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Wang AZ, Mashimo BL, Schaettler MO, Sherpa ND, Leavitt LA, Livingstone AJ, Khan SM, Li M, Anzaldua-Campos MI, Bradley JD, Leuthardt EC, Kim AH, Dowling JL, Chicoine MR, Jones PS, Choi BD, Cahill DP, Carter BS, Petti AA, Johanns TM, Dunn GP. Glioblastoma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are predominantly a clonally expanded GZMK+ effector population. Cancer Discov 2024:734950. [PMID: 38416133 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have highlighted the limited efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To better understand the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in GBM, we performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with paired V(D)J sequencing, respectively, on TIL from two cohorts of patients totaling 15 patients with high grade glioma, including GBM or astrocytoma, IDH mutant, grade 4 (G4A). Analysis of the CD8+ TIL landscape reveals an enrichment of clonally expanded GZMK+ effector T cells in the tumor compared to matched blood, which was validated at the protein level. Furthermore, integration with other cancer types highlights the lack of a canonically exhausted CD8+ T cell population in GBM TIL. These data suggest that GZMK+ effector T cells represent an important T cell subset within the GBM microenvironment and which may harbor potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Z Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saad M Khan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Mao Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Albert H Kim
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joshua L Dowling
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Pamela S Jones
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tanner M Johanns
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Barrett TF, Patel B, Khan SM, Mullins RDZ, Yim AKY, Pugazenthi S, Mahlokozera T, Zipfel GJ, Herzog JA, Chicoine MR, Wick CC, Durakovic N, Osbun JW, Shew M, Sweeney AD, Patel AJ, Buchman CA, Petti AA, Puram SV, Kim AH. Single-cell multi-omic analysis of the vestibular schwannoma ecosystem uncovers a nerve injury-like state. Nat Commun 2024; 15:478. [PMID: 38216553 PMCID: PMC10786875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors that lead to significant neurologic and otologic morbidity. How VS heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to VS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we perform scRNA-seq on 15 VS, with paired scATAC-seq (n = 6) and exome sequencing (n = 12). We identify diverse Schwann cell (SC), stromal, and immune populations in the VS TME and find that repair-like and MHC-II antigen-presenting SCs are associated with myeloid cell infiltrate, implicating a nerve injury-like process. Deconvolution analysis of RNA-expression data from 175 tumors reveals Injury-like tumors are associated with larger tumor size, and scATAC-seq identifies transcription factors associated with nerve repair SCs from Injury-like tumors. Ligand-receptor analysis and in vitro experiments suggest that Injury-like VS-SCs recruit myeloid cells via CSF1 signaling. Our study indicates that Injury-like SCs may cause tumor growth via myeloid cell recruitment and identifies molecular pathways that may be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bhuvic Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saad M Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riley D Z Mullins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aldrin K Y Yim
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangami Pugazenthi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tatenda Mahlokozera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacques A Herzog
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Chicoine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cameron C Wick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nedim Durakovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua W Osbun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Shew
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex D Sweeney
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akash J Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Buchman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Emile SH, Khan SM, Garoufalia Z, Silva-Alvarenga E, Gefen R, Horesh N, Freund MR, Wexner SD. A network meta-analysis of surgical treatments of complete rectal prolapse. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:787-797. [PMID: 37150800 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical treatment of complete rectal prolapse can be undertaken via an abdominal or a perineal approach. The present network meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of different abdominal and perineal procedures for rectal prolapse in terms of recurrence, complications, and improvement in fecal incontinence (FI). METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. Randomized clinical trials comparing two or more procedures for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 tool. The main outcomes were recurrence of full-thickness rectal prolapse, complications, operation time, and improvement in FI. RESULTS Nine randomized controlled trials with 728 patients were included. The follow-up ranged between 12 and 47 months. Posterior mesh rectopexy had significantly lower odds of recurrence than did the Altemeier procedure (logOR, - 12.75; 95% credible intervals, - 40.91, - 1.75), Delorme procedure (- 13.10; - 41.26, - 2.09), resection rectopexy (- 11.98; - 41.36, - 0.19), sponge rectopexy (- 13.19; - 42.87, - 0.54), and sutured rectopexy (- 13.12; - 42.58, - 1.50), but similar odds to ventral mesh rectopexy (- 12.09; - 41.7, 0.03). Differences among the procedures in complications, operation time, and improvement in FI were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Posterior mesh rectopexy ranked best with the lowest recurrence while perineal procedures ranked worst with the highest recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Emile
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S M Khan
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Z Garoufalia
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - E Silva-Alvarenga
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - R Gefen
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Horesh
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - M R Freund
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S D Wexner
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
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4
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Khan SM, Velez J, Iwuchukwu I, Nguyen D. Pilot assessment of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers associated with intracerebral hemorrhage amongst patients with end stage kidney disease. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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Khan SM, Desai R, Coxon A, Livingstone A, Dunn GP, Petti A, Johanns TM. Impact of CD4 T cells on intratumoral CD8 T-cell exhaustion and responsiveness to PD-1 blockade therapy in mouse brain tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005293. [PMID: 36543376 PMCID: PMC9772691 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a fatal disease despite aggressive multimodal therapy. PD-1 blockade, a therapy that reinvigorates hypofunctional exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) in many malignancies, has not shown efficacy in glioblastoma. Loss of CD4 T cells can lead to an exhausted CD8 T-cell phenotype, and terminally exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex term) do not respond to PD-1 blockade. GL261 and CT2A are complementary orthotopic models of glioblastoma. GL261 has a functional CD4 T-cell compartment and is responsive to PD-1 blockade; notably, CD4 depletion abrogates this survival benefit. CT2A is composed of dysfunctional CD4 T cells and is PD-1 blockade unresponsive. We leverage these models to understand the impact of CD4 T cells on CD8 T-cell exhaustion and PD-1 blockade sensitivity in glioblastoma. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on flow sorted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from female C57/BL6 mice implanted with each model, with and without PD-1 blockade therapy. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified and separately analyzed. Survival analyses were performed comparing PD-1 blockade therapy, CD40 agonist or combinatorial therapy. RESULTS The CD8 T-cell compartment of the models is composed of heterogenous CD8 Tex subsets, including progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex prog), intermediate Tex, proliferating Tex, and Tex term. GL261 is enriched with the PD-1 responsive Tex prog subset relative to the CT2A and CD4-depleted GL261 models, which are composed predominantly of the PD-1 blockade refractory Tex term subset. Analysis of the CD4 T-cell compartments revealed that the CT2A microenvironment is enriched with a suppressive Treg subset and an effector CD4 T-cell subset that expresses an inhibitory interferon-stimulated (Isc) signature. Finally, we demonstrate that addition of CD40 agonist to PD-1 blockade therapy improves survival in CT2A tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe that dysfunctional CD4 T cells are associated with terminal CD8 T-cell exhaustion, suggesting CD4 T cells impact PD-1 blockade efficacy by controlling the severity of exhaustion. Given that CD4 lymphopenia is frequently observed in patients with glioblastoma, this may represent a basis for resistance to PD-1 blockade. We demonstrate that CD40 agonism may circumvent a dysfunctional CD4 compartment to improve PD-1 blockade responsiveness, supporting a novel synergistic immunotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Coxon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandra Livingstone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allegra Petti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tanner M Johanns
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Wang AZ, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Desai R, Kang LI, Patel PR, Patel B, Khan SM, Bender D, Marlin MC, Liu J, Osbun JW, Leuthardt EC, Chicoine MR, Dacey RG, Zipfel GJ, Kim AH, DeNardo DG, Petti AA, Dunn GP. Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response. Genome Med 2022; 14:49. [PMID: 35534852 PMCID: PMC9088131 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations of the meninges have highlighted the importance of the dura layer in central nervous system immune surveillance beyond a purely structural role. However, our understanding of the meninges largely stems from the use of pre-clinical models rather than human samples. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing of seven non-tumor-associated human dura samples and six primary meningioma tumor samples (4 matched and 2 non-matched) was performed. Cell type identities, gene expression profiles, and T cell receptor expression were analyzed. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis was performed to identify putative tumor cells and analyze intratumoral CNV heterogeneity. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass cytometry was performed on selected samples to validate protein expression and reveal spatial localization of select protein markers. RESULTS In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to perform the first characterization of both non-tumor-associated human dura and primary meningioma samples. First, we reveal a complex immune microenvironment in human dura that is transcriptionally distinct from that of meningioma. In addition, we characterize a functionally diverse and heterogenous landscape of non-immune cells including endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Through imaging mass cytometry, we highlight the spatial relationship among immune cell types and vasculature in non-tumor-associated dura. Utilizing T cell receptor sequencing, we show significant TCR overlap between matched dura and meningioma samples. Finally, we report copy number variant heterogeneity within our meningioma samples. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive investigation of both the immune and non-immune cellular landscapes of human dura and meningioma at single-cell resolution builds upon previously published data in murine models and provides new insight into previously uncharacterized roles of human dura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Z Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay A Bowman-Kirigin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Liang-I Kang
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pujan R Patel
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bhuvic Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Saad M Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Diane Bender
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Caleb Marlin
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Human Phenotyping Core, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jingxian Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua W Osbun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Michael R Chicoine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ralph G Dacey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Division of Oncology-Molecular Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Berrien-Elliott MM, Foltz JA, Russler-Germain DA, Neal CC, Tran J, Gang M, Wong P, Fisk B, Cubitt CC, Marin ND, Zhou AY, Jacobs MT, Foster M, Schappe T, McClain E, Kersting-Schadek S, Desai S, Pence P, Becker-Hapak M, Eisele J, Mosior M, Marsala L, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Khan SM, Spencer DH, DiPersio JF, Romee R, Uy GL, Abboud CN, Ghobadi A, Westervelt P, Stockerl-Goldstein K, Schroeder MA, Wan F, Lie WR, Soon-Shiong P, Petti AA, Cashen AF, Fehniger TA. Hematopoietic cell transplantation donor-derived memory-like NK cells functionally persist after transfer into patients with leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm1375. [PMID: 35196021 PMCID: PMC9210521 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that eliminate cancer cells, produce cytokines, and are being investigated as a nascent cellular immunotherapy. Impaired NK cell function, expansion, and persistence remain key challenges for optimal clinical translation. One promising strategy to overcome these challenges is cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) differentiation, whereby NK cells acquire enhanced antitumor function after stimulation with interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18. Here, reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) for HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was augmented with same-donor ML NK cells on day +7 and 3 weeks of N-803 (IL-15 superagonist) to treat patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a clinical trial (NCT02782546). In 15 patients, donor ML NK cells were well tolerated, and 87% of patients achieved a composite complete response at day +28, which corresponded with clearing high-risk mutations, including TP53 variants. NK cells were the major blood lymphocytes for 2 months after HCT with 1104-fold expansion (over 1 to 2 weeks). Phenotypic and transcriptional analyses identified donor ML NK cells as distinct from conventional NK cells and showed that ML NK cells persisted for over 2 months. ML NK cells expressed CD16, CD57, and high granzyme B and perforin, along with a unique transcription factor profile. ML NK cells differentiated in patients had enhanced ex vivo function compared to conventional NK cells from both patients and healthy donors. Overall, same-donor ML NK cell therapy with 3 weeks of N-803 support safely augmented RIC haplo-HCT for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A. Russler-Germain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carly C. Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Margery Gang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bryan Fisk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celia C. Cubitt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nancy D. Marin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alice Y. Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Miriam T. Jacobs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark Foster
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ethan McClain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha Kersting-Schadek
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sweta Desai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Pence
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeremy Eisele
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Mosior
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Obi L. Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saad M. Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David H. Spencer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Geoffrey L. Uy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Camille N. Abboud
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Armin Ghobadi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark A. Schroeder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fei Wan
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Allegra A. Petti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda F. Cashen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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8
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Petti AA, Khan SM, Xu Z, Helton N, Fronick CC, Fulton R, Ramakrishnan SM, Nonavinkere Srivatsan S, Heath SE, Westervelt P, Payton JE, Walter MJ, Link DC, DiPersio J, Miller C, Ley TJ. Genetic and Transcriptional Contributions to Relapse in Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:32-49. [PMID: 35019859 PMCID: PMC9924296 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand clonal and transcriptional adaptations after relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we collected presentation and relapse samples from six normal karyotype AML cases. We performed enhanced whole-genome sequencing to characterize clonal evolution, and deep-coverage single-cell RNA sequencing on the same samples, which yielded 142,642 high-quality cells for analysis. Identifying expressed mutations in individual cells enabled us to discriminate between normal and AML cells, to identify coordinated changes in the genome and transcriptome, and to identify subclone-specific cell states. We quantified the coevolution of genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity during AML progression, and found that transcriptional changes were significantly correlated with genetic changes. However, transcriptional adaptation sometimes occurred independently, suggesting that clonal evolution does not represent all relevant biological changes. In three cases, we identified cells at diagnosis that likely seeded the relapse. Finally, these data revealed a conserved relapse-enriched leukemic cell state bearing markers of stemness, quiescence, and adhesion. SIGNIFICANCE: These data enabled us to identify a relapse-enriched leukemic cell state with distinct transcriptional properties. Detailed case-by-case analyses elucidated the complex ways in which the AML genome, transcriptome, and immune microenvironment interact to evade chemotherapy. These analyses provide a blueprint for evaluating these factors in larger cohorts.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra A. Petti
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saad M. Khan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nichole Helton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Catrina C. Fronick
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sai M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Sharon E. Heath
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline E. Payton
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew J. Walter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Author: Timothy J. Ley, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1092. Phone: 314-362-8831; Fax: 314-362-9333; E-mail:
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9
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Wen D, Khan SM, Ji Xu A, Ibrahim H, Smith L, Caballero J, Zepeda L, de Blas Perez C, Denniston AK, Liu X, Matin RN. Characteristics of publicly available skin cancer image datasets: a systematic review. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 4:e64-e74. [PMID: 34772649 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Publicly available skin image datasets are increasingly used to develop machine learning algorithms for skin cancer diagnosis. However, the total number of datasets and their respective content is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate all publicly available skin image datasets used for skin cancer diagnosis by exploring their characteristics, data access requirements, and associated image metadata. A combined MEDLINE, Google, and Google Dataset search identified 21 open access datasets containing 106 950 skin lesion images, 17 open access atlases, eight regulated access datasets, and three regulated access atlases. Images and accompanying data from open access datasets were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Among the 14 datasets that reported country of origin, most (11 [79%]) originated from Europe, North America, and Oceania exclusively. Most datasets (19 [91%]) contained dermoscopic images or macroscopic photographs only. Clinical information was available regarding age for 81 662 images (76·4%), sex for 82 848 (77·5%), and body site for 79 561 (74·4%). Subject ethnicity data were available for 1415 images (1·3%), and Fitzpatrick skin type data for 2236 (2·1%). There was limited and variable reporting of characteristics and metadata among datasets, with substantial under-representation of darker skin types. This is the first systematic review to characterise publicly available skin image datasets, highlighting limited applicability to real-life clinical settings and restricted population representation, precluding generalisability. Quality standards for characteristics and metadata reporting for skin image datasets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wen
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Royal Berkshire Hospital, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Saad M Khan
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Antonio Ji Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Hussein Ibrahim
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Alastair K Denniston
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Rubeta N Matin
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Korot E, Gonçalves MB, Khan SM, Struyven R, Wagner SK, Keane PA. Clinician-driven artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: resources enabling democratization. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:445-451. [PMID: 34265784 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to discuss the current state of resources enabling the democratization of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS Open datasets, efficient labeling techniques, code-free automated machine learning (AutoML) and cloud-based platforms for deployment are resources that enable clinicians with scarce resources to drive their own AI projects. SUMMARY Clinicians are the use-case experts who are best suited to drive AI projects tackling patient-relevant outcome measures. Taken together, open datasets, efficient labeling techniques, code-free AutoML and cloud platforms break the barriers for clinician-driven AI. As AI becomes increasingly democratized through such tools, clinicians and patients stand to benefit greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Korot
- Stanford University Byers Eye Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mariana B Gonçalves
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
- Vision Institute (IPEPO), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Robbert Struyven
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
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11
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Khan SM, Perin G, Balasubramanian SP. Comment on 'low pressure versus standard pressure laparoscopic colorectal surgery (PAROS trial): a phase III randomized controlled trial'. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e316. [PMID: 34370829 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- General Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, England
| | - G Perin
- General Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, England
| | - S P Balasubramanian
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
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12
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Khan SM, Liu X, Nath S, Korot E, Faes L, Wagner SK, Keane PA, Sebire NJ, Burton MJ, Denniston AK. A global review of publicly available datasets for ophthalmological imaging: barriers to access, usability, and generalisability. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e51-e66. [PMID: 33735069 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Health data that are publicly available are valuable resources for digital health research. Several public datasets containing ophthalmological imaging have been frequently used in machine learning research; however, the total number of datasets containing ophthalmological health information and their respective content is unclear. This Review aimed to identify all publicly available ophthalmological imaging datasets, detail their accessibility, describe which diseases and populations are represented, and report on the completeness of the associated metadata. With the use of MEDLINE, Google's search engine, and Google Dataset Search, we identified 94 open access datasets containing 507 724 images and 125 videos from 122 364 patients. Most datasets originated from Asia, North America, and Europe. Disease populations were unevenly represented, with glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration disproportionately overrepresented in comparison with other eye diseases. The reporting of basic demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity was poor, even at the aggregate level. This Review provides greater visibility for ophthalmological datasets that are publicly available as powerful resources for research. Our paper also exposes an increasing divide in the representation of different population and disease groups in health data repositories. The improved reporting of metadata would enable researchers to access the most appropriate datasets for their needs and maximise the potential of such resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siddharth Nath
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward Korot
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Stanford University Byers Eye Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Livia Faes
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Eye Clinic, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried K Wagner
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Pearse A Keane
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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13
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Sher DJ, Pham NL, Shah JL, Sen N, Williams KA, Subramaniam RM, Moore W, Chorley R, Ahn C, Khan SM. Prospective Phase 2 Study of Radiation Therapy Dose and Volume De-escalation for Elective Neck Treatment of Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:932-940. [PMID: 33127491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The required elective nodal dose and volumes for head and neck intensity modulated radiation therapy have largely been extrapolated from conventional radiation therapy fields. In this prospective, dual-center, phase 2 study, we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of reduced elective nodal volume and dose in oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and larynx were eligible for enrollment. Each lymph node was characterized as involved or suspicious based on imaging criteria. For oropharynx cancer, only involved and immediately adjacent stations were treated to 40 Gy in 20 fractions. In larynx patients, at least bilateral levels II and III were treated to 40 Gy, with level IV treated only if level III was involved. Involved and suspicious nodes were then boosted with 30 Gy and 24 Gy in 15 fractions, respectively. Concurrent chemotherapy was required for stage T3N0-1 and IVA/B patients. The primary endpoint of the study was solitary elective volume recurrence, with secondary endpoints including patterns of failure and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS A total of 72 (51 oropharynx, 21 larynx) patients completed treatment on this trial from January 2017 through November 2018. The stages at presentations were 5, 17, and 50 stage I-II, III, and IV, respectively, with 90% treated with chemoradiation therapy. At a median follow-up of 24.7 months for surviving patients, there have been no solitary elective nodal recurrences. Seven patients developed a nodal recurrence, 5 of which were in-field and 2 were elective with synchronous in-field recurrence. Patient-reported outcomes assessment at 1 year showed superior or equivalent outcomes compared with baseline, except for saliva and taste measures. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial suggest that elective dose and volume reduction is oncologically sound for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy, with promising quality-of-life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Nhat-Long Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jennifer L Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Neilayan Sen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimberly A Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - William Moore
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Regina Chorley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Saad M Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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14
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Khan SM, Drury NE, Stickley J, Barron DJ, Brawn WJ, Jones TJ, Anderson RH, Crucean A. Tetralogy of Fallot: morphological variations and implications for surgical repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 56:101-109. [PMID: 30657877 PMCID: PMC6580293 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by anterocephalad deviation of the outlet septum, along with abnormal septoparietal trabeculations, which lead to subpulmonary infundibular stenosis. Archives of retained hearts are an important resource for improving our understanding of congenital heart defects and their morphological variability. This study aims to define variations in aortic override, coronary arterial patterns and ventricular septal defects in tetralogy of Fallot as observed in a morphological archive, highlighting implications for surgical management. METHODS The Birmingham Children's Hospital archive contains 211 hearts with tetralogy of Fallot, of which 164 were analysed [69 (42.1%) unrepaired and 95 (57.9%) operated specimens]. A detailed morphological and geometric analysis was performed using a rigorous 5-layer review process. RESULTS Anomalies were observed in the orifices, origins and course of the coronary arteries: 20 hearts (13.0%) had more than 2 orifices and 3 hearts (1.9%) had a single orifice. In 7 hearts (4.3%), a coronary artery crossed the right ventricular outflow tract. The extent of aortic override ranged from 31.0% to 100% (median of 59.5%). The ventricular septal defect was most often perimembranous (139, 84.8%), but we also found muscular (14, 8.5%), atrioventricular (7, 4.3%) and doubly committed juxta-arterial (2, 1.2%) variants. CONCLUSIONS Anatomical variations are common and can impact surgical management. Anomalous coronary arteries may require a conduit rather than a transannular patch. Variability in aortic override determines the size of patch used to baffle blood to the aorta. The type of ventricular septal defect affects patch closure and the risk of postoperative conduction defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel E Drury
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Stickley
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Barron
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - William J Brawn
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy J Jones
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian Crucean
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Khan SM, He F, Wang D, Chen Y, Xu D. MU-PseUDeep: A deep learning method for prediction of pseudouridine sites. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1877-1883. [PMID: 32774783 PMCID: PMC7387732 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudouridine synthase binds to uridine sites and catalyzes the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine (Ψ). This binding takes place in a specific context and in the conformation of nucleotides. Most machine-learning methods for Ψ site classification use nucleotide frequency as a feature, which may not fully depict the relevant conformation around a Ψ site. Using the power of deep learning and raw sequence, as well as secondary structure features, our tool MU-PseUDeep is designed to capture both the sequence and secondary structure context, which inputs the raw RNA sequence and the predicted secondary structure to two sets of convolutional neural networks. It has shown considerable improvement in Ψ site prediction over existing tools, XG-PseU, PseUI, and iRNA-PseU for both balanced and imbalanced datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most accurate tool for Ψ site prediction. We also used MU-PseUDeep to scan the human transcriptome, which shows that the genes with predicted Ψ sites are enriched in nucleotide and protein binding, as well as in neurodegeneration pathways. The tool is open source, available at https://github.com/smk5g5/MU-PseUDeep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. Khan
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Fei He
