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Wang S, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Mao M, Ma J. Tregs depletion aggravates activation of astrocytes by modulating IL-10/GXP4 following cerebral infarction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255316. [PMID: 37622110 PMCID: PMC10446222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tregs plays a critical role in the development of secondary injuries in diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between ischemic stroke and renal dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Tregs in inhibiting the activation of astrocytes after focal cerebral infarction. Methods This study aimed to investigate the renal consequences of focal cerebral ischemia by subjecting a mouse model to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Subsequently, we assessed renal fibrosis, renal ferroptosis, Treg infiