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Youngster M, Reuvenny S, Luz A, Hourvitz R, Moran E, Ben-Mayor Bashi T, Baum M, Maman E, Hourvitz A. Optimizing workload balance using artificial intelligence. Fertil Steril 2024:S0015-0282(24)00187-0. [PMID: 38508509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Youngster
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | - Tali Ben-Mayor Bashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha Baum
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ettie Maman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Reuvenny S, Youngster M, Luz A, Hourvitz R, Maman E, Baum M, Hourvitz A. An artificial intelligence-based approach for selecting the optimal day for triggering in antagonist protocol cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103423. [PMID: 37984005 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can a machine-learning model suggest an optimal trigger day (or days), analysing three consecutive days, to maximize the number of total and mature (metaphase II [MII]) oocytes retrieved during an antagonist protocol cycle? DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included 9622 antagonist cycles between 2018 and 2022. The dataset was divided into training, validation and test sets. An XGBoost machine-learning algorithm, based on the cycles' data, suggested optimal trigger days for maximizing the number of MII oocytes retrieved by considering the MII predictions, prediction errors and outlier detection results. Evaluation of the algorithm was conducted using a test dataset including three quality groups: 'Freeze-all oocytes', 'Fertilize-all' and 'ICSI-only' cycles. The model suggested 1, 2 or 3 days as trigger options, depending on the difference in potential outcomes. The suggested days were compared with the actual trigger day chosen by the physician and were labelled 'concordant' or 'discordant' in terms of agreement. RESULTS In the 'freeze-all' test-set, the concordant group showed an average increase of 4.8 oocytes and 3.4 MII oocytes. In the 'ICSI-only' test set there was an average increase of 3.8 MII oocytes and 1.1 embryos, and in the 'fertilize-all' test set an average increase of 3.6 oocytes and 0.9 embryos was observed (P < 0.001 for all parameters in all groups). CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a machine-learning model for determining the optimal trigger days may improve antagonist protocol cycle outcomes across all age groups in freeze-all or fresh transfer cycles. Implementation of these models may more accurately predict the number of oocytes retrieved, thus optimizing physicians' decisions, balancing workloads and creating more standardized, yet patient-specific, protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Youngster
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel..
| | | | | | - Ettie Maman
- FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel.; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel.; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Micha Baum
- FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel.; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel.; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- FertilAI, Ramat-Gan, Israel.; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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Youngster M, Luz A, Baum M, Hourvitz R, Reuvenny S, Maman E, Hourvitz A. Artificial intelligence in the service of intrauterine insemination and timed intercourse in spontaneous cycles. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1004-1012. [PMID: 37490977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a machine learning model designed to predict the time of ovulation and optimal fertilization window for performing intrauterine insemination or timed intercourse (TI) in natural cycles. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A large in vitro fertilization unit. PATIENT(S) Patients who underwent 2,467 natural cycle-frozen embryo transfer cycles between 2018 and 2022. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Prediction accuracy of the optimal day for performing insemination or TI. RESULT(S) The data set was split into a training set including 1,864 cycles and 2 test sets. In the test sets, ovulation was determined according to either expert opinion, with 2 independent fertility experts determining ovulation day ("expert") (496 cycles), or according to the disappearance of the leading follicle between 2 consecutive days' ultrasound examinations ("certain ovulation") (107 cycles). Two algorithms were trained: an NGBoost machine learning model estimating the probability of ovulation occurring on each cycle day and a treatment management algorithm using the learning model to determine an optimal insemination day or whether another blood test should be performed. The estradiol progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels on the last test performed were the most influential features used by the model. The mean numbers of tests were 2.78 and 2.85 for the "certain ovulation" and "expert" test sets, respectively. In the "expert" set, the algorithm correctly predicted ovulation and suggested day 1 or 2 for performing insemination in 92.9% of the cases. In 2.9%, the algorithm predicted a "miss," meaning that the last test day was already ovulation day or beyond, suggesting avoiding performing insemination. In 4.2%, the algorithm predicted an "error," suggesting performing insemination when in fact it would have been performed on a nonoptimal day (0 or -3). The "certain ovulation" set had similar results. CONCLUSION(S) To our knowledge, this is the first study to implement a machine learning model, on the basis of the blood tests only, for scheduling insemination or TI with high accuracy, attributed to the capability of the algorithm to integrate multiple factors and not rely solely on the luteinizing hormone surge. Introducing the capabilities of the model may improve the accuracy and efficiency of ovulation prediction and increase the chance of conception. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER HMC-0008-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Youngster
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Micha Baum
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; FertilAi, Ramat Gan, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | | | - Ettie Maman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; FertilAi, Ramat Gan, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; FertilAi, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Nadarajah R, Ludman P, Appelman Y, Brugaletta S, Budaj A, Bueno H, Huber K, Kunadian V, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Milasinovic D, Gale CP, Budaj A, Dagres N, Danchin N, Delgado V, Emberson J, Friberg O, Gale CP, Heyndrickx G, Iung B, James S, Kappetein AP, Maggioni AP, Maniadakis N, Nagy KV, Parati G, Petronio AS, Pietila M, Prescott E, Ruschitzka F, Van de Werf F, Weidinger F, Zeymer U, Gale CP, Beleslin B, Budaj A, Chioncel O, Dagres N, Danchin N, Emberson J, Erlinge D, Glikson M, Gray A, Kayikcioglu M, Maggioni AP, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Petronio AP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Wallentin L, Zeymer U, Popescu BA, Adlam D, Caforio ALP, Capodanno D, Dweck M, Erlinge D, Glikson M, Hausleiter J, Iung B, Kayikcioglu M, Ludman P, Lund L, Maggioni AP, Matskeplishvili S, Meder B, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Neglia D, Pasquet AA, Roos-Hesselink JW, Rossello FJ, Shaheen SM, Torbica A, Gale CP, Ludman PF, Lettino M, Bueno H, Huber K, Leonardi S, Budaj A, Milasinovic (Serbia) D, Brugaletta S, Appelman Y, Kunadian V, Al Mahmeed WAR, Kzhdryan H, Dumont C, Geppert A, Bajramovic NS, Cader FA, Beauloye C, Quesada D, Hlinomaz O, Liebetrau C, Marandi T, Shokry K, Bueno H, Kovacevic M, Crnomarkovic B, Cankovic M, Dabovic D, Jarakovic M, Pantic T, Trajkovic M, Pupic L, Ruzicic D, Cvetanovic D, Mansourati J, Obradovic I, Stankovic M, Loh PH, Kong W, Poh KK, Sia CH, Saw K, Liška D, Brozmannová D, Gbur M, Gale CP, Maxian R, Kovacic D, Poznic NG, Keric T, Kotnik G, Cercek M, Steblovnik K, Sustersic M, Cercek AC, Djokic I, Maisuradze D, Drnovsek B, Lipar L, Mocilnik M, Pleskovic A, Lainscak M, Crncic D, Nikojajevic I, Tibaut M, Cigut M, Leskovar B, Sinanis T, Furlan T, Grilj V, Rezun M, Mateo VM, Anguita MJF, Bustinza ICM, Quintana RB, Cimadevilla OCF, Fuertes J, Lopez F, Dharma S, Martin MD, Martinez L, Barrabes JA, Bañeras J, Belahnech Y, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, Jordan P, Lidon RM, Mila L, Sambola A, Orvin K, Sionis A, Bragagnini W, Cambra AD, Simon C, Burdeus MV, Ariza-Solé A, Alegre O, Alsina M, Ferrando JIL, Bosch X, Sinha A, Vidal P, Izquierdo M, Marin F, Esteve-Pastor MA, Tello-Montoliu A, Lopez-Garcia C, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Gil-Pérez P, Nicolas-Franco S, Keituqwa I, Farhan HA, Silva L, Blasco A, Escudier JM, Ortega J, Zamorano JL, Sanmartin M, Pereda DC, Rincon LM, Gonzalez P, Casado T, Sadeghipour P, Lopez-Sendon JL, Manjavacas AMI, Marin LAM, Sotelo LR, Rodriguez SOR, Bueno H, Martin R, Maruri R, Moreno G, Moris C, Gudmundsdottir I, Avanzas P, Ayesta A, Junco-Vicente A, Cubero-Gallego H, Pascual I, Sola NB, Rodriguez OA, Malagon L, Martinez-Basterra J, Arizcuren AM, Indolfi C, Romero J, Calleja AG, Fuertes DG, Crespín Crespín M, Bernal FJC, Ojeda FB, Padron AL, Cabeza MM, Vargas CM, Yanes G, Kitai T, Gonzalez MJG, Gonzalez Gonzalez J, Jorge P, De La Fuente B, Bermúdez MG, Perez-Lopez CMB, Basiero AB, Ruiz AC, Pamias RF, Chamero PS, Mirrakhimov E, Hidalgo-Urbano R, Garcia-Rubira JC, Seoane-Garcia T, Arroyo-Monino DF, Ruiz AB, Sanz-Girgas E, Bonet G, Rodríguez-López J, Scardino C, De Sousa D, Gustiene O, Elbasheer E, Humida A, Mahmoud H, Mohamed A, Hamid E, Hussein S, Abdelhameed M, Ali T, Ali Y, Eltayeb M, Philippe F, Ali M, Almubarak E, Badri M, Altaher S, Alla MD, Dellborg M, Dellborg H, Hultsberg-Olsson G, Marjeh YB, Abdin A, Erglis A, Alhussein F, Mgazeel F, Hammami R, Abid L, Bahloul A, Charfeddine S, Ellouze T, Canpolat U, Oksul M, Muderrisoglu H, Popovici M, Karacaglar E, Akgun A, Ari H, Ari S, Can V, Tuncay B, Kaya H, Dursun L, Kalenderoglu