except for erythromycin, and the same result was confirmed by genomic analysis in addition to other classes of antibiotics. SEM showed E. avium IRMC1622a is ovoid shape, in single cells (L 1.2797 ± 0.1490 µm), in pairs (L 1.7333 ± 0.1054 µm), and in chains (L 2.44033 ± 0.1978 µm). The E. avium IRMC1622a genome has 14 (in CARD) antimicrobial resistance genes that were identified with several mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as the efflux pump and conferring antibiotic resistance. The present study revealed that the E. avium IRMC1622a genome contains a high number of genes associated with virulence factors, and 14 matched pathogenic protein families and predicted as human pathogen (probability score 0.855). We report two (ISEnfa4 and ISEfa5) mobile genetic elements for the first time in the E. avium genome. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that E. avium IRMC1622a is susceptible to all tested antibacterials except erythromycin. The IRMC1622a has 14 genes encoding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, including the efflux pump and conferring antibiotic resistance. This could indicate a potential rise in E. avium resistance in healthcare facilities. These observations may raise concerns regarding E. avium resistance in healthcare. We need more research to understand the pathophysiology of E. avium, which leads to hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M AlEraky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Kozajda A, Miśkiewicz E, Jeżak K. Zoonotic bacteria in the vicinity of animal farms as a factor disturbing the human microbiome: a review. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2024; 37:138-152. [PMID: 38577723 PMCID: PMC11142397 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge about the relationship between environmental exposure to the bioaerosol emitted by intensive livestock farming and changes in the microbiome of people living in livestock farm vicinity. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched by crossing keywords from the following 3 groups: a) "livestock," "animal farms," "animal breeding"; b) "microbiome," "resistome"; c) "livestock vicinity," "farm vicinity," "neighborhoods and health" in 2010-2022. Literature screening did not reveal any paper related to the full microbiome composition in the population studied. In the study, the authors included 7 papers (5 from the Netherlands, 1 from the USA, and 1 from China). The studies confirmed the carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), livestockassociated MRSA (LA-MRSA MC398) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) in the nasal microbiome of adults and children living within 500-2000 m from a livestock farm. Clostridium difficile, including LA-ribotype RT078 carriage, was detected in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500-1000 m. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae were confirmed in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500-6200 m. Knowledge on the composition of the microflora of people living in livestock farm vicinity is insufficient to conclude about changes in the microbiome caused by the environmental emission of bioaerosol. The carriage prevalence of the LA-bacteria, including both strains with antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes, confirms the presence of zoonotic bacteria in the human microflora in populations without occupational contact with animals. It cannot be ruled out that zoonotic bacteria, as a component of the microbiome, have a negative impact on people's health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(2):138-52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozajda
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit, Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Miśkiewicz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, Biological Safety Unit, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Jeżak
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Lv Z, Zhou L, Guo Y. Analysis of the effects of β-mannanase on immune function and intestinal flora in broilers fed the low energy diet based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103581. [PMID: 38460218 PMCID: PMC11067779 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As an enzyme, β-mannanase (BM) can be widely used as feed additive to improve the growth performance of animals. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of the addition of BM to low-energy diet on the immune function and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. In this study, 384 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 replicates per group): positive control (PC, received a corn-soybean meal basal diet), negative control (NC, received a low-energy diet with Metabolizable Energy (ME) reduced by 50 kcal/kg) and NC + BM group (NC birds + 100 mg/kg BM). All birds were raised for 42 d. The results showed that BM mitigated the damage of immune function in peripheral blood of broilers caused by the decrease of dietary energy level by increasing the Concanavalin A (Con A) index of stimulation (SI) and macrophages phagocytic activity in the peripheral blood of broilers at 42 d (P < 0.05). The analysis of cecum flora showed that the low-energy diet significantly reduced the observed_species index (P < 0.01), Chao1 index and ACE index (P < 0.05), which reduced the abundance and evenness of species in the cecum of broilers at 21 d. It also significantly reduced the relative abundance of Candidatus_Arthromitus and significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in the cecum of broilers at 21 d, while also significantly increasing the relative abundance of Monoglobus at 42 d. BM significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615 in the cecum of broilers at 21 d. In addition, BM inhibited microbial Fatty acid degradation by decreasing the activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Collectively, BM could improve intestinal health by enhancing the immune function of broilers, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and reducing the number of harmful bacteria, regulating intestinal flora, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of lower dietary energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangjuan Zhou
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Farrell CT, Hunter E, Wilson PB, White SJ. Genomic characterisation of bioaerosols within livestock facilities: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170722. [PMID: 38331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Livestock facilities are widely regarded as reservoirs of infectious disease, owing to their abundance in particulate matter (PM) and microbial bioaerosols. Over the past decade, bioaerosol studies have increasingly utilised high throughput sequencing (HTS) to achieve superior throughput, taxonomic resolution, and the detection of unculturable organisms. However, the prevailing focus on amplicon sequencing has limited the identification of viruses and microbial taxa at the species-level. Herein, a literature search was conducted to identify methods capable of overcoming the aforementioned limitations. Screening 1531 international publications resulted in 29 eligible for review. Metagenomics capable of providing rich insights were identified in only three instances. Notably, long-read sequencing was not utilised for metagenomics. This review also identified that sample collection methods lack a uniform approach, highlighted by the differences in sampling equipment, flow rates and durations. Further heterogeneity was introduced by the unique sampling conditions, which makes it challenging to ground new findings within the established literature. For instance, winter was associated with increased microbial abundance and antimicrobial resistance, yet less alpha diversity. Researchers implementing metagenomics into the livestock environment should consider season, the microclimate, and livestock growth stage as influential upon their findings. Considering the increasing accessibility of long-read sequencing, future research should explore its viability within a novel uniform testing protocol for bioaerosol emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T Farrell
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Elena Hunter
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Samuel J White
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
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Londoño-Carmona J, Blandón-Escobar S, Montoya-Zuluaga J, Betancourt-Chaves P, Castillo-Moreno S, Arboleda-Múnera C, Vallejo-Timarán D. Antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption. Vet World 2024; 17:720-727. [PMID: 38680139 PMCID: PMC11045524 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.720-727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Milk contamination for human consumption is one of the biggest concerns worldwide. To prevent milk contamination, it is important to implement sustainable production practices that ensure animal health and guarantee veterinary drugs have been used properly. This study aimed to detect antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in commercially available pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on all brands of pasteurized milk (n = 17) for human consumption in Medellín, Colombia, from February 30 to April 30, 2022. Six milk samples of each brand were collected every 15 days, resulting in 102 samples. IDEXX SNAPduo™ ST Plus test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Maine, USA) was used to detect cephalosporins residues to detect beta-lactam and tetracyclines. We detected mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliforms using Chromocult Coliform Agar® (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and Plate-Count Agar® (Merck KGaA), respectively. Results Beta-lactam residues were found in 24.4% of the brands. No tetracyclines or cephalosporins were detected. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliform contamination were detected in 42.6% and 12.8% of the brands, respectively. No fecal coliform contamination was detected. Conclusion This study demonstrated the presence of antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in commercially available pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption in the study area, highlighting its potential public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Londoño-Carmona
- Center of Natural and Renewable Resources, La Salada. National Learning Service – SENA, Research Group La Salada, Government of Colombia. Caldas, Colombia
| | - Sandra Blandón-Escobar
- Center of Natural and Renewable Resources, La Salada. National Learning Service – SENA, Research Group La Salada, Government of Colombia. Caldas, Colombia
| | - John Montoya-Zuluaga
- Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Faculty, Research Group GIsCA, University Vision de las Americas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Betancourt-Chaves
- Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Faculty, Research Group GIsCA, University Vision de las Americas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Castillo-Moreno
- Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Faculty, Research Group GIsCA, University Vision de las Americas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Arboleda-Múnera
- Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Faculty, Research Group GIsCA, University Vision de las Americas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Darío Vallejo-Timarán
- Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation – AGROSAVIA. Obonuco Research Center, Pasto, Colombia
