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Molto-Martin I, Neil DM, Coates CJ, MacKenzie SA, Bass D, Stentiford GD, Albalat A. Infection of Norway lobster ( Nephrops norvegicus) by the parasite Hematodinium sp.: insights from 30 years of field observations. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231147. [PMID: 38234432 PMCID: PMC10791531 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is an important representative of the benthos and also supports valuable fisheries across Europe. Nephrops are susceptible to infection by Hematodinium sp., an endoparasitic dinoflagellate that causes morbidity and mortality. From an epizootiological perspective, the Clyde Sea Area (CSA; west of Scotland) is the best-studied Hematodinium-Nephrops pathosystem, with historical data available between 1988 and 2008. We have revisited this pathosystem by curating and updating prevalence values, differentiating host traits associated with disease exposure and progression, and comparing Hematodinium sp. disease dynamics in the CSA to other locations and to other decapod hosts (Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas). Prevalence from a 2018/2019 survey (involving 1739 lobsters) revealed Hematodinium sp. still mounts a synchronized patent infection in the CSA; hence this pathogen can be considered as enzootic in this location. We highlight for the first time that Nephrops size is associated with high severity infection, while females are more exposed to Hematodinium sp. More generally, regardless of the host (Norway lobster, brown and shore crabs) or the geographical area (Ireland, Wales, Scotland), Hematodinium sp. patent infections peak in spring/summer and reach their nadir during autumn. We contend that Hematodinium must be considered one of the most important pathogens of decapod crustaceans in temperate waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas M. Neil
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amaya Albalat
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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2
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Walters EA, Bojko J, Crowley CE, Gandy RL, Martin CW, Shea CP, Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Behringer DC. Salinity and temperature affect the symbiont profile and host condition of Florida USA blue crabs Callinectes sapidus. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107930. [PMID: 37148998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical Florida blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, exhibit differing life history traits compared to their temperate counterparts, likely influencing symbiont infection dynamics. Little information exists for Florida C. sapidus symbiont profiles, their distribution among various habitats, and influence on crab condition. Using histopathology, genomics, and transmission electron microscopy, we describe the first symbiont profiles for Florida C. sapidus occupying freshwater to marine habitats. Twelve symbiont groups were identified from 409 crabs including ciliophorans, digenean, microsporidian, Haplosporidia, Hematodinium sp., Nematoda, filamentous bacteria, gregarine, Callinectes sapidus nudivirus, Octolasmis sp., Cambarincola sp., and putative microcell. Overall, 78% of C. sapidus were documented with one or more symbiont groups demonstrating high infection rates in wild populations. Environmental variables water temperature and salinity explained 48% of the variation in symbiont groups among Florida habitats, and salinity was positively correlated with C. sapidus symbiont diversity. This suggests freshwater C. sapidus possess fewer symbionts and represent healthier individuals compared to saltwater populations. Crab condition was examined using the reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) to determine if reflex impairment could be linked to symbiont prevalence. Symbionts were found positively correlated with crab condition, and impaired crabs were more likely to host symbionts, demonstrating symbiont inclusion may boost predictive ability of the RAMP application. The microsporidian symbiont group had a particularly strong effect on C. sapidus reflex response, and impairment was on average 1.57 times higher compared to all other symbiont groups. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering full symbiont profiles and their associations with a spatially and temporally variable environment to fully assess C. sapidus population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Walters
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA.
| | - Jamie Bojko
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom; School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Crowley
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Ryan L Gandy
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Charles W Martin
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528
| | - Colin P Shea
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA
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Bass D, Christison KW, Stentiford GD, Cook LSJ, Hartikainen H. Environmental DNA/RNA for pathogen and parasite detection, surveillance, and ecology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:285-304. [PMID: 36759269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pathogens, parasites, and other symbionts in environmental samples via eDNA/eRNA (collectively eNA) is an increasingly important source of information about their occurrence and activity. There is great potential for using such detections as a proxy for infection of host organisms in connected habitats, for pathogen monitoring and surveillance, and for early warning systems for disease. However, many factors require consideration, and appropriate methods developed and verified, in order that eNA detections can be reliably interpreted and adopted for surveillance and assessment of disease risk, and potentially inclusion in international standards, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. Disease manifestation results from host-symbiont-environment interactions between hosts, demanding a multifactorial approach to interpretation of eNA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
| | - Kevin W Christison
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, South Africa
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Lauren S J Cook
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Bojko J, Behringer DC, Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Clark KF. Pseudohepatospora borealis n. gen. n. sp. (Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonida): A microsporidian pathogen of the Jonah crab (Cancer borealis). J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 197:107886. [PMID: 36646414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The microsporidian diversity catalogued so far has resulted in the development of several taxonomic groups, one of which is the Enterocytozoonida - a group of generalist 'ultimate opportunists', which infect many fished and aquacultured animals, as well as a broad suite of host taxa, including humans. In this study, we provide phylogenetic, ultrastructural, developmental, and pathological evidence for the creation of a new genus and species to hold a microsporidian parasite of the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis. Cancer borealis represents a species of commercial interest and has become the target of a recently developed fishery on the USA and Canadian Atlantic coast. This species was found to harbour a microsporidian parasite that develops in the cytoplasm of alpha and beta cells of the hepatopancreas. We retrieved a 937 bp fragment of the parasite SSU region, alongside developmental and ultrastructural data that suggests this species is ∼ 87 % similar to Parahepatospora carcini and develops in a similar manner in direct association with the host cell cytoplasm. The mature spores are ovoid in shape and measure 1.48 ± 0.15 µm (SD) in length and 1.00 ± 0.11 µm (SD) in width. Phylogenetically, the new parasite clades in the Enterocytozoonida on the same branch as P. carcini. We provide a new genus and species to hold the parasite: Pseudohepatospora borealis n. gen. n. sp. (Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonida) and explore the likelihood that this species may fit into the Hepatoporidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK; School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - K Fraser Clark
- Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B2N 4H5, Canada
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5
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Millard RS, Bickley LK, Bateman KS, Verbruggen B, Farbos A, Lange A, Moore KA, Stentiford GD, Tyler CR, van Aerle R, Santos EM. Resistance to white spot syndrome virus in the European shore crab is associated with suppressed virion trafficking and heightened immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057421. [PMID: 36636327 PMCID: PMC9831657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction All decapod crustaceans are considered potentially susceptible to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection, but the degree of White Spot Disease (WSD) susceptibility varies widely between species. The European shore crab Carcinus maenas can be infected with the virus for long periods of time without signs of disease. Given the high mortality rate of susceptible species, the differential susceptibility of these resistant hosts offers an opportunity to investigate mechanisms of disease resistance. Methods Here, the temporal transcriptional responses (mRNA and miRNA) of C. maenas following WSSV injection were analysed and compared to a previously published dataset for the highly WSSV susceptible Penaeus vannamei to identify key genes, processes and pathways contributing to increased WSD resistance. Results We show that, in contrast to P. vannamei, the transcriptional response during the first 2 days following WSSV injection in C. maenas is limited. During the later time points (7 days onwards), two groups of crabs were identified, a recalcitrant group where no replication of the virus occurred, and a group where significant viral replication occurred, with the transcriptional profiles of the latter group resembling those of WSSV-susceptible species. We identify key differences in the molecular responses of these groups to WSSV injection. Discussion We propose that increased WSD resistance in C. maenas may result from impaired WSSV endocytosis due to the inhibition of internal vesicle budding by dynamin-1, and a delay in movement to the nucleus caused by the downregulation of cytoskeletal transcripts required for WSSV cytoskeleton docking, during early stages of the infection. This response allows resistant hosts greater time to fine-tune immune responses associated with miRNA expression, apoptosis and the melanisation cascade to defend against, and clear, invading WSSV. These findings suggest that the initial stages of infection are key to resistance to WSSV in the crab and highlight possible pathways that could be targeted in farmed crustacean to enhance resistance to WSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Millard
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom,Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Rebecca S. Millard, ; Eduarda M. Santos,
| | - Lisa K. Bickley
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly S. Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom,Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Farbos
- University of Exeter Sequencing Facility, Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Moore
- University of Exeter Sequencing Facility, Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom,Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom,Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Rebecca S. Millard, ; Eduarda M. Santos,
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6
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Cottier-Cook EJ, Cabarubias JP, Brakel J, Brodie J, Buschmann AH, Campbell I, Critchley AT, Hewitt CL, Huang J, Hurtado AQ, Kambey CSB, Lim PE, Liu T, Mateo JP, Msuya FE, Qi Z, Shaxson L, Stentiford GD, Bondad-Reantaso MG. A new Progressive Management Pathway for improving seaweed biosecurity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7401. [PMID: 36456544 PMCID: PMC9713725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook
- grid.410415.50000 0000 9388 4992Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Jennefe P. Cabarubias
- Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Arellano Boulevard, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Janina Brakel
- grid.410415.50000 0000 9388 4992Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Juliet Brodie
- grid.35937.3b0000 0001 2270 9879Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Alejandro H. Buschmann
- grid.442234.70000 0001 2295 9069Centro i-mar, CeBiB and MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, 1080000 Chile
| | - Iona Campbell
- grid.410415.50000 0000 9388 4992Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, Sydney, Cape Breton, NS B1M 1A2 Canada
| | - Chad L. Hewitt
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.16488.330000 0004 0385 8571Lincoln University, 85084 Ellesmere Junction Road, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.436646.50000 0001 2290 6194Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Anicia Q. Hurtado
- grid.449735.80000 0000 8534 737XInstitute of Aquaculture, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo 5023 Philippines
| | - Cicilia S. B. Kambey
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Jalan Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia
| | - Phaik Eem Lim
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Jalan Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia
