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Shanmuganathan R, Devanesan S, Oza G, Sharma A. Assessment of antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties of acetone extract of Aerva lanata (L.) by in-vitro approach and bioactive compounds characterization. Environ Res 2024; 248:118348. [PMID: 38295976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities efficiency of Aerva lanata plant extracts (aqueous (Aqu-E), acetone (Ace-E), and ethanol (Eth-E)) were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the active molecules exist in the crude extract were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The preliminary phytochemical study revealed that the Ace-E restrain more phytochemicals like alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinone, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, amino acid, steroids, protein, coumarin, as well as quinine than Aqu-E and Eth-E. Accordingly to this Ace-E showed considerable antimicrobial activity as the follows: for bacteria S. aureus > E. coli > K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa > B. subtilis and for fungi T. viride > A.flavus > C. albicans > A.niger at 30 mg ml concentration. Similarly, Ace-E showed considerable antidiabetic (α-amylase: 71.7 % and α-glucosidase: 70.1 %) and moderate anti-inflammatory (59 % and 49.8 %) activities. The spectral and chromatogram studies confirmed that the Ace-E have pharmaceutically valuable bioactive molecules such as (Nbutyl)-octadecane, propynoic acid, neophytadiene, and 5,14-di (N-butyl)-octadecane. These findings suggest that Ace-E from A. lanata can be used to purify additional bioactive substances and conduct individual compound-based biomedical application research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
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Dagli Gul AS, Boyuk Ozcan G, Arihan O. Silibinin as a promising treatment for diabetes: Insights into behavioral and metabolic changes in an animal model. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3336-3345. [PMID: 38726421 PMCID: PMC11077243 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is causing serious health problems in the chronic period. Silibinin is a flavonoid obtained from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), which is among the herbal ethnopharmacological administrations. In studies with silibinin, it has been reported that it increases the activity of pancreatic beta cells and insulin sensitivity and has a hyperglycemia-reducing effect. However, behavioral parameters have not been evaluated together with insulin levels and liver function tests. Our aim in this study was to examine the effects of silibinin on insulin secretion, anxiety-like behaviors, and learning in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetes model. Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 4 groups. Control: Saline solution, Diabetes: STZ 45 mg/kg, S 100: STZ 45 mg/kg + Silibinin 100 mg/kg, S 200: STZ 45 mg/kg + Silibinin 200 mg/kg. Administrations were continued for 21 days. On the 21st day, open field and elevated plus maze as unconditional anxiety tests; Barnes maze for learning and memory; and rotarod test for locomotor activity were conducted. Following behavioral tests, blood samples were taken under anesthesia. Blood glucose levels and ALT values were measured. Insulin levels were measured with an ELISA plate reader. Silibinin shortened the time to find the correct hole. Silibinin prevented the decrease in insulin due to STZ, exhibited a hyperglycemia-reducing effect and decreased the elevation of ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli San Dagli Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Gulbahar Boyuk Ozcan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineAnkara Medipol UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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3
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Li T, Lv Q, Liu C, Li C, Xie X, Zhang W. The Lipophilic Extract from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves Promotes Glucose Uptake and Alleviates Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Myotubes. Molecules 2024; 29:1605. [PMID: 38611884 PMCID: PMC11013672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) is a widely used medicinal plant around the world. Its leaves, which have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, are rich in various bioactive components. However, most of the research and applications of ginkgo leaves have focused on terpene trilactones and flavonol glycosides, thereby overlooking the other active components. In this study, a lipophilic extract (GL) was isolated from ginkgo leaves. This extract is abundant in lipids and lipid-like molecules. Then, its effect and potential mechanism on glucose uptake and insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes were investigated. The results showed that GL significantly enhanced the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, which subsequently promoted glucose uptake. Meanwhile, it increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream targets. Both knockdown of AMPK with siRNA and inhibition with AMPK inhibitor compound C reversed these effects. Additionally, GL ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, increasing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and restoring the translocation of GLUT4 from the cytoplasm to the membrane. However, pretreatment with compound C abolished these beneficial effects of GL. In conclusion, GL enhances basal glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and improves insulin sensitivity in palmitate-induced insulin resistant myotubes through the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Quanhe Lv
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- China National Institute of Standardization, 4 Zhichun Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Tanty DK, Sahu PR, Mohapatra R, Sahu SK. Antidiabetic potency and molecular insights of natural products bearing indole moiety: A systematic bioinformatics investigation targeting AKT1. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108059. [PMID: 38608439 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder, and type 2 DM (T2DM) is the most prevalent among all categories (nearly 90%) across the globe every year. With the availability of potential drugs, the prevalence rate has remained uncontrollable, while natural resources showed a promising potency, and exploring such potential candidates at the preclinical stage is essential. An extensive literature search selected 89 marine and plant-derived indole derivatives with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, etc., activities. However, as we know, drugs have not been able to convert from 'lead' to 'mainstream' due to inadequate drug-ability profiles, as our systematic investigation proved and selected herdmanine_A (HERD_A) and penerpene_D (PENE_D) as the most potential antidiabetic candidates from the library of indole derivatives. Based on our previous network pharmacology study, we selected three new target enzymes: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB; PDB ID: 3JRX), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4; PDB ID: 3G33), and alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (AKT1; PDB ID: 3O96) to assess the antidiabetic potency of selected indole derivatives through binding energy or docking score. To conduct molecular docking studies with these enzymes, we used the PyRx-AutoDock platform. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation at 100 ns, physicochemical analysis, pharmacokinetics, toxicity assessment, and drug-likeness evaluation suggested that HERD_A and penerpene PENE_D were the most potent inhibitors against AKT1 compared to koenimbine (most potential based on the recorded IC50 value) and murrayakonine_A (most potential based on the docking score). In summary, HERD_A and/or PENE_D have the potential to be used as alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes after some pharmacological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay K Tanty
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Prachi R Sahu
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Ranjit Mohapatra
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Susanta K Sahu
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India.
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5
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Alamzeb M, Shah SWA, Hussain H, Zahoor M, Ahmad S, Mughal EU, Ahmad S, Ullah I, Khan S, Ullah A, Ghias M, Ullah R, Ali EA. Beneficial Effects of Natural Alkaloids from Berberis glaucocarpa as Antidiabetic Agents: An In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Approach. ACS Omega 2024; 9:9813-9822. [PMID: 38434828 PMCID: PMC10905588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal rise in blood sugar (glucose) levels brought on by a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion along with corresponding changes in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It has been reported that medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The current study involved exploring the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity of berberine (WA1), palmatine (WA2), and 8-trichloromethyl dihydroberberine (WA3) previously isolated from Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight and blood glucose level were assessed on a day interval for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. In an acute toxicity profile, the WA1, WA2, and WA3 were determined to be nontoxic up to 500 mg/kg (b.w). After the second and third weeks of treatment (14 and 21 days), the blood glucose levels in the WA1-, WA2-, and WA3-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (476.81 ± 8.65 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). On the 21st day, there was a decrease in the blood glucose level and the results obtained were 176.33 ± 4.69, 197.21 ± 4.80, and 161.99 ± 4.75 mg/dL (n = 8, P < 0.001) for WA1, WA2, and WA3 at 12 mg/kg, respectively, as opposed to the diabetic control group (482.87 ± 7.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). Upon comparison with the diabetic group at the end of the study (28 days), a substantial drop in the glucose level of WA3 at 12 mg/kg (110.56 ± 4.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001) was observed that was almost near the values of the normal control group. The treated groups (WA1, WA2, and WA3) treated with the samples displayed a significant decline in the levels of HbA1c. Treatment of the samples dramatically lowered the lipid level profile. In groups treated with samples, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lowered [F (5, 42) = 100.6, n = 8, P < 0.001]; these levels were also significantly decreased [F (5, 42) = 129.6 and 91.17, n = 8, P < 0.001]. In contrast to the diabetes group, all treated groups had significantly higher HDL levels [F (5, 42) = 15.46, n = 8, P < 0.001]. As a result, hypolipidemic activity was anticipated in the samples. In addition to that, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was considerably elevated in the groups treated with the sample compared to the diabetic control group (n = 8, P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kotli Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haya Hussain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | | | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department
of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, School of Pharmacy and Medical
Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Gone GB, Go G, Nam G, Jeong W, Kim H, Lee S, Chung SJ. Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Quercetagitrin through Dual Inhibition of PTPN6 and PTPN9. Nutrients 2024; 16:647. [PMID: 38474775 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are pivotal contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Hence, directing interventions towards PTPs emerges as a valuable therapeutic approach for managing type 2 diabetes. In particular, PTPN6 and PTPN9 are targets for anti-diabetic effects. Through high-throughput drug screening, quercetagitrin (QG) was recognized as a dual-target inhibitor of PTPN6 and PTPN9. We observed that QG suppressed the catalytic activity of PTPN6 (IC50 = 1 μM) and PTPN9 (IC50 = 1.7 μM) in vitro and enhanced glucose uptake by mature C2C12 myoblasts. Additionally, QG increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of Akt in mature C2C12 myoblasts. It further promoted the phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of palmitic acid, suggesting the attenuation of insulin resistance. In summary, our results indicate QG's role as a potent inhibitor targeting both PTPN6 and PTPN9, showcasing its potential as a promising treatment avenue for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali B Gone
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Go