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Duolin Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Yongbing Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Khan SM, El Karte N, El Hajj Chehadeh S, Hassoun A, Afandi B, Tay GK, Alsafar H. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus & TCF7L2 gene variants in the Emirati population: Genetics of diabetes in the United Arab Emirates. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23434. [PMID: 32445548 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a multifactorial etiology involving a complex interplay between genes and the environment. The prevalence of T2DM among the countries of the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC), including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), ranks among the top 15 in the world. A number of studies have shown an increase in T2DM risk for the "TT" genotype at the rs4506565 and rs12255372 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) of the TCF7L2 gene. However, the association between TCF7L2 and T2DM still needs to be investigated in the UAE population. Therefore, this study analyzed the potential associations with rs4506565 and rs12255372 in UAE subjects. METHODS For this case-control study, T2DM patients (n = 890) and healthy subjects (n = 686) were genotyped using a Taqman Real-Time PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed with the resulting data using the R (version 3.3.1) and STATA (version 13) software packages. RESULTS The rs12255372 SNP was significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00-1.34; P = .042). However, no significant association was found for the rs4506565 SNP (P = .120). After gender stratification, a significant association was found for both SNPs in males (Prs4506565 = .009 and Prs12255372 = .021). Interestingly, we found the interaction between the SNP rs4506565 with gender alone (P = .032) and in conjunction with BMI and age (P = .036) confers associations with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the genetic variants of the TCF7L2 gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to T2DM, especially in Emirati males. Our study also highlights the impact of biological and environmental risk factors including age, BMI, and gender on the genetic susceptibility to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nora El Karte
- Esipe Créteil, Ingénierie Spécialisée en Biomédical et Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sarah El Hajj Chehadeh
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Hassoun
- Dubai Diabetes Centre, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Endocrine Diabetes Center, Tawam Hospital, SEHA, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Hossain MS, Kawakatsu T, Kim KD, Zhang N, Nguyen CT, Khan SM, Batek JM, Joshi T, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Schmitz RJ, Xu D, Jackson SA, Ecker JR, Stacey G. Divergent cytosine DNA methylation patterns in single-cell, soybean root hairs. New Phytol 2017; 214:808-819. [PMID: 28106918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin modifications, such as cytosine methylation of DNA, play a significant role in mediating gene expression in plants, which affects growth, development, and cell differentiation. As root hairs are single-cell extensions of the root epidermis and the primary organs for water uptake and nutrients, we sought to use root hairs as a single-cell model system to measure the impact of environmental stress. We measured changes in cytosine DNA methylation in single-cell root hairs as compared with multicellular stripped roots, as well as in response to heat stress. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in each methylation context showed very distinct methylation patterns between cell types and in response to heat stress. Intriguingly, at normal temperature, root hairs were more hypermethylated than were stripped roots. However, in response to heat stress, both root hairs and stripped roots showed hypomethylation in each context, especially in the CHH context. Moreover, expression analysis of mRNA from similar tissues and treatments identified some associations between DMRs, genes and transposons. Taken together, the data indicate that changes in DNA methylation are directly or indirectly associated with expression of genes and transposons within the context of either specific tissues/cells or stress (heat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Taiji Kawakatsu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 30508602, Japan
| | - Kyung Do Kim
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cuong T Nguyen
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Saad M Khan
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Josef M Batek
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Office of Research, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Genome Sequencing Center, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Robert J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, The University of Georgia, 120 East Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Liu Y, Khan SM, Wang J, Rynge M, Zhang Y, Zeng S, Chen S, Maldonado dos Santos JV, Valliyodan B, Calyam PP, Merchant N, Nguyen HT, Xu D, Joshi T. PGen: large-scale genomic variations analysis workflow and browser in SoyKB. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:337. [PMID: 27766951 PMCID: PMC5074001 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and significant reductions in sequencing costs, it is now possible to sequence large collections of germplasm in crops for detecting genome-scale genetic variations and to apply the knowledge towards improvements in traits. To efficiently facilitate large-scale NGS resequencing data analysis of genomic variations, we have developed "PGen", an integrated and optimized workflow using the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) high-performance computing (HPC) virtual system, iPlant cloud data storage resources and Pegasus workflow management system (Pegasus-WMS). The workflow allows users to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (indels), perform SNP annotations and conduct copy number variation analyses on multiple resequencing datasets in a user-friendly and seamless way. RESULTS We have developed both a Linux version in GitHub ( https://github.com/pegasus-isi/PGen-GenomicVariations-Workflow ) and a web-based implementation of the PGen workflow integrated within the Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB), ( http://soykb.org/Pegasus/index.php ). Using PGen, we identified 10,218,140 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,398,982 indels from analysis of 106 soybean lines sequenced at 15X coverage. 297,245 non-synonymous SNPs and 3330 copy number variation (CNV) regions were identified from this analysis. SNPs identified using PGen from additional soybean resequencing projects adding to 500+ soybean germplasm lines in total have been integrated. These SNPs are being utilized for trait improvement using genotype to phenotype prediction approaches developed in-house. In order to browse and access NGS data easily, we have also developed an NGS resequencing data browser ( http://soykb.org/NGS_Resequence/NGS_index.php ) within SoyKB to provide easy access to SNP and downstream analysis results for soybean researchers. CONCLUSION PGen workflow has been optimized for the most efficient analysis of soybean data using thorough testing and validation. This research serves as an example of best practices for development of genomics data analysis workflows by integrating remote HPC resources and efficient data management with ease of use for biological users. PGen workflow can also be easily customized for analysis of data in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Saad M. Khan
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Juexin Wang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Mats Rynge
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | | | - Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- National Center of Soybean Biotechnology, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Prasad P. Calyam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Nirav Merchant
- iPlant Collaborative, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- National Center of Soybean Biotechnology, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Office of Research, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
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Maldonado dos Santos JV, Valliyodan B, Joshi T, Khan SM, Liu Y, Wang J, Vuong TD, de Oliveira MF, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Xu D, Nguyen HT, Abdelnoor RV. Evaluation of genetic variation among Brazilian soybean cultivars through genome resequencing. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:110. [PMID: 26872939 PMCID: PMC4752768 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is one of the most important legumes cultivated worldwide, and Brazil is one of the main producers of this crop. Since the sequencing of its reference genome, interest in structural and allelic variations of cultivated and wild soybean germplasm has grown. To investigate the genetics of the Brazilian soybean germplasm, we selected soybean cultivars based on the year of commercialization, geographical region and maturity group and resequenced their genomes. RESULTS We resequenced the genomes of 28 Brazilian soybean cultivars with an average genome coverage of 14.8X. A total of 5,835,185 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,329,844 InDels were identified across the 20 soybean chromosomes, with 541,762 SNPs, 98,922 InDels and 1,093 CNVs that were exclusive to the 28 Brazilian cultivars. In addition, 668 allelic variations of 327 genes were shared among all of the Brazilian cultivars, including genes related to DNA-dependent transcription-elongation, photosynthesis, ATP synthesis-coupled electron transport, cellular respiration, and precursors of metabolite generation and energy. A very homogeneous structure was also observed for the Brazilian soybean germplasm, and we observed 41 regions putatively influenced by positive selection. Finally, we detected 3,880 regions with copy-number variations (CNVs) that could help to explain the divergence among the accessions evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The large number of allelic and structural variations identified in this study can be used in marker-assisted selection programs to detect unique SNPs for cultivar fingerprinting. The results presented here suggest that despite the diversification of modern Brazilian cultivars, the soybean germplasm remains very narrow because of the large number of genome regions that exhibit low diversity. These results emphasize the need to introduce new alleles to increase the genetic diversity of the Brazilian germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Maldonado dos Santos
- Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Embrapa Soja), Carlos João Strass road, Warta County, PR, Brazil.
- Londrina State University (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, km 380, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Saad M Khan
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Juexin Wang
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Tri D Vuong
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | | | | | - Dong Xu
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor
- Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Embrapa Soja), Carlos João Strass road, Warta County, PR, Brazil.
