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Wang P, Xu C, Zhang X, Shi Y, Wang C, Han Y, Deng Y, Geng Y. Thienoisoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers Synthesized by Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300245. [PMID: 37278130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of thienoisoindigo (TIG)-based conjugated polymers (CPs) with high molecular weights are synthesized by direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) by using TIG derivatives as CBr monomer and multi-halogenated thiophene derivatives, i.e., (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-difluorothien-2-yl)ethene (4FTVT), (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-dichlorothien-2-yl)ethene (4ClTVT), 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (4FBT), and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-2,2'-bithiophene (4ClBT), as CH monomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the high selectivity between α-CH bonds in 4FTVT, 4ClTVT, 4FBT, and 4ClBT and β-CH bonds in TIG CBr monomer. All four resulting CPs exhibit low optical bandgaps of ca. 1.20 eV and ambipolar transport characteristics with both electron and hole mobility above 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 as elaborated with organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The polymer TIG-4FTVT delivers the best device performance. With this polymer, n-channel OTFTs with electron mobility up to 1.67 cm2 V-1 s-1 and p-channel OTFTs with hole mobility up to 0.62 cm2 V-1 s-1 are fabricated by modifying source/drain electrodes with polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and MoO3 , respectively, to selectively inject electrons and holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
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Sui Y, Zhang X, Xu C, Shi Y, Deng Y, Han Y, Geng Y. Conjugated Polymers from Direct Arylation Polycondensation of 3,4-Difluorothiophene-Substituted Aryls: Synthesis and Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300393. [PMID: 37640284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Difluorothiophene-substituted aryls, i.e., 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-benzene (Ph-2FTh), 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-difluorobenzene (2FPh-2FTh), and 4,7-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTz-2FTh), are synthesized as C─H monomers for the synthesis of conjugated polymers (CPs) via direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and isoindigo (IID) derivatives as C─Br monomers. The Gibbs free energies of activation for direct arylation (ΔG298 K , kcal mol-1 ) for α─C─H bonds of thiophene moieties as calculated by density functional theory (DFT) are 14.3, 16.5, and 16.4 kcal mol-1 for Ph-2FTh, 2FPh-2FTh and BTz-2FTh, respectively, meaning that inserting an electron-deficient unit in 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (4FBT, ΔG298K : 14.6 kcal mol-1 ) may cause a reactivity decrease of the C─H monomers. Photophysical and semiconducting properties of the resulting six CPs (i.e., DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz) are characterized in detail. DPP-based CPs show ambipolar transport properties while IID-based ones exhibited n-type behavior owing to the deeper frontier molecular orbital energy levels of IID-based CPs. With source/drain electrodes modified with polyethylenimine ethoxylated, n-channel organic thin-film transistors with maximum electron mobility of 0.40, 0.54, 0.29, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz, respectively, are fabricated. DPP-2FPh exhibits the best device performance due to the good film morphology and the highest intermolecular packing order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Izquierdo JEE, Cavallari MR, García DC, Oliveira JDDS, Nogueira VAM, Braga GDS, Ando Junior OH, Quivy AA, Kymissis I, Fonseca FJ. Detection of Water Contaminants by Organic Transistors as Gas Sensors in a Bottom-Gate/Bottom-Contact Cross-Linked Structure. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7981. [PMID: 37766036 PMCID: PMC10534344 DOI: 10.3390/s23187981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Detecting volatile organic compounds is a fundamental step in water quality analysis. Methylisoborneol (MIB) provides a lousy odor to water, whereas geosmin (GEO) is responsible for its sour taste. A widely-used technique for their detection is gas-phase chromatography. On the other hand, an electronic nose from organic thin-film transistors is a cheaper and faster alternative. Poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecyl-thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C14) features semiconducting properties suitable for organic electronics. However, in order to expose the active layer in a bottom-gate transistor structure with photolithographically patterned electrodes, a cross-linked dielectric such as poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVP) is necessary. In this work, the cross-linking was demonstrated using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, as well as high-k capacitors with a dielectric constant of 5.3. The presence of enhanced crystallinity with terrace formation in the semiconducting film was confirmed with UV-visible spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Finally, for the first time, a PBTTT-C14 transistor on cross-linked PVP was shown to respond to isoborneol with a sensitivity of up to 6% change in mobility per ppm. Due to its similarity to MIB, a system comprising these sensors must be investigated in the future as a tool for sanitation companies in real-time water quality monitoring.
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Grants
- CAPES, scholarship number 88882.333362/2019-01, Programa de Excelência Acadêmica/PROEX Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- FAPESP, process numbers 13/50440-7, 580 13/19420-0, and 15/08566-9 São Paulo Research Foundation
- Unicamp, Auxílio Início de Carreira (Docente), FAEPEX, process number 2095/23 State University of Campinas
- FACEPE, process numbers APQ-0616-9.25/21 and APQ-0642-9.25/22 Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
- CNPq, process numbers 311687/2017-2, 608 407531/2018-1, 303293/2020-9, 309837/2021-9, 405385/2022-6, 405350/2022-8, and 40666/2022-3 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
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Affiliation(s)
- José Enrique Eirez Izquierdo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
| | - Marco Roberto Cavallari
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Av. Albert Einstein 400, Campinas 13083-852, SP, Brazil
- Electrical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Dennis Cabrera García
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
| | - José Diogo da Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
| | - Vinicius Augusto Machado Nogueira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
| | - Guilherme de Souza Braga
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior
- Research Group on Energy & Energy Sustainability (GPEnSE), Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo Agostinho (UACSA), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cabo de Santo Agostinho 54518-430, PE, Brazil;
| | - Alain A. Quivy
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ioannis Kymissis
- Electrical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Fernando Josepetti Fonseca
- Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos (PSI), Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP), São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil; (J.E.E.I.); (D.C.G.); (J.D.d.S.O.); (V.A.M.N.); (G.d.S.B.)
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Sun C, Wang T. Organic thin-film transistors and related devices in life and health monitoring. Nano Res 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37359073 PMCID: PMC10102697 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The early determination of disease-related biomarkers can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. Thus, a series of explorations for new diagnosis technologies, such as optical and electrochemical methods, have been devoted to life and health monitoring. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), as a state-of-the-art nano-sensing technology, has attracted significant attention from construction to application owing to the merits of being label-free, low-cost, facial, and rapid detection with multi-parameter responses. Nevertheless, interference from non-specific adsorption is inevitable in complex biological samples such as body liquid and exhaled gas, so the reliability and accuracy of the biosensor need to be further improved while ensuring sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we overviewed the composition, mechanism, and construction strategies of OTFTs for the practical determination of disease-related biomarkers in both body fluids and exhaled gas. The results show that the realization of bio-inspired applications will come true with the rapid development of high-effective OTFTs and related devices. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Tie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
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Liu Z, Jiang T, Li Y, Lou Y, Zhang C, Li J, Sun Y, Chen X, Li L, Tian H, Ji D, Fei Z. Modulating the Alkylation Position on Terminal Thiophene Ring of Naphtho[2,3- b:6,7- b'] Bithieno[2,3- d] Thiophene (NBTT) for High-Performance Organic Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:16930-16941. [PMID: 36972413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several thiophene terminated thienoacenes with high mobilities in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been reported; however, the structure-property relationship of thiophene terminated thienoacenes was unclear, especially the impact of α or β position substitution of terminal thiophene ring on molecular packing and physicochemical properties. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a six-ring-fused naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b'] bithieno[2,3-d] thiophene (NBTT) and its derivatives 2,8-dioctyl-naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b'] bithieno [2,3-d] thiophene (2,8-C8NBTT) and 3,9-dioctyl-naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b'] bithieno [2,3-d] thiophene (3,9-C8NBTT). It is found that the alkylation on terminal thiophene ring can effectively tune the molecular stacking from a cofacial herringbone stacking mode (NBTT) to layer-by-layer packing (2,8-C8NBTT and 3,9-C8NBTT). Impressively, a hopping to "band-like" charge transport mechanism evolution of vacuum deposited films is realized by modulating the alkylation position on the terminal thiophene rings. As a result, the OTFTs based on 2,8-C8NBTT characterized by a "band-like" transport presents the highest mobility of 3.58 cm2 V-1 s-1 together with a remarkably high current on/off ratio around 109. Furthermore, organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on 2,8-C8NBTT thin film also exhibits higher photosensitivity (P) of 2.0 × 108, photoresponsivity (R) of 3.3 × 103 A W-1, and detectivity (D*) of 1.3 × 1016 Jones than those based on NBTT and 3,9-C8NBTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunpeng Lou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Lin L, Wang C, Deng Y, Geng Y. Isomerically Pure Oxindole-Terminated Quinoids for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors Enabled by the Chlorination of Quinoidal Core. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203336. [PMID: 36456528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Quinoidal compounds have great potential utility as high-performance organic semiconducting materials because of their rigid planar structures and extended π-conjugation. However, the existence of E and Z isomers adversely affects the charge-transport properties of quinoidal compounds. In this study, three isomerically pure oxindole-terminated quinoids were developed by introducing chlorine atoms in the quinoidal core. The synthesized quinoids were confirmed to have a Z,Z configuration by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Importantly, the strategy of chlorination allowed to maintain low-lying frontier molecular orbital energy levels and ensure favorable intermolecular packing. Consequently, all three quinoidal compounds showed n-type transport characteristics in organic thin-film transistors, with electron mobilities up to 0.35 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest value reported to date for oxindole-terminated quinoids. Our study can provide new guidelines for the design of isomerically pure quinoids with high electron mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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7