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Jeong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lin QR, Jia LQ, Lei M, Gao D, Zhang N, Sha L, Liu XH, Liu YD. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: An update since 2010. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107054. [PMID: 38181858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized as a well-known chronic metabolic syndrome, with its associated complications pose a substantial and escalating health and healthcare challenge on a global scale. Current strategies addressing diabetes are mainly symptomatic and there are fewer available curative pharmaceuticals for diabetic complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological targets and agents. The impaired mitochondria have been associated with the etiology of diabetes and its complications, and the intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive breakthrough point for the treatments of diabetes and its complications. Natural products (NPs), with multicenter characteristics, multi-pharmacological activities and lower toxicity, have been caught attentions as the modulators of mitochondrial functions in the therapeutical filed of diabetes and its complications. This review mainly summarizes the recent progresses on the potential of 39 NPs and 2 plant-extracted mixtures to improve mitochondrial dysfunction against diabetes and its complications. It is expected that this work may be useful to accelerate the development of innovative drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming therapeutics in diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Lin
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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8
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Yang X, Ding W, Chen Z, Lai K, Liu Y. The role of autophagy in insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism and potential use of autophagy modulating natural products in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3762. [PMID: 38287719 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe, long-term condition characterised by disruptions in glucolipid and energy metabolism. Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, serves as a guardian of cellular health by recycling and renewing cellular components. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital role that autophagy plays in T2DM, we conducted an extensive search for high-quality publications across databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder and used keywords like 'autophagy', 'insulin resistance', and 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', both individually and in combinations. A large body of evidence underscores the significance of activating autophagy in alleviating T2DM symptoms. An enhanced autophagic activity, either by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 signalling pathways or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway, can effectively improve insulin resistance and balance glucolipid metabolism in key tissues like the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, autophagy can increase β-cell mass and functionality in the pancreas. This review provides a narrative summary of autophagy regulation with an emphasis on the intricate connection between autophagy and T2DM symptoms. It also discusses the therapeutic potentials of natural products with autophagy activation properties for the treatment of T2DM conditions. Our findings suggest that autophagy activation represents an innovative approach of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Deng J, Zhu C, Ma X, Jiang M, Fan D. Ginsenoside F4 Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Regulating PTP1B in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:14263-14275. [PMID: 37726223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing morbidity. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of the insulin signaling cascade and has attracted intensive investigation in the T2DM study. Ginseng is widely used to treat metabolic diseases, while the effects of ginsenoside F4 (F4) on T2DM have remained unknown. Here, we identify F4 as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that F4 significantly improved the hyperglycemic state of db/db mice, alleviated dyslipidemia, and promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake. This phenomenon was closely related to the inhibition of the PTP1B activity. On the one hand, the inhibition of PTP1B activity by F4 resulted in increased insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, F4 as a PTP1B inhibitor inhibited the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1)/recombinant TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway and alleviated skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby reducing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation. Both finally activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promoted glucose transporter protein 4 translocation to the cell membrane for glucose uptake. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that F4 activates the insulin signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B while inhibiting the IRE-1/TRAF2/JNK signaling pathway, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and alleviating ER stress in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Our results indicate that F4 can be used as a PTP1B inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xiying Road 76, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Upadhyay M, Hosur RV, Jha A, Bharti K, Mali PS, Jha AK, Mishra B, Kumar A. Myricetin encapsulated chitosan nanoformulation for management of type 2 diabetes: Preparation, optimization, characterization and in vivo activity. Biomater Adv 2023; 153:213542. [PMID: 37418933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious and alarming disease attracting widespread attention. It is not a single metabolic disease; over time, it leads to serious disorders, namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and several cardiovascular, hepatocellular complications. The increase in T2DM cases in recent times has attracted significant attention. Currently, the medications available have side effects, and injectables are painful, causing trauma to the patients. Therefore, it is imperative to come up with oral delivery. In this background we report here a nanoformulation carrying natural small molecule Myricetin (MYR) encapsulated within Chitosan nanoparticles (CHT-NPs). MYR-CHT-NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method and evaluated using different characterization techniques. The in vitro release of MYR from CHT NPs in different physiological media showed pH dependence. in vivo pharmacodynamic study followed by oral administration in Albino Wistar rats showed better glycaemic control than existing drug. Further, the optimized nanoparticles also exhibited controlled increase in weight as compared to Metformin. The biochemistry profile of rats treated with nanoformulation reduced the levels of several pathological biomarkers, indicating additional benefits of MYR. Histopathological images exhibited no toxicity or changes in the major organs section in contrast to normal control, suggesting safe oral administration of the encapsulated MYR. Thus, we conclude that MYR-CHT-NPs represent an attractive delivery vehicle in improving the blood glucose level with controlled weight and have the potential to be safely administered orally for the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Upadhyay
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Ramakrishna V Hosur
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kanchan Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pramod S Mali
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Akash Kumar Jha
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Lamichhane A, Lamichhane G, Devkota HP. Yellow Himalayan Raspberry ( Rubus ellipticus Sm.): Ethnomedicinal, Nutraceutical, and Pharmacological Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:6071. [PMID: 37630323 PMCID: PMC10458938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Himalayan raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm., Rosaceae) is a native species of the Indian subcontinent, Southern China, and the Philippines, which has been historically used as a traditional medicine and food. All of the parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorder, and as an anti-infective agent. The scientific evaluation revealed a richness of macronutrients, micronutrients, and minerals in the fruits, indicating its potential use as a nutraceutical. Furthermore, this plant has been found to be rich in various secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and terpenoids. Ascorbic acid, kaempferol, gallic acid, and catechin are some of the compounds found in this plant, which have been widely discussed for their health benefits. Furthermore, various extracts and compounds obtained from R. ellipticus have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, and anti-infective activities investigated through different study models. These findings in the literature have validated some of the widespread uses of the fruits in folk medicinal systems and the consumption of this nutritious wild fruit by local communities. In conclusion, R. ellipticus holds strong potential for its development as a nutraceutical. It can also improve the nutritional status of villagers and uplift the economy if properly utilized and marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Lamichhane
- Collage of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Bioreactor configurations for adventitious root culture: recent advances toward the commercial production of specialized metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37500186 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2233690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant cell and organ cultures are appealing alternatives to traditional methods of producing valuable specialized metabolites for use as: pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, and agricultural chemicals. Cell cultures have been adopted for the production of specialized metabolites in certain plants. However, in certain other systems, adventitious roots are superior to cell suspension cultures as they are organized structures that accumulate high levels of specialized metabolites. The cultivation of adventitious roots has been investigated in various bioreactor systems, including: mechanically agitated, pneumatically agitated, and modified bioreactors. The main relevance and importance of this work are to develop a long-lasting industrial biotechnological technology as well as to improve the synthesis of these metabolites from the plant in vitro systems. These challenges are exacerbated by: the peculiarities of plant cell metabolism, the complexity of specialized metabolite pathways, the proper selection of bioreactor systems, and bioprocess optimization. This review's major objective is to analyze several bioreactor types for the development of adventitious roots, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type of bioreactor, and to describe the strategies used to increase the synthesis of specialized metabolites. This review also emphasizes current advancements in the field, and successful instances of scaled-up cultures and the generation of specialized metabolites for commercial purposes are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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13
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Macalalad MAB, Gonzales AA. In Silico Screening and Identification of Antidiabetic Inhibitors Sourced from Phytochemicals of Philippine Plants against Four Protein Targets of Diabetes (PTP1B, DPP-4, SGLT-2, and FBPase). Molecules 2023; 28:5301. [PMID: 37513175 PMCID: PMC10384415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current oral medications for type 2 diabetes target a single main physiological mechanism. They either activate or inhibit receptors to enhance insulin sensitivity, increase insulin secretion, inhibit glucose absorption, or inhibit glucose production. In advanced stages, combination therapy may be required because of the limited efficacy of single-target drugs; however, medications are becoming more costly, and there is also the risk of developing the combined side effects of each drug. Thus, identifying a multi-target drug may be the best strategy to improve treatment efficacy. This study sees the potential of 2657 Filipino phytochemicals as a source of natural inhibitors against four targets of diabetes: PTP1B, DPP-4, SGLT-2, and FBPase. Different computer-aided drug discovery techniques, including ADMET profiling, DFT optimization, molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/PBSA energy calculations, were employed to elucidate the stability and determine the binding affinity of the candidate ligands. Through in silico methods, we have identified seven potential natural inhibitors against PTP1B, DPP-4, and FBPase, and ten against SGLT-2. Eight plants containing at least one natural inhibitor of each protein target were also identified. It is recommended to further investigate the plants' potential to be transformed into a safe and scientifically validated multi-target drug for diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Andrian B Macalalad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Arthur A Gonzales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Metro Manila, Philippines
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14
