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Ha SE, Jorgensen BG, Wei L, Jin B, Kim MS, Poudrier SM, Singh R, Bartlett A, Zogg H, Kim S, Baek G, Kurahashi M, Lee MY, Kim YS, Choi SC, Sasse KC, Rubin SJS, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Becker L, Habtezion A, Sanders KM, Ro S. Metalloendopeptidase ADAM-like Decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1) in Colonic Subepithelial PDGFRα + Cells Is a New Marker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5007. [PMID: 35563399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloendopeptidase ADAM-Like Decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1) is an anti-inflammatory peptidase that is almost exclusively expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We have recently found abundant and selective expression of Adamdec1 in colonic mucosal PDGFRα+ cells. However, the cellular origin for this gene expression is controversial as it is also known to be expressed in intestinal macrophages. We found that Adamdec1 mRNAs were selectively expressed in colonic mucosal subepithelial PDGFRα+ cells. ADAMDEC1 protein was mainly released from PDGFRα+ cells and accumulated in the mucosal layer lamina propria space near the epithelial basement membrane. PDGFRα+ cells significantly overexpressed Adamdec1 mRNAs and protein in DSS-induced colitis mice. Adamdec1 was predominantly expressed in CD45- PDGFRα+ cells in DSS-induced colitis mice, with only minimal expression in CD45+ CD64+ macrophages. Additionally, overexpression of both ADAMDEC1 mRNA and protein was consistently observed in PDGFRα+ cells, but not in CD64+ macrophages found in human colonic mucosal tissue affected by Crohn's disease. In summary, PDGFRα+ cells selectively express ADAMDEC1, which is localized to the colon mucosa layer. ADAMDEC1 expression significantly increases in DSS-induced colitis affected mice and Crohn's disease affected human tissue, suggesting that this gene can serve as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation and Crohn's disease.
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Romero JM, Grünwald B, Jang GH, Bavi PP, Jhaveri A, Masoomian M, Fischer SE, Zhang A, Denroche RE, Lungu IM, De Luca A, Bartlett JMS, Xu J, Li N, Dhaliwal S, Liang SB, Chadwick D, Vyas F, Bronsert P, Khokha R, McGaha TL, Notta F, Ohashi PS, Done SJ, O'Kane GM, Wilson JM, Knox JJ, Connor A, Wang Y, Zogopoulos G, Gallinger S. A Four-Chemokine Signature Is Associated with a T-cell-Inflamed Phenotype in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1997-2010. [PMID: 31964786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular drivers of antitumor immunity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are poorly understood, posing a major obstacle for the identification of patients potentially amenable for immune-checkpoint blockade or other novel strategies. Here, we explore the association of chemokine expression with effector T-cell infiltration in PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Discovery cohorts comprised 113 primary resected PDAC and 107 PDAC liver metastases. Validation cohorts comprised 182 PDAC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 92 PDACs from the Australian International Cancer Genome Consortium. We explored associations between immune cell counts by immunohistochemistry, chemokine expression, and transcriptional hallmarks of antitumor immunity by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and mutational burden by whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS Among all known human chemokines, a coregulated set of four (CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10) was strongly associated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration (P < 0.001). Expression of this "4-chemokine signature" positively correlated with transcriptional metrics of T-cell activation (ZAP70, ITK, and IL2RB), cytolytic activity (GZMA and PRF1), and immunosuppression (PDL1, PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, TIGIT, LAG3, FASLG, and IDO1). Furthermore, the 4-chemokine signature marked tumors with increased T-cell activation scores (MHC I presentation, T-cell/APC costimulation) and elevated expression of innate immune sensing pathways involved in T-cell priming (STING and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, BATF3-driven dendritic cells). Importantly, expression of this 4-chemokine signature was consistently indicative of a T-cell-inflamed phenotype across primary PDAC and PDAC liver metastases. CONCLUSIONS A conserved 4-chemokine signature marks resectable and metastatic PDAC tumors with an active antitumor phenotype. This could have implications for the appropriate selection of PDAC patients in immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Romero
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gun-Ho Jang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prashant P Bavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaditeya Jhaveri
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Masoomian
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Zhang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert E Denroche
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilinca M Lungu
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela De Luca
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Xu
- Drug Development Program Biomarker Laboratory, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niandong Li
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Dhaliwal
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheng-Ben Liang
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dianne Chadwick
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Foram Vyas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan J Done
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grainne M O'Kane
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wallace McCain Centre of Pancreatic Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie M Wilson
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wallace McCain Centre of Pancreatic Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashton Connor
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifan Wang
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Goodman Cancer Research Centre of McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- The Goodman Cancer Research Centre of McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wallace McCain Centre of Pancreatic Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hepatobilliary Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu T, Deng Z, Xie H, Chen M, Xu S, Peng Q, Sha K, Xiao W, Zhao Z, Li J. ADAMDEC1 promotes skin inflammation in rosacea via modulating the polarization of M1 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:64-71. [PMID: 31627897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease which mainly affects central face, leading to cosmetic disfigurement and compromised social psychology in billions of rosacea patients. Though the exact etiology of rosacea remains elusive, accumulating evidence has highlighted the dysfunction of innate immunity and inflammation in rosacea pathogenesis. Disintegrin Metalloprotease ADAM-like Decysin-1 (ADAMDEC1) is an orphan ADAM-like metalloprotease which is believed to be closely related to inflammation. Here for the first time, we reported that Adamdec1 expression was significantly increased in the skin lesions of rosacea patients and LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localization of ADAMDEC1 and macrophages in patient and mouse biopsies. In cellular experiment, the expression of ADAMDEC1 was prominently elevated in M1 but not M2 macrophages. Knocking down of ADAMDEC1 significantly blunted M1 polarization in macrophages induced from human monocytes and THP-1 cell lines. Furthermore, silencing of Adamdec1 in LL-37-induced mouse model also suppressed the expression of M1 signature genes such as IL-6, iNOS and TNF-α, resulting in attenuated rosacea-like phenotype and inflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ADAMDEC1 plays a pro-inflammatory role in rosacea via modulating the M1 polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangxiele Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinqin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ke Sha
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lin Q, Ohtsuji M, Amano H, Tsurui H, Tada N, Sato R, Fukuyama H, Nishimura H, Verbeek JS, Hirose S. FcγRIIb on B Cells and Myeloid Cells Modulates B Cell Activation and Autoantibody Responses via Different but Synergistic Pathways in Lupus-Prone Yaa Mice. J Immunol 2018; 201:3199-3210. [PMID: 30373853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 (B6).FcγRIIb-/- Yaa mice spontaneously develop lethal lupus nephritis. To define the cell type-specific role of FcγRIIb in Yaa-associated lupus, we established B cell- (CD19Cre Yaa), myeloid cell- (C/EBPαCre Yaa), and dendritic cell- (DC) (CD11cCre Yaa) specific FcγRIIb-deficient B6.Yaa mouse strains. CD19Cre Yaa mice developed milder lupus than B6.FcγRIIb-/- Yaa mice, indicating that FcγRIIb deficiency on B cells is not sufficient for the development of severe disease. Surprisingly, C/EBPαCre Yaa mice also showed autoantibody production and mild lupus similar to that in CD19Cre Yaa mice, whereas CD11cCre Yaa mice stayed disease free. These observations indicate that FcγRIIb deficiency in B cells and myeloid cells, but not DCs, contributes to the severe disease in B6.FcγRIIb-/- Yaa mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of peripheral Gr-1- but not Gr-1+ monocyte was increased in B6.FcγRIIb-/- Yaa and C/EBPαCre Yaa but not CD19Cre Yaa mice, suggesting a link between FcγRIIb deficiency on myeloid cells and the high frequency of Gr-1- monocytes. RNA sequencing revealed that compared with Gr-1+ monocytes, Gr-1- monocytes expressed higher levels of the B cell-stimulating cytokines BSF-3, IL-10, and IL-1β, the DC markers CD11c, CD83, and Adamdec1, and the antiapoptotic factors Bcl2 and Bcl6. In conclusion, in Yaa-associated lupus nephritis, FcγRIIb on B cells and myeloid cells modulates B cell activation via different but synergistic pathways. Gr-1- monocytes are the most likely candidate myeloid cells involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mareki Ohtsuji
- Toin Human Science and Technology Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Amano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tsurui
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; and
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Nishimura
- Toin Human Science and Technology Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sachiko Hirose