K, Tasar O, Kalpak O, Kilic S, Kucukosmanoglu M, Aytekin V, Baydar O, Demirci Y, Gürsoy E, Kilic A, Yildiz Ö, Arat-Ozkan A, Sinan UY, Dagva M, Gungor B, Sekerci SS, Zeren G, Erturk M, Demir AR, Yildirim C, Can C, Kayikcioglu M, Yagmur B, Oney S, Xuereb RG, Sabanoglu C, Inanc IH, Ziyrek M, Sen T, Astarcioglu MA, Kahraman F, Utku O, Celik A, Surmeli AO, Basaran O, Ahmad WAW, Demirbag R, Besli F, Gungoren F, Ingabire P, Mondo C, Ssemanda S, Semu T, Mulla AA, Atos JS, Wajid I, Appelman Y, Al Mahmeed WAR, Atallah B, Bakr K, Garrod R, Makia F, Eldeeb F, Abdekader R, Gomaa A, Kandasamy S, Maruthanayagam R, Nadar SK, Nakad G, Nair R, Mota P, Prior P, Mcdonald S, Rand J, Schumacher N, Abraheem A, Clark M, Coulding M, Qamar N, Turner V, Negahban AQ, Crew A, Hope S, Howson J, Jones S, Lancaster N, Nicholson A, Wray G, Donnelly P, Gierlotka M, Hammond L, Hammond S, Regan S, Watkin R, Papadopoulos C, Ludman P, Hutton K, Macdonald S, Nilsson A, Roberts S, Monteiro S, Garg S, Balachandran K, Mcdonald J, Singh R, Marsden K, Davies K, Desai H, Goddard W, Iqbal N, Chalil S, Dan GA, Galasko G, Assaf O, Benham L, Brown J, Collins S, Fleming C, Glen J, Mitchell M, Preston S, Uttley A, Radovanovic M, Lindsay S, Akhtar N, Atkinson C, Vinod M, Wilson A, Clifford P, Firoozan S, Yashoman M, Bowers N, Chaplin J, Reznik EV, Harvey S, Kononen M, Lopesdesousa G, Saraiva F, Sharma S, Cruddas E, Law J, Young E, Hoye A, Harper P, Balghith M, Rowe K, Been M, Cummins H, French E, Gibson C, Abraham JA, Hobson S, Kay A, Kent M, Wilkinson A, Mohamed A, Clark S, Duncan L, Ahmed IM, Khatiwada D, Mccarrick A, Wanda I, Read P, Afsar A, Rivers V, Theobald T, Cercek M, Bell S, Buckman C, Francis R, Peters G, Stables R, Morgan M, Noorzadeh M, Taylor B, Twiss S, Widdows P, Brozmannová D, Wilkinson V, Black M, Clark A, Clarkson N, Currie J, George L, Mcgee C, Izzat L, Lewis T, Omar Z, Aytekin V, Phillips S, Ahmed F, Mackie S, Oommen A, Phillips H, Sherwood M, Aleti S, Charles T, Jose M, Kolakaluri L, Ingabire P, Karoudi RA, Deery J, Hazelton T, Knight A, Price C, Turney S, Kardos A, Williams F, Wren L, Bega G, Alyavi B, Scaletta D, Kunadian V, Cullen K, Jones S, Kirkup E, Ripley DP, Matthews IG, Mcleod A, Runnett C, Thomas HE, Cartasegna L, Gunarathne A, Burton J, King R, Quinn J, Sobolewska J, Munt S, Porter J, Christenssen V, Leng K, Peachey T, Gomez VN, Temple N, Wells K, Viswanathan G, Taneja A, Cann E, Eglinton C, Hyams B, Jones E, Reed F, Smith J, Beltrano C, Affleck DC, Turner A, Ward T, Wilmshurst N, Stirrup J, Brunton M, Whyte A, Smith S, Murray V, Walker R, Novas V, Weston C, Brown C, Collier D, Curtis K, Dixon K, Wells T, Trim F, Ghosh J, Mavuri M, Barman L, Dumont C, Elliott K, Harrison R, Mallinson J, Neale T, Smith J, Toohie J, Turnbull A, Parker E, Hossain R, Cheeseman M, Balparda H, Hill J, Hood M, Hutchinson D, Mellows K, Pendlebury C, Storey RF, Barker J, Birchall K, Denney H, Housley K, Cardona M, Middle J, Kukreja N, Gati S, Kirk P, Lynch M, Srinivasan M, Szygula J, Baker P, Cruz C, Derigay J, Cigalini C, Lamb K, Nembhard S, Price A, Mamas M, Massey I, Wain J, Delaney J, Junejo S, Martin K, Obaid D, Hoyle V, Brinkworth E, Davies C, Evans D, Richards S, Thomas C, Williams M, Dayer M, Mills H, Roberts K, Goodchild F, Dámaso ES, Greig N, Kundu S, Donaldson D, Tonks L, Beekes M, Button H, Hurford F, Motherwell N, Summers-Wall J, Felmeden D, Tapia V, Keeling P, Sheikh U, Yonis A, Felmeden L, Hughes D, Micklewright L, Summerhayes A, Sutton J, Panoulas V, Prendergast C, Poghosyan K, Rogers P, Barker LN, Batin P, Conway D, Exley D, Fletcher A, Wright J, Nageh T, Hadebe B, Kunhunny S, Mkhitaryan S, Mshengu E, Karthikeyan VJ, Hamdan H, Cooper J, Dandy C, Parkinson V, Paterson P, Reddington S, Taylor T, Tierney C, Adamyan M, Jones KV, Broadley A, Beesley K, Buckley C, Hellyer C, Pippard L, Pitt-Kerby T, Azam J, Hayes C, Freshwater K, Boyadjian S, Johnson L, Mcgill Y, Redfearn H, Russell M, Alyavi A, Alyavi B, Uzokov J, Hayrapetyan H, Azaryan K, Tadevosyan M, Poghosyan H, Kzhdryan H, Vardanyan A, Huber K, Geppert A, Ahmed A, Weidinger F, Derntl M, Hasun M, Schuh-Eiring T, Riegler L, Haq MM, Cader FA, Dewan MAM, Fatema ME, Hasan AS, Islam MM, Khandoker F, Mayedah R, Nizam SU, Azam MG, Arefin MM, Jahan J, Schelfaut D, De Raedt H, Wouters S, Aerts S, Batjoens H, Beauloye C, Dechamps M, Pierard S, Van Caenegem O, Sinnaeve F, Claeys MJ, Snepvangers M, Somers V, Gevaert S, Schaubroek H, Vervaet P, Buysse M, Renders F, Dumoulein M, Hiltrop N, De Coninck M, Naessens S, Senesael I, Hoffer E, Pourbaix S, Beckers J, Dugauquier C, Jacquet S, Malmendier D, Massoz M, Evrard P, Collard L, Brunner P, Carlier S, Blockmans M, Mayne D, Timiras E, Guédès A, Demeure F, Hanet C, Domange J, Jourdan K, Begic E, Custovic F, Dozic A, Hrvat E, Kurbasic I, Mackic D, Subo A, Durak-Nalbantic A, Dzubur A, Rebic D, Hamzic-Mehmedbasic A, Redzepovic A, Djokic-Vejzovic A, Hodzic E, Hujdur M, Musija E, Gljiva-Gogic Z, Serdarevic N, Bajramovic NS, Brigic L, Halilcevic M, Cibo M, Hadžibegic N, Kukavica N, Begic A, Iglica A, Osmanagic A, Resic N, Grgurevic MV, Zvizdic F, Pojskic B, Mujaric E, Selimovic H, Ejubovic M, Pojskic L, Stimjanin E, Sut M, Zapata PS, Munoz CG, Andrade LAF, Upegui MPT, Perez LE, Chavarria J, Quesada D, Alvarado K, Zaputovic L, Tomulic V, Gobic D, Jakljevic T, Lulic D, Bacic G, Bastiancic L, Avraamides P, Eftychiou C, Eteocleous N, Ioannou A, Lambrianidi C, Drakomathioulakis M, Groch L, Hlinomaz O, Rezek M, Semenka J, Sitar J, Beranova M, Kramarikova P, Pesl L, Sindelarova S, Tousek F, Warda HM, Ghaly I, Habiba S, Habib A, Gergis MN, Bahaa H, Samir A, Taha HSE, Adel M, Algamal HM, Mamdouh M, Shaker AF, Shokry K, Konsoah A, Mostafa AM, Ibrahim A, Imam A, Hafez B, Zahran A, Abdelhamid M, Mahmoud K, Mostafa A, Samir A, Abdrabou M, Kamal A, Sallam S, Ali A, Maghraby K, Atta AR, Saad A, Ali M, Lotman EM, Lubi R, Kaljumäe H, Uuetoa T, Kiitam U, Durier C, Ressencourt O, El Din AA, Guiatni A, Bras ML, Mougenot E, Labeque JN, Banos JL, Capendeguy O, Mansourati J, Fofana A, Augagneur M, Bahon L, Pape AL, Batias-Moreau L, Fluttaz A, Good F, Prieur F, Boiffard E, Derien AS, Drapeau I, Roy N, Perret T, Dubreuil O, Ranc S, Rio S, Bonnet JL, Bonnet G, Cuisset T, Deharo P, Mouret JP, Spychaj JC, Blondelon A, Delarche N, Decalf V, Guillard N, Hakme A, Roger MP, Biron Y, Druelles P, Loubeyre C, Lucon A, Hery P, Nejjari M, Digne F, Huchet F, Neykova A, Tzvetkov B, Larrieu M, Quaino G, Armangau P, Sauguet A, Bonfils L, Dumonteil N, Fajadet J, Farah B, Honton B, Monteil B, Philippart R, Tchetche D, Cottin M, Petit F, Piquart A, Popovic B, Varlot J, Maisuradze D, Sagirashvili E, Kereselidze Z, Totladze L, Ginturi T, Lagvilava D, Hamm C, Liebetrau C, Haas M, Hamm C, Koerschgen T, Weferling M, Wolter JS, Maier K, Nickenig G, Sedaghat A, Zachoval C, Lampropoulos K, Mpatsouli A, Sakellaropoulou A, Tyrovolas K, Zibounoumi N, Argyropoulos K, Toulgaridis F, Kolyviras A, Tzanis G, Tzifos V, Milkas A, Papaioannou S, Kyriazopoulos K, Pylarinou V, Kontonassakis I, Kotakos C, Kourgiannidis G, Ntoliou P, Parzakonis N, Pipertzi A, Sakalidis A, Ververeli CL, Kafkala K, Sinanis T, Diakakis G, Grammatikopoulos K, Papoutsaki E, Patialiatos T, Mamaloukaki M, Papadaki ST, Kanellos IE, Antoniou A, Tsinopoulos G, Goudis C, Giannadaki M, Daios S, Petridou M, Skantzis P, Koukis P, Dimitriadis F, Savvidis M, Styliadis I, Sachpekidis V, Pilalidou A, Stamatiadis N, Fotoglidis A, Karakanas A, Ruzsa Z, Becker D, Nowotta F, Gudmundsdottir I, Libungan B, Skuladottir FB, Halldorsdottir H, Shetty R, Iyengar S, Bs C, G S, Lakshmana S, S R, Tripathy N, Sinha A, Choudhary B, Kumar A, Kumar A, Raj R, Roy RS, Dharma S, Siswanto BB, Farhan HA, Yaseen IF, Al-Zaidi M, Dakhil Z, Amen S, Rasool B, Rajeeb A, Amber K, Ali HH, Al-Kinani T, Almyahi MH, Al-Obaidi F, Masoumi G, Sadeghi M, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K, Roohafza H, Sarrafzadegan N, Shafeie M, Teimouri-Jervekani Z, Noori F, Kyavar M, Sadeghipour P, Firouzi A, Alemzadeh-Ansari MJ, Ghadrdoost B, Golpira R, Ghorbani A, Ahangari F, Salarifar M, Jenab Y, Biria A, Haghighi S, Mansouri P, Yadangi S, Kornowski R, Orvin K, Eisen A, Oginetz N, Vizel R, Kfir H, Pasquale GD, Casella G, Cardelli LS, Filippini E, Zagnoni S, Donazzan L, Ermacora D, Indolfi C, Polimeni A, Curcio A, Mongiardo A, De Rosa S, Sorrentino S, Spaccarotella C, Landolina M, Marino M, Cacucci M, Vailati L, Bernabò P, Montisci R, Meloni L, Marchetti MF, Biddau M, Garau E, Barbato E, Morisco C, Strisciuglio T, Canciello G, Lorenzoni G, Casu G, Merella P, Novo G, D'Agostino A, Di Lisi D, Di Palermo A, Evola S, Immordino F, Rossetto L, Spica G, Pavan D, Mattia AD, Belfiore R, Grandis U, Vendrametto F, Spagnolo C, Carniel L, Sonego E, Gaudio C, Barillà F, Biccire FG, Bruno N, Ferrari I, Paravati V, Torromeo C, Galasso G, Peluso A, Prota C, Radano I, Benvenga RM, Ferraioli D, Anselmi M, Frigo GM, Sinagra G, Merlo M, Perkan A, Ramani F, Altinier A, Fabris E, Rinaldi M, Usmiani T, Checco L, Frea S, Mussida M, Matsukawa R, Sugi K, Kitai T, Furukawa Y, Masumoto A, Miyoshi Y, Nishino S, Assembekov B, Amirov B, Chernokurova Y, Ibragimova F, Mirrakhimov E, Ibraimova A, Murataliev T, Radzhapova Z, Uulu ES, Zhanyshbekova N, Zventsova V, Erglis A, Bondare L, Zaliunas R, Gustiene O, Dirsiene R, Marcinkeviciene J, Sakalyte G, Virbickiene A, Baksyte G, Bardauskiene L, Gelmaniene R, Salkauskaite A, Ziubryte G, Kupstyte-Kristapone N, Badariene J, Balciute S, Kapleriene L, Lizaitis M, Marinskiene J, Navickaite A, Pilkiene A, Ramanauskaite D, Serpytis R, Silinskiene D, Simbelyte T, Staigyte J, Philippe F, Degrell P, Camus E, Ahmad WAW, Kassim ZA, Xuereb RG, Buttigieg LL, Camilleri W, Pllaha E, Xuereb S, Popovici M, Ivanov V, Plugaru A, Moscalu V, Popovici I, Abras M, Ciobanu L, Litvinenco N, Fuior S, Dumanschi C, Ivanov M, Danila T, Grib L, Filimon S, Cardaniuc L, Batrinac A, Tasnic M, Cozma C, Revenco V, Sorici G, Dagva M, Choijiljav G, Dandar E, Khurelbaatar MU, Tsognemekh B, Appelman Y, Den Hartog A, Kolste HJT, Van Den Buijs D, Van'T Hof A, Pustjens T, Houben V, Kasperski I, Ten Berg J, Azzahhafi J, Bor W, Yin DCP, Mbakwem A, Amadi C, Kushimo O, Kilasho M, Oronsaye E, Bakracheski N, Bashuroska EK, Mojsovska V, Tupare S, Dejan M, Jovanoska J, Razmoski D, Marinoski T, Antovski A, Jovanovski Z, Kocho S, Markovski