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Eid AM, Jaradat N, Shraim N, Hawash M, Issa L, Shakhsher M, Nawahda N, Hanbali A, Barahmeh N, Taha B, Mousa A. Assessment of anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum Basilicum seeds essential oil from Palestine. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 37403162 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many modern pharmaceutical researchers continue to focus on the discovery and evaluation of natural compounds for possible therapies for obesity, diabetes, infections, cancer, and oxidative stress. Extraction of Ocimum basilicum seed essential oil and evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities were the goals of the current study. METHOD O. basilicum seed essential oil was extracted and evaluated for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties utilizing standard biomedical assays. RESULTS O. basilicum seed essential oil showed good anticancer activity against Hep3B (IC50 56.23 ± 1.32 µg/ml) and MCF-7 (80.35 ± 1.17 µg/ml) when compared with the positive control, Doxorubicin. In addition, the essential oil showed potent antibacterial (against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (against Candida albicans) activities. Moreover, as for the anti-amylase test, IC50 was 74.13 ± 1.1 µg/ml, a potent effect compared with the IC50 of acarbose, which was 28.10 ± 0.7 µg/ml. On the other hand, for the anti-lipase test, the IC50 was 112.20 ± 0.7 µg/ml a moderate effect compared with the IC50 of orlistat, which was 12.30 ± 0.8 µg/ml. Finally, the oil had a potent antioxidant effect with an IC50 of 23.44 ± 0.9 µg/ml compared with trolox (IC50 was 2.7 ± 0.5 µg/ml). CONCLUSION This study has provided initial data that supports the importance of O. basilcum essential oil in traditional medicine. The extracted oil not only exhibited significant anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties but also antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects, which provided a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Eid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Naser Shraim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Shakhsher
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nour Nawahda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ali Hanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Noor Barahmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Basil Taha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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15
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Hong Phuc NT, Yen Lan NT, Ay NV. Potential use of Balanophora latisepala (V. Tiegh.) Lec. extract for the treatment of diabetes. Indian J Pharmacol 2023; 55:237-242. [PMID: 37737076 PMCID: PMC10657624 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_253_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Balanophora latisepala (BL) is a chlorophyll-free and obligate parasitic plant found across mountainous areas of An Giang, Vietnam. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts from BL, herbs mentioned in many traditional medicines in the treatment of diabetes, on laboratory mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of BL aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts on the blood glucose levels, hematological indices, liver enzymes, and pancreatic tissue structure of normal, glucose-tolerant mice, and diabetic mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) were assessed. Mice were orally administered extracts at a concentration of 500 mg/kg. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The aqueous and ethanol extracts did not affect the blood glucose levels of healthy and glucose-tolerant mice (P > 0.05). The methanol extract reduced the blood glucose of healthy mice (P < 0.05) but did not affect the blood glucose of glucose-tolerant mice 3 h after administration (P > 0.05). When taking the methanol and ethanol extracts, the diabetic mice experienced a 45.67% and a 40.33% decrease in blood glucose levels after 21 days of research, respectively. Aqueous extract and gliclazide (10 mg/kg) showed no effect on reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice over the 21 days of the study. Both methanol and ethanol extracts were effective in regulating liver enzyme levels in diabetic mice. In both untreated and treated diabetic mice, pancreatic islet structures were degraded with the appearance of gaps resulting from β-cell degeneration. CONCLUSION This implies that ethanol extracts have potential applications in regulating blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nguyen Van Ay
- College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
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16
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Mohamed GA, Omar AM, El-Araby ME, Mass S, Ibrahim SRM. Assessments of Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Potential of Tagetes Flavonoids through In Vitro, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10195. [PMID: 37373340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic fast-growing metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose levels. Tagetes minuta L. has been used as a traditional remedy for various illnesses for many years, and, furthermore, its oil is used in the perfume and flavor industries. T. minuta contains various metabolites, such as flavonoids, thiophenes, terpenes, sterols, and phenolics, with varied bioactivities. Flavonoids can inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, such as alpha-amylase, which is a convenient dietary strategy for controlling hyperglycemia. In the current investigation, the isolated flavonoids quercetagetin-6-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), quercetagetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetagetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, minutaside A, patuletin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetagetin-7-methoxy-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, tagenols A and B, quercetagetin-3,7-dimethoxy-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, patuletin, quercetin-3,6-dimethyl ether, and quercetin-3-methyl ether from T. minuta were assessed for their alpha-amylase inhibition (AAI) efficacy using an in vitro assay, as well as molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and ADMET analyses. Our findings show that quercetagetin-6-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) (1), quercetagetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetagetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), minutaside A (4), patuletin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), and quercetagetin-7-methoxy-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) had a notable AAI capacity (IC50s ranged from 7.8 to 10.1 μM) compared to acarbose (IC50 7.1 μM). Furthermore, these compounds with the highest binding affinity among the tested flavonoids revealed high docking scores for AA (ranging from -12.171 to 13.882 kcal/mol) compared to that of acarbose (-14.668 kcal/mol). In MDS, these compounds were observed to show maximum stability and the greatest binding free energy, suggesting that they may contend with native ligands. In addition, the ADMET analysis showed that these active compounds had a broad span of drug-like, pharmacokinetic, and physicochemical features and did not possess any considerable undesired effects. The current results suggest the potential of these metabolites as AAI candidates. However, further in vivo and mechanistic studies are warranted to specify the efficacy of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza Mass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Usman I, Saif H, Imran A, Afzaal M, Saeed F, Azam I, Afzal A, Ateeq H, Islam F, Shah YA, Shah MA. Innovative applications and therapeutic potential of oilseeds and their by-products: An eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2599-2609. [PMID: 37324916 PMCID: PMC10261773 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of inadequate management of agro-waste is an emerging challenge. However, the economic relevance of agro-waste valorization is one of the key strategies to ensure sustainable development. Among the agro-waste, oilseed waste and its by-products are usually seen as mass waste after the extraction of oils. Oilseed by-products especially oilseed cakes are a potential source of protein, fiber, minerals, and antioxidants. Oilseed cakes contain high value-added bioactive compounds which have great significance among researchers to develop novel foods having therapeutic applications. Moreover, these oilseed cakes might be employed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thus, as a result of having desirable characteristics, oilseed by-products can be more valuable in wide application in the food business along with the preparation of supplements. The current review highlights that plentiful wastes or by-products from oilseeds are wasted if these underutilized materials are not properly valorized or effectively utilized. Hence, promising utilization of oilseeds and their wastes not only assists to overcome environmental concerns and protein insecurity but also helps to achieve the goals of zero waste and sustainability. Furthermore, the article also covers the production and industrial applications of oilseeds and by-products along with the potential role of oilseed cakes and phytochemicals in the treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Usman
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Saif
- Department of Food Sciences TechnologyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Iqra Azam
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College Women University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Atka Afzal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, College of Business and EconomicsKebri Dehar UniversityJigjigaEthiopia
- Adjunct Faculty, University Centre for Research & DevelopmentChandigarh University, GharuanMohaliIndia
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Iskender H, Dokumacioglu E, Terim Kapakin KA, Bolat I, Mokhtare B, Hayirli A, Yenice G. Effect of Oleanolic acid administration on hepatic AMPK, SIRT-1, IL-6 and NF-κB levels in experimental diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:581-590. [PMID: 37255809 PMCID: PMC10225422 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem all over the world, considering its complications and increasing prevalence. Oleanolic acid (OA) has anti-diabetic property via modulating glucose metabolism and acting as 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) / Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) activator and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) / Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor. This research questioned if the OA treatment amliorates the hepatic inflammatory profile in the diabetic rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were first subjected to either no diabetes induction (healthy) or diabetes induction by i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Then rats in both groups were treated with either tap water or OA (5 mg/kg) within 1 ml tap water by oral gavage for 21 days. Results The diabetic rats had higher hepatic MDA (2.88x) and serum AST (2.01x), ALP (2.22x), and ALT (4.27x) levels and 50% lower hepatic SOD level than the healthy rats. The OA treatment significantly reversed these antioxidant parameters in the diabetic rats. The diabetic rats had lower AMPK (85%) and hepatic SIRT-1 (47%) levels and higher hepatic NF-κB (53%) and IL-6 (34%) levels than the healthy rats. Comparing with the health rats, the OA treatment increased hepatic SIRT-1 level, but tended to increase hepatic AMPK level and decrease hepatic NF-κB and IL-6 levels in the diabetic rats. It was also partially effective to ameliorate degenerative changes and necrosis in the diabetic rats. Conclusion The OA treatment can be considered to alleviate oxidative stress and reduce severity of inflammation in hepatocytes in the diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Iskender
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Eda Dokumacioglu
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
| | | | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Behzat Mokhtare
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Armagan Hayirli
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Guler Yenice
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Akerele GP, Adedayo BC, Oboh G, Ogunsuyi OB. Effect of Bitter-leaf ( Vernonia amygdalina) Flavored Non-alcoholic Wheat Beer (NAWB) on, Insulin and GLUT-2 expression in Pancreas of High fat diet/Streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:873-880. [PMID: 37255795 PMCID: PMC10225370 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), dietary intervention has been proposed to be highly effective. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of bitter leaf-flavored non-alcoholic wheat beer (NAWB) on insulin secretion and GLUT-2 expression in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods In this study, the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of STZ (35 mg/kg) after being fed a high-fat diet for 14 days to induce T2D. The rats were treated with bitter leaf flavored NAWB samples (100%HP- Hops only, 100%BL-Bitter leaf only, 75,25BL- 75% Hops, 25% Bitter Leaf, 50:50BL- 50% Hops:50% Bitter Leaf, and 25:75BL-25%Hops:75% Bitter Leaf) and Acarbose for 14 days. The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were also determined. Results The results from this study showed a correlation between GLUT-2 and Insulin expression. There was an upregulation of Insulin as GLUT-2 expression was upregulated. Furthermore, the treated groups showed better antioxidant activity when compared with the diabetic control. Conclusion Bitter leaf-flavored NAWB might thus be a good dietary intervention for type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga P. Akerele