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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Sengupta M, Wang BD, Lee NH, Marx A, Kusner LL, Kaminski HJ. MicroRNA and mRNA expression associated with ectopic germinal centers in thymus of myasthenia gravis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205464. [PMID: 30308012 PMCID: PMC6181382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic pathology of early onset myasthenia gravis is thymic hyperplasia with ectopic germinal centers (GC). However, the mechanisms that trigger and maintain thymic hyperplasia are poorly characterized. Dysregulation of small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes has been identified in the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. We assessed the miRNA and mRNA profiles of the MG thymus and have investigated their role in GC formation and maintenance. METHODS MG thymus samples were assessed by histology and grouped based upon the appearance of GC; GC positive and GC negative. A systems biology approach was used to study the differences between the groups. Our study included miRNA and mRNA profiling, quantitative real-time PCR validation, miRNA target identification, pathway analysis, miRNA-mRNA reciprocal expression pairing and interaction. RESULTS Thirty-eight mature miRNAs and forty-six annotated mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two groups (>1.5 fold change, ANOVA p<0.05). The miRNAs were found to be involved in immune response pathways and identified in other autoimmune diseases. The cellular and molecular functions of the mRNAs showed involvement in cell death and cell survival, cellular proliferation, cytokine signaling and extra-cellular matrix reorganization. Eleven miRNA and mRNA pairs were reciprocally regulated. The Regulator of G protein Signalling 13 (RGS13), known to be involved in GC regulation, was identified in specimens with GC and was paired with downregulation of miR-452-5p and miR-139-5p. MiRNA target sites were validated by dual luciferase assay. Transfection of miRNA mimics led to down regulation of RGS13 expression in Raji cells. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a distinct miRNA and mRNA expression pattern in ectopic GC in MG thymus. These miRNAs and mRNAs are involved in regulatory pathways common to inflammation and immune response, cell cycle regulation and anti-apoptotic pathways suggesting their involvement in support of GC formation in the thymus. We demonstrate for the first time that miR-139-5p and miR-452-5p negatively regulate RGS13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Alexander Marx
- University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda L. Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Santamaria S, de Groot R. Monoclonal antibodies against metzincin targets. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:52-66. [PMID: 29488211 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metzincin clan of metalloproteinases includes the MMP, disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs families, which cleave extracellular targets in a wide range of (patho)physiological processes. Antibodies constitute a powerful tool to modulate the activity of these enzymes for both therapeutic and research purposes. In this review, we give an overview of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have been tested in preclinical disease models, human trials and important studies of metzincin structure and function. Initial attempts to develop therapeutic small molecule inhibitors against MMPs were hampered by structural similarities between metzincin active sites and, consequently, off-target effects. Therefore, more recently, mAbs have been developed that do not bind to the active site but bind to surface-exposed loops that are poorly conserved in closely related family members. Inhibition of protease activity by these mAbs occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including (i) barring access to the active site, (ii) disruption of exosite binding, and (iii) prevention of protease activation. These different modes of inhibition are discussed in the context of the antibodies' potency, selectivity and, importantly, the effects in models of disease and clinical trials. In addition, various innovative strategies that were used to generate anti-metzincin mAbs are discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rens de Groot
- Imperial College London, Centre for Haematology, London, UK
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Lund J, Elimar Bitsch AM, Grønbech Rasch M, Enoksson M, Troeberg L, Nagase H, Loftager M, Overgaard MT, Petersen HH. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the disintegrin-like domain of ADAMDEC1 modulates the proteolytic activity and enables quantification of ADAMDEC1 protein in human plasma. MAbs 2018; 10:118-128. [PMID: 29185848 PMCID: PMC5800386 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1395541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Decysin-1 (ADAMDEC1) is an orphan ADAM-like metalloprotease with unknown biological function and a short domain structure. ADAMDEC1 mRNA has previously been demonstrated primarily in macrophages and mature dendritic cells. Here, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the mature ADAMDEC1 protein, as well as mAbs specific for the ADAMDEC1 pro-form, enabling further investigations of the metalloprotease. The generated mAbs bind ADAMDEC1 with varying affinity and represent at least six different epitope bins. Binding of mAbs to one epitope bin in the C-terminal disintegrin-like domain efficiently reduces the proteolytic activity of ADAMDEC1. A unique mAb, also recognizing the disintegrin-like domain, stimulates the caseinolytic activity of ADAMDEC1 while having no significant effect on the proteolysis of carboxymethylated transferrin. Using two different mAbs binding the disintegrin-like domain, we developed a robust, quantitative sandwich ELISA and demonstrate secretion of mature ADAMDEC1 protein by primary human macrophages. Surprisingly, we also found ADAMDEC1 present in human plasma with an approximate concentration of 0.5 nM. The presence of ADAMDEC1 both in human plasma and in macrophage cell culture supernatant were biochemically validated using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis demonstrating that ADAMDEC1 is secreted in a mature form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lund
- Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Elimar Bitsch
- Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Mari Enoksson
- Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Loftager
- Department of Haemophilia Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Chen R, Jin G, McIntyre TM. The soluble protease ADAMDEC1 released from activated platelets hydrolyzes platelet membrane pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to active high-molecular-weight EGF. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10112-10122. [PMID: 28455445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the sole source of EGF in circulation, yet how EGF is stored or released from stimulated cells is undefined. In fact, we found platelets did not store EGF, synthesized as a single 6-kDa domain in pro-EGF, but rather expressed intact pro-EGF precursor on granular and plasma membranes. Activated platelets released high-molecular-weight (HMW)-EGF, produced by a single cleavage between the EGF and the transmembrane domains of pro-EGF. We synthesized a fluorogenic peptide encompassing residues surrounding the putative sessile arginyl residue and found stimulated platelets released soluble activity that cleaved this pro-EGF1020-1027 peptide. High throughput screening identified chymostatins, bacterial peptides with a central cyclic arginyl structure, as inhibitors of this activity. In contrast, the matrix metalloproteinase/TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme) inhibitor GM6001 was ineffective. Stimulated platelets released the soluble protease ADAMDEC1, recombinant ADAMDEC1 hydrolyzed pro-EGF1020-1027, and this activity was inhibited by chymostatin and not GM6001. Biotinylating platelet surface proteins showed ADAMDEC1 hydrolyzed surface pro-EGF to HMW-EGF that stimulated HeLa EGF receptor (EGFR) reporter cells and EGFR-dependent tumor cell migration. This proteolysis was inhibited by chymostatin and not GM6001. Metabolizing pro-EGF Arg1023 to citrulline with recombinant polypeptide arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) abolished ADAMDEC1-catalyzed pro-EGF1020-1027 peptidolysis, while pretreating intact platelets with PAD4 suppressed ADAMDEC1-, thrombin-, or collagen-induced release of HMW-EGF. We conclude that activated platelets release ADAMDEC1, which hydrolyzes pro-EGF to soluble HMW-EGF, that HMW-EGF is active, that proteolytic cleavage of pro-EGF first occurs at the C-terminal arginyl residue of the EGF domain, and that proteolysis is the regulated and rate-limiting step in generating soluble EGF bioactivity from activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Ge Jin
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and .,Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195 Ohio and
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O’Shea NR, Chew TS, Dunne J, Marnane R, Nedjat-Shokouhi B, Smith PJ, Bloom SL, Smith AM, Segal AW. Critical Role of the Disintegrin Metalloprotease ADAM-like Decysin-1 [ADAMDEC1] for Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1417-1427. [PMID: 27226416 PMCID: PMC5174729 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ADAM [A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase] is a family of peptidase proteins which have diverse roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Here, we study ADAM-like DECysin-1 [ADAMDEC1] a unique member of the ADAM family. ADAMDEC1 expression is restricted to the macrophage/dendritic cell populations of the gastrointestinal tract and secondary lymphoid tissue. The biological function of ADAMDEC1 is unknown but it has been hypothesised to play a role in immunity. The identification of reduced ADAMDEC1 expression in Crohn's disease patients has provided evidence of a potential role in bowel inflammation. METHODS Adamdec1-/- mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulphate or infected orally with Citrobacter rodentium or Salmonella typhimurium. The clinical response was monitored. RESULTS The loss of Adamdec1 rendered mice more susceptible to the induction of bacterial and chemical induced colitis, as evidenced by increased neutrophil infiltration, greater IL-6 and IL-1β secretion, more weight loss and increased mortality. In the absence of Adamdec1, greater numbers of Citrobacter rodentium were found in the spleen, suggestive of a breakdown in mucosal immunity which resulted in bacteraemia. CONCLUSION In summary, ADAMDEC1 protects the bowel from chemical and bacterial insults, failure of which may predispose to Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thean S. Chew
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Dunne
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stuart L. Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, UK
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK,Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK,*These authors contributed equally to this work
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Takeda S. ADAM and ADAMTS Family Proteins and Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: A Structural Overview. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E155. [PMID: 27196928 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family proteins constitute a major class of membrane-anchored multidomain proteinases that are responsible for the shedding of cell-surface protein ectodomains, including the latent forms of growth factors, cytokines, receptors and other molecules. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are major components in most viper venoms. SVMPs are primarily responsible for hemorrhagic activity and may also interfere with the hemostatic system in envenomed animals. SVMPs are phylogenetically most closely related to ADAMs and, together with ADAMs and related ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family proteinases, constitute adamalysins/reprolysins or the M12B clan (MEROPS database) of metalloproteinases. Although the catalytic domain structure is topologically similar to that of other metalloproteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases, the M12B proteinases have a modular structure with multiple non-catalytic ancillary domains that are not found in other proteinases. Notably, crystallographic studies revealed that, in addition to the conserved metalloproteinase domain, M12B members share a hallmark cysteine-rich domain designated as the “ADAM_CR” domain. Despite their name, ADAMTSs lack disintegrin-like structures and instead comprise two ADAM_CR domains. This review highlights the current state of our knowledge on the three-dimensional structures of M12B proteinases, focusing on their unique domains that may collaboratively participate in directing these proteinases to specific substrates.
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Cañete JD, Celis R, Yeremenko N, Sanmartí R, van Duivenvoorde L, Ramírez J, Blijdorp I, García-Herrero CM, Pablos JL, Baeten DL. Ectopic lymphoid neogenesis is strongly associated with activation of the IL-23 pathway in rheumatoid synovitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:173. [PMID: 26156866 PMCID: PMC4496927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The functional relevance of synovial ectopic lymphoid neogenesis (ELN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. As ELN correlates with the degree of tissue inflammation, we investigated whether ELN was associated with specific cytokine profiles. Methods Synovial ELN was determined by immunohistology and long CD21 isoform (CD21L) expression. Cytokine expression was determined by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as immunohistology in synovial fluid (SF) (n = 44) and tissue (ST) (n = 108), respectively. Production of ELN-associated chemokines by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was studied in vitro. Results Screening analysis of SF by multiplex ELISA showed higher protein levels of interleukin (IL)-23 (p = 0.018) and IL-17F (p = 0.028) in ELN+ versus ELN- samples. Other cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were not different. The association between IL-23 and ELN was not biased by disease activity or other clinical features and was confirmed by higher IL-23 mRNA expression in ELN+ versus ELN- ST samples (p = 0.030), a correlation between IL-23 and CD21L expression in the same samples (r = 0.70 p < 0.0001), and a similar correlation in two independent ST sample sets (r = 0.778 p < 0.0001 and r = 0.817 p = 0.011). IL-23 p19 staining was neither restricted nor enhanced in close proximity of ectopic lymphoid follicles, and neither IL-23 nor IL-17A stimulation induced expression of the ELN-associated CC chemokine ligand, CCL21 and CXC chemokine ligand CXCL13, by FLS. Downstream of IL-23, CD21L expression was significantly associated with IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, but not IL-17A in two independent ST sample sets. Conclusions Synovial ELN in RA is strongly associated with activation of the IL-23 pathway but not with IL-17A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0688-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Cañete
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, c/ Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Celis
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, c/ Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nataliya Yeremenko
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center/Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Raimon Sanmartí
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, c/ Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leonie van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center/Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Julio Ramírez
- Arthritis Unit, Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and IDIBAPS, c/ Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iris Blijdorp
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center/Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carmen M García-Herrero
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I + 12), Avda de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José L Pablos
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I + 12), Avda de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center/Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lund J, Troeberg L, Kjeldal H, Olsen OH, Nagase H, Sørensen ES, Stennicke HR, Petersen HH, Overgaard MT. Evidence for restricted reactivity of ADAMDEC1 with protein substrates and endogenous inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6620-9. [PMID: 25564618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMDEC1 is a proteolytically active metzincin metalloprotease displaying rare active site architecture with a zinc-binding Asp residue (Asp-362). We previously demonstrated that substitution of Asp-362 for a His residue, thereby reconstituting the canonical metzincin zinc-binding environment with three His zinc ligands, increases the proteolytic activity. The protease also has an atypically short domain structure with an odd number of Cys residues in the metalloprotease domain. Here, we investigated how these rare structural features in the ADAMDEC1 metalloprotease domain impact the proteolytic activity, the substrate specificity, and the effect of inhibitors. We identified carboxymethylated transferrin (Cm-Tf) as a new ADAMDEC1 substrate and determined the primary and secondary cleavage sites, which suggests a strong preference for Leu in the P1' position. Cys(392), present in humans but only partially conserved within sequenced ADAMDEC1 orthologs, was found to be unpaired, and substitution of Cys(392) for a Ser increased the reactivity with α2-macroglobulin but not with casein or Cm-Tf. Substitution of Asp(362) for His resulted in a general increase in proteolytic activity and a change in substrate specificity was observed with Cm-Tf. ADAMDEC1 was inhibited by the small molecule inhibitor batimastat but not by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, or the N-terminal inhibitory domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3). However, N-TIMP-3 displayed profound inhibitory activity against the D362H variants with a reconstituted consensus metzincin zinc-binding environment. We hypothesize that these unique features of ADAMDEC1 may have evolved to escape from inhibition by endogenous metalloprotease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lund
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg Oest, Denmark, the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Linda Troeberg
- the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Henrik Kjeldal
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg Oest, Denmark
| | - Ole H Olsen
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Esben S Sørensen
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning R Stennicke
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Helle H Petersen
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg Oest, Denmark,
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Venner JM, Famulski KS, Badr D, Hidalgo LG, Chang J, Halloran PF. Molecular landscape of T cell-mediated rejection in human kidney transplants: prominence of CTLA4 and PD ligands. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2565-76. [PMID: 25219326 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We used expression microarrays to characterize the changes most specific for pure T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) compared to other diseases including antibody-mediated rejection in 703 human kidney transplant biopsies, using a Discovery Set-Validation Set approach. The expression of thousands of transcripts--fold change and association strength--changed in a pattern that was highly conserved between the Discovery and Validation sets, reflecting a hierarchy of T cell signaling, costimulation, antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation and interferon-gamma (IFNG) expression and effects, with weaker associations for inflammasome activation, innate immunity, cytotoxic molecules and parenchymal injury. In cell lines, the transcripts most specific for TCMR were expressed most strongly in effector T cells (e.g. CTLA4, CD28, IFNG), macrophages (e.g. PDL1, CD86, SLAMF8, ADAMDEC1), B cells (e.g. CD72, BTLA) and IFNG-treated macrophages (e.g. ANKRD22, AIM2). In pathway analysis, the top pathways included T cell receptor signaling and CTLA4 costimulation. These results suggest a model in which TCMR creates an inflammatory compartment with a rigorous hierarchy dominated by the proximal aspects of cognate engagement of effector T cell receptor and costimulator triggering by APCs. The prominence of inhibitors like CTLA4 and PDL1 raises the possibility of active negative controls within the rejecting tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Venner
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Inagawa M, Nakajima K, Makino T, Ogawa S, Kojima M, Ito S, Ikenishi A, Hayashi T, Schwartz RJ, Nakamura K, Obayashi T, Tachibana M, Shinkai Y, Maeda K, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Takeuchi T. Histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases, G9a and GLP are essential for cardiac morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2013; 130:519-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lund J, Olsen OH, Sørensen ES, Stennicke HR, Petersen HH, Overgaard MT. ADAMDEC1 is a metzincin metalloprotease with dampened proteolytic activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21367-21375. [PMID: 23754285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMDEC1 (Decysin-1) is a putative ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)-like metalloprotease with an unknown physiological role, selectively expressed in mature dendritic cells and macrophages. When compared with other members of the ADAM family, ADAMDEC1 displays some unusual features. It lacks the auxiliary cysteine-rich, EGF, and transmembrane domains, as well as the cytoplasmic tail. The active site of ADAMDEC1 is unique by being the only mammalian ADAM protease with a non-histidine zinc ligand, having an aspartic acid residue instead. Here we demonstrate that ADAMDEC1, despite these unique features, functions as an active metalloprotease. Thus, ADAMDEC1 is secreted as a mature, glycosylated, and proteolytically active metalloprotease, capable of cleaving macromolecular substrates. In the recombinant form, three of the four potential N-linked glycosylation sites are modified by carbohydrate attachment. Substitution of basic residues at the predicted proprotein convertase cleavage site blocks proprotein processing, revealing both specific ADAMDEC1-dependent and specific ADAMDEC1-independent cleavage of the prodomain. The pro-form of ADAMDEC1 does not have proteolytic activity, demonstrating that the prodomain of ADAMDEC1, like in other members of the ADAM family, confers catalytic latency. Interestingly, the proteolytic activity of mature ADAMDEC1 can be significantly enhanced when a canonical ADAM active site with three zinc-coordinating histidine residues is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lund
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg,; the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Maaloev, and
| | - Ole H Olsen
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Maaloev, and
| | - Esben S Sørensen
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning R Stennicke
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Maaloev, and
| | - Helle H Petersen
- the Department of Haemophilia Biochemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Maaloev, and
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg,.
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Abstract
The 'A-disintegrin and metalloproteinase' (ADAM) and 'A-disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs' (ADAMTS) genes make up two similar, yet distinct, gene families. The human and mouse genomes contain 21 and 24 putatively functional protein-coding ADAM genes, respectively, and 24 versus 32 putatively functional protein-coding ADAMTS genes, respectively. Analysis of evolutionary divergence shows that both families are unique. Each of the two families can be separated, if need be, into groups of more closely related members: six subfamilies for ADAM, four subfamilies for ADAMTS. The presence of both disintegrin and peptidase domains within the ADAM and ADAMTS proteins implies multiple biological roles within the cell. Membrane-anchored ADAM proteins are best known for their role in activating zymogens -- including tumour necrosis factor-α, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). ADAM proteins can also participate in cell adhesion via their interaction with integrins in neighbouring cells. ADAMTS are secreted proteins that participate in extracellular matrix maintenance by way of their cleavage of procollagen and proteoglycans. ADAMTS proteins also are involved in coagulation by cleaving von Willibrand factor precursor protein. ADAM and ADAMTS proteins participate in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell adhesion and migration, ectodomain shedding, proteolysis, development, ovulation and angiogenesis. Because these enzymes are believed to play an important role in a number of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma and cancer progression, the products of the ADAM and ADAMTS genes represent promising drug targets for the prevention and management of a number of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Brocker
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Tschetter JR, Blikslager AT, Little D, Howard RD, Woody SL, Beex LM, Crisman MV. Detection of differentially regulated genes in ischaemic equine intestinal mucosa. Equine Vet J 2010; 37:319-24. [PMID: 16028620 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054529382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Colic is a serious disease syndrome in horses. Much of the mortality is associated with ischaemic-injured intestine during strangulating obstruction, yet there is limited understanding of the associated molecular events. Identification of differentially expressed genes during ischaemic injury should expand our understanding of colic and may lead to novel targeted therapeutic approaches in the future. OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify differentially expressed genes in equine jejunum following a 2 h ischaemic event compared to normally perfused jejunum. METHODS Suppressive subtractive hybridisation was used to clone genes that are differentially expressed in equine jejunum injured by 2 h of complete ischaemia as compared to time-matched control jejunal tissues. Expression of selected clones was further evaluated by northern blot analysis. RESULTS Of the 384 clones selected, 157 were confirmed to possess cDNAs corresponding differentially expressed genes by dot blot analysis. Two genes, fatty acid binding protein 2 and calcium-activated chloride channel 4 were further confirmed to be differentially expressed by northern blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Suppressive subtractive hybridisation can be used to detect changes in expression of a broad array of genes, as confirmed by northern blot analysis of selected genes. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE These initial results have identified a pool of equine intestinal epithelial genes that are differentially expressed following a 2 h ischaemic event. In particular, genes indicative of deranged metabolic activity and those potentially involved in early repair events were identified and may ultimately provide clues as to the nature of epithelial ischaemic injury in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Tschetter
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Gundacker NC, Haudek VJ, Wimmer H, Slany A, Griss J, Bochkov V, Zielinski C, Wagner O, Stöckl J, Gerner C. Cytoplasmic proteome and secretome profiles of differently stimulated human dendritic cells. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2799-811. [PMID: 19351150 DOI: 10.1021/pr8011039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent and specialized antigen-presenting cells, play a key role in the regulation of the adaptive immunity. Immature DCs were generated by in vitro culturing of peripheral blood monocytes and functionally activated with the classical pathogen-associated molecular pattern lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Alternative activation resulting in Th-2 polarization was induced with lipid oxidation products derived from 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholin (OxPAPC). Tolerogenic cells were obtained by treating DCs with human rhinovirus (HRV). The aim of this study was the identification of proteome profiles related to the functionally different dendritic cell phenotypes. Cytoplasmic proteins were analyzed by shotgun proteomics resulting in the identification of 1690 proteins. While mature and alternatively activated DCs displayed highly distinct protein expression profiles, HRV-treated DCs showed minor proteome alterations. As DCs exert many specific functions via secretion, we investigated the secretomes by a combination of 2D-PAGE and shotgun proteomics. We successfully identified a broad variety of cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta, 6, 12 beta, 28B and 29), chemokines (e.g., CCL3, 5, 8, 17, 18, 19, 24, CXCL1, 2, 9 and 10) and growth factors (growth/differentiation factor 8, C-type lectin domain family 11 member A). The relative composition of secretome profiles, although comprising much less proteins, was found to be much more affected by functional alteration of cells than the cytoplasmic protein composition. In conclusion, we demonstrate that functional distinct subsets of DCs display distinct proteome profiles which comprise biomarker candidates. These proteins may prove useful for the interpretation of complex clinical proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Gundacker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Crouser ED, Culver DA, Knox KS, Julian MW, Shao G, Abraham S, Liyanarachchi S, Macre JE, Wewers MD, Gavrilin MA, Ross P, Abbas A, Eng C. Gene expression profiling identifies MMP-12 and ADAMDEC1 as potential pathogenic mediators of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:929-38. [PMID: 19218196 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200803-490oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Little is known about the genetic regulation of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis. OBJECTIVES To determine if tissue gene array analysis would identify novel genes engaged in inflammation and lung remodeling in patients with sarcoidosis. METHODS Gene expression analysis was performed on tissues obtained from patients with sarcoidosis at the time of diagnosis (untreated) (n = 6) compared with normal lung tissue (n = 6). Expression of select genes was further confirmed in lung tissue from a second series of patients with sarcoidosis and disease-free control subjects (n = 11 per group) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Interactive gene networks were identified in patients with sarcoidosis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Inc., Redwood, CA) software. The expression of proteins corresponding to selected overexpressed genes was determined using fluorokine multiplex analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Selected genes and proteins were then analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an independent series of patients with sarcoidosis (n = 36) and control subjects (n = 12). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A gene network engaged in Th1-type responses was most significantly overexpressed in the sarcoidosis lung tissues, including genes not previously reported in the context of sarcoidosis (e.g., IL-7). MMP-12 and ADAMDEC1 transcripts were most highly expressed (> 25-fold) in sarcoidosis lung tissues, corresponding with increased protein expression by immunohistochemistry. MMP-12 and ADAMDEC1 gene and protein expression were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with sarcoidosis, correlating with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Tissue gene expression analyses provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. MMP-12 and ADAMDEC1 emerge as likely mediators of lung damage and/or remodeling and may serve as markers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D Crouser
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1252, USA.
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Macartney-Coxson DP, Hood KA, Shi HJ, Ward T, Wiles A, O'Connor R, Hall DA, Lea RA, Royds JA, Stubbs RS, Rooker S. Metastatic susceptibility locus, an 8p hot-spot for tumour progression disrupted in colorectal liver metastases: 13 candidate genes examined at the DNA, mRNA and protein level. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:187. [PMID: 18590575 PMCID: PMC2488356 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mortality from colorectal cancer is mainly due to metastatic liver disease. Improved understanding of the molecular events underlying metastasis is crucial for the development of new methods for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. Loss of chromosome 8p is frequently seen in colorectal cancer and implicated in later stage disease and metastasis, although a single metastasis suppressor gene has yet to be identified. We therefore examined 8p for genes involved in colorectal cancer progression. Methods Loss of heterozygosity analyses were used to map genetic loss in colorectal liver metastases. Candidate genes in the region of loss were investigated in clinical samples from 44 patients, including 6 with matched colon normal, colon tumour and liver metastasis. We investigated gene disruption at the level of DNA, mRNA and protein using a combination of mutation, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Results We mapped a 2 Mb region of 8p21-22 with loss of heterozygosity in 73% of samples; 8/11 liver metastasis samples had loss which was not present in the corresponding matched primary colon tumour. 13 candidate genes were identified for further analysis. Both up and down-regulation of 8p21-22 gene expression was associated with metastasis. ADAMDEC1 mRNA and protein expression decreased during both tumourigenesis and tumour progression. Increased STC1 and LOXL2 mRNA expression occurred during tumourigenesis. Liver metastases with low DcR1/TNFRSF10C mRNA expression were more likely to present with extrahepatic metastases (p = 0.005). A novel germline truncating mutation of DR5/TNFRSF10B was identified, and DR4/TNFRSF10A SNP rs4872077 was associated with the development of liver metastases (p = 0.02). Conclusion Our data confirm that genes on 8p21-22 are dysregulated during colorectal cancer progression. Interestingly, however, instead of harbouring a single candidate colorectal metastasis suppressor 8p21-22 appears to be a hot-spot for tumour progression, encoding at least 13 genes with a putative role in carcinoma development. Thus, we propose that this region of 8p comprises a metastatic susceptibility locus involved in tumour progression whose disruption increases metastatic potential.