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Wang B, Xu T, Yu B, Zou J, Luan S. Optimization of Alkyl Side Chain Length in Polyimide for Gate Dielectrics to Achieve High Mobility and Outstanding Operational Stability in Organic Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:7204-7216. [PMID: 36709451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl chain modification strategies in both organic semiconductors and inorganic dielectrics play a crucial role in improving the performance of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Polyimide (PI) and its derivatives have received extensive attention as dielectrics for application in OTFTs because of flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and low cost. However, low-temperature solution processing PI-based gate dielectric for flexible OTFTs with high mobility, low operating voltage, and high operational stability remains an enormous challenge. Furthermore, even though di-n-decyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) is known to have very high mobility as an air-stable and high-performance organic semiconductor, the C10-DNTT-based TFTs on the PI gate dielectrics still showed relatively low mobility. Here, inspired by alkyl side chain engineering, we design and synthesize a series of PI materials with different alkyl side chain lengths and systematically investigate the PI surface properties and the evolution of organic semiconductor morphology deposited on PI surfaces during the variation of alkyl side chain lengths. It is found that the alkyl side chain length has a critical influence on the PI surface properties, as well as the grain size and molecular orientation of semiconductors. Good field-effect characteristics are obtained with high mobilities (up to 1.05 and 5.22 cm2/Vs, which are some of the best values reported to date), relatively low operating voltage, hysteresis-free behavior, and high operational stability in OTFTs. These results suggest that the strategy of optimizing alkyl side-chain lengths opens up a new research avenue for tuning semiconductor growth to enable high mobility and outstanding operational stability of PI-based OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotieliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
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8
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Ma S, Wang J, Feng K, Zhang H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Liu B, Li Y, An M, Gonzalez-Nuñez R, Ponce Ortiz R, Woo HY, Guo X. n-Type Polymer Semiconductors Based on Dithienylpyrazinediimide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1639-1651. [PMID: 36571844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of n-type organic semiconductors critically relies on the design and synthesis of highly electron-deficient building blocks with good solubility and small steric hindrance. We report here a strongly electron-deficient dithienylpyrazinediimide (TPDI) and its n-type semiconducting polymers. The pyrazine substitution leads to the resulting polymers with much lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and improved backbone planarity compared to the reported dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI)- and fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI)-based polymer analogues, thus yielding n-type transport character with an electron mobility up to 0.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors. These results demonstrate that dithienylpyrazinediimide is a highly promising electron-deficient building block for constructing high-performance n-type polymers and the incorporation of pyrazine into imide-functionalized (hetero)arenes is an effective strategy to develop n-type polymers with deep-lying frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels for organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Raúl Gonzalez-Nuñez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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9
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Taguchi K, Uemura T, Petritz A, Namba N, Akiyama M, Sugiyama M, Araki T, Stadlober B, Sekitani T. Fine-Tuning the Performance of Ultraflexible Organic Complementary Circuits on a Single Substrate via a Nanoscale Interfacial Photochemical Reaction. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2022; 4:6308-6321. [PMID: 36588622 PMCID: PMC9798987 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics has paved the way toward the development of next-generation wearable and implantable healthcare devices, including multimodal sensors. Integrating flexible circuits with transducers on a single substrate is desirable for processing vital signals. However, the trade-off between low power consumption and high operating speed is a major bottleneck. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are suitable for developing flexible circuits owing to their intrinsic flexibility and compatibility with the printing process. We used a photoreactive insulating polymer poly((±)endo,exo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, diphenylester) (PNDPE) to modulate the power consumption and operating speed of ultraflexible organic circuits fabricated on a single substrate. The turn-on voltage (V on) of the p- and n-type OTFTs was controlled through a nanoscale interfacial photochemical reaction. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed the preferential occurrence of the PNDPE photochemical reaction in the vicinity of the semiconductor-dielectric interface. The power consumption and operating speed of the ultraflexible complementary inverters were tuned by a factor of 6 and 4, respectively. The minimum static power consumption was 30 ± 9 pW at transient and 4 ± 1 pW at standby. Furthermore, within the tuning range of the operating speed and at a supply voltage above 2.5 V, the minimum stage delay time was of the order of hundreds of microseconds. We demonstrated electromyogram measurements to emphasize the advantage of the nanoscale interfacial photochemical reaction. Our study suggests that a nanoscale interfacial photochemical reaction can be employed to develop imperceptible and wearable multimodal sensors with organic signal processing circuits that exhibit low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Taguchi
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Petritz
- JOANNEUM
RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH MATERIALS-Institute for Surface
Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, Weiz 8160, Austria
| | - Naoko Namba
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mihoko Akiyama
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiyama
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- JOANNEUM
RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH MATERIALS-Institute for Surface
Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, Weiz 8160, Austria
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced
Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Höppner M, Kheradmand‐Boroujeni B, Vahland J, Sawatzki MF, Kneppe D, Ellinger F, Kleemann H. High-Frequency Operation of Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201660. [PMID: 35754312 PMCID: PMC9403633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high-frequency and low-voltage operation of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is a key requirement for the commercial success of flexible electronics. Significant progress has been achieved in this regard by several research groups highlighting the potential of OTFTs to operate at several tens or even above 100 MHz. However, technology maturity, including scalability, integrability, and device reliability, is another crucial point for the semiconductor industry to bring OTFT-based flexible electronics into mass production. These requirements are often not met by high-frequency OTFTs reported in the literature as unconventional processes, such as shadow-mask patterning or alignment with unrealistic tolerances for production, are used. Here, ultra-short channel vertical organic field-effect transistors (VOFETs) with a unity current gain cut-off frequency (fT ) up to 43.2 MHz (or 4.4 MHz V-1 ) operating below 10 V are shown. Using state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques such as photolithography with reliable fabrication procedures, the integration of such devices down to the size of only 12 × 6 µm2 is shown, which is important for the adaption of this technology in high-density circuits (e.g., display driving). The intrinsic channel transconductance is analyzed and demonstrates that the frequencies up to 430 MHz can be reached if the parasitic electrode overlap is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Höppner
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Bahman Kheradmand‐Boroujeni
- Chair of Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtz Str. 1801069DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenWürzburgerstr. 4601187DresdenGermany
| | - Jörn Vahland
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Franz Sawatzki
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - David Kneppe
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Frank Ellinger
- Chair of Circuit Design and Network Theory (CCN)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtz Str. 1801069DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenWürzburgerstr. 4601187DresdenGermany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
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11
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Wang Z, Gao M, He C, Shi W, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Unraveling the Molar Mass Dependence of Shearing-Induced Aggregation Structure of a High-Mobility Polymer Semiconductor. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108255. [PMID: 34850998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-structure formation of conjugated polymers is a fundamental problem in the field of organic electronics and remains poorly understood. Herein, the molar mass dependence of the aggregation structure of a high-mobility conjugated copolymer (TDPP-Se) comprising thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and selenophene is thoroughly shown. Five batches of TDPP-Se are prepared with the number-average molecular weights (Mn ) varied greatly from 21 to 135 kg mol-1 . Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy are combined to probe the solution structure of these polymers, consistently using a deuterated solvent. All the polymers adopt 1D rod-like aggregation structures and the radius of the 1D rods is not sensitive to the Mn , while the length increases monotonically with Mn . By utilizing the ordered packing of the aggregated structure in solution, a highly aligned and ordered film is prepared and, thereafter, a reliable hole mobility of 13.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 is realized in organic thin-film transistors with the moderate Mn batch via bar coating. The hole mobility is among the highest values reported for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. This work paves the way to visualize the real aggregated structure of polymer semiconductors in solution and sheds light on the microstructure control of high-performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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12
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Gutierrez‐Fernandez E, Scaccabarozzi AD, Basu A, Solano E, Anthopoulos TD, Martín J. Y6 Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Electron Mobilities of 2.4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 via Microstructural Tuning. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104977. [PMID: 34854574 PMCID: PMC8728851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand to attain organic materials with high electron mobility, μe , as current reliable reported values are significantly lower than those exhibited by their hole mobility counterparts. Here, it is shown that a well-known nonfullerene-acceptor commonly used in organic solar cells, that is, BTP-4F (aka Y6), enables solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFT) with a μe as high as 2.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This value is comparable to those of state-of-the-art n-type OTFTs, opening up a plethora of new possibilities for this class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Such efficient charge transport is linked to a readily achievable highly ordered crystalline phase, whose peculiar structural properties are thoroughly discussed. This work proves that structurally ordered nonfullerene acceptors can exhibit intrinsically high mobility and introduces a new approach in the quest of high μe organic materials, as well as new guidelines for future materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo Solano
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceNCD‐SWEET BeamlineCerdanyola del Vallès08290Spain
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUAv. de Tolosa 72San Sebastián20018Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48013Spain
- University of A CoruñaGroup of PolymersCentro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT)Esteiro CampusFerrol15471Spain
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13
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Tang X, Jo Y, Kwon HJ, Wu K, Li Z, Kim S, Park CE, An TK, Lee J, Kim SH. Electrohydrodynamic-Jet-Printed Cinnamate-Fluorinated Cross-Linked Polymeric Dielectrics for Flexible and Electrically Stable Operating Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Integrated Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50149-50162. [PMID: 34636542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, printable polymer series containing different portions of cinnamate and perfluorinated phenyl functionalities, namely, polyperfluorostyrene-co-poly(vinylbenzyl cinnamates) (PFS-co-PVBCi (x:y)) copolymers, were synthesized and applied as gate dielectrics for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The polymeric dielectrics were successfully printed via electrostatic force-assisted dispensing mode of electrohydrodynamic jet printing. The dielectric characteristics of the printed polymers, such as surface energy, dielectric constant, leakage current, atomic depth profiles, and deposited semiconducting layer characteristics, were clearly identified. In particular, the difference in driving stability of OTFTs according to the type of polymer was analyzed in detail and a possible mechanism was proposed. Results suggested that PFS-co-PVBCi (3:7) led to optimized consequences, yielding an almost negligible Vth shift under continuous bias stress. Through this, we successfully implemented flexible OTFT and logic devices using printed PFS-co-PVBCi (3:7) dielectrics with stable operation properties. Therefore, we believe that this study will facilitate the printing and synthesis of polymer dielectrics to produce printed and flexible OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Tang
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Jo
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaibin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhijun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Kim
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Eon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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14
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Li L, Li W, Sun Q, Liu X, Jiu J, Tenjimbayashi M, Kanehara M, Nakayama T, Minari T. Dual Surface Architectonics for Directed Self-Assembly of Ultrahigh-Resolution Electronics. Small 2021; 17:e2101754. [PMID: 33988898 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly of electronic circuits using functional metallic inks has attracted intensive attention because of its high compatibility with extensive applications ranging from soft printed circuits to wearable devices. However, the typical resolution of conventional self-assembly technologies is not sufficient for practical applications in the rapidly evolving additively manufactured electronics (AMEs) market. Herein, an ultrahigh-resolution self-assembly strategy is reported based on a dual-surface-architectonics (DSA) process. Inspired by the Tokay gecko, the approach is to endow submicrometer-scale surface regions with strong adhesion force toward metallic inks via a series of photoirradiation and chemical polarization treatments. The prepared DSA surface enables the directed self-assembly of electronic circuits with unprecedented 600 nm resolution, suppresses the coffee-ring effect, and results in a reliable conductivity of 14.1 ± 0.6 µΩ cm. Furthermore, the DSA process enables the layer-by-layer fabrication of fully printed organic thin-film transistors with a short channel length of 1 µm, which results in a large on-off ratio of 106 and a high field-effect mobility of 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Li
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wanli Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jinting Jiu
- Solder Technical Center, Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd., Senju Hashido-cho 23, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8555, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Tomonobu Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takeo Minari
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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15
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Ogawa T, Kuzuhara D. Controlled Fabrication and Characterization of Coronene Diimide-Based Insoluble Thin Films Produced by Photoinduced Cyclization. Chempluschem 2021; 86:852-857. [PMID: 34110711 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An insoluble thin film of a coronene diimide (CDI) derivative was fabricated from a soluble precursor of perylene diimide (PDI) by photoirradiation. We prepared a 1,7-diarylated PDI (TP-PDI) that can be converted into a coronene diimide (TP-CDI) derivative via a Scholl-type photocyclization reaction. This reaction was accompanied by structural changes from a twisted structure to a π-extended planar molecule. It was found that this photoconversion reaction occurs for both solution-based and thin-film-based reactants investigated by the changes of UV-vis absorption spectra and 1 H NMR spectra. The photocyclization reactions were found to proceed smoothly in polar solvents. In the thin-film state, the solvent vapor annealing method is a key process for achieving photoconversion reaction. Additionally, the fabrication of multi-layered thin films was achieved without undesirable dissolution of the underlying layers because of different solubilities of TP-PDI and TP-CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
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16
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Hou S, Shao B, Yu X, Yu J. Gold nanorods doping induced performance improvement of room temperature OTFT NO 2sensors. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:325503. [PMID: 33957611 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfe90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are regarded as the promising candidates for low-cost gas sensors due to their advantages of high throughput, large-area and sensitive to various gas analytes. Microstructure control of organic active layers in OTFTs is an effective route to improve the sensing performance. In this work, we report a simple method to modify the morphology of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) thin films via doping gold nanorods (Au NRs) for enhancing the performance of the corresponding OTFT sensors for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection. With the optimized doping ratio of Au nanorods, the TIPS-pentacene OTFT snesors not only exhibit a 3-fold increase in mobility, but also obtain a high sensitivity of 70% to 18 ppm NO2with a detection limit of 270 ppb. The microstructures and morphologies of the modified TIPS-pentacene thin film characterized by atomic force microscopy and field scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that the proper addition of Au NRs could effectively regulate the grain size of TIPS-pentacene, and therein control the density of grain boundaries during the crystallization, which is essential for the high-performance gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
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17
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Han MJ, Lee DW, Lee EK, Kim JY, Jung JY, Kang H, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Yoon DK, Park JI. Molecular Orientation Control of Liquid Crystal Organic Semiconductor for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11125-11133. [PMID: 33630587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The control of molecular orientation and ordering of liquid crystal (LC) organic semiconductor (OSC) for high-performance and thermally stable organic thin-film transistors is investigated. A liquid crystalline molecule, 2-(4-dodecyl thiophenyl)[1]dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C12-Th-DBTTT) is synthesized, showing the highly ordered smectic X (SmX) phase, demonstrating molecular reorganization via thermal annealing. The resulting thermally evaporated polycrystalline film and solution-sheared thin film show high charge carrier mobilities of 9.08 and 27.34 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analyses prove that the random SmA1-like structure (smectic monolayer) is reorganized to the highly ordered SmA2-like structure (smectic bilayer) of C12-Ph-DBTTT at the crystal-SmX transition temperature region. Because of the strong intermolecular interactions between rigid DBTTT cores, the thin film devices of C12-Th-DBTTT show excellent thermal stability up to 300 °C, indicating that LC characterization of conventional OSC materials can obtain high electrical performance as well as superior thermal durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Han
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Wook Lee
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Park
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Yongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ye X, Zhao X, Wang S, Wei Z, Lv G, Yang Y, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Blurred Electrode for Low Contact Resistance in Coplanar Organic Transistors. ACS Nano 2021; 15:1155-1166. [PMID: 33337129 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient charge injection and transport across the electrode/semiconductor contact edge severely limits the device performance of coplanar organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). To date, various approaches have been implemented to address the adverse contact problems of coplanar OTFTs. However, these approaches mainly focused on reducing the injection resistance and failed to effectively lower the access resistance. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy by utilizing the blurring effect during the deposition of metal electrodes, to significantly reduce the access resistance. We find that the transition region formed by the blurring behavior can continuously tune the molecular packing and thin-film growth of organic semiconductors across the contact edge, as well as provide continuously distributed gap states for carrier tunnelling. Based on this versatile strategy, the fabricated dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) coplanar OTFT shows a high field-effect mobility of 6.08 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a low contact resistance of 2.32 kΩ cm, comparable to the staggered OTFTs fabricated simultaneously. Our work addresses the crucial impediments for further reducing the contact resistance in coplanar OTFTs, which represents a significant step of contact injection engineering in organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ye
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhan Wei
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guangshuang Lv
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Cranston RR, Vebber MC, Berbigier JF, Rice NA, Tonnelé C, Comeau ZJ, Boileau NT, Brusso JL, Shuhendler AJ, Castet F, Muccioli L, Kelly TL, Lessard BH. Thin-Film Engineering of Solution-Processable n-Type Silicon Phthalocyanines for Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1008-1020. [PMID: 33370100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metalloid phthalocyanines are an abundant and established class of materials widely used in the dye and pigment industry as well as in commercial photoreceptors. Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are among the highest-performing n-type semiconductor materials in this family when used in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as their performance and solid-state arrangement are often increased through axial substitution. Herein, we study eight axially substituted SiPcs and their integration into solution-processed n-type OTFTs. Electrical characterization of the OTFTs, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), determined that the length of the alkyl chain affects device performance and thin-film morphology. The effects of high-temperature annealing and spin coating time on film formation, two key processing steps for fabrication of OTFTs, were investigated by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the relationship between thin-film microstructure and device performance. Thermal annealing was shown to change both film crystallinity and SiPc molecular orientation relative to the substrate surface. Spin time affected film crystallinity, morphology, and interplanar d-spacing, thus ultimately modifying device performance. Of the eight materials studied, bis(tri-n-butylsilyl oxide) SiPc exhibited the greatest electron field-effect mobility (0.028 cm2 V-1 s-1, a threshold voltage of 17.6 V) of all reported solution-processed SiPc derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary R Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jônatas Faleiro Berbigier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- Donostia International Physics Center, 4 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Zachary J Comeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicholas T Boileau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jaclyn L Brusso
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, 4 Viale Risorgimento, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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20
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Hou S, Zhuang X, Fan H, Yu J. Grain Boundary Control of Organic Semiconductors via Solvent Vapor Annealing for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21010226. [PMID: 33401403 PMCID: PMC7794992 DOI: 10.3390/s21010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of the organic semiconductor (OSC) active layer is one of the crucial topics to improve the sensing performance of gas sensors. Herein, we introduce a simple solvent vapor annealing (SVA) process to control 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) OSC films morphology and thus yields high-sensitivity nitrogen organic thin-film transistor (OTFT)-based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors. Compared to pristine devices, the toluene SVA-treated devices exhibit an order of magnitude responsivity enhancement to 10 ppm NO2, further with a limit of detection of 148 ppb. Systematic studies on the microstructure of the TIPS-pentacene films reveal the large density grain boundaries formed by the SVA process, improving the capability for the adsorption of gas molecules, thus causing high-sensitivity to NO2. This simple SVA processing strategy provides an effective and reliable access for realizing high-sensitivity OTFT NO2 sensors.
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21
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Cavallari MR, Pastrana LM, Sosa CDF, Marquina AMR, Izquierdo JEE, Fonseca FJ, Amorim CA, Paterno LG, Kymissis I. Organic Thin-Film Transistors as Gas Sensors: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2020; 14:E3. [PMID: 33375044 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are miniaturized devices based upon the electronic responses of organic semiconductors. In comparison to their conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors are cheaper, can undergo reversible doping processes and may have electronic properties chiefly modulated by molecular engineering approaches. More recently, OTFTs have been designed as gas sensor devices, displaying remarkable performance for the detection of important target analytes, such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the working principle of OTFTs for gas sensing, with concise descriptions of devices’ architectures and parameter extraction based upon a constant charge carrier mobility model. Then, it moves on with methods of device fabrication and physicochemical descriptions of the main organic semiconductors recently applied to gas sensors (i.e., since 2015 but emphasizing even more recent results). Finally, it describes the achievements of OTFTs in the detection of important gas pollutants alongside an outlook toward the future of this exciting technology.
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22
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Comeau ZJ, Facey GA, Harris CS, Shuhendler AJ, Lessard BH. Engineering Cannabinoid Sensors through Solution-Based Screening of Phthalocyanines. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50692-50702. [PMID: 33125212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have shown promise for a range of sensing applications, with phthalocyanine-based OTFTs demonstrated as sensors for atmospheric parameters, volatile gases, and small organic molecules including cannabinoids. However, the process of fabricating, testing, and optimizing OTFTs in a laboratory setting requires highly specialized equipment, materials, and expertise. To determine if sensor development can be expedited and thus reduce manufacturing burden, spectroelectrochemistry is applied to rapidly screen for molecular interactions between metal-free phthalocyanines and a variety of metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) and the cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), with and without a cannabinoid-sensitive chromophore (Fast Blue BB). Spectral analyses are corroborated by 2D-NMR and related to measured OTFT performance. Spectroelectrochemical changes to the Q band region of the phthalocyanine spectra in the presence of analytes can be used to predict the response of OTFTs. Thus, with spectroelectrochemistry, a range of potential materials for OTFT small organic molecule-sensing applications can be quickly analyzed, and phthalocyanines with a preferred response can be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Comeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Glenn A Facey
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cory S Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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23
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Song R, Yao S, Liu Y, Wang H, Dong J, Zhu Y, O'Connor BT. Facile Approach to Fabricating Stretchable Organic Transistors with Laser-Patterned Ag Nanowire Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50675-50683. [PMID: 33136358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are poised to revolutionize personal healthcare and robotics, where they enable distributed and conformal sensors. Transistors are fundamental building blocks of electronics, and there is a need to produce stretchable transistors using low-cost and scalable fabrication techniques. Here, we introduce a facile fabrication approach using laser patterning and transfer printing to achieve high-performance, solution-processed intrinsically stretchable organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The device consists of Ag nanowire (NW) electrodes, where the source and drain electrodes are patterned using laser ablation. The Ag NWs are then partially embedded in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. The electrodes are combined with a PDMS dielectric and polymer semiconductor, where the layers are individually transfer printed to complete the OTFT. Two polymer semiconductors, DPP-DTT and DPP-4T, are considered and show stable operation under the cyclic strain of 20 and 40%, respectively. The OTFTs maintain electrical performance by adopting a buckled structure after the first stretch-release cycle. The conformability and stretchability of the OTFT is also demonstrated by operating the transistor while adhered to a finger being flexed. The ability to pattern highly conductive Ag NW networks using laser ablation to pattern electrodes as well as interconnects provides a simple strategy to produce complex stretchable OTFT-based circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiao Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jingyan Dong
- Department of Industrial and System Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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24
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Ganguly A, He K, Hendsbee AD, Abdelsamie M, Bennett RN, Li Y, Toney MF, Kelly TL. Synthesis of Poly(bisisoindigo) Using a Metal-Free Aldol Polymerization for Thin-Film Transistor Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14265-14271. [PMID: 32118407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Typical syntheses of conjugated polymers rely heavily on organometallic reagents and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Here, we show that an environmentally benign aldol polymerization can be used to synthesize poly(bisisoindigo), an analog of polyisoindigo with a ring-fused structural repeat unit. Owing to its extended conjugation length, poly(bisisoindigo) absorbs across the UV/vis/NIR spectrum, with an absorption tail that reaches 1000 nm. Due to the four electron-deficient lactam units on each repeat unit, poly(bisoindigo) possesses a low-lying LUMO, which lies at -3.94 eV relative to vacuum. Incorporation of the ring-fused monomer unit also lowered the overall torsional strain in the polymer backbone (relative to polyisoindigo), and the polymer was successfully used in prototype unipolar n-channel organic thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Raymond N Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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25
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Zhang Y, Tang L, Sun H, Ling S, Yang K, Uddin MA, Guo H, Tang Y, Wang Y, Feng K, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang S, Woo HY, Guo X. Fused Bithiophene Imide Oligomer and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for n-Type Thin-Film Transistors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900394. [PMID: 31702099 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based copolymers have received considerable attention as promising semiconducting materials for high-performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). However, these polymers typically exhibit p-type or ambipolar charge-transporting characteristics in OTFTs due to their high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. In this work, a new series of DPP-based n-type polymers have been developed by incorporating fused bithiophene imide oligomers (BTIn) into DPP polymers. The resulting copolymers BTIn-DPP show narrow band gaps as low as 1.27 eV and gradually down-shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels upon the increment of imide group number. Benefiting from the coplanar backbone conformation, well-delocalized π-system, and favorable polymer chain packing, the optimal polymer in the series shows promising n-type charge transport with an electron mobility up to 0.48 cm2 V-1 s-1 in OTFTs, which is among the highest values for the DPP-based n-type polymers reported to date. The results demonstrate that incorporating fused bithiophene imide oligomers into polymers can serve as a promising strategy for constructing high-performance n-type polymeric semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Ling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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26
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Kondo M, Uemura T, Ishiwari F, Kajitani T, Shoji Y, Morita M, Namba N, Inoue Y, Noda Y, Araki T, Fukushima T, Sekitani T. Ultralow-Noise Organic Transistors Based on Polymeric Gate Dielectrics with Self-Assembled Modifiers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41561-41569. [PMID: 31594305 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultralow 1/f noise organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on parylene gate dielectrics modified with triptycene (Trip) modifiers were fabricated. The fabricated OTFTs showed the lowest 1/f noise level among those of previously reported OTFTs. It is well known that 1/f noise causes degradation of signal integrity in analog and digital circuits. However, conventional OTFTs still possess high 1/f noise levels, and the factors that strongly affect 1/f noise are still ambiguous. In this work, the effect of gate dielectric surface on 1/f noise was investigated. First, by comparing OTFTs composed of various channel lengths, we revealed that contact resistance did not affect 1/f noise. Second, we compared parylene OTFTs with and without a self-assembled Trip modifier layer in terms of 1/f noise and trap density of states (Trap DOS). The experiments revealed that a specific Trip modifier layer suppresses the shallow Trap DOS in the OTFTs, leading to a low 1/f noise. Moreover, the 1/f noise level and Trap DOS of various kinds of OTFTs were comprehensively compared, which highlighted that the 1/f noise of OTFTs strongly depends on the gate dielectric surface. Finally, detailed analysis of the gate dielectric interface led us to conclude that the disorder of gate dielectrics and the crystalline quality of semiconductor films are related to shallow Trap DOS, which correlates with 1/f noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kondo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1, Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Photonics Center P3 Bldg. 2-1 , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Photonics Center P3 Bldg. 2-1 , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Masato Morita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Naoko Namba
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Photonics Center P3 Bldg. 2-1 , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Yumi Inoue
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yuki Noda
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1, Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Photonics Center P3 Bldg. 2-1 , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1, Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Photonics Center P3 Bldg. 2-1 , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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27
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Comeau ZJ, Boileau NT, Lee T, Melville OA, Rice NA, Troung Y, Harris CS, Lessard BH, Shuhendler AJ. On-the-Spot Detection and Speciation of Cannabinoids Using Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2706-2715. [PMID: 31453690 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quality control is imperative for Cannabis since the primary cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), elicit very different pharmacological effects. THC/CBD ratios are currently determined by techniques not readily accessible by consumers or dispensaries and which are impractical for use in the field by law-enforcement agencies. CuPc- and F16-CuPc-based organic thin-film transistors have been combined with a cannabinoid-sensitive chromophore for the detection and differentiation of THC and CBD. The combined use of these well-characterized and inexpensive p- and n-type materials afforded the determination of the CBD/THC ratio from rapid plant extracts, with results indistinguishable from high-pressure liquid chromatography. Analysis of the prepyrolyzed sample accurately predicted postpyrolysis THC/CBD, which ultimately influences the psychotropic and medicinal effects of the specific plant. The devices were also capable of vapor-phase sensing, producing a unique electrical output for THC and CBD relative to other potentially interfering vaporized organic products. The analysis of complex medicinal plant extracts and vapors, normally reserved for advanced analytical infrastructure, can be achieved with ease, at low cost, and on the spot, using organic thin-film transistors.
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28
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Feng K, Zhang X, Wu Z, Shi Y, Su M, Yang K, Wang Y, Sun H, Min J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Woo HY, Guo X. Fluorine-Substituted Dithienylbenzodiimide-Based n-Type Polymer Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:35924-35934. [PMID: 31525945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Imide functionalization is one of the most effective approaches to develop electron-deficient building blocks for constructing n-type organic semiconductors. Driven by the attractive properties of imide-functionalized dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI) and the promising device performance of TBDI-based polymers, a novel acceptor with increased electron affinity, fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI), was designed with the hydrogen replaced by fluorine on the benzene core, and the synthetic challenges associated with this highly electron-deficient fluorinated imide building block are successfully overcome. TFBDI showed suppressed frontier molecular orbital energy levels as compared with TBDI. Copolymerizing this new electron-withdrawing TBDI with various donor co-units afforded a series of n-type polymer semiconductors TFBDI-T, TFBDI-Se, and TFBDI-BSe. All these TFBDI-based polymers exhibited a lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than the polymer analogue without fluorine. When applied in organic thin-film transistors, three polymers showed unipolar electron transport with large on-current/off-current ratios (Ion/Ioff) of 105-107. Among them, the selenophene-based polymer TFBDI-Se with the deepest-positioned LUMO and optimal chain stacking exhibited the highest electron mobility of 0.30 cm2 V-1 s-1. This result demonstrates that the new TFBDI is a highly attractive electron-deficient unit for enabling n-type polymer semiconductors, and the fluorination of imide-functionalized arenes offers an effective approach to develop more electron-deficient building blocks in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , South Korea
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-713 , South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
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29
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Park K, Shin EY, Jiao X, McNeill CR, Kim YH, Kwon SK, Noh YY. Effect of Backbone Sequence of a Naphthalene Diimide-Based Copolymer on Performance in n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:35185-35192. [PMID: 31452373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report two newly synthesized naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based conjugated polymers, poly[(E)-2,7-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone-vinylene-thiophene-vinylene] (PNDI-VTV) and poly[(E)-2,7-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone-vinylene-selenophene-vinylene] (PNDI-VSV) with different donor units as electron-transporting organic semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Furthermore, we study the effect of vinylene position on electron transport in the NDI polymers by using two similar polymers but with thiophene-vinylene-thiophene (PNDI-TVT) instead of vinylene-thiophene-vinylene or selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (PNDI-SVS) instead of vinylene-selenophene-vinylene. By incorporating vinylene between thiophene (or selenophene) units, the resulting NDI-based polymers PNDI-VTV and PNDI-VSV show larger backbone planarity than PNDI-TVT and PNDI-SVS. The polymers with a shorter acceptor monomer unit (PNDI-VTV and PNDI-VSV) show a strong face-on orientation, whereas those with a longer monomer unit (PNDI-TVT and SVS) exhibit a mixed face-on and edge-on orientation by two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Optimized PNDI-VTV and PNDI-VSV OFETs exhibit electron mobilities of 0.043 and 0.7 cm2/(V·s), which is quite lower than those of PNDI-TVT and PNDI-SVS. In addition, the activation energies for electron transport of PNDI-VTV and PNDI-VSV were larger than those of PNDI-TVT and PNDI-SVS. Overall, this research provides the insight that the molecular alignment on the substrate can be controlled by the sequence of rigid acceptor monomer molecules for improving the electron transport of NDI polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghun Park
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Yong Shin
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Australian Synchrotron , ANSTO , 800 Blackburn Road , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Gyeongsang National University and RIGET , 900, Gajwa-dong , Jinju , Gyeongnam 660-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Chengam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , 37673 , Republic of Korea
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30
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Acharya R, Peng B, Chan PKL, Schmitz G, Klauk H. Achieving Ultralow Turn-On Voltages in Organic Thin-Film Transistors: Investigating Fluoroalkylphosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayer Hybrid Dielectrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:27104-27111. [PMID: 31267732 PMCID: PMC6750643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The properties of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) and thus their ability to address specific circuit design requirements depend greatly on the choice of the materials, particularly the organic semiconductor and the gate dielectric. For a particular organic semiconductor, the TFT performance must be reviewed for different combinations of substrates, fabrication conditions, and the choice of the gate dielectric in order to achieve the optimum TFT and circuit characteristics. We have fabricated and characterized organic TFTs based on the small-molecule organic semiconductor 2,7-diphenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene in combination with an ultrathin hybrid gate dielectric consisting of aluminum oxide and a self-assembled monolayer. Fluoroalkylphosphonic acids with chain lengths ranging from 6 to 14 carbon atoms have been used to form the self-assembled monolayer in the gate dielectric, and their influence on the TFT characteristics has been studied. By optimizing the fabrication conditions, a turn-on voltage of 0 V with an on/off current ratio above 106 has been achieved, in combination with charge-carrier mobilities up to 0.4 cm2/V s on flexible plastic substrates and 1 cm2/V s on silicon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Acharya
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- E-mail: (R.A.)
| | - Boyu Peng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paddy K. L. Chan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guido Schmitz
- Institute
of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- E-mail: (H.K.)