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, , 340,001 Nigeria
| | - Bukola C. Adedayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, , 340,001 Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, , 340,001 Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, , 340,001 Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.P. 704, Akure, 340,001 Nigeria
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Abraão A, Martins-Gomes C, Domínguez-Perles R, Barros A, Silva AM. Molecular Characterization of Prunus lusitanica L. Fruit Extracts and Their Health-Promoting Potential in Inflammation, Diabetes, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108830. [PMID: 37240175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus lusitanica L. is a shrub belonging to the genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae family) that produces small fruits with none known application. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile and some health-promoting activities of hydroethanolic (HE) extracts obtained from P. lusitanica fruits, harvested from three different locations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of extracts was performed using HPLC/DAD-ESI-MS and antioxidant activity was assessed by in vitro methods. Antiproliferative/cytotoxic activity was determined on Caco-2, HepG2, and RAW 264.7 cells, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the antidiabetic, antiaging, and neurobiological action of extracts was determined in vitro by assessing their inhibitory effect against the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, elastase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results showed that P. lusitanica fruit HE extracts from the three different locations showed identical phytochemical profile and bioactivities, although small differences were observed regarding the quantities of some compounds. Extracts of P. lusitanica fruits contain high levels in total phenolic compounds, namely, hydroxycinnamic acids, as well as flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins, primarily cyanidin-3-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucoside. P. lusitanica fruit extracts have a low cytotoxic/antiproliferative effect, with the lowest IC50 value obtained in HepG2 cells (352.6 ± 10.0 μg/mL, at 48 h exposure), but high anti-inflammatory activity (50-60% NO release inhibition, at 100 μg/mL extract) and neuroprotective potential (35-39% AChE inhibition, at 1 mg/mL), and moderate antiaging (9-15% tyrosinase inhibition, at 1 mg/mL) and antidiabetic (9-15% α-glucosidase inhibition, at 1 mg/mL) effects. The bioactive molecules present in the fruits of P. lusitanica deserve to be further explored for the development of new drugs of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abraão
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science and Technology (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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21
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Zhao H, Shi C, Liu Z, Zhao L, Shen L. Evaluating the Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose Variations on Tablet Quality of Natural Plant Product Using a Design of Experiment Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 37127722 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) of different grades from different manufacturers differ in particulate and powder properties significantly. The choice of MCC is important to the development of a tablet formulation with satisfactory quality. In this study, the effects of five different MCCs (KG 802, Pharmacel 102, MC 302, M 200, and PH 112) that had different compactibility and tablet disintegration on the tablet quality of two different natural plant products (NPPs) were evaluated systematically, including Crataegi Folium ethanol extract (CF-E) and Sarcandrae Herba water extract (SH-W). The result of D-optimal mixture designs demonstrated that KG 802 showed the best ability to improve compression properties and tensile strength, followed by Pharmacel 102, MC 302, and M 200. PH 112 did the weakest. However, MCCs of different grades had no different influence on the disintegration of NPP tablets. Similar results were found in the experiments of the two different NPP powders, suggesting the generalization of the finding. Moreover, KG 802-containing CF-E formulations showed the largest optimum region size, that is, the lowest production risk. The design space sizes of SH-W were hardly sensitive to the change of MCCs, due to the better tabletability. In conclusion, the properties of MCCs could transfer to the high NPP loading (70%) formulations, leading to the variations on the compression properties and tablet quality. The poorer the tabletability of NPP, the more obvious the variation. The result is promising for the use of MCC and the manufacturing of high drug-loading NPP tablets by direct compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Rasouli H, Ramalho TC, Popović-Djordjević JB, Devkota HP. Editorial: New opportunities in drug design for the management and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187057. [PMID: 37089955 PMCID: PMC10116046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Larvas, Larvas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Hassan Rasouli, ; Teodorico C. Ramalho, ; Jelena B. Popović-Djordjević, ; Hari Prasad Devkota,
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Larvas, Larvas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Hassan Rasouli, ; Teodorico C. Ramalho, ; Jelena B. Popović-Djordjević, ; Hari Prasad Devkota,
| | - Jelena B. Popović-Djordjević
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Hassan Rasouli, ; Teodorico C. Ramalho, ; Jelena B. Popović-Djordjević, ; Hari Prasad Devkota,
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hassan Rasouli, ; Teodorico C. Ramalho, ; Jelena B. Popović-Djordjević, ; Hari Prasad Devkota,
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Jayabal D, Jayanthi S, Thirumalaisamy R, Karthika R, Iqbal MN. Comparative anti-Diabetic potential of phytocompounds from Dr. Duke's phytochemical and ethnobotanical database and standard antidiabetic drugs against diabetes hyperglycemic target proteins: an in silico validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15137-15149. [PMID: 37011006 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current investigation, the antidiabetic potential of 40 phytocompounds from Dr. Dukes phytochemical and ethanobotanical database and three antidiabetic pharmaceuticals from the market comparatively validated against hyperglycemic target proteins. Silymarin, proanthocyanidins, merremoside, rutin, mangiferin-7-O-beta-glucoside, and gymnemic acid exhibited good binding affinity toward protein targets of diabetes among the 40 phytocompounds from Dr.Dukes database over three chosen antidiabetic pharmaceutical compounds. Further these phytocompounds and sitagliptin are validated for its ADMET and bioactivity score to screen its pharmacological and pharmacokinetics properties. Silymarin, proanthocyanidins, rutin along with sitagliptin screened for DFT analysis found that phytocompounds have great Homo-Lumo orbital energies over commercial pharmaceutical sitagliptin. Finally, four complexes of alpha amylase-silymarin, alpha amylase-sitagliptin, aldose reductase-proanthocyanidins, and aldose reductase-sitagliptin screened for MD simulation and MMGBSA analysis, results shown that the phytocompounds silymarin and proanthocyanidins have strong affinities for binding to the binding pockets of alpha amylase and aldose reductase respectively over antidiabetic pharmaceuticals. Our current study proven proanthocyanidins and silymarin act as novel antidiabetic compounds toward diabetic target protein but it require clinical trial to evaluate its clinical pertinence toward diabetic target proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jayabal
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ganesh College of Arts and Science, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Sakthikailash Women's College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Thirumalaisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sona College of Arts & Science, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Karthika
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Shinu P, Gupta GL, Sharma M, Khan S, Goyal M, Nair AB, Kumar M, Soliman WE, Rahman A, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Altaweel AAA. Pharmacological Features of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Potential. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1086. [PMID: 36903944 PMCID: PMC10005454 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (belonging to the family Leguminosae), commonly known as Licorice, is a popular medicinal plant that has been used in traditional medicine worldwide for its ethnopharmacological efficacy in treating several ailments. Natural herbal substances with strong biological activity have recently received much attention. The main metabolite of glycyrrhizic acid is 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), a pentacyclic triterpene. A major active plant component derived from licorice root, 18βGA has sparked a lot of attention due to its pharmacological properties. The current review thoroughly examines the literature on 18βGA, a major active plant component obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The current work provides insight into the pharmacological activities of 18βGA and the potential mechanisms of action involved. The plant contains a variety of phytoconstituents such as 18βGA, which has a variety of biological effects including antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antiviral, antibacterial, antipsoriasis, antiosteoporosis, antiepileptic, antiarrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory, and is also useful in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension, antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, and cerebral ischemia. This review examines research on the pharmacological characteristics of 18βGA throughout recent decades to demonstrate its therapeutic potential and any gaps that may exist, presenting possibilities for future drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Sciences University Delhi Campus, New Delhi 110085, India
| | - Shahzad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Ambala 133201, India
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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DasNandy A, Virge R, Hegde HV, Chattopadhyay D. A review of patent literature on the regulation of glucose metabolism by six phytocompounds in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. J Integr Med 2023; 21:226-235. [PMID: 36932029 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, typified by hyperglycemia resulting from failures in complex multifactorial metabolic functions, that requires life-long medication. Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to micro- and macro-vascular complications. Although antidiabetic drugs are prescribed as the first-line treatment, many of them lose efficacy over time or have severe side effects. There is a lack of in-depth study on the patents filed concerning the use of natural compounds to manage diabetes. Thus, this patent analysis provides a comprehensive report on the antidiabetic therapeutic activity of 6 phytocompounds when taken alone or in combinations. Four patent databases were searched, and 17,649 patents filed between 2001 and 2021 were retrieved. Of these, 139 patents for antidiabetic therapeutic aids that included berberine, curcumin, gingerol, gymnemic acid, gymnemagenin and mangiferin were analyzed. The results showed that these compounds alone or in combinations, targeting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2, serine/threonine protein kinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipooxygenase, phosphorylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PPARγ co-activator-1α, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C, could regulate glucose metabolism which are validated by pharmacological rationale. Synergism, or combination therapy, including different phytocompounds and plant extracts, has been studied extensively and found effective, whereas the efficacy of commercial drugs in combination with phytocompounds has not been studied in detail. Curcumin, gymnemic acid and mangiferin were found to be effective against diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree DasNandy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajashri Virge
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India.