- Londrina State University (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, km 380, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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20
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Tanaka K, Cho SH, Lee H, Pham AQ, Batek JM, Cui S, Qiu J, Khan SM, Joshi T, Zhang ZJ, Xu D, Stacey G. Effect of lipo-chitooligosaccharide on early growth of C4 grass seedlings. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5727-38. [PMID: 26049159 PMCID: PMC4566972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are important signal molecules for plant-symbiont interactions, a number of reports suggest that LCOs can directly impact plant growth and development, separate from any role in plant symbioses. In order to investigate this more closely, maize and Setaria seedlings were treated with LCO and their growth was evaluated. The data indicate that LCO treatment significantly enhanced root growth. RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis of LCO-treated maize roots identified a number of genes whose expression was significantly affected by the treatment. Among these genes, some LCO-up-regulated genes are likely involved in root growth promotion. Interestingly, some stress-related genes were down-regulated after LCO treatment, which might indicate reallocation of resources from defense responses to plant growth. The promoter activity of several LCO-up-regulated genes using a β-glucuronidase reporter system was further analysed. The results showed that the promoters were activated by LCO treatment. The data indicate that LCO can directly impact maize root growth and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Tanaka
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Plant Transformation Core Facility,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - An Q Pham
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Josef M Batek
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shiqi Cui
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Saad M Khan
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Informatics Institute, Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Informatics Institute, Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Facility,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Informatics Institute, Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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21
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Schmitz RJ, He Y, Valdés-López O, Khan SM, Joshi T, Urich MA, Nery JR, Diers B, Xu D, Stacey G, Ecker JR. Epigenome-wide inheritance of cytosine methylation variants in a recombinant inbred population. Genome Res 2013; 23:1663-74. [PMID: 23739894 PMCID: PMC3787263 DOI: 10.1101/gr.152538.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytosine DNA methylation is one avenue for passing information through cell divisions. Here, we present epigenomic analyses of soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and their parents. Identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) revealed that DMRs mostly cosegregated with the genotype from which they were derived, but examples of the uncoupling of genotype and epigenotype were identified. Linkage mapping of methylation states assessed from whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of 83 RILs uncovered widespread evidence for local methylQTL. This epigenomics approach provides a comprehensive study of the patterns and heritability of methylation variants in a complex genetic population over multiple generations, paving the way for understanding how methylation variants contribute to phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Schmitz
- Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yupeng He
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Oswaldo Valdés-López
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Saad M. Khan
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Mark A. Urich
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R. Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Brian Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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22
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Thota S, Khan SM, Tippabhotla SK, Battula R, Gadiko C, Vobalaboina V. Bioequivalence of two lansoprazole delayed release capsules 30 mg in healthy male volunteers under fasting, fed and fasting-applesauce conditions: a partial replicate crossover study design to estimate the pharmacokinetics of highly variable drugs. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:551-7. [PMID: 23780504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An open-label, 2-treatment, 3-sequence, 3-period, single-dose, partial replicate crossover studies under fasting (n=48), fed (n=60) and fasting-applesauce (n=48) (sprinkled on one table spoonful of applesauce) modalities were conducted in healthy adult male volunteers to evaluate bioequivalence between 2 formulations of lansoprazole delayed release capsules 30 mg. In all the 3 studies, as per randomization, either test or reference formulations were administered in a crossover manner with a required washout period of at least 7 days. Blood samples were collected adequately (0-24 h) to determine lansoprazole plasma concentrations using a validated LC-MS/MS analytical method. To characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Tmax, Kel and T1/2) of lansoprazole, non-compartmental analysis and ANOVA was applied on ln-transformed values. The bioequivalence was tested based on within-subject variability of the reference formulation. In fasting and fed studies (within-subject variability>30%) bioequivalence was evaluated with scaled average bioequivalence, hence for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞, the 95% upper confidence bound for (μT-μR)2-θσ2 WR was ≤0, and the point estimates (test-to-reference ratio) were within the regulatory acceptance limit 80.00-125.00%. In fasting-applesauce study (within-subject variability<30%) bioequivalence was evaluated with average bioequivalence, the 90% CI of ln-transformed data of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were within the regulatory acceptance limit 80.00-125.00%. Based on these aforesaid statistical inferences, it was concluded that the test formulation is bioequivalent to reference formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thota
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Integrated Product Development, Dr.Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad, India
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23
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Osuala K, Telusma K, Khan SM, Wu S, Shah M, Baker C, Alam S, Abukenda I, Fuentes A, Seifein HB, Ebert SN. Distinctive left-sided distribution of adrenergic-derived cells in the adult mouse heart. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22811. [PMID: 21818395 PMCID: PMC3144959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced within the heart from neuronal and non-neuronal sources. These adrenergic hormones have profound effects on cardiovascular development and function, yet relatively little information is available about the specific tissue distribution of adrenergic cells within the adult heart. The purpose of the present study was to define the anatomical localization of cells derived from an adrenergic lineage within the adult heart. To accomplish this, we performed genetic fate-mapping experiments where mice with the cre-recombinase (Cre) gene inserted into the phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase (Pnmt) locus were cross-mated with homozygous Rosa26 reporter (R26R) mice. Because Pnmt serves as a marker gene for adrenergic cells, offspring from these matings express the β-galactosidase (βGAL) reporter gene in cells of an adrenergic lineage. βGAL expression was found throughout the adult mouse heart, but was predominantly (89%) located in the left atrium (LA) and ventricle (LV) (p<0.001 compared to RA and RV), where many of these cells appeared to have cardiomyocyte-like morphological and structural characteristics. The staining pattern in the LA was diffuse, but the LV free wall displayed intermittent non-random staining that extended from the apex to the base of the heart, including heavy staining of the anterior papillary muscle along its perimeter. Three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of XGAL+ staining revealed distribution throughout the LA and LV, with specific finger-like projections apparent near the mid and apical regions of the LV free wall. These data indicate that adrenergic-derived cells display distinctive left-sided distribution patterns in the adult mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Osuala
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Telusma
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Saad M. Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shandong Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mubarak Shah
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Candice Baker
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sabikha Alam
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Abukenda
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aura Fuentes
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hani B. Seifein
- Florida Heart Group, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Ebert
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
Occlusion and lack of visibility in crowded and cluttered scenes make it difficult to track individual people correctly and consistently, particularly in a single view. We present a multi-view approach to solving this problem. In our approach we neither detect nor track objects from any single camera or camera pair; rather evidence is gathered from all the cameras into a synergistic framework and detection and tracking results are propagated back to each view. Unlike other multi-view approaches that require fully calibrated views our approach is purely image-based and uses only 2D constructs. To this end we develop a planar homographic occupancy constraint that fuses foreground likelihood information from multiple views, to resolve occlusions and localize people on a reference scene plane. For greater robustness this process is extended to multiple planes parallel to the reference plane in the framework of plane to plane homologies. Our fusion methodology also models scene clutter using the Schmieder and Weathersby clutter measure, which acts as a confidence prior, to assign higher fusion weight to views with lesser clutter. Detection and tracking are performed simultaneously by graph cuts segmentation of tracks in the space-time occupancy likelihood data. Experimental results with detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis, are demonstrated in challenging multi-view, crowded scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Ahmed F, Mahmud S, Hatcher J, Khan SM. Breast Cancer Risk Factor Knowledge and Associated Factors Among Nurses in Teaching Hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s98-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Khan SM, Shah M. A Multiview Approach to Tracking People in Crowded Scenes Using a Planar Homography Constraint. Computer Vision – ECCV 2006 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/11744085_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cheng KS, Khan SM, How P, Hamilton HEC. Pitfalls in recurrent varicose vein surgery. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2005; 66:426-7. [PMID: 16025805 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2005.66.7.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chase Farm Hospital, The Ridgeway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN2 8JL