| | - Tao Liu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Jonalyn P. Mateo
- grid.449735.80000 0000 8534 737XInstitute of Aquaculture, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo 5023 Philippines ,grid.449735.80000 0000 8534 737XInstitute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanology, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Philippines
| | | | - Zizhong Qi
- grid.4422.00000 0001 2152 3263College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | | | - Grant D. Stentiford
- grid.14332.370000 0001 0746 0155Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, DT4 8UB Dorset UK
| | - Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso
- grid.420153.10000 0004 1937 0300Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, 00153 Italy
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7
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Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Kerr R, Hooper C, White P, Edwards M, Ross S, Hazelgrove R, Daumich C, Green MJ, Ivory D, Evans C, Bass D. Amoebic crab disease (ACD) in edible crab Cancer pagurus from the English Channel, UK. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 150:1-16. [PMID: 35796507 DOI: 10.3354/dao03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genera Paramoeba and Neoparamoeba (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida, Paramoebidae) include well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with fish (N. peruans; amoebic gill disease), lobsters, molluscs and sea urchins, but only rarely with crabs (grey crab disease of blue crabs). Following reports of elevated post-capture mortality in edible crabs Cancer pagurus captured from a site within the English Channel fishery in the UK, a novel disease (amoebic crab disease, ACD) was detected in significant proportions of the catch. We present histopathological, transmission electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic data, showing that this disease is defined by colonization of haemolymph, connective tissues and fixed phagocytes by amoeboid cells, leading to tissue destruction and presumably death in severely diseased hosts. The pathology was strongly associated with a novel amoeba with a phylogenetic position on 18S rRNA gene trees robustly sister to Janickina pigmentifera (which groups within the current circumscription of Paramoeba/Neoparamoeba), herein described as Janickina feisti n. sp. We provide evidence that J. feisti is associated with ACD in 50% of C. pagurus sampled from the mortality event. A diversity of other paramoebid sequence types, clustering with known radiations of N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina and a novel N. aestuarina sequence type, was detected by PCR in most of the crabs investigated, but their detection was much less strongly associated with clinical signs of disease. The discovery of ACD in edible crabs from the UK is discussed relative to published historical health surveys for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
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8
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Munkongwongsiri N, Prachumwat A, Eamsaard W, Lertsiri K, Flegel TW, Stentiford GD, Sritunyalucksana K. Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 192:107784. [PMID: 35659607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) in cultivated shrimp is characterized by white shrimp midguts (intestines) and white fecal strings that float as mats on pond surfaces. The etiology of WFS is complex, but one type called EHP-WFS is associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The hepatopancreas (HP), midgut and fecal strings of EHP-WFS shrimp exhibit massive quantities of EHP spores together with mixed, unidentified bacteria. In EHP-WFS ponds, some EHP-infected shrimp show white midguts (WG) and produce white feces while other EHP-infected shrimp in the same pond show grossly normal midguts (NG) and produce no white feces. We hypothesized that comparison of the microbial flora between WG and NG shrimp would reveal probable combinations of microbes significantly associated with EHP-WFS. To test this, we selected a Penaeus vannamei cultivation pond exhibiting severe WFS and used microscopic and microbial profiling analyses to compare WG and NG samples. Histologically, EHP was confirmed in the HP and midgut of both WG and NG shrimp, but EHP burdens were higher and EHP tissue damage was more severe in WG shrimp. Further, intestinal microbiomes in WG shrimp were less diverse and had higher abundance of bacteria from the genera Vibrio and Propionigenium. Propionigenium burden in the HP of WG shrimp (9364 copies/100ng DNA) was significantly higher (P = 1.1 x 10-5) than in NG shrimp (12 copies/100ng DNA). These findings supported our hypothesis by revealing two candidate bacterial genera that should be tested in combination with EHP as potential component causes of EHP-WFS in P. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400.
| | - Wiraya Eamsaard
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Kanokwan Lertsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
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9
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Warren DA, Burgess AL, Karemera F, Bacela-Spychalska K, Stentiford GD, Bojko J. Histopathological survey for parasite groups in Gammarus varsoviensis (Amphipoda). Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 149:47-51. [PMID: 35510820 DOI: 10.3354/dao03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive non-native amphipods (Crustacea) are becoming a model system in which to explore the impact and diversity of invasive parasites-parasites that are carried along an invasion route with their hosts. Gammarus varsoviensis is a freshwater amphipod species that has a recently explored invasion history. We provide a histopathological survey for a putatively invasive non-native population of this amphipod, identifying 8 symbiotic groups: Acanthocephala, Rotifera, Digenea, ciliated protozoa, Haplosporidia, Microsporidia, 'Candidatus Aquirickettsiella', and a putative nudivirus, at various prevalence. Our survey indicates that the parasites have no sex bias and that each has the potential to be carried in either sex along an invasion route. We discuss the pathology and prevalence of the above symbiotic groups and whether those that are parasitic may pose a risk if G. varsoviensis were to carry them to novel locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Warren
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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10
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Collins E, Ward GM, Bateman KS, Cheslett DL, Hooper C, Feist SW, Ironside JE, Morrissey T, O'Toole C, Tully O, Ross SH, Stentiford GD, Swords F, Urrutia A, Bass D. High prevalence of Paramarteilia canceri infecting velvet swimming crabs Necora puber in Ireland. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 148:167-181. [PMID: 35445664 DOI: 10.3354/dao03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The velvet swimming crab Necora puber has been fished in Ireland since the early 1980s and contributes significant income to smaller fishing vessels. From 2016 onwards, reduced landings have been reported. We undertook a full pathological investigation of crabs from fishing grounds at 3 sites on the west (Galway), southwest (Castletownbere) and east (Howth) coasts of Ireland. Histopathology, transmission electron microscopy and molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed high prevalence and infection level of Paramarteilia canceri, previously only reported from the edible crab Cancer pagurus. This study provides the first molecular data for P. canceri, and shows its phylogenetic position in the order Paramyxida (Rhizaria). Other parasites and symbionts detected in the crabs were also noted, including widespread but low co-infection with Hematodinium sp. and a microsporidian consistent with the Ameson and Nadelspora genera. This is the first histological record of Hematodinium sp. in velvet crabs from Ireland. Four N. puber individuals across 2 sites were co-infected by P. canceri and Hematodinium sp. At one site, 3 velvet crabs infected with P. canceri were co-infected with the first microsporidian recorded from this host; the microsporidian 18S sequence was almost identical to Ameson pulvis, known to infect European shore crabs Carcinus maenas. The study provides a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this and all other available Ameson and Nadelspora 18S sequences. Together, these findings provide a baseline for further investigations of N. puber populations along the coast of Ireland.
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11
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Stentiford GD, Peeler EJ, Tyler CR, Bickley LK, Holt CC, Bass D, Turner AD, Baker-Austin C, Ellis T, Lowther JA, Posen PE, Bateman KS, Verner-Jeffreys DW, van Aerle R, Stone DM, Paley R, Trent A, Katsiadaki I, Higman WA, Maskrey BH, Devlin MJ, Lyons BP, Hartnell DM, Younger AD, Bersuder P, Warford L, Losada S, Clarke K, Hynes C, Dewar A, Greenhill B, Huk M, Franks J, Dal-Molin F, Hartnell RE. A seafood risk tool for assessing and mitigating chemical and pathogen hazards in the aquaculture supply chain. Nat Food 2022; 3:169-178. [PMID: 37117966 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intricate links between aquatic animals and their environment expose them to chemical and pathogenic hazards, which can disrupt seafood supply. Here we outline a risk schema for assessing potential impacts of chemical and microbial hazards on discrete subsectors of aquaculture-and control measures that may protect supply. As national governments develop strategies to achieve volumetric expansion in seafood production from aquaculture to meet increasing demand, we propose an urgent need for simultaneous focus on controlling those hazards that limit its production, harvesting, processing, trade and safe consumption. Policies aligning national and international water quality control measures for minimizing interaction with, and impact of, hazards on seafood supply will be critical as consumers increasingly rely on the aquaculture sector to supply safe, nutritious and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - E J Peeler
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C R Tyler
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - L K Bickley
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - C C Holt
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Bass
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A D Turner
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - C Baker-Austin
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - T Ellis
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - J A Lowther
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - P E Posen
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - K S Bateman
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D W Verner-Jeffreys
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R van Aerle
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D M Stone
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - R Paley
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - A Trent
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - I Katsiadaki
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - W A Higman
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - B H Maskrey
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - M J Devlin
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - D M Hartnell
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - A D Younger
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - L Warford
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - S Losada
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - K Clarke
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - C Hynes
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - A Dewar
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - B Greenhill
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - M Huk
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - J Franks
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - F Dal-Molin
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - R E Hartnell
- Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Around 57.1% of microsporidia occupy aquatic environments, excluding a further 25.7% that utilise both terrestrial and aquatic systems. The aquatic microsporidia therefore compose the most diverse elements of the Microsporidia phylum, boasting unique structural features, variable transmission pathways, and significant ecological influence. From deep oceans to tropical rivers, these parasites are present in most aquatic environments and have been shown to infect hosts from across the Protozoa and Animalia. The consequences of infection range from mortality to intricate behavioural change, and their presence in aquatic communities often alters the overall functioning of the ecosystem.In this chapter, we explore aquatic microsporidian diversity from the perspective of aquatic animal health. Examples of microsporidian parasitism of importance to an aquacultural ('One Health') context and ecosystem context are focussed upon. These include infection of commercially important penaeid shrimp by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and interesting hyperparasitic microsporidians of wild host groups.Out of ~1500 suggested microsporidian species, 202 have been adequately taxonomically described using a combination of ultrastructural and genetic techniques from aquatic and semi-aquatic hosts. These species are our primary focus, and we suggest that the remaining diversity have additional genetic or morphological data collected to formalise their underlying systematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK.