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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Russo TP, Borrelli L, Minichino A, Fioretti A, Dipineto L. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Pet Rabbits. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:135-140. [PMID: 37844071 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous microorganism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous diseases in humans and animals, characterized by different clinical pictures with acute or subacute course. S. aureus, due to its great adaptability and versatility in terms of infections and hosts, can be considered a relevant pathogen because of the harmful effects on animal health and its potential for transmission from animals to humans and vice versa. In recent years, a marked increase in multidrug-resistant S. aureus has been reported, posing a serious threat for disease management, food safety, and animal and human health as they limit available therapeutic options. In light of a growing interest of the scientific community for this micro- organism and considering the limited data availability on the prevalence of this pathogen in pet rabbits, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence of S. aureus in pet rabbits. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to December 2022, nasal swabs were collected from 50 pet rabbits from private households in the Campania Region, southern Italy, and underwent analysis for S. aureus detection. Samples were enriched in broth, then inoculated onto nutrient and selective media, including Blood agar base supplemented with 7% sheep blood and Baird-Parker Agar Base, following standard laboratory protocols. Incubations in aerobic conditions at 37°C were performed for 24/48h for colony identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all S. aureus isolates was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Our results reported the presence of S. aureus in 16/50 (32%) rabbits examined, showing high levels of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics, in particular penicillin 10U (81.2%) and erythromycin 15 μg (62.5%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that pet rabbits represent a significant reservoir of S. aureus and contributes to the knowledge on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in rabbits raised in a domestic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pasqualina Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Minichino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Pandey S, Doo H, Keum GB, Kim ES, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Kim S, Lee NR, Oh KK, Lee JH, Kim HB. Antibiotic resistance in livestock, environment and humans: One Health perspective. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:266-278. [PMID: 38628683 PMCID: PMC11016740 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a complex, multifaceted global health issue that poses a serious threat to livestock, humans, and the surrounding environment. It entails several elements and numerous potential transmission routes and vehicles that contribute to its development and spread, making it a challenging issue to address. AR is regarded as an One Health issue, as it has been found that livestock, human, and environmental components, all three domains are interconnected, opening up channels for transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). AR has turned out to be a critical problem mainly because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, with the anticipation of 10 million annual AR-associated deaths by 2050. The fact that infectious diseases induced by ARB are no longer treatable with antibiotics foreshadows an uncertain future in the context of health care. Hence, the One Health approach should be emphasized to reduce the impact of AR on livestock, humans, and the environment, ensuring the longevity of the efficacy of both current and prospective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Na Rae Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kwang Kyo Oh
- Microbial Safety Division, National
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Animal Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Waziri I, Kelani MT, Oyedeji-Amusa MO, Oyebamiji AK, Coetzee LCC, Muller AJ. Comparative investigation of derivatives of ( E)-N-(( E)-3-phenylallylidene)aniline: Synthesis, structural characterization, biological evaluation, density functional theory analysis, and in silico molecular docking. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26632. [PMID: 38420435 PMCID: PMC10901095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant global challenge for the public sector. Globally, researchers are actively investigating solutions to tackle the issue of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, with Schiff bases standing out as promising contenders in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. This study focused on synthesizing a series of Schiff bases (CA1-CA10) by reacting cinnamaldehyde with various aniline derivatives. Various analytical techniques, such as NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry, were employed to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. Furthermore, crystal structure of CA8 was obtained using single crystal X-ray spectroscopy. The compounds were subjected to in vitro testing to assess their antibacterial and antifungal properties against eleven bacterial strains and four fungal strains. The results revealed diverse activity levels against the pathogens at varying concentrations, with notable potency observed in compounds CA3, CA4, CA9, and CA10, as indicated by their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values. The observed activity of the compounds seemed to be influenced by the specific substituents attached to their molecular structure. By conducting computational and molecular docking studies, the electronic properties of the compounds were investigated, further substantiating their potential as effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Waziri
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Monsuru T. Kelani
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Mariam O. Oyedeji-Amusa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Abel K. Oyebamiji
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Bowen University, PMB 284, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Louis-Charl C. Coetzee
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Alfred J. Muller
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg-Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
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Ajayi AO, Odeyemi AT, Akinjogunla OJ, Adeyeye AB, Ayo-ajayi I. Review of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes within the one health framework. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2024; 14:2312953. [PMID: 38371518 PMCID: PMC10868463 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2024.2312953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The interdisciplinary One Health (OH) approach recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are all interconnected. Its ultimate goal is to promote optimal health for all through the exploration of these relationships. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a public health challenge that has been primarily addressed within the context of human health and clinical settings. However, it has become increasingly evident that antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that confer resistance are transmitted and circulated within humans, animals, and the environment. Therefore, to effectively address this issue, antibiotic resistance must also be considered an environmental and livestock/wildlife problem. Objective: This review was carried out to provide a broad overview of the existence of ARB and ARGs in One Health settings. Methods: Relevant studies that placed emphasis on ARB and ARGs were reviewed and key findings were accessed that illustrate the importance of One Health as a measure to tackle growing public and environmental threats. Results: In this review, we delve into the complex interplay of the three components of OH in relation to ARB and ARGs. Antibiotics used in animal husbandry and plants to promote growth, treat, and prevent infectious diseases lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals. These bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans through food and environmental exposure. The environment plays a critical role in the circulation and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. This article also highlights how ARGs are spread in the environment through the transfer of genetic material between bacteria. This transfer can occur naturally or through human activities such as the use of antibiotics in agriculture and waste management practices. Conclusion: It is important to integrate the One Health approach into the public health system to effectively tackle the emergence and spread of ARB and genes that code for resistance to different antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adebowale Toba Odeyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University SDG Groups 2 and 3, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ibiwumi Ayo-ajayi
- Department of Computer Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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11
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Hall L, Nichols C, Martelli F, Leng J, Shuttleworth C, La Ragione R. Significant differences in the caecal bacterial microbiota of red and grey squirrels in Britain. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38354038 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Red squirrel populations have declined in the UK since the introduction of the grey squirrel, due to resource competition and grey squirrels carrying a squirrelpox virus that is fatal to red squirrels.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. It is not known if the gut microbiota of the two species is similar and if this could impact the survival of red squirrels.Aim. The aim of this study was to profile the caecal microbiota of red and grey squirrels obtained opportunistically from a conservation programme in North Wales.Methodology. Bacterial DNA was extracted from ten red and ten grey squirrels and sent for 16S rRNA sequencing. Three samples from red squirrels returned less than 5000 reads, and so were not carried forward for further analyses.Results. Samples taken from the caeca of red squirrels had significantly lower bacterial diversity and a higher percentage of Bacilli bacteria when compared to samples from grey squirrels. When the abundance of bacterial groups across all levels of phylogenetic classifications was compared between the two groups of squirrels, grey squirrels had a higher abundance of bacteria belonging to the families S24-7, RF39 and Rikenellaceae. Escherichia coli with resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was identified in all samples. Cefotaxime resistance was identified in two samples from grey squirrels along with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in one of these samples.Conclusion. Clear differences between the caecal microbiota of the two species of squirrel were identified, which could potentially impact their overall health and ability to compete for resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hall
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK
| | | | - Francesca Martelli
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA -Weybridge), Addlestone, UK
| | - Joy Leng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Craig Shuttleworth
- School of Natural Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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12
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Odey TOJ, Tanimowo WO, Afolabi KO, Jahid IK, Reuben RC. Antimicrobial use and resistance in food animal production: food safety and associated concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1-23. [PMID: 38055165 PMCID: PMC10830768 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in food animal (FA) production is a common practice all over the world, with even greater usage and dependence in the developing world, including Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, this practice which serves obvious economic benefits to producers has raised public health concerns over the last decades, thus driving the selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and adversely impacting food safety and environmental health. This review presents the current and comprehensive antimicrobial usage practices in food animal production across SSA. We further highlighted the overall regional drivers as well as the public health, environmental, and economic impact of antimicrobial use in the production of food animals. Antimicrobial use is likely to increase with even exacerbated outcomes unless cost-effective, safe, and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, especially probiotics, prebiotics, bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, vaccines, etc. are urgently advocated for and used in food animal production in SSA. These, in addition to the implementation of strong legislation on antimicrobial use, and improved hygiene will help mitigate the public health concerns associated with antimicrobial use in food animals and improve the well-being and safety of food animals and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Obiebe Jason Odey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Applied, and Health Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Williams Omotola Tanimowo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Applied, and Health Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Olayinka Afolabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Applied, and Health Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Pathogenic Yeasts Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Applied, and Health Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria.
