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Mencuccini M, Anderegg WRL, Binks O, Knipfer T, Konings AG, Novick K, Poyatos R, Martínez-Vilalta J. A new empirical framework to quantify the hydraulic effects of soil and atmospheric drivers on plant water status. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17222. [PMID: 38450813 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Metrics to quantify regulation of plant water status at the daily as opposed to the seasonal scale do not presently exist. This gap is significant since plants are hypothesised to regulate their water potential not only with respect to slowly changing soil drought but also with respect to faster changes in air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a variable whose importance for plant physiology is expected to grow because of higher temperatures in the coming decades. We present a metric, the stringency of water potential regulation, that can be employed at the daily scale and quantifies the effects exerted on plants by the separate and combined effect of soil and atmospheric drought. We test our theory using datasets from two experiments where air temperature and VPD were experimentally manipulated. In contrast to existing metrics based on soil drought that can only be applied at the seasonal scale, our metric successfully detects the impact of atmospheric warming on the regulation of plant water status. We show that the thermodynamic effect of VPD on plant water status can be isolated and compared against that exerted by soil drought and the covariation between VPD and soil drought. Furthermore, in three of three cases, VPD accounted for more than 5 MPa of potential effect on leaf water potential. We explore the significance of our findings in the context of potential future applications of this metric from plant to ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Knipfer
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kim Novick
- University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Fernández-de-Uña L, Martínez-Vilalta J, Poyatos R, Mencuccini M, McDowell NG. The role of height-driven constraints and compensations on tree vulnerability to drought. New Phytol 2023; 239:2083-2098. [PMID: 37485545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Frequent observations of higher mortality in larger trees than in smaller ones during droughts have sparked an increasing interest in size-dependent drought-induced mortality. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well understood, with height-associated hydraulic constraints often being implied as the potential mechanism driving increased drought vulnerability. We performed a quantitative synthesis on how key traits that drive plant water and carbon economy change with tree height within species and assessed the implications that the different constraints and compensations may have on the interacting mechanisms (hydraulic failure, carbon starvation and/or biotic-agent attacks) affecting tree vulnerability to drought. While xylem tension increases with tree height, taller trees present a range of structural and functional adjustments, including more efficient water use and transport and greater water uptake and storage capacity, that mitigate the path-length-associated drop in water potential. These adaptations allow taller trees to withstand episodic water stress. Conclusive evidence for height-dependent increased vulnerability to hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, and their coupling to defence mechanisms and pest and pathogen dynamics, is still lacking. Further research is needed, particularly at the intraspecific level, to ascertain the specific conditions and thresholds above which height hinders tree survival under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-de-Uña
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Poyatos R. Connecting the dots: concurrent assessment of water flows and pools to better understand plant responses to drought. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:1285-1289. [PMID: 37341378 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
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Peters RL, Steppe K, Pappas C, Zweifel R, Babst F, Dietrich L, von Arx G, Poyatos R, Fonti M, Fonti P, Grossiord C, Gharun M, Buchmann N, Steger DN, Kahmen A. Daytime stomatal regulation in mature temperate trees prioritizes stem rehydration at night. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37235688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trees remain sufficiently hydrated during drought by closing stomata and reducing canopy conductance (Gc ) in response to variations in atmospheric water demand and soil water availability. Thresholds that control the reduction of Gc are proposed to optimize hydraulic safety against carbon assimilation efficiency. However, the link between Gc and the ability of stem tissues to rehydrate at night remains unclear. We investigated whether species-specific Gc responses aim to prevent branch embolisms, or enable night-time stem rehydration, which is critical for turgor-dependent growth. For this, we used a unique combination of concurrent dendrometer, sap flow and leaf water potential measurements and collected branch-vulnerability curves of six common European tree species. Species-specific Gc reduction was weakly related to the water potentials at which 50% of branch xylem conductivity is lost (P50 ). Instead, we found a stronger relationship with stem rehydration. Species with a stronger Gc control were less effective at refilling stem-water storage as the soil dries, which appeared related to their xylem architecture. Our findings highlight the importance of stem rehydration for water-use regulation in mature trees, which likely relates to the maintenance of adequate stem turgor. We thus conclude that stem rehydration must complement the widely accepted safety-efficiency stomatal control paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Peters
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, East Lowell Street 1064, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, East Lowell Street 1215, Tucson, AZ, 857121, USA
| | - Lars Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg von Arx
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Fonti
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanna, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geosciences, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David N Steger
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Zweifel R, Pappas C, Peters RL, Babst F, Balanzategui D, Basler D, Bastos A, Beloiu M, Buchmann N, Bose AK, Braun S, Damm A, D'Odorico P, Eitel JUH, Etzold S, Fonti P, Rouholahnejad Freund E, Gessler A, Haeni M, Hoch G, Kahmen A, Körner C, Krejza J, Krumm F, Leuchner M, Leuschner C, Lukovic M, Martínez-Vilalta J, Matula R, Meesenburg H, Meir P, Plichta R, Poyatos R, Rohner B, Ruehr N, Salomón RL, Scharnweber T, Schaub M, Steger DN, Steppe K, Still C, Stojanović M, Trotsiuk V, Vitasse Y, von Arx G, Wilmking M, Zahnd C, Sterck F. Networking the forest infrastructure towards near real-time monitoring - A white paper. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162167. [PMID: 36775147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forests account for nearly 90 % of the world's terrestrial biomass in the form of carbon and they support 80 % of the global biodiversity. To understand the underlying forest dynamics, we need a long-term but also relatively high-frequency, networked monitoring system, as traditionally used in meteorology or hydrology. While there are numerous existing forest monitoring sites, particularly in temperate regions, the resulting data streams are rarely connected and do not provide information promptly, which hampers real-time assessments of forest responses to extreme climate events. The technology to build a better global forest monitoring network now exists. This white paper addresses the key structural components needed to achieve a novel meta-network. We propose to complement - rather than replace or unify - the existing heterogeneous infrastructure with standardized, quality-assured linking methods and interacting data processing centers to create an integrated forest monitoring network. These automated (research topic-dependent) linking methods in atmosphere, biosphere, and pedosphere play a key role in scaling site-specific results and processing them in a timely manner. To ensure broad participation from existing monitoring sites and to establish new sites, these linking methods must be as informative, reliable, affordable, and maintainable as possible, and should be supplemented by near real-time remote sensing data. The proposed novel meta-network will enable the detection of emergent patterns that would not be visible from isolated analyses of individual sites. In addition, the near real-time availability of data will facilitate predictions of current forest conditions (nowcasts), which are urgently needed for research and decision making in the face of rapid climate change. We call for international and interdisciplinary efforts in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece.
| | - Richard L Peters
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Daniel Balanzategui
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Wissenschaftpark "Albert Einstein", Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany; Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Ch 16, 12489 Berlin, DE, USA.
| | - David Basler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Bastos
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Dept. of Biogeochemical Integration, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstr. 2, LFW C56, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabine Braun
- Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Benkenstrasse 254A, 4108 Witterswil, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Damm
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Petra D'Odorico
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Jan U H Eitel
- Department of Natural Resource and Society, University of Idaho, 1800 University Lane, 83638 McCall, ID, USA.
| | - Sophia Etzold
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | | | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Haeni
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Frank Krumm
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Leuchner
- Department of Physical Geography and Climatology, Institute of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Lukovic
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain.