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
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13
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Millard RS, Bickley LK, Bateman KS, Farbos A, Minardi D, Moore K, Ross SH, Stentiford GD, Tyler CR, van Aerle R, Santos EM. Global mRNA and miRNA Analysis Reveal Key Processes in the Initial Response to Infection with WSSV in the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061140. [PMID: 34199268 PMCID: PMC8231841 DOI: 10.3390/v13061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White Spot Disease (WSD) presents a major barrier to penaeid shrimp production. Mechanisms underlying White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) susceptibility in penaeids are poorly understood due to limited information related to early infection. We investigated mRNA and miRNA transcription in Penaeus vannamei over 36 h following infection. Over this time course, 6192 transcripts and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed—with limited differential expression from 3–12 h post injection (hpi) and a more significant transcriptional response associated with the onset of disease symptoms (24 hpi). During early infection, regulated processes included cytoskeletal remodelling and alterations in phagocytic activity that may assist WSSV entry and translocation, novel miRNA-induced metabolic shifts, and the downregulation of ATP-dependent proton transporter subunits that may impair cellular recycling. During later infection, uncoupling of the electron transport chain may drive cellular dysfunction and lead to high mortalities in infected penaeids. We propose that post-transcriptional silencing of the immune priming gene Dscam (downregulated following infections) by a novel shrimp miRNA (Pva-pmiR-78; upregulated) as a potential mechanism preventing future recognition of WSSV that may be suppressed in surviving shrimp. Our findings improve our understanding of WSD pathogenesis in P. vannamei and provide potential avenues for future development of prophylactics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Millard
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.M.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724607 (E.M.S.)
| | - Lisa K. Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Kelly S. Bateman
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (A.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Diana Minardi
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Karen Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (A.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Stuart H. Ross
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (L.K.B.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (K.S.B.); (S.H.R.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.M.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724607 (E.M.S.)
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14
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Hooper C, Debnath PP, Biswas S, van Aerle R, Bateman KS, Basak SK, Rahman MM, Mohan CV, Islam HMR, Ross S, Stentiford GD, Currie D, Bass D. A Novel RNA Virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Golda Virus (MrGV), Linked to Mass Mortalities of the Larval Giant Freshwater Prawn in Bangladesh. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101120. [PMID: 33023199 PMCID: PMC7601004 DOI: 10.3390/v12101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass mortalities of the larval stage of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have been occurring in Bangladesh since 2011. Mortalities can reach 100% and have resulted in an 80% decline in the number of hatcheries actively producing M. rosenbergii. To investigate a causative agent for the mortalities, a disease challenge was carried out using infected material from a hatchery experiencing mortalities. Moribund larvae from the challenge were prepared for metatranscriptomic sequencing. De novo virus assembly revealed a 29 kb single‑stranded positive-sense RNA virus with similarities in key protein motif sequences to yellow head virus (YHV), an RNA virus that causes mass mortalities in marine shrimp aquaculture, and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. Primers were designed against the novel virus and used to screen cDNA from larvae sampled from hatcheries in the South of Bangladesh from two consecutive years. Larvae from all hatcheries screened from both years were positive by PCR for the novel virus, including larvae from a hatchery that at the point of sampling appeared healthy, but later experienced mortalities. These screens suggest that the virus is widespread in M. rosenbergii hatchery culture in southern Bangladesh, and that early detection of the virus can be achieved by PCR. The hypothesised protein motifs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii golda virus (MrGV) suggest that it is likely to be a new species within the Nidovirales order. Biosecurity measures should be taken in order to mitigate global spread through the movement of post-larvae within and between countries, which has previously been linked to other virus outbreaks in crustacean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Hooper
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (P.P.D.)
| | - Partho P. Debnath
- WorldFish Bangladesh, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (S.K.B.); (M.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (P.P.D.)
| | - Sukumar Biswas
- Winrock Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | - Kelly S. Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | | | | | | | - H. M. Rakibul Islam
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh;
| | - Stuart Ross
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | - David Currie
- Winrock Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (S.B.); (D.C.)
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (K.S.B.); (S.R.); (G.D.S.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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15
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Bignell JP, Barber J, Bateman KS, Etherton M, Feist SW, Galloway TS, Katsiadaki I, Sebire M, Scott AP, Stentiford GD, Bean TP. Insights into the development of hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions in European flounder (Platichthys flesus) from UK estuaries. Chemosphere 2020; 256:126946. [PMID: 32445993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions (HFI) are an unusual pathology of unknown aetiology affecting European flounder (Platichthys flesus), particularly from estuaries historically impacted by pollution. This study demonstrated that the HFI prevalence range was 6-77% at several UK estuaries, with Spearman rank correlation analysis showing a correlation between HFI prevalence and sediment concentrations of ∑PBDEs and ∑HBCDs. The data showed that males exhibit higher HFI prevalence than females, with severity being more pronounced in estuaries exhibiting higher prevalence. HFI were not age associated indicating a subacute condition. Electron microscopy confirmed that HFI were modified proliferating rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), whilst immunohistochemistry provided evidence of VTG production in HFI of male P. flesus. Despite positive labelling of aberrant VTG production, we could not provide additional evidence of xenoestrogen exposure. Gene transcripts (VTG/CHR) and plasma VTG concentrations (>1 μg ml-1), were only considered elevated in four male fish showing no correlation with HFI severity. Further analysis revealed that reproductively mature female P. flesus i.e. >3-year-old, did not exhibit HFI, whereas males of all ages were affected. This, combined with previous reports that estradiol (E2) can impair mixed function oxygenase activity, supports a hypothesis that harmful chemical metabolites (following phase 1 metabolism of their parent compounds) are potentially responsible for HFIs observed in male and ≤ 3-year-old female fish. Consequently, HFI and xenoestrogenic induced VTG production could be independent of each other resulting from different concurrent toxicopathic mechanisms, although laboratory exposures will likely be the only way to determine the true aetiology of HFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bignell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jon Barber
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Etherton
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Sebire
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Tim P Bean
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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16
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Allain TW, Stentiford GD, Bass D, Behringer DC, Bojko J. A novel nudivirus infecting the invasive demon shrimp Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14816. [PMID: 32908207 PMCID: PMC7481228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nudiviridae are a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infects the cells of the gut in invertebrates, including insects and crustaceans. The phylogenetic range of the family has recently been enhanced via the description of viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, crangonid shrimp, homarid lobsters and portunid crabs. Here we extend this by presenting the genome of another nudivirus infecting the amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes. The virus, which infects cells of the host hepatopancreas, has a circular genome of 119,754 bp in length, and encodes a predicted 106 open reading frames. This novel virus encodes all the conserved nudiviral genes (sharing 57 gene homologues with other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses) but appears to lack the p6.9 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus branches before the other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses and shares low levels of gene/protein similarity to the Gammanudivirus genus. Comparison of gene synteny from known crustacean-infecting nudiviruses reveals conservation between Homarus gammarus nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nudivirus; however, three genomic rearrangements in this novel amphipod virus appear to break the gene synteny between this and the ones infecting lobsters and penaeid shrimp. We explore the evolutionary history and systematics of this novel virus, suggesting that it be included in the novel Epsilonnudivirus genus (Nudiviridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Allain
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
- National Horizons Centre of Excellence in Bioscience Industry, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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17
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Chaijarasphong T, Munkongwongsiri N, Stentiford GD, Aldama-Cano DJ, Thansa K, Flegel TW, Sritunyalucksana K, Itsathitphaisarn O. The shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP): Biology, pathology, diagnostics and control. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107458. [PMID: 32882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disease is a major limiting factor in the global production of cultivated shrimp. The microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was formally characterized in 2009 as a rare infection of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It remained relatively unstudied until mid-2010, after which infection with EHP became increasingly common in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, by then the most common shrimp species farmed in Asia. EHP infects the hepatopancreas of its host, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM), a condition that has been associated with slow growth of the host in aquaculture settings. Unlike other infectious disease agents that have caused economic losses in global shrimp aquaculture, EHP has proven more challenging because too little is still known about its environmental reservoirs and modes of transmission during the industrial shrimp production process. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the EHP life cycle and the molecular strategies that it employs as an obligate intracellular parasite. It also provides an analysis of available and new methodologies for diagnosis since most of the current literature on EHP focuses on that topic. We summarize current knowledge of EHP infection and transmission dynamics and currently recommended, practical control measures that are being applied to limit its negative impact on shrimp cultivation. We also point out the major gaps in knowledge that urgently need to be bridged in order to improve control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Chaijarasphong
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Diva J Aldama-Cano
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanta Thansa
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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18
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Holt CC, Bass D, Stentiford GD, van der Giezen M. Understanding the role of the shrimp gut microbiome in health and disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107387. [PMID: 32330478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid increases in the global shrimp aquaculture sector, a focus on animal health during production becomes ever more important. Animal productivity is intimately linked to health, and the gut microbiome is becoming increasingly recognised as an important driver of cultivation success. The microbes that colonise the gut, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota or the gut microbiome, interact with their host and contribute to a number of key host processes, including digestion and immunity. Gut microbiome manipulation therefore represents an attractive proposition for aquaculture and has been suggested as a possible alternative to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the management of disease, which is a major limitation of growth in this sector. Microbiota supplementation has also demonstrated positive effects on growth and survival of several different commercial species, including shrimp. Development of appropriate gut supplements, however, requires prior knowledge of the host microbiome. Little is known about the gut microbiota of the aquatic invertebrates, but penaeid shrimp are perhaps more studied than most. Here, we review current knowledge of information reported on the shrimp gut microbiota, highlighting the most frequently observed taxa and emphasizing the dominance of Proteobacteria within this community. We discuss involvement of the microbiome in the regulation of shrimp health and disease and describe how the gut microbiota changes with the introduction of several economically important shrimp pathogens. Finally, we explore evidence of microbiome supplementation and consider its role in the future of penaeid shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
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19
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Chaput DL, Bass D, Alam MM, Al Hasan N, Stentiford GD, van Aerle R, Moore K, Bignell JP, Haque MM, Tyler CR. The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030258. [PMID: 32120863 PMCID: PMC7150994 DOI: 10.3390/v12030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique L. Chaput
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence: (D.L.C.); (C.R.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724450 (C.R.T.)
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK; (D.B.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Md. Mehedi Alam
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.A.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Neaz Al Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.A.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK; (D.B.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK; (D.B.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Karen Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - John P. Bignell
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Mohammad Mahfujul Haque
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.A.); (N.A.H.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK; (D.B.); (G.D.S.); (R.v.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.C.); (C.R.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)-1392-724450 (C.R.T.)
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20
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Holt CC, van der Giezen M, Daniels CL, Stentiford GD, Bass D. Spatial and temporal axes impact ecology of the gut microbiome in juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus). ISME J 2020; 14:531-543. [PMID: 31676854 PMCID: PMC6976562 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities within the gut can markedly impact host health and fitness. To what extent environmental influences affect the differential distribution of these microbial populations may therefore significantly impact the successful farming of the host. Using a sea-based container culture (SBCC) system for the on-growing of European lobster (Homarus gammarus), we tracked the bacterial gut microbiota over a 1-year period. We compared these communities with lobsters of the same cohort, retained in a land-based culture (LBC) system to assess the effects of the culture environment on gut bacterial assemblage and describe the phylogenetic structure of the microbiota to compare deterministic and stochastic assembly across both environments. Bacterial gut communities from SBCCs were generally more phylogenetically clustered, and therefore deterministically assembled, compared to those reared in land-based systems. Lobsters in SBCCs displayed significantly more species-rich and species-diverse gut microbiota compared to those retained in LBC. A reduction in the bacterial diversity of the gut was also associated with higher infection prevalence of the enteric viral pathogen Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). SBCCs may therefore benefit the overall health of the host by promoting the assembly of a more diverse gut bacterial community and reducing the susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
- The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow, UK.
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London, UK.
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21
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Small HJ, Stentiford GD, Behringer DC, Freeman MA, Atherley NAM, Reece KS, Bateman KS, Shields JD. Characterization of microsporidian Ameson herrnkindi sp. nov. infecting Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 136:209-218. [PMID: 32129173 DOI: 10.3354/dao03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus supports a large and valuable fishery in the Caribbean Sea. In 2007-2008, a rare microsporidian parasite with spore characteristics typical of the Ameson genus was detected in 2 spiny lobsters from southeast Florida (FL). However, the parasite species was not confirmed by molecular analyses. To address this deficiency, reported here are structural and molecular data on single lobsters displaying comparable 'cotton-like' abdominal muscle containing ovoid microsporidian spores found at different locations in FL in 2014 and 2018 and in Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands in 2017. In the lobster from 2014, multiple life stages consistent with an Ameson-like monokaryotic microsporidian were detected by transmission electron microscopy. A partial (1228 bp) small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence showed each microsporidia to be identical and positioned it closest phylogenetically to Ameson pulvis in a highly supported clade also containing A. michaelis, A. metacarcini, A. portunus, and Nadelspora canceri. Using ecological, pathological, ultrastructural, and molecular data, the P. argus microsporidian has been assigned to a distinct species: Ameson herrnkindi.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Small
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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22
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Bojko J, Stentiford GD, Stebbing PD, Hassall C, Deacon A, Cargill B, Pile B, Dunn AM. Pathogens of Dikerogammarus haemobaphes regulate host activity and survival, but also threaten native amphipod populations in the UK. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 136:63-78. [PMID: 31575835 DOI: 10.3354/dao03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dikerogammarus haemobaphes is a non-native amphipod in UK freshwaters. Studies have identified this species as a low-impact invader in the UK, relative to its cousin Dikerogammarus villosus. It has been suggested that regulation by symbionts (such as Microsporidia) could explain this difference in impact. The effect of parasitism on D. haemobaphes is largely unknown. This was explored herein using 2 behavioural assays measuring activity and aggregation. First, D. haemobaphes were screened histologically post-assay, identifying 2 novel viruses (D. haemobaphes bi-facies-like virus [DhbflV], D. haemobaphes bacilliform virus [DhBV]), Cucumispora ornata (Microsporidia), Apicomplexa, and Digenea, which could alter host behaviour. DhBV infection burden increased host activity, and C. ornata infection reduced host activity. Second, native invertebrates were collected from the invasion site at Carlton Brook, UK, and tested for the presence of C. ornata. PCR screening identified that Gammarus pulex and other native invertebrates were positive for C. ornata. The host range of this parasite, and its impact on host survival, was additionally explored using D. haemobaphes, D. villosus, and G. pulex in a laboratory trial. D. haemobaphes and G. pulex became infected by C. ornata, which also lowered survival rate. D. villosus did not become infected. A PCR protocol for DhbflV was also applied to D. haemobaphes after the survival trial, associating this virus with decreased host survival. In conclusion, D. haemobaphes has a complex relationship with parasites in the UK environment. C. ornata likely regulates populations by decreasing host survival and activity, but despite this benefit, the parasite threatens susceptible native wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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23
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Bass D, Stentiford GD, Wang HC, Koskella B, Tyler CR. The Pathobiome in Animal and Plant Diseases. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:996-1008. [PMID: 31522755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the diversity and ubiquity of microbes (eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses) associated with larger 'host' organisms has led to the realisation that many diseases thought to be caused by one primary agent are the result of interactions between multiple taxa and the host. Even where a primary agent can be identified, its effect is often moderated by other symbionts. Therefore, the one pathogen-one disease paradigm is shifting towards the pathobiome concept, integrating the interaction of multiple symbionts, host, and environment in a new understanding of disease aetiology. Taxonomically, pathobiomes are variable across host species, ecology, tissue type, and time. Therefore, a more functionally driven understanding of pathobiotic systems is necessary, based on gene expression, metabolic interactions, and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4HB, UK
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24
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Bojko J, Subramaniam K, Waltzek TB, Stentiford GD, Behringer DC. Genomic and developmental characterisation of a novel bunyavirus infecting the crustacean Carcinus maenas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12957. [PMID: 31506463 PMCID: PMC6736955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinus maenas is in the top 100 globally invasive species and harbours a wide diversity of pathogens, including viruses. We provide a detailed description for a novel bunyavirus (Carcinus maenas Portunibunyavirus 1) infecting C. maenas from its native range in the Faroe Islands. The virus genome is tripartite, including large (L) (6766 bp), medium (M) (3244 bp) and small (S) (1608 bp) negative sense, single-stranded RNA segments. Individual genomic segments are flanked by 4 bp regions of similarity (CCUG). The segments encode an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, glycoprotein, non-structural protein with a Zinc-Finger domain and a nucleoprotein. Most show highest identity to the 'Wenling Crustacean Virus 9' from an unidentified crustacean host. Phylogenomics of crustacean-infecting bunyaviruses place them across multiple bunyavirus families. We discuss the diversity of crustacean bunyaviruses and provide an overview of how these viruses may affect the health and survival of crustacean hosts, including those inhabiting niches outside of their native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Fisheries and Aquatic Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA. .,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.,Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA. .,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony A. P. Williams
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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26
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Liu XH, Stentiford GD, Voronin VN, Sato H, Li AH, Zhang JY. Pseudokabatana alburnus n. gen. n. sp., (Microsporidia) from the liver of topmouth culter Culter alburnus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from China. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1689-1699. [PMID: 30976967 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the type species of a novel genus of microsporidian parasite, Pseudokabatana alburnus n. gen. n. sp., infecting the liver of topmouth culter, Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855, from Lake Poyang off Xingzi county, Jiangxi Province, China. The parasite elicits formation of spherical xenomas of up to 1.2 mm in diameter containing all observed life stages from early merogonal plasmodia to mature spores contained within the cytoplasm of host hepatocytes. Merogonal plasmodia existed in direct contact with the host cytoplasm and contained up to 20 visible nuclei. Plasmotomy of the multinucleate plasmodium led to formation of uninucleate cells in which the nucleus underwent further division to form bi-nucleate presporonts, sporonts (defined by cells with a thickened endospore) and eventually sporoblasts (containing pre-cursors of the spore extrusion apparatus). Mature spores were pyriform and monokaryotic, measuring 2.3 ± 0.19 μm long and 1.3 ± 0.10 μm wide. Spores possessed a bipartite polaroplast and 5-6 coils of a polar filament, in a single rank. The obtained partial SSU rRNA gene sequence, 1383 bp in length, did not match any of microsporidia available in GenBank. SSU rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicated a new taxon branching with Kabatana rondoni, a parasite infecting the skeletal muscle of Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni from the Amazon River. Due to different host and tissue tropism, the novel taxon did not fit the diagnostic criteria for the genus Kabatana. Further, based on SSU rDNA-inferred phylogenetic analyses, different ultrastructural features of developmental stages, and ecological considerations, a new genus Pseudokabatana and type species Pseudokabatana alburnus n. sp. was erected for the parasite in topmouth culter.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - G D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - V N Voronin
