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Healey Akearok G. IJCH - COVID-19 in the Arctic: special issue. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2341990. [PMID: 38669637 PMCID: PMC11057456 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2341990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Circumpolar region, comprising the Arctic territories encircling the North Pole, is home to diverse Indigenous cultures facing unique socio-economic challenges. Indigenous communities such as the Inuit, Sámi, Athabaskan, Gwitchin, and Russian Arctic groups exhibit rich traditions and adaptive practices tied to their environments. Environmental diversity, from icy tundra to boreal forests, influences livelihoods and biodiversity, while significant socio-economic disparities persist, impacting access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities. Against this backdrop, the global COVID-19 pandemic accentuated the intersection of environment, culture, and health in remote Arctic regions, presenting distinct challenges and opportunities. Initiated by a collaborative research project led by Fulbright Arctic Initiative Alumni, this special issue of the International Journal of Circumpolar Health explores the impacts of COVID-19 on Arctic Indigenous and rural communities. Building on previous work and recommendations, the issue features community case studies, highlighting community experiences and collaborative approaches to understand and address the pandemic's effects. The authors highlight both positive and negative societal outcomes, presenting community-driven models and evidence-based practices to inform pan-Arctic collaboration and decision-making in public health emergencies. Through sharing these insights, the special issue aims to privilege local and Indigenous knowledge systems, elevates community responses to complex and multifaceted challenges, and contributes to the evidence base on global pandemic response.
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Ikhuluru WE, Imboma ME, Liseche SE, Milemele MJ, Shilabiga SD, Cords M. Local Voices: Perspectives from the Local Community on the Primates of Kakamega Forest, Western Kenya. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3483. [PMID: 38003101 PMCID: PMC10668696 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of a field research team comprising members of the local community near a rain forest in western Kenya, we describe the relationship between local people and local primates. Local people generally have little knowledge about the natural history of the monkeys living nearby, with people living closer to the forest knowing more. Most have a negative attitude toward monkeys because they occasionally forage on agricultural crops. A few people value monkey meat, which they believe to enhance human health. Participating in research on the behavioral ecology of blue monkeys allowed the author team to learn a great deal about these animals, including their role in the forest ecosystem and their behavioral similarities to humans. This experience differentiates their attitudes from most other members of their local community. However, the attitudes of local people are changing along with lifestyles. With more children in school and adults finding paid work, local people today generally have less experience of the forest than previous generations. A more tolerant attitude toward monkeys, recognizing their role in the forest ecosystem and their similarities to humans, is emerging among those who have been taught about biodiversity. This perspective is likely to contribute to their successful conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widava E. Ikhuluru
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Malenya E. Imboma
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Shikanga E. Liseche
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Munayi J. Milemele
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Sechero D. Shilabiga
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Marina Cords
- Kakamega Monkey Project, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; (W.E.I.); (M.E.I.); (S.E.L.); (M.J.M.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Ansari D, Schönenberg R, Abud M, Becerra L, Brahim W, Castiblanco J, de la Vega-Leinert AC, Dudley N, Dunlop M, Figueroa C, Guevara O, Hauser P, Hobbie H, Hossain MA, Hugé J, Janssens de Bisthoven L, Keunen H, Munera-Roldan C, Petzold J, Rochette AJ, Schmidt M, Schumann C, Sengupta S, Stoll-Kleemann S, van Kerkhoff L, Vanhove MP, Wyborn C. Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: exploring communicative utopias in eight transdisciplinary case studies. UCL Open Environ 2023; 5:e064. [PMID: 37840556 PMCID: PMC10571513 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and to involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications with regard to climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran's (2002) concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators can enhance communication and enable community responses. However, we discover a divergence between timing, complexity and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments, but scrutinising power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawud Ansari
- Energy Access and Development Program (EADP), Wilmersdorfer Str. 122-123, 10627, Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Ludwigkirchpl. 3-4, 10719 Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Melissa Abud
- WWF Colombia, Carrera 35 No. 4A-25 Cali, Colombia
| | - Laura Becerra
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Brahim
- Energy Access and Development Program (EADP), Wilmersdorfer Str. 122-123, 10627, Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Nigel Dudley
- Equilibrium Research, 47 The Quays, Cumberland Road, Spike Island, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Dunlop
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Building 101, Clunies Ross St, Black Mountain ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Carolina Figueroa
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Hauser
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Hobbie
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mostafa A.R. Hossain
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jean Hugé
- Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luc Janssens de Bisthoven
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Keunen
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Munera-Roldan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jan Petzold
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Anne-Julie Rochette
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew Schmidt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sayanti Sengupta
- Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, Anna van Saksenlaan 50, 2593 HT Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Stoll-Kleemann
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 16, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lorrae van Kerkhoff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Maarten P.M. Vanhove
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Carina Wyborn
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
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Quintero LM, Olarte Clavijo A. Decolonizing ELT teacher education by incorporating knowledge of local communities in the teaching practicum. F1000Res 2023; 12:1264. [PMID: 37954064 PMCID: PMC10632588 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133704.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the epistemological frameworks that guide teacher education in Colombia and elsewhere, it continues to be governed mostly by traditional Eurocentric paradigms. Decolonizing teacher education requires epistemological moves to resignify the plurality of local knowledges and praxis. This article aims at reporting a qualitative research project carried out with three student teachers of a teacher education program with emphasis on English, at a public university in the northeast of Colombia. The main objective was to explore and reflect on how EFL pre-service teachers incorporated knowledge of local communities as resources for language teaching and learning during the practicum. Data were gathered over a three-semester period through pre-service teachers' lesson plans, materials, a final academic report, and a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed based on the principles of thematic data analysis. Findings revealed that student teachers approached knowledge from an ecological perspective coming from different ways of knowing, seeing, being and living in the world. At the same time, the ecology of knowledges helped them to overcome the challenges they faced during the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Mary Quintero
- School of languages, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680001, Colombia
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West K, Tecot S, Walker-Bolton AD, Borgerson C, Wright PC, Razafindravony L, Andriamiadanarivo A, Andrianoely D, Celestain J, Elison P, Jordan J, Liu A, Milliasse RF, Rafidimanandray R, Ranaivoson T, Randimbiarimanana C, Razafindrapaoly BN, Soule M, Aliperti JR. An overdue catalyst: Limitations imposed by COVID-19 improved capacity building in community-led environmental education in Madagascar. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23497. [PMID: 37095739 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus brought many primatology research programs and conservation efforts to a halt. After Madagascar closed its borders during March 2020, many on-site international project leaders and researchers returned to their home countries when their programs were delayed or canceled. Madagascar remained closed to travelers until November 2021, when it reopened to international flights. The 20-month absence of international researchers allowed many local Malagasy program staff, wildlife professionals, and community leaders to step into new leadership roles and responsibilities. Many programs that already had strong Malagasy leadership and meaningful collaborations with local communities flourished, while others either swiftly strengthened these attributes or faced challenges from pandemic-related travel restrictions. Here, we describe how the coronavirus pandemic events of 2020-2021 initiated long-overdue shifts in outdated models of internationally led primate research and education projects in communities living alongside primates at risk of extinction. We discuss the benefits and challenges of pandemic-induced changes within five primatological outreach projects, as well as how we can use these experiences to improve community-led environmental education and conservation awareness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy West
- Photography Inspiring Children in Conservation (PICC) 501c3, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stacey Tecot
- Centre ValBio Research Station, Ranomafana, Madagascar
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Cortni Borgerson
- Photography Inspiring Children in Conservation (PICC) 501c3, Davis, California, USA
- Anthropology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
- Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (Mahery), Maroantsetra, Madagascar
| | - Patricia C Wright
- Centre ValBio Research Station, Ranomafana, Madagascar
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Elison
- Photography Inspiring Children in Conservation (PICC) 501c3, Davis, California, USA
- Masoala Safaris, Maroantsetra, Madagascar
| | - Jessie Jordan
- Centre ValBio Research Station, Ranomafana, Madagascar
| | - Arielle Liu
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Madison Soule
- Photography Inspiring Children in Conservation (PICC) 501c3, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jaclyn R Aliperti
- Photography Inspiring Children in Conservation (PICC) 501c3, Davis, California, USA
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Suffice P, Mazerolle MJ, Imbeau L, Cheveau M, Asselin H, Drapeau P. Site occupancy by American martens and fishers in temperate deciduous forests of Québec. J Mammal 2022; 104:159-170. [PMID: 36818684 PMCID: PMC9936503 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific interactions can mediate site occupancy of sympatric species and can be a key factor in habitat use patterns. American martens (Martes americana) and Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are two sympatric mesocarnivores in eastern North American forests. Due to their larger size, fishers have a competitive advantage over martens. We investigated site occupancy of martens and fishers in temperate deciduous forests of Québec, an environment modified by forest management and climate change. We formulated hypotheses on the spatial distribution of the studied species based on the knowledge of local trappers and on the scientific literature regarding forest cover composition, habitat fragmentation, and competitive relationships. We used a network of 49 camera traps monitored over two fall seasons to document site occupancy by both species. We used two-species site occupancy models to assess habitat use and the influence of fishers on martens at spatial grains of different sizes. None of the habitat variables that we considered explained site occupancy by fishers. Availability of dense old coniferous stands explained the spatial distribution of martens both at the home range grain size and at the landscape grain size. We identified the characteristics of habitat hotspots based on the knowledge of trappers, which highlighted the importance of stand composition, height, age, and canopy closure. The characteristics of habitat hotspots for martens in temperate deciduous forests refine the habitat suitability model for American martens that was originally developed for boreal forests of Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Imbeau
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Marianne Cheveau
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugo Asselin
- École d’études autochtones, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Vitasović-Kosić I, Kaligarič M, Juračak J. Divergence of Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Slovenians on the Edge of the Mediterranean as a Result of Historical, Geographical and Cultural Drivers. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102087. [PMID: 34685896 PMCID: PMC8541409 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
State boundaries limit human contacts in a homogenous context of a landscape and its natural features, including plants. After nine centuries of separation, finally the two territories in Slovenia share the same political history. In this paper we tried to answer the question to which extent the past political borders, geographical and cultural drivers affect today's traditional knowledge on wild plants use of Slovenians, living unified in the same political entity. Data were collected using 60 in-depth semi-structured interviews, from March to August 2019, in two municipalities: Komen at Karst and Izola in Istria concerning food, medicinal, economic use, and local customs. The results indicate a quite large divergence in ethnobotanical and ecological knowledge between the two studied areas. In the Komen area, many people still use wild plants daily for various purposes (Taraxacum officinale, Melissa officinalis, Urtica dioica, Cornus mas, and Sambucus nigra). In contrast, this is limited to fewer people in the Izola area and mainly to seasonal use of specific plants (Asparagus acutifolius, Rosa canina, Salvia officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare and Rubus caesius). Unusual for the Mediterranean is the use of young shoots of Clematis vitalba, in the Izola area prepared as omelettes. We can assume that these differences are partly due to minor differences in climatic conditions and partly due to the influence of different cultures and cuisines. In the first place, the impact of Austro-Hungarian eating habits and cuisine can be seen on the area around Komen. Moreover, temporal "layers of knowledge" across the time scale are additionally mixed by the immigration of people from other parts of Slovenia or abroad, or with the influence of local herbal specialists. At last, we conclude Komen area knowledge is alive and homogeneous, and more connected to their local identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vitasović-Kosić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mitja Kaligarič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Josip Juračak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Aminpour P, Gray SA, Singer A, Scyphers SB, Jetter AJ, Jordan R, Murphy R Jr, Grabowski JH. The diversity bonus in pooling local knowledge about complex problems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016887118. [PMID: 33495329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016887118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, theoreticians have hypothesized that diverse groups, as opposed to groups that are homogeneous, may have relative merits [S. E. Page, The Diversity Bonus (2019)]-all of which lead to more success in solving complex problems. As such, understanding complex, intertwined environmental and social issues may benefit from the integration of diverse types of local expertise. However, efforts to support this hypothesis have been frequently made through laboratory-based or computational experiments, and it is unclear whether these discoveries generalize to real-world complexities. To bridge this divide, we combine an Internet-based knowledge elicitation technique with theoretical principles of collective intelligence to design an experiment with local stakeholders. Using a case of striped bass fisheries in Massachusetts, we pool the local knowledge of resource stakeholders represented by graphical cognitive maps to produce a causal model of complex social-ecological interdependencies associated with fisheries ecosystems. Blinded reviews from a scientific expert panel revealed that the models of diverse groups outranked those from homogeneous groups. Evaluation via stochastic network analysis also indicated that a diverse group more adequately modeled complex feedbacks and interdependencies than homogeneous groups. We then used our data to run Monte Carlo experiments wherein the distributions of stakeholder-driven cognitive maps were randomly reproduced and virtual groups were generated. Random experiments also predicted that knowledge diversity improves group success, which was measured by benchmarking group models against an ecosystem-based fishery management model. We also highlight that diversity must be moderated through a proper aggregation process, leading to more complex yet parsimonious models.
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Pawera L, Khomsan A, Zuhud EA, Hunter D, Ickowitz A, Polesny Z. Wild Food Plants and Trends in Their Use: From Knowledge and Perceptions to Drivers of Change in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091240. [PMID: 32899857 PMCID: PMC7555794 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild food plants (WFPs) are often highly nutritious but under-consumed at the same time. This study aimed to document the diversity of WFPs, and assess perceptions, attitudes, and drivers of change in their consumption among Minangkabau and Mandailing women farmers in West Sumatra. We applied a mixed-method approach consisting of interviews with 200 women and focus group discussions with 68 participants. The study documented 106 WFPs (85 species), and Minangkabau were found to steward richer traditional knowledge than Mandailing. Although both communities perceived WFPs positively, consumption has declined over the last generation. The main reasons perceived by respondents were due to the decreased availability of WFPs and changes in lifestyle. The contemporary barriers to consuming WFPs were low availability, time constraints, and a limited knowledge of their nutritional value. The key motivations for their use were that they are free and “unpolluted” natural foods. The main drivers of change were socio-economic factors and changes in agriculture and markets. However, the persistence of a strong culture appears to slow dietary changes. The communities, government and NGOs should work together to optimize the use of this food biodiversity in a sustainable way. This integrated approach could improve nutrition while conserving biological and cultural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pawera
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic;
- The Indigenous Partnership for Agrobiodiversity and Food Sovereignty, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Via dei Tre Denari 472, 00054 Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Khomsan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Ervizal A.M. Zuhud
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Danny Hunter
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00054 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amy Ickowitz
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor 16115, Indonesia;
| | - Zbynek Polesny
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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Petriello MA, Stronza AL. Campesino hunting and conservation in Latin America. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:338-353. [PMID: 31334895 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hunting presents a paradox for biodiversity conservation. It is both a problem and a solution to species declines and poverty. Yet, conservation scientists hold different assumptions about the significance and sustainability of hunting based on the cultures and identities of hunters. In Latin America, conservationists largely sort hunters as either indigenous or campesino. Indigenous hunters are often characterized as culturally driven stewards of wildlife sustainability. Campesino hunters, by contrast, are described as peasants-cultureless, uneducated, and uncaring toward wildlife sustainability. Although such ethnically fueled hunting discourse promotes hunting research, campesino hunters remain underrepresented in most comparative hunting reviews. Moreover, there are no targeted syntheses on the current state of knowledge about campesino hunting, nothing to guide conservation research and practice with and for the largest group of hunters in Latin America. We reviewed 334 articles published from 1937 to 2018 in English (55%) and Spanish (45%)-mostly published in 145 peer-reviewed journals-on the meanings, motivations, and sustainability of campesino hunting in Latin America. Although studies spanned 17 countries, 7 ecosystems, and >75 indigenous and nonindigenous demographics in 30 research contexts, they predominantly focused on nonindigenous campesinos for species-specific conservation and protected area management in tropical broadleaf forests of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia. Authors used 12 methods to collect campesino hunting data, primarily interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, and drew from 10 local and traditional knowledge themes about wildlife trends and uses. Eighteen drivers, 14 constraints, and 10 conflicts-mainly subsistence, income, ethics, regulations, and crop or livestock protection-shaped whether campesino hunters pursued 799 species, 70% of which were least concern species. Yet, only 25 studies (8%) empirically assessed sustainability. Our results show the need for increased interdisciplinary and geographic engagement with campesino hunting across Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petriello
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
- Applied Biodiversity Science Program, Texas A&M University, Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecological Sciences, Building #1537, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
| | - Amanda L Stronza
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
- Applied Biodiversity Science Program, Texas A&M University, Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecological Sciences, Building #1537, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A
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11
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Jori F, Martínez-López B, Vicente J. Editorial: Novel Approaches to Assess Disease Dynamics at the Wildlife Livestock Interface. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:409. [PMID: 31824967 PMCID: PMC6883911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Jori
- UMR "Animal, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems" (ASTRE, CIRAD-INRA-Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research-IREC (UCLM-CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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van Andel M, Jones G, Buckle K, Phiri B, McFadden A, Dacre I, Bingham P, Heuer C, Abila R, Win HH, Lwin KO, Binney B, Zaari S, Gates MC. Estimating foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence in central Myanmar: Comparison of village headman and farmer disease reports with serological findings. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:778-791. [PMID: 31646750 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on food security in developing countries are difficult to quantify due to the scarcity of accurate data on the prevalence and incidence of affected villages. This is partly due to resource constraints as well as the logistical challenges of conducting regular diagnostic testing in remote locations. In this study, we used descriptive analysis and latent class analysis (LCA) models to analyse data collected during a field survey of 160 villages in central Myanmar in the Mandalay and Sagaing Regions over the 2012-2016 time period. We evaluated the performance of verbal reports made by village householders and headmen against serological data to retrospectively determine the FMD-infection status of our study area and to identify factors contributing to under-reporting. Blood samples were collected from approximately 30 cattle per village in both the 6- to 18-month age range and over 18-month age range to distinguish between recent and historic exposure. Village householders were asked to identify pictures of FMD-affected cattle amongst pictures of cattle affected with other common endemic diseases to assess the accuracy of their verbal reporting. The serological results confirmed that FMD is endemic in central Myanmar with village-level seroprevalence estimated at 56% for animals 6-18 months of age and 80% when all age groups were considered together. Most village householders were familiar with the clinical signs of FMD-affected cattle (72%). Based on the results from the LCA models, the village headman had a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 75% for identifying FMD outbreaks in their village, whereas individual householders had a higher sensitivity and lower specificity of 80% and 56%, respectively. The level of disagreement between the different sources was correlated with the total number of cattle in the village and may potentially be worse in villages where endemic FMD may have led to a high level of natural immunity in cattle and subsequent masking of clinical signs. However, other regional effects such as the intensity of FMD extension efforts cannot be ruled out. Overall, the results suggest that verbal reports of FMD outbreaks from village headmen may be a useful tool to integrate into active FMD surveillance programmes in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary van Andel
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Jones
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kelly Buckle
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Ben Phiri
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Andrew McFadden
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Ian Dacre
- OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Bingham
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Cord Heuer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ronel Abila
- OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Htun Htun Win
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Khin Ohnmar Lwin
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Barbara Binney
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Operations Branch, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services Directorate, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Scott Zaari
- OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Carolyn Gates
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Del Valle M M, Ibarra JT, Hörmann PA, Hernández R, Riveros F JL. Local Knowledge for Addressing Food Insecurity: The Use of a Goat Meat Drying Technique in a Rural Famine Context in Southern Africa. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100808. [PMID: 31618915 PMCID: PMC6826486 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Bairro Boroma (Boroma neighborhood) in Mozambique’s northwest Tete Province is characterized by its inhabitants’ low protein intake. This is despite being located in the region of the country with the largest number of livestock and having animal husbandry as one of its most important economic activities. Lack of access to electricity is a challenge for the conservation and regular consumption of meat in Bairro Boroma. We explored the role of local knowledge about a salty smoked preparation called chinkui, which was often used in ancient times in Bairro Boroma. Through a questionnaire about familiarity with chinkui and passive observation of its traditional preparation, we found that: (1) although most Bairro Boroma goat herders knew what chinkui was, its consumption was not frequent among villagers; and (2) the type of animal used to prepare chinkui does not produce an amount of meat that ensures its use as a sustainable source of meat. We concluded that, by exploring knowledge transmission methods and choosing animals with different traits, chinkui’s traditional preparation could be considered as an alternative for increasing high-quality protein intake in the context of the area’s serious food insecurity issues. Abstract Only 30% of households in Bairro Boroma (Boroma neighborhood) have a regular protein intake, mainly due to the lack of a proper cold chain. We analyzed the level of knowledge about a local dried meat called chinkui, examining the relationship between this knowledge and its value for strengthening local food security. Through surveys of Bairro Boroma goat herders (n = 23) about “chinkui awareness” and passive observation of chinkui preparation (n = 5) from local biotype goats, we found that chinkui was known to most goat herders (91.3%), but was used only irregularly, mainly because knowledge transmission has decreased over time. From passive observation, we found that the amount of dried meat obtained from an animal rarely exceeded a yield of 10% and its performance and safety depended on weather conditions and the absence of other animals in the area of preparation. It is, therefore, recommended to strengthen initiatives to increase the amount of chinkui, based on local knowledge, so as to enhance its frequency of consumption and the possibility of using it as a sustainable alternative source of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Del Valle M
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4660, 78220436 Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José Tomás Ibarra
- ECOS (Ecology-Complexity-Society) Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, O'Higgins 501, 4930000 Villarrica, Araucanía Region, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus Center for the Socioeconomic Impact of Environmental Policies (CESIEP) & Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4660, 78220436 Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo Aguirre Hörmann
- Superintendence of Environment, Santiago de Chile. Teatinos 280, 8th floor, 8340434 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Roberto Hernández
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Chile. Av. Santa Rosa 11315, 8820808 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José Luis Riveros F
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4660, 78220436 Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Arnés E, Astier M. Handmade Comal Tortillas in Michoacán: Traditional Practices along the Rural-Urban Gradient. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16173211. [PMID: 31484302 PMCID: PMC6747391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain components of global food security continue to be threatened. Globalization has impacted food patterns, leading to greater homogenization of diets and the standardization of processes of food transformation, both in the countryside and in the cities. In Mexico, this has led to a drop in the use of native corn landraces and in the value associated with traditional practices around their growing and the processing and consumption of tortillas. The aim of this work was to analyze the main characteristics of the handmade comal tortilla system along the rural-urban gradient taking into account: (1) The type of seed and production, (2) manufacturing processes, (3) marketing channels and purpose of sales, and (4) perceptions regarding the quality of the product. Research was conducted on 41 handmade tortilla workshops located in rural areas in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin and in urban and peri-urban areas of a medium-sized city in Michoacán (Mexico). Results showed that the origin of the grain follows a gradient-like pattern: In rural areas, tortillas are made with local and native corn predominate, while in urban contexts most tortillas come from hybrid corn produced in Sinaloa or Jalisco. There is a generalized preference for white tortillas, but blue tortillas are used for personal consumption in rural areas and as a gourmet product in the city. 100% of the rural workshops make their own nixtamal, while almost 50% of the peri-urban and urban businesses buy pre-made nixtamal dough. Surprisingly, 50% of the rural handmade tortilla workshops admit that they add nixtamalized corn flour and/or wheat flour to their tortilla mix. We conclude that not all handmade comal tortillas are produced equally and, although in rural areas traditions are better preserved, these also have contradictions. We also conclude that it is important to promote the revaluation of agrobiodiversity, traditional gastronomy, and food security without sacrificing quality, nutrition, and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Arnés
- Centre for Research in Environmental Geography (CIGA), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Morelia Campus, Michoacán 58190, Mexico.
| | - Marta Astier
- Centre for Research in Environmental Geography (CIGA), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Morelia Campus, Michoacán 58190, Mexico
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Jamsranjav C, Fernández‐Giménez ME, Reid RS, Adya B. Opportunities to integrate herders' indicators into formal rangeland monitoring: an example from Mongolia. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01899. [PMID: 31020715 PMCID: PMC6851969 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing calls for knowledge integration around the world, traditional knowledge is rarely used in formal, Western-science-based monitoring and resource management. To better understand indicators herders use and their relationship to researcher-measured indicators, we conducted in-depth field interviews with 26 herders in three ecological zones of Mongolia. We asked each herder to (1) assess the overall condition of three different sites located along a livestock-use gradient from their winter camp using a numeric scale, (2) describe the indicators they used in their assessment, and (3) explain what caused their pastures to remain healthy or become degraded. At each site, we collected field data on vegetation variables and compared these with herders' ratings and indicators using linear regression. We used classification and ordination to understand how herders' assessment scores related to plant community composition, and determine how well multivariate analysis of factors determining plant community composition aligned with herders' observations of factors causing rangeland change. Across all ecological zones, herders use indicators similar to those used in formal monitoring. Herders' assessment scores correlated significantly and positively with measured total foliar cover in all three ecological zones, and with additional measured variables in the steppe and desert steppe. Ordination revealed that herder assessment scores were correlated with the primary ordination axis in each zone, and the main factors driving plant community composition in each zone were the same as those identified by herders as the primary causes of rangeland change in that zone. These results show promise for developing integrated indicators and monitoring protocols and highlight the importance of developing a common language of monitoring terminology shared by herders, government monitoring agencies, and researchers. We propose a new model for integrating herder knowledge and participation into formal monitoring in Mongolia, with implications for rangelands and pastoral people globally. We suggest practical ways of involving herders in formal monitoring that have potential broad application for promoting local and indigenous people's participation in implementing international agreements such as the UN Convention to Combat Desertification and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, both of which call for involvement of local people and indigenous/traditional knowledges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantsallkham Jamsranjav
- Department of Forest and Rangeland StewardshipColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523‐1472 USA
| | - María E. Fernández‐Giménez
- Department of Forest and Rangeland StewardshipColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523‐1472 USA
- Center for Collaborative ConservationColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523‐1472 USA
| | - Robin S. Reid
- Center for Collaborative ConservationColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523‐1472 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523‐1472USA
| | - B. Adya
- Nutag Action Research InstituteUlaanbaatarMongolia
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16
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Lyver POB, Timoti P, Davis T, Tylianakis JM. Biocultural Hysteresis Inhibits Adaptation to Environmental Change. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:771-780. [PMID: 31076210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) often use natural resources as both a reason and mechanism for environmental management, yet a number of environmental, social, and economic drivers disrupt this relationship. Here, we argue that these drivers can also trigger a set of feedback mechanisms that further diminish the efficacy of local management. We call this process biocultural hysteresis. These feedbacks, which include knowledge loss and a breakdown of social hierarchies, prevent IPLC from adapting their management to change. Biocultural hysteresis worsens as IPLC spend an increasing amount of time outside their social-ecological context. Therefore, we argue for adaptive policies and processes that favour protecting and enabling IPLC engagement with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O B Lyver
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO, Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand.
| | - P Timoti
- Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust, Private Bag 3001, Ruatāhuna, via Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - T Davis
- Private Consultant, 134 Grant Road, Otatara, Invercargill, 9879, New Zealand
| | - J M Tylianakis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Tironi M, Manríquez T. Lateral knowledge: shifting expertise for disaster management in Chile. Disasters 2019; 43:372-389. [PMID: 30451313 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deemed as technocratic and exclusionary, disaster management has failed in its promise of knowing, let alone controlling, catastrophic events. Consequently, disaster managers are searching outside of science for sense-making analytics. This paper analyses the emergent narratives articulated by disaster managers in Chile to cope with the uncertain nature of their object of intervention. It explores how knowledge of disasters is modified and enriched by disaster managers in what is termed here as 'lateral knowledge': the epistemic adjustment by which practitioners revalidate their expert status by expanding key assumptions about disaster risk reduction. The study, which draws on in-depth interviews with disaster managers in Chile, suggests that lateral knowledge is established both through the increasing validation of community knowledge and the recognition of politics as a critical mediator in the practice of disaster management. The paper concludes by making the larger point that public understanding of science scholars should pay more attention to the adapting capacities of expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tironi
- Associate Professor, Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Principal Investigator, Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Riesgo de Desastres, Chile
| | - Tania Manríquez
- Researcher, Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Riesgo de Desastres, Chile
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Anjum RL, Rocca E. From Ideal to Real Risk: Philosophy of Causation Meets Risk Analysis. Risk Anal 2019; 39:729-740. [PMID: 30229973 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A question has been raised in recent years as to whether the risk field, including analysis, assessment, and management, ought to be considered a discipline on its own. As suggested by Terje Aven, unification of the risk field would require a common understanding of basic concepts, such as risk and probability; hence, more discussion is needed of what he calls "foundational issues." In this article, we show that causation is a foundational issue of risk, and that a proper understanding of it is crucial. We propose that some old ideas about the nature of causation must be abandoned in order to overcome certain persisting challenges facing risk experts over the last decade. In particular, we discuss the challenge of including causally relevant knowledge from the local context when studying risk. Although it is uncontroversial that the receptor plays an important role for risk evaluations, we show how the implementation of receptor-based frameworks is hindered by methodological shortcomings that can be traced back to Humean orthodoxies about causation. We argue that the first step toward the development of frameworks better suited to make realistic risk predictions is to reconceptualize causation, by examining a philosophical alternative to the Humean understanding. In this article, we show how our preferred account, causal dispositionalism, offers a different perspective in how risk is evaluated and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Rocca
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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19
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Chenais E, Fischer K. Increasing the Local Relevance of Epidemiological Research: Situated Knowledge of Cattle Disease Among Basongora Pastoralists in Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:119. [PMID: 29951490 PMCID: PMC6008553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle disease can have severe negative impacts on the livelihoods of the poor, but still, animal disease management and outreach often remain suboptimal in low-income settings. In a study on Basongora pastoralists in Uganda, we examined local priorities, perceptions and practices regarding cattle disease, in order to improve outreach and disease control advisory work in such contexts. We also investigated how participatory epidemiology can be better equipped for gathering situated knowledge. Empirical material obtained in focus group discussions, interviews, participatory mapping, and wealth-ranking was used to perform a thematic, bottom-up analysis. The concepts of situated knowledge and embodied objectivity and insights from participatory research and interdisciplinary dialogue were applied to better embrace local perspectives. Cowdriosis, trypanosomosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, East Coast fever and anthrax were high-priority diseases for participants. Lack of control over the animal health situation and money invested in treatments that did not guarantee recovery were of general importance for disease prioritization. Participants' descriptions of diseases sometimes diverged from textbook definitions. Co-infections, chronic and recurring infections and lack of access to formal knowledge were identified as important factors for differences between formal and situated knowledge. Paying attention to situated knowledge and particular context-specific issues such as proximity to a national park proved to be of special relevance for local understanding and experiences with disease. Another factor was the local importance ascribed to number of cattle, rather than production levels. These factors need to be taken into consideration when formulating disease control advice, as does the complex disease landscape. The results reveal the importance of moving research and advice beyond curing “knowledge-gaps” and creating different ways of understanding disease so that situated knowledge can be considered, and disease control improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chenais
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klara Fischer
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Martínez-Novo R, Lizcano E, Herrera-Racionero P, Miret-Pastor L. Innovation or 'Inventions'? The conflict between latent assumptions in marine aquaculture and local fishery. Public Underst Sci 2018; 27:214-228. [PMID: 27257118 DOI: 10.1177/0963662516651358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent European policy highlights the need to promote local fishery and aquaculture by means of innovation and joint participation in fishery management as one of the keys to achieve the sustainability of our seas. However, the implicit assumptions held by the actors in the two main groups involved - innovators (scientists, businessmen and administration managers) and local fishermen - can complicate, perhaps even render impossible, mutual understanding and co-operation. A qualitative analysis of interviews with members of both groups in the Valencian Community (Spain) reveals those latent assumptions and their impact on the respective practices. The analysis shows that the innovation narrative in which one group is based and the inventions narrative used by the other one are rooted in two dramatically different, or even antagonistic, collective worldviews. Any environmental policy that implies these groups should take into account these strong discords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martínez-Novo
- Instituto de gestión de la innovación y el conocimiento (INGENIO), Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain
| | - Emmánuel Lizcano
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND People's diets are usually restricted to a small number of plant species, even in regions with great diversity. We investigated the knowledge of residents in Ribeirão da Ilha, a district of Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil), about unconventional food plants (UFP). We report the UFP of the region, the parts used, the methods of processing, and the reasons for reduced use or even lack of use. METHODS From June 2014 to January 2015, we interviewed 26 long-established residents and made free listings of plant resources in the region. We also did three guided tours, and 24 residents (among the 26) checked pictures of the mentioned plants in order to identify them. RESULTS We identified 63 species distributed in 25 botanical families. Half of the species were mentioned only by one informant. The fruit was the most frequently used part (80% of citations), consumed mainly without processing. Among those species, 27% were used exclusively in the past. The residents attributed non-use to the difficulty in locating the plants and loss of interest in the resource. CONCLUSION Urbanization and environmental restrictions contribute to the difficulty of access to UFP. Encouraging residents to continue using UFP is necessary to perpetuate this threatened knowledge, promote a more diversified and healthier diet, stimulate a greater interaction among people and nature, and promote on farm conservation of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayana Lacerda Leal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Rubana Palhares Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
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Wilkinson NM, Van Duc L. Rank aggregation of local expert knowledge for conservation planning of the critically endangered saola. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:625-634. [PMID: 27718268 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been much recent interest in using local knowledge and expert opinion for conservation planning, particularly for hard-to-detect species. Although it is possible to ask for direct estimation of quantities such as population size, relative abundance is easier to estimate. However, an expert's knowledge is often geographically restricted relative to the area of interest. Combining (or aggregating) experts' assessments of relative abundance is difficult when each expert only knows a part of the area of interest. We used Google's PageRank algorithm to aggregate ranked abundance scores elicited from local experts through a rapid rural-appraisal method. We applied this technique to conservation planning for the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), a poorly known bovid. Near a priority landscape for the species, composed of 3 contiguous protected areas, we asked groups of local people to indicate relative abundances of saola and other species by placing beans on community maps. For each village, we used this information to rank areas within the knowledge area of that village for saola abundance. We used simulations to compare alternative methods to aggregate the rankings from the different villages. The best-performing method was then used to produce a single map of relative abundance across the entire landscape, an area larger than that known to any one village. This map has informed prioritization of surveys and conservation action in the continued absence of direct information about the saola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wilkinson
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K
| | - Luong Van Duc
- Faculty of Environmental Science, Hue University of Science, 77 Nguyen Huệ Street, Huế City, 470000, Vietnam
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Abdelhalim A, Aburjai T, Hanrahan J, Abdel-Halim H. Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers in Jordan, the Tafila Region. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S95-S101. [PMID: 28479733 PMCID: PMC5407123 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.203975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The reporting of the medicinal plants and their traditional uses is important in order to prevent this knowledge from being lost. The aims of this study were to collect information concerning the traditional use of medicinal plants in the region of Tafila; identify the most important medicinal plants; determine the relative importance of the species surveyed; and calculate the informant consensus factor (Fic) in relation to medicinal plant use. Materials and Methods: Data on the traditional medicinal uses of local plants were collected using qualitative tools. The informant consensus factor (Fic) for the category of aliments and the use value (UV) of the plant species were calculated. Results and Conclusions: The survey revealed that 41 plant species are still in use in Tafila for the treatments of various diseases. Problems of the digestive system had the highest Fic values, while Allium cepa L. and Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Bip. scored the highest UV. SUMMARY The medicinal plants used by local people of the Tafila area of Jordan their traditional uses were investigated. forty one plant species are still in use in Tafila for the traditional treatment of various diseases. The preservation of this knowledge is important not only for maintaining cultural and traditional resources but also as a resource for the future identification of leads for drug development. The use of Fic and the UV to identify plant species that are consistently used in the treatment of specific ailments assists in narrowing down the search for new effective plant-derived medicines and in validating the use of traditional medicines. Data on the traditional medicinal uses of local plants was collected using qualitative tools. The informant consensus factor (Fic) for category of aliments and the use value (UV) of the plant species were calculated. in the Tafila region, the Fic values are relatively low, indicating a low level of shared knowledge and that a number of different species are used to treat similar disorders. This may be a result of the great diversity of vegetation types found across the Tafila region, with the specific plant chosen being dependent on the species most readily available in the different vegetation zones. Interestingly, however, the UVs calculated for a number of species in the Tafila region are relatively high, compared with those recorded in other areas of Jordan. These high UVs indicate that despite the diversity of vegetation types across the Tafila region, a number of plants are highly valued for medicinal use throughout the whole region. This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the use of plants in traditional medicine, helping to document and maintain the knowledge that has been traditionally passed directly from person to person. The preservation of this knowledge is important not only for maintaining cultural and traditional resources but also as a resource for the future identification of leads for drug development. Problems of the digestive system had the highest Fic values, while Allium cepa L. and Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Bip. scored the highest UV. Comparison with other ethnopharmacological studies in the region found consensus about many of the uses reported, and also identified localized uses of some species. Experimental evidence from the literature offered support for many of the reported uses.
Abbreviations used: Fic: Informants consensus factor, nur: number of use reports per each category, nt: number of taxa used, UV: use value of a species, U: number of uses per species, n: number of informants
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Abdelhalim
- Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Aburjai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jane Hanrahan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heba Abdel-Halim
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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SantoDomingo AF, Castro-Díaz L, González-Uribe C. Ecosystem Research Experience with Two Indigenous Communities of Colombia: The Ecohealth Calendar as a Participatory and Innovative Methodological Tool. Ecohealth 2016; 13:687-697. [PMID: 27638473 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eco-bio-social factors may increase or decrease a community's susceptibility to vector-borne disease transmission. Traditional studies have contributed information about the association between eco-bio-social factors and health outcomes, but few have provided this information in an integrative way characterizing annual dynamics among indigenous communities. Transdisciplinary research was conducted with the Bari of Karikachaboquira and the Wayúu of Marbacella and El Horno, using qualitative and participatory methods, including seasonal graphics, semi-structured interviews, geo-referencing routes, and participatory observation. The information was triangulated and discussed with local actors in order to validate and complement the results. An ecohealth calendar was obtained for each community, linking the socioecological dynamics to specific diseases, especially malaria. Local dynamics can change, depending on environmental conditions, and these determine the presence or absence of diseases. For both communities, the rainy season is the period with the greatest proliferation of mosquitoes (including Anopheles spp.), during which malaria cases occur. The ecohealth calendar integrates eco-bio-social information from local communities, through participatory and potentially empowering processes, into a comprehensive layout. This can break down the conceptual, demographic, and cultural barriers in the context of community-based interventions and research to action based on an ecosystem framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Castro-Díaz
- Eje de Salud Pública, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Catalina González-Uribe
- Eje de Salud Pública, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Pyhälä A, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Lehvävirta H, Byg A, Ruiz-Mallén I, Salpeteur M, Thornton TF. Global environmental change: local perceptions, understandings, and explanations. Ecol Soc 2016; 21:25. [PMID: 27695479 PMCID: PMC5040507 DOI: 10.5751/es-08482-210325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change (GEC) is an increasingly discussed phenomenon in the scientific literature as evidence of its presence and impacts continues to grow. Yet, while the documentation of GEC is becoming more readily available, local perceptions of GEC- particularly in small-scale societies-and preferences about how to deal with it, are still largely overlooked. Local knowledge and perceptions of GEC are important in that agents make decisions (including on natural resource management) based on individual perceptions. We carried out a systematic literature review that aims to provide an exhaustive state-of-the-art of the degree to and manner in which the study of local perceptions of change are being addressed in GEC research. We reviewed 126 articles found in peer-reviewed journals (between 1998 and 2014) that address local perceptions of GEC. We used three particular lenses of analysis that are known to influence local perceptions, namely (i) cognition, (ii) culture and knowledge, and (iii) possibilities for adaptation.We present our findings on the geographical distribution of the current research, the most common changes reported, perceived drivers and impacts of change, and local explanations and evaluations of change and impacts. Overall, we found the studies to be geographically biased, lacking methodological reporting, mostly theory based with little primary data, and lacking of indepth analysis of the psychological and ontological influences in perception and implications for adaptation. We provide recommendations for future GEC research and propose the development of a "meta-language" around adaptation, perception, and mediation to encourage a greater appreciation and understanding of the diversity around these phenomena across multiple scales, and improved codesign and facilitation of locally relevant adaptation and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Pyhälä
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Dept. of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Dept. of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hertta Lehvävirta
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Dept. of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Byg
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, UK
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) - Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
| | - Matthieu Salpeteur
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- ERAAUB, Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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Petersen TA, Brum SM, Rossoni F, Silveira GFV, Castello L. Recovery of Arapaima sp. populations by community-based management in floodplains of the Purus River, Amazon. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:241-248. [PMID: 27094974 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a unique dataset on population abundance in various community-based management (CBM) and non-CBM areas is analysed to address the question of whether CBM can recover overexploited populations of Arapaima sp. in river-floodplain ecosystems. All non-CBM areas possessed depleted Arapaima sp. populations with a mean density of 0·01 individuals ha(-1) . Arapaima sp. population densities in all CBM areas changed over time from depleted to overexploited or well managed status, with a mean rate of increase of 77% year(-1) . Rates of Arapaima sp. population recovery in CBM areas differed, probably reflecting differences in ecosystem productivity and compliance with management regulations. These results indicate that CBM schemes can be effective tools for the recovery and conservation of fish populations with non-migratory life cycles in tropical river-floodplain ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Petersen
- Instituto Piagaçu, Rua U Z, 8, Conjunto Morada do Sol, Aleixo, 690600-95, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - S M Brum
- Instituto Piagaçu, Rua U Z, 8, Conjunto Morada do Sol, Aleixo, 690600-95, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - F Rossoni
- Instituto Piagaçu, Rua U Z, 8, Conjunto Morada do Sol, Aleixo, 690600-95, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - G F V Silveira
- Operação Amazônia Nativa, Av. Ipiranga, 97, Bairro Goiabeiras, 78032-035, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - L Castello
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
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Dash B. Public understanding of cyclone warning in India: Can wind be predicted? Public Underst Sci 2015; 24:970-987. [PMID: 25313142 DOI: 10.1177/0963662514553203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of meteorological warning, many human lives are lost every year to cyclone mainly because vulnerable populations were not evacuated on time to a safe shelter as per recommendation. It raises several questions, most prominently what explains people's behaviour in the face of such danger from a cyclonic storm? How do people view meteorological advisories issued for cyclone and what role they play in defining the threat? What shapes public response during such situation? This article based on an ethnographic study carried out in coastal state of Odisha, India, argues that local public recognising inherent limitations of meteorological warning, fall back on their own system of observation and forecasting. Not only are the contents of cyclone warning understood, its limitations are accommodated and explained.