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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13
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Eckenko R, Maiboroda O, Muzyka N, Stegniy B, Mezinov O, Rula O, Muzyka D. Circulation of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild and Domestic Waterfowl in Ukraine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:17-26. [PMID: 37883639 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly urgent problem for human and animal health due to the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture. At the same time, the natural reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant pathogens remain unclear. Wild birds may play a role in this due to their biology. Escherichia coli is a representative indicator pathogen for antibiotic resistance studies. Materials and Methods: In 2020-2021, sampling of feces and cloacal swabs from six species of wild waterfowl (Eurasian wigeon Anas penelope, Eurasian teal Anas crecca, white-fronted goose Anser albifrons, red-breasted goose Rufibrenta ruficollis, graylag goose Anser anser, shelduck Tadorna tadorna) and from two species of domestic waterfowl (ducks and geese) was conducted in the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Kharkiv, and Cherkasy regions of Ukraine. Biological material was collected, stored, and transported in cryotubes with transport medium (brain heart infusion broth [BHIB] with the addition of 15% glycerol) in liquid nitrogen. Bacteriological studies were carried out according to standard methods for the isolation and identification of microorganisms. Drug resistance of E. coli was carried out by a standard disk diffusion method. Results: Bacteria representing six families (Enterobacteriaceae, Yersiniaceae, Morganellaceae, Bacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae) were isolated from clinically healthy wild birds (wigeon, Eurasian teal, white-fronted goose, red-breasted goose, mallard, graylag goose, shelduck) in the southern regions of Ukraine with isolation rates ranging from 26.7% to 100%. A total of 19 E. coli isolates were cultured from 111 samples from wild birds, and 30 isolates of E. coli were cultured from 32 poultry samples. E. coli was isolated from birds of all species. The prevalence of E. coli ranged from 5.0% to 33.3% in wild waterfowl and from 90.9% to 100% in domestic waterfowl. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli ranged from 10.0% to 31.8% in wild and domestic waterfowl: 3 of 15 (20%) specimens from wild mallard were MDR in the Kherson region, as well as 7 of 22 domestic ducks (31.8%) and 1 of 10 geese (10%) in the Kharkiv and Cherkasy regions. Isolates from wild birds were the most resistant to ampicillin (AMP), amoxiclav (AMC), amoxicillin (AMX), doxycycline (DO), and chloramphenicol (C). Isolates from poultry were resistant to ampicillin, amoxiclav, doxycycline, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin (EX). Most of the other E. coli isolates from wild waterfowl were classified as non-multidrug-resistant (non-MDR) forms. Analysis of antibiotic sensitivity phenotypes showed that only four antibiotic-resistant phenotypes were detected among non-MDR bacteria, whereas among the MDR bacteria, two antibiotic-resistant phenotypes were detected in mallards and six in domestic waterfowl. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that wild waterfowl in Ukraine, which live in natural conditions and do not receive any antimicrobial drugs, are carriers of E. coli that are resistant to a number of antibiotics that are actively used in industrial poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslana Eckenko
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Maiboroda
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve "Askania Nova" Askania-Nova Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine (NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
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14
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Wang J, Liang S, Lu X, Xu Q, Zhu Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Xie F. Bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 as a potent antibacterial agent against polymicrobial biofilms formed by enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304932. [PMID: 38152375 PMCID: PMC10751913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus remains a major public health concern worldwide. Furthermore, these microbes frequently co-exist in biofilm-associated infections, largely nullifying antibiotic-based therapy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy for combating infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 in vitro. Ply113 exhibited high and rapid lytic activity against E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ply113 treatment led to the detachment of bacterial cell walls and considerable cell lysis. Ply113 maintained stable lytic activity over a temperature range of 4-45°C, over a pH range of 5.0-8.0, and in the presence of 0-400 mM NaCl. Ply113 treatment effectively eliminated the mono-species biofilms formed by E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Ply113 was also able to eliminate the dual-species biofilms of E. faecium-S. aureus and E. faecalis-S. aureus. Additionally, Ply113 exerted potent antibacterial efficacy in vivo, distinctly decreasing the bacterial loads in a murine peritoneal septicemia model. Our findings suggest that the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 is a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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15
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Dalazen G, Sellera FP, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sano E, Fontana H, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Silveira LF, Matushima ER, Lincopan N. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Belonging to Novel Sequence Types ST473 and ST474 in Wild Birds Inhabiting the Brazilian Amazonia. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:20. [PMID: 38008776 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. We have conducted a microbiological and genomic surveillance study of broad-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria colonizing wild birds inhabiting the Brazilian Amazonia. Strikingly, two S. maltophilia strains (SM79 and SM115) were identified in Plain-throated antwren (Isleria hauxwelli) passerines affected by Amazonian fragmentation and degradation. Noteworthy, SM79 and SM115 strains belonged to new sequence types (STs) ST474 and ST473, respectively, displaying resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams, aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones. In this regard, resistome analysis confirmed efflux pumps (smeABC, smeDEF, emrAB-tolC and macB), blaL1 and blaL2, aph(3')-IIc and aac(6')-Iak, and Smqnr resistance genes. Comparative phylogenomic analysis with publicly available S. maltophilia genomes clustered ST473 and ST474 with human strains, whereas the ST474 was also grouped with S. maltophilia strains isolated from water and poultry samples. In summary, we report two novel sequence types of S. maltophilia colonizing wild Amazonian birds. The presence of opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogens in wild birds, from remotes areas, could represent an ecological problem since these animals could easily promote long-distance dispersal of medically important antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, while our results could provide a baseline for future epidemiological genomic studies, considering the limited information regarding S. maltophilia circulating among wild animals, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical impact and degree of pathogenicity of this human opportunistic pathogen in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Dalazen
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Parra Sellera
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Elder Sano
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herrison Fontana
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fábio Silveira
- Zoology Museum of the University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Wesołowska M, Szczuka E. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance among Staphylococci Isolated from the Skin Microbiota of Healthy Goats and Sheep. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1594. [PMID: 37998796 PMCID: PMC10668681 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci colonize the skin and mucous membranes of different animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the staphylococcal composition of the skin microbiota of healthy, non-vet visiting, and antimicrobially non-treated sheep and goats. In total, 83 strains (44 from goats and 39 from sheep) were isolated and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The diversity of the isolated Staphylococcus species was relatively high, and only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated. In sheep, S. vitulinus (9/39, 23.1%) was the most common species, followed by S. equorum (8/39, 20.5%), S. lentus (7/39, 17.9%), S. sciuri (6/39, 15.4%), S. xylosus (6/39, 15.4%), S. warneri (1/39, 2.6%), S. simulans (1/39, 2.6%), and S. nepalensis (1/39, 2.6%). In the goats, the most common species was S. sciuri, which was detected in 13 (29.5%) animals. The goat skin was also inhabited by S. equorum (7/44, 15.9%), S. vitulinus (6/44, 13.6%), S. cohnii (5/44, 11.4%), S. lentus (4/44, 9.1%), S. suscinus (3/44, 6.8%), S. caprae, (2/44, 4.5%), S. auricularis (2/44, 4.5%), S. warneri (1/44, 2.3%), and S. xylosus (1/44, 2.3%). Only one S. xylosus strain of goat origin carried the enterotoxin gene (sea). Antimicrobial resistance was not common among the isolated staphylococci. Only 31 (37.3%) strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, with the highest frequency of resistance to penicillin (16.8%), followed by clindamycin (9.6%), erythromycin (8.4%), moxifloxacin (8.4%), and tetracycline (7.2%). All isolates were susceptible to eight antibiotics (amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline), representing six different classes. Three isolates displayed a multi-resistance phenotype (MDR): the goat isolates S. cohnii and S. sciuri, as well as the ewe isolate S. xylosus. The MDR S. cohnii isolate was found to be methicillin-resistant and carried the mecA gene. Moreover, the staphylococci isolated from the healthy animals carried genes conferring resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines (tetL, tetK), macrolides (ermB, ermC), lincosamides (lnu), and fluoroquinolones (grlA). However, the prevalence of these genes was low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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17
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Mondal P, Halder P, Mallick B, Bhaumik S, Koley H, Dutta S, Dutta M. Controlling the bacterial load of Salmonella Typhi in an experimental mouse model by a lytic Salmonella phage STWB21: a phage therapy approach. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37924001 PMCID: PMC10623789 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is one of the major pathogens causing typhoid fever and a public health burden worldwide. Recently, the increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella spp. has made this utmost necessary to consider bacteriophages as a potential alternative to antibiotics for S. Typhi infection treatment. Salmonella phage STWB21, isolated from environmental water, has earlier been reported to be effective as a safe biocontrol agent by our group. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of phage STWB21 in reducing the burden of salmonellosis in a mammalian host by inhibiting Salmonella Typhi invasion into the liver and spleen tissue. RESULTS Phage treatment significantly improved the survival percentage of infected mice. This study also demonstrated that oral administration of phage treatment could be beneficial in both preventive and therapeutic treatment of salmonellosis caused by S. Typhi. Altogether the result showed that the phage treatment could control tissue inflammation in mice before and after Salmonella infection. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phage therapy in a mouse model against a clinically isolated Salmonella Typhi strain that includes direct visualization of histopathology and ultrathin section microscopy images from the liver and spleen sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prolay Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bani Mallick
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadip Bhaumik
- University Science Instrumentation Centre, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, 700010, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Baig MIR, Kadu P, Bawane P, Nakhate KT, Yele S, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Mechanisms of emerging resistance associated with non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents: a state-of-the-art review. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:629-641. [PMID: 37605076 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the development of resistance by microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs has been recognized as a global public health concern, the contribution of various non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains largely neglected. The present review discusses various chemical substances and factors other than typical antibiotics, such as preservatives, disinfectants, biocides, heavy metals and improper chemical sterilization that contribute to the development of AMR. Furthermore, it encompasses the mechanisms like co-resistance and co-selection, horizontal gene transfer, changes in the composition and permeability of cell membrane, efflux pumps, transposons, biofilm formation and enzymatic degradation of antimicrobial chemicals which underlie the development of resistance to various non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents. In addition, the review addresses the resistance-associated changes that develops in microorganisms due to these agents, which ultimately contribute to the development of resistance to antibiotics. In order to prevent the indiscriminate use of chemical substances and create novel therapeutic agents to halt resistance development, a more holistic scientific approach might provide diversified views on crucial factors contributing to the persistence and spread of AMR. The review illustrates the common and less explored mechanisms contributing directly or indirectly to the development of AMR by non-antimicrobial agents that are commonly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Ilyas Rahim Baig
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Pramod Kadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
| | - Pradip Bawane
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
| | - Santosh Yele
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM's NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Hyderabad, 509301, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
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de Alcântara LP, Santana JA, Clark Xavier RG, Tinoco HP, Coelho CM, Dos Santos DO, Santos RL, Nogueira de Carvalho MP, Silveira Silva RO. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM FELIDS AND CANIDS IN BELO HORIZONTE ZOO, BRAZIL. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:584-592. [PMID: 37817625 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. has become a major concern among humans and animals due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and frequent reports of infection. Despite the importance of animals as reservoirs for staphylococci, little is known about the epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. in most nondomestic species, including canids and felids. This study evaluated the frequency, distribution, and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococcal species isolated from captive felids and canids from Belo Horizonte Zoo, Brazil. Rectal, oral, and nasal swabs from apparently healthy maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus, n= 7), a lion (Panthera leo, n = 1), jaguars (Panthera onca, n = 3), and one swab of a cougar (Puma concolor) with an ear infection were streaked onto mannitol salt agar. Colonies identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction for the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains were subjected to multilocus sequence typing. Staphylococcus species were isolated from 24 of the 34 samples (70.6%). Among the isolated strains, S. pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus felis were the most frequent species (41.7 and 25%, respectively). Five novel sequence types were identified among the S. pseudintermedius isolates. Resistance to tetracycline (7/24, 29.2%) or penicillin (6/23, 26.1%) was significantly higher than the other antimicrobial agents tested (P < 0.05). One isolate, Staphylococcus nepalensis, was positive for mecA and resistant to five antimicrobials, and was thus classified as multidrug-resistant. The present work suggests that maned wolves are natural hosts of SIG and also reports the isolation of S. felis in sick and healthy, captive, nondomestic carnivores. The isolated staphylococci were susceptible to most classes of antimicrobials tested. However, the multidrug-resistance capability of an S. nepalensis strain reinforces the hypothesis that felids and canids act as reservoirs of pathogens with antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana Almeida Santana
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31270-901
| | | | - Herlandes Penha Tinoco
- Municipal Parks and Zoobotanic Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31365-450
| | - Carlyle Mendes Coelho
- Municipal Parks and Zoobotanic Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31365-450
| | | | - Renato Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31270-901
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20
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Li R, Ling B, Zeng J, Wang X, Yang N, Fan L, Guo G, Li X, Yan F, Zheng J. A nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST3495 isolated from a wild Burmese python (Python bivittatus) with suppurative pneumonia and bacteremia in Hainan, China. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2403-2412. [PMID: 37344655 PMCID: PMC10484839 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common infectious agent associated with respiratory diseases in boas and pythons, however, the histopathology, resistance and virulence are yet described for this species. In this study, we investigated a dying Burmese python rescued from tropical rainforest in Hainan. Clinical signs were open-mouthed breathing, abnormal shedding and anorexia. Abundant yellow mucopurulent secretions were observed in highly ectatic segmental bronchi by postmortem. Histopathological lesions included systemic pneumonia, enteritis, nephritis and carditis. P. aeruginosa was the only species isolated from heart blood, kidney, trachea and lung. The phenotype analysis demonstrated that the isolates had strong biofilm, and were sensitive to amikacin, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and polymyxin B, moreover, the LD50 of the most virulent isolate was 2.22×105 cfu/mL in a zebrafish model. Molecular epidemiological analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to sequence type 3495, the common gene patterns were toxA + exoSYT + phzIM + plcHN in virulence and catB + blaTEM + ant (3'')-I+ tetA in resistance. This study highlights that P. aeruginosa should be worth more attention in wildlife conservation and raise the public awareness for the cross infection and cross spread between animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roushan Li
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bo Ling
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jifeng Zeng
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- One health institute, Hainan university, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guiying Guo
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- One health institute, Hainan university, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Biological and Chemical Engineering College, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- One health institute, Hainan university, Haikou, 570228, China.