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Korthals M, Safaian N, Kronenwett R, Maihöfer D, Schott M, Papewalis C, Diaz Blanco E, Winter M, Czibere A, Haas R, Kobbe G, Fenk R. Monocyte derived dendritic cells generated by IFN-alpha acquire mature dendritic and natural killer cell properties as shown by gene expression analysis. J Transl Med 2007; 5:46. [PMID: 17894866 PMCID: PMC2064912 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines can induce antitumor immune responses in patients with malignant diseases, while the most suitable DC culture conditions have not been established yet. In this study we compared monocyte derived human DC from conventional cultures containing GM-CSF and IL-4/TNF-alpha (IL-4/TNF-DC) with DC generated by the novel protocol using GM-CSF and IFN-alpha (IFN-DC). METHODS To characterise the molecular differences of both DC preparations, gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. The data were conformed on a protein level by immunophenotyping, and functional tests for T cell stimulation, migration and cytolytic activity were performed. RESULTS Both methods resulted in CD11c+ CD86+ HLA-DR+ cells with a typical DC morphology that could efficiently stimulate T cells. But gene expression profiling revealed two distinct DC populations. Whereas IL-4/TNF-DC showed a higher expression of genes envolved in phagocytosis IFN-DC had higher RNA levels for markers of DC maturity and migration to the lymph nodes like DCLAMP, CCR7 and CD49d. This different orientation of both DC populations was confined by a 2.3 fold greater migration in transwell experiments (p = 0.01). Most interestingly, IFN-DC also showed higher RNA levels for markers of NK cells such as TRAIL, granzymes, KLRs and other NK cell receptors. On a protein level, intracytoplasmatic TRAIL and granzyme B were observed in 90% of IFN-DC. This translated into a cytolytic activity against K562 cells with a median specific lysis of 26% at high effector cell numbers as determined by propidium iodide uptake, whereas IL-4/TNF-DC did not induce any tumor cell lysis (p = 0.006). Thus, IFN-DC combined characteristics of mature DC and natural killer cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IFN-DC not only stimulate adaptive but also mediate innate antitumor immune responses. Therefore, IFN-DC should be evaluated in clinical vaccination trials. In particular, this could be relevant for patients with diseases responsive to a treatment with IFN-alpha such as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Korthals
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nancy Safaian
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Kronenwett
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics GmbH, Molecular Research Germany, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Maihöfer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Papewalis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Diaz Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike Winter
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Akos Czibere
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Ahuja J, Kampani K, Datta S, Wigdahl B, Flaig KE, Jain P. Use of human antigen presenting cell gene array profiling to examine the effect of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax on primary human dendritic cells. J Neurovirol 2006; 12:47-59. [PMID: 16595374 DOI: 10.1080/13550280600614981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is etiologically linked to adult T-cell leukemia and a progressive demyelinating disorder termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). One of the most striking features of the immune response in HAM/TSP centers on the expansion of HTLV-1-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) compartment in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. More than 90% of the HTLV-1-specific CTLs are directed against the viral Tax (11-19) peptide implying that Tax is available for immune recognition by antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). DCs obtained from HAM/TSP patients have been shown to be infected with HTLV-1 and exhibit rapid maturation. Therefore, we hypothesized that presentation of Tax peptides by activated DCs to naIve CD8(+) T cells may play an important role in the induction of a Tax-specific CTL response and neurologic dysfunction. In this study, a pathway-specific antigen presenting cell gene array was used to study transcriptional changes induced by exposure of monocyte-derived DCs to extracellular HTLV-1 Tax protein. Approximately 100 genes were differentially expressed including genes encoding toll-like receptors, cell surface receptors, proteins involved in antigen uptake and presentation and adhesion molecules. The differential regulation of chemokines and cytokines characteristic of functional DC activation was also observed by the gene array analyses. Furthermore, the expression pattern of signal transduction genes was also significantly altered. These results have suggested that Tax-mediated DC gene regulation might play a critical role in cellular activation and the mechanisms resulting in HTLV-1-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Ahuja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Center for Molecular Virology and Neuroimmunology, Center for Cancer Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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24
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Mannick EE, Cote RL, Schurr JR, Krowicka HS, Sloop GD, Zapata-Velandia A, Correa H, Ruiz B, Horswell R, Lentz JJ, Byrne P, Gastanaduy MM, Hornick CA, Liu Z. Altered phenotype of dextran sulfate sodium colitis in interferon regulatory factor-1 knock-out mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:371-80. [PMID: 15740479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor with antiviral, proinflammatory and tumor suppressor properties. We examined the role of IRF-1 in dextran sulfate sodium colitis, a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, to determine if absence of the gene would protect against colitis. METHODS C57BL/6J mice with a targeted disruption of IRF-1 and wild-type C57BL/6J controls received five 7-day cycles of 2% dextran sulfate sodium alternating with five 7-day cycles of water. Colonic tissue was formalin fixed for histological analysis and total RNA extracted for gene chip and SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed increased distortion of crypt architecture in the dextran sulfate sodium-treated, IRF-1 -/- animals as compared to dextran sulfate sodium-treated wild-type animals. Five of 15 dextran sulfate sodium-treated IRF-1 -/- mice, but only one of 14 dextran sulfate sodium-treated wild-type mice, developed colonic dysplasia. Microarray analysis comparing colonic gene expression in IRF-1 -/- and wild-type animals revealed decreased expression of caspases, genes involved in antigen presentation, and tumor suppressor genes in the IRF-1 -/- animals. Increased expression of genes involved in carcinogenesis and immunoglobulin and complement genes was also noted in the knock-out animals. CONCLUSIONS Absence of IRF-1 is not protective in dextran sulfate sodium colitis.
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Bianchi F, Hu J, Pelosi G, Cirincione R, Ferguson M, Ratcliffe C, Di Fiore PP, Gatter K, Pezzella F, Pastorino U. Lung cancers detected by screening with spiral computed tomography have a malignant phenotype when analyzed by cDNA microarray. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:6023-8. [PMID: 15447986 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spiral computed tomography (CT) can detect lung cancer at an early stage, but the malignant potential is unknown. The question is, as follows: do these small lesions have the same lethal potential as do symptomatic tumors? EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a cDNA microarray platform and compared the gene expression profile of spiral CT-detected lung carcinomas with a matched case-control population of patients presenting with symptomatic lung cancer. RESULTS CT-detected and symptomatic tumors have shown a comparable gene expression profile. Correspondence analysis has demonstrated that nine genes were differentially expressed, although with a high variability across the samples that prevented distinguishing the two groups of tumors. Analysis of these nine genes has suggested that early-detected tumors have higher levels of retinoic acid production and higher expression levels of caveolin 2, matrix Gla, and cystatin A, which are already known to be lost during tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS All of the tumors observed are histologically malignant according to the WHO Classification. Early lung cancers that are detected by screening have a gene expression pattern similar to, but not identical to, that of symptomatic lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Research UK Tumor Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dogra N, Breuil C. Suppressive subtractive hybridization and differential screening identified genes differentially expressed in yeast and mycelial forms of Ophiostoma piceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The cardinal role of dendritic cells (DC) in priming adaptive immunity and in orchestrating immune responses against all classes of pathogens and also against tumors is well established. Their unique potential both to maintain self-tolerance and to initiate protective immune responses against foreign and/or dangerous structures is based on the functional diversity and flexibility of these cells. Tissue DC lining antigenic portals such as mucosal surfaces and the skin are specialized to take up a wide array of compounds including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glycolipids and oligonucleotides, particles carrying such structures and apoptotic or necrotic cells. This process is facilitated by specialized receptors with high endocytic capacity, which provides potential targets for delivering designed molecules. The best route for targeting B- and/or T cell epitopes, however, is still the subject of intense investigation. Immature DC, which reside in various tissues, can be activated by pathogens, stress and inflammation or modified metabolic products, which induce mobilization of cells to draining lymph nodes where they act as highly potent professional antigen presenting cells. This is brought about by the ability to present their accumulated intracellular content for both CD4+ helper (Th) and CD8+ cytotoxic/cytolytic T lymphocytes (Tc/CTL). Engulfed proteins are processed intracellularly and their peptide fragments are transported to the cell surface in the context of major histocompatibility complex encoded class I and II molecules for presentation to Th cells and CTLs, respectively. The T cell priming capacity of DC, however, depends not only on antigen presentation but also on other features of DC. Human monocyte-derived DC provide an excellent tool to study the internalizing, antigen-presenting and T cell-activating functions of DC at their immature and activated differentiation states. These biological activities of DC, however, are highly dependent on their migratory potential from the peripheral non-lymphoid tissues to the lymph nodes, on the expression of adhesion molecules, which support the interaction of DC with T lymphocytes, and the cytokines secreted by DC, which polarize immune responses to Th1-mediated cellular or Th2-mediated antibody responses. These results altogether demonstrate that monocyte-derived DC are useful candidates for in vitro or in vivo targeting of antigens to induce efficient adaptive immune responses against pathogens and also against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Gogolák
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Blvd, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