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31
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Paterson AF, Tsetseris L, Li R, Basu A, Faber H, Emwas AH, Panidi J, Fei Z, Niazi MR, Anjum DH, Heeney M, Anthopoulos TD. Addition of the Lewis Acid Zn(C 6 F 5 ) 2 Enables Organic Transistors with a Maximum Hole Mobility in Excess of 20 cm 2 V -1 s -1. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900871. [PMID: 31074923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating the molecular organic Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6 F5 )3 ] into organic semiconductors has shown remarkable promise in recent years for controlling the operating characteristics and performance of various opto/electronic devices, including, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Despite the demonstrated potential, however, to date most of the work has been limited to B(C6 F5 )3 with the latter serving as the prototypical air-stable molecular Lewis acid system. Herein, the use of bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc [Zn(C6 F5 )2 ] is reported as an alternative Lewis acid additive in high-hole-mobility OTFTs based on small-molecule:polymer blends comprising 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno [3,2-b][1]benzothiophene and indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole. Systematic analysis of the materials and device characteristics supports the hypothesis that Zn(C6 F5 )2 acts simultaneously as a p-dopant and a microstructure modifier. It is proposed that it is the combination of these synergistic effects that leads to OTFTs with a maximum hole mobility value of 21.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The work not only highlights Zn(C6 F5 )2 as a promising new additive for next-generation optoelectronic devices, but also opens up new avenues in the search for high-mobility organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F Paterson
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GR-15780, Greece
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Muhammad R Niazi
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Kim SJ, Kim H, Ahn J, Hwang DK, Ju H, Park MC, Yang H, Kim SH, Jang HW, Lim JA. A New Architecture for Fibrous Organic Transistors Based on a Double-Stranded Assembly of Electrode Microfibers for Electronic Textile Applications. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900564. [PMID: 30977567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a unique device architecture is proposed for fibrous organic transistors based on a double-stranded assembly of electrode microfibers for electronic textile applications. A key feature of this work is that the semiconductor channel of the fiber transistor comprises a twist assembly of the source and drain electrode microfibers that are coated by an organic semiconductor. This architecture not only allows the channel dimension of the device to be readily controlled by varying the thickness of the semiconductor layer and the twisted length of the two electrode microfibers, but also passivates the device without affecting interconnections with other electrical components. It is found that the control of crystalline nanostructure of the semiconductor layer is critical for improving both the production yield of the device and the charge-carrier transport in the device. The resulting fibrous organic transistors show a high output current of over -5 mA at a low operation voltage of -1.3 V and a good on/off current ratio of 105 . The device performance is maintained after repeated bending deformation and washing with a strong detergent solution. Application of the fibrous organic transistors to switch current-driven LED devices and detection of electrocardiography signals from a human body are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungjun Kim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Yutronkie NJ, Grant TM, Melville OA, Lessard BH, Brusso JL. Old Molecule, New Chemistry: Exploring Silicon Phthalocyanines as Emerging N-Type Materials in Organic Electronics. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1334. [PMID: 31022864 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc) eliminating the strenuous reaction conditions and hazardous reagents required by classical methods is described. Implementation into organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) affords average electron field-effect mobility of 3.1 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and threshold voltage of 25.6 V for all synthetic routes. These results demonstrate that our novel chemistry can lead to high performing SiPc-based n-type OTFTs.
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34
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Lin FJ, Chen HH, Tao YT. Molecularly Aligned Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene Films by Brush-Coating and Their Application in Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:10801-10809. [PMID: 30793587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile Chinese brush-coating method was used to prepare oriented thin films of hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives on the silicon substrate. As a result of the directional solution-coating, the D3 h-symmetry (HBC-1,3,5-Ph-C12) and the C1-symmetry (HBC-1,2,4-Ph-C12) derivatives displayed an anisotropic alignment, with mostly edge-on orientation on SiO2 surfaces modified with various silane-based monolayers. On these silane-modified surfaces, the higher symmetry molecule HBC-1,3,5-Ph-C12 developed a hexagonally packed superstructure, which provided greater π orbital overlap and presumably the electronic coupling between neighboring molecules. In particular, the use of an octyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified surface enabled brush-coated thin films to have higher anisotropic orientation, crystallinity, and favorable molecular arrangement. In contrast, the growth of the hexagonal packing of low-symmetry derivative HBC-1,2,4-Ph-C12 was only achieved on the phenyltrichlorosilane and OTS surfaces. Thin-film transistors based on these brush-coated films gave a maximum mobility of 0.1 and 0.056 cm2 V-1 s-1, which are 2 orders of magnitude improvement over the devices with unoriented films prepared by spin-coating. The results indicate that the molecular packing of discotic liquid crystals on the silane-modified surface is sensitively influenced by the molecular symmetry, which affects intermolecular interactions as well as molecule/surface interactions. This study provides a simple way to fabricate aligned films for HBC derivatives for transistor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ju Lin
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 115 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Kaohsiung Normal University , 824 Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , 115 Taipei , Taiwan
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35
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Ho D, Ozdemir R, Kim H, Earmme T, Usta H, Kim C. BODIPY-Based Semiconducting Materials for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Transistors. Chempluschem 2018; 84:18-37. [PMID: 31950740 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of organic (opto)electronics as a promising alternative to conventional (opto)electronics has been achieved through the design and development of novel π-conjugated systems. Among various semiconducting structural platforms, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) π-systems have recently attracted attention for use in organic thin-films transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This Review article provides an overview of the developments in the past 10 years on the structural design and synthesis of BODIPY-based organic semiconductors and their application in OTFT/OPV devices. The findings summarized and discussed here include the most recent breakthroughs in BODIPYs with record-high charge carrier mobilities and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The most up-to-date design rationales and discussions providing a strong understanding of structure-property-function relationships in BODIPY-based semiconductors are presented. Thus, this review is expected to inspire new research for future materials developments/applications in this family of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Hyungsug Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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36
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He Y, Guo S, He Y, Murtaza I, Li A, Zeng X, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Meng H. Investigating the Thermal Stability of Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Phototransistors Based on [1]-Benzothieno-[3,2-b]-[1]-benzothiophene Dimeric Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:16595-16602. [PMID: 30102437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two new highly thermally stable [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) dimeric derivatives, namely 1,4-bis([1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene-2-yl)benzene (BTBT-Ph-BTBT) and 4,4'-bis([1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene-2-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (BTBT-DPh-BTBT), were synthesized by combining two simple fragment structures. Compared to the monomer compound 2-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT, μmax =3.4×10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), the organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on BTBT-Ph-BTBT and BTBT-DPh-BTBT showed significantly higher mobility (up to 2.5 and 3.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 for BTBT-Ph-BTBT and BTBT-DPh-BTBT, respectively). The mobility of OTFTs based on BTBT-Ph-BTBT was kept at a high value (2.4×10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) after the devices were thermally annealed at 350 °C. Furthermore, the organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on BTBT-Ph-BTBT and BTBT-DPh-BTBT displayed high photosensitivities in a range of 250-400 nm with a low intensity, making these materials potentially applicable for sensitive optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Guo
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Imran Murtaza
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000), Pakistan
| | - Aiyuan Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Xianzhe Zeng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Yitong Guo
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055), P. R. China
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Nketia-Yawson B, Jung AR, Nguyen HD, Lee KK, Kim B, Noh YY. Difluorobenzothiadiazole and Selenophene-Based Conjugated Polymer Demonstrating an Effective Hole Mobility Exceeding 5 cm 2 V -1 s -1 with Solid-State Electrolyte Dielectric. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:32492-32500. [PMID: 30129359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of a new poly(4-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2-yl)-7-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-(selenophene-2-yl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PDFDSe) polymer based on planar 4,7-bis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DFD) moieties and selenophene linkages. The planar backboned PDFDSe polymer exhibits highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of -5.13 and -3.56 eV, respectively, and generates well-packed highly crystalline states in films with exclusive edge-on orientations. PDFDSe thin film was incorporated as a channel material in top-gate bottom-contact organic thin-film transistor with a solid-state electrolyte gate insulator (SEGI) composed of poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene)/poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluroropropylene)/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, which exhibited a remarkably high hole mobility up to μ = 20.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 corresponding to effective hole mobility exceeding 5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a very low threshold voltage of -1 V. These device characteristics are associated with the high carrier density in the semiconducting channel region, induced by the high capacitance of the SEGI layer. The excellent carrier mobility from the PDFDSe/SEGI device demonstrates a great potential of semiconducting polymer thin-film transistors as electronic components in future electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil , Jung-gu, Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Jung