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21
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Sebola DC, Oguttu JW, Kock MM, Qekwana DN. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs presented at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. Vet World 2023; 16:1880-1888. [PMID: 37859969 PMCID: PMC10583888 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1880-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are opportunistic bacterial pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections in veterinary medicine. Infection with these bacteria always requires urgent antimicrobial therapy. However, there is no evidence of studies that have investigated the antimicrobial drug resistance profile of these organisms in a veterinary setting in South Africa. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae from clinical specimens obtained from dogs presented at a veterinary academic hospital. The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of the AMR profile of these bacteria in veterinary medicine. Materials and Methods Retrospective data of clinical samples from dogs that were positive for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae between 2007 and 2013 were used in this study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The A. baumannii isolates were subjected to a panel of 20 antibiotics, while K. pneumoniae isolates were subjected to a panel of 22 antibiotics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented using tables and figures. Results Twenty (n = 20) A. baumannii isolates were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, foreign objects, bone, urine, skin, blood, ear, nasal, and oral cavity. Almost all A. baumannii (95%, 19/20) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 60% (12/20) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 56) was isolated from urine, foreign objects, abscesses, ears, eyes, tracheal aspirations, bronchoalveolar lavages, eyes, abdominal aspirates, anal glands, bones, and intestinal and lung biopsies. All K. pneumoniae (100%, 56/56) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 98% (55/56) were MDR. Conclusion Both A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae were isolated in various clinical tissue samples and exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics. In addition, these bacteria exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to β-lactam compared to other classes of antibiotics, which is likely to impact treatment options and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikeledi C. Sebola
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James W. Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marleen M. Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N. Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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22
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Gugjoo MB, Sakeena Q, Wani MY, Abdel-Baset Ismail A, Ahmad SM, Shah RA. Mesenchymal stem cells: A promising antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106234. [PMID: 37442216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal populations citing the limited available options. Alternative antimicrobial options or functional enhancement of currently available antimicrobials remains only options. One of the potential options seems stem cells especially the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that show antimicrobial properties. These cells additionally have pro-healing effects that may plausibly improve healing outcomes. MSCs antimicrobial actions are mediated either through direct cell-cell contact or their secretome that enhances innate immune mediated antimicrobial activities. These cells synergistically enhance efficacy of currently available antimicrobials especially against the biofilms. Reciprocal action from antimicrobials on the MSCs functionality remains poorly understood. Currently, the main limitation with MSCs based therapy is their limited efficacy. This demands further understanding and can be enhanced through biotechnological interventions. One of the interventional options is the 'priming' to enhance MSCs resistance and specific expression potential. The available literature shows potential antimicrobial actions of MSCs both ex vivo as well as in vivo. The studies on veterinary species are very promising although limited by number and extensiveness in details for their utility as standard therapeutic agents. The current review aims to discuss the role of animals in AMR and the potential antimicrobial actions of MSCs in veterinary medicine. The review also discusses the limitations in their utilization as standard therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qumaila Sakeena
- Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Mohd Yaqoob Wani
- Directorate of Extension Education, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Baset Ismail
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
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23
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Syed Abu Thahir S, Rajendiran S, Shaharudin R, Veloo Y. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 37627750 PMCID: PMC10451245 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and persistent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in low-income countries have received growing attention among the public and scientific community. Notably, the excessive use of antibiotics in chicken feed for the purpose of treatment or as prophylaxis in the poultry industry have led to a rising rate of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species and its mobile genetic elements from soil and effluent samples of 33 randomly selected poultry farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Salmonella species were isolated on selective media (CHROMagar™ Salmonella). VITEK® 2 system was used to identify the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Subsequently, eight isolates were subjected to the whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the results, Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.1% (24/63) of samples, with the highest resistance to ampicillin (62.5%), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%) and ciprofloxacin (45.8%). Meanwhile, the identified serovars were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden), S. Jedburgh, and S. Brancaster. The most prevalent resistance genes detected include qnrS1, blaTEM-176, dfrA14, and tet(A). The IncX1 plasmid, with encoded resistance genes, was also detected in four isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the quinolone resistant-determining regions (QRDR) were discovered, specifically in the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes. In short, surveillance such as continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and emerging trends in resistance patterns through farm environmental samples could provide information to formulate public health interventions for effective infection prevention and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Sakshaleni Rajendiran
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Rafiza Shaharudin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Yuvaneswary Veloo
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
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24
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Kaleva MD, Ilieva Y, Zaharieva MM, Dimitrova L, Kim TC, Tsvetkova I, Georgiev Y, Orozova P, Nedev K, Najdenski H. Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Farms and Surroundings in Bulgaria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1909. [PMID: 37630469 PMCID: PMC10459462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a ubiquitous microorganism with pathogenic and saprophytic clones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence, virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of E. coli in three industrial farms in Bulgaria, as well as their adjacent sites related to the utilization of manure (feces, wastewater in a separator, lagoons, means of transport, and soils). The isolation of single bacterial cultures was performed via standard procedures with modifications, and E. coli isolates were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial resistance, and PCR was used to detect genes for antibiotic resistance (GAR) (qnr, aac(3), ampC, blaSHV/blaTEM and erm) and virulence genes (stx, stx2all, LT, STa, F4 and eae). The protocol of Stepanović was utilized to measure the biofilm formation of the isolates. A total of 84 isolates from different samples (n = 53) were identified as E. coli. Almost all demonstrated antimicrobial resistance, and most of them demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics from different classes. No virulence genes coding the Shiga toxin or enterotoxins or those associated with enteropathogenicity were detected. No GAR from those tested for quinolones, aminoglycosides and macrolides were found. However, all isolates that were resistant to a penicillin-class antibiotic (56) had β-lactamase-producing plasmid genes. All of them had ampC, and 34 of them had blaTEM. A total of 14 isolates formed strongly adherent biofilms. These results in a country where the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and prophylaxis in farms is highly restricted corroborate that the global implemented policy on antibiotics in human medicine and in animal husbandry needs revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila D. Kaleva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yana Ilieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Maya Margaritova Zaharieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Lyudmila Dimitrova
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tanya Chan Kim
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Iva Tsvetkova
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Petya Orozova
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusks and Crustacean Diseases, National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Institute, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Krasimir Nedev
- Swine Complex (Svinekompleks) Krumovo Gradishte, Boni Holding AD, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.D.K.); (Y.I.); (M.M.Z.); (L.D.); (T.C.K.); (I.T.); (Y.G.)