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Fritsche J, Müller A, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Andreesen R, Kreutz M. Inverse regulation of the ADAM-family members, decysin and MADDAM/ADAM19 during monocyte differentiation. Immunology 2004; 110:450-7. [PMID: 14632642 PMCID: PMC1783081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)-family, MADDAM and decysin, were described as dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers. We are interested in monocyte differentiation and investigated in particular the expression pattern of both genes during the differentiation of human monocytes into DC and macrophages (MAC). Both genes are weakly expressed in freshly isolated monocytes. In immature DC decysin mRNA was absent, even after induction of the terminal differentiation of DC by CD40L or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Only in DC maturated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) strong signals of decysin mRNA were detected. However, MADDAM mRNA was expressed in immature DC and the expression was markedly increased after induction of the terminal DC differentiation by various stimuli. In contrast, MAC showed a high constitutive decysin mRNA expression, but expressed no MADDAM mRNA. On protein level similar results of MADDAM expression were obtained. Stimulation of MAC by LPS did not induce MADDAM mRNA expression, while decysin mRNA expression was strongly increased. Further investigations revealed that the well-known inducer of MAC differentiation, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulated decysin mRNA expression during the differentiation of primary monocytes and myelomonocytic THP-1 cells into MAC. In vivo decysin mRNA expression was only detected in human colon, but not in other tissues we examined. Accordingly, isolated intestinal MAC expressed decysin mRNA. In conclusion, decysin and MADDAM mRNA expression were regulated in an opposite way during monocyte differentiation: MADDAM mRNA and protein was mainly detected in DC, whereas decysin mRNA expression was mainly found in MAC. Therefore only MADDAM, but not decysin is a suitable marker for human monocyte-derived DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fritsche
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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29
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Fritsche J, Müller A, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Andreesen R, Kreutz M. Inverse regulation of the ADAM-family members, decysin and MADDAM/ADAM19 during monocyte differentiation. Immunology 2004. [PMID: 14632642 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)-family, MADDAM and decysin, were described as dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers. We are interested in monocyte differentiation and investigated in particular the expression pattern of both genes during the differentiation of human monocytes into DC and macrophages (MAC). Both genes are weakly expressed in freshly isolated monocytes. In immature DC decysin mRNA was absent, even after induction of the terminal differentiation of DC by CD40L or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Only in DC maturated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) strong signals of decysin mRNA were detected. However, MADDAM mRNA was expressed in immature DC and the expression was markedly increased after induction of the terminal DC differentiation by various stimuli. In contrast, MAC showed a high constitutive decysin mRNA expression, but expressed no MADDAM mRNA. On protein level similar results of MADDAM expression were obtained. Stimulation of MAC by LPS did not induce MADDAM mRNA expression, while decysin mRNA expression was strongly increased. Further investigations revealed that the well-known inducer of MAC differentiation, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulated decysin mRNA expression during the differentiation of primary monocytes and myelomonocytic THP-1 cells into MAC. In vivo decysin mRNA expression was only detected in human colon, but not in other tissues we examined. Accordingly, isolated intestinal MAC expressed decysin mRNA. In conclusion, decysin and MADDAM mRNA expression were regulated in an opposite way during monocyte differentiation: MADDAM mRNA and protein was mainly detected in DC, whereas decysin mRNA expression was mainly found in MAC. Therefore only MADDAM, but not decysin is a suitable marker for human monocyte-derived DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fritsche
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
More than 300 separated actions have been attributed to prolactin (PRL), which could be correlated to the quasi-ubiquitous distribution of its receptor. Null mutation of the PRL receptor (PRLR) gene leads to female sterility caused by a failure of embryo implantation. Using the PRLR knockout mouse model and the mRNA differential display method, among 45 isolated genes, we identified UA+4 as a PRL and steroids-target gene during the peri-implantation period that encodes the decysin. Hormonally regulated in the uterus during pregnancy, this new member of disintegrin metalloproteinase is present in the uterus at the site of blastocyst apposition in nondifferentiated stromal cells at the antimesometrial pole and, interestingly, is colocalized with the PRLR. At midpregnancy, decysin expression persists specifically at the foeto-maternal junction around vessels. Although it has been previously suggested that decysin expression is related to immune function, its function during pregnancy remains to be clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Baran
- INSERM Unité 344, Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Necker, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Schotte R, Rissoan MC, Bendriss-Vermare N, Bridon JM, Duhen T, Weijer K, Brière F, Spits H. The transcription factor Spi-B is expressed in plasmacytoid DC precursors and inhibits T-, B-, and NK-cell development. Blood 2003; 101:1015-23. [PMID: 12393575 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also called type 2 dendritic cell precursors or natural interferon (IFN)-producing cells, represent a cell type with distinctive phenotypic and functional features. They are present in the thymus and probably share a common precursor with T and natural killer (NK) cells. In an effort to identify genes that control pDC development we searched for genes of which the expression is restricted to human pDC using a cDNA subtraction technique with activated monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) as competitor. We identified the transcription factor Spi-B to be expressed in pDCs but not in Mo-DCs. Spi-B expression in pDCs was maintained on in vitro maturation of pDCs. Spi-B was expressed in early CD34(+)CD38(-) hematopoietic progenitors and in CD34(+)CD1a(-) thymic precursors. Spi-B expression is down-regulated when uncommitted CD34(+)CD1a(-) thymic precursors differentiate into committed CD34(+)CD1a(+) pre-T cells. Overexpression of Spi-B in hematopoietic progenitor cells resulted in inhibition of development of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, development of progenitor cells into B and NK cells in vitro was also inhibited by Spi-B overexpression. Our results indicate that Spi-B is involved in the control of pDC development by limiting the capacity of progenitor cells to develop into other lymphoid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Schotte
- Division of Immunology of the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Chen XL, Varner SE, Rao AS, Grey JY, Thomas S, Cook CK, Wasserman MA, Medford RM, Jaiswal AK, Kunsch C. Laminar flow induction of antioxidant response element-mediated genes in endothelial cells. A novel anti-inflammatory mechanism. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:703-11. [PMID: 12370194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions preferentially develop in areas of the vasculature exposed to nonlaminar blood flow and low fluid shear stress, whereas laminar flow and high fluid shear stress are athero-protective. We have identified a set of genes including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), ferritin (heavy and light chains), microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, whose expression is induced by exposure to prolonged physiological levels of steady laminar flow (shear stress = 20 dyn/cm(2)) in endothelial cells (EC). These genes contain an antioxidant response element (ARE) or ARE-like transcriptional regulatory sequence in their promoters and generally function to protect cells against oxidant stress. We demonstrate that exposure of EC to laminar flow activates ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Mutation of the ARE from either the NQO1 or HO-1 promoter abolished laminar flow-induced NQO1 and HO-1 transcriptional activation. Expression of antisense Nrf2 (a transcriptional factor for ARE), a dominant negative Nrf2, or the cytoplasmic inhibitor of Nrf2 (Keap1/INrf2) inhibited laminar flow-induced NQO1 promoter activation in EC. In addition, expression of NQO1 or Nrf2 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) gene expression in EC. These data define the ARE as a novel endothelial shear stress response element. Furthermore, laminar flow activation of antioxidant genes via an ARE-dependent transcriptional mechanism may represent a novel athero-protective and anti-inflammatory mechanism in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Chen
- Discovery Research, AtheroGenics, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, USA.
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Rissoan MC, Duhen T, Bridon JM, Bendriss-Vermare N, Péronne C, de Saint Vis B, Brière F, Bates EEM. Subtractive hybridization reveals the expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript 7, Eph-B1, granzyme B, and 3 novel transcripts in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 2002; 100:3295-303. [PMID: 12384430 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in humans have highlighted the importance of a distinct cellular entity, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC). To identify genes for which expression is restricted to human PDCs, a cDNA subtraction technique was applied using cDNA from activated monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) as competitor. In the 650 sequences analyzed, 25% were for B-cell transcripts. We also found lymphoid-related genes, immunoglobulinlike transcript 7 (ILT7), granzyme B (GrB), Spi-B, and the receptor tyrosine kinase Eph-B1. Granzyme B was up-regulated on activation, and protein was detected only in PDCs. Eph-B1 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of PDCs and MDDCs, respectively. Interestingly, several novel molecules have been identified that were predicted to encode for a type 2 transmembrane protein (BRI(3)), a putative cytokine (C-15, a cysteine-rich-secreted protein), and a type 1 leucine-rich repeat protein (MAPA). The identification of genes expressed in PDCs provides new insights into their function and origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Clotilde Rissoan
- Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, 27 Chemin des Peupliers, BP11, 69571 Dardilly, France
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Cutrona G, Tasso P, Dono M, Roncella S, Ulivi M, Carpaneto EM, Fontana V, Comis M, Morabito F, Spinelli M, Frascella E, Boffa LC, Basso G, Pistoia V, Ferrarini M. CD10 is a marker for cycling cells with propensity to apoptosis in childhood ALL. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1776-85. [PMID: 12087466 PMCID: PMC2375395 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2002] [Accepted: 03/27/2002] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD10 constitutes a favourable prognostic marker for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Since correlations between CD10, cell cycle and apoptotic abilities were demonstrated in various cell types, we investigated whether differences existed in the cycling/apoptotic abilities of CD10-positive and CD10-negative B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. Twenty-eight cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (mean age of 6.8 years) were subdivided into two groups according to high (17 cases, 93.2+/-4.5%, MRFI 211+/-82 CD10-positive cells) or low (11 cases, 11.5+/-6.2%, MRFI 10+/-7 CD10-negative cells) expression of CD10. CD10-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells were cycling cells with elevated c-myc levels and propensity to apoptosis, whereas CD10-negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells had lower cycling capacities and c-myc levels, and were resistant to apoptosis in vitro. A close correlation between all these properties was demonstrated by the observations that the few CD10-positive cells found in the CD10-negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia group displayed elevated c-myc and cycling capacities and were apoptosis prone. Moreover, exposure of CD10-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia B cells to a peptide nucleic acid anti-gene specific for the second exon of c-myc caused inhibition of c-myc expression and reduced cell cycling and apoptotic abilities as well as decreased CD10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cutrona