- Berg State Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - A H Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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Bojko J, Dunn AM, Stebbing PD, van Aerle R, Bacela-Spychalska K, Bean TP, Urrutia A, Stentiford GD. ‘Candidatus Aquirickettsiella gammari’ (Gammaproteobacteria: Legionellales: Coxiellaceae): A bacterial pathogen of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 156:41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bojko J, Stebbing PD, Dunn AM, Bateman KS, Clark F, Kerr RC, Stewart-Clark S, Johannesen Á, Stentiford GD. Green crab Carcinus maenas symbiont profiles along a North Atlantic invasion route. Dis Aquat Organ 2018; 128:147-168. [PMID: 29733028 DOI: 10.3354/dao03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The green crab Carcinus maenas is an invader on the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA. In these locations, crab populations have facilitated the development of a legal fishery in which C. maenas is caught and sold, mainly for use as bait to capture economically important crustaceans such as American lobster Homarus americanus. The paucity of knowledge on the symbionts of invasive C. maenas in Canada and their potential for transfer to lobsters poses a potential risk of unintended transmission. We carried out a histological survey for symbionts of C. maenas from their native range in Northern Europe (in the UK and Faroe Islands), and invasive range in Atlantic Canada. In total, 19 separate symbiotic associations were identified from C. maenas collected from 27 sites. These included metazoan parasites (nematodes, Profilicollis botulus, Sacculina carcini, Microphallidae, ectoparasitic crustaceans), microbial eukaryotes (ciliates, Hematodinium sp., Haplosporidium littoralis, Ameson pulvis, Parahepatospora carcini, gregarines, amoebae), bacteria (Rickettsia-like organism, milky disease), and viral pathogens (parvo-like virus, herpes-like virus, iridovirus, Carcinus maenas bacilliform virus and a haemocyte-infecting rod-shaped virus). Hematodinium sp. were not observed in the Canadian population; however, parasites such as Trematoda and Acanthocephala were present in all countries despite their complex, multi-species lifecycles. Some pathogens may pose a risk of transmission to other decapods and native fauna via the use of this host in the bait industry, such as the discovery of a virus resembling the previously described white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), B-virus and 'rod-shaped virus' (RV-CM) and amoebae, which have previously been found to cause disease in aquaculture (e.g. Salmo salar) and fisheries species (e.g. H. americanus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Holt C, Foster R, Daniels CL, van der Giezen M, Feist SW, Stentiford GD, Bass D. Halioticida noduliformans infection in eggs of lobster (Homarus gammarus) reveals its generalist parasitic strategy in marine invertebrates. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:109-116. [PMID: 29555081 PMCID: PMC5992330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A parasite exhibiting Oomycete-like morphology and pathogenesis was isolated from discoloured eggs of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and later found in gill tissues of adults. Group-specific Oomycete primers were designed to amplify the 18S ribosomal small subunit (SSU), which initially identified the organism as the same as the 'Haliphthoros' sp. NJM 0034 strain (AB178865.1) previously isolated from abalone (imported from South Australia to Japan). However, in accordance with other published SSU-based phylogenies, the NJM 0034 isolate did not group with other known Haliphthoros species in our Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies. Instead, the strain formed an orphan lineage, diverging before the separation of the Saprolegniales and Pythiales. Based upon 28S large subunit (LSU) phylogeny, our own isolate and the previously unidentified 0034 strain are both identical to the abalone pathogen Halioticida noduliformans. The genus shares morphological similarities with Haliphthoros and Halocrusticida and forms a clade with these in LSU phylogenies. Here, we confirm the first recorded occurrence of H. noduliformans in European lobsters and associate its presence with pathology of the egg mass, likely leading to reduced fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Holt
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow PL28 9BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachel Foster
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Carly L Daniels
- The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow PL28 9BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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Bass D, Czech L, Williams BAP, Berney C, Dunthorn M, Mahé F, Torruella G, Stentiford GD, Williams TA. Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:773-782. [PMID: 29603494 PMCID: PMC6282948 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Some protists with microsporidian-like cell biological characters, including Mitosporidium, Paramicrosporidium, and Nucleophaga, have SSU rRNA gene sequences that are much less divergent than canonical Microsporidia. We analysed the phylogenetic placement and environmental diversity of microsporidian-like lineages that group near the base of the fungal radiation and show that they group in a clade with metchnikovellids and canonical microsporidians, to the exclusion of the clade including Rozella, in line with what is currently known of their morphology and cell biology. These results show that the phylogenetic scope of Microsporidia has been greatly underestimated. We propose that much of the lineage diversity previously thought to be cryptomycotan/rozellid is actually microsporidian, offering new insights into the evolution of the highly specialized parasitism of canonical Microsporidia. This insight has important implications for our understanding of opisthokont evolution and ecology, and is important for accurate interpretation of environmental diversity. Our analyses also demonstrate that many opisthosporidian (aphelid+rozellid+microsporidian) SSU V4 OTUs from Neotropical forest soils group with the short-branching Microsporidia, consistent with the abundance of their protist and arthropod hosts in soils. This novel diversity of Microsporidia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the evolutionary origins of a highly specialized clade of major animal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Lucas Czech
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, 69118, Germany
| | - Bryony A P Williams
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Cédric Berney
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 7144 (AD2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Guifré Torruella
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Lerebours A, Chapman E, Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Stentiford GD, Rotchell JM. Hepatocellular adenoma in a European flatfish (Limanda limanda): Genetic alterations in laser-capture micro-dissected tissue and global transcriptomic approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 119:120-127. [PMID: 28473212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver tumours in flatfish have been diagnosed using histopathology for decades to monitor the impacts of marine pollution. Here we describe the application of specific gene (retinoblastoma, Rb) profiling in laser capture micro-dissected samples, and a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) approach to isolate differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) samples from dab, Limanda limanda. The Rb profiles from apparently normal and HCA micro-dissected samples of fish from the North Sea showed no significant difference, and genotypic heterogeneity within defined histological phenotypes was observed. In the SSH, sequences associated with cell signalling, cell cycle, gene expression regulation, protein transport and protein degradation were isolated. These included up-regulation of arrestin domain containing 3 (arrdc3), Rac-1 and tribbles, and down-regulation of ankyrin repeat/sterile alpha-motif domain-containing protein 1B-like (ANKS1B-like), c-fos, CDKN1B and RhoA-like sequences, previously implicated in mammalian HCA. This study offers new candidates involved in fish liver tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Chapman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - John P Bignell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Bojko J, Bącela-Spychalska K, Stebbing PD, Dunn AM, Grabowski M, Rachalewski M, Stentiford GD. Parasites, pathogens and commensals in the "low-impact" non-native amphipod host Gammarus roeselii. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:193. [PMID: 28427445 PMCID: PMC5397875 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst vastly understudied, pathogens of non-native species (NNS) are increasingly recognised as important threats to native wildlife. This study builds upon recent recommendations for improved screening for pathogens in NNS by focusing on populations of Gammarus roeselii in Chojna, north-western Poland. At this location, and in other parts of continental Europe, G. roeselii is considered a well-established and relatively ‘low-impact’ invader, with little understanding about its underlying pathogen profile and even less on potential spill-over of these pathogens to native species. Results Using a combination of histological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic approaches, we define a pathogen profile for non-native populations of G. roeselii in Poland. This profile comprised acanthocephalans (Polymorphus minutus Goese, 1782 and Pomphorhynchus sp.), digenean trematodes, commensal rotifers, commensal and parasitic ciliated protists, gregarines, microsporidia, a putative rickettsia-like organism, filamentous bacteria and two viral pathogens, the majority of which are previously unknown to science. To demonstrate potential for such pathogenic risks to be characterised from a taxonomic perspective, one of the pathogens, a novel microsporidian, is described based upon its pathology, developmental cycle and SSU rRNA gene phylogeny. The novel microsporidian Cucumispora roeselii n. sp. displayed closest morphological and phylogenetic similarity to two previously described taxa, Cucumispora dikerogammari (Ovcharenko & Kurandina, 1987), and Cucumispora ornata Bojko, Dunn, Stebbing, Ross, Kerr & Stentiford, 2015. Conclusions In addition to our discovery extending the host range for the genus Cucumispora Ovcharenko, Bacela, Wilkinson, Ironside, Rigaud & Wattier, 2010 outside of the amphipod host genus Dikerogammarus Stebbing, we reveal significant potential for the co-transfer of (previously unknown) pathogens alongside this host when invading novel locations. This study highlights the importance of pre-invasion screening of low-impact NNS and, provides a means to document and potentially mitigate the additional risks posed by previously unknown pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Karolina Bącela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul D Stebbing
- Epidemiology and Risk Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alison M Dunn
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Rachalewski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK. .,European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
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33
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Wiredu Boakye D, Jaroenlak P, Prachumwat A, Williams TA, Bateman KS, Itsathitphaisarn O, Sritunyalucksana K, Paszkiewicz KH, Moore KA, Stentiford GD, Williams BAP. Decay of the glycolytic pathway and adaptation to intranuclear parasitism within Enterocytozoonidae microsporidia. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2077-2089. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Wiredu Boakye
- Biosciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; EX4 4QD UK
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- Shrimp-Virus Interaction Laboratory (ASVI); National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | | | - Kelly S. Bateman
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory; Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Shrimp-Virus Interaction Laboratory (ASVI); National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Konrad H. Paszkiewicz
- Biosciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; EX4 4QD UK
| | - Karen A. Moore
- Biosciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; EX4 4QD UK
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory; Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Bryony A. P. Williams
- Biosciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; EX4 4QD UK