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25
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Elfadadny A, Uchiyama J, Goto K, Imanishi I, Ragab RF, Nageeb WM, Iyori K, Toyoda Y, Tsukui T, Ide K, Kawamoto K, Nishifuji K. Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the ear canals of dogs in Japan. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1074127. [PMID: 37546340 PMCID: PMC10397403 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1074127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong bond between dogs and their owners creates a close association that could result in the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from canines to humans, potentially leading to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common causative agent of persistent ear infections in dogs, is often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Assessing the antimicrobial resistance profile and genotype of P. aeruginosa is crucial for the appropriate use of veterinary pharmaceuticals. However, in recent years, few studies have been conducted on this bacterium in Japan. We determined the antimicrobial resistance profile and genotype of P. aeruginosa isolated from the ear canal of dogs in Japan in 2020. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance using disk diffusion tests indicated a high frequency of resistance to most antimicrobial agents. Particularly, 29 isolates from the ear canals of the 29 affected dogs (100%) were resistant to cefovecin, cefpodoxime, and florfenicol; however, they were susceptible to cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam. Only 3.4, 10.3, and 10.3% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, tobramycin, and gentamicin, respectively. Furthermore, upon analyzing the population structure using multilocus sequence typing, a considerably large clonal complex was not observed in the tested isolates. Three isolates, namely ST3881, ST1646, and ST532, were clonally related to the clinically isolated sequence types in Japan (such as ST1831, ST1413, ST1812, and ST1849), which is indicative of dog-to-human transmission. Considering the variation in antibiotic resistance compared to that reported by previous studies and the potential risk of dog-to-human transmission, we believe that the survey for antimicrobial resistance profile and population structure should be continued regularly. However, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in dogs in Japan is not a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elfadadny
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Goto
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rokaia F. Ragab
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Wedad M. Nageeb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Keita Iyori
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Toyoda
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Ide
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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26
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Peltoniemi O, Tanskanen T, Kareskoski M. One Health challenges for pig reproduction. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:420-435. [PMID: 36638261 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current state of the world challenges pig reproduction as an important part of One Health, which involves interrelationships between animal, human and environmental health. The One Health concept underlines a comparative aspect in reproductive physiology and disease occurrence, bridging knowledge from one species to another. Seasonal changes in the environment affect pig reproduction and climate change may further strengthen those effects. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and specifically phthalates and heavy metals, interfere with endocrine function, and thereby sexual behavior, fertilization capacity and steroidogenesis. Reproductive infections and extended semen storage are important indications for antimicrobial use. Innovative solutions are needed to explore alternatives to antimicrobials. Efforts to ensure reproductive efficiency have prolonged farrowing as litter size has doubled over the past three decades, compromising immune transfer and welfare. Physiological, metabolic and programming related events around parturition are key areas for future One Health research in pig reproduction. In conclusion, climate change challenges reproductive management and breeding. More resilient pigs that can tolerate harsh environment but maintain high reproductive performance are needed. EDCs continue to grow as an environmental challenge for reproductive management and alternatives to antibiotics will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Topi Tanskanen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kareskoski
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Sierra TAO, Acosta AC, de Melo RPB, de Oliveira PRF, de Moraes Peixoto R, Cavalcanti EFTSF, Junior JWP, Mota RA. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk from cows with subclinical mastitis in northeast Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1303-1307. [PMID: 36964326 PMCID: PMC10235308 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram negative bacteria are becoming increasingly important in veterinary and human medicine because they can hydrolyze the third generation β-lactams, penicillins, and monobactams. The aim of this study was to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in raw cow milk samples from northeast Brazil. Twenty-six bacterial isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were obtained from milk samples from 257 cows with subclinical mastitis. Using microbiological tests, 53.85% (14/26) were identified as Escherichia coli, 15.38% (4/26) as Proteus mirabilis, 26.92% (7/26) as Klebsiella spp., and 3.85% (1/26) as Citrobacter spp. Of all the isolates, 61.54% (16/26) were positive in the ESBL screening test, of which 12.5% (2/16) were positive in the double-disc synergy test using three types of cephalosporins and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The two isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. Among all the isolates, 53.85% (14/26) were positive for one or both ESBL-encoding genes, blaSHV and blaTEM; among these, 71.43% (10/14) were identified as E. coli. This study demonstrates that ESBL-producing bacteria can be found in raw cow milk from northeast Brazil. Cows with subclinical mastitis should be recognized as reservoirs of these strains, which can propagate to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atzel Candido Acosta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), PE, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Sertão Pernambucano (IF SERTÃO-PE)-R. Maria Luzia de Araújo Gomes Cabral, 791-João de Deus, CEP, Petrolina, PE, 56316-686, Brazil
| | | | - José Wilton Pinheiro Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), PE, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), PE, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
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28
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Androutsopoulou C, Makridis P. Antibacterial Activity against Four Fish Pathogenic Bacteria of Twelve Microalgae Species Isolated from Lagoons in Western Greece. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1396. [PMID: 37374898 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae may produce a range of high-value bioactive substances, making them a promising resource for various applications. In this study, the antibacterial activity of twelve microalgae species isolated from lagoons in western Greece was examined against four fish pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas veronii, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi). Two experimental approaches were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of microalgae on pathogenic bacteria. The first approach used bacteria-free microalgae cultures, whereas the second approach used filter-sterilized supernatant from centrifuged microalgae cultures. The results demonstrated that all microalgae had inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria in the first approach, particularly 4 days after inoculation, where Asteromonas gracilis and Tetraselmis sp. (red var., Pappas) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, reducing bacterial growth by 1 to 3 log units. In the second approach, Tetraselmis sp. (red var., Pappas) showed significant inhibition against V. alginolyticus between 4 and 25 h after inoculation. Moreover, all tested cyanobacteria exhibited inhibitory activity against V. alginolyticus between 21 and 48 h after inoculation. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test. These findings suggested that microalgae produce compounds with antibacterial activity, which could be useful in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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29
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van Duijkeren E, Rantala M, Bouchard D, Busani L, Catry B, Kaspar H, Pomba C, Moreno MA, Nilsson O, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Wester AL, Ignate K, Jukes H, Kunsagi Z, Schwarz C. The use of aminopenicillins in animals within the EU, emergence of resistance in bacteria of animal and human origin and its possible impact on animal and human health. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7179861. [PMID: 37229552 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminopenicillins have been widely used for decades for the treatment of various infections in animals and humans in European countries. Following this extensive use, acquired resistance has emerged among human and animal pathogens and commensal bacteria. Aminopenicillins are important first-line treatment options in both humans and animals, but are also among limited therapies for infections with enterococci and Listeria spp. in humans in some settings. Therefore, there is a need to assess the impact of the use of these antimicrobials in animals on public and animal health. The most important mechanisms of resistance to aminopenicillins are the β-lactamase enzymes. Similar resistance genes have been detected in bacteria of human and animal origin, and molecular studies suggest that transmission of resistant bacteria or resistance genes occurs between animals and humans. Due to the complexity of epidemiology and the near ubiquity of many aminopenicillin resistance determinants, the direction of transfer is difficult to ascertain, except for major zoonotic pathogens. It is therefore challenging to estimate to what extent the use of aminopenicillins in animals could create negative health consequences to humans at the population level. Based on the extent of use of aminopenicillins in humans, it seems probable that the major resistance selection pressure in human pathogens in European countries is due to human consumption. It is evident that veterinary use of these antimicrobials increases the selection pressure towards resistance in animals and loss of efficacy will at minimum jeopardize animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engeline van Duijkeren
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Rantala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Damien Bouchard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety, National Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Fougères, France
| | - Luca Busani
- Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Boudewijn Catry
- Sciensano, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department Method Standardisation, Reference Laboratories, Resistance to Antibiotics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskar Nilsson
- National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pascal Sanders
- French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety, Strategy and Programme Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Helen Jukes
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine Schwarz
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department Method Standardisation, Reference Laboratories, Resistance to Antibiotics, Berlin, Germany
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Veterinary Drugs, Berlin, Germany
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Shoaib M, Xu J, Meng X, Wu Z, Hou X, He Z, Shang R, Zhang H, Pu W. Molecular epidemiology and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1183390. [PMID: 37265496 PMCID: PMC10230075 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1183390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-aureus Staphylococcus (NAS) species are currently the most commonly identified microbial agents causing sub-clinical infections of the udder and are also deemed as opportunistic pathogens of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. More than 10 NAS species have been identified and studied but little is known about S. haemolyticus in accordance with dairy mastitis. The present study focused on the molecular epidemiology and genotypic characterization of S. haemolyticus isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China. Methods In this study, a total of 356 milk samples were collected from large dairy farms in three provinces in Northwest, China. The bacterial isolation and presumptive identification were done by microbiological and biochemical methods following the molecular confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by PCR. The phylogenetic grouping and sequence typing was done by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) respectively. Results In total, 39/356 (11.0%) were identified as positive for S. haemolyticus. The overall prevalence of other Staphylococcus species was noted to be 39.6% (141/356), while the species distribution was as follows: S. aureus 14.9%, S. sciuri 10.4%, S. saprophyticus 7.6%, S. chromogenes 4.2%, S. simulans 1.4%, and S. epidermidis 1.1%. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 39 S. haemolyticus strains exhibited higher resistance to erythromycin (92.3%) followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.3%), ciprofloxacin (43.6%), florfenicol (30.8%), cefoxitin (28.2%), and gentamicin (23.1%). All of the S. haemolyticus strains were susceptible to tetracycline, vancomycin, and linezolid. The overall percentage of multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. haemolyticus strains was noted to be 46.15% (18/39). Among ARGs, mphC was identified as predominant (82.05%), followed by ermB (33.33%), floR (30.77%), gyrA (30.77%), sul1 (28.21%), ermA (23.08%), aadD (12.82%), grlA (12.82%), aacA-aphD (10.26%), sul2 (10.26%), dfrA (7.69%), and dfrG (5.13%). The PFGE categorized 39 S. haemolyticus strains into A-H phylogenetic groups while the MLST categorized strains into eight STs with ST8 being the most predominant while other STs identified were ST3, ST11, ST22, ST32, ST19, ST16, and ST7. Conclusion These findings provided new insights into our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. haemolyticus in dairy farms to inform interventions limiting the spread of AMR in dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Meng
- Lanzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
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Mutua F, Kiarie G, Mbatha M, Onono J, Boqvist S, Kilonzi E, Mugisha L, Moodley A, Sternberg-Lewerin S. Antimicrobial Use by Peri-Urban Poultry Smallholders of Kajiado and Machakos Counties in Kenya. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050905. [PMID: 37237808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An understanding of current practices can lead to better targeting of AMU-reducing interventions. An analysis of the distribution and current usage of veterinary drugs in peri-urban smallholder poultry systems in Kenya was undertaken. A survey among poultry farmers and key informant interviews with agrovet operators and other players in the value chain was conducted in Machakos and Kajiado counties. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed. The majority (58%) were > 50 years old, and all kept chickens, while 66% kept other livestock. Antibiotics constituted 43% of the drugs reportedly used on the farms (n = 706). These were mostly administered by the farmers themselves (86%) through water (98%). Leftover drugs were stored for later use (89%) or disposed of (11%). Incineration was the main method for the disposal of leftover drugs and empty containers. As described by the key informants (n = 17), the drug distribution chain relied on agrovet shops that were supplied by local distributors and pharmaceutical companies, which, in turn, supplied drugs to the farmers. Farmers reportedly purchased drugs without prescriptions and rarely observed the withdrawal periods. Drug quality was a concern, especially for products requiring reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mutua
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Gideon Kiarie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Miriam Mbatha
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Joshua Onono
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily Kilonzi
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Lawrence Mugisha
- Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
- Ecohealth Research Group, Conservation & Ecosystem Health Alliance, Kampala P.O. Box 34153, Uganda
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health Program, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Messele YE, Trott DJ, Hasoon MF, Veltman T, McMeniman JP, Kidd SP, Djordjevic SP, Petrovski KR, Low WY. Phylogenetic Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolated from Australian Feedlot Cattle in Comparison to Pig Faecal and Poultry/Human Extraintestinal Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050895. [PMID: 37237797 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The similarity of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy cattle to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing extraintestinal infections in humans is not fully understood. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach based on whole genome sequencing data to determine the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships among faecal Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle (n = 37) from a single feedlot in comparison to previously analysed pig faecal (n = 45), poultry extraintestinal (n = 19), and human extraintestinal E. coli isolates (n = 40) from three previous Australian studies. Most beef cattle and pig isolates belonged to E. coli phylogroups A and B1, whereas most avian and human isolates belonged to B2 and D, although a single human extraintestinal isolate belonged to phylogenetic group A and sequence type (ST) 10. The most common E. coli sequence types (STs) included ST10 for beef cattle, ST361 for pig, ST117 for poultry, and ST73 for human isolates. Extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase genes were identified in seven out of thirty-seven (18.9%) beef cattle isolates. The most common plasmid replicons identified were IncFIB (AP001918), followed by IncFII, Col156, and IncX1. The results confirm that feedlot cattle isolates examined in this study represent a reduced risk to human and environmental health with regard to being a source of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E Messele
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mauida F Hasoon
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tania Veltman
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joe P McMeniman
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Level 1, 40 Mount Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wai Y Low
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Cocco A, Alessiani A, Salini R, Iapaolo F, Averaimo D, Pompilii C, Foschi G, Bellucci F, Iannino F, Dalla Villa P, Janowicz A, Caporale M. Detection of Potential Zoonotic Agents Isolated in Italian Shelters and the Assessment of Animal Welfare Correlation with Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050863. [PMID: 37237766 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Welfare conditions in shelters, where dogs might be housed for a long period of time, may have a possible correlation with the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, we assessed the occurrence of AMR in 54 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs housed in 15 Italian shelters and we correlated the resistance patterns to animal welfare. We also aimed to evaluate the presence of specific pathogens with zoonotic potential in sheltered dogs. Thus, nasopharyngeal, rectal, and oral swabs were collected from a group of 20 dogs in each shelter and totaled 758 swabs. We identified 9 Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, 1 Pasteurella multocida, 9 Staphylococcus aureus, 12 Campylobacter spp., 54 Escherichia coli, 2 Salmonella enterica, and 246 Capnocytophaga spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed for the E. coli isolates using a panel of 14 antibiotics. The highest level of relative AMR was recorded for ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole. The association found between AMR and the levels of animal welfare scores in shelters was evident although not statistically significant. These results support the hypothesis that the good management of shelters can increase the level of animal welfare, thus reducing the use of antibiotics and, as a consequence, the AMR occurrence found in dogs that share their domestic environment with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cocco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Iapaolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pompilii
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Foschi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellucci
- Ministero della Salute, Direzione Generale della Sanità e dei Farmaci Veterinari, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Filomena Iannino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Dalla Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Janowicz
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Caporale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Pimenta J, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Cotovio M. Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resistances Watcher? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040792. [PMID: 37107153 PMCID: PMC10135200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses are considered as reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be spread through the environment and possibly to humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral Gram-negative microbiota of healthy horses and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in a One Health approach. For this purpose, samples were collected from the gingival margin of healthy horses, free of antimicrobial therapy, cultured in selective mediums, identified, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-five Gram-negative isolates were identified, with 89.5% being zoonotic and 62% affecting humans, which were also found commonly in the environment. Forty-eight isolates (96%) were MDR. The phenotypic resistance presented as higher to macrolides (81.8%), β-lactams (55.4%), and quinolones (50%), and lower to sulfonamides (27.3%), tetracyclines, and amphenicols (both with 30.9%). In total, 51.5% of the isolates presented resistance to carbapenems. In addition to being the first report on the commensal oral microbiota of horses and respective susceptibility profile, this study highlights the horse as a valuable sentinel that can control the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria between the "One Health triad" since it is in contact with humans, other animals, and the environment, in different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pimenta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Cotovio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Kalpana S, Lin WY, Wang YC, Fu Y, Lakshmi A, Wang HY. Antibiotic Resistance Diagnosis in ESKAPE Pathogens-A Review on Proteomic Perspective. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1014. [PMID: 36980322 PMCID: PMC10047325 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as an imminent pandemic. Rapid diagnostic assays distinguish bacterial infections from other diseases and aid antimicrobial stewardship, therapy optimization, and epidemiological surveillance. Traditional methods typically have longer turn-around times for definitive results. On the other hand, proteomic studies have progressed constantly and improved both in qualitative and quantitative analysis. With a wide range of data sets made available in the public domain, the ability to interpret the data has considerably reduced the error rates. This review gives an insight on state-of-the-art proteomic techniques in diagnosing antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE pathogens with a future outlook for evading the "imminent pandemic".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Kalpana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiwen Fu
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Amrutha Lakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Hsin-Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
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Brinck JE, Lassen SB, Forouzandeh A, Pan T, Wang YZ, Monteiro A, Blavi L, Solà-Oriol D, Stein HH, Su JQ, Brandt KK. Impacts of dietary copper on the swine gut microbiome and antibiotic resistome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159609. [PMID: 36273560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters have prompted livestock producers to use alternative growth promoters, and dietary copper (Cu) supplementation is currently being widely used in pig production. However, elevated doses of dietary Cu constitute a risk for co-selection of antibiotic resistance and the risk may depend on the type of Cu-based feed additives being used. We here report the first controlled experiment investigating the impact of two contrasting Cu-based feed additives on the overall swine gut microbiome and antibiotic resistome. DNA was extracted from fecal samples (n = 96) collected at four time points during 116 days from 120 pigs allotted to three dietary treatments: control, divalent copper sulfate (CuSO4; 250 μg Cu g-1 feed), and monovalent copper oxide (Cu2O; 250 μg Cu g-1 feed). Bacterial community composition, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were assessed, and bioavailable Cu ([Cu]bio) was determined using whole-cell bacterial bioreporters. Cu supplementation to feed increased total Cu concentrations ([Cu]total) and [Cu]bio in feces 8-10 fold and at least 670-1000 fold, respectively, but with no significant differences between the two Cu sources. The swine gut microbiome harbored highly abundant and diverse ARGs and MGEs irrespective of the treatments throughout the experiment. Microbiomes differed significantly between pig growth stages and tended to converge over time, but only minor changes in the bacterial community composition and resistome could be linked to Cu supplementation. A significant correlation between bacterial community composition (i.e., bacterial taxa present) and ARG prevalence patterns were observed by Procrustes analysis. Overall, results of the experiment did not provide evidence for Cu-induced co-selection of ARGs or MGEs even at a Cu concentration level exceeding the maximal permitted level for pig diets in the EU (25 to 150 μg Cu g-1 feed depending on pig age).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Emil Brinck
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Bo Lassen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, China
| | - Asal Forouzandeh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Ting Pan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan-Zi Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | | | - Laia Blavi
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kristian K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, China.