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Henning Meesenburg
- Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstr. 2, D-37079 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH93FF, UK.
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain.
| | - Brigitte Rohner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany.
| | - Roberto L Salomón
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, University Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - David N Steger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Christopher Still
- Forest Ecosystems and Society Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Wilmking
- DendroGreif, University Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Cedric Zahnd
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Bachofen C, Poyatos R, Flo V, Martínez‐Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Granda V, Grossiord C. Stand structure of Central European forests matters more than climate for transpiration sensitivity to
VPD. J Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
| | - Víctor Flo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus Ascot UK
| | - Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona Spain
| | - Víctor Granda
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193 Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Lausanne Switzerland
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Bright RM, Miralles DG, Poyatos R, Eisner S. Simple Models Outperform More Complex Big-Leaf Models of Daily Transpiration in Forested Biomes. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2022GL100100. [PMID: 36583013 PMCID: PMC9786846 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transpiration makes up the bulk of total evaporation in forested environments yet remains challenging to predict at landscape-to-global scales. We harnessed independent estimates of daily transpiration derived from co-located sap flow and eddy-covariance measurement systems and applied the triple collocation technique to evaluate predictions from big leaf models requiring no calibration. In total, four models in 608 unique configurations were evaluated at 21 forested sites spanning a wide diversity of biophysical attributes and environmental backgrounds. We found that simpler models that neither explicitly represented aerodynamic forcing nor canopy conductance achieved higher accuracy and signal-to-noise levels when optimally configured (rRMSE = 20%; R 2 = 0.89). Irrespective of model type, optimal configurations were those making use of key plant functional type dependent parameters, daily LAI, and constraints based on atmospheric moisture demand over soil moisture supply. Our findings have implications for more informed water resource management based on hydrological modeling and remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Bright
- Department of Forests and ClimateDivision of Forestry and Forest ResourcesNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)ÅsNorway
| | - Diego G. Miralles
- Hydro‐Climate Extremes Lab (H‐CEL)Department of the EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - Stephanie Eisner
- Department of Forests and ClimateDivision of Forestry and Forest ResourcesNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)ÅsNorway
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova‐Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández‐Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes‐Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz‐Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana‐Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz‐Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers‐Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo‐Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra‐Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith‐Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat J, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu T, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives‐Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, Lenoir J. Global maps of soil temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3110-3144. [PMID: 34967074 PMCID: PMC9303923 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - David H. Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Peter Aartsma
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBøNorway
| | - Otar Abdalaze
- Alpine Ecosystems Research ProgramInstitute of EcologyIlia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | | | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Christof Ammann
- Department of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscope Research InstituteZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | | | - Jakob Johann Assmann
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant EcologyDepartment of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchFRAM ‐ High North Research Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Katrin Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A45PotsdamGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bárbara N. S. Brum
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pauline Buysse
- UMR ECOSYS INRAEUinversité Paris SaclayAgroParisTechFrance
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectBDFFPInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Otávio C. Campoe
- Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Angélica Casanova‐Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoLaboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoDepartamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud PúblicaUniversidad Católica de TemucoCampus Luis Rivas del Canto and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA)Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Bogdan Chojnicki
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLTSER Zone Atelier AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureSchool of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edgar F. Cifuentes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNERC, High CrossCambridgeUK
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change UnitEnvironmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleyItaly
| | - Salvatore R. Curasi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | | | - C. Johan Dahlberg
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- The County Administrative Board of Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR)ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesWädenswilSwitzerland
- Plant EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed BankMajella National ParkColle MadonnaLama dei PeligniItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de InsectosIFAB (INTA ‐ CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Eklundh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkAustralia
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Iris Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute for Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esther R. Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- School of Education and Social SciencesAdventist University of ChileChile
| | - Rafael A. García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | | | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Khatuna Gigauri
- Department of Environmental Management and PolicyGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceFaculty of BioScience EngineeringKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical SignalsMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem HealthBiomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- The Heathland CentreAlverNorway
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Daniel Hepenstrick
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesGrüentalSwitzerland
| | - Maximiliane Herberich
- Institute for BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Herbst
- Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF)German Meteorological Service (DWD)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Raúl Hoffrén
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementHAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRøndeDenmark
| | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | - Marcin Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Jastrzębowski
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental ResearchBayreuthGermany
| | - Juan J. Jiménez
- ARAID/IPE‐CSICPyrenean Institute of EcologyAvda. Llano de la VictoriaSpain
| | | | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingScotland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Vít Kašpar
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anzar A. Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | | | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátótHungary
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone I. Lang
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Centre for Polar EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Bengt Liljebladh
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteClimate System ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of BotanyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Joshua Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Enzo Magliulo
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Regine Maier
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Tanguy Manise
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Paraskevi Manolaki
- School of Pure & Applied SciencesEnvironmental Conservation and Management ProgrammeOpen University of CyprusLatsiaCyprus
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAIAS Høegh‐Guldbergs Gade 6BAarhusDenmark
| | - Felipe Marciniak
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ana Clara Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- NGO New EnergyKharkivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectCoordenação de Dinâmica AmbientalInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of EnvironmentProvince of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dmitry Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Mikel Moriana‐Armendariz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Umberto Morra di Cella
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleySaint‐ChristopheItaly
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mosedale
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Animal BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Newling
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Armin Niessner
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marcelo D. Nosetto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San LuisIMASL, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina
- Cátedra de Climatología Agrícola (FCA‐UNER)Entre RíosArgentina
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/ Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Mountains of the Moon UniversityFort PortalUganda
- National Agricultural Research OrganisationMbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMbararaUganda
| | - Janusz Olejnik
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ada Pastor
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Life SciencesImperial CollegeAscot, BerkshireUK
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Josep Penuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment StudiesNalanda UniversityRajgirIndia
| | | | - Casimiro Pio
- CESAM & Department of EnvironmentUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resourcesAnimals and Environment ‐ University of PaduaLegnaroItaly