R, Ristovski V, Samir AB, Biserka S, Kalpak O, Peovska IM, Taleska BZ, Pejkov H, Busljetik O, Zimbakov Z, Grueva E, Bojovski I, Tutic M, Poposka L, Vavlukis M, Al-Riyami A, Nadar SK, Abdelmottaleb W, Ahmed S, Mujtaba MS, Al-Mashari S, Al-Riyami H, Laghari AH, Faheem O, Ahmed SW, Qamar N, Furnaz S, Kazmi K, Saghir T, Aneel A, Asim A, Madiha F, Sobkowicz B, Tycinska A, Kazimierczyk E, Szyszkowska A, Mizia-Stec K, Wybraniec M, Bednarek A, Glowacki K, Prokopczuk J, Babinski W, Blachut A, Kosiak M, Kusinska A, Samborski S, Stachura J, Szastok H, Wester A, Bartoszewska D, Sosnowska-Pasiarska B, Krzysiek M, Legutko J, Nawrotek B, Kasprzak JD, Klosinska M, Wiklo K, Kurpesa M, Rechcinski T, Cieslik-Guerra U, Gierlotka M, Bugajski J, Feusette P, Sacha J, Przybylo P, Krzesinski P, Ryczek R, Karasek A, Kazmierczak-Dziuk A, Mielniczuk M, Betkier-Lipinska K, Roik M, Labyk A, Krakowian M, Machowski M, Paczynska M, Potepa M, Pruszczyk P, Budaj A, Ambroziak M, Omelanczuk-Wiech E, Torun A, Opolski G, Glowczynska R, Fojt A, Kowalik R, Huczek Z, Jedrzejczyk S, Roleder T, Brust K, Gasior M, Desperak P, Hawranek M, Farto-Abreu P, Santos M, Baptista S, Brizida L, Faria D, Loureiro J, Magno P, Monteiro C, Nédio M, Tavares J, Sousa C, Almeida I, Almeida S, Miranda H, Santos H, Santos AP, Goncalves L, Monteiro S, Baptista R, Ferreira C, Ferreira J, Goncalves F, Lourenço C, Monteiro P, Picarra B, Santos AR, Guerreiro RA, Carias M, Carrington M, Pais J, de Figueiredo MP, Rocha AR, Mimoso J, De Jesus I, Fernandes R, Guedes J, Mota T, Mendes M, Ferreira J, Tralhão A, Aguiar CT, Strong C, Da Gama FF, Pais G, Timóteo AT, Rosa SAO, Mano T, Reis J, Selas M, Mendes DE, Satendra M, Pinto P, Queirós C, Oliveira I, Reis L, Cruz I, Fernandes R, Torres S, Luz A, Campinas A, Costa R, Frias A, Oliveira M, Martins V, Castilho B, Coelho C, Moura AR, Cotrim N, Dos Santos RC, Custodio P, Duarte R, Gomes R, Matias F, Mendonca C, Neiva J, Rabacal C, Almeida AR, Caeiro D, Queiroz P, Silva G, Pop-Moldovan AL, Darabantiu D, Mercea S, Dan GA, Dan AR, Dobranici M, Popescu RA, Adam C, Sinescu CJ, Andrei CL, Brezeanu R, Samoila N, Baluta MM, Pop D, Tomoaia R, Istratoaie O, Donoiu I, Cojocaru A, Oprita OC, Rocsoreanu A, Grecu M, Ailoaei S, Popescu MI, Cozma A, Babes EE, Rus M, Ardelean A, Larisa R, Moisi M, Ban E, Buzle A, Filimon G, Dobreanu D, Lupu S, Mitre A, Rudzik R, Sus I, Opris D, Somkereki C, Mornos C, Petrescu L, Betiu A, Volcescu A, Ioan O, Luca C, Maximov D, Mosteoru S, Pascalau L, Roman C, Brie D, Crisan S, Erimescu C, Falnita L, Gaita D, Gheorghiu M, Levashov S, Redkina M, Novitskii N, Dementiev E, Baglikov A, Zateyshchikov D, Zubova E, Rogozhina A, Salikov A, Nikitin I, Reznik EV, Komissarova MS, Shebzukhova M, Shitaya K, Stolbova S, Larina V, Akhmatova F, Chuvarayan G, Arefyev MN, Averkov OV, Volkova AL, Sepkhanyan MS, Vecherko VI, Meray I, Babaeva L, Goreva L, Pisaryuk A, Potapov P, Teterina M, Ageev F, Silvestrova G, Fedulaev Y, Pinchuk T, Staroverov I, Kalimullin D, Sukhinina T, Zhukova N, Ryabov V, Kruchinkina E, Vorobeva D, Shevchenko I, Budyak V, Elistratova O, Fetisova E, Islamov R, Ponomareva E, Khalaf H, Shaimaa AA, Kamal W, Alrahimi J, Elshiekh A, Balghith M, Ahmed A, Attia N, Jamiel AA, Potpara T, Marinkovic M, Mihajlovic M, Mujovic N, Kocijancic A, Mijatovic Z, Radovanovic M, Matic D, Milosevic A, Savic L, Subotic I, Uscumlic A, Zlatic N, Antonijevic J, Vesic O, Vucic R, Martinovic SS, Kostic T, Atanaskovic V, Mitic V, Stanojevic D, Petrovic M. Cohort profile: the ESC EURObservational Research Programme Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI) Registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2022; 9:8-15. [PMID: 36259751 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutively hospitalised adult NSTEMI patients (n = 3620) were enrolled between 11 March 2019 and 6 March 2021, and individual patient data prospectively collected at 287 centres in 59 participating countries during a two-week enrolment period per centre. The registry collected data relating to baseline characteristics, major outcomes (in-hospital death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and 30-day mortality) and guideline-recommended NSTEMI care interventions: electrocardiogram pre- or in-hospital, pre-hospitalization receipt of aspirin, echocardiography, coronary angiography, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, and prescription on discharge of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, and statin. CONCLUSION The EORP NSTEMI Registry is an international, prospective registry of care and outcomes of patients treated for NSTEMI, which will provide unique insights into the contemporary management of hospitalised NSTEMI patients, compliance with ESC 2015 NSTEMI Guidelines, and identify potential barriers to optimal management of this common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nadarajah
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS1 3EX Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Ludman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hector Bueno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sergio Leonardi
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S.Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Lettino
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Chris P Gale
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS1 3EX Leeds, UK
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Oliveira Campinas A, Braga M, Alexandre A, Costa R, Dias De Frias A, Calvao J, Brandao M, Passos Silva M, Pires De Morais G, Carlos Silva J, Brochado B, Luz A, Silveira J, Gomes C, Torres S. Mechanical circulatory support devices in left main occlusion: a multicenter study from 2008 to 2020. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Evidence of benefit in the use of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the clinicalcharacteristics, prognosis and factors associated with the use of MCS in patients with AMI due to left main (LM) occlusion.
Methods
We performed a retrospective multicenter study of 128 consecutive patients with AMI with ≤12h of presentation with LM occlusion submitted to immediate reperfusion between January 1, 2008, until December 31, 2020 in three terciary hospitals of Portugal. Among this cohort, we divided patients into two groups according to the use of MCS devices.
Results
Regarding the baseline characteristics no statistically significant differences were found, except for the presence of cerebrovascular disease (2.9% in group with vs 16.9% in group without MCS, p=0.007) and peripheral artery disease (8.8% in group with vs 22% in group without MCS, p=0.037). We observed that the use of MCS devices was statistically different between the three centers (47.8%, 42%, 8.7%, p<0.001). No differences were found at presentation for ST-segment elevation vs non-ST segment elevation AMI (p=NS). The presence of cardiogenic shock (72.4% vs 45.8%, p=0.002), cardiac arrest (27.5% vs 23.7%, p=0.034) and more severe thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow at presentation (55.1% vs 35.6%, p=0.015) were more frequent in group with MCS. The rate of 1-year cumulative mortality was high in both groups (31/59=52.5% in the group without vs 47/69=68.1%, p=NS). Also, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of survival, but we observed a trend to higher mortality in those who received MCS as Kaplan-Meier survival curves show (log rank=0.062). Finally, in multivariable analysis, older age [odds ratio (OR), 0.935; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99], the presence of diabetes (OR, 0.223; 95% CI, 0.056–0.88), peripheral artery disease (OR, 0.070; 95% CI, 0.009–0.566) and extra-hospitalar cardiac arrest (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.007–0.543) were characteristics associated with lower odds of receiving MCS. Contrarily, male sex (OR, 5; 95% CI, 1–20.4) and the presence of cardiogenic shock (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.42–23) were factors associated with higher use of MCS.
Conclusion
The use of MCS does not seem to modify prognosis in patients admitted withAMI due to left main occlusion. Only cardiogenic shock and male gender were predictors of MCS use.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Braga
- Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - R Costa
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - J Calvao
- Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Brandao
- Hospital Center Vila Nova Gaia , Porto , Portugal
| | | | | | - J Carlos Silva
- Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao , Porto , Portugal
| | - B Brochado
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - A Luz
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - J Silveira
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - C Gomes
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - S Torres
- Hospital Center of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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6
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Fontes Oliveira M, Santos M, Vieira S, Costa R, Dias-Frias A, Campinas A, Cabral S, Luz A, Torres S. Diabetes and pre-infarct angina. Time to rethink comorbidities in the reperfusion-injury phenomenon? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pre-infarct angina (PIA) has been shown to reduce reperfusion injury and infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and currently represents the most efficient form of myocardial conditioning yet discovered. The role of diabetes on ischemic preconditioning remains controversial – while some pre-clinical studies suggest that diabetes blunts ischemic conditioning, clinical studies are lacking.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with STEMI admitted in our hospital from January 2008 to August 2018 who underwent primary angioplasty (PCI). PIA was defined as chest, arm or jaw pain during the preceding 48h before STEMI diagnosis. Peak creatine kinase and peak Troponin T levels were used as a surrogate of infarct size. Ischemic time (IT) was defined as the time between the onset of symptoms to the restoration of flow after either guidewire passage, thrombus aspiration or first balloon inflation.
Results
Of the 1143 included patients, 74% (n=845) were male and mean age was 62.6±13.1 years. A quarter of STEMI-patients had diabetes (25%, n=285). Almost a third of the patients (32%, n=359) had a history of angina in the preceding 48h before STEMI (PIA). The proportion of PIA was similar between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In patients with diabetes, PIA was associated with lower creatine kinase (CK) (1144 [500–2212] vs 1715 [908–3309] U/L, p=0.0029) and Troponin T (TnT 3.30 [1.90–6.58] vs 4.88 [2.50–9.58] ng/mL, p=0.0022) despite similar IT as compared to those without PIA (328 [200–554] vs. 258 [180–530] minutes, p=0.1365). In non-diabetic patients, PIA was not significantly associated with infarct size (TnT 3.74 [2.23–7.11] vs 4.56 [2.44–7.77] ng/mL, p=0.1945; CK 1549 [910 - 2909] vs 1793 [996 - 3078] U/L, p=0.0653) even after adjustment for the increased ischemic time (240 [150–550] vs. 210 [140–405] minutes, p=0.0128) (β=−0.12, p=0.085 for CK and β=−0.11, p=0.183 for TnT). A significant interaction was observed between the existence of PIA and diabetes on peak TnT (p=0.026 for interaction) and CK (p=0.047 for interaction), which was independent of the culprit vessel and IT. During a median follow-up period of 18.0 [12.1–25.5] months, 268 (24.0%) MACE events have occurred (165 deaths, 27 strokes, 46 myocardial infarctions and 26 target vessel revascularization). PIA was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of MACE (HR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48–0.89)) driven by a reduction on mortality (HR 0.44 (95% CI: 0.28–0.70)). Diabetes was associated with an increased incidence of MACE (HR 1.42 (95% CI: 1.07–1.89)). No interaction was found between diabetes and PIA on their effect on MACCE events.
Conclusion
PIA is a strong predictor of favourable outcomes in the setting of STEMI. The effect of PIA on myocardial protection in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI seems to be modulated by the presence of diabetes.
Distribution of Peak CK and Peak TnT
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Santos
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Vieira
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Costa
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Dias-Frias
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Campinas
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Cabral
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Luz
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Torres
- Hospital University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Baggen-Santos R, Silveira I, Trêpa M, Brochado B, Sousa M, Roque C, Pinheiro-Vieira A, Lagarto V, Luz A, Hipólito-Reis A, Torres S. 073_16752 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy With Or Without Defibrillator In Non-Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Silveira I, Sousa M, Brochado B, Barreira A, Magalhaes S, Viamonte S, Preza-Fernandes J, Luz A, Torres S. P4906Impact of cardiac rehabilitation in obese patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Silveira I, Roque C, B Santos R, Sousa MJ, Trepa M, Pinheiro-Vieira A, Lagarto V, Luz A, Hipolito-Reis A, Torres S. P1594Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome: The role of electrophysiological study. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux158.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Luz A, Fischer F. Daytime work and evening classes: reports on sleepiness among young working students. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Ventura F, Leandro P, Luz A, Rivera I, Silva M, Ramos R, Rocha H, Lopes A, Fonseca H, Gaspar A, Diogo L, Martins E, Leão-Teles E, Vilarinho L, Tavares de Almeida I. Retrospective study of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Portugal. Clin Genet 2013; 85:555-61. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.V. Ventura
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. Leandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - A. Luz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - I.A. Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - M.F.B. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - R. Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - H. Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - A. Lopes
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - H. Fonseca
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - A. Gaspar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lisbon North Hospital Center; Santa Maria Hospital; Lisbon Portugal
| | - L. Diogo
- Children's Hospital of Coimbra; Metabolic Disorders Unit; Coimbra Portugal
| | - E. Martins
- Children's Hospital Maria Pia; Metabolic Diseases Unit; Porto Portugal
| | - E. Leão-Teles
- S. João Hospital Center; Metabolic Diseases Pediatric Unit; Porto Portugal
| | - L. Vilarinho
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
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12
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González-Espinosa D, Luz A, Gómez E, Gazarian K, Velasquillo C, Gutiérrez A. 995 A novel adenoviral vector encoding angiogenin cDNA from cancerous liver tissue. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)91022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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13
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Smits R, Ruiz P, Diaz-Cano S, Luz A, Jagmohan-Changur S, Breukel C, Birchmeier C, Birchmeier W, Fodde R. E-cadherin and adenomatous polyposis coli mutations are synergistic in intestinal tumor initiation in mice. Gastroenterology 2000; 119:1045-53. [PMID: 11040191 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.18162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is observed at early stages of intestinal tumor formation, whereas loss of E-cadherin is usually associated with tumor progression. Because both proteins compete for the binding to beta-catenin, an essential component of the Wnt signaling pathway, reduction of E-cadherin levels in an Apc mouse model could influence both tumor initiation and progression. In addition, loss or haploinsufficiency of E-cadherin may affect tumorigenesis by altering its cell-adhesive and associated functions. METHODS Apc1638N mice were bred with animals carrying a targeted E-cadherin knockout mutation. RESULTS Double heterozygous animals showed a significant 9-fold and 5-fold increase of intestinal and gastric tumor numbers, respectively, compared with Apc1638N animals. The intestinal tumors of both groups showed no significant differences in grading and staging. Loss of heterozygosity analysis at the Apc and E-cadherin loci in both intestinal and gastric Apc(+/1638N)/E-cad(+/-) tumors revealed loss of the wild-type Apc allele in most cases, whereas the wild-type E-cadherin allele was always retained. This was supported by a positive, although reduced, staining for E-cadherin of intestinal tumor sections. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of the E-cadherin mutation in Apc1638N animals enhances Apc-driven tumor initiation without clearly affecting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smits
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Ethelberg S, Tzschaschel BD, Luz A, Diaz-Cano SJ, Pedersen FS, Schmidt J. Increased induction of osteopetrosis, but unaltered lymphomagenicity, by murine leukemia virus SL3-3 after mutation of a nuclear factor 1 site in the enhancer. J Virol 1999; 73:10406-15. [PMID: 10559359 PMCID: PMC113096 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10406-10415.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SL3-3 is a murine leukemia virus which is only weakly bone pathogenic but highly T-cell lymphomagenic. A major pathogenic determinant is the transcriptional enhancer comprising several transcription factor binding sites, among which are three identical sites for nuclear factor 1 (NF1). We have investigated the pathogenic properties of NF1 site enhancer mutants of SL3-3. Two different mutants carrying a 3-bp mutation either in all three NF1 sites or in the central site alone were constructed and assayed in inbred NMRI mice. The wild type and both mutants induced lymphomas in all mice, with a mean latency period of 9 weeks. However, there was a considerable difference in osteopetrosis induction. Wild-type SL3-3 induced osteopetrosis in 11% of the mice (2 of 19), and the triple NF1 site mutant induced osteopetrosis in none of the mice (0 of 19), whereas the single NF1 site mutant induced osteopetrosis in 56% (10 of 18) of the mice, as determined by X-ray analysis. A detailed histological examination of the femurs of the mice was carried out and found to support this diagnosis. Thus, the NF1 sites of SL3-3 are major determinants of osteopetrosis induction, without determining lymphomagenesis. This conclusion was further supported by evaluation of the bone pathogenicity of other SL3-3 enhancer variants, the lymphomagenicity of which had been examined previously. This evaluation furthermore strongly indicated that the core sites, a second group of transcription factor binding sites in the viral enhancer, are necessary for the osteopetrosis induction potential of SL3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ethelberg
- Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Hesse I, Luz A, Kohleisen B, Erfle V, Schmidt J. Prenatal transmission and pathogenicity of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus Akv. Lab Anim Sci 1999; 49:488-95. [PMID: 10551449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mouse strains carrying endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) are capable of expressing infective virus throughout life. Risk of transplacental transmission of MuLV raises concerns of embryo infection and induction of pathogenic effects, and postnatal MuLV infection may lead to tumorigenesis. METHODS Endogenous ecotropic MuLV-negative SWR/J embryos were implanted into Akv-infected viremic SWR/J mice, into spontaneously provirus-expressing AKR/J mice, and into noninfected SWR/J control mice; virus integration and virus expression were investigated at 14 days' gestation. Tumor development was monitored over 18 months. RESULTS Of 111 embryos, 20 (18%) recovered from Akv-infected SWR/J mice, which had developed normally, were infected. New proviruses were detected in 10 of 111 (9%) embryos from Akv-infected SWR/J mice, and in 2 of 60 (3%) embryos from AKR/J mice; none expressed viral protein. Of 127 embryos recovered from Akv-infected SWR/J mice, 16 (13%) were dead; 4 of 5 (80%) were infected and expressed viral protein. Of 71 embryos from AKR/J mice, 11 (15%) were dead, and 2 of 2 had virus integration; virus expression was not detected. Numbers of dead embryos recovered from experimentally infected, viremic SWR/J mice and from spontaneously endogenous MuLV-expressing AKR/J mice were significantly higher, compared with numbers from nonviremic SWR/J control mice, and embryo lethality was significantly associated with prenatal provirus expression. Postnatal inoculation of Akv induced lymphoblastic lymphomas in 15 of 24 (61%) SWR/J mice within mean +/- SD latency of 14 +/- 2.4 months. Only 3 of 39 (8%) control mice developed lymphomas (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION Embryos in MuLV-viremic dams are readily infected, and inappropriate prenatal expression of leukemogenic endogenous retroviruses may play a critical role in embryo lethality and decreased breeding performance in ecotropic provirus-positive mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hesse
- Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE To reduce the long-term toxicity of 239Pu in rats by lifetime drinking of ZnDTPA solution and to investigate possible side-effects of the drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single injection of 239Pu citrate, alone or plus oral ZnDTPA. Additional groups were administered only ZnDTPA. Late tissue changes were evaluated by post-mortem examination, X-rays and histologically. RESULTS The incidence of rat bearing osteosarcoma decreased after treatment to 35% as compared with 53% in untreated controls. The proportional incidence of osteosarcomas was reduced after ZnDTPA by more than the corresponding removal of 239Pu. Unexpectedly in the male rat, mammary tumours, mostly malignant, developed in 20% of rats that received 239Pu as compared with 0.5% in the untreated controls. After a lifetime drinking solely 3 x 10(-3) M ZnDTPA the incidence of diffuse glomerulosclerosis reached 29% as compared with 10% in controls. CONCLUSIONS In rat, protracted oral administration of ZnDTPA reduced the incidence of osteosarcomas after injection of 239Pu, even if treatment started with a delay of 1 month. In the latter case, however, more soft tissue damage was found than after treatment beginning at 4 days post-239Pu. An increased incidence of diffuse glomerulosclerosis was observed as a side effect of oral ZnDTPA only when given continuously, alone and in high amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Volf
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Praha, Czech Republic
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17
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Lund AH, Schmidt J, Luz A, Sørensen AB, Duch M, Pedersen FS. Replication and pathogenicity of primer binding site mutants of SL3-3 murine leukemia viruses. J Virol 1999; 73:6117-22. [PMID: 10364369 PMCID: PMC112678 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.7.6117-6122.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/1998] [Accepted: 04/05/1999] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral reverse transcription is primed by a cellular tRNA molecule annealed to an 18-bp primer binding site sequence. The sequence of the primer binding site coincides with that of a negatively acting cis element that mediates transcriptional silencing of murine leukemia virus (MLV) in undifferentiated embryonic cells. In this study we test whether SL3-3 MLV can replicate stably using tRNA primers other than the cognate tRNAPro and analyze the effect of altering the primer binding site sequence to match the 3' end of tRNA1Gln, tRNA3Lys, or tRNA1,2Arg in a mouse pathogenicity model. Contrary to findings from cell culture studies of primer binding site-modified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and avian retroviruses, our findings were that SL3-3 MLV may stably and efficiently replicate with tRNA primers other than tRNAPro. Although lymphoma induction of the SL3-3 Lys3 mutant was significantly delayed relative to that of the wild-type virus, molecular tumor analysis indicated that all the primer binding site-modified viruses induce T-cell lymphomas similar to those induced by the wild-type virus in terms of frequencies of genomic rearrangements within the T-cell receptor beta-chain, the immunoglobulin kappa light chain, and the c-myc locus. Whereas none of the mutants were found to revert to tRNAPro primer utilization, in two tumors resulting from the injection of the SL3-3 Lys3 mutant the primer binding site was altered to match that of a new primer species, tRNA1,2Lys. In addition, recombination with endogenous viruses resulting in the generation of recombinant viruses carrying a glutamine primer binding site was detected in the majority of the tumors induced by the SL3-3 Lys3 mutant as well as in two tumors induced by wild-type SL3-3 and the SL3-3 Arg1,2 mutant.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/physiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/virology
- Mice
- Mutation
- RNA
- RNA, Transfer
- RNA, Transfer, Arg
- RNA, Transfer, Gln
- RNA, Transfer, Lys
- RNA, Viral
- Retroviridae Infections/virology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Lund
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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van der Houven van Oordt CW, Smits R, Schouten TG, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Williamson SL, Luz A, Meera Khan P, van der Eb AJ, Breuer ML, Fodde R. The genetic background modifies the spontaneous and X-ray-induced tumor spectrum in the Apc1638N mouse model. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1999; 24:191-8. [PMID: 10451698 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199903)24:3<191::aid-gcc3>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the genetic background on the tumor spectrum of Apc1638N, a mouse model for attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), has been investigated in X-irradiated and untreated F1 hybrids between C57BL/6JIco-Apc1638N (B6) and A/JCrIBR (A/J), BALB/cByJIco (C) or C3H/HeOuJIco (C3). Similar to the ApcMin model, the Apc1638N intestinal tumor multiplicity seems to be modulated by Mom1. Moreover, several additional (X-ray-responsive) modifier loci appear also to affect the Apc1638N intestinal tumor number. The genetic background did not significantly influence the number of spontaneous desmoids and cutaneous cysts in Apc1638N. In general, X-irradiation increased the desmoid multiplicity in Apc1638N females but had no effect in males. The opposite was noted for the cyst multiplicity after X-rays. Surprisingly, X-irradiated CB6F1-Apc1638N females were highly susceptible to the development of ovarian tumors, which displayed clear loss of the wild-type Apc allele.
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19
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Sparwasser T, Hültner L, Koch ES, Luz A, Lipford GB, Wagner H. Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides cause extramedullary murine hemopoiesis. J Immunol 1999; 162:2368-74. [PMID: 9973517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial DNA and the synthetic CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) derived thereof have attracted attention because they activate cells of the adaptive immune system (lymphocytes) and the innate immune system (APCs) in a sequence-dependent manner. Here, we addressed whether CpG-ODNs affect hemopoiesis. Challenging mice with immunostimulatory CpG-ODN sequences led to transient splenomegaly, with a maximum increase of spleen weight at day 6. The induction of splenomegaly by CpG-ODNs was sequence-specific, dose-dependent, and associated with an increase in splenic cell count, in numbers of granulocyte-macrophage CFUs (GM-CFUs), and early erythroid progenitors (burst-forming units-erythroid). The transfer of spleen cells from CpG-ODN-pretreated animals into lethally irradiated syngeneic mice yielded an increase of spleen CFUs. Furthermore, the challenge of sublethally irradiated mice with CpG-ODNs caused radioprotective effects, in that recovery of GM-CFUs and cytotoxic T cell function was enhanced. The increase in GM-CFU and CTL function correlated with an enhanced resistance to Listeria infection in irradiated mice. We conclude from these data that CpG-ODNs trigger extramedullary hemopoiesis, and that this finding could be of therapeutic relevance in myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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20
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Bittner M, Gosslar U, Luz A, Holzmann B. Sequence motifs in the integrin alpha 4 cytoplasmic tail required for regulation of in vivo expansion of murine lymphoma cells. J Immunol 1998; 161:5978-86. [PMID: 9834079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The binding of integrins to cognate ligands is tightly controlled by intracellular signals. Conversely, integrin occupancy generates biochemical signals inside the cell. The present study examined whether concepts of integrin function established by in vitro analysis apply to regulation of receptor function in complex biologic settings in vivo using a mouse model of tumor metastasis. Integrin alpha 4 subunits were truncated at amino acid Gln1014 (A4-1014), preserving the conserved GFFKR motif, and at position Glu1021 (A4-1021). In vitro adhesion assays revealed that cytoplasmic tail truncations did not affect constitutive ligand binding of alpha 4 integrins, while agonist-induced adhesion was abolished by the alpha 4-1014, but not by the alpha 4-1021, mutation. Inducible ligand binding of alpha 4 integrins was dependent on cytoskeletal function, whereas constitutive adhesion was not. In vivo metastasis formation assays demonstrated that expansion of murine T lymphoma cells in spleen is strongly inhibited by the wild-type alpha 4 subunit and the alpha 4-1021 mutant. In contrast, the in vivo phenotype of alpha 4 integrin expression in lymphoma cells was completely abrogated by the alpha 4-1014 mutation. Cross-linking of alpha 4 integrins in vitro inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of LB cells expressing wild-type alpha 4 subunits or the alpha 4-1021 mutant, but not of LB-A4-1014 cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that sequence motifs regulating cytoskeleton-dependent alpha 4 integrin activation in vitro are essential for the control of LB lymphoma cell expansion both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bittner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität Munich, Germany
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21
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Botzler C, Schmidt J, Luz A, Jennen L, Issels R, Multhoff G. Differential Hsp70 plasma-membrane expression on primary human tumors and metastases in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Int J Cancer 1998; 77:942-8. [PMID: 9714069 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980911)77:6<942::aid-ijc25>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To study the role of cell-surface expression of a tumor-selective heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in vivo, the colon-carcinoma cell line CX2, and the clonal sub-lines CX+ and CX-, which differ in Hsp70 cell-surface expression, but not in MHC and adhesion-molecule expression, were implanted into immunodeficient SCID/beige mice by s.c., i.p., i.v. and orthotopic (o.t.) inoculation. On day 18 after s.c. injection, all animals developed s.c. tumors, ranging in size from 2.5 to 3 cm2. Phenotypic characterization of single-cell suspensions generated from freshly isolated tumor material revealed that the pattern of cell-surface expression is identical to that of the injected tumor cells from cell culture. Comparable results were obtained following i.p. inoculation of CX+ and CX- cells. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of lymph nodes, lung, liver and spleen at autopsy of tumor-bearing mice showed no tumor burden except the primary tumor, following s.c. or i.p. injection. After i.v. inoculation of CX+ and of CX- cells, weak tumor growth was observed in lung and liver, the Hsp70 cell-surface-expression pattern on these tumors being identical to that of the injected cells. However, o.t. injection of colon-carcinoma cell lines CX+ and CX- into the cecum resulted in tumor growth at the injection site and in spread of distant metastases in lung, liver and spleen. Most interestingly, and in contrast to the primary colon carcinomas, metastases of CX+ and of CX- tumor cells both revealed strong Hsp70 plasma-membrane expression, although the total amount of cytoplasmic Hsp70 was comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Botzler
- GSF-Institute of Clinical Hematology, Munich, Germany
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22
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Goralczyk R, Appold A, Luz A, Riemann S, Strauss PG, Erfle V, Schmidt J. Establishment and characterization of osteoblast-like cell lines from retrovirus (RFB MuLV)-induced osteomas in mice. Differentiation 1998; 63:253-62. [PMID: 9810704 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6350253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines were established by a two-step method from osteomas which had been induced by infection of mice with RFB MuLV, a bone-pathogenic, replication-competent murine retrovirus. The benign tumors, consisting of mature lamellar bone and surrounded by a thin periosteum, were cultured on sponges of denatured collagen type I fibres for up to 4 weeks. At this time osteoma cells had grown into the collagenous matrix. After release and further cultivation in monolayers, the cell lines established from these cultures varied in morphology; they expressed T1, collagen type I and type III, alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin and osteopontin mRNAs at variable levels, but not osteocalcin/BGP. They also showed alkaline phosphatase activity, but lacked responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. All cell lines established from infected mice expressed retroviral and c-myc mRNA and viral protein. In contrast to cells from control mice they showed an extended life span in culture. After growth in a three-dimensional (3-D) collagen sponge culture the cells formed an extracellular matrix containing collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin/BGP. These data indicate that the two-step method facilitates the establishment of osteoblast-like cell lines from osteomas and calvaria of old mice, and provides means for further analyses of retrovirus-induced skeletal pathogenesis and bone induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goralczyk
- Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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23
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Lovmand J, Sorensen AB, Schmidt J, Ostergaard M, Luz A, Pedersen FS. B-Cell lymphoma induction by akv murine leukemia viruses harboring one or both copies of the tandem repeat in the U3 enhancer. J Virol 1998; 72:5745-56. [PMID: 9621033 PMCID: PMC110375 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.7.5745-5756.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akv is an endogenous, ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) of the AKR strain. It has served as a prototype nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic reference virus for studies of closely related potent lymphomagenic viruses such as the T-lymphomagenic SL3-3. We here report that Akv and an Akv mutant (Akv1-99) with only one copy of the 99-bp transcriptional enhancer induce malignant lymphomas with nearly 100% incidence and mean latency periods of 12 months after injection into newborn NMRI mice. Molecular analysis of tumor DNA showed that the majority of the tumors were of the B-cell type. Sequence analysis of proviral transcriptional enhancers in DNA of B-cell lymphomas revealed conservation of the enhancer sequence, as well as a lack of sequence duplications of the Akv1-99 variant, while the repeat copy number in Akv was subject to fluctuations. In support of a B-cell specificity of the Akv enhancer, a murine plasmacytoma cell line was found to sustain three- to fivefold-higher transient transcriptional activity upon the Akv and Akv1-99 enhancers than upon the enhancer of the T-lymphomagenic SL3-3 MuLV. Thus, the overall picture is that Akv MuLV possesses a B- lymphomagenic potential and that the second copy of the 99-bp sequence seems to be of minor importance for this potential. However, in one animal the lymphomas induced by Akv1-99 were of the T-cell type. Among the 24 tumors analyzed only this one harbored a clonal proviral integration in the c-myc locus. This provirus had undergone a duplication of a 113-bp sequence of the enhancer region, partly overlapping with the 99-bp repeat of Akv, as well as a few single nucleotide alterations within and outside the repeats. Taken together with previous studies, our results suggest that T- versus B-lymphomagenic specificity of the enhancer is governed by more than one nucleotide difference and that alterations in binding sites for transcription factors of the AML1 and nuclear-factor-1 families may contribute to this specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lovmand
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Fütterer A, Mink K, Luz A, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Pfeffer K. The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 1998; 9:59-70. [PMID: 9697836 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR)-/- mice were created by gene targeting. LTbetaR-/- mice lacked Peyer's patches, colon-associated lymphoid tissues, and all lymph nodes. Mucosa patrolling alphaEbeta7high integrin+ T cells were virtually absent. Spleens lost marginal zones; T/B cell segregation and follicular dendritic cell networks were absent. Peanut agglutinin+ cells were aberrantly detectable around central arterioles. In contrast to TNF receptor p55-/- mice, antibody affinity maturation was impaired. Since LTbetaR-/- mice exhibit distinct defects when compared to LTalpha-/- and LTbeta-/- mice, it is suggested that the LTbetaR integrates signals from other TNF family members. Thus, the LTbetaR proves pivotal for the ontogeny of the secondary lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, affinity maturation is dependent on LTalpha1beta2 rather than on LTalpha3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fütterer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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25
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Smits R, van der Houven van Oordt W, Luz A, Zurcher C, Jagmohan-Changur S, Breukel C, Khan PM, Fodde R. Apc1638N: a mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis-associated desmoid tumors and cutaneous cysts. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:275-83. [PMID: 9453487 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant predisposition to the formation of multiple colorectal adenomas. Moreover, patients with FAP are at high risk of developing several extracolonic manifestations, including desmoids, cutaneous cysts, and tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Although by definition desmoids are nonmalignant, because of their aggressive invasion of local structures, they represent one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with FAP. METHODS This study describes the histopathologic and molecular characterization of Apc1638N, a mouse model for the broad spectrum of extracolonic manifestations characteristic of FAP. RESULTS Heterozygous Apc+/Apc1638N animals develop fully penetrant and multifocal cutaneous follicular cysts and desmoid tumors in addition to attenuated polyposis of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, breeding of Apc+/Apc1638N mice in a p53-deficient background results in a dramatic seven-fold increase of the desmoid multiplicity. CONCLUSIONS Because of the attenuated nature of their intestinal phenotype, these mice survive longer than other murine models for Apc-driven tumorigenesis. Therefore, Apc1638N represents an ideal laboratory tool to test various therapeutic intervention strategies for the management of intestinal as well as extraintestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smits
- Medical Genetics Center South-West Netherlands, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University
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Schipani E, Lanske B, Hunzelman J, Luz A, Kovacs CS, Lee K, Pirro A, Kronenberg HM, Jüppner H. Targeted expression of constitutively active receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays endochondral bone formation and rescues mice that lack parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:13689-94. [PMID: 9391087 PMCID: PMC28367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice in which the genes encoding the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) or the PTH/PTHrP receptor have been ablated by homologous recombination show skeletal dysplasia due to accelerated endochondral bone formation, and die at birth or in utero, respectively. Skeletal abnormalities due to decelerated chondrocyte maturation are observed in transgenic mice where PTHrP expression is targeted to the growth plate, and in patients with Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, a rare genetic disorder caused by constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors. These and other findings thus indicate that PTHrP and its receptor are essential for chondrocyte differentiation. To further explore the role of the PTH/PTHrP receptor in this process, we generated transgenic mice in which expression of a constitutively active receptor, HKrk-H223R, was targeted to the growth plate by the rat alpha1 (II) collagen promoter. Two major goals were pursued: (i) to investigate how constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors affect the program of chondrocyte maturation; and (ii) to determine whether expression of the mutant receptor would correct the severe growth plate abnormalities of PTHrP-ablated mice (PTHrP-/-). The targeted expression of constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors led to delayed mineralization, decelerated conversion of proliferative chondrocytes into hypertrophic cells in skeletal segments that are formed by the endochondral process, and prolonged presence of hypertrophic chondrocytes with delay of vascular invasion. Furthermore, it corrected at birth the growth plate abnormalities of PTHrP-/- mice and allowed their prolonged survival. "Rescued" animals lacked tooth eruption and showed premature epiphyseal closure, indicating that both processes involve PTHrP. These findings suggest that rescued PTHrP-/- mice may gain considerable importance for studying the diverse, possibly tissue-specific role(s) of PTHrP in postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schipani
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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27
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Ethelberg S, Sørensen AB, Schmidt J, Luz A, Pedersen FS. An SL3-3 murine leukemia virus enhancer variant more pathogenic than the wild type obtained by assisted molecular evolution in vivo. J Virol 1997; 71:9796-9. [PMID: 9371648 PMCID: PMC230292 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.12.9796-9799.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SL3-3 is a highly T-lymphomagenic murine retrovirus in which the transcriptional enhancer is a major oncogenic determinant. Here, we describe an SL3-3 enhancer variant that induced T-cell lymphomas in all inoculated mice with a shorter latency period than wild-type SL3-3. The enhancer repeat region of this variant contains two deletions encompassing the nuclear factor 1 binding sites in addition to an additional intact enhancer repeat element. Tumors induced by this variant were T-cell lymphomas, as indicated by T-cell receptor rearrangements, and contained the input provirus enhancer regions. The variant was the result of mutation of specific transcription factor binding sites in the viral enhancer, isolation of rare second-site enhancer variants from the resulting induced tumors, and subsequent restoration of the original first-site mutations of one such variant. We have termed this process assisted molecular evolution.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Viral
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Genetic Variation
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/virology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proviruses
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ethelberg
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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28
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van der Houven van Oordt CW, Smits R, Williamson SL, Luz A, Khan PM, Fodde R, van der Eb AJ, Breuer ML. Intestinal and extra-intestinal tumor multiplicities in the Apc1638N mouse model after exposure to X-rays. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18:2197-203. [PMID: 9395221 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven-week-old Apc1638N mice were exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy total-body X-irradiation resulting in a 8-fold increase in the number of intestinal tumors and a reduction of the lifespan to an average of 6 months. The distribution of tumors along the intestinal tract as well as the adenoma/carcinoma ratio, were similar between non-irradiated and irradiated animals. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of intestinal-tumor DNA revealed that 10 out of 14 tumors had lost the wild-type Apc allele. However, in contrast to spontaneous Apc1638N intestinal tumors in which the LOH event at the Apc locus involves the entire chromosome 18 (1), in 6 out of 10 tumors derived from X-irradiated animals the Apc loss is associated with only a partial intrachromosomal deletion. The remaining tumors have lost all chromosome 18 markers tested. In addition to the intestinal tumors, female Apc1638N mice are susceptible to the development of mammary tumors. Upon X-irradiation, Apc1638N mice show a striking 15-fold increase in mammary tumors. Moreover, Apc1638N mice spontaneously develop other extra-intestinal neoplasia, such as desmoid-like lesions similar to those associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), the human syndrome caused by germline mutations in the APC gene. Spontaneous desmoid growth is sex-dependent, as male Apc1638N mice develop 3-fold more desmoids than female mice. Interestingly, X-irradiation seemed to increase the number of desmoids per animal nearly twofold only in female Apc1638N mice. Five out of 9 desmoids found in Apc1638N mice exposed to X-ray displayed loss of the wild-type Apc allele.
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29
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Ethelberg S, Lovmand J, Schmidt J, Luz A, Pedersen FS. Increased lymphomagenicity and restored disease specificity of AML1 site (core) mutant SL3-3 murine leukemia virus by a second-site enhancer variant evolved in vivo. J Virol 1997; 71:7273-80. [PMID: 9311802 PMCID: PMC192069 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.10.7273-7280.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SL3-3 is a highly T-lymphomagenic murine retrovirus. The major genetic determinant of disease is the transcriptional enhancer, which consists of a repeated region with densely packed binding sites for several transcription factors, including AML1 (also known as core binding factor and polyoma enhancer-binding protein 2) and nuclear factor 1 (NF1). Previously, we examined the enhancer structure of proviruses from murine tumors induced by SL3-3 with mutated AML1 (core) sites and found a few cases of second-site alterations. These consisted of deletions involving the NF1 sites and alterations in overall number of repeat elements, and they conferred increased enhancer strength in transient transcription assays. We have now tested the pathogenicity of a virus harboring one such second-site variant enhancer in inbred NMRI mice. It induced lymphomas with a 100% incidence and a significantly shorter latency than the AML1 mutant it evolved from. The enhancer structure thus represents the selection for a more tumorigenic virus variant during the pathogenic process. Sequencing of provirus from the induced tumors showed the new enhancer variant to be genetically stable. Also, Southern blotting showed that the tumors induced by the variant were T-cell lymphomas, as were the wild-type-induced lymphomas. In contrast, tumors induced by the original core/AML1 site I-II mutant appeared to be of non-T-cell origin and several proviral genomes with altered enhancer regions could be found in the tumors. Moreover, reporter constructs with the new tumor-derived variant could not be transactivated by AML1 in cotransfection experiments as could the wild type. These results emphasize the importance of both core/AML1 site I and site II for the pathogenic potential of SL3-3 and at the same time show that second-site alterations can form a viral variant with a substantial pathogenic potential although both AML1 sites I and II are nonfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ethelberg
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Endres R, Luz A, Schulze H, Neubauer H, Fütterer A, Holland SM, Wagner H, Pfeffer K. Listeriosis in p47(phox-/-) and TRp55-/- mice: protection despite absence of ROI and susceptibility despite presence of RNI. Immunity 1997; 7:419-32. [PMID: 9324362 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The significance of host defense mechanisms in primary listeriosis in vivo is incompletely understood. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor receptor p55-/- (TRp55-/-) mice are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection in the presence of leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory cytokine production (including IFNgamma), nitric oxide synthesis, and oxidative burst formation. Mice deficient for oxidative burst (p47[phox-/-] mice) are relatively resistant to listeriosis. Despite activation of these antibacterial effector systems, TRp55-/- phagocytes in vivo are incapable of confining and eradicating L. monocytogenes inside phagolysosomes. Bone marrow chimeras reveal that for eradication of L. monocytogenes, TRp55 is crucially required only on cells from hematopoietic origin. Unexpectedly, prior to death, exocrine pancreatic cells undergo apoptosis in TRp55-/- mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in vivo, TRp55 initiates a protective, listericidal mechanism in phagocytes that differs from nitric oxide production and oxidative burst formation and that uncontrolled listeriosis results in necrotizing pancreatitis in TRp55-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Endres
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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31
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent literature of familial cancer, specifically related to germline mutations of RB1, p53, NF1, ATM, BRCA1, Mismatch repair genes and APC is reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Germline mutations do not relate to an increased tumor risk of any single tissue, but instead to spectra of neoplastic diseases. The genetic background plays a major role in modifying the cancer risk. Therefore, mass screening for mutations of single genes seems to be without practical value. Only in combination with an adequate and informative family history can molecular genetic analysis significantly support the care for the individual. Comparison of the data of patients inheriting germline mutations and the experience from the corresponding "knockout" mouse demonstrate that only the p53 and APC knockout mice are useful models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luz
- GSF-Institut für Pathologie, Neuherberg
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32
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Alimzhanov MB, Kuprash DV, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Luz A, Turetskaya RL, Tarakhovsky A, Rajewsky K, Nedospasov SA, Pfeffer K. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid tissues in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:9302-7. [PMID: 9256477 PMCID: PMC23168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokines lymphotoxin (LT) alpha and LTbeta form heterotrimers that are expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes and natural killer cells; LTalpha homotrimers can be secreted as well. Mice with a disrupted LTalpha gene lack lymph nodes (LN), Peyer's patches (PP), and follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks and reveal profound defects of the splenic architecture. However, it is unclear which of these abnormalities is the result of the absence in LTalpha homotrimers or LTalphabeta heterotrimers. To distinguish between these two possibilities, a mouse strain deficient in LTbeta was created employing Cre/loxP-mediated gene targeting. Mice deficient in LTbeta reveal severe defects in organogenesis of the lymphoid system similar to those of LTalpha-/- mice, except that mesenteric and cervical LN are present in most LTbeta-deficient mice. Both LTbeta- and LTalpha-deficient mice show significant lymphocytosis in the circulation and peritoneal cavity and lymphocytic infiltrations in lungs and liver. After immunization, PNA-positive B cell clusters were detected in the splenic white pulp of LTbeta-deficient mice, but FDC networks were severely underdeveloped. Collectively, these results indicate that LTalpha can signal independently from LTbeta in the formation of PNA-positive foci in the spleen, and especially in the development of mesenteric and cervical LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Alimzhanov
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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33
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Amtoft HW, Sørensen AB, Bareil C, Schmidt J, Luz A, Pedersen FS. Stability of AML1 (core) site enhancer mutations in T lymphomas induced by attenuated SL3-3 murine leukemia virus mutants. J Virol 1997; 71:5080-7. [PMID: 9188573 PMCID: PMC191741 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.7.5080-5087.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine retrovirus SL3-3 is highly T lymphomagenic. Its pathogenic properties are determined by the transcriptional enhancer of the U3 repeat region which shows preferential activity in T cells. Within the U3 repeats, the major determinant of T-cell specificity has been mapped to binding sites for the AML1 transcription factor family (also known as the core binding factor [CBF], polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2 [PEBP2], and SL3-3 enhancer factor 1 [SEF-1]). SL3-3 viruses with AML1 site mutations have lost a major determinant of T-cell-specific enhancer function but have been found to retain a lymphomagenic potential, although disease induction is slower than for the SL3-3 wild type. To compare the specificities and mechanisms of disease induction of wild-type and mutant viruses, we have examined lymphomas induced by mutant viruses harboring transversions of three consecutive base pairs critical to AML1 site function (B. Hallberg, J. Schmidt, A. Luz, F. S. Pedersen, and T. Grundström. J. Virol. 65:4177-4181, 1991). Our results show that the mutated AML1 sites are genetically stable during lymphomagenesis and that ecotropic provirus numbers in DNA of tumors induced by wild-type and mutant viruses fall within the same range. Moreover, proviruses were found to be integrated at the c-myc locus in similar proportions of wild-type and mutant SL3-3-induced tumors, and the mutated AML1 sites of proviruses at c-myc are unaltered. In some cases, however, including one c-myc-integrated provirus, a single-base pair change was detected in a second, weaker AML1 binding site. By DNA rearrangement analysis of the T-cell receptor beta-locus, tumors induced by the AML1 site mutants are found to be of the T-cell type. Thus, although the AML1 site mutants have weakened T-cell-specific enhancers they are T-lymphomagenic, and wild-type- and mutant-virus-induced tumor DNAs are similar with respect to the number of overall ecotropic and c-myc-integrated clonal proviruses. The SL3-3 wild-type and AML1 site mutant viruses may therefore induce disease by similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Amtoft
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
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34
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Endres R, Luz A, Fütterer A, Neubauer H, Wagner H, Pfeffer K. Defective bactericidal phagocyte function and development of an acute pancreatitis in TNFRp55-deficient mice after L. monocytogenes infection. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and superantigens (exotoxins) have been identified as potent inducers of lethal shock. While endotoxin primarily interacts with CD14 receptors on macrophages, superantigens like the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) preferentially activate T cells. Both cell types are triggered to release pro-inflammatory cytokines that in turn induce lethal shock. We analyzed whether endotoxin and superantigen interact during the induction phase of lethal shock. We report that LPS and SEB operate synergistically. Lethal doses of both inducers were reduced 100-fold when given in combination. The induced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were elevated and remained high for a prolonged period. Moreover, synergistic action of LPS and SEB induced lethal toxic shock even without presensitization of mice with D-galactosamine (D-GalN). Opposed to D-GalN-pretreated mice, mice injected with LPS and SEB showed less liver damage, but rather apoptosis of epithelial cells in the bowel. Cyclosporin A and treatment with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody blocked the synergistic action of LPS and SEB, indicating that T cell-derived IFN-gamma is the mediator of the observed synergism. Concomitant injection of LPS and SEB had no influence on SEB-induced T cell deletion and anergy induction. Since Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can be recovered from septic blood samples, the synergistic action of endotoxin and superantigens might be relevant during lethal septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blank
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
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36
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Abstract
Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10-12-week old and weighing about 240 g, were injected intravenously with 237Np-nitrate. In the toxicological study 77 rats served as controls and 28 rats per group received single doses of 5.2 and 26 kBq, respectively, per kg body weight. In addition, 12 rats of each injection level, sacrificed at defined points in time, were used for dosimetric studies. During the whole life-span the body weight and 237Np whole body-content of each animal were recorded. After death a detailed pathological examination was made of each animal in the cronical study. One day after injection 48% of the injected activity was in the skeleton, 9.3% in the liver, 3% in the kidneys and 4.4% in the rest of the organs. Whereas in all organs the activity decreased very fast, the half-life in the skeleton was about 1400 days. The bodyweights were comparable in the three groups, but the life span decreased from 800 days (control group) to 644 days after injection (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group). The main lesions in the female rats were mammary tumors (73%) and pituitary gland tumors (52%). With increasing activity the incidence of pituary gland tumors decreased and that of osteosarcomas increased from 1.3% (control group) to 32% (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group), whereas the remaining lesions showed no influence on the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sontag
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie, Germany
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37
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Ethelberg S, Hallberg B, Lovmand J, Schmidt J, Luz A, Grundström T, Pedersen FS. Second-site proviral enhancer alterations in lymphomas induced by enhancer mutants of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus: negative effect of nuclear factor 1 binding site. J Virol 1997; 71:1196-206. [PMID: 8995642 PMCID: PMC191173 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.2.1196-1206.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SL3-3 is a highly T-lymphomagenic murine retrovirus. Previously, mutation of binding sites in the U3 repeat region for the AML1 transcription factor family (also known as core binding factor [CBF], polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2 [PEBP2], and SL3-3 enhancer factor 1 [SEF1]) were found to strongly reduce the pathogenicity of SL3-3 (B. Hallberg, J. Schmidt, A. Luz, F. S. Pedersen, and T. Grundström, J. Virol. 65:4177-4181, 1991). We have now examined the few cases in which tumors developed harboring proviruses that besides the AML1 (core) site mutations carried second-site alterations in their U3 repeat structures. In three distinct cases we observed the same type of alteration which involved deletions of regions known to contain binding sites for nuclear factor 1 (NF1) and the addition of extra enhancer repeat elements. In transient-expression experiments in T-lymphoid cells, these new U3 regions acted as stronger enhancers than the U3 regions of the original viruses. This suggests that the altered proviruses represent more-pathogenic variants selected for in the process of tumor formation. To analyze the proviral alterations, we generated a series of different enhancer-promoter reporter constructs. These constructs showed that the additional repeat elements are not critical for enhancer strength, whereas the NF1 sites down-regulate the level of transcription in T-lymphoid cells whether or not the AML1 (core) sites are functional. We therefore also tested SL3-3 viruses with mutated NF1 sites. These viruses have unimpaired pathogenic properties and thereby distinguish SL3-3 from Moloney murine leukemia virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ethelberg
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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Silva AC, Luz A, Medeiros A, Macedo E. [The healthy life]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1997; 10:71-4. [PMID: 9245181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is based on a comparison of the habits and opinions of a group of pupils on entering the Damaia Preparatory School (5th and 6th years of education) and of the same group on leaving this School. Its aim is to contribute towards an adequate education for health at school in order to promote healthy living habits. The study was based on the comparison of data obtained from two random samples, chosen from the same group of pupils when entering (n1 = 36 out of a total of 368) and leaving (n2 = 32 out of a total of 164) the above mentioned school. The collection of data was carried out by means of a multiple-choice questionnaire given to a total of 532 pupils. The results demonstrated that the frequencies have changed in the following way: a) bathing has increased; b) tea drinking has decreased; c) the image of the teacher as a smoker has become less frequent; d) the number of pupils who have tried alcoholic beverages has increased; e) mother's smoking habits have increased. The other trends that were found in the study showed that there were no significant changes in either the behaviour or opinions that had been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Silva
- Centro de Saúde da Reboleira, Escola Preparatória da Damaia, Amadora
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Klein D, Michaelsen S, Sato S, Luz A, Stampfl A, Summer KH. Binding of Cu to metallothionein in tissues of the LEC rat with inherited abnormal copper accumulation. Arch Toxicol 1997; 71:340-3. [PMID: 9137814 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats aged 16 +/- 4 weeks with histopathological alterations of liver and kidney, exhibited elevated Cu levels in liver, kidney and spleen which were 52, 27 and 5 times higher than those of the respective tissues of age-matched Wistar rats. About 61% of hepatic and about 38% of renal Cu was recovered in the cytosolic fraction. Metallothionein (MT) levels were found to correlate with the cytosolic Cu concentrations in liver and kidney. According to differential MT analysis, about 68 and 82% of hepatic and renal MT was loaded with Cu. The portion of MT which binds Cu was negatively correlated with the ratio of cytosolic Zn/Cu in all organs investigated. Despite high MT levels and the high percentage of Cu binding to MT, particularly in liver and kidney, considerable amounts of Cu remained unbound to MT. This non-MT bound Cu showed good correlation with the total cytosolic Cu content, and might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Cu toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Klein
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University, München, Germany
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Ostergaard M, Pedersen L, Schmidt J, Luz A, Lovmand J, Erfle V, Pedersen FS, Strauss PG. Mapping of a major osteomagenic determinant of murine leukemia virus RFB-14 to non-long terminal repeat sequences. J Virol 1997; 71:645-9. [PMID: 8985395 PMCID: PMC191096 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.1.645-649.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain isolates of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) have, apart from a leukemogenic potential, the capability of inducing diseases of nonhematopoietic tissues in susceptible strains of mice. We have reported on the molecular cloning of a bone-tumorigenic virus, RFB-14 MuLV, which was found to induce benign bone tumors, osteomas, with 100% incidence in mice of the CBA/Ca strain (L. Pedersen, W. Behnisch, J. Schmidt, A. Luz, F. S. Pedersen, V. Erfle, and P. G. Strauss, J. Virol. 66:6186-6190, 1992). In order to analyze the bone tumor-inducing phenotype of RFB-14 MuLV, we have studied the pathogenic potential of recombinant viruses between RFB-14 and the nonosteomagenic, highly leukemogenic SL3-3 MuLV. The recombinants were constructed so as to reveal whether a major determinant of osteomagenicity maps to sequences within or outside the long terminal repeats (LTR). Our data show that a major determinant of the osteoma-inducing potential of RFB-14 MuLV maps to the non-LTR region of the genome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a strong determinant of leukemogenicity is harbored by the non-LTR region of SL3-3 MuLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ostergaard
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Khalil RM, Luz A, Mailhammer R, Moeller J, Mohamed AA, Omran S, Dörmer P, Hültner L. Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice augments the capacity for interleukin 3 (IL-3) and IL-9 production and concurrently enlarges progenitor pools for mast cells and granulocytes-macrophages. Infect Immun 1996; 64:4960-6. [PMID: 8945533 PMCID: PMC174475 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.12.4960-4966.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and granulocytes-macrophages (GM) are components of the host defense system against worm infections, including schistosomiasis. Here we report the kinetics of changes in the number of colony-forming cells (CFC) for mast cells and GM during the course of a primary experimental infection of mice with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae over a period of 24 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Concurrently, we measured known myelopoietic and/or mast cell-stimulating cytokines (i.e., interleukin 3 [IL-3] and IL-9) in pokeweed mitogen-activated spleen cell-conditioned medium. Our results show that during the acute phase of the hepatic granulomatous reaction, the numbers of both mast-CFC and GM-CFC were significantly elevated in bone marrow. However, while femoral GM-CFC numbers had returned to normal control values at week 16 p.i., femoral and splenic mast-CFC numbers remained significantly elevated until week 20 p.i., which corresponds to the chronic fibrotic phase of hepatic granulomatous inflammation. Increased GM-CFC numbers correlated with elevated IL-3 levels, while increased mast-CFC numbers paralleled the increased IL-9 concentrations in spleen cell-conditioned medium. By the reverse transcription-PCR method, enhanced expression of IL-3 and IL-9 transcripts was found in RNA samples obtained from livers and spleens of infected mice. Our data demonstrate that during the course of infection of mice with S. mansoni, the coordinate need for mast cells and GM is at least partly regulated at the stage of progenitor cell commitment in the bone marrow and spleen. It appears that IL-3 and IL-9 help to promote at this stage the ultimate generation of mature effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Khalil
- GSF-Institut für Experimentelle Hämatologie, Munich, Germany
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Gimbel W, Schmidt J, Brack-Werner R, Luz A, Strauss PG, Erfle V, Werner T. Molecular and pathogenic characterization of the RFB osteoma virus: lack of oncogene and induction of osteoma, osteopetrosis, and lymphoma. Virology 1996; 224:533-8. [PMID: 8874513 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RFB virus is an ecotropic C-type retrovirus isolated from CF-1 mice, in which it is associated with induction of osteomas. Sequence analysis of the RFB provirus revealed no evidence for presence of an oncogene or a recombined env gene. RFB virus is a member of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) group (RFB MuLV), sharing 97% nucleotide identity with the endogenous ecotropic provirus of AKR mice (Akv). Like Akv, expression of RFB MuLV mRNAs is inducible by dexamethasone treatment, indicating that FRB MuLV also shares transcriptional control signals with Akv. We assessed the pathogenic potential of RFB MuLV in NMRI mice, which, in contrast to CF-1 mice, do not contain endogenous ecotropic retroviruses. RFB MuLV induced osteomas, osteopetrosis, and lymphomas in newborn NMRI mice. Another CF-1 mouse-derived leukemia virus, FBJ MuLV, the helper virus of the FBJ osteosarcoma virus stock, as well as Akv, also induced osteomas, osteopetrosis, and lymphomas in NMRI mice similar to RFB MuLV. These findings indicate that endogenous retroviruses carry a pathogenic potential in hematopoietic tissues and in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gimbel
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Molecular Virology, Neuherberg, Germany
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Khalil RM, Hültner L, Mailhammer R, Luz A, Moeller J, Mohamed AA, Omran S, Dörmer P. Kinetics of interleukin-6 production after experimental infection of mice with Schistosoma mansoni. Immunol Suppl 1996; 89:256-61. [PMID: 8943723 PMCID: PMC1456498 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is expressed in cells of acute inflammatory granulomas experimentally induced in mice by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. Moreover, in vitro IL-6 was shown to enhance the cytotoxic activity of human platelets against larvae of S. mansoni. To elucidate further a proposed biological significance of this cytokine during the course of schistosomiasis, we studied the kinetics of IL-6 production and concomitantly performed a histopathological analysis of the livers in BALB/c mice subcutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae. Over a period of 24 weeks postinfection (p.i.) we monitored serum IL-6 levels, IL-6 production in vitro by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated spleen cells as well as IL-6 mRNA expression in livers, spleens and kidneys. We found significantly elevated IL-6 levels in PWM-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned media (SCM) at weeks 6 to 20 p.i., peaking at week 10 p.i. In contrast, serum IL-6 concentrations started to rise not before week 8 but remained significantly elevated above normal control values until week 24 p.i. The time pattern of enhanced IL-6 mRNA expression detected in spleens and livers, but not in kidneys, as well as the rises of IL-6 in SCM and with a delay of 2 weeks in serum samples correlated with the onset of the egg-induced inflammatory reactions as well as the incidence and the number of the granulomas observed histopathologically in the livers of infected mice. Our data emphasize both a local and a systemic role of IL-6 in the host immune response following infection of mice with S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Khalil
- GSF-Institute für Experimentelle Hämatologie, München, Germany
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Lanske B, Karaplis AC, Lee K, Luz A, Vortkamp A, Pirro A, Karperien M, Defize LH, Ho C, Mulligan RC, Abou-Samra AB, Jüppner H, Segre GV, Kronenberg HM. PTH/PTHrP receptor in early development and Indian hedgehog-regulated bone growth. Science 1996; 273:663-6. [PMID: 8662561 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5275.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The PTH/PTHrP receptor binds to two ligands with distinct functions: the calcium-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP). Each ligand, in turn, is likely to activate more than one receptor. The functions of the PTH/PTHrP receptor were investigated by deletion of the murine gene by homologous recombination. Most PTH/PTHrP receptor (-/-) mutant mice died in mid-gestation, a phenotype not observed in PTHrP (-/-) mice, perhaps because of the effects of maternal PTHrP. Mice that survived exhibited accelerated differentiation of chondrocytes in bone, and their bones, grown in explant culture, were resistant to the effects of PTHrP and Sonic hedgehog. These results suggest that the PTH/PTHrP receptor mediates the effects of Indian Hedgehog and PTHrP on chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lanske
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
Lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha) may form secreted homotrimers binding to p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors or cell surface-bound heterotrimers with LT-beta that interact with the LT-beta receptor. Genetic ablation of LT-alpha revealed that mutant mice have no detectable lymph nodes or Peyer's patches and that the organization of the splenic white pulp in T and B cell areas is disturbed. In this report we describe a novel function for the p55 TNF receptor during ontogeny and demonstrate that mice deficient for p55 completely lack organized Peyer's patches. In contrast, lymph nodes and spleen are present in p55-deficient mice and lymphocytes segregate normally into B and T cell areas in these organs. Lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes of the small intestine were detected in normal number and distribution in p55 mutant mice. Lymphocytes and endothelial cells from p55-deficient mice express normal levels of adhesion molecules considered important for lymphocyte migration to mucosal organs; this indicates that the lack of Peyer's patches does not result from a defect in lymphocyte homing. In summary, the p55 receptor for TNF selectively mediates organogenesis of Peyer's patches throughout ontogeny, suggesting that the effects of LT-alpha on the development of lymphoid organs may be mediated by distinct receptors, each functioning in an organ-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Gosslar U, Jonas P, Luz A, Lifka A, Naor D, Hamann A, Holzmann B. Predominant role of alpha 4-integrins for distinct steps of lymphoma metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4821-6. [PMID: 8643487 PMCID: PMC39363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the role of alpha4-integrins in lymphoma metastasis, sublines of the T-cell lymphoma LB were generated by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer that differ exclusively in the expression of alpha4-integrins. Using LB-alpha4 and control LB-NTK cells, we demonstrate that expression of alpha4-integrins strongly suppresses metastasis formation of LB lymphoma cells in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches after i.v. injection into syngeneic BALB/c mice. Moreover, alpha4-integrin expression inhibited development of metastatic tumors in liver, lung, and kidney. Expansion of LB lymphoma cells in bone marrow was not affected by alpha4-integrin expression. In vivo migration assays using 51Cr-labeled lymphoma cells demonstrated that low-metastatic LB-alpha4 cells accumulated with the same efficiency as high-metastatic LB-NTK cells in all target organs examined and were even enriched in mucosal lymphoid organs. Collectively, these results indicate that alpha4-integrins inhibit metastasis formation of lymphoma cells at a stage subsequent to the invasion of target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gosslar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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Speth C, Luz A, Strauss PG, Wendel S, Zeidler R, Dorn S, Erfle V, Brem G, Lipp M, Schmidt J. Akv murine leukemia virus enhances lymphomagenesis in myc-kappa transgenic and in wild-type mice. Virology 1995; 206:93-9. [PMID: 7831845 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(95)80023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of endogenous retroviruses to the multistep process of lymphomagenesis was investigated in wild-type mice and in two different myc-kappa transgenic mouse lines by infection with Akv. This retrovirus is derived from the endogenous ecotropic provirus of the AKR mouse and was previously considered to be nonlymphomagenic. The mice of the two myc-k transgenic lines are predisposed to B-cell lymphomagenesis and were therefore considered to be more susceptible to Akv. For comparison, the same mouse strains were also infected with the exogenous Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV). Both MoMuLV and Akv increased the tumor incidence and shortened the tumor latency period in wild-type mice and in the transgenic mouse lines. The differences in pathogenicity, number of provirus integrations, and level of virus expression between MoMuLV and Akv indicate different mechanisms of lymphomagenesis: while MoMuLV induced tumors apparently by insertional mutagenesis involving common integration sites similar to previous reports, the enhancement of lymphomagenesis by Akv seems to be directed by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Speth
- GSF-Institut für Molekulare Virologie, Neuherberg, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Schmidt J, Krump-Konvalinkova V, Luz A, Goralczyk R, Snell G, Wendel S, Dorn S, Pedersen L, Strauss PG, Erfle V. Akv murine leukemia virus enhances bone tumorigenesis in hMT-c-fos-LTR transgenic mice. Virology 1995; 206:85-92. [PMID: 7831844 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(95)80022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
hMt-c-fos-LTR transgenic mice (U. Rüther, D. Komitowski, F. R. Schubert, and E. F. Wagner. Oncogene 4, 861-865, 1989) developed bone sarcomas in 20% (3/15) of females at 448 +/- 25 days and in 8% (1/12) of males at 523 days. After infection of newborns with Akv, an infectious retrovirus derived from the ecotropic provirus of the AKR mouse, 69% (20/28) of female animals and 83% (24/29) of males developed malignant fibrous-osseous tumors. The tumors in infected transgenics developed with higher frequency and a 200-days shorter mean tumor latency period. The hMt-c-fos-LTR transgene was expressed in all the fibrous-osseous tumors. They also showed newly integrated Akv proviruses, but in most tumors Akv was detected and expressed in only a small number of the tumor cells. Wild-type C3H mice infected with Akv developed benign osteomas with an incidence of 33% and a latency period of 474 days. The data indicate that Akv exerts distinct pathogenic effects on the skeleton. In hMt-c-fos-LTR transgenic mice, predisposed to bone sarcomagenesis, Akv acts synergistically with the fos transgene, resulting in the development of fibrous-osseous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- GSF-Institut für Molekulare Virologie, Neuherberg, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Speth C, Luz A, Krump-Konvalinkova V, Strauss PG, Erfle V, Lipp M, Schmidt J. Endogenous retroviruses enhance oncogene-induced neoplasia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02559785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pedersen L, Østergaard M, Gimbel W, Schmidt J, Luz A, Erfle V, Pedersen FS, Strauss PG. Major osteoma-inducing determinants of the murine leukemia virus RFB map to the viral coding region. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02559801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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