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Sebola DC, Oguttu JW, Kock MM, Qekwana DN. Hospital-acquired and zoonotic bacteria from a veterinary hospital and their associated antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1087052. [PMID: 36699325 PMCID: PMC9868922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1087052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and an economic burden due to costs associated with extended hospital stays. Furthermore, most pathogens associated with HAIs in veterinary medicine are zoonotic. This study used published data to identify organisms associated with HAIs and zoonosis in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the study also investigated the antimicrobial-susceptibility profile of these bacterial organisms. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms and five electronic databases were used to identify studies published over 20 years (2000-2020). The risk of bias was assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Vet" (STROBE-Vet) checklist. Results Out of the identified 628 papers, 27 met the inclusion criteria for this study. Most studies (63%, 17/27) included were either from small animal or companion animal clinics/hospitals, while 5% (4/27) were from large animal clinics/hospitals inclusive of bovine and equine hospitals. Hospital-acquired bacteria were reported from environmental surfaces (33%, 9/27), animal clinical cases (29.6%, 8/27), and fomites such as cell phones, clippers, stethoscopes, and computers (14.8%, 4/27). Staphylococcus spp. was the most (63%; 17/27) reported organism, followed by Escherichia coli (19%; 5/27), Enterococcus spp. (15%, 4/27), Salmonella spp. (15%; 4/27), Acinetobacter baumannii (15%, 4/27), Clostridioides difficile (4%, 1/27), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%; 1/27). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms were reported in 71% (12/17) of studies linked to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Enterococcus spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, A. baumannii, and E. coli. The mecA gene was identified in both MRSA and MRSP, the blaCMY-2 gene in E. coli and Salmonella spp., and the vanA gene in E. faecium isolate. Six studies reported organisms from animals with similar clonal lineage to those reported in human isolates. Conclusion Organisms associated with hospital-acquired infections and zoonosis have been reported from clinical cases, environmental surfaces, and items used during patient treatment and care. Staphylococcus species is the most reported organism in cases of HAIs and some isolates shared similar clonal lineage to those reported in humans. Some organisms associated with HAIs exhibit a high level of resistance and contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikeledi C. Sebola
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James W. Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marleen M. Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N. Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,*Correspondence: Daniel N. Qekwana ✉
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Abdelrazik E, El-Hadidi M. Tracking Antibiotic Resistance from the Environment to Human Health. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2649:289-301. [PMID: 37258869 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3072-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the threats to our world according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Resistance is an evolutionary dynamic process where host-associated microbes have to adapt to their stressful environments. AMR could be classified according to the mechanism of resistance or the biome where resistance takes place. Antibiotics are one of the stresses that lead to resistance through antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The resistome could be defined as the collection of all ARGs in an organism's genome or metagenome. Currently, there is a growing body of evidence supporting that the environment is the largest source of ARGs, but to what extent the environment does contribute to the antimicrobial resistance evolution is a matter of investigation. Monitoring the ARGs transfer route from the environment to humans and vice versa is a nature-to-nature feedback loop where you cannot set an accurate starting point of the evolutionary event. Thus, tracking resistome evolution and transfer to and from different biomes is crucial for the surveillance and prediction of the next resistance outbreak.Herein, we review the overlap between clinical and environmental resistomes and the available databases and computational analysis tools for resistome analysis through ARGs detection and characterization in bacterial genomes and metagenomes. Till this moment, there is no tool that can predict the resistance evolution and dynamics in a distinct biome. But, hopefully, by understanding the complicated relationship between the environmental and clinical resistome, we could develop tools that track the feedback loop from nature to nature in terms of evolution, mobilization, and transfer of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelrazik
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Hadidi
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt.
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Kowalewicz C, Timmermans M, Fretin D, Wattiau P, Boland C. An in-house 45-plex array for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiologyopen 2022; 12:e1341. [PMID: 36825880 PMCID: PMC9791161 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and determining their occurrence in Gram-positive bacteria provide useful data to understand how resistance can be acquired and maintained in these bacteria. We describe an in-house bead array targeting AMR genes of Gram-positive bacteria and allowing their rapid detection all at once at a reduced cost. A total of 41 AMR probes were designed to target genes frequently associated with resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, pleuromutilins, phenicols, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, diaminopyrimidines, oxazolidinones and particularly shared among Enterococcus and Staphylococcus spp. A collection of 124 enterococci and 62 staphylococci isolated from healthy livestock animals through the official Belgian AMR monitoring (2018-2020) was studied with this array from which a subsample was further investigated by whole-genome sequencing. The array detected AMR genes associated with phenotypic resistance for 93.0% and 89.2% of the individual resistant phenotypes in enterococci and staphylococci, respectively. Although linezolid is not used in veterinary medicine, linezolid-resistant isolates were detected. These were characterized by the presence of optrA and poxtA, providing cross-resistance to other antibiotics. Rarer, vancomycin resistance was conferred by the vanA or by the vanL cluster. Numerous resistance genes circulating among Enterococcus and Staphylococcus spp. were detected by this array allowing rapid screening of a large strain collection at an affordable cost. Our data stress the importance of interpreting AMR with caution and the complementarity of both phenotyping and genotyping methods. This array is now available to assess other One-Health AMR reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Fretin
- Veterinary Bacteriology, SciensanoIxellesBelgium
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A three-year evolution and comparison of the bla genes in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from young diarrheic and septicaemic calves in Belgium. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:647-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yaovi AB, Sessou P, Tonouhewa ABN, Hounmanou GYM, Thomson D, Pelle R, Farougou S, Mitra A. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria amongst dogs in Africa: A meta-analysis review. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e12. [PMID: 36331207 PMCID: PMC9639363 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat for both human and veterinary medicine. Increasing evidence suggests that animals are important sources of AMR to humans; however, most of these studies focus on production animals. In order to determine the pattern of AMR in pets, mainly in dogs in Africa, a meta-analysis was performed with AMR studies conducted in African countries and published between January 2000 and January 2021 in four databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Cab abstract and Google Scholar. Seven bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (SNC) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were included in this study. A total of 18 out of 234 indexed articles met the study criteria. The results revealed that multiple bacteria were resistant to various commonly used antibiotics including enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Concerning multidrug resistance, E. coli strains came first with the highest prevalence of 98%, followed by P. aeroginosa (92%) and Salmonella spp. (53%). In contrast, the overall prevalence of multidrug resistance was low for S. aureus (18%) and S. pseudintermedius (25%). It is therefore urgent to find, as soon as possible, alternatives to replace these antibiotics, which have become ineffective in controlling these bacteria in dogs in Africa. Moreover, further metagenomic studies are needed to describe the full resistome and mobilome in dogs regardless of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaovi B Yaovi
- Research Unit on Communicable Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou.
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Messele YE, Hasoon MF, Trott DJ, Veltman T, McMeniman JP, Kidd SP, Low WY, Petrovski KR. Longitudinal Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterococcus Species Isolated from Australian Beef Cattle Faeces at Feedlot Entry and Exit. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2690. [PMID: 36230431 PMCID: PMC9559632 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium are commensal bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and an important cause of drug-resistant nosocomial infections. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether changes in the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype and genotype occurred among Enterococcus spp. isolated from cattle rectal samples obtained at the entry to and exit from an Australian feedlot. The samples obtained at the feedlot induction yielded enterococci (104/150; 69.3%), speciated as E. hirae (90/104; 86.5%), E. faecium (9/104; 8.7%), E. mundtii (3/104; 2.9%), E. durans, and E. casseliflavus (1/104; 1.0% each). AMR was observed to lincomycin (63/104; 60.6%), daptomycin (26/104; 25.0%), nitrofurantoin (9/104; 8.7%), ciprofloxacin (7/104; 6.7%), tetracycline (5/104; 4.8%), tigecycline (4/104; 3.9%), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (3/104; 2.9%). From the rectal swab samples collected at the abattoir from the same animals (i.e., the feedlot exit), the enterococci recovery was significantly higher (144/150; 96.0%), with a marked shift in species distribution dominated by E. faecium (117/144; 81.3%). However, the prevalence of AMR to individual antimicrobials remained largely static between the entry and exit except for the increased resistance to nitrofurantoin (77/144; 53.5%) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (26/144; 18.1%). Overall, 13 AMR genes were observed among the 62 E. faecium isolates. These included aac(6')Ii, aac(6')-Iid, and ant(6)-Ia (aminoglycosides); eatAv, lnu(G), vat(E), msr(C), and erm(B) (macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins); efmA (fluoroquinolones); and tet(45), tet(L), tet(M), and tet(S) (tetracyclines). The results confirm the presence of fluoroquinolone- and streptogramin-resistant enterococci in cattle faeces at the feedlot entry in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressure. E. faecium, exhibiting increased nitrofurantoin resistance, became the dominant Enterococcus spp. during the feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E. Messele
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mauida F. Hasoon
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tania Veltman
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joe P. McMeniman
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Level 1, 40 Mount Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wai Y. Low
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kiro R. Petrovski
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Occurrence and Biological Cost of mcr-1-Carrying Plasmids Co-harbouring Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Zoonotic Pathogens from Intensive Animal Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101356. [PMID: 36290014 PMCID: PMC9598650 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is classified as a high-priority critical antimicrobial by the World Health Organization (WHO). A better understanding of the biological cost imposed by mcr-plasmids is paramount to comprehending their spread and may facilitate the decision about the ban of colistin in livestock. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mcr and ESBL genes from 98 Escherichia coli and 142 Salmonella enterica isolates from food-producing animals and the impact of the mcr-1 acquisition on bacterial fitness. Only mcr-1 was identified by multiplex PCR (mcr-1 to mcr-10) in 15.3% of E. coli. Colistin MICs ranged between 8−32 mg/L. In four isolates, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-1, and blaCTX-M-15 co-existed with mcr-1. The IncH12, IncHI1, IncP, IncN, and IncI plasmids were transferred by conjugation to E. coli J53 at frequencies of 10−7 to 10−2 cells/recipient. Growth kinetics assays showed that transconjugants had a significantly lower growth rate than the recipient (p < 0.05), and transconjugants’ average growth rate was higher in the absence than in the presence of colistin (1.66 versus 1.32 (p = 0.0003)). Serial transfer assay during 10 days demonstrated that plasmid retention ranged from complete loss to full retention. Overall, mcr-1-bearing plasmids impose a fitness cost, but the loss of plasmids is highly variable, suggesting that other factors beyond colistin pressure regulate the plasmid maintenance in a bacterial population, and colistin withdrawal will not completely lead to a decrease of mcr-1 levels.