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McDonnell MA, Wang D, Khan SM, Vander Heiden MG, Kelekar A. Caspase-9 is activated in a cytochrome c-independent manner early during TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in murine cells. Cell Death Differ 2003; 10:1005-15. [PMID: 12934075 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FL5.12 pro-B lymphoma cells utilize the mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor occupation, yet high levels of the Bcl-2 family antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-x(L), fail to protect these cells against TNF-receptor-activated death. Bcl-x(L) expression delays, but does not totally block, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) in these cells in response to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis and caspase-9 is processed prior to mitochondrial cyt c release under these circumstances. Early processing of caspase-9 also occurred in Apaf-1 knockout murine fibroblasts in response to TNF-receptor occupation. A caspase-9-specific inhibitor was more effective in delaying the progression of apoptosis in the FL5.12 Bcl-x(L) cells than was an inhibitor specific to caspase-3. Furthermore, downregulation of caspase-9 levels by RNA interference resulted in partial protection of these cells against TNF-receptor-activated apoptosis, indicating that caspase-9 activation contributed to early amplification of the caspase cascade. Consistent with this, proteolytic processing of caspase-9 was observed prior to processing by caspase-3, suggesting that caspase-3 was not responsible for early caspase-9 activation. We show that murine caspase-9 is efficiently processed by active caspase-8 at SEPD, the motif at which caspase-9 autoprocesses following its recruitment to the apoptosome. Our results suggest that, in addition to processing procaspase-3 and the BH3 protein Bid, active caspase-8 can cleave and activate procaspase-9 in response to TNF receptor crosslinking in murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McDonnell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
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Pishori T, Khurshaidi N, Khan SM, Hussainy AS. Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy lesion of colon. Indian J Gastroenterol 2003; 22:66-7. [PMID: 12696831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year-old man with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding underwent emergency mesenteric angiography. An actively bleeding lesion was found in the cecum. Right hemicolectomy was performed. Histology revealed a Dieulafoy lesion of the cecum. This is an extremely rare lesion responsible for massive lower GI bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turab Pishori
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kaviratne M, Khan SM, Jarra W, Preiser PR. Small variant STEVOR antigen is uniquely located within Maurer's clefts in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Eukaryot Cell 2002; 1:926-35. [PMID: 12477793 PMCID: PMC138759 DOI: 10.1128/ec.1.6.926-935.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria parasite antigens encoded by multigene families are important factors in virulence and in disease pathology. In Plasmodium falciparum, the virulence factor PfEMP-1 is encoded by the var multigene family and is exposed at the infected erythrocyte surface. PfEMP-1 is clonally variant, allowing the parasite to evade host immunity. The recently identified P. falciparum stevor multigene family and its products also have the potential to be involved in similar important aspects of host-parasite interactions. Here, we show tightly regulated stage-specific transcription of stevor occurring over just a few hours of the asexual parasite life cycle. Only a subset of stevor genes are transcribed in parasite populations maintained in cultures and in single micromanipulated parasites. Antibodies against STEVOR recognize proteins of the expected size (approximately 37 kDa) and localize STEVOR in Maurer's clefts, unique membranous structures located in the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes. The fact that the timing of stevor expression and the location of STEVOR are clearly distinct from those of other parasite variant antigens suggests that this gene family may have a novel role in P. falciparum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaviratne
- Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
All malaria parasites are obligate intracellular organisms that must clearly recognise and discriminate between different cells during their life cycle. Invasion into a cell is a multi-step event that is marked by initial attachment proceeding to irreversible junction formation and penetration. A 235 kDa rhoptry protein (Py235) in the rodent malaria, Plasmodium yoelii yoelii has been shown to be involved in red blood cell (rbc) binding and is involved in a new mechanism of clonal phenotypic variation that may be important in adaptation and immune evasion. Immunisation studies using Py235 have also revealed a role for this protein in the virulence phenotype seen with P. y. yoelii in laboratory mice. Interestingly, the genes that encode this protein are present as a multi-gene family. In this paper, we examine Py235 at the level of DNA, transcription and expression, discussing the role of this protein during invasion, in virulence and in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Division of Parasitology, The National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, NW7 1AA, London, UK
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Khan SM, Jarra W, Bayele H, Preiser PR. Distribution and characterisation of the 235 kDa rhoptry multigene family within the genomes of virulent and avirulent lines of Plasmodium yoelii. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 114:197-208. [PMID: 11378199 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the rodent malaria species, Plasmodium yoelii, a multi-gene family (Py235) encodes a 235 kDa rhoptry protein. This protein is believed to be involved in merozoite attachment and invasion of red blood cells. Only two members of Py235 have been sequenced so far. Using genomic DNA from the virulent P. yoelii YM line we have PCR amplified additional members of this gene family. These >8 kb full length clones have been cloned and sequenced. Based on differences within the tri-amino acid repeat structure at the C-terminal end of the Py235 protein, it has been possible to divide the multi-gene family into subtypes. The protein translations of five full-length genes (representing four different subtypes) were compared. While there was a high level of amino acid identity at the C-terminal end of these proteins, the N-terminal region revealed a great deal of sequence diversity. Critically, certain residues appeared to be conserved notably seven out of eight cysteines. Comparison of two full-length genes of a particular sub-type shows >99% amino acid identity at the protein level, implying that very closely related genes exist within the parasite genome. We have used this new sequence information to compare the distribution of Py235 in the virulent YM and avirulent 17X lines of P. yoelii. Our results indicate that while the overall distribution of Py235 genes is broadly conserved between the two lines, significant differences exist when individual subtypes are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Division of Parasitology, The National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Khan SM, Cassarino DS, Abramova NN, Keeney PM, Borland MK, Trimmer PA, Krebs CT, Bennett JC, Parks JK, Swerdlow RH, Parker WD, Bennett JP. Alzheimer's disease cybrids replicate beta-amyloid abnormalities through cell death pathways. Ann Neurol 2000; 48:148-55. [PMID: 10939564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition in brain of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides, elevated brain caspase-3, and systemic deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase. Although increased Abeta deposition can result from mutations in amyloid precursor protein or presenilin genes, the cause of increased Abeta deposition in sporadic AD is unknown. Cytoplasmic hybrid ("cybrid") cells made from mitochondrial DNA of nonfamilial AD subjects show antioxidant-reversible lowering of mitochondrial membrane potential (delta(gYm), secrete twice as much Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42), have increased intracellular Abeta(1-40) (1.7-fold), and develop Congo red-positive Abeta deposits. Also elevated are cytoplasmic cytochrome c (threefold) and caspase-3 activity (twofold). Increased AD cybrid Abeta(1-40) secretion was normalized by inhibition of caspase-3 or secretase and reduced by treatment with the antioxidant S(-)pramipexole. Expression of AD mitochondrial genes in cybrid cells depresses cytochrome c oxidase activity and increases oxidative stress, which, in turn, lowers delta(psi)m. Under stress, cells with AD mitochondrial genes are more likely to activate cell death pathways, which drive caspase 3-mediated Abeta peptide secretion and may account for increased Abeta deposition in the AD brain. Therapeutic strategies for reducing neurodegeneration in sporadic AD can address restoration of delta(psi)m and reduction of elevated Abeta secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Center for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in luteinized granulosa cells works through Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and that depletion of Raf-1 by geldanamycin will inhibit the signaling pathway and cause apoptosis. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University of Minnesota. PATIENT(S) Human luteinized granulosa cells from IVF patients. INTERVENTION(S) The cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO), 0.5 microM of geldanamycin, 10 ng/mL of EGF, and geldanamycin + EGF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Radiochemical MAP kinase assay, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULT(S) Geldanamycin treatment depleted Raf-1 and lowered MAP kinase activity in luteinized granulosa cells. EGF treatment increased MAP kinase phosphorylation and translocation of the phosphorylated MAP kinase to the nucleus. Geldanamycin blocked this effect. Cleavage of caspase-3, the executioner protein in apoptosis, into an active 17 kD fragment was observed by Western blotting in geldanamycin-treated cells. Finally, by flow cytometry we observed significantly increased percentages of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei in geldanamycin-treated cells. CONCLUSION(S) In human luteinized granulosa cells, EGF works through Raf-1, and MAP kinase and depletion of Raf-1 by geldanamycin resulted in decreased MAP kinase activity, increased activated caspase-3, and, ultimately, apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a relatively new technological adjunct in the treatment of renal calculi, but availability is limited. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of ureteroscopic procedures in a unit without on-site ESWL facility. METHODS A retrospective study of all cases of ureteric calculi presenting to this hospital during the period 1991 to 1997 was performed. RESULTS One hundred and thirty five patients with a mean age of 46.8 years were evaluated. Ninety-four (69.5%) had their stone successfully manipulated and/or extracted at ureteroscopy. Using strict criteria, 41 patients (30.5%) had failed ureteroscopies. Fourteen (10.4%) suffered complications related to their ureteroscopy, thirteen had their complications treated conservatively and three (2.3%) needed open procedures. CONCLUSION Ureteroscopy has a high success rate and low morbidity. We continue to advocate ureteroscopy in the initial management of ureteric calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C O'Toole