- Department of Science Education , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hieu Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Kunsan-si 54150 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Kunsan-si 54150 , Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Science Education , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil , Jung-gu, Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
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38
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Ren H, Cui N, Tang Q, Tong Y, Zhao X, Liu Y. High-Performance, Ultrathin, Ultraflexible Organic Thin-Film Transistor Array Via Solution Process. Small 2018; 14:e1801020. [PMID: 29999243 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have received extensive attention due to their outstanding advantages, such as extreme flexibility, good conformability, ultralight weight, and compatibility with low-cost and large-area solution-processed techniques. However, compared with the rigid substrates, it still remains a challenge to fabricate high-performance ultrathin OTFTs. In this study, a high-performance ultrathin 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) OTFT array is demonstrated via a simple spin-coating method, with mobility as high as 11 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average mobility: 7.22 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), on/off current ratio of over 106 , switching current of >1 mA, and a good yield ratio as high as 100%. The ultrathin thickness at ≈380 nm and the ultralight weight at ≈0.89 g m-2 enable the free-standing OTFTs to imperceptibly adhere onto human skin, and even a damselfly wing without affecting its flying. More importantly, the OTFTs show good electrical characteristics and mechanical stability when conformed onto the curved surfaces and even folded in a book after 100 folding cycles. These results illustrate the broad application potential of this simply fabricated ultrathin OTFT in next-generation electronics such as foldable displays and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cui
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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Shi Y, Guo H, Qin M, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Facchetti A, Lu X, Guo X. Thiazole Imide-Based All-Acceptor Homopolymer: Achieving High-Performance Unipolar Electron Transport in Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Adv Mater 2018; 30:1705745. [PMID: 29337389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-performance unipolar n-type polymer semiconductors are critical for advancing the field of organic electronics, which relies on the design and synthesis of new electron-deficient building blocks with good solubilizing capability, favorable geometry, and optimized electrical properties. Herein, two novel imide-functionalized thiazoles, 5,5'-bithiazole-4,4'-dicarboxyimide (BTzI) and 2,2'-bithiazolothienyl-4,4',10,10'-tetracarboxydiimide (DTzTI), are successfully synthesized. Single crystal analysis and physicochemical study reveal that DTzTI is an excellent building block for constructing all-acceptor homopolymers, and the resulting polymer poly(2,2'-bithiazolothienyl-4,4',10,10'-tetracarboxydiimide) (PDTzTI) exhibits unipolar n-type transport with a remarkable electron mobility (μe ) of 1.61 cm2 V-1 s-1 , low off-currents (Ioff ) of 10-10 -10-11 A, and substantial current on/off ratios (Ion /Ioff ) of 107 -108 in organic thin-film transistors. The all-acceptor homopolymer shows distinctive advantages over prevailing n-type donor-acceptor copolymers, which suffer from ambipolar transport with high Ioff s > 10-8 A and small Ion /Ioff s < 105 . The results demonstrate that the all-acceptor approach is superior to the donor-acceptor one, which results in unipolar electron transport with more ideal transistor performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jiuyang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yulun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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40
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Yu J, Ornelas JL, Tang Y, Uddin MA, Guo H, Yu S, Wang Y, Woo HY, Zhang S, Xing G, Guo X, Huang W. 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylicimide-Based Polymer Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:42167-42178. [PMID: 29130310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of polymer semiconductors incorporating 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylicimide (BTZI) as strong electron-withdrawing unit and an alkoxy-functionalized head-to-head linkage containing bithiophene or bithiazole as highly electron-rich co-unit are designed and synthesized. Because of the strong intramolecular charge transfer characteristics, all three polymers BTZI-TRTOR (P1), BTZI-BTOR (P2), and BTZI-BTzOR (P3) exhibit narrow bandgaps of 1.13, 1.05, and 0.92 eV, respectively, resulting in a very broad absorption ranging from 350 to 1400 nm. The highly electron-deficient 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylicimide and alkoxy-functionalized bithiophene (or thiazole) lead to polymers with low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (-3.96 to -4.28 eV) and high-lying highest occupied molecular orbitals (-5.01 to -5.20 eV). Hence, P1 and P3 show substantial and balanced ambipolar transport with electron mobilities/hole mobilities of up to 0.86/0.51 and 0.95/0.50 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, and polymer P2 containing the strongest donor unit exhibited unipolar p-type performance with an average hole mobility of 0.40 cm2 V-1 s-1 in top-gate/bottom-contact thin-film transistors with gold as the source and drain electrodes. When incorporated into bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, the narrow bandgap (1.13 eV) polymer P1 shows an encouraging power conversion efficiency of 4.15% with a relatively large open-circuit voltage of 0.69 V, which corresponds to a remarkably small energy loss of 0.44 eV. The power conversion efficiency of P1 is among the highest reported to date with such a small energy loss in polymer:fullerene solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Joshua Loroña Ornelas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yulun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau , Macao 999078, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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Xu L, Zhao Z, Xiao M, Yang J, Xiao J, Yi Z, Wang S, Liu Y. π-Extended Isoindigo-Based Derivative: A Promising Electron-Deficient Building Block for Polymer Semiconductors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:40549-40555. [PMID: 29047276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of novel electron-deficient building blocks is a key task for developing high-performance polymer semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors. In view of the situation of the lack of strong electron-deficient building blocks, we designed two novel π-extended isoindigo-based electron-deficient building blocks, IVI and F4IVI. Owing to the strong electron-deficient nature and the extended π-conjugated system of the two acceptor units, their copolymers, PIVI2T and PF4IVI2T, containing 2,2'-bithiophene donor units, are endowed with deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and strong intermolecular interactions. In comparison to PIVI2T, the fluorinated PF4IVI2T exhibits stronger intra- and intermolecular interactions, lower HOMO/LUMO energy levels up to -5.74/-4.17 eV, and more ordered molecular packing with a smaller π-π stacking distance of up to 3.53 Å, resulting in an excellent ambipolar transporting behavior and a promising application in logic circuits for PF4IVI2T in ambient with hole and electron mobilities of up to 1.03 and 1.82 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. The results reveal that F4IVI is a promising and strong electron-deficient building unit to construct high-performance semiconducting polymers, which provides an insight into the structure-property relationships for the exploration and molecular engineering of excellent electron-deficient building blocks in the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingchao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Large-format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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He K, Li W, Tian H, Zhang J, Yan D, Geng Y, Wang F. Asymmetric Conjugated Molecules Based on [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene for High-Mobility Organic Thin-Film Transistors: Influence of Alkyl Chain Length. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:35427-35436. [PMID: 28937211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT)-based asymmetric conjugated molecules, that is, 2-(5-alkylthiophen-2-yl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT-Tn, in which T and n represent thiophene and the number of carbons in the alkyl group, respectively). All of the molecules with n ≥ 4 show mesomorphism and display smectic A, smectic B (n = 4), or smectic E (n > 4) phases and then crystalline phases in succession upon cooling from the isotropic state. Alkyl chain length has a noticeable influence on the microstructures of vacuum-deposited films and therefore on the performance of the organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). All molecules except for 2-(thiophen-2-yl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene and 2-(5-ethylthiophen-2-yl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene showed OTFT mobilities above 5 cm2 V-1 s-1. 2-(5-Hexylthiophen-2-yl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene and 2-(5-heptylthiophen-2-yl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene showed the greatest OTFT performance with reliable hole mobilities (μ) up to 10.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 because they formed highly ordered and homogeneous films with diminished grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Dong T, Lv L, Feng L, Xia Y, Deng W, Ye P, Yang B, Ding S, Facchetti A, Dong H, Huang H. Noncovalent Se···O Conformational Locks for Constructing High-Performing Optoelectronic Conjugated Polymers. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 28692746 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent conformational locks are broadly employed to construct highly planar π-conjugated semiconductors exhibiting substantial charge transport characteristics. However, current chalcogen-based conformational lock strategies for organic semiconductors are limited to S···X (X = O, N, halide) weak interactions. An easily accessible (minimal synthetic steps) and structurally planar selenophene-based building block, 1,2-diethoxy-1,2-bisselenylvinylene (DESVS), with novel Se···O noncovalent conformational locks is designed and synthesized. DESVS unique properties are supported by density functional theory computed electronic structures, single crystal structures, and experimental lattice cohesion metrics. Based on this building block, a new class of stable, structurally planar, and solution-processable conjugated polymers are synthesized and implemented in organic thin-film transistors (TFT) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. DESVS-based polymers exhibit carrier mobilities in air as high as 1.49 cm2 V-1 s-1 (p-type) and 0.65 cm2 V-1 s-1 (n-type) in TFTs, and power conversion efficiency >5% in OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & CAS, Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Lv
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & CAS, Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & CAS, Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pan Ye
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & CAS, Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | | | - Huanli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & CAS, Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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44