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Lang T, Feist SW, Stentiford GD, Bignell JP, Vethaak AD, Wosniok W. Diseases of dab (Limanda limanda): Analysis and assessment of data on externally visible diseases, macroscopic liver neoplasms and liver histopathology in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and off Iceland. Mar Environ Res 2017; 124:61-69. [PMID: 26790353 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the ICON project (Integrated Assessment of Contaminant Impacts on the North Sea), common dab (Limanda limanda) from seven offshore sampling areas in the North Sea, Icelandic waters and the western Baltic Sea were examined in 2008 for the presence of externally visible diseases and parasites (EVD), macroscopic liver neoplasms (tumours) (MLN) and histopathological liver lesions (LH). Methodologies applied followed standardised ICES and BEQUALM protocols. The EDV results revealed pronounced spatial variation, with dab from the central and northern North Sea sampling areas showing the highest disease prevalence. MLN were recorded only in North Sea dab from the German Bight, Firth of Forth and Ekofisk at a low prevalence. LH results revealed a dominant prevalence of non-specific, mostly inflammatory, lesions and a low prevalence of early toxicopathic non-neoplastic lesions, tumour pre-stages (foci of cellular alteration) and liver tumours. For the analysis and assessment of spatial variation of EVD, a Fish Disease Index (FDI) was calculated for individual dab, summarising data on the presence/absence of EDV, their severity grades, effects on the host and compensating for effects of length, sex and season. FDI data confirmed that the health status of North Sea dab from the offshore areas Dogger Bank, Ekofisk and Firth of Forth was significantly worse than in dab from the German Bight, Icelandic areas and the western Baltic Sea. An assessment of the disease data following ICES/OSPAR criteria was accomplished by applying established numeric background (BAC) and ecological assessment criteria (EAC) for EDV, MLN and LH. The combined assessment of the three disease categories indicated that health effects classified as unacceptable were rare and mainly affected dab from the North Sea. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended to monitor wild fish diseases in the context of assessing the impact of hazardous substances and other stressors on the marine environment. The Fish Disease Index (FDI) is regarded as a strong tool for disease data analysis and assessment, suitable as ecosystem health indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, Cuxhaven 27472, Germany.
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - John P Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, Delft 2600 MH, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Linzer Str. 4, Bremen 28359, Germany
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35
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Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Stentiford GD, Bolam TPC, Rumney HS, Bersuder P, Barber JL, Askem CE, Nicolaus MEE, Maes T. Determining Good Environmental Status under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Case study for descriptor 8 (chemical contaminants). Mar Environ Res 2017; 124:118-129. [PMID: 26733271 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires individual member states to develop a robust set of tools for defining eleven qualitative descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES), such as demonstrating that "Concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects" (GES descriptor 8). Adopting the recommendations of the ICES/OSPAR Study Group for the Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and Biological Effects (SGIMC), we present a case study demonstrating how the proposed approach, using chemical contaminant (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) and biological effects (EROD, bile metabolites and pathology) data in different matrices (sediment and biota), could be used to contribute to the determination of GES in a region of the North Sea region off the east coast of the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - J P Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - G D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - T P C Bolam
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H S Rumney
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C E Askem
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - M E E Nicolaus
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - T Maes
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
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36
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Jaroenlak P, Sanguanrut P, Williams BAP, Stentiford GD, Flegel TW, Sritunyalucksana K, Itsathitphaisarn O. A Nested PCR Assay to Avoid False Positive Detection of the Microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Environmental Samples in Shrimp Farms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166320. [PMID: 27832178 PMCID: PMC5104377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an important disease of cultivated shrimp. Heavy infections may lead to retarded growth and unprofitable harvests. Existing PCR detection methods target the EHP small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene (SSU-PCR). However, we discovered that they can give false positive test results due to cross reactivity of the SSU-PCR primers with DNA from closely related microsporidia that infect other aquatic organisms. This is problematic for investigating and monitoring EHP infection pathways. To overcome this problem, a sensitive and specific nested PCR method was developed for detection of the spore wall protein (SWP) gene of EHP (SWP-PCR). The new SWP-PCR method did not produce false positive results from closely related microsporidia. The first PCR step of the SWP-PCR method was 100 times (104 plasmid copies per reaction vial) more sensitive than that of the existing SSU-PCR method (106 copies) but sensitivity was equal for both in the nested step (10 copies). Since the hepatopancreas of cultivated shrimp is not currently known to be infected with microsporidia other than EHP, the SSU-PCR methods are still valid for analyzing hepatopancreatic samples despite the lower sensitivity than the SWP-PCR method. However, due to its greater specificity and sensitivity, we recommend that the SWP-PCR method be used to screen for EHP in feces, feed and environmental samples for potential EHP carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Sanguanrut
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Shrimp Pathogen Interaction Laboratory (SPI), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bryony A. P. Williams
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy W. Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Shrimp Pathogen Interaction Laboratory (SPI), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Roy HE, Hesketh H, Purse BV, Eilenberg J, Santini A, Scalera R, Stentiford GD, Adriaens T, Bacela‐Spychalska K, Bass D, Beckmann KM, Bessell P, Bojko J, Booy O, Cardoso AC, Essl F, Groom Q, Harrower C, Kleespies R, Martinou AF, Oers MM, Peeler EJ, Pergl J, Rabitsch W, Roques A, Schaffner F, Schindler S, Schmidt BR, Schönrogge K, Smith J, Solarz W, Stewart A, Stroo A, Tricarico E, Turvey KM, Vannini A, Vilà M, Woodward S, Wynns AA, Dunn AM. Alien Pathogens on the Horizon: Opportunities for Predicting their Threat to Wildlife. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Helen Hesketh
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Bethan V. Purse
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Alberto Santini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection ‐ C.N.R Via Madonna del Piano, 10 I‐50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Riccardo Scalera
- IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group Via Valentino Mazzola 38 T2 B 10 I‐00142 Roma Italy
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- Centre for EnvironmentFisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Barrack Road Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Kliniekstraat 25 B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
| | | | - David Bass
- Centre for EnvironmentFisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Barrack Road Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
- Department of Life SciencesThe Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Katie M. Beckmann
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT) Slimbridge Gloucestershire GL2 7BT UK
| | - Paul Bessell
- The Roslin InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG Scotland UK
| | - Jamie Bojko
- Centre for EnvironmentFisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Barrack Road Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Olaf Booy
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK
- Centre for Wildlife Management, School of BiologyNewcastle University Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Ana Cristina Cardoso
- European Commission, DG Joint Research CentreDirectorate D‐ Sustainable Resources 21027 Italy
| | - Franz Essl
- Environment Agency AustriaDepartment of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Spittelauer Lände 5 1090 Vienna Austria
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape EcologyDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity Vienna Rennweg 14 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Quentin Groom
- Botanic Garden MeiseDomein van Bouchout B‐1860 Meise Belgium
| | - Colin Harrower
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Regina Kleespies
- Julius Kühn‐Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Biological Control Heinrichstrasse 243 Darmstadt D‐64287 Germany
| | | | - Monique M. Oers
- Laboratory of VirologyWageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Edmund J. Peeler
- Centre for EnvironmentFisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Barrack Road Weymouth Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of Sciences CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Environment Agency AustriaDepartment of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Spittelauer Lände 5 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Alain Roques
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA UR0633, Zoologie Forestière, 45075 Orléans France
| | | | - Stefan Schindler
- Environment Agency AustriaDepartment of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Spittelauer Lände 5 1090 Vienna Austria
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape EcologyDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity Vienna Rennweg 14 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Benedikt R. Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- KARCH Passage Maximilien‐de‐Meuron 6 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Karsten Schönrogge
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)Exotics and Risk Team Area 5A, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR UK
| | - Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of Sciences Al. Mickiewicza 33 31–120 Kraków Poland
| | - Alan Stewart
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Sussex Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG UK
| | - Arjan Stroo
- Centre for Monitoring of VectorsNetherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority P.O. Box 9102 6700 HC Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Elena Tricarico
- Università degli Studi di Firenze via Romana 17 I‐50125 Firenze Italy
| | - Katharine M.A. Turvey
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson LaneCrowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Andrea Vannini
- DIBAF‐University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC), AvdaAmérico Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Stephen Woodward
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU Scotland UK
| | - Anja Amtoft Wynns
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Alison M. Dunn
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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Stentiford GD, Becnel JJ, Weiss LM, Keeling PJ, Didier ES, Williams BAP, Bjornson S, Kent ML, Freeman MA, Brown MJF, Troemel ER, Roesel K, Sokolova Y, Snowden KF, Solter L. Microsporidia - Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:336-348. [PMID: 26796229 PMCID: PMC4818719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of food production has the potential to drive increased disease prevalence in food plants and animals. Microsporidia are diversely distributed, opportunistic, and density-dependent parasites infecting hosts from almost all known animal taxa. They are frequent in highly managed aquatic and terrestrial hosts, many of which are vulnerable to epizootics, and all of which are crucial for the stability of the animal-human food chain. Mass rearing and changes in global climate may exacerbate disease and more efficient transmission of parasites in stressed or immune-deficient hosts. Further, human microsporidiosis appears to be adventitious and primarily associated with an increasing community of immune-deficient individuals. Taken together, strong evidence exists for an increasing prevalence of microsporidiosis in animals and humans, and for sharing of pathogens across hosts and biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - -J J Becnel