- Department of Urology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin
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Abstract
Apoptosis occurs as a physiologic process in the ovarian life cycle. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, is reported to induce apoptosis. Here, we hypothesize that staurosporine will induce apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells and that mitochondria and the caspase cascade participate in this process. Luteinized granulosa cells isolated from in vitro fertilization patients were treated with staurosporine. Microscopy revealed that staurosporine treatment resulted in cells exhibiting evidence of apoptosis, including cell detachment, loss of cell processes, membrane shrinkage, and formation of apoptotic bodies. In the staurosporine-treated cells, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a decrease in the mitochondrial cardiolipin levels. Western analysis showed cleavage of caspase-9, an initiator caspase, of caspase-3, an executioner caspase, and of a caspase substrate, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) in staurosporine-treated cells. These data support our hypothesis and that this is the first demonstration of the involvement of mitochondria and of cleavage of caspases in human luteinized granulosa cell apoptosis. This may serve as a useful model to delineate the mechanism of apoptosis in the ovary, such as corpus luteum regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Abstract
Aneurysm formation in the left ventricular outflow tract related to the proximal end of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross procedure was present in 2 patients. Both occurred late after operation and were associated with prolapse of a leaflet of the autograft and significant regurgitation. Both were repaired with no immediate complications. There was no evidence of infection at time of operation. The probable mechanisms underlying this complication and the possibilities of avoiding it are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Shahid
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Oliver RH, Khan SM, Leung BS, Yeh J. Induction of apoptosis in luteinized granulosa cells by the MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:143-8. [PMID: 10486268 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective is to test the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) with PD98059 in human luteinized granulosa cells will block epidermal growth (EGF)-stimulated MAP kinase activity and induce apoptosis. Luteinized granulosa cells from human in vitro fertilization aspirates were cultured and treated with the following: (1) vehicle; (2) PD98059; (3) EGF; (4) PD98059 + EGF. Treatment with PD98059 suppressed MAP kinase activity, inhibited MAP kinase phosphorylation by Western blot analysis, blocked nuclear translocation of phosphorylated MAP kinase by confocal microscopy, and increased percentages of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei by flow cytometry. Our data are the first evidence that a relationship may exist between the MAP kinase pathway and control of apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells. These results support the hypothesis that suppression of the MAP kinase pathway may lead to apoptosis in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Oliver
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Khan SM, Smith TS, Bennett JP. Effects of single and multiple treatments with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) on dopamine receptor-G protein interactions and supersensitive immediate early gene responses in striata of rats after reserpine treatment or with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions. J Neurosci Res 1999; 55:71-9. [PMID: 9890435 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990101)55:1<71::aid-jnr8>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We studied effects of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment in rats following reserpine treatment or unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injections into medial forebrain bundle. Quantitative in situ hybridization for mRNA's coding for the zinc finger immediate early gene (IEG) zif/268 or Jun family IEG jun b revealed that single L-DOPA injections accentuated IEG expression 3- to 7-fold in the dopamine (DA)-depleted striatum. This increased IEG response did not derive from any alterations in DA receptor-G protein coupling, assayed by DA stimulation of 35S-guanosine-5' (gamma-thio) triphosphate (35S-GTP-gamma-S) binding to striatal sections. Reserpine treatment increased both basal and maximal striatal DA-stimulated 35S-GTP-gamma-S binding. The augmented IEG responses to single L-DOPA treatments involved dependency on both D1 and D2 receptors and acutely to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels. Repetitive L-DOPA treatments yielded persistently elevated (zif/268) or additionally up-regulated (jun b) IEG response in the denervated striatum and down-regulated IEG responses in the control striatum. Degraded L-DOPA responses and appearance of involuntary movements after chronic L-DOPA use in advanced Parkinson's disease may derive from these IEG changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Center for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, and the Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Gobé GC, Halliday J, Dunn IS, Harmon BV, Schoch E, Khan SM, Allan DJ. Expression and localization of the retinoblastoma gene during radiation-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat kidney. Exp Cell Res 1997; 235:354-61. [PMID: 9299159 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo neonatal rat kidney model was used to study an association between expression and localization of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (Rb), or its protein product (pRb), and localization of radiation-induced apoptosis. The rat kidney has two distinct zones of differentiation at birth-an outer nephrogenic zone, in which cells are undifferentiated and new nephrons are forming, and a differentiated zone internal to this zone that has essentially the adult kidney form. At 6 h after radiation (5 Gy), high levels of relatively synchronous apoptosis are induced in the nephrogenic zone, with little effect on the differentiated zone, and proliferation in the nephrogenic zone is almost totally inhibited by radiation treatment, again with little effect in the differentiated area. We have used our knowledge of this model to analyze control (sham-treated) and irradiated renal tissue for Rb mRNA transcript levels and localization (Northern blot and in situ hybridization (ISH)), pRb expression (Western blot and immunolocalization), apoptosis and mitosis (light and electron microscopy, and DNA gel electrophoresis for apoptosis), and cells in S-phase ([3H]thymidine uptake and autoradiography). Northern blots showed no detectable alteration in Rb transcript levels between control and irradiated tissues, whereas Western blots indicated increased expression of pRb in protein extracted from irradiated kidney compared with controls. ISH confirmed that Rb transcripts were not substantially altered in the nephrogenic and differentiated zones in control versus irradiated renal tissue. Immunolocalization of pRb demonstrated little effect in the differentiated zone, but in the nephrogenic zone pRb expression was increased, especially the S-shaped prenephrons, and was also found in many, but not all, apoptotic cells in this zone. The results link radiation-induced apoptosis and increased pRb expression in a zone of the neonatal kidney having a low level of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Gobé
- Department of Pathology, University of Queensland Medical School, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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Smith TS, Trimmer PA, Khan SM, Tinklepaugh DL, Bennett JP. Mitochondrial toxins in models of neurodegenerative diseases. II: Elevated zif268 transcription and independent temporal regulation of striatal D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs and D1 and D2 receptor-binding sites in C57BL/6 mice during MPTP treatment. Brain Res 1997; 765:189-97. [PMID: 9313891 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) may arise from a defect in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), transmitted through mitochondrial DNA mutations. The N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of experimental PD is believed to arise from loss of complex I activity in dopamine (DA) neurons after accumulation of MPP+, a potent complex I inhibitor and the two electron monoamine oxidase B oxidation product of MPTP. Acute MPP+ infusion into striatum, possibly mimicking the in vivo situation after MPTP treatment, increases release of DA and production of hydroxyl radical (-OH). We treated C57BL/6 mice with MPTP and followed the expression of the immediate-early gene zif268 in striatum as a marker of DA synaptic activity, determined the pharmacology of its activation during MPTP toxicity, and assayed the time course of MPTP effects on striatal DA transporter (DAT), and D1 and D2 DA receptor-binding sites and their mRNAs. MPTP (24 mg/kg b.i.d. for 4 doses) increased striatal zif268 expression, with peak effects observed 24 h after starting MPTP. Increased striatal zif268 was dependent mainly on DA D1 and to a lesser extent on non-NMDA glutamate receptors and was not altered by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Our MPTP schedule resulted in a loss of about one-third of nigral DA neurons. We observed with [3H]mazindol autoradiography that loss of striatal DAT sites after starting MPTP was heterogenous and greatest in centromedial striatum, reached a maximum at 48 h and showed a slight recovery at 2 weeks. Striatal D1 and D2 receptor-binding sites (measured with [3H]SCH23390 and [3H]spiperone binding, respectively) and mRNA levels for D1 and D2 receptors (determined with quantitative in situ hybridization) were altered after MPTP treatment in temporally independent manners. MPTP toxicity to the nigrostriatal system likely induces substantial striatal DA release in vivo and stimulates transcription of at least one major IEG, zif268, in striatal neurons. Increased striatal zif268 expression after MPTP appears to derive mainly from DA released onto D1 receptors, not by a NO-dependent process which has been described in striatal neurons in vitro. The rapid loss of striatal DA terminals after MPTP treatment alters D1 and D2 receptor sites independently of changes in their mRNA levels. Increased D1 and D2 gene transcription in this model may depend on re-innervation by DA terminals of striatal neurons and likely is not related to the increased zif268 transcription observed after MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Abstract