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSUniv. Grenoble AlpesEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anatoly S. Prokushkin
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyFaculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Faculty of Biology and GeologyDepartment of Taxonomy and EcologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Sabine Remmele
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfram Remmers
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
| | - David Renault
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Environmental and Biological SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRADUMR Eco&SolsDakarSenegal
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, IRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- LMI IESOLCentre IRD‐ISRA de Bel AirDakarSenegal
| | | | - Patrick Saccone
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Jhonatan Sallo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPerú
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Wilhelm L. JohannsenCuscoPerú
| | - Cinthya C. Santos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐3): AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyDepartment of GeosciencesUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Max Schuchardt
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of GeographyThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tony Scott
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | | | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape ManagementFaculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial ManagementNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
- Terra Nova National ParkParks Canada AgencyGlovertownNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - David P. Siqueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest CentreForest Research Institute ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stuart W. Smith
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sarah Smith‐Tripp
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Bartolomeu Israel Souza
- Departamento de Geociências. Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa ‐ PBBrasil
| | - Arildo Souza Dias
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
- Department of Physical GeographyGoethe‐Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLabDipartimento di Bioscienze e TerritorioUniversità degli Studi del MoliseTermoliItaly
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Swedish Species Information CentreUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
- Faculty for BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire CentreGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jean‐Paul Theurillat
- Foundation J.‐M. AubertChampex‐LacSwitzerland
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétaleUniversité de GenèveChambésySwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Urs Albert Treier
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources ‐ 3BBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Rosamond Tutton
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Vilna A. Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Finnish Meteorological InstHelsinkiFinland
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityJapan
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marek Urbaniak
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tudor‐Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐NapocaNational Institute of Research and Development for Biological SciencesBucharestRomania
| | | | - Stijn Van de Vondel
- The Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE)University of AntwerpWilrijk (Antwerpen)Belgium
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - G. F. Veen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elmar Veenendaal
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab ‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Erik Verbrugggen
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Frank G. A. Verheijen
- Earth Surface Processes TeamCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaIPE‐CSIC. Av. Llano de la VictoriaJaca (Huesca)Spain
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR ‐ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsFaculty of Geosciences and EnvironmentUniversity of LausanneGéopolisSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonathan von Oppen
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert G. Way
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert Weigel
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduP.R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityNew JerseyUSA
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Klaudia Ziemblińska
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Reiner Zimmermann
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical GardensUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsMinistry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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9
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Salomón RL, Peters RL, Zweifel R, Sass-Klaassen UGW, Stegehuis AI, Smiljanic M, Poyatos R, Babst F, Cienciala E, Fonti P, Lerink BJW, Lindner M, Martinez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Nabuurs GJ, van der Maaten E, von Arx G, Bär A, Akhmetzyanov L, Balanzategui D, Bellan M, Bendix J, Berveiller D, Blaženec M, Čada V, Carraro V, Cecchini S, Chan T, Conedera M, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Ditmarová Ľ, Dolezal J, Dufrêne E, Edvardsson J, Ehekircher S, Forner A, Frouz J, Ganthaler A, Gryc V, Güney A, Heinrich I, Hentschel R, Janda P, Ježík M, Kahle HP, Knüsel S, Krejza J, Kuberski Ł, Kučera J, Lebourgeois F, Mikoláš M, Matula R, Mayr S, Oberhuber W, Obojes N, Osborne B, Paljakka T, Plichta R, Rabbel I, Rathgeber CBK, Salmon Y, Saunders M, Scharnweber T, Sitková Z, Stangler DF, Stereńczak K, Stojanović M, Střelcová K, Světlík J, Svoboda M, Tobin B, Trotsiuk V, Urban J, Valladares F, Vavrčík H, Vejpustková M, Walthert L, Wilmking M, Zin E, Zou J, Steppe K. The 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests. Nat Commun 2022; 13:28. [PMID: 35013178 PMCID: PMC8748979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves exert disproportionately strong and sometimes irreversible impacts on forest ecosystems. These impacts remain poorly understood at the tree and species level and across large spatial scales. Here, we investigate the effects of the record-breaking 2018 European heatwave on tree growth and tree water status using a collection of high-temporal resolution dendrometer data from 21 species across 53 sites. Relative to the two preceding years, annual stem growth was not consistently reduced by the 2018 heatwave but stems experienced twice the temporary shrinkage due to depletion of water reserves. Conifer species were less capable of rehydrating overnight than broadleaves across gradients of soil and atmospheric drought, suggesting less resilience toward transient stress. In particular, Norway spruce and Scots pine experienced extensive stem dehydration. Our high-resolution dendrometer network was suitable to disentangle the effects of a severe heatwave on tree growth and desiccation at large-spatial scales in situ, and provided insights on which species may be more vulnerable to climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard L Peters
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ute G W Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemiek I Stegehuis
- European Forest Institute, Resilience Programme, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- DendroGreif, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER-Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, 254 01, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bas J W Lerink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Resilience Programme, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jordi Martinez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gert-Jan Nabuurs
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bär
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linar Akhmetzyanov
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Balanzategui
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Bellan
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg Bendix
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Miroslav Blaženec
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vinicio Carraro
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sébastien Cecchini
- Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche Développement et Innovation, 77300, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Tommy Chan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Insubric Ecosystems Research Group, 6593, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Universite de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Ľubica Ditmarová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Dufrêne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Johannes Edvardsson
- Laboratory for Wood Anatomy and Dendrochronology, Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alicia Forner
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE-CSIC), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Frouz
- Institute for environmental studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ganthaler
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vladimír Gryc
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aylin Güney
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Forestry, Çigli, Izmir, Turkey
- Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Natural Sciences Unit, German Archaeological Institute, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Hentschel
- Brandenburg State Forestry Center of Excellence, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Pavel Janda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Ježík
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Hans-Peter Kahle
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Knüsel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Insubric Ecosystems Research Group, 6593, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Łukasz Kuberski
- Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Jiří Kučera
- Environmental Measuring Systems Ltd., 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Mikoláš
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Matula
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Walter Oberhuber
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nikolaus Obojes
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Bruce Osborne
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teemu Paljakka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inken Rabbel
- Department for Geography, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cyrille B K Rathgeber
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew Saunders
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Natural Sciences, Botany Department, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Střelcová
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jan Světlík
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Tobin
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Hanuš Vavrčík
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Vejpustková
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenz Walthert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wilmking
- DendroGreif, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ewa Zin
- Department of Natural Forests, Forest Research Institute, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Junliang Zou