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Mekonen T, Giday M, Kelbessa E. Ethnobotanical study of homegarden plants in Sebeta-Awas District of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia to assess use, species diversity and management practices. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2015; 11:64. [PMID: 26296364 PMCID: PMC4546269 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homegardens in Ethiopia are currently facing different threats mainly due genetic erosion, loss of traditional knowledge on their use and management and drought. On the other hand, research and documentation works on homegardens in the country are very limited. There is no previous report indicating conduct of ethnobotanical study on homegardens in selected study district. The present study thus attempted to document knowledge on uses and management practices of homegardens by people in study district. METHODS The study was conducted in Sebeta-Awas District, Southwestern Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, between March and September 2009 to assess use, species diversity and conservation status of homegardens in the District. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews as well as through homegarden visits, market surveys and different ranking exercises. For the semi-structured interviews, 42 homegarden owners were selected randomly from seven sampled kebeles (smallest administrative units in Ethiopia), six from each kebele. For different ranking exercises, 14 informants (10 males and 4 females) were sampled using convenient sampling method from among homegarden owners that already participated in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS In total, 113 plant species belonging to 46 families were recorded from the study area, of which 45 (39.8%) were herbs, 34 (30.1%) were trees, 26 (23.0%) were shrubs and 8 (7.1%) were climbers. Fabaceae had the highest number of species, followed by the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae. The cash crops Catha edulis, Rhamnus prinoides and Ruta chalepensis were the most frequently encountered homegarden plants. Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Faidherbia albida were the most abundant tree species that had the highest densities of occurrence. Of the recorded plant species, 25% were used as sources of food, 13% as medicine and 10% as household tools. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that homegardens in the study area are rich in crops and, therefore, significantly contribute to the agrobiodiversity of the study District, in particular, and Ethiopia, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tefera Mekonen
- Environmental Science Program, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ensermu Kelbessa
- The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Fernández-Llamazares Á, Méndez-López ME, Díaz-Reviriego I, McBride MF, Pyhälä A, Rosell-Melé A, Reyes-García V. Links between media communication and local perceptions of climate change in an indigenous society. Clim Change 2015; 131:307-320. [PMID: 26166919 PMCID: PMC4496462 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous societies hold a great deal of ethnoclimatological knowledge that could potentially be of key importance for both climate change science and local adaptation; yet, we lack studies examining how such knowledge might be shaped by media communication. This study systematically investigates the interplay between local observations of climate change and the reception of media information amongst the Tsimane', an indigenous society of Bolivian Amazonia where the scientific discourse of anthropogenic climate change has barely reached. Specifically, we conducted a Randomized Evaluation with a sample of 424 household heads in 12 villages to test to what degree local accounts of climate change are influenced by externally influenced awareness. We randomly assigned villages to a treatment and control group, conducted workshops on climate change with villages in the treatment group, and evaluated the effects of information dissemination on individual climate change perceptions. Results of this work suggest that providing climate change information through participatory workshops does not noticeably influence individual perceptions of climate change. Such findings stress the challenges involved in translating between local and scientific framings of climate change, and gives cause for concern about how to integrate indigenous peoples and local knowledge with global climate change policy debates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Metapopulation Research Centre, MRC, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA Edifici Z, Carrer de les Columnes Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 – Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Tel.: (+34)935868649
| | | | - Isabel Díaz-Reviriego
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marissa F. McBride
- Metapopulation Research Centre, MRC, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aili Pyhälä
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Metapopulation Research Centre, MRC, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Schunko C, Grasser S, Vogl CR. Explaining the resurgent popularity of the wild: motivations for wild plant gathering in the Biosphere Reserve Grosses Walsertal, Austria. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2015; 11:55. [PMID: 26122103 PMCID: PMC4488988 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild plant gathering becomes again a popular and fashionable activity in Europe after gathering practices have been increasingly abandoned over the last decades. Recent ethnobotanical research documented a diversity of gathering practices from people of diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds who gather in urban and rural areas. Few efforts were though made to study the motivations for gathering wild plants and to understand the resurgent popularity of wild plant gathering. This paper addresses the following research questions: (1) which motivations activate wild plant gatherers? (2) which motivation-types of gatherers exist in the Grosses Walsertal? (3) how do the motivations for gathering relate to the socio-demographic background of gatherers? METHODS Field research was conducted in the Grosses Walsertal, Austria in the years 2008 and 2009 in two field research periods. Thirty-six local farmers were first interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The motivations identified in these interviews were then included in a structured questionnaire, which was used to interview 353 residents of the valley. Pupils of local schools participated in the data collection as interviewers. Principal Component Analysis was used to categorize the motivations and to identify motivation-types of wild plant gatherers. Generalized Linear Models were calculated to identify relations between motivations and the socio-demographic background of gatherers. RESULTS The respondents listed 13 different motivations for gathering wild plants and four motivations for not gathering. These 17 motivations were grouped in five motivation-types of wild plant gatherers, which are in decreasing importance: product quality, fun, tradition, not-gathering, income. Women, older respondents and homegardeners gather wild plants more often for fun; older respondents gather more often for maintaining traditions; non-homegardeners more frequently mention motivations for not gathering. CONCLUSIONS The resurgent popularity of wild plant gathering comes along with an internalization of motivations: the main motivations for wild plant gathering changed from the external extrinsic motivation of gathering because of necessity towards the internalized extrinsic motivation of gathering for the highly esteemed product quality and the intrinsic motivation of gathering for the pleasure of the activity itself. This internalization of motivations supports the persistence of wild plant gathering, a positive self-perception of gatherers and good quality of engagement with wild plant gathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schunko
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovation, Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Susanne Grasser
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovation, Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian R Vogl
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovation, Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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N'Danikou S, Achigan-Dako EG, Tchokponhoue DA, Agossou CO, Houdegbe CA, Vodouhe RS, Ahanchede A. Modelling socioeconomic determinants for cultivation and in-situ conservation of Vitex doniana Sweet (Black plum), a wild harvested economic plant in Benin. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2015; 11:28. [PMID: 25925635 PMCID: PMC4422408 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivation is the most appropriate management option when both demand and harvesting of wild plant species increase beyond natural production levels. In the current study we made the assumption that, besides the intrinsic biological and ecological characteristics of the species, the decision to cultivate and/or to conserve an overharvested wild plant species is triggered by the socioeconomic factors such as land tenure and size, origin of respondents, gender, and users' knowledge of the plant phenology. METHODS We carried out semi-structured interviews with 178 informants involved in V. doniana exploitation. The data collected were related to socio-demographic characteristics of informants' household situation, knowledge of the biology and propagation of the species, willingness to cultivate the species, in-situ maintenance of populations, and costs associated with management of the species. According to data types we used Student's t, Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's exact and χ2 tests to test the effects of land tenure, origin of respondents, gender and users' knowledge of plant phenology on the decision making process. Conditional inference tree models and generalized additive models were also used to identify variables which were significantly determinant in the decision to cultivate and/or to conserve the species in-situ. RESULTS We found that men were more willing to cultivate the species than women and this is conditioned by land area available. The willingness to conserve the species in-situ depends mainly on the total land area available, the number of trees within the landscape, accessibility of the trees, land tenure, gender, location, seedling cost, and trade-off cost for conservation. People who offered more than one US dollar to acquire a seedling of V. doniana, landowners, and those who own a total land area in excess of 6.5 ha were most willing to conserve the species in-situ. CONCLUSIONS From our findings we conclude that future management and conservation initiatives for V. doniana should first target specific user groups for sustainable exploitation of the species. Also, the Cultivation Opportunity Ratio is an important indicator for quick determination of the likelihood of farmers to engage into cultivation and conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sognigbe N'Danikou
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
- Bioversity International, West and Central Africa office, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Republic of Benin.
| | - Enoch G Achigan-Dako
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
| | - Dedeou A Tchokponhoue
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
| | - Chaldia Oa Agossou
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
| | - Carlos A Houdegbe
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
| | - Raymond S Vodouhe
- Bioversity International, West and Central Africa office, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Republic of Benin.
| | - Adam Ahanchede
- Horticulture and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 2549, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
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Owiti JA, Greenhalgh T, Sweeney L, Foster GR, Bhui KS. Illness perceptions and explanatory models of viral hepatitis B & C among immigrants and refugees: a narrative systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 25886390 PMCID: PMC4336715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Many countries with traditionally low prevalence (such as UK) are now planning interventions (screening, vaccination, and treatment) of high-risk immigrants from countries with high prevalence. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence on immigrants' knowledge of HBV and HCV that might influence the uptake of clinical interventions. The review was also used to inform the design and successful delivery of a randomised controlled trial of targeted screening and treatment. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, CINHAL, SOCIOFILE, PsycINFO & Web of Science) were systematically searched, supplemented by reference tracking, searches of selected journals, and of relevant websites. We aimed to identify qualitative and quantitative studies that investigated knowledge of HBV and HCV among immigrants from high endemic areas to low endemic areas. Evidence, extracted according to a conceptual framework of Kleinman's explanatory model, was subjected to narrative synthesis. We adapted the PEN-3 model to categorise and analyse themes, and recommend strategies for interventions to influence help-seeking behaviour. RESULTS We identified 51 publications including quantitative (n = 39), qualitative (n = 11), and mixed methods (n = 1) designs. Most of the quantitative studies included small samples and had heterogeneous methods and outcomes. The studies mainly concentrated on hepatitis B and ethnic groups of South East Asian immigrants residing in USA, Canada, and Australia. Many immigrants lacked adequate knowledge of aetiology, symptoms, transmission risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment, of hepatitis HBV and HCV. Ethnicity, gender, better education, higher income, and English proficiency influenced variations in levels and forms of knowledge. CONCLUSION Immigrants are vulnerable to HBV and HCV, and risk life-threatening complications from these infections because of poor knowledge and help-seeking behaviour. Primary studies in this area are extremely diverse and of variable quality precluding meta-analysis. Further research is needed outside North America and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Owiti
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Psychiatry, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK.
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, E1 2AB, London, UK.
| | - Lorna Sweeney
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, E1 2AB, London, UK.
| | - Graham R Foster
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Liver Unit, Centre for Digestive Diseases, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT, London, UK.
| | - Kamaldeep S Bhui
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Psychiatry, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK.
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Andriamparany JN, Brinkmann K, Jeannoda V, Buerkert A. Effects of socio-economic household characteristics on traditional knowledge and usage of wild yams and medicinal plants in the Mahafaly region of south-western Madagascar. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2014; 10:82. [PMID: 25551198 PMCID: PMC4414374 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-10-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural households in the Mahafaly region of semi-arid SW-Madagascar strongly depend on the exploitation of natural resources for their basic needs and income regeneration. An overuse of such resources threatens the natural environment and people's livelihood. Our study focuses on the diversity and use of wild yams and medicinal plants. METHODS We hypothesized that knowledge on the use of these resources highly depends on farmers' socio-economic household characteristics. To test this hypothesis, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted based on semi-structured interviews recording socio-economic base data and information on local knowledge of medicinal and wild yam species. This was followed by field inventories compiling plant material for botanical identification. RESULTS Six species of wild yam and a total of 214 medicinal plants from 68 families and 163 genera were identified. Cluster and discriminant analysis yielded two groups of households with different wealth status characterized by differences in livestock numbers, off-farm activities, agricultural land and harvests. A generalized linear model highlighted that economic factors significantly affect the collection of wild yams, whereas the use of medicinal plants depends to a higher degree on socio-cultural factors. CONCLUSIONS Wild yams play an important role in local food security in the Mahafaly region, especially for poor farmers, and medicinal plants are a primary source of health care for the majority of local people. Our results indicate the influence of socio-economic household characteristics on the use of forest products and its intensity, which should be considered in future management plans for local and regional forest conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Andriamparany
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - Katja Brinkmann
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - Vololoniaina Jeannoda
- Department of Biology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.