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Lin FJ, Guo C, Chuang WT, Wang CL, Wang Q, Liu H, Hsu CS, Jiang L. Directional Solution Coating by the Chinese Brush: A Facile Approach to Improving Molecular Alignment for High-Performance Polymer TFTs. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 28692756 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Directional solution coating by the Chinese brush provides a facile approach to fabricate highly oriented polymer thin films by finely controlling the wetting and dewetting processes under directional stress. The biggest advantage of the Chinese brush over the normal western brush is the freshly emergent hairs used, whose unique tapered structure renders a dynamic balance of the liquid within the brush by multiple forces when interacting with the liquid. Consequently, the liquid is steadily held within the brush without any unexpected leakage, making the liquid transfer proceed in a well-controllable manner. It is demonstrated that the Chinese brush coating enables the crystallization of the polymer and the self-assembly of conjugated backbones to proceed in a quasi-steady state via a certain direction, which is attributed to the controllable receding of the three-phase contact line during the dewetting process by the multiple parallel freshly emergent hairs. The as-prepared polymer thin films exhibit over six times higher charge-carrier mobility compared to the spin-coated films, which therefore provides a general approach for high-performance organic thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ju Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30029, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30029, Taiwan
| | - Qianbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30029, Taiwan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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45
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Huang W, Zhuang X, Melkonyan FS, Wang B, Zeng L, Wang G, Han S, Bedzyk MJ, Yu J, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. UV-Ozone Interfacial Modification in Organic Transistors for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1701706. [PMID: 28614602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new type of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) gas sensor based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a simple, low-cost UV-ozone (UVO)-treated polymeric gate dielectric is reported here. The NO2 sensitivity of these TFTs with the dielectric surface UVO treatment is ≈400× greater for [NO2 ] = 30 ppm than for those without UVO treatment. Importantly, the sensitivity is ≈50× greater for [NO2 ] = 1 ppm with the UVO-treated TFTs, and a limit of detection of ≈400 ppb is achieved with this sensing platform. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the gate dielectric and CuPc films are analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing that the enhanced sensing performance originates from UVO-derived hydroxylated species on the dielectric surface and not from chemical reactions between NO2 and the dielectric/semiconductor components. This work demonstrates that dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering is essential for readily manufacturable high-performance TFT-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ferdinand S Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shijiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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46
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Fesenko P, Flauraud V, Xie S, Kang E, Uemura T, Brugger J, Genoe J, Heremans P, Rolin C. Growth Of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films with Multi-Micron Domain Size and Fabrication of Organic Transistors Using a Stencil Nanosieve. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:23314-23318. [PMID: 28678470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To grow small molecule semiconductor thin films with domain size larger than modern-day device sizes, we evaporate the material through a dense array of small apertures, called a stencil nanosieve. The aperture size of 0.5 μm results in low nucleation density, whereas the aperture-to-aperture distance of 0.5 μm provides sufficient crosstalk between neighboring apertures through the diffusion of adsorbed molecules. By integrating the nanosieve in the channel area of a thin-film transistor mask, we show a route for patterning both the organic semiconductor and the metal contacts of thin-film transistors using one mask only and without mask realignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Fesenko
- imec , Large Area Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven , Department of Electrical Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Shenqi Xie
- EPFL , Microsystems Laboratory, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enpu Kang
- imec , Large Area Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Osaka, Japan
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- EPFL , Microsystems Laboratory, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Genoe
- imec , Large Area Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven , Department of Electrical Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Heremans
- imec , Large Area Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven , Department of Electrical Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Rolin
- imec , Large Area Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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47
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Hailey AK, Petty AJ, Washbourne J, Thorley KJ, Parkin SR, Anthony JE, Loo YL. Understanding the Crystal Packing and Organic Thin-Film Transistor Performance in Isomeric Guest-Host Systems. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1700048. [PMID: 28401696 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how additives influence the structure and electrical properties of active layers in thin-film devices, a compositionally identical but structurally different guest-host system based on the syn and anti isomers of triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TES ADT) is systematically explored. The mobility of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) comprising anti TES ADT drops with the addition of only 0.01% of the syn isomer and is pinned at the mobility of OTFTs having pure syn isomer after the addition of only 10% of the isomer. As the syn isomer fraction increases, intermolecular repulsion increases, resulting in a decrease in the unit-cell density and concomitant disordering of the charge-transport pathway. This molecular disorder leads to an increase in charge trapping, causing the mobility of OTFTs to drop with increasing syn-isomer concentration. Since charge transport is sensitive to even minute fractions of molecular disorder, this work emphasizes the importance of prioritizing structural compatibility when choosing material pairs for guest-host systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Hailey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Anthony J Petty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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48
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Ward JW, Smith HL, Zeidell A, Diemer PJ, Baker SR, Lee H, Payne MM, Anthony JE, Guthold M, Jurchescu OD. Solution-Processed Organic and Halide Perovskite Transistors on Hydrophobic Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:18120-18126. [PMID: 28485580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable electronic devices are highly desirable due to their low cost and compatibility with flexible substrates. However, they are often challenging to fabricate due to the hydrophobic nature of the surfaces of the constituent layers. Here, we use a protein solution to modify the surface properties and to improve the wettability of the fluoropolymer dielectric Cytop. The engineered hydrophilic surface is successfully incorporated in bottom-gate solution-deposited organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and hybrid organic-inorganic trihalide perovskite field-effect transistors (HTP-FETs) fabricated on flexible substrates. Our analysis of the density of trapping states at the semiconductor-dielectric interface suggests that the increase in the trap density as a result of the chemical treatment is minimal. As a result, the devices exhibit good charge carrier mobilities, near-zero threshold voltages, and low electrical hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Ward
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Hannah L Smith
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew Zeidell
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Peter J Diemer
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Stephen R Baker
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Marcia M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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49
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Kim H, Reddy MR, Kim H, Choi D, Kim C, Seo S. Benzothiadiazole-Based Small-Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Complementary-like Inverters. Chempluschem 2017; 82:742-749. [PMID: 31961523 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New benzothiadiazole derivatives, 4,7-bis(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PT-BTD) and 4,7-bis[4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl]benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TP-BTD), were synthesized and characterized as small-molecule organic semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and complementary inverters. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the new compounds were fully characterized. Vacuum-deposition and solution-shearing methods were used to fabricate thin films based on these compounds. Thin films based on PT-BTD exhibited p-channel characteristics with hole mobilities as high as 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and current on/off ratios >107 for top-contact/bottom-gate OTFT devices. With an optimized blending ratio of PT-BTD and the representative n-channel semiconductor N,N'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide, bulk heterojunction ambipolar transistors were fabricated with balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.10 and 0.07 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. Furthermore, a complementary-like inverter was fabricated using ambipolar thin-film transistors, which showed a high voltage gain of 84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - M Rajeshkumar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsug Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - SungYong Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim SJ, Jang M, Yang HY, Cho J, Lim HS, Yang H, Lim JA. Instantaneous Pulsed-Light Cross-Linking of a Polymer Gate Dielectric for Flexible Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:11721-11731. [PMID: 28345856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the instantaneous pulsed-light cross-linking of polymer gate dielectrics on a flexible substrate by using intensely pulsed white light (IPWL) irradiation. Irradiation with IPWL for only 1.8 s of a poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) thin film with the cross-linking agent poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF) deposited on a plastic substrate was found to yield fully cross-linked PVP films. It was confirmed that the IPWL-cross-linked PVP films have smooth pinhole-free surfaces and exhibit a low leakage current density, organic solvent resistance, and good compatibility with organic semiconductor, and that they can be used as replacements for typical PVP dielectrics that are cross-linked with time and energy intensive thermal heating processes. The synchronization of the IPWL irradiation with substrate transfer was found to enable the preparation of cross-linked PVP films on large area substrates with a highly uniform capacitance. Flexible OTFT based on IPWL-cross-linked PVP dielectrics were found to exhibit good electrical performance that is comparable to that of devices with thermally cross-linked PVP dielectric, as well as excellent deformation stability even at a bending radius of 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 02841 Seoul, Korea
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Division of Nano-systems Engineering, Inha University , 22212 Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Yang
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University , 04310 Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Division of Nano-systems Engineering, Inha University , 22212 Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 02792 Seoul, Korea
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