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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10
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Flo V, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Granda V, Anderegg WRL, Poyatos R. Corrigendum. New Phytol 2021; 232:1519. [PMID: 34453859 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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11
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Santiago LS, Poyatos R, Badiella L, de Cáceres M, Aranda I, Delzon S, Vilagrosa A, Mencuccini M. Towards a statistically robust determination of minimum water potential and hydraulic risk in plants. New Phytol 2021; 232:404-417. [PMID: 34153132 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Minimum water potential (Ψmin ) is a key variable for characterizing dehydration tolerance and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) in plants. Ψmin is usually estimated as the absolute minimum tissue Ψ experienced by a species, but this is problematic because sample extremes are affected by sample size and the underlying probability distribution. We compare alternative approaches to estimate Ψmin and assess the corresponding uncertainties and biases; propose statistically robust estimation methods based on extreme value theory (EVT); and assess the implications of our results for the characterization of hydraulic risk. Our results show that current estimates of Ψmin and HSMs are biased, as they are strongly affected by sample size. Because sampling effort is generally higher for species living in dry environments, the differences in current Ψmin estimates between these species and those living under milder conditions are partly artefactual. When this bias is corrected using EVT methods, resulting HSMs tend to increase substantially with resistance to embolism across species. Although data availability and representativeness remain the main challenges for proper determination of Ψmin , a closer look at Ψ distributions and the use of statistically robust methods to estimate Ψmin opens new ground for characterizing plant hydraulic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Llorenç Badiella
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Miquel de Cáceres
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Dept Ecology, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, PO Box 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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12
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Barba J, Poyatos R, Capooci M, Vargas R. Spatiotemporal variability and origin of CO 2 and CH 4 tree stem fluxes in an upland forest. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4879-4893. [PMID: 34214242 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of multiple greenhouse gases (i.e., CO2 and CH4 ) between tree stems and the atmosphere represents a knowledge gap in the global carbon cycle. Stem CO2 and CH4 fluxes vary across time and space and are unclear, which are their individual or shared drivers. Here we measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes at different stem heights combining manual (biweekly; n = 678) and automated (hourly; n > 38,000) measurements in a temperate upland forest. All trees showed CO2 and CH4 emissions despite 20% of measurements showing net CH4 uptake. Stem CO2 fluxes presented clear seasonal trends from manual and automated measurements. Only automated measurements captured the high temporal variability of stem CH4 fluxes revealing clear seasonal trends. Despite that temporal integration, the limited number of automated chambers made stand-level mean CH4 fluxes sensitive to "hot spots," resulting in mean fluxes with high uncertainty. Manual measurements provided better integration of spatial variability, but their lack of temporal variability integration hindered the detection of temporal trends and stand-level mean fluxes. These results highlight the potential bias of previous studies of stem CH4 fluxes solely based on manual or automated measurements. Stem height, temperature, and soil moisture only explained 7% and 11% of the stem CH4 flux variability compared to 42% and 81% for CO2 (manual and automated measurements, respectively). This large unexplained variability, in combination with high CH4 concentrations in the trees' heartwood, suggests that stem CH4 fluxes might be more influenced by gas transport and diffusivity through the wood than by drivers of respiratory CO2 flux, which has crucial implications for developing process-based ecosystem models. We postulate that CH4 is likely originated within tree stems because of lack of a consistent vertical pattern in CH4 fluxes, evidence of CH4 production in wood incubations, and low CH4 concentration in the soil profile but high concentrations within the trees' heartwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Margaret Capooci
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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13
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Virkkala AM, Aalto J, Rogers BM, Tagesson T, Treat CC, Natali SM, Watts JD, Potter S, Lehtonen A, Mauritz M, Schuur EAG, Kochendorfer J, Zona D, Oechel W, Kobayashi H, Humphreys E, Goeckede M, Iwata H, Lafleur PM, Euskirchen ES, Bokhorst S, Marushchak M, Martikainen PJ, Elberling B, Voigt C, Biasi C, Sonnentag O, Parmentier FJW, Ueyama M, Celis G, St Louis VL, Emmerton CA, Peichl M, Chi J, Järveoja J, Nilsson MB, Oberbauer SF, Torn MS, Park SJ, Dolman H, Mammarella I, Chae N, Poyatos R, López-Blanco E, Christensen TR, Kwon MJ, Sachs T, Holl D, Luoto M. Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4040-4059. [PMID: 33913236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO2 ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink-source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO2 fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990-2015 from 148 terrestrial high-latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO2 fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km2 ) across the high-latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE-focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO2 sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE -46 and -29 g C m-2 yr-1 , respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and -2 g C m-2 yr-1 ). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high-latitude region was on average an annual CO2 sink during 1990-2015, although uncertainty remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Virkkala
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | - Juha Aalto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire C Treat
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - John Kochendorfer
- Atmosperic Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walter Oechel
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokoama, Japan
| | | | - Mathias Goeckede
- Dept. Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Peter M Lafleur
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stef Bokhorst
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maija Marushchak
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pertti J Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Gerardo Celis
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vincent L St Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Craig A Emmerton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinshu Chi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sang-Jong Park
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Dolman
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Namyi Chae
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Environment and Minerals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Min Jung Kwon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Holl
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Flo V, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Granda V, Anderegg WRL, Poyatos R. Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water-use strategies. New Phytol 2021; 231:617-630. [PMID: 33893652 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree water use is central to plant function and ecosystem fluxes. However, it is still unknown how organ-level water-relations traits are coordinated to determine whole-tree water-use strategies in response to drought, and whether this coordination depends on climate. Here we used a global sap flow database (SAPFLUXNET) to study the response of water use, in terms of whole-tree canopy conductance (G), to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and to soil water content (SWC) for 142 tree species. We investigated the individual and coordinated effect of six water-relations traits (vulnerability to embolism, Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, turgor-loss point, rooting depth and leaf size) on water-use parameters, also accounting for the effect of tree height and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP). Reference G and its sensitivity to VPD were tightly coordinated with water-relations traits rather than with MAP. Species with efficient xylem transport had higher canopy conductance but also higher sensitivity to VPD. Moreover, we found that angiosperms had higher reference G and higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms. Our results highlight the need to consider trait integration and reveal the complications and challenges of defining a single, whole-plant resource use spectrum ranging from 'acquisitive' to 'conservative'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Flo
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Victor Granda
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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15
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Nelson JA, Pérez-Priego O, Zhou S, Poyatos R, Zhang Y, Blanken PD, Gimeno TE, Wohlfahrt G, Desai AR, Gioli B, Limousin JM, Bonal D, Paul-Limoges E, Scott RL, Varlagin A, Fuchs K, Montagnani L, Wolf S, Delpierre N, Berveiller D, Gharun M, Belelli Marchesini L, Gianelle D, Šigut L, Mammarella I, Siebicke L, Andrew Black T, Knohl A, Hörtnagl L, Magliulo V, Besnard S, Weber U, Carvalhais N, Migliavacca M, Reichstein M, Jung M. Ecosystem transpiration and evaporation: Insights from three water flux partitioning methods across FLUXNET sites. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6916-6930. [PMID: 33022860 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We apply and compare three widely applicable methods for estimating ecosystem transpiration (T) from eddy covariance (EC) data across 251 FLUXNET sites globally. All three methods are based on the coupled water and carbon relationship, but they differ in assumptions and parameterizations. Intercomparison of the three daily T estimates shows high correlation among methods (R between .89 and .94), but a spread in magnitudes of T/ET (evapotranspiration) from 45% to 77%. When compared at six sites with concurrent EC and sap flow measurements, all three EC-based T estimates show higher correlation to sap flow-based T than EC-based ET. The partitioning methods show expected tendencies of T/ET increasing with dryness (vapor pressure deficit and days since rain) and with leaf area index (LAI). Analysis of 140 sites with high-quality estimates for at least two continuous years shows that T/ET variability was 1.6 times higher across sites than across years. Spatial variability of T/ET was primarily driven by vegetation and soil characteristics (e.g., crop or grass designation, minimum annual LAI, soil coarse fragment volume) rather than climatic variables such as mean/standard deviation of temperature or precipitation. Overall, T and T/ET patterns are plausible and qualitatively consistent among the different water flux partitioning methods implying a significant advance made for estimating and understanding T globally, while the magnitudes remain uncertain. Our results represent the first extensive EC data-based estimates of ecosystem T permitting a data-driven perspective on the role of plants' water use for global water and carbon cycling in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Nelson