Establishment of cells in tissue culture from Barrett's columnar epithelium has been difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a successful tissue culture method employing a serum-free medium for cultivation of Barrett's epithelial cells. Fragments of Barrett's mucosal tissue were explanted in a 3:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium and Ham's F12, to initiate the outgrowth of epithelial cells. Subsequently, a commercial serum-free medium (formulated for the growth of keratinocytes) was used for the propagation of Barrett's oesophagus cells without fibroblast growth. Cells established in culture retained their epithelial morphology, stained positive for cytokeratin, and contained Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff reagent-positive/diastase-resistant vacuoles, confirming their origin from Barrett's epithelium. Electron microscopy showed tonofilaments, microvilli and desmosomes. Coating the surface of culture vessels was not required and four cell strains could be passaged up to 20 times with no fibroblast growth, in the keratinocyte serum-free medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- University of Queensland, Department of Surgery, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Australia
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Zai S, Khan SM, Gillani J. Candidiasis in cancer patients. J PAK MED ASSOC 1997; 47:191-2. [PMID: 9301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One hundred clinical specimens from hospitalized cancer patients were examined microscopically for evidence of yeast cells and cultured for Candida colonization. Candida cells were observed microscopically in both unstained and Gram-stained preparations and culture in 60% of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zai
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar
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Abstract
All patients referred to the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine in Peshawar (IRNUM) during 1990 to 1994 were analyzed. There were 1655 children with biopsy-proven cancers; 1290 were from the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), and the remaining 365 were Afghan refugees. Male children from the NWFP were 67% and females were 33%. Among Afghan children, 69% were males and 31% were females. Patients whose histopathologies were doubtful or not available were excluded from the study. The most common tumors in children in the NWFP were lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, Wilms tumor, tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), soft tissue sarcoma, bone tumors, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and testicular tumors. Among Afghan children the most common cancers were lymphoma, lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, Wilms tumor, retinoblastoma, tumors of soft tissue, bone tumors, CNS tumors, testicular tumors, and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khan SM, Gillani J, Nasreen S, Zai S. Cancer in north west Pakistan and Afghan refugees. J PAK MED ASSOC 1997; 47:122-4. [PMID: 9145643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The medical records of all patients attending the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar during 1990 and to 1994 were analysed to determine the frequency of most common cancers. There were 13,359 adults with biopsy proven cancers of these 10,371 belonged to the North West Frontier province (NWFP) and remaining 2,988 were Afghan refugees. In NWFP there were 55% males and 45% females, while in Afghan refugees there were 59% males and 41% females. Patients whose histopathology was doubtful or not available were excluded from the study. The most common male tumours were skin, lymphoma, oral cancer, urinary bladder, lung, oesophagus, soft tissue, prostate, brain and myeloid leukemia. Among male Afghan refugees the most common cancers were oesophagus, skin, lymphoma, oral cancer, soft tissue, myeloid leukemia, stomach, urinary bladder, testis and colorectal cancer. Breast cancer was the most common cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Chan JK, Tsang WY, Hui PK, Ng CS, Sin VC, Khan SM, Siu LL. T- and T/natural killer-cell lymphomas of the salivary gland: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular study of six cases. Hum Pathol 1997; 28:238-45. [PMID: 9023409 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary salivary gland lymphomas are almost always of B lineage, with most being represented by low grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. This study characterizes the rare non-B-cell lymphomas of the salivary gland based on an analysis of six cases. All patients were men, with a mean age of 53.5 years. They presented with submandibular or parotid mass, which on histological examination showed extensive interstitial infiltration by small, medium-sized, or large lymphoid cells. There was prominent invasion and expansion of the ducts and acini in five cases. Angioinvasion was evident in two cases. Three cases were of T lineage and were CD56 negative; one of these cases expressed CD30. Three cases showed an immunophenotype of CD2+ CD3(f)- CD3(p)+ CD56+, consistent with T/natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded early nuclear RNA (EBER) showed positive reaction exclusively in the three CD56+ cases. Clonal T-cell populations were shown in two CD56-negative cases by polymerase chain reaction on paraffin sections using primers for the T-cell-receptor (TCR) gamma-chain gene, but not in the other four cases (the three CD56+ cases and one CD56- case). Four patients (two CD56+ and two CD56-) died within 3 years, and two were disease free at 4 and 1.5 years, respectively. This study shows that salivary gland T- or T/NK-cell lymphomas cannot be reliably distinguished from B-cell lymphomas on morphological grounds alone, because both can show prominent lymphoepithelial lesions. It appears that T/NK-cell lymphomas, which are often extranodal in localization and strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), show a predilection to involve the salivary glands as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Arthur ID, Khan SM. The application of standard and morphometric dating criteria for luteal phase endometrial specimens collected by outpatient sampling. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103:473-4. [PMID: 8624324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I D Arthur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Faruq QO, Rashid AK, Ahmed J, Waiz A, Haque KM, Rouf MA, Khan SM, Khan TN. Prevalence of streptococcal sorethroat in the school children of Dhaka. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1995; 21:87-94. [PMID: 8754284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta Haemolytic Streptococcal (BHS) infections and their sequelae Rheumatic Fever (RF) and Glomerulonephritis (GN) have a world wide distribution and so pose an important health problem. Reports show that there is considerable variation in the number of isolations from different groups. Present study intended to find out the health status of the school children in relation to streptococcal throat infection, in Dhaka Cantonment. It was a cross sectional, observational study. During one year period total six hundred and one (601) children were examined from one school of Dhaka Cantonment. Prevalence of streptococcus was found to be 22% among the study population with highest rate (67%) for group-G among BHS positive cases. True streptococcal infection was found in 8.7% cases & 2.2% cases were true GABHS positive cases. GABHS was significantly higher in large size families. Females and children from lower socioeconomic group were at higher risk. Females and children of large families may require special attention regarding prevention of streptococcal infection and RF/RHD prevention programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q O Faruq
- National Centre for Control of RF/RHD, Dhaka
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Abstract
The nonactivated estrogen receptor (naER) has been isolated and purified to absolute homogeneity from the goat uterine cytosol. It is a 66-kDa protein, sedimenting at 4.2 S on linear sucrose density gradients and having a Stokes radius of 36 A. It displays high affinity and specificity for estradiol and diethyl stilbestrol with a Kd of 1 x 10(-10) M. CNBr peptide analysis reveals that it has a primary structure distinctly different from that of the regular estrogen receptor even though anti-ER antibody cross-reacts with the nonactivated ER. The protein gains access to the DNA only upon dimerization with the estrogen receptor activation factor (E-RAF), a DNA-binding protein having no capacity to bind estradiol. Analysis reveals that both naER and E-RAF are protein kinases. While the E-RAF is a serine kinase, naER functions as a tyrosine kinase. No protein kinase activity is displayed by the regular estrogen receptor. The protein kinase activity of the naER is inhibited in the presence of estradiol. Similarly, the protein kinase activities associated with the proteins disappear when the naER and E-RAF are brought together.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anuradha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
We describe a series of eight cases of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma diagnosed on liver biopsy and collected over a period of 15 years. Of seven cases that were referred from elsewhere, in only one was the correct diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma suggested. Common errors included misdiagnosis as inflammatory disease on histology, and misinterpretation as T-cell lymphoma on immunohistochemistry. However, the cases had a distinct morphological appearance and immunohistochemical profile. They showed a lymphohistiocytic or granulomatous infiltrate, usually centred on portal tracts and containing abundant small T-cells and scanty B-cell blasts. All patients had an atypical clinical presentation which favoured non-neoplastic liver disease. In seven cases liver involvement represented Stage IV disease and in one case disease was confined to the liver consistent with a primary hepatic lymphoma. Despite combination chemotherapy, the prognosis was poor with no patients surviving beyond 15 months from diagnosis. We believe T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma to be an under-recognized subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that may mimic primary liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khan
- Department of Histopathology, Southampton General Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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