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Tengö M, Brondizio ES, Elmqvist T, Malmer P, Spierenburg M. Connecting diverse knowledge systems for enhanced ecosystem governance: the multiple evidence base approach. Ambio 2014; 43:579-91. [PMID: 24659474 PMCID: PMC4132468 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and local knowledge systems as well as practitioners' knowledge can provide valid and useful knowledge to enhance our understanding of governance of biodiversity and ecosystems for human well-being. There is, therefore, a great need within emerging global assessment programs, such as the IPBES and other international efforts, to develop functioning mechanisms for legitimate, transparent, and constructive ways of creating synergies across knowledge systems. We present the multiple evidence base (MEB) as an approach that proposes parallels whereby indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems are viewed to generate different manifestations of knowledge, which can generate new insights and innovations through complementarities. MEB emphasizes that evaluation of knowledge occurs primarily within rather than across knowledge systems. MEB on a particular issue creates an enriched picture of understanding, for triangulation and joint assessment of knowledge, and a starting point for further knowledge generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tengö
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo S. Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Thomas Elmqvist
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Malmer
- The Resilience and Development Programme – SwedBio, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marja Spierenburg
- Department of Organization Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hazzah L, Dolrenry S, Naughton-Treves L, Edwards CTT, Mwebi O, Kearney F, Frank L. Efficacy of two lion conservation programs in Maasailand, Kenya. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:851-860. [PMID: 24527992 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lion (Panthera leo) populations are in decline throughout most of Africa. The problem is particularly acute in southern Kenya, where Maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. The model estimated that compensation resulted in an 87-91% drop in the number of lions killed, whereas Lion Guardians (operating in combination with compensation and alone) resulted in a 99% drop in lion killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Hazzah
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706-1404, U.S.A., Living with Lions, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya.
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Abstract
When sudden catastrophic events occur, it becomes critical for coastal communities to detect and respond to environmental transformations because failure to do so may undermine overall ecosystem resilience and threaten people's livelihoods. We therefore asked how capable of detecting rapid ecological change following massive environmental disruptions local, indigenous people are. We assessed the direction and periodicity of experimental learning of people in the Western Solomon Islands after a tsunami in 2007. We compared the results of marine science surveys with local ecological knowledge of the benthos across 3 affected villages and 3 periods before and after the tsunami. We sought to determine how people recognize biophysical changes in the environment before and after catastrophic events such as earthquakes and tsunamis and whether people have the ability to detect ecological changes over short time scales or need longer time scales to recognize changes. Indigenous people were able to detect changes in the benthos over time. Detection levels differed between marine science surveys and local ecological knowledge sources over time, but overall patterns of statistically significant detection of change were evident for various habitats. Our findings have implications for marine conservation, coastal management policies, and disaster-relief efforts because when people are able to detect ecological changes, this, in turn, affects how they exploit and manage their marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Aswani
- Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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Powell B, Ouarghidi A, Johns T, Ibn Tattou M, Eyzaguirre P. Wild leafy vegetable use and knowledge across multiple sites in Morocco: a case study for transmission of local knowledge? J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2014; 10:34. [PMID: 24708730 PMCID: PMC4008438 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few publications on the use and diversity of wild leafy vegetables (WLVs) in Morocco. In order to address this gap, we conducted ethnobotanical field work in Taounate, Azilal and El House regions. METHODS Ethnobotanical collections, free listing, qualitative interviews and a 7 day food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS More than 30 species in 23 genera of WLV were identified. Of these 4 had not previously recorded as WLVs used in Morocco in the literature. WLVs were used by 84% of households surveyed in Taounate (N = 61, in March 2005), and were used up to 4 times a week. Qualitative data revealed both positive and negative perceptions of WLVs and detailed knowledge about preparation among women. The greatest diversity of WLV knowledge and use was in the Rif Mountains (Taounate). There was significant variation in nomenclature and salience of WLVs, not only between regions, but also between villages in the same region. Within the same region (or even village) different local names were used for a given species or genus, and different species were identified by the same local name (including species from different botanical families). Data showed greater overlap in knowledge among villages using the same market. CONCLUSION We believe the results suggest that markets are important sites for WLV knowledge transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Powell
- Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Timothy Johns
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ibn Tattou
- Département de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Institut Scientifique de Rabat (ISR), University Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
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Mustonen T. Power discourses of fish death: case of linnunsuo peat production. Ambio 2014; 43:234-243. [PMID: 23852881 PMCID: PMC3906474 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the peat production impacts on Jukajoki river in Finland by implementing discourse analysis. Four discourses are explored: state truth statements; company statements that are in close proximity of state power; discourses provided by the local community Selkie, who provided counter-narratives to the official views; and finally media and related discourses. In conclusion, the discourses by the state and closely related actors (A-B) comprised implementation of their power and justifying it at the expense of those who are excluded from such power, in this case the village. The village narrative (C) contains elements that strongly contradict the statements provided by those with power. The results indicate local communities should be taken more seriously. The systematic denial of local peoples' rights should be reviewed, and local participation in environmental permit assessments implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Mustonen
- University of Eastern Finland, PL 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland,
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Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the benefits and shortcomings of using standardised work methods in home care nursing. BACKGROUND Health care is increasingly shaped by the use of standardised work methods. This trend is reflected in the use of management tools aimed at monitoring service quality and efficiency, as well as in the evidence-based movement that has led to a shift in focus from the practitioner to the knowledge found in guidelines and clinical protocols. This study addressed the impact of this development on home care services. DESIGN This is an ethnographic study involving fieldwork in home care nursing in Iceland. METHODS The study took place in one neighbourhood in an urban area in Iceland in 2010. Members of five of six home care nursing teams agreed to participate. Team leaders were observed during visits to older person's homes and at team and interdisciplinary meetings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the team leaders and 15 older persons. RESULTS The results were presented as three themes: For it all to hang together, which referred to attempts on behalf of the team leaders to coordinate complex services and assistance for the benefit of each patient; Working with more advanced cases, which reflected the uptake of standardised methods to address health matters locally; and Being heard, which reflects the politics of using standardised methods. CONCLUSIONS Standardised work methods can be helpful and are welcomed by home care nurses as long as they can also use their own discretion and draw on other forms of knowledge when needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study brought out the importance of flexibility in home care practice. Standardised work methods are welcomed and seen as helpful as long as they can be used based on the discretion of the practitioner.
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D'Antuono LF. Traditional foods and food systems: a revision of concepts emerging from qualitative surveys on-site in the Black Sea area and Italy. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3443-3454. [PMID: 23963881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European FP7 BaSeFood project included a traditional food study contextually analysing their function in local food systems to stimulate consumers' awareness and indicate co-existence options for different scale exploitation. Background concepts were (1) the available traditional foods definitions; (2) the theoretical background of food quality perceptions; and (3) the different levels of food functions. METHODS Field investigations were carried out by face-to-face in-depth qualitative interviews with local stakeholders, in the Black Sea region and Italy, on all aspects of traditional food production chains: raw materials, products, processes and perceptions. Critical and intercultural comparisons represented the basis of data analysis. RESULTS Eight hundred and thirty-nine foods were documented. The direct experience perception of traditional food value observed in local contexts is somewhat contrasting with the present European tendency to communicate traditional food nature through registration or proprietary standards. Traditional foods are generally a combination of energetic staples with other available ingredients; their intrinsic variability makes the definition of 'standard' recipes little more than an artefact of convenience; cross-country variations are determined by available ingredients, social conditions and nutritional needs. Commercial production requires some degree of raw material and process standardisation. New technologies and rules may stimulate traditional food evolution, but may also represent a barrier for local stakeholders. A trend to work within supply chains by local stakeholders was detected. Specific health promoting values were rarely perceived as a fundamental character. The stable inclusion of traditional food systems in present food supply chains requires a recovery of consumers' awareness of traditional food quality appreciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Filippo D'Antuono
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology, Food Science Campus Organisational Unit, Piazza Goidanich 60, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, (FC), Italy
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Padmanaba M, Sheil D, Basuki I, Liswanti N. Accessing local knowledge to identify where species of conservation concern occur in a tropical forest landscape. Environ Manage 2013; 52:348-359. [PMID: 23633002 PMCID: PMC3713271 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional biodiversity surveys play an important role in ensuring good conservation friendly management in tropical forest regions but are demanding in terms of expertise, time, and budget. Can local people help? Here, we illustrate how local knowledge can support low cost conservation surveys. We worked in the Malinau watershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, an area currently at risk of extensive forest loss. We selected eight species of regional conservation interest: rafflesia (Rafflesia spp.), black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), tarsier (Tarsius bancanus), slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi/N. nebulosa), and orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus). We asked 52 informants in seven villages if, where and when they had observed these species. We used maps, based on both geo-referenced and sketched features, to record these observations. Verification concerns and related issues are discussed. Evaluations suggest our local information is reliable. Our study took 6 weeks and cost about USD 5000. Extensive expert based field surveys across the same region would cost one or two orders of magnitude more. The records extend the known distribution for sun bear, tarsier, slow loris, and clouded leopard. Reports of rafflesia, proboscis monkey, and orang-utan are of immediate conservation significance. While quality concerns should never be abandoned, we conclude that local people can help expand our knowledge of large areas in an effective, reliable, and low cost manner and thus contribute to improved management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Padmanaba
- Center for International Forestry Research, PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia.