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Oscar Pérez-Priego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sha Zhou
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yao Zhang
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Blanken
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Firenze, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Russell L Scott
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kathrin Fuchs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Damiano Gianelle
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research INAR/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFoM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Ercolano, Italy
| | - Simon Besnard
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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16
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Peters RL, Pappas C, Hurley AG, Poyatos R, Flo V, Zweifel R, Goossens W, Steppe K. Assimilate, process and analyse thermal dissipation sap flow data using the TREX
r
package. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Peters
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology Department of Plants and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Département de géographie Université de Montréal Montreal QC Canada
- Centre d’étude de la forêtUniversité du Québec à Montréal Montreal QC Canada
- Département Science et Technologie Téluq Université du Québec Montreal QC Canada
| | - Alexander G. Hurley
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesSection 4.3 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution Potsdam Germany
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Victor Flo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Willem Goossens
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology Department of Plants and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology Department of Plants and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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17
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Barba J, Poyatos R, Vargas R. Automated measurements of greenhouse gases fluxes from tree stems and soils: magnitudes, patterns and drivers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4005. [PMID: 30850622 PMCID: PMC6408546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree stems exchange CO2, CH4 and N2O with the atmosphere but the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of these greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remain poorly understood. Our understanding mainly comes from static-manual measurements, which provide limited information on the temporal variability and magnitude of these fluxes. We measured hourly CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes at two stem heights and adjacent soils within an upland temperate forest. We analyzed diurnal and seasonal variability of fluxes and biophysical drivers (i.e., temperature, soil moisture, sap flux). Tree stems were a net source of CO2 (3.80 ± 0.18 µmol m-2 s-1; mean ± 95% CI) and CH4 (0.37 ± 0.18 nmol m-2 s-1), but a sink for N2O (-0.016 ± 0.008 nmol m-2 s-1). Time series analysis showed diurnal temporal correlations between these gases with temperature or sap flux for certain days. CO2 and CH4 showed a clear seasonal pattern explained by temperature, soil water content and sap flux. Relationships between stem, soil fluxes and their drivers suggest that CH4 for stem emissions could be partially produced belowground. High-frequency measurements demonstrate that: a) tree stems exchange GHGs with the atmosphere at multiple time scales; and b) are needed to better estimate fluxes magnitudes and understand underlying mechanisms of GHG stem emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
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18
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Peters RL, Fonti P, Frank DC, Poyatos R, Pappas C, Kahmen A, Carraro V, Prendin AL, Schneider L, Baltzer JL, Baron-Gafford GA, Dietrich L, Heinrich I, Minor RL, Sonnentag O, Matheny AM, Wightman MG, Steppe K. Quantification of uncertainties in conifer sap flow measured with the thermal dissipation method. New Phytol 2018; 219:1283-1299. [PMID: 29862531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trees play a key role in the global hydrological cycle and measurements performed with the thermal dissipation method (TDM) have been crucial in providing whole-tree water-use estimates. Yet, different data processing to calculate whole-tree water use encapsulates uncertainties that have not been systematically assessed. We quantified uncertainties in conifer sap flux density (Fd ) and stand water use caused by commonly applied methods for deriving zero-flow conditions, dampening and sensor calibration. Their contribution has been assessed using a stem segment calibration experiment and 4 yr of TDM measurements in Picea abies and Larix decidua growing in contrasting environments. Uncertainties were then projected on TDM data from different conifers across the northern hemisphere. Commonly applied methods mostly underestimated absolute Fd . Lacking a site- and species-specific calibrations reduced our stand water-use measurements by 37% and induced uncertainty in northern hemisphere Fd . Additionally, although the interdaily variability was maintained, disregarding dampening and/or applying zero-flow conditions that ignored night-time water use reduced the correlation between environment and Fd . The presented ensemble of calibration curves and proposed dampening correction, together with the systematic quantification of data-processing uncertainties, provide crucial steps in improving whole-tree water-use estimates across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Peters
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Basel University, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David C Frank
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, 1215 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 8572, USA
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Falkenplatz 16, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Département de géographie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Basel University, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vinicio Carraro
- Department TeSAF Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Angela Luisa Prendin
- Department TeSAF Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Department of Bioscience, Ecoinformatic & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, Building 1540, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Loïc Schneider
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Greg A Baron-Gafford
- School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Lars Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Basel University, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Minor
- School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de géographie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Ashley M Matheny
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, 2305 Speedway Stop, C1160, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maxwell G Wightman
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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da Costa ACL, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Oliveira AAR, Binks OJ, Salmon Y, Vasconcelos SS, Junior JAS, Ferreira LV, Poyatos R, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Stand dynamics modulate water cycling and mortality risk in droughted tropical forest. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:249-258. [PMID: 28752626 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transpiration from the Amazon rainforest generates an essential water source at a global and local scale. However, changes in rainforest function with climate change can disrupt this process, causing significant reductions in precipitation across Amazonia, and potentially at a global scale. We report the only study of forest transpiration following a long-term (>10 year) experimental drought treatment in Amazonian forest. After 15 years of receiving half the normal rainfall, drought-related tree mortality caused total forest transpiration to decrease by 30%. However, the surviving droughted trees maintained or increased transpiration because of reduced competition for water and increased light availability, which is consistent with increased growth rates. Consequently, the amount of water supplied as rainfall reaching the soil and directly recycled as transpiration increased to 100%. This value was 25% greater than for adjacent nondroughted forest. If these drought conditions were accompanied by a modest increase in temperature (e.g., 1.5°C), water demand would exceed supply, making the forest more prone to increased tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Rowland
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver J Binks
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yann Salmon
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - João A S Junior
- Instituto de Geosciências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Poyatos R, Doblas-Miranda E. Drought as a Disturbance in Forests. Ecology 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199830060-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Drought is a situation of water deficit of a system, compared to normal conditions. Operational definitions of drought (i.e., those used to identify specific drought events) change depending upon the system under consideration, but they have been historically restricted to climatic, agricultural, hydrologic, and socioeconomic systems. From an ecologic point of view, the literature on drought-related impacts on ecosystems has grown dramatically only in recent years, prompted by our need to predict such impacts under the drier conditions projected for many areas of the Earth as a result of climate change. This article provides a guide to the literature addressing the role of drought as an agent of change in of ecosystem structure and function mediated by vegetation responses. The study of drought responses in plants has traditionally been led by agronomists and plant ecophysiologists, with an emphasis on the understanding of physiological stress or plastic responses. Here we will focus not on mild stress, but on extreme functional responses and drought-related persistent changes in terrestrial, natural, and seminatural ecosystems, considering that agricultural or freshwater ecosystems merit their own review and are beyond the scope of this article. Because of the increasing interest in the causes and consequences of drought-induced vegetation dieback since the early 21st century, many of the references included in this article are relatively recent. This large body of research has been mostly developed for woody communities, and the majority of studies selected here are hence based on woodlands. Nevertheless, we recommend the “Drought” section in the Oxford Bibliography on the “Grassland Biome” for further information.