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Center (ARS), Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 South West 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - L M Weiss
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 504, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - P J Keeling
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Botany Department, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center and Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - B-A P Williams
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - S Bjornson
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M-L Kent
- Departments of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M A Freeman
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - M J F Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - E-R Troemel
- University of California, San Diego, 4202 Bonner Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive #0349, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA
| | - K Roesel
- International Livestock Research Institute, c/o Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, Berlin, 14163 Germany
| | - Y Sokolova
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton RougeLA 70803, USA
| | - K F Snowden
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Mailstop 4467, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - L Solter
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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Verbruggen B, Bickley LK, van Aerle R, Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Santos EM, Tyler CR. Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments. Viruses 2016; 8:E23. [PMID: 26797629 PMCID: PMC4728583 DOI: 10.3390/v8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in the 1990s, White Spot Disease (WSD) has had major economic and societal impact in the crustacean aquaculture sector. Over the years shrimp farming alone has experienced billion dollar losses through WSD. The disease is caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a large dsDNA virus and the only member of the Nimaviridae family. Susceptibility to WSSV in a wide range of crustacean hosts makes it a major risk factor in the translocation of live animals and in commodity products. Currently there are no effective treatments for this disease. Understanding the molecular basis of disease processes has contributed significantly to the treatment of many human and animal pathogens, and with a similar aim considerable efforts have been directed towards understanding host-pathogen molecular interactions for WSD. Work on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in aquatic crustaceans has been restricted by a lack of sequenced and annotated genomes for host species. Nevertheless, some of the key host-pathogen interactions have been established: between viral envelope proteins and host cell receptors at initiation of infection, involvement of various immune system pathways in response to WSSV, and the roles of various host and virus miRNAs in mitigation or progression of disease. Despite these advances, many fundamental knowledge gaps remain; for example, the roles of the majority of WSSV proteins are still unknown. In this review we assess current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4, UK.
| | - Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4, UK.
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4, UK.
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4, UK.
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Devlin MJ, Massoud MS, Hamid SA, Al-Zaidan A, Al-Sarawi H, Al-Enezi M, Al-Ghofran L, Smith AJ, Barry J, Stentiford GD, Morris S, da Silva ET, Lyons BP. Changes in the water quality conditions of Kuwait's marine waters: Long term impacts of nutrient enrichment. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:607-620. [PMID: 26490407 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work analyses a 30 year water quality data set collated from chemical analyses of Kuwait's marine waters. Spatial patterns across six sites in Kuwait Bay and seven sites located in the Arabian Gulf are explored and discussed in terms of the changing influences associated with point and diffuse sources. Statistical modelling demonstrated significant increases for dissolved nutrients over the time period. Kuwait marine waters have been subject to inputs from urban development, untreated sewage discharges and decreasing river flow from the Shatt al-Arab River. Chlorophyll biomass showed a small but significant reduction; the high sewage content of the coastal waters from sewage discharges likely favouring the presence of smaller phytoplankton taxa. This detailed assessment of temporal data of the impacts of sewage inputs into Kuwait's coastal waters establishes an important baseline permitting future assessments to be made as sewage is upgraded, and the river continues to be extracted upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Devlin
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - S A Hamid
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Zaidan
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - H Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - L Al-Ghofran
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A J Smith
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - J Barry
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - G D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - S Morris
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - E T da Silva
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - B P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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Bass D, Stentiford GD, Littlewood D, Hartikainen H. Diverse Applications of Environmental DNA Methods in Parasitology. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:499-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Stentiford GD, Ross SH, Kerr R, Bass D, Bateman KS. Paradoxium irvingi n.gen. n.sp. (Microsporidia) infecting the musculature of European pink shrimp Pandalus montagui. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 130:1-8. [PMID: 26146229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper utilises histological, ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic data to describe a novel genus and species (Paradoxium irvingi n.gen., n.sp.) within clade 5 of the phylum Microsporidia. The parasite infects the musculature of the pink shrimp Pandalus montagui captured from United Kingdom waters. The novel microsporidium is morphologically and phylogenetically dissimilar to its nearest phylogenetic branch relative Thelohania butleri infecting the sister shrimp taxon Pandalus jordani. Furthermore, it is morphologically distinct from the type species of the genus Thelohania, Thelohania giardi infecting European brown shrimp Crangon crangon. Since phylogenetic data pertaining to type T. giardi is not currently available, our discovery places some doubt on the likelihood that T. butleri represents the proposed surrogate for the type taxon. Further it demonstrates potential for significant morphological plasticity in this clade of muscle-infecting microsporidians of crustaceans which contains the genera Myospora, Cucumispora, Thelohania, and now Paradoxium. Since it cannot be stated with certainty that T. butleri (or other taxa within the clade) represent true close relatives of T. giardi, clarity on this issue will only occur with re-discovery and genotyping of type T. giardi infecting C. crangon from European waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - S H Ross
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - R Kerr
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - D Bass
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - K S Bateman
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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Verbruggen B, Bickley LK, Santos EM, Tyler CR, Stentiford GD, Bateman KS, van Aerle R. De novo assembly of the Carcinus maenas transcriptome and characterization of innate immune system pathways. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:458. [PMID: 26076827 PMCID: PMC4469326 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, is used widely in biomonitoring, ecotoxicology and for studies into host-pathogen interactions. It is also an important invasive species in numerous global locations. However, the genomic resources for this organism are still sparse, limiting research progress in these fields. To address this resource shortfall we produced a C. maenas transcriptome, enabled by the progress in next-generation sequencing technologies, and applied this to assemble information on the innate immune system in this species. Results We isolated and pooled RNA for twelve different tissues and organs from C. maenas individuals and sequenced the RNA using next generation sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. After de novo assembly a transcriptome was generated encompassing 212,427 transcripts (153,699 loci). The transcripts were filtered, annotated and characterised using a variety of tools (including BLAST, MEGAN and RSEM) and databases (including NCBI, Gene Ontology and KEGG). There were differential patterns of expression for between 1,223 and 2,741 transcripts across tissues and organs with over-represented Gene Ontology terms relating to their specific function. Based on sequence homology to immune system components in other organisms, we show both the presence of transcripts for a series of known pathogen recognition receptors and response proteins that form part of the innate immune system, and transcripts representing the RNAi, Toll-like receptor signalling, IMD and JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions We have produced an assembled transcriptome for C. maenas that provides a significant molecular resource for wide ranging studies in this species. Analysis of the transcriptome has revealed the presence of a series of known targets and functional pathways that form part of their innate immune system and illustrate tissue specific differences in their expression patterns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1667-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Aquatic Health and Hygiene Division, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
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Feist SW, Stentiford GD, Kent ML, Ribeiro Santos A, Lorance P. Histopathological assessment of liver and gonad pathology in continental slope fish from the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar Environ Res 2015; 106:42-50. [PMID: 25756900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea environment is a sink for a wide variety of contaminants including heavy metals and organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. Life history traits of many deep-water fish species including longevity and high trophic position may predispose them to contaminant exposure and subsequent induction of pathological changes, including tumour formation. The lack of evidence for this hypothesis prompted this investigation in order to provide data on the presence of pathological changes in the liver and gonads of several deep-water fish species. Fish were obtained from the north east region of the Bay of Biscay (north east Atlantic Ocean) by trawling at depths between 700 and 1400 m. Liver and gonad samples were collected on board ship and fixed for histological processing and subsequent examination by light microscopy. Hepatocellular and nuclear pleomorphism and individual cases of ovotestis and foci of cellular alteration (FCA) were detected in black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo). Six cases of FCA were observed in orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) (n = 50) together with a single case of hepatocellular adenoma. A wide variety of inflammatory and degenerative lesions were found in all species examined. Deep-water fish display a range of pathologies similar to those seen in shelf-sea species used for international monitoring programmes including biological effects of contaminants. This study has confirmed the utility of health screening in deep-water fish for detecting evidence of prior exposure to contaminants and has also gained evidence of pathology potentially associated with exposure to algal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Feist
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - G D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - M L Kent
- Departments Microbiology & Biomedical Sciences, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A Ribeiro Santos