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Grasser S, Schunko C, Vogl CR. Gathering "tea"--from necessity to connectedness with nature. Local knowledge about wild plant gathering in the Biosphere Reserve Grosses Walsertal (Austria). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2012; 8:31. [PMID: 22889066 PMCID: PMC3480914 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild plant gathering is an essential element in livelihood strategies all over the world. However due to changing circumstances in Europe, the reason for gathering has altered from one of necessity in the past to a pleasurable activity today. Wild plant gathering has therefore also received renewed attention as a form of intangible cultural heritage expressing local preferences, habits and man's relationship with nature. In the Biosphere Reserve Grosses Walsertal (Austria), local people's knowledge of the gathering of wild plants and their perception of their own gathering activities are being documented. The focus of this paper is on the uses of herbal teas and the informal guidelines for gathering plants that have been issued by the Bergtee (mountain tea) association. METHODS Thirty-six free-list interviews were conducted with subsequent semi-structured interviews and three focus group meetings held with members of the Bergtee association. Participatory observation (gathering and processing plants, mixing and marketing tea) also allowed for greater understanding of what had been reported. RESULTS In total, 140 different gathered plant species were listed by respondents. Herbal tea is the most frequently mentioned use. The Bergtee association, founded by a young man and two middle-aged women in the valley, is a good example of the link between biological and cultural diversity, with the aim of sharing the biosphere reserve's natural treasures as well as local plant-related knowledge in the form of herbal tea products. The association's informal guidelines for gathering reflect people's attitude to nature: monetary income does not play a major role in gathering plants; instead people's appreciation of the value of the nature around them is to the fore. CONCLUSIONS Gathering wild plants can be seen as an expression of people's regional identity. The conscious appreciation of nature and related local knowledge is crucial for the sustainable conservation and use of the Biosphere Reserve's resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grasser
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming, Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Christoph Schunko
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming, Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Christian R Vogl
- Working Group Knowledge Systems and Innovations, Division of Organic Farming, Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
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Mafimisebi TE, Oguntade AE, Fajemisin AN, Aiyelari OP. Local knowledge and socio-economic determinants of traditional medicines' utilization in livestock health management in Southwest Nigeria. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2012; 8:2. [PMID: 22239949 PMCID: PMC3271954 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Smallholder livestock farmers in Nigeria utilize traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants (PMs) for the maintenance of their animals' health. This study was designed to determine the PMs used in the study area and their level of utilization by livestock farmers, compare the level of utilization of PMs across the three states surveyed and identify the socio-economic factors influencing farmer's utilization of PMs. Thirty-five PMs were identified. Farmers had considerable knowledge about the identified PMs but about 80.0% of them used the PMs to poor/moderate extent. There were statistical differences in the utilization level of PMs among the three states. Six socio-economic variables were found to be statistically significant in influencing PMs' utilization. Farmer's age, household size, distance to the nearest veterinary hospital/clinic and extent of travels, had positive effects while negative effects were exhibited by farm income and number of heads of livestock. It was concluded that there was considerable knowledge about PMs and that utilization of PMs varied between the three states. It was recommended that local knowledge of PMs be preserved in the study area through screening and documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo E Mafimisebi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega E Oguntade
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale N Fajemisin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olaiya P Aiyelari
- Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Carvalho AM, Frazão-Moreira A. Importance of local knowledge in plant resources management and conservation in two protected areas from Trás-os-Montes, Portugal. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2011; 7:36. [PMID: 22112242 PMCID: PMC3285080 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-7-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many European protected areas were legally created to preserve and maintain biological diversity, unique natural features and associated cultural heritage. Built over centuries as a result of geographical and historical factors interacting with human activity, these territories are reservoirs of resources, practices and knowledge that have been the essential basis of their creation. Under social and economical transformations several components of such areas tend to be affected and their protection status endangered.Carrying out ethnobotanical surveys and extensive field work using anthropological methodologies, particularly with key-informants, we report changes observed and perceived in two natural parks in Trás-os-Montes, Portugal, that affect local plant-use systems and consequently local knowledge. By means of informants' testimonies and of our own observation and experience we discuss the importance of local knowledge and of local communities' participation to protected areas design, management and maintenance. We confirm that local knowledge provides new insights and opportunities for sustainable and multipurpose use of resources and offers contemporary strategies for preserving cultural and ecological diversity, which are the main purposes and challenges of protected areas. To be successful it is absolutely necessary to make people active participants, not simply integrate and validate their knowledge and expertise. Local knowledge is also an interesting tool for educational and promotional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carvalho
- CIMO (Centro de Investigação de Montanha), Dept. Biologia e Biotecnologia, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Amélia Frazão-Moreira
- CRIA (Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia), Dept. de Antropologia, Faculdade Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal
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Sõukand R, Kalle R, Svanberg I. Uninvited guests: traditional insect repellents in Estonia used against the clothes moth Tineola bisselliella, human flea Pulex irritons and bedbug Cimex lectularius. J Insect Sci 2010; 10:150. [PMID: 21070174 PMCID: PMC3016901 DOI: 10.1673/031.010.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive folklore records from pre-modern Estonia give us an excellent opportunity to study a variety of local plant knowledge and plant use among the peasantry in various parts of the country. One important biocultural domain where plant knowledge has been crucial was in the various methods of combating different ectoparasites that cohabited and coexisted with humans and their domestic animals. Some of these methods were widely known (world-wide, Eurasia, Europe, Baltic Rim), while others were more local. Here we discuss ways of reducing clothes moths Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), human fleas Pulex irritons L. (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and bedbugs Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) with the help of plants. Various taxa used as traditional repellents have been identified. The use of plants as repellents and their toxic principles are also discussed from a comparative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sõukand
- Tartu University, Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Department of Semiotics, Tiigi 78, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Literary Museum, Vanemuise 42, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Kalle
- Estonian Literary Museum, Vanemuise 42, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ingvar Svanberg
- Uppsala Centre for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Box 514, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sullivan J, Parras B, St. Marie R, Subra W, Petronella S, Gorenstein J, Fuchs-Young R, Santa R, Chavarria A, Ward J, Diamond P. Public talks and science listens: a community-based participatory approach to characterizing environmental health risk perceptions and assessing recovery needs in the wake of hurricanes katrina and rita. Environ Health Insights 2009; 3:37-51. [PMID: 20508756 PMCID: PMC2872570 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In response to the human health threats stemming from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, inter-disciplinary working groups representing P30-funded Centers of the National Institute Environmental Health Sciences were created to assess threats posed by mold, harmful alga blooms, chemical toxicants, and various infectious agents at selected sites throughout the hurricane impact zone. Because of proximity to impacted areas, UTMB NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology was charged with coordinating direct community outreach efforts, primarily in south Louisiana. In early October 2005, UTMB/NIEHS Center Community Outreach and Education Core, in collaboration with outreach counterparts at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center @ Smithville TX/Center for Research in Environmental Disease sent two groups into southern Louisiana. One group used Lafourche Parish as a base to deliver humanitarian aid and assess local needs for additional supplies during local recovery/reclamation. A second group, ranging through New Iberia, New Orleans, Chalmette, rural Terrebonne, Lafourche and Jefferson Parishes and Baton Rouge met with community environmental leaders, emergency personnel and local citizens to 1) sample public risk perceptions, 2) evaluate the scope and reach of ongoing risk communication efforts, and 3) determine how the NIEHS could best collaborate with local groups in environmental health research and local capacity building efforts. This scoping survey identified specific information gaps limiting efficacy of risk communication, produced a community "wish list" of potential collaborative research projects. The project provided useful heuristics for disaster response and management planning and a platform for future collaborative efforts in environmental health assessment and risk communication with local advocacy groups in south Terrebonne-Lafourche parishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sullivan
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
| | - B. Parras
- T.e.j.a.s. (Texas Environmental Justice Advocacy Services (Houston TX)
| | | | | | - S. Petronella
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
| | - J. Gorenstein
- University of Texas/MD Anderson Cancer Center @ Smithville/Center for Research in Environmental Diseases
| | - R. Fuchs-Young
- University of Texas/MD Anderson Cancer Center @ Smithville/Center for Research in Environmental Diseases
| | - R.K. Santa
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
| | - A. Chavarria
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
| | - J. Ward
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
| | - P. Diamond
- University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston/NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology
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