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Chen XM, Lin GX, Wang X, Ma HY, Wang RS, Wang SM, Tang D. Beneficial effects of ginsenosides on diabetic nephropathy: A systematical review and meta-analysis of preclinical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 302:115860. [PMID: 36341813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbs in the world for the treatment of various diseases, and ginsenoside is the representative bioactive component in ginseng. There have been many in vivo studies on ginsenoside for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common diabetic microvascular complication and the main cause of diabetic morbidity and mortality. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ginsenosides on DN by preclinical evidence and meta-analysis. Meanwhile, the main possible action mechanisms of ginsenosides against DN were also summarized. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, WOS, Embase, Cochrane, WanFang, Cqvip, CNKI and CBM databases from January 1, 2000, to November 15, 2021, to evaluate the animal experiments of ginsenosides for the treatment of DN. Finally, 30 animal experiments were included. Twelve outcome measures, including renal function indicators (24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, uric acid, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio), oxidative stress biomarkers (GPX, MDA, SOD), inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) were obtained by using RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed that except for no significant difference in CCr, other indicators such as 24h UP, SCr, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and UACR were significantly decreased. It showed that ginsenoside could improve renal function in diabetes. Meanwhile ginsenoside significantly up-regulated antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPX, down-regulated MDA and inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating that ginsenoside may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside can protect against the renal failure in diabetes through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-renal fibrosis, anti-apoptosis/pyroptosis, regulation of blood glucose/lipid metabolism, etc. Which provides preclinical evidence for the application of ginsenoside in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Xuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ru-Shang Wang
- Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Barakat H, Al-Roug K, Algonaiman R, Althwab SA, Alfheeaid HA, Alhomaid RM, Almujaydil MS, Bushnaq T, Ebeid TA. Biological Assessment of Stevioside and Sucralose as Sucrose Substitutes for Diabetics on STZ-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030940. [PMID: 36770608 PMCID: PMC9920551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous food organizations have identified excessive calorie consumption and accompanying ailments as significant health risks associated with high sugar consumption. Administering stevioside (ST), sucralose (SU), and the two synergically (SU+ST) affected normal rats' weight gain. In the current study, SU showed the highest undesired effect. Indeed, administering the three treatments to diabetic rats (DR) did not improve the rats' weight gain. Although, insulin injection synergically with the treatments improved the weight gain, as recorded after three weeks. The best-improving rate was observed in the ST group. After the administration of ST and ST+SU to the DR, the blood glucose level (GL) was positively affected, with SU having no effects on reducing the GL. A considerable reduction in serum insulin (SIL) was noted in the DR+SU group. On the contrary, ST did not negatively affect the SIL, rather an improvement was recorded. In addition, giving SU did not significantly affect the ALT level in the DR or normal rats (NR). A significant improvement in total bilirubin (TBILI) was observed when insulin was injected with ST or SU in DR groups. Further, triglycerides (TG) after administering ST, SU, or ST+SU to NR had no significant difference compared to the control group (NR). Although, the three treatments markedly but not significantly lowered TG in the DR. For total cholesterol (CHO), both DR and NR had no significant effect after the three treatments. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the NR group. Diffuse and severe atrophy of the islands of Langerhans due to depletion of their cells and mild papillary hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts were represented by a slightly folded ductal basement membrane and newly formed ductules in STZ-DR. Simultaneous atrophy and absence of the cells of islands of Langerhans besides ductal hyperplasia were evident in DR+SU. Hyperplastic ductal epithelium and atrophic Langerhans cells were seen in DR+SU+In. Degeneration and mild atrophy were observed in the islands of Langerhans structures. There was essentially no noticeable change after utilizing ST. A slight shrinkage of the Langerhans' islets was detected in DR+ST. In DR+ST+In, no histopathological alterations in the islands of Langerhans were recorded. Congestion in the stromal blood vessels associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the cells of the islands of Langerhans in DR+SU+ST was observed. In NR+SU, congestion of the blood vessels associated with mild atrophy in the islands of Langerhans and dilatation in stromal blood vessels was noticed. In conclusion, ST is safe, and SU should be taken cautiously, such as mixing with ST and/or taken at a very low concentration to avoid its drastic effect on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-547-141-277
| | - Khaled Al-Roug
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raya Algonaiman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Althwab
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A. Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M. Alhomaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taqwa Bushnaq
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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28
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Zhang L, Peng CY, Wang PX, Xu L, Liu JH, Xie X, Lu L, Tu ZC. Hypoglycemic and H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury protective effects and the phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate fraction from Radix Paeoniae Alba. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1126359. [PMID: 36908916 PMCID: PMC9998525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Paeonia Alba (RPA) is often used as food and medicine. This study aimed to enrich and identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds from RPA. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS+ scavenging ability, and α-glucosidase inhibition ability (IC50 = 7.27 μg/ml). The EAF could alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by decreasing the MDA and ROS levels, improving cell apoptosis, increasing the enzyme activity of GPX-Px, CAT, SOD, Na+/K+-ATP, and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP, and stimulating T-AOC expression, which also enhanced the glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, the EAF significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis displayed that procyanidin, digallic acid isomer, methyl gallate, tetragalloylglucose isomer, dimethyl gallic acid, and paeoniflorin were the major compounds in the EAF. These findings are meaningful for the application of the EAF in the medicinal or food industry to prevent and treat oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Yan Peng
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei-Xin Wang
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linju Xu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xing Xie
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Center of Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Estruel-Amades S, Massot-Cladera M, Franch À, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Rat Mucosal Immunity following an Intensive Chronic Training and an Exhausting Exercise: Effect of Hesperidin Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010133. [PMID: 36615791 PMCID: PMC9824398 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful situations such as a high-intensity exercise or exhausting training programs can act as immune disruptors leading to transitory immunodepression status, which can be accompanied by alterations of the gastrointestinal functions. Hesperidin intake has demonstrated ergogenic activity and is able to influence the intestinal ecosystem and immunity. We aimed to investigate the effect of hesperidin consumption in rats submitted to an intense training and a final exhaustion test, focusing on the functionality of the intestinal immune system and on the cecal microbiota. Rats, supplemented or not with hesperidin, were intensively trained on a treadmill for 5 weeks. Samples were obtained 24 h after a regular training session, and immediately and 24 h after a final exhaustion test. Cecal microbiota and composition and function of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were determined. Results showed that chronic intense exercise followed by an exhausting test induced changes in the intestinal immune compartment such as the distribution and function of MLN lymphocytes. Although the hesperidin supplementation did not prevent these alterations, it was able to enhance IgA synthesis in the intestinal compartment. This could be important in enhancing the immune intestinal barrier in this stressful situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-934-024-505 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-934-024-505 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
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de Souza Silva AP, de Camargo AC, Lazarini JG, Franchin M, Sardi JCO, Rosalen PL, de Alencar SM. Phenolic Profile and the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Meal: A Prospective Study. Foods 2022; 12. [PMID: 36613302 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical extraction of oils from Brazilian açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) produces significant amounts of a byproduct known as "meal", which is frequently discarded in the environment as waste material. Nevertheless, plant byproducts, especially those from oil extraction, may contain residual polyphenols in their composition and be a rich source of natural bioactive compounds. In this study, the phenolic composition and in vitro biological properties of a hydroethanolic açaí meal extract were elucidated. The major compounds tentatively identified in the extract by high-resolution mass spectrometry were anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonoids. Furthermore, rhamnocitrin is reported in an açaí byproduct for the first time. The extract showed reducing power and was effective in scavenging the ABTS radical cation (820.0 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1) and peroxyl radical (975.7 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1). NF-κB activation was inhibited at 10 or 100 µg∙mL-1 and TNF-α levels were reduced at 100 µg∙mL-1. However, the antibacterial effects against ESKAPE pathogens was not promising due to the high concentration needed (1250 or 2500 µg∙mL-1). These findings can be related to the diverse polyphenol-rich extract composition. To conclude, the polyphenol-rich extract obtained from açaí meal showed relevant biological activities that may have great applicability in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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DasNandy A, Patil VS, Hegde HV, Harish DR, Roy S. Elucidating type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factor by promoting lipid metabolism with gymnemagenin: An in vitro and in silico approach. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1074342. [PMID: 36582536 PMCID: PMC9792475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ which releases multiple bioactive substances and regulate obesity-linked complications. Dysregulation of adipocyte differentiation, triglyceride metabolism, adipokines production and lipid transport contributes to impaired lipid metabolism resulting in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre plant is frequently used in Ayurveda for treatment of diabetes and obesity. Gymnemagenin is a major bioactive compound of Gymnema sylvestre. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of gymnemagenin in lipid metabolism by in vitro and computational approaches. Methods: A panel of twelve genes viz., Fasn, Lipe, Lpl, Pparg, Plin2, Cidea, Scd1, Adipoq, Lep, Ccl2, Fabp4, and Slc2a4, essential in lipid metabolism were selected and gene expression pattern and triglyceride content were checked in adipocytes (3T3L1 cells) with/without treatment of gymnemagenin by Real time PCR and colorimetric estimation, respectively. Mode of action of gymnemagenin on Pparg and Fabp4 was accomplished by computational studies. Gene set enrichment and network pharmacology were performed by STRING and Cytoscape. Molecular docking was performed by AutoDock vina by POAP pipeline. Molecular dynamics, MM-PBSA were done by Gromacs tool. Results: In vitro study showed that gymnemagenin improved triglyceride metabolism by up regulating the expression of lipase genes viz., Lipe and Lpl which hydrolyse triglyceride. Gymnemagenin also up regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory gene Adipoq. Importantly, gymnemagenin treatment up regulated the expression of Pparg gene and the downstream target genes (Plin2, Cidea, and Scd1) which are associated with adipogenesis. However, gymnemagenin has no effect on expression of Fabp4, codes for a lipid transport protein. In silico study revealed that gymnemagenin targeted 12 genes were modulating 6 molecular pathways involved in diabetes and obesity. Molecular docking and dynamics revealed that gymnemagenin stably bind to active site residue of Pparg and failed to bind to Fabp4 active site compared to its standard molecules throughout 100 ns MD production run. Gymnemagenin scored binding free energy of -177.94 and -25.406 kJ/mol with Pparg and Fabp4, respectively. Conclusion: Gymnemagenin improved lipid metabolism by increasing triglyceride hydrolysis (lipolysis), up regulating the crucial gene of adipogenesis and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory adipokine proving its therapeutic importance as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic phytocompound.
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Omar AM, AlKharboush DF, Mohammad KA, Mohamed GA, Abdallah HM, Ibrahim SRM. Mangosteen Metabolites as Promising Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor Candidates: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121229. [PMID: 36557267 PMCID: PMC9784833 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by raised glucose levels in the blood, resulting in grave damage over time to various body organs, including the nerves, heart, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels. One of its therapeutic treatment approaches involves the inhibition of enzymes accountable for carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The present work is aimed at evaluating the potential of some reported metabolites from Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen, Guttiferae) as alpha-amylase inhibitors. Forty compounds were assessed for their capacity to inhibit alpha-amylase using in silico studies as well as in vitro assays. Molecular docking was carried out to analyze their binding capacities in the 3D structure of alpha-amylase (PDB ID: 4GQR). Among the tested compounds, 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4,6,3',4',6'-hexahydroxybenzophenone (8), aromadendrin-8-C-glucoside (5), epicatechin (6), rhodanthenone (4), and garcixanthone D (40) had a high XP G.score and a Glide G.score of -12.425, -11.855, -11.135, and -11.048 Kcal/mol, respectively. Compound 8 possessed the XP and Glide docking score of -12.425 Kcal/mol compared to the reference compounds myricetin and acarbose which had an XP and Glide docking score of -12.319 and 11.201 Kcal/mol, respectively. It interacted through hydrogen bond formations between its hydroxyl groups and the residues His 101, Asp 197, Glu 233, Asp 300, and His 305, in addition to water bridges and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) was used to calculate the binding free energy and molecular dynamic studies that indicated the stability of the alpha-amylase-compound 8 complex during the 100 ns simulation in comparison with myricetin- and acarbose-alpha-amylase complexes. Additionally, the in vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay findings validated the in silico study's findings. This could further validate the potential of G. mangostana as a candidate for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.M.O.); (S.R.M.I.); Tel.: +966-56-768-1466 (A.M.O.); +966-581183034 (S.R.M.I.)
| | - Dana F. AlKharboush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah A. Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.O.); (S.R.M.I.); Tel.: +966-56-768-1466 (A.M.O.); +966-581183034 (S.R.M.I.)
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Wu Y, Sun B, Guo X, Wu L, Hu Y, Qin L, Yang T, Li M, Qin T, Jiang M, Liu T. Zishen Pill alleviates diabetes in Db/db mice via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver. Chin Med 2022; 17:128. [PMID: 36352450 PMCID: PMC9647929 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rising global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) highlights a need for new therapies. The Zishen Pill (ZSP) is a traditional Chinese herbal decoction that has previously shown hypoglycemic effects in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, although the therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of ZSP’s hypoglycemic effects using db/db mice. Methods Db/db mice were divided into two groups: model group and ZSP group, while wt/wt mice were used as a normal control. ZSP was given to mice by gavage for 40 days. During treatment, blood glucose level and body weight were monitored continuously. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at day 35. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of treatment for further analyses. Mice liver samples were analyzed with mRNA transcriptomics using functional annotation and pathway enrichment to identify potential mechanisms that were then explored with qPCR and Western Blot techniques. Results ZSP treatment significantly reduced weight gain and glycemic severity in db/db mice. ZSP also partially restored the glucose homeostasis in db/db mice and increased the hepatic glycogen content. Transcriptomic analyses showed ZSP increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis including Hk2, Hk3, Gck and Pfkb1, and decreased expression of G6pase. Additionally, the gene and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, and Csf1 and Flt3 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in ZSP group. Conclusion ZSP treatment reduced the severity of diabetic symptoms in db/db mice. ZSP increased expression of genes associated with glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and decreased gluconeogenesis via the enhancement of the PI3K/AKT signaling in the liver. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00683-8.
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Rodríguez-Vera D, Abad-García A, Vargas-Mendoza N, Pinto-Almazán R, Farfán-García ED, Morales-González JA, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Polyphenols as potential enhancers of stem cell therapy against neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2093-2101. [PMID: 35259814 PMCID: PMC9083162 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of polyphenols for treating chronic-degenerative diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases) is attractive. However, the selection of the best polyphenol for each treatment, the mechanisms by which they act, and their efficacy are frequently discussed. In this review, the basics and the advances in the field, as well as suggestions for using natural and synthetic polyphenols alone or in a combinatorial strategy with stem cell assays, are compiled and discussed. Thus, stem cells exhibit several responses when polyphenols are added to their environment, which could provide us with knowledge for advancing the elucidation of the origin of neurodegeneration. But also, polyphenols are being included in the innovative strategies of novel therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic diseases related to neurodegeneration. In this regard, flavonoid compounds are suggested as the best natural polyphenols due to their several mechanisms for acting in ameliorative effects; but increasing reports are involving other polyphenols. Even if some facts limiting bioactivity prevent them from conventional use, some natural polyphenols and derivatives hold the promise for being improved compounds, judged by their induced effects. The current results suggest polyphenols as enhancers of stem cell therapy against the targeted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Vera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5, State of México, México
| | - Eunice D. Farfán-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
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Xu X, Zhang C, Wang N, Xu Y, Tang G, Xu L, Feng Y, de Oliveira FL. Bioactivities and Mechanism of Actions of Dendrobium officinale: A Comprehensive Review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36160715 PMCID: PMC9507758 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6293355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale has a long history of being consumed as a functional food and medicinal herb for preventing and managing diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that Dendrobium officinale contained abundant bioactive compounds, such as bibenzyls, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The experimental studies showed that Dendrobium officinale and its bioactive compounds exerted multiple biological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulatory activities and showed various health benefits like anticancer, antidiabetes, cardiovascular protective, gastrointestinal modulatory, hepatoprotective, lung protective, and neuroprotective effects. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical studies, bioactivities, and the mechanism of actions of Dendrobium officinale, and the safety and current challenges are also discussed, which might provide new perspectives for its development of drug and functional food as well as clinical applications.
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Jaradat N, Hawash M, Qadi M, Abualhasan M, Odetallah A, Qasim G, Awayssa R, Akkawi A, Abdullah I, Al-Maharik N. Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil from Palestine. Molecules 2022; 27:5721. [PMID: 36080486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pelargonium graveolens leaves are widely used in traditional medicine for relieving some cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders. They are also used as food and tea additives in Palestine and many other countries. Consequently, this investigation aimed to describe the chemical markers, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory characteristics of P. graveolens essential oil (PGEO) from Palestine utilizing reference methods. There were 70 chemicals found in the GCMS analysis, and oxygenated terpenoids were the most abundant group of the total PGEO. Citronellol (24.44%), citronellyl formate (15.63%), γ-eudesmol (7.60%), and iso-menthone (7.66%) were the dominant chemical markers. The EO displayed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.88 ± 0.45 µg/mL) and weak lipase and α-amylase suppressant effects. Notably, the PGEO displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy compared with Acarbose, with IC50 doses of 52.44 ± 0.29 and 37.15 ± 0.33 µg/mL, respectively. PGEO remarkably repressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even more than Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, and strongly inhibited Candida albicans compared with Fluconazole. The highest cytotoxic effect of the PGEO was noticed against MCF-7, followed by Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells, with IC50 doses of 32.71 ± 1.25, 40.71 ± 1.89, and 315.19 ± 20.5 µg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the screened EO demonstrated selective inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 14.03 µg/mL). Additionally, PGEO showed a weak suppressant effect on COX-2 (IC50 = 275.97 µg/mL). The current research can be considered the most comprehensive investigation of the chemical and pharmacological characterization of the PGEO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate, without doubt, that this plant represents a rich source of bioactive substances that can be further investigated and authenticated for their medicinal potential.
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Li L, Zhou P, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chen M, Tian Y, Zhou H, Yang B, Meng H, Zheng J. Antimicrobial activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-lauric acid ester against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Food Chem 2022; 383:132410. [PMID: 35182879 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic acylation of anthocyanin with fatty acid improves its lipophilic solubility and application potential. Nevertheless, evaluation of functional properties of product is premise for application. This study investigated the antimicrobial potential and the underlying mechanisms of an acylated anthocyanin, namely, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-lauric acid ester (C3G-LA), to provide guidelines for its application. C3G-LA exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.3125 mg/mL] and modest activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 5 mg/mL). Moreover, C3G-LA manifested bactericide ability against S. aureus at 0.625 mg/mL. Decreases in membrane integrity (by 96% and 92% at MIC in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively), intracellular ATP concentration (by 96% and 92%) and intracellular pH (by 11% and 9%) and changes in cellular morphology altogether indicated the dysfunction of cell membrane under C3G-LA treatment. These findings demonstrated that C3G-LA could be adopted as an alternative food preservative against foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; InnoStar Bio-Tech Nantong Site, Nantong 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Hecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; Zhongshan Hongli Health Food Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China.
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Mthiyane FT, Dludla PV, Ziqubu K, Mthembu SXH, Muvhulawa N, Hlengwa N, Nkambule BB, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleifera Extracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940572. [PMID: 35899107 PMCID: PMC9310029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is one of the popular plants that have shown significant health benefits. Certainly, preclinical evidence (predominantly from animal models) summarized in the current review supports the beneficial effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in combating the prominent characteristic features of diabetes mellitus. This includes effective control of blood glucose or insulin levels, enhancement of insulin tissue sensitivity, improvement of blood lipid profiles, and protecting against organ damage under sustained conditions of hyperglycemia. Interestingly, as major complications implicated in the progression of diabetes, including organ damage, Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts could efficiently block the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and inflammation in these preclinical models. Notably, these extracts (especially leaf extracts) showed enhanced effects in strengthening intracellular antioxidant defences like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione to lower lipid peroxidation products and reduce prominent pro-inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (1L)-β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and nitric oxide synthase. From animal models of diabetes, the common and effective dose of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera was 100-300 mg/kg, within the treatment duration of 2-8 weeks. Whereas supplementation with approximately 20 g leaf powder of Moringa oleifera for at least 2 weeks could improve postprandial blood glucose in subjects with prediabetes or diabetes. Although limited clinical studies have been conducted on the antidiabetic properties of Moringa oleifera, current findings provide an important platform for future research directed at developing this plant as a functional food to manage diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikile T. Mthiyane
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Nokulunga Hlengwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa,*Correspondence: Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje,
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Okokon JE, Etuk IC, Thomas PS, Drijfhout FP, Claridge TDW, Li WW. In vivo antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities and chemical constituents of Solanum anomalum. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113153. [PMID: 35598372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum anomalum is a plant used ethnomedically for the treatment of diabetes. The study was aimed to validate ethnomedical claims in rat model and identify the likely antidiabetic compounds. Leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg/day) and fractions (140 mg/kg/day) of S. anomalum were evaluated in hyperglycaemic rats induced using alloxan for effects on blood glucose, lipids and pancreas histology. Phytochemical characterisation of isolated compounds and their identification were performed using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics tool was used to predict the possible protein targets of the identified bioactive compounds. The leaf extract/fractions on administration to diabetic rats caused significant lowering of fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats during single dose study and on repeated administration of the extract. The hydroethanolic leaf extracts also enhanced glucose utilization capacity of the diabetic rats and caused significant lowering of glycosylated hemoglobin levels and elevation of insulin levels in the serum. Furthermore, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol levels were lowered significantly, while HDL-cholesterol levels were also elevated in the treated diabetic rats. There was absence or few pathological signs in the treated hyperglycaemic rat pancreas compared to that present in the pancreas of control group. Diosgenin, 25(R)-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, uracil, thymine, 1-octacosanol, and octacosane were isolated and identified. Protein phosphatases along with secreted proteins are predicted to be the major targets of diosgenin and the diosgenin glycoside. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of S. anomalum possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties, offer protection to the pancreas and stimulate insulin secretion, which can be attributable to the activities of its phytochemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
| | - Idongesit C Etuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Paul S Thomas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Falko P Drijfhout
- Chemical Sciences Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
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Chen B, Misrani A, Long C, He Z, Chen K, Yang L. Pigment of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Flowers: Separation, Extraction, Purification and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113555. [PMID: 35684492 PMCID: PMC9182074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the extraction procedure of a natural pigment from the flower of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) was optimized by response surface methodology. It is the first time that the extraction of the flower pigment of C. speciosa (FPCS) has been reported, along with an evaluation of its stability and biological activity under various conditions, and an exploration of its potential use as a food additive and in medicine. Specifically, the effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, temperature and time on the extraction rate of FPCS were determined using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum extraction conditions for FPCS were 75% ethanol with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:75 mg/mL) at 66 °C for 39 min. The purification of FPCS using different macroporous resins showed that D101 performed best when the initial mass concentration of the injection solution was 1.50 mg/mL, resulting in a three-fold increase in color value. The yield of dry flowers was 9.75% of fresh petals and the FPCS extraction efficiency was 43.2%. The effects of light, solubility, pH, temperature, sweeteners, edible acids, redox agents, preservatives and metal ions on FPCS were also investigated. Furthermore, the characteristics of FPCS were determined by spectrophotometry at a specific wavelength using the Lambert-Beer law to correlate the mass of FPCS with its absorbance value. An acute toxicological test performed according to Horne's method showed that FPCS is a non-toxic extract and thus may be used as a food additive or in other ingestible forms. Finally, western blotting showed that FPCS prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced hippocampal oxidative stress in mice. The study suggests that FPCS may function as an antioxidant with applications in the food, cosmetics and polymer industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Chen
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Afzal Misrani
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China; (A.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Cheng Long
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China; (A.M.); (C.L.)
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhizhou He
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-(020)-3936-6913 (L.Y.)
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-(020)-3936-6913 (L.Y.)
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-(020)-3936-6913 (L.Y.)
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Arunachalam K, Sreeja PS, Yang X. The Antioxidant Properties of Mushroom Polysaccharides can Potentially Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Beta-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874474. [PMID: 35600869 PMCID: PMC9117613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine illness affecting people all over the world and is of serious health and financial concern. Antidiabetic medicine delivered through pharmacotherapy, including synthetic antidiabetic drugs, are known to have several negative effects. Fortunately, several natural polysaccharides have antidiabetic properties, and the use of these polysaccharides as adjuncts to conventional therapy is becoming more common, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The review of current literature presented here focusses, therefore, on the antioxidant properties of mushroom polysaccharides used in the management of diabetic complications, and discusses whether these antioxidant properties contribute to the deactivation of the oxidative stress-related signalling pathways, and to the amelioration of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the relevant information concerning the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of mushrooms from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus or Google Scholar, for the period 1994 to 2021. In total, 104 different polysaccharides from mushrooms have been found to have antidiabetic effects. Most of the literature on mushroom polysaccharides has demonstrated the beneficial effects of these polysaccharides on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels. This review discuss the effects of these polysaccharides on hyperglycemia and other alternative antioxidant therapies for diabetic complications through their applications and limits, in order to gain a better understanding of how they can be used to treat DM. Preclinical and phytochemical investigations have found that most of the active polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms have antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the development of DM. Further research is necessary to confirm whether mushroom polysaccharides can effectively alleviate hyperglycemia, and the mechanisms by which they do this, and to investigate whether these polysaccharides might be utilized as a complementary therapy for the prevention and management of DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Karuppusamy Arunachalam, ; Xuefei Yang,
| | | | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Karuppusamy Arunachalam, ; Xuefei Yang,
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Djeujo FM, Ragazzi E, Urettini M, Sauro B, Cichero E, Tonelli M, Froldi G. Magnolol and Luteolin Inhibition of α-Glucosidase Activity: Kinetics and Type of Interaction Detected by In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020205. [PMID: 35215317 PMCID: PMC8880268 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol and luteolin are two natural compounds recognized in several medicinal plants widely used in traditional medicine, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of magnolol and luteolin on α-glucosidase activity. Their biological profile was studied by multispectroscopic methods along with inhibitory kinetic analysis and computational experiments. Magnolol and luteolin decreased the enzymatic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. With 0.075 µM α-glucosidase, the IC50 values were similar for both compounds (~ 32 µM) and significantly lower than for acarbose (815 μM). Magnolol showed a mixed-type antagonism, while luteolin showed a non-competitive inhibition mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the binding of magnolol was predominantly sustained by hydrophobic interactions, while luteolin mainly exploited van der Waals contacts and hydrogen bonds. Synchronous fluorescence revealed that magnolol interacted with the target, influencing the microenvironment around tyrosine residues, and circular dichroism explained a rearrangement of the secondary structure of α-glucosidase from the initial α-helix to the final conformation enriched with β-sheet and random coil. Docking studies provided support for the experimental results. Altogether, the data propose magnolol, for the first time, as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor and add further evidence to the inhibitory role of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Medjiofack Djeujo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.U.); (B.S.)
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.U.); (B.S.)
| | - Miriana Urettini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.U.); (B.S.)
| | - Beatrice Sauro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.U.); (B.S.)
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16128 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-049-827-5092 (G.F.); Fax: +39-049-827-5093 (G.F.)
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16128 Genova, Italy;
| | - Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.U.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-049-827-5092 (G.F.); Fax: +39-049-827-5093 (G.F.)
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Srisongkram T, Waithong S, Thitimetharoch T, Weerapreeyakul N. Machine Learning and In Vitro Chemical Screening of Potential α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Thai Indigenous Plants. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020267. [PMID: 35057448 PMCID: PMC8781461 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes are the rate-limiting steps for carbohydrate digestion. The inhibition of these two enzymes is clinically used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here, in vitro study and machine learning models were employed for the chemical screening of inhibiting the activity of 31 plant samples on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The results showed that the ethanolic twig extract of Pinus kesiya had the highest inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme. The respective ethanolic extract of Croton oblongifolius stem, Parinari anamense twig, and Polyalthia evecta leaf showed high inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The classification analysis revealed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Thai indigenous plants was more predictive based on phytochemical constituents, compared with the α-amylase inhibitory activity (1.00 versus 0.97 accuracy score). The correlation loading plot revealed that flavonoids and alkaloids contributed to the α-amylase inhibitory activity, while flavonoids, tannins, and reducing sugars contributed to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of P. kesiya, C. oblongifolius, P. anamense, and P. evecta have the potential for further chemical characterization and the development of anti-diabetic recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasisom Waithong
- Program of Aesthetic Sciences and Health, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Thitimetharoch
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Pathak N, Tomer M, Rawat M, Dev R, Varshney A. Anti-hyperglycemic contours of Madhugrit are robustly translated in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of lipid accumulation by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1064532. [PMID: 36545334 PMCID: PMC9762483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1064532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes has considerably increased in recent years. In the long run, use of dual therapy of anti-diabetic agents becomes mandatory to attain euglycemia. Also, the incidences of diabetes-related co-morbidities have warranted the search for new therapeutic approaches for the management of the disease. Traditional herbo-mineral, anti-diabetic agents like Madhugrit are often prescribed to mitigate diabetes and related complications. The present study aimed to thoroughly characterize the pharmacological applications of Madhugrit. METHODS Phytometabolite characterization of Madhugrit was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Evaluation of cell viability, α-amylase inhibition, glucose uptake, inflammation, and wound healing was performed by in vitro model systems using AR42J, L6, THP1, HaCaT cells, and reporter cell lines namely NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The formation of advanced glycation end products was determined by cell-free assay. In addition, the therapeutic potential of Madhugrit was also analyzed in the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Parameters like brood size, % curling, glucose and triglyceride accumulation, lipid deposition, ROS generation, and lipid peroxidation were determined under hyperglycemic conditions induced by the addition of supraphysiological glucose levels. RESULTS Madhugrit treatment significantly reduced the α-amylase release, enhanced glucose uptake, decreased AGEs formation, reduced differentiation of monocyte to macrophage, lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and enhanced wound healing in the in vitro hyperglycemic (glucose; 25 mM) conditions. In C. elegans stimulated with 100 mM glucose, Madhugrit (30 µg/ml) treatment normalized brood size, reduced curling behavior, decreased accumulation of glucose, triglycerides, and lowered oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Madhugrit showed multimodal approaches in combating hyperglycemia and related complications due to the presence of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing, and lipid-lowering phytoconstituents in its arsenal. The study warrants the translational use of Madhugrit as an effective medicine for diabetes and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishit Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Malini Rawat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Anurag Varshney,
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Wang K, Wu J, Chen S, Zhao H, He P, Tu Y, Li B. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the anti-diabetic mechanism of theaflavins in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2033-2043. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Black tea exhibits potential to improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and theaflavins (TFs) are one of its characteristic components. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-diabetic mechanism...
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Shehadeh MB, Suaifan GARY, Abu-Odeh AM. Plants Secondary Metabolites as Blood Glucose-Lowering Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:4333. [PMID: 34299610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agents have been achieved. However, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs is continuous and challenging. Over the past decades, there has been an increasing body of literature related to the effects of secondary metabolites from botanical sources on diabetes. Plants-derived metabolites including alkaloids, phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, stilbenoids, saponins, tannins, polysaccharides, coumarins, and terpenes can target cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, they can grant protection to pancreatic beta cells from damage, repairing abnormal insulin signaling, minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Studies have highlighted many bioactive naturally occurring plants' secondary metabolites as candidates against diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge compiled from the latest studies published during the past decade on the mechanism-based action of plants-derived secondary metabolites that can target various metabolic pathways in humans against diabetes. It is worth mentioning that the compiled data in this review will provide a guide for researchers in the field, to develop candidates into environment-friendly effective, yet safe antidiabetics.
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Sai K, Chhetri SBB, Devkota SR, Khatri D. Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Potential of Leaves Extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. from Nepal. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:3230351. [PMID: 34257624 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3230351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. (family: Anacardiaceae) is a wild deciduous tree indigenous to southeast Asian countries. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally for the treatment and cure of various disorders and illnesses. S. pinnata leaves are used to prevent and treat diabetes in traditional Balinese medicine. However, scientific study on the antihyperglycemic effect of its leaves has not been reported yet. Therefore, this study aims to perform phytochemical screening and investigate the hypoglycemic potential of S. pinnata leaves extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the hydroethanolic extract was performed following the standard tests. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of the leaves extract was evaluated using normal and glucose-loaded rats. The results displayed the presence of phytochemical constituents such as saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids. S. pinnata (500 mg/kg) and metformin (100 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level at 1, 2, and 3 h in normal rats when compared to the control group. Metformin- (100 mg/kg)- and S. pinnata- (500 mg/kg)- treated groups showed a maximum decrease in the blood glucose level at 3 h after single-dose administration in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In conclusion, S. pinnata leaves possess a significant hypoglycemic activity in the animal model and thus support its traditional use to treat diabetes. Therefore, a detailed mechanism-based study and isolation of bioactive compounds from S. pinnata leaves would be beneficial in the future for the search of new hypoglycemic agents.
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Jaradat N. Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Vital Physiological Enzymes Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia jordanica Leaves Essential Oil from Palestine. Molecules 2021; 26:2831. [PMID: 34068826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia jordanica (AJ) is one of the folkloric medicinal plants and grows in the arid condition used by Palestinian Bedouins in the Al-Naqab desert for the treatment of diabetes and gastrointestinal infections. The current investigation aimed, for the first time, to characterize the (AJ) essential oil (EO) components and evaluate EO’s antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique was utilized to characterize the chemical ingredients of (AJ) EO, while validated biochemical approaches were utilized to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-obesity and antidiabetic. The microbicidal efficacy of (AJ) EO was measured utilizing the broth microdilution assay. Besides, the cytotoxic activity was estimated utilizing the (MTS) procedure. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was measured utilizing a COX inhibitory screening test kit. The analytical investigation revealed the presence of 19 molecules in the (AJ) EO. Oxygenated terpenoids, including bornyl acetate (63.40%) and endo-borneol (17.75%) presented as major components of the (AJ) EO. The EO exhibited potent antioxidant activity compared with Trolox, while it showed a weak anti-lipase effect compared with orlistat. In addition, the tested EO displayed a potent α-amylase suppressing effect compared with the positive control acarbose. Notably, the (AJ) EO exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory potential compared with the positive control acarbose. The EO had has a cytotoxic effect against all the screened tumor cells. In fact, (AJ) EO showed potent antimicrobial properties. Besides, the EO inhibited the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, compared with the anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. The (AJ) EO has strong antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, and COX inhibitory effects which could be a favorite candidate for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases caused by harmful free radicals, microbial resistance, diabetes, and inflammations. Further in-depth investigations are urgently crucial to explore the importance of such medicinal plants in pharmaceutical production.
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