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Lorance
- IFREMER, rue de l'île d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Lerebours A, Stentiford GD, Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Derocles SAP, Rotchell JM. Genetic alterations and cancer formation in a European flatfish at sites of different contaminant burdens. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:10448-10455. [PMID: 25102285 DOI: 10.1021/es502591p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish diseases are an indicator for marine ecosystem health since they provide a biological end-point of historical exposure to stressors. Liver cancer has been used to monitor the effects of exposure to anthropogenic pollution in flatfish for many years. The prevalence of liver cancer can exceed 20%. Despite the high prevalence and the opportunity of using flatfish to study environmentally induced cancer, the genetic and environmental factors driving tumor prevalence across sites are poorly understood. This study aims to define the link between genetic deterioration, liver disease progression, and anthropogenic contaminant exposures in the flatfish dab (Limanda limanda). We assessed genetic changes in a conserved cancer gene, Retinoblastoma (Rb), in association with histological diagnosis of normal, pretumor, and tumor pathologies in the livers of 165 fish from six sites in the North Sea and English Channel. The highest concentrations of metals (especially cadmium) and organic chemicals correlated with the presence of tumor pathology and with defined genetic profiles of the Rb gene, from these sites. Different Rb genetic profiles were found in liver tissue near each tumor phenotype, giving insight into the mechanistic molecular-level cause of the liver pathologies. Different Rb profiles were also found at sampling sites of differing contaminant burdens. Additionally, profiles indicated that histological "normal" fish from Dogger sampling locations possessed Rb profiles associated with pretumor disease. This study highlights an association between Rb and specific contaminants (especially cadmium) in the molecular etiology of dab liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Small HJ, Meyer GR, Stentiford GD, Dunham JS, Bateman K, Shields JD. Ameson metacarcini sp. nov. (Microsporidia) infecting the muscles of Dungeness crabs Metacarcinus magister from British Columbia, Canada. Dis Aquat Organ 2014; 110:213-225. [PMID: 25114045 DOI: 10.3354/dao02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister supports a large and valuable fishery along the west coast of North America. Since 1998, Dungeness crabs exhibiting pink- to orange-colored joints and opaque white musculature have been sporadically observed in low prevalence from the Fraser River delta of British Columbia, Canada. We provide histological, ultrastructural, and molecular evidence that this condition is caused by a new microsporidian parasite. Crabs displaying gross symptoms were confirmed to have heavy infections of ovoid-shaped microsporidian spores (~1.8 × 1.4 µm in size) within muscle bundles of the skeletal musculature. The parasite apparently infected the outer periphery of each muscle bundle, and then proliferated into the muscle fibres near the centre of each infected bundle. Light infections were observed in heart tissues, and occasionally spores were observed within the fixed phagocytes lining the blood vessels of the hepatopancreas. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed multiple life stages of a monokaryotic microsporidian parasite within the sarcoplasm of muscle fibres. Molecular analysis of partial small subunit rRNA sequence data from the new species revealed an affinity to Ameson, a genus of Microsporidia infecting marine crustaceans. Based on morphological and molecular data, the new species is distinct from Nadelspora canceri, a related microsporidian that also infects the muscles of this host. At present, little is known about the distribution, seasonality, and transmission of A. metacarcini in M. magister.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish J Small
- Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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Stentiford GD, Massoud MS, Al-Mudhhi S, Al-Sarawi MA, Al-Enezi M, Lyons BP. Histopathological survey of potential biomarkers for the assessment of contaminant related biological effects in species of fish and shellfish collected from Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf. Mar Environ Res 2014; 98:60-67. [PMID: 24680107 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment in Kuwait is dominated by Kuwait Bay, a shallow, depositional habitat vital for the breeding and propagation of marine organisms. The bay receives effluent inputs from industrial centres, ports, sewage outflows along with discharges from power and desalination plants. The major classes of pollutant discharged into the bay include petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, nutrients, cooling water and hyper-saline water. Further, the bay has been historically impacted by a deliberate release of oil and contamination with ordnance and shipwrecks during the 1991 Gulf war. With an aim to establish an integrated pollution effects monitoring programme in Kuwait, this paper describes the application of a quality assured approach to conduct a histopathology baseline survey in oriental sole (Synaptura orientalis) and the large-toothed flounder (Pseudorhombus arsius), which are two potential sentinel flatfish species present in the Arabian Gulf. Liver and gonadal histopathology revealed a range of pathologies similar to those previously observed in European and American pollution effects surveys that utilise flatfish (including pathology markers indicative of possible carcinogenesis and endocrine disruption). Further, we extended these studies to invertebrates (Jinga prawn, Metapenaeus affinis and the grooved tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus) found within the Arabian Gulf. Such baseline data is essential before attempts are made to develop integrated monitoring programmes that aim to assess the health of fish and shellfish in relation to chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - S Al-Mudhhi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - M A Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Kuwait University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
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Anderson LG, White PCL, Stebbing PD, Stentiford GD, Dunn AM. Biosecurity and vector behaviour: evaluating the potential threat posed by anglers and canoeists as pathways for the spread of invasive non-native species and pathogens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92788. [PMID: 24717714 PMCID: PMC3981671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive non-native species (INNS) endanger native biodiversity and are a major economic problem. The management of pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment is a key target in the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi biodiversity targets for 2020. Freshwater environments are particularly susceptible to invasions as they are exposed to multiple introduction pathways, including non-native fish stocking and the release of boat ballast water. Since many freshwater INNS and aquatic pathogens can survive for several days in damp environments, there is potential for transport between water catchments on the equipment used by recreational anglers and canoeists. To quantify this biosecurity risk, we conducted an online questionnaire with 960 anglers and 599 canoeists to investigate their locations of activity, equipment used, and how frequently equipment was cleaned and/or dried after use. Anglers were also asked about their use and disposal of live bait. Our results indicate that 64% of anglers and 78.5% of canoeists use their equipment/boat in more than one catchment within a fortnight, the survival time of many of the INNS and pathogens considered in this study and that 12% of anglers and 50% of canoeists do so without either cleaning or drying their kit between uses. Furthermore, 8% of anglers and 28% of canoeists had used their equipment overseas without cleaning or drying it after each use which could facilitate both the introduction and secondary spread of INNS in the UK. Our results provide a baseline against which to evaluate the effectiveness of future biosecurity awareness campaigns, and identify groups to target with biosecurity awareness information. Our results also indicate that the biosecurity practices of these groups must improve to reduce the likelihood of inadvertently spreading INNS and pathogens through these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul D. Stebbing
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunn
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Bojko J, Stebbing PD, Bateman KS, Meatyard JE, Bacela-Spychalska K, Dunn AM, Stentiford GD. Baseline histopathological survey of a recently invading island population of 'killer shrimp', Dikerogammarus villosus. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 106:241-253. [PMID: 24192001 DOI: 10.3354/dao02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dikerogammarus villosus, an invasive amphipod, has recently been detected in UK freshwaters. To assess the potential for pathogen introduction with the invader, a year-long histopathology survey of the D. villosus population inhabiting the initial site of detection (Grafham Water, Cambridgeshire, UK) was conducted. Additional samples were collected from 2 other subsequently identified populations within the UK (Cardiff Bay and Norfolk Broads), and from established populations in France (River Rhine) and Poland (River Vistula). The data revealed a range of pathogens and commensals. Several pathogens occurring within continental populations were not present within the UK populations. Microsporidian parasites and a novel viral pathogen were amongst those not observed in the UK. The absence of these pathogens at UK sites may therefore impart significant survival advantages to D. villosus over native fauna, thereby increasing its success as an invader. The contrast in pathogen profile between UK and continental-invasive populations of D. villosus provides preliminary evidence for so-called 'enemy release' in UK populations of D. villosus and is suggestive of single-point introductions, rather than continual incursion events as previously observed throughout its continental invasive range. This baseline survey provides important data on the pathogen and commensal profile of a high-impact, invasive species early in its invasion history of the UK. It can be utilised to assess potential for temporal pathogen acquisition by non-native invasive aquatic species and to investigate competitive advantages placed upon this invader due to absence of important pathogens experienced within its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bojko
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
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Stentiford GD, Bateman KS, Stokes NA, Carnegie RB. Haplosporidium littoralis sp. nov.: a crustacean pathogen within the Haplosporida (Cercozoa, Ascetosporea). Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 105:243-252. [PMID: 23999708 DOI: 10.3354/dao02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we described the pathology and ultrastructure of an apparently asporous haplosporidian-like parasite infecting the common shore crab Carcinus maenas from the European shoreline. In the current study, extraction of genomic DNA from the haemolymph, gill or hepatopancreas of infected C. maenas was carried out and the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of the pathogen was amplified by PCR before cloning and sequencing. All 4 crabs yielded an identical 1736 bp parasite sequence. BLAST analysis against the NCBI GenBank database identified the sequence as most similar to the protistan pathogen group comprising the order Haplosporida within the class Ascetosporea of the phylum Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998. Parsimony analysis placed the crab pathogen within the genus Haplosporidium, sister to the molluscan parasites H. montforti, H. pickfordi and H. lusitanicum. The parasite infecting C. maenas is hereby named as Haplosporidium littoralis sp. nov. The presence of a haplosporidian parasite infecting decapod crustaceans from the European shoreline with close phylogenetic affinity to previously described haplosporidians infecting molluscs is intriguing. The study provides important phylogenetic data for this relatively understudied, but commercially significant, pathogen group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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