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21
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Poyatos R, Granda V, Molowny-Horas R, Mencuccini M, Steppe K, Martínez-Vilalta J. SAPFLUXNET: towards a global database of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:1449-1455. [PMID: 27885171 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant transpiration is the main evaporative flux from terrestrial ecosystems; it controls land surface energy balance, determines catchment hydrological responses and influences regional and global climate. Transpiration regulation by plants is a key (and still not completely understood) process that underlies vegetation drought responses and land evaporative fluxes under global change scenarios. Thermometric methods of sap flow measurement have now been widely used to quantify whole-plant and stand transpiration in forests, shrublands and orchards around the world. A large body of research has applied sap flow methods to analyse seasonal and diurnal patterns of transpiration and to quantify their responses to hydroclimatic variability, but syntheses of sap flow data at regional to global scales are extremely rare. Here we present the SAPFLUXNET initiative, aimed at building the first global database of plant-level sap flow measurements. A preliminary metadata survey launched in December 2015 showed an encouraging response by the sap flow community, with sap flow data sets from field studies representing >160 species and >120 globally distributed sites. The main goal of SAPFLUXNET is to analyse the ecological factors driving plant- and stand-level transpiration. SAPFLUXNET will open promising research avenues at an unprecedented global scope, namely: (i) exploring the spatio-temporal variability of plant transpiration and its relationship with plant and stand attributes, (ii) summarizing physiological regulation of transpiration by means of few water-use traits, usable for land surface models, (iii) improving our understanding of the coordination between gas exchange and plant-level traits (e.g., hydraulics) and (iv) analysing the ecological factors controlling stand transpiration and evapotranspiration partitioning. Finally, SAPFLUXNET can provide a benchmark to test models of physiological controls of transpiration, contributing to improve the accuracy of individual water stress responses, a key element to obtain robust predictions of vegetation responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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Barba J, Curiel Yuste J, Poyatos R, Janssens IA, Lloret F. Strong resilience of soil respiration components to drought-induced die-off resulting in forest secondary succession. Oecologia 2016; 182:27-41. [PMID: 26879544 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How forests cope with drought-induced perturbations and how the dependence of soil respiration on environmental and biological drivers is affected in a warming and drying context are becoming key questions. The aims of this study were to determine whether drought-induced die-off and forest succession were reflected in soil respiration and its components and to determine the influence of climate on the soil respiration components. We used the mesh exclusion method to study seasonal variations in soil respiration (R S) and its components: heterotrophic (R H) and autotrophic (R A) [further split into fine root (R R) and mycorrhizal respiration (R M)] in a mixed Mediterranean forest where Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is undergoing a drought-induced die-off and is being replaced by holm oak (Quercus ilex L.). Drought-induced pine die-off was not reflected in R S nor in its components, which denotes a high functional resilience of the plant and soil system to pine die-off. However, the succession from Scots pine to holm oak resulted in a reduction of R H and thus in an important decrease of total respiration (R S was 36 % lower in holm oaks than in non-defoliated pines). Furthermore, R S and all its components were strongly regulated by soil water content-and-temperature interaction. Since Scots pine die-off and Quercus species colonization seems to be widely occurring at the driest limit of the Scots pine distribution, the functional resilience of the soil system over die-off and the decrease of R S from Scots pine to holm oak could have direct consequences for the C balance of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,UnivAutònoma Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Biology Department, Universiteit Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, 2610, Belgium
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,UnivAutònoma Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Salmon Y, Torres-Ruiz JM, Poyatos R, Martinez-Vilalta J, Meir P, Cochard H, Mencuccini M. Balancing the risks of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation: a twig scale analysis in declining Scots pine. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:2575-88. [PMID: 25997464 PMCID: PMC4989476 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding physiological processes involved in drought-induced mortality is important for predicting the future of forests and for modelling the carbon and water cycles. Recent research has highlighted the variable risks of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure in drought-exposed trees. However, little is known about the specific responses of leaves and supporting twigs, despite their critical role in balancing carbon acquisition and water loss. Comparing healthy (non-defoliated) and unhealthy (defoliated) Scots pine at the same site, we measured the physiological variables involved in regulating carbon and water resources. Defoliated trees showed different responses to summer drought compared with non-defoliated trees. Defoliated trees maintained gas exchange while non-defoliated trees reduced photosynthesis and transpiration during the drought period. At the branch scale, very few differences were observed in non-structural carbohydrate concentrations between health classes. However, defoliated trees tended to have lower water potentials and smaller hydraulic safety margins. While non-defoliated trees showed a typical response to drought for an isohydric species, the physiology appears to be driven in defoliated trees by the need to maintain carbon resources in twigs. These responses put defoliated trees at higher risk of branch hydraulic failure and help explain the interaction between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure in dying trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93JN, UK
| | - José M Torres-Ruiz
- BIOGECO, UMR 1202, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615, Pessac, France
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO, INRA, 33612, Cestas, France
| | | | - Jordi Martinez-Vilalta
- Campus de UAB, CREAF, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93JN, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR547 PIAF, Clermont Université, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93JN, UK
- ICREA, CREAF, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Mesa F, Magán-Fernández A, Muñoz R, Papay-Ramírez L, Poyatos R, Sánchez-Fernández E, Galindo-Moreno P, Rodríguez-Barranco M. Catecholamine metabolites in urine, as chronic stress biomarkers, are associated with higher risk of chronic periodontitis in adults. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1755-62. [PMID: 24965061 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the association between stress and periodontitis by determining stress biomarkers in saliva and urine and to determine whether oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and tooth loss are correlated with stress biomarkers in patients with periodontitis. METHODS A total of 77 patients (41 cases [with periodontitis] and 36 controls) participated in this study. Periodontal examination findings included probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and tooth loss. Secretory immunoglobulin (sIg)A and cortisol were determined in saliva. Cortisol, creatinine-adjusted cortisol, metanephrine, normetanephrine, and total metanephrines were measured in urine. RESULTS Urinary metanephrine (P = 0.013) and total metanephrine (P = 0.023) levels were higher in the case group. In cases, salivary cortisol was correlated with PI (r = 0.464, P <0.01), BOP (r = 0.401, P <0.05), and tooth loss (r = 0.245, P <0.05). Urinary metanephrine levels above the median were associated with a 3.4-fold higher risk of periodontitis (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 10.2; P = 0.029), with an 82% increase in risk for each increment of 0.05 µg/24 hours. Urinary total metanephrine levels above the median were associated with a five-fold higher risk of periodontitis (95% CI = 1.6 to 15.7; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The present results offer new evidence of the association between urinary concentrations of catecholamine metabolites (metanephrine and total metanephrines) and chronic periodontitis. Salivary IgA level showed no statistical difference between the cases and controls. Salivary cortisol levels in the patients with periodontitis were correlated with worse PI, higher gingival inflammation, and greater tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Aguadé D, Poyatos R, Gómez M, Oliva J, Martínez-Vilalta J. The role of defoliation and root rot pathogen infection in driving the mode of drought-related physiological decline in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Tree Physiol 2015; 35:229-42. [PMID: 25724949 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought-related tree die-off episodes have been observed in all vegetated continents. Despite much research effort, however, the multiple interactions between carbon starvation, hydraulic failure and biotic agents in driving tree mortality under field conditions are still not well understood. We analysed the seasonal variability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in four organs (leaves, branches, trunk and roots), the vulnerability to embolism in roots and branches, native embolism (percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC)) in branches and the presence of root rot pathogens in defoliated and non-defoliated individuals in a declining Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) population in the NE Iberian Peninsula in 2012, which included a particularly dry and warm summer. No differences were observed between defoliated and non-defoliated pines in hydraulic parameters, except for a higher vulnerability to embolism at pressures below -2 MPa in roots of defoliated pines. No differences were found between defoliation classes in branch PLC. Total NSC (TNSC, soluble sugars plus starch) values decreased during drought, particularly in leaves. Defoliation reduced TNSC levels across tree organs, especially just before (June) and during (August) drought. Root rot infection by the fungal pathogen Onnia P. Karst spp. was detected but it did not appear to be associated to tree defoliation. However, Onnia infection was associated with reduced leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity and sapwood depth, and thus contributed to hydraulic impairment, especially in defoliated pines. Infection was also associated with virtually depleted root starch reserves during and after drought in defoliated pines. Moreover, defoliated and infected trees tended to show lower basal area increment. Overall, our results show the intertwined nature of physiological mechanisms leading to drought-induced mortality and the inherent difficulty of isolating their contribution under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguadé
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gómez
- Forest Science Centre of Catalonia, Solsona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oliva
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Poyatos R, Aguadé D, Retana J, Mencuccini M. A new look at water transport regulation in plants. New Phytol 2014; 204:105-115. [PMID: 24985503 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant function requires effective mechanisms to regulate water transport at a variety of scales. Here, we develop a new theoretical framework describing plant responses to drying soil, based on the relationship between midday and predawn leaf water potentials. The intercept of the relationship (Λ) characterizes the maximum transpiration rate per unit of hydraulic transport capacity, whereas the slope (σ) measures the relative sensitivity of the transpiration rate and plant hydraulic conductance to declining water availability. This framework was applied to a newly compiled global database of leaf water potentials to estimate the values of Λ and σ for 102 plant species. Our results show that our characterization of drought responses is largely consistent within species, and that the parameters Λ and σ show meaningful associations with climate across species. Parameter σ was ≤1 in most species, indicating a tight coordination between the gas and liquid phases of water transport, in which canopy transpiration tended to decline faster than hydraulic conductance during drought, thus reducing the pressure drop through the plant. The quantitative framework presented here offers a new way of characterizing water transport regulation in plants that can be used to assess their vulnerability to drought under current and future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | | | - David Aguadé
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Javier Retana
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
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Poyatos R, Heinemeyer A, Ineson P, Evans JG, Ward HC, Huntley B, Baxter R. Environmental and Vegetation Drivers of Seasonal CO2 Fluxes in a Sub-arctic Forest–Mire Ecotone. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Poyatos R, Aguadé D, Galiano L, Mencuccini M, Martínez-Vilalta J. Drought-induced defoliation and long periods of near-zero gas exchange play a key role in accentuating metabolic decline of Scots pine. New Phytol 2013; 200:388-401. [PMID: 23594415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced defoliation has recently been associated with the depletion of carbon reserves and increased mortality risk in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). We hypothesize that defoliated individuals are more sensitive to drought, implying that potentially higher gas exchange (per unit of leaf area) during wet periods may not compensate for their reduced photosynthetic area. We measured sap flow, needle water potentials and whole-tree hydraulic conductance to analyse the drought responses of co-occurring defoliated and nondefoliated Scots pines in northeast Spain during typical (2010) and extreme (2011) drought conditions. Defoliated Scots pines showed higher sap flow per unit leaf area during spring, but were more sensitive to summer drought, relative to nondefoliated pines. This pattern was associated with a steeper decline in soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance with drought and an enhanced sensitivity of canopy conductance to soil water availability. Near-homeostasis in midday water potentials was observed across years and defoliation classes, with minimum values of -2.5 MPa. Enhanced sensitivity to drought and prolonged periods of near-zero gas exchange were consistent with low levels of carbohydrate reserves in defoliated trees. Our results support the critical links between defoliation, water and carbon availability, and their key roles in determining tree survival and recovery under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David Aguadé
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lucía Galiano
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Sterck FJ, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Cochard H, Gerrits P, Zweifel R, Herrero A, Korhonen JF, Llorens P, Nikinmaa E, Nolè A, Poyatos R, Ripullone F, Sass-Klaassen U. Understanding trait interactions and their impacts on growth in Scots pine branches across Europe. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Cochard H, Mencuccini M, Sterck F, Herrero A, Korhonen JFJ, Llorens P, Nikinmaa E, Nolè A, Poyatos R, Ripullone F, Sass-Klaassen U, Zweifel R. Hydraulic adjustment of Scots pine across Europe. New Phytol 2009; 184:353-364. [PMID: 19674333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
* The variability of branch-level hydraulic properties was assessed across 12 Scots pine populations covering a wide range of environmental conditions, including some of the southernmost populations of the species. The aims were to relate this variability to differences in climate, and to study the potential tradeoffs between traits. * Traits measured included wood density, radial growth, xylem anatomy, sapwood- and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (K(S) and K(L)), vulnerability to embolism, leaf-to-sapwood area ratio (A(L) : A(S)), needle carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C) and nitrogen content, and specific leaf area. * Between-population variability was high for most of the hydraulic traits studied, but it was directly associated with climate dryness (defined as a combination of atmospheric moisture demand and availability) only for A(L) : A(S), K(L) and Delta13C. Shoot radial growth and A(L) : A(S) declined with stand development, which is consistent with a strategy to avoid exceedingly low water potentials as tree size increases. In addition, we did not find evidence at the intraspecific level of some associations between hydraulic traits that have been commonly reported across species. * The adjustment of Scots pine's hydraulic system to local climatic conditions occurred primarily through modifications of A(L) : A(S) and direct stomatal control, whereas intraspecific variation in vulnerability to embolism and leaf physiology appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF/Ecology Unit, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK
| | - H Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63177, Aubière, France
| | - M Mencuccini
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK
| | - F Sterck
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Herrero
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J F J Korhonen
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Llorens
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Nikinmaa
- Department of Forest Ecology, PO Box 24, FI-00014 Univesity of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Nolè
- Dipartimento Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, I-851000, Potenza, Italy
| | - R Poyatos
- Institute of Ecosystem Science, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - F Ripullone
- Dipartimento Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, I-851000, Potenza, Italy
| | - U Sass-Klaassen
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Poyatos R, Martínez-Vilalta J, Cermák J, Ceulemans R, Granier A, Irvine J, Köstner B, Lagergren F, Meiresonne L, Nadezhdina N, Zimmermann R, Llorens P, Mencuccini M. Plasticity in hydraulic architecture of Scots pine across Eurasia. Oecologia 2007; 153:245-59. [PMID: 17453248 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tree species must show physiological and structural plasticity to deal with contrasting water balance conditions. To investigate these plasticity mechanisms, a meta-analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. sap flow and its response to environmental variables was conducted using datasets from across its whole geographical range. For each site, a Jarvis-type, multiplicative model was used to fit the relationship between sap flow and photosynthetically active radiation, vapour pressure deficit (D) and soil moisture deficit (SMD); and a logarithmic function was used to characterize the response of stomatal conductance (G(s)) to D. The fitted parameters of those models were regressed against climatic variables to study the acclimation of Scots pine to dry/warm conditions. The absolute value of sap flow and its sensitivity to D and SMD increased with the average summer evaporative demand. However, relative sensitivity of G(s) to D (m/G (s,ref), where m is the slope and G(s,ref) is reference G(s) at D = 1 kPa) did not increase with evaporative demand across populations, and transpiration per unit leaf area at a given D increased accordingly in drier/warmer climates. This physiological plasticity was linked to the previously reported climate- and size-related structural acclimation of leaf to sapwood area ratios. G (s,ref), and its absolute sensitivity to D(m), tended to decrease with age/height of the trees as previously reported for other pine species. It is unclear why Scots pines have higher transpiration rates at drier/warmer sites, at the expense of lower water-use efficiency. In any case, our results suggest that these structural adjustments may not be enough to prevent lower xylem tensions at the driest sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poyatos
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Lluís Solé i Sabarís, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Poyatos R, Cermák J, Llorens P. Variation in the radial patterns of sap flux density in pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) and its implications for tree and stand transpiration measurements. Tree Physiol 2007; 27:537-48. [PMID: 17241996 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/27.4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Radial variation in sap flux density across the sapwood was assessed by the heat field deformation method in several trees of Quercus pubescens Wild., a ring-porous species. Sapwood depths were delimited by identifying the point of zero flow in radial patterns of sap flow, yielding tree sapwood areas that were 1.5-2 times larger than assumed based on visual examinations of wood cores. The patterns of sap flow varied both among trees and diurnally. Rates of sap flow were higher close to the cambium, although there was a significant contribution from the inner sapwood, which was greater (up to 60% of total flow) during the early morning and late in the day. Accordingly, the normalized difference between outer and inner sapwood flow was stable during the middle of the day, but showed a general decline in the afternoon. The distribution of sap flux density across the sapwood allowed us to derive correction coefficients for single-point heat dissipation sap flow measurements. We used daytime-averaged coefficients that depended on the particular shape of the radial profile and ranged between 0.45 and 1.28. Stand transpiration calculated using the new method of estimating sapwood areas and the radial correction coefficients was similar to (Year 2003), or about 25% higher than (Year 2004), previous uncorrected values, and was 20-30% of reference evapotranspiration. We demonstrated how inaccuracies in determining sapwood depths and mean sap flux density across the sapwood of ring-porous species could affect tree and stand transpiration estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Poyatos
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (CSIC), Lluís Solé Sabarís s/n, 08208 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis diurnal rhythms through the determination of hormone levels. Blood samples were taken at 0900 hours. and at 2000 hours. These samples were taken from 18 healthy volunteers who regularly practice TM and from nine healthy non-meditators. Cortisol, beta-endorphin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured at both hours. TM practitioners showed no diurnal rhythm for ACTH and for beta-endorphin (ACTH, pg/mL, mean +/- SE; 13.8+/-1.2 - 12.1+/-1.5/beta-endorphin, pg/mL; 14.4+/-1.5 - 17.2+/-1.9, at 0900 hours and 2000 hours, respectively), in contrast to control subjects, who showed normal diurnal rhythm for these hormones and for cortisol (ACTH, pg/mL; 19.4+/-1.9 - 11.9+/-2.2/beta-endorphin, pg/mL; 25.4+/-1.7 - 17.7+/-1.1/Cortisol, ng/mL; 201.4+/-13.2 - 71.3+/-6.5, at 0900-2000 hours, respectively, p < 0.01 in the three cases). Practitioners of TM with similar anxiety levels to those of the control group showed a different pattern in the daytime secretion of pituitary hormones. TM thus appears to have a significant effect on the neuroendocrine axis. Because cortisol levels had a normal pattern in the TM group, these results may be due to a change in feedback sensitivity caused by this mental technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Infante
- Clinical Analysis and Immunology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Infante JR, Perán F, Martínez M, Poyatos R, Roldán A, Ruiz C, Garrido F. Lymphocyte subpopulations and catecholamines; daytime variations and relationships. Rev Esp Fisiol 1996; 52:143-148. [PMID: 8974148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The diurnal variations and their possible relations with endogenous catecholamines have been studied in 16 apparently healthy subjects (8 women and 8 men, between 22-35 years of age). A butterfly cannula was inserted into the flexure vein of the elbow at 8 h and at 20 h, a blood sample being taken after three 15-minute intervals. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were quantified in a cell counter while lymphocyte subpopulations were determined with flow cytometry in cells labelled with specific monoclonal antibodies. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Significant differences for leukocyte circulating levels were found, as well as for all subpopulations measured at different times of day, save NK cells and monocytes. A statistically significant correlation was also found both between leukocytes, all subpopulations and epinephrine save B lymphocytes and NK cells, and between total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD4, CD4/45RA+ subtypes and norepinephrine. In conclusion, diurnal rhythms were proved to exist in leukocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations; the significant correlation between these cells and catecholamine plasma levels suggests the presence of a possible mechanism that connects the cellular immunity with determined hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Infante
- C.S. Virgen de las Nieves, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Granada, Spain
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