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Young CCW, Karmacharya D, Bista M, Sharma AN, Goldstein T, Mazet JAK, Johnson CK. Antibiotic resistance genes of public health importance in livestock and humans in an informal urban community in Nepal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13808. [PMID: 35970981 PMCID: PMC9378709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to mitigate the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will benefit from a One Health perspective, as over half of animal antimicrobials are also considered medically important in humans, and AMR can be maintained in the environment. This is especially pertinent to low- and middle-income countries and in community settings, where an estimated 80% of all antibiotics are used. This study features AMR genes found among humans, animals, and water at an urban informal settlement in Nepal with intensifying livestock production. We sampled humans, chickens, ducks, swine, and water clustered by household, as well as rodents and shrews near dwellings, concurrently in time in July 2017 in southeastern Kathmandu along the Manohara river. Real-time qualitative PCR was performed to screen for 88 genes. Our results characterize the animal-human-environmental interfaces related to the occurrence of specific resistance genes (blaSHV-1 (SHV(238G240E) strain), QnrS, ermC, tetA, tetB, aacC2, aadA1) associated with antibiotics of global health importance that comprise several drug classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. By characterizing risk factors across AMR genes of public health importance, this research highlights potential transmission pathways for further investigation and provides prioritization of community-based prevention and intervention efforts for disrupting AMR transmission of critically important antibiotics used in both humans and animals in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin C W Young
- EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- Center for Molecular Dynamics, Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.
| | | | - Ajay N Sharma
- Center for Molecular Dynamics, Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine K Johnson
- EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Denissen J, Reyneke B, Waso-Reyneke M, Havenga B, Barnard T, Khan S, Khan W. Prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens in the environment: Antibiotic resistance status, community-acquired infection and risk to human health. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:114006. [PMID: 35841823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens are characterised by increased levels of resistance towards multiple classes of first line and last-resort antibiotics. Although these pathogens are frequently isolated from clinical environments and are implicated in a variety of life-threatening, hospital-associated infections; antibiotic resistant ESKAPE strains have been isolated from environmental reservoirs such as surface water, wastewater, food, and soil. Literature on the persistence and subsequent health risks posed by the ESKAPE isolates in extra-hospital settings is however, limited and the current review aims to elucidate the primary reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment, their antibiotic resistance profiles, and the link to community-acquired infections. Additionally, information on the current state of research regarding health-risk assessments linked to exposure of the ESKAPE pathogens in the natural environment, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Monique Waso-Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Tobias Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 7305, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Beltrame LC, Zamparette CP, Feltrin C, da Cunha CR, Coltro EP, Athayde GSDS, Filho VB, Tápparo DC, Monteiro J, Kich JD, Palmeiro JK, Wagner G, Fongaro G, Zárate-Bladés CR, Sincero TCM. Different Swine Production Systems Can Shape Slurry Resistome at Mechanism and Class Levels Based on Swine Manure Evaluation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879656. [PMID: 35860383 PMCID: PMC9289446 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial use in animal husbandry is a major concern since it can favor an increase in antimicrobial resistance among farms. Herein, we aim to better understand and characterize the main resistome profiles in microbial communities found in pig farms. Sampling of swine manure was performed in two different timepoints (October 2019 and January 2020) in each of the 14 different swine farms, located in the mesoregion of Western Santa Catarina state in Brazil, a pole of swine product production of worldwide importance. Samples were divided into three groups: farms with the opened regimen and no usage of antimicrobials (F1; n = 10), farms with the closed regimen and usage of antimicrobials (F2; n = 16), and farms with the closed regimen and no usage of antimicrobials (F3; n = 2). The metagenomic evaluation was performed to obtain and identify genetic elements related to antimicrobial resistance using nanopore sequencing. We used ResistoXplorer software to perform composition, alpha and beta diversity, and clustering analysis. In addition, PCR reactions were performed to confirm the presence or absence of seven different beta-lactamase family genes and five phosphoethanolamine transferase gene variants clinically relevant. Our findings based on the identification of resistance genes at the mechanism level showed a prevalence of alteration of the drug target (72.3%) profile, followed by drug inactivation (17.5%) and drug efflux (10.1%). We identified predominantly aminoglycosides (45.3%), tetracyclines (15.9%), and multiclass (11,2%) resistance genes. PCoA analysis indicates differences between F1 and F2 profiles. F2 samples showed increased diversity when compared to the F1 group. In addition, herein we first report the identification of mcr-4 in a slurry sample (C1F1.1) in Santa Catarina State. In general, our findings reinforce that many factors on the practices of animal husbandry are involved in the resistome profile at the mechanism and class levels. Further studies to better understand microbiome and mobilome aspects of these elements are necessary to elucidate transmission pathways between different bacteria and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cafferati Beltrame
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, iREG, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Caetana Paes Zamparette
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Feltrin
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Caroline Ribeiro da Cunha
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elisa Pires Coltro
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, iREG, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Saldanha da Silva Athayde
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Jamir Monteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, LVA, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rodrigo Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, iREG, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, MIMA, Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero,
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Abreu R, Rodríguez-Álvarez C, Castro-Hernandez B, Lecuona-Fernández M, González JC, Rodríguez-Novo Y, Arias Rodríguez MDLA. Prevalence and Characterisation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains Isolated in Pigs from the Island of Tenerife. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060269. [PMID: 35737321 PMCID: PMC9230743 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can circulate among human and animal populations through direct contact with animals, as well as via food and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characterisation of multiresistant bacteria in pig samples. Methods: 224 samples of pig livestock were taken at the slaughterhouse on the island of Tenerife. A nasal and a rectal sample were collected from each pig. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (MRCoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BLEE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was investigated. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by specific PCRs depending on the microorganism to be studied, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance was determined using the broth microdilution method (Vitek®2 system bioMérieux®, Nurtingen, Germany). Results: MRSA prevalence was 73.21% (164 isolates). MRCoNS prevalence was 9.8% (22 isolates), S. sciuri being the prevalent species. Six isolates presented a 2.7% prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BLEE) in the CTX-M-1 group. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Conclusion: we found a high presence of multiresistant bacteria, suggesting the need for increased control and surveillance of this type of strains in pig livestock and a better understanding of the possible transmission routes of these microorganisms through livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Abreu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Beatriz Castro-Hernandez
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Maria Lecuona-Fernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Juan Carlos González
- Canary Islands Health Service, Canary Islands, 38004 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Yurena Rodríguez-Novo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Section, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Maria de los Angeles Arias Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319-369
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A Meta-Analysis of Essential Oils Use for Beef Cattle Feed: Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, Meat Quality, Performance and, Environmental and Economic Impact. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) affected rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and meat quality of beef cattle through a meta-analysis. In addition, a simulation analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of EOs on the economic and environmental impact of beef production. Data were extracted from 34 peer-reviewed studies and analyzed using random-effects statistical models to assess the weighted mean difference (WMD) between control and EOs treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOs increased (p < 0.01) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.209 kg/d), final body weight (WMD = 12.843 kg), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.087 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.004 kg/kg), hot carcass weight (WMD = 5.45 kg), and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (WMD = 3.48 cm2). Lower (p < 0.05) ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (WMD = −1.18 mg/dL), acetate (WMD = −4.37 mol/100 mol) and total protozoa (WMD = −2.17 × 105/mL), and higher concentration of propionate (WMD = 0.878 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001) were observed in response to EOs supplementation. Serum urea concentration (WMD = −1.35 mg/dL, p = 0.026) and haptoglobin (WMD = −39.67 μg/mL, p = 0.031) were lower in cattle supplemented with EOs. In meat, EOs supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) cooking loss (WMD = −61.765 g/kg), shear force (WMD = −0.211 kgf/cm2), and malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.040 mg/kg), but did not affect pH, color (L* a* and b*), or chemical composition (p > 0.05). Simulation analysis showed that EOs increased economic income by 1.44% and reduced the environmental footprint by 0.83%. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of EOs improves productive performance and rumen fermentation, while increasing the economic profitability and reducing the environmental impact of beef cattle. In addition, supplementation with EOs improves beef tenderness and oxidative stability.
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Salamandane A, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Brito L. A high level of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella and Aeromonas isolates from street water sold in Mozambique, associated with the prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC ß-lactamases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:561-567. [PMID: 35603723 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2078627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the resistance profile and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in 30 isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp. recovered from water sold in the streets of Maputo. Susceptibility profiles to 15 antibiotics were performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines with antibiotic disks on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Multiplex PCRs were performed targeting 10 ß-lactamase genes, five ESBL (blaTEM-variants, blaOXA-variants, BlaSHV-variants, MCTX-M Group 1 and Group 9 variants) and five AmpC (ACC variants, FOX variants, MOX variants, CIT variants and DHA variants). The results showed a high prevalence of Klebsiella resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5%), amoxicillin (56.3%), ampicillin (50%), cefoxitin (43.8%), and cefotaxime (43.8%). Aeromonas showed resistance to cefoxitin and ampicillin (71.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (57.1%) and imipenem (42.9%). ESBL blaOXA-variants, blaSVH-variants, MCTX-M Group 1 variants, and MCTX-M Group 9 variants were the most prevalent b-lactam genes, followed by the b-lactams AmpC, ACC variants and FOX variants. It is extremely important to improve waterborne disease control strategies, especially in terms of public awareness of the potential health implications of multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella and Aeromonas, which are often neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Salamandane
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Brito
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, Mozambique
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07310. [PMID: 35515338 PMCID: PMC9063721 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR P. aeruginosa can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 1–5%, 5–33% and 5–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–90% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR P. aeruginosa according to Article 8 criteria are mainly dogs and cats.
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