- Servizi di Immunologia Clinica, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, IST, Genoa, Italy, and Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
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Baran N, Kelly PA, Binart N. Characterization of a prolactin-regulated gene in reproductive tissues using the prolactin receptor knockout mouse model. Biol Reprod 2002; 66:1210-8. [PMID: 11906943 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) exerts pleiotropic physiological effects in various cells and tissues, although it is mainly considered as a regulator of reproduction and cell growth. Null mutation of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene leads to female sterility due to a failure of embryo implantation. Using this mouse model and the method of mRNA differential display, we identified PRL target genes that are regulated during the peri-implantation period. We characterized 1 among the 45 isolated genes, UA-3, which is regulated in the uterus as well as in the ovary during early pregnancy. This gene corresponds to a P311 mouse cDNA that was originally identified for its high expression in late-stage embryonic brain and adult cerebellum. We report here that UA-3 is present in numerous tissues as well as in ovary and uterus at the site of blastocyst apposition, and that its expression is hormonally regulated. Moreover, in situ hybridization reveals high expression in ovarian granulosa cells and in uterine epithelium. Recently, it has been suggested that P311 expression is tightly regulated at several levels by mechanisms that control cellular growth, transformation, motility, or a combination of these. Taken together, these results suggest that P311 could be involved in these processes during pregnancy, although its function remains to be clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Baran
- INSERM Unité 344, Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants Malades, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) network is a specialized system for presenting antigen to naive or quiescent T cells, and consequently plays a central role in the induction of T cell and B cell immunity in vivo. Despite considerable achievements in the last ten years, in our understanding of how DC induce and regulate immune responses, much remains to be learned about this complex system of cells. The history and current status of DC termed "directors of the immune system orchestra" is reviewed. The present understanding of DC cell biology, function and use, taking into account their complexity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi H C Makala
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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37
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Mueller CG, Cremer I, Paulet PE, Niida S, Maeda N, Lebeque S, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C. Mannose receptor ligand-positive cells express the metalloprotease decysin in the B cell follicle. J Immunol 2001; 167:5052-60. [PMID: 11673514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decysin, a gene encoding a disintegrin metalloprotease, is transcribed in human dendritic cells (DC) and germinal centers (GC). We have cloned its murine homologue and show that it is processed by the endoprotease furin before secretion of the catalytic domain. We have defined the cell types that express decysin in mouse spleen in the course of an immune response to T cell-dependent Ags. Like in humans, decysin is transcribed by activated CD11c(+) DC that enter the T cell zone from the marginal zone (MZ). In the GC, decysin is expressed by follicular DC and tingible body macrophages. In addition, a MZ cell population expresses decysin and appears to migrate into the B cell follicle. The majority of these follicle-homing cells express the mannose receptor ligand, a marker for the macrophage-like MZ metallophils. The follicle-homing cells are M-CSF dependent, as they are absent in op/op mice that lack functional M-CSF. This suggests that mannose receptor ligand(+) MZ metallophils differentiate into cells that migrate from the MZ into the B cell follicle. Decysin represents the first marker for this previously unrecognized cell population of the mouse spleen, which may represent a precursor for GCDC and may be specialized in the transport of unprocessed Ag from the MZ into developing GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Mueller
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 255, Centre de Recherches Biomedicales des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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38
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Abstract
To better define Abd-B type homeodomain function, to test models that predict functional equivalence of all Hox genes and to initiate a search for the downstream targets of Hoxa13, we have performed a homeobox swap by replacing the homeobox of the Hoxa11 gene with that of theHoxa13 gene. The Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 genes are contiguous Abd-B type genes located at the 5′ end of the HoxA cluster. The modified Hoxa11 allele (A1113hd)showed near wild-type function in the development of the kidneys, axial skeleton and male reproductive tract, consistent with functional equivalence models. In the limbs and female reproductive tract, however, theA1113hd allele appeared to assume dominant Hoxa13function. The uterus, in particular, showed a striking homeotic transformation towards cervix/vagina, where Hoxa13 is normally expressed. Gene chips were used to create a molecular portrait of this tissue conversion and revealed over 100 diagnostic gene expression changes. This work identifies candidate downstream targets of the Hoxa13 gene and demonstrates that even contiguous Abd-B homeoboxes have functional specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
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39
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Lu L, Bonham CA, Liang X, Chen Z, Li W, Wang L, Watkins SC, Nalesnik MA, Schlissel MS, Demestris AJ, Fung JJ, Qian S. Liver-derived DEC205+B220+CD19- dendritic cells regulate T cell responses. J Immunol 2001; 166:7042-52. [PMID: 11390448 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes resident in the liver may play a role in immune responses. We describe a cell population propagated from mouse liver nonparenchymal cells in IL-3 and anti-CD40 mAb that exhibits a distinct surface immunophenotype and function in directing differentiation of naive allogeneic T cells. After culture, such cells are DEC-205(bright)B220+CD11c-CD19-, and negative for T (CD3, CD4, CD8alpha), NK (NK 1.1) cell markers, and myeloid Ags (CD11b, CD13, CD14). These liver-derived DEC205+B220+ CD19- cells have a morphology and migratory capacity similar to dendritic cells. Interestingly, they possess Ig gene rearrangements, but lack Ig molecule expression on the cell surface. They induce low thymidine uptake of allogeneic T cells in MLR due to extensive apoptosis of activated T cells. T cell proliferation is restored by addition of the common caspase inhibitor peptide, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk). T cells stimulated by liver-derived DEC205+B220+D19- cells release both IL-10 and IFN-gamma, small amounts of TGF-beta, and no IL-2 or IL-4, a cytokine profile resembling T regulatory type 1 cells. Expression of IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but not bioactive IL-12 in liver DEC205+B220+CD19- cells was demonstrated by RNase protection assay. In vivo administration of liver DEC205+B220+CD19- cells significantly prolonged the survival of vascularized cardiac allografts in an alloantigen-specific manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, CD19/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Heart Transplantation/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/biosynthesis
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/classification
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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40
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Cal S, Arguelles JM, Fernandez PL, López-Otín C. Identification, characterization, and intracellular processing of ADAM-TS12, a novel human disintegrin with a complex structural organization involving multiple thrombospondin-1 repeats. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:17932-40. [PMID: 11279086 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100534200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified and cloned a human fetal lung cDNA encoding a new protein of the ADAM-TS family (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain, with thrombospondin type-1 modules) that has been called ADAM-TS12. This protein exhibits a domain organization similar to the remaining family members including a propeptide and metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, and cysteine-rich domains. However, the number and organization of the TS repeats is unique with respect to other human ADAM-TSs. A total of eight TS-1 repeats arranged in three groups are present in this novel ADAM-TS. Analysis of intracellular processing of ADAM-TS12 revealed that it is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is first activated by cleavage of the prodomain in a furin-mediated process and subsequently processed into two fragments of different size: a 120-kDa N-terminal proteolytically active fragment containing the metalloproteinase and disintegrin domains, and a 83-kDa C-terminal fragment containing most of the TS-1 repeats. Somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid mapping experiments showed that the human ADAM-TS12 gene maps to 5q35, a location that differs from all ADAM genes mapped to date. Northern blot analysis of RNAs from human adult and fetal tissues demonstrated that ADAM-TS12 transcripts are only detected at significant levels in fetal lung but not in any other analyzed tissues. In addition, ADAM-TS12 transcripts were detected in gastric carcinomas and in tumor cell lines from diverse sources, being induced by transforming growth factor-beta in KMST human fibroblasts. These data suggest that ADAM-TS12 may play roles in pulmonary cells during fetal development or in tumor processes through its proteolytic activity or as a molecule potentially involved in regulation of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cal
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo and Servicio de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Clinico-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Bendriss-Vermare N, Barthélémy C, Durand I, Bruand C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Moulian N, Berrih-Aknin S, Caux C, Trinchieri G, Brière F. Human thymus contains IFN-alpha-producing CD11c(-), myeloid CD11c(+), and mature interdigitating dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:835-44. [PMID: 11285302 PMCID: PMC199577 DOI: 10.1172/jci11734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets capable of stimulating allogeneic naive T cells were isolated from human thymus. The most abundant subset was represented by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which secreted high amounts of IFN-alpha upon stimulation with inactivated influenza virus and thus likely correspond to the recently identified peripheral blood natural IFN-alpha/beta-producing cells (IPCs). Like those latter cells, thymic pDCs had distinctive phenotypic features (i.e., Lin(-), HLA-DR(int), IL-3R alpha(hi), CD45RA(hi), CD11c(-), CD13(-), and CD33(lo)) and developed into mature DCs upon culture in IL-3 and CD40L. Of the two other DC subsets, one displayed a phenotype of immature myeloid DCs (imDCs) (HLA-DR(int), CD11c(+), CD13(+), CD33(+)), and the other represented HLA-DR(hi) CD11c(+) mature DCs (mDCs). Since they also expressed DC-LAMP, these mDCs appear to correspond to interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs). Thymic pDCs, but not myeloid imDCs, strongly expressed lymphoid-specific transcripts such as pre-T alpha, lambda-like, and Spi-B, thereby suggesting a possible lymphoid origin. The detection of Spi-B mRNA, not only upon in vitro maturation of pDCs, but also in freshly purified IDCs, suggests that in vivo pDCs may differentiate into IDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bendriss-Vermare
- Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Dardilly, France
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42
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Abstract
In this study, 2 distinct populations of mature dendritic cells (DCs) were identified in the human thymus. The major population is CD11b-, CD11c+, and CD45RO(low) and does not express myeloid-related markers. It displays all the characteristics of mature DCs with a typical dendritic morphology, high surface levels of HLA-DR, CD40, CD83, and CD86, and expression of DC-lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA). In addition, CD11b- thymic DCs do not express macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) mRNA, but express thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK) mRNA and are able to secrete bioactive interleukin 12 (IL-12) upon stimulation. In contrast, the minor and variable thymic DC population is CD11b+, CD11c(high), and CD45RO(high) and comprises CD83+CD14- mature and CD83- CD14+ immature DCs. It expresses macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor, MIP-1alpha mRNA and high amounts of decysin mRNA after CD40 activation, but does not express TECK and is a weak bioactive IL-12 producer. Also identified were the IL-3Ralpha(high) plasmacytoid cells, which are present in the thymic cortex and medulla. Upon culture with IL-3, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and CD40 ligand, the plasmacytoid cells can adopt a phenotype resembling that of freshly isolated CD11b- thymic DCs. However, these plasmacytoid-derived DCs fail to secrete bioactive IL-12; therefore, conclusions cannot be made about a direct relation between thymic plasmacytoid cells and CD11b- DCs. Whereas CD11b+ thymic DCs appear to be related to tonsillar germinal-center DCs, the major CD11b- IL-12-secreting human thymus DC population has similarities to mouse CD11b- CD8+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vandenabeele
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, 3050 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Grammer
- Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Hartgers
- Dept of Tumorimmunology, University Medical Center St Radboud,., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Kornbluth
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
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46
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Fritsche J, Moser M, Faust S, Peuker A, Büttner R, Andreesen R, Kreutz M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human metalloprotease disintegrin— a novel marker for dendritic cell differentiation. Blood 2000; 96:732-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.2.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25- [OH]2VD3) modulates the differentiation of monocytic cell lines and monocytes (MOs) in vitro. Up to now several target genes of 1,25(OH)2VD3have been described in monocytic cell lines; however, little is known about target genes in primary MOs. With the Differential Display technique, we found a transcript up-regulated by 1,25(OH)2VD3 in short-term cultured human blood MOs, which we called MADDAM (metalloprotease and disintegrin dendritic antigen marker; EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ accession no. Y13786). Northern blot analysis confirmed this result and revealed a signal of MADDAM messenger RNA (mRNA) at about 7.5 kilobases (kb). Long-term culture (more than 20 hours) of MOs during macrophage (MAC) differentiation led to a rapid and complete down-regulation of MADDAM expression. In contrast, MADDAM expression was maintained in MOs differentiated along the dendritic cell (DC) pathway and induced in CD34+-derived DCs. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed signals of MADDAM mRNA in follicles of human lymph nodes and MADDAM mRNA was detected in freshly isolated human blood-DCs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By means of a database search, we found that MADDAM is a member of the ADAM (a metalloprotease and disintegrin) family, the human homologue to murine meltrin-β (ADAM 19). From these data, we conclude that MADDAM is an important marker for the differentiation and characterization of DCs and the distinction between MACs and DCs.
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47
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Fritsche J, Moser M, Faust S, Peuker A, Büttner R, Andreesen R, Kreutz M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human metalloprotease disintegrin— a novel marker for dendritic cell differentiation. Blood 2000; 96:732-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.2.732.014k11_732_739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25- [OH]2VD3) modulates the differentiation of monocytic cell lines and monocytes (MOs) in vitro. Up to now several target genes of 1,25(OH)2VD3have been described in monocytic cell lines; however, little is known about target genes in primary MOs. With the Differential Display technique, we found a transcript up-regulated by 1,25(OH)2VD3 in short-term cultured human blood MOs, which we called MADDAM (metalloprotease and disintegrin dendritic antigen marker; EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ accession no. Y13786). Northern blot analysis confirmed this result and revealed a signal of MADDAM messenger RNA (mRNA) at about 7.5 kilobases (kb). Long-term culture (more than 20 hours) of MOs during macrophage (MAC) differentiation led to a rapid and complete down-regulation of MADDAM expression. In contrast, MADDAM expression was maintained in MOs differentiated along the dendritic cell (DC) pathway and induced in CD34+-derived DCs. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed signals of MADDAM mRNA in follicles of human lymph nodes and MADDAM mRNA was detected in freshly isolated human blood-DCs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By means of a database search, we found that MADDAM is a member of the ADAM (a metalloprotease and disintegrin) family, the human homologue to murine meltrin-β (ADAM 19). From these data, we conclude that MADDAM is an important marker for the differentiation and characterization of DCs and the distinction between MACs and DCs.
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48
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Cerutti A, Schaffer A, Goodwin RG, Shah S, Zan H, Ely S, Casali P. Engagement of CD153 (CD30 ligand) by CD30+ T cells inhibits class switch DNA recombination and antibody production in human IgD+ IgM+ B cells. J Immunol 2000; 165:786-94. [PMID: 10878352 PMCID: PMC4621014 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD153 (CD30 ligand) is a member of the TNF ligand/cytokine family expressed on the surface of human B cells. Upon exposure to IL-4, a critical Ig class switch-inducing cytokine, Ag-activated T cells express CD30, the CD153 receptor. The observation that dysregulated IgG, IgA, and/or IgE production is often associated with up-regulation of T cell CD30 prompted us to test the hypothesis that engagement of B cell CD153 by T cell CD30 modulates Ig class switching. In this study, we show that IgD+ IgM+ B cells up-regulate CD153 in the presence of CD154 (CD40 ligand), IL-4, and B cell Ag receptor engagement. In these cells, CD153 engagement by an agonistic anti-CD153 mAb or T cell CD30 inhibits S mu-->Sgamma, Smu-->Salpha, and S mu-->Sepsilon class switch DNA recombination (CSR). This inhibition is associated with decreased TNFR-associated factor-2 binding to CD40, decreased NF-kappaB binding to the CD40-responsive element of the Cgamma3 promoter, decreased Igamma3-Cgamma3 germline gene transcription, and decreased expression of Ku70, Ku80, DNA protein kinase, switch-associated protein-70, and Msh2 CSR-associated transcripts. In addition, CD153 engagement inhibits IgG, IgA, and IgE production, and this effect is associated with reduced levels of B lymphocyte maturation protein-1 transcripts, and increased binding of B cell-specific activation protein to the Ig 3' enhancer. These findings suggest that CD30+ T cells modulate CSR as well as IgG, IgA, and IgE production by inducing reverse signaling through B cell CD153.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- CD30 Ligand
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- CD40 Ligand
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/physiology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Germinal Center/cytology
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics
- Immunoglobulin D/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/physiology
- Ki-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Ki-1 Antigen/metabolism
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- PAX5 Transcription Factor
- Palatine Tonsil/cytology
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- Palatine Tonsil/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, OX40
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
- Repressor Proteins
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Transcriptional Activation/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cerutti
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with a unique ability to induce primary immune responses. DCs capture and transfer information from the outside world to the cells of the adaptive immune system. DCs are not only critical for the induction of primary immune responses, but may also be important for the induction of immunological tolerance, as well as for the regulation of the type of T cell-mediated immune response. Although our understanding of DC biology is still in its infancy, we are now beginning to use DC-based immunotherapy protocols to elicit immunity against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204, USA.
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50
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Cal S, Freije JM, López JM, Takada Y, López-Otín C. ADAM 23/MDC3, a human disintegrin that promotes cell adhesion via interaction with the alphavbeta3 integrin through an RGD-independent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:1457-69. [PMID: 10749942 PMCID: PMC14859 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.4.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1999] [Revised: 01/27/2000] [Accepted: 01/31/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM 23 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain)/MDC3 (metalloprotease, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain) is a member of the disintegrin family of proteins expressed in fetal and adult brain. In this work we show that the disintegrin-like domain of ADAM 23 produced in Escherichia coli and immobilized on culture dishes promotes attachment of different human cells of neural origin, such as neuroblastoma cells (NB100 and SH-S(y)5(y)) or astrocytoma cells (U373 and U87 MG). Analysis of ADAM 23 binding to integrins revealed a specific interaction with alphavbeta3, mediated by a short amino acid sequence present in its putative disintegrin loop. This sequence lacks any RGD motif, which is a common structural determinant supporting alphavbeta3-mediated interactions of diverse proteins, including other disintegrins. alphavbeta3 also supported adhesion of HeLa cells transfected with a full-length cDNA for ADAM 23, extending the results obtained with the recombinant protein containing the disintegrin domain of ADAM 23. On the basis of these results, we propose that ADAM 23, through its disintegrin-like domain, may function as an adhesion molecule involved in alphavbeta3-mediated cell interactions occurring in normal and pathological processes, including progression of malignant tumors from neural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cal
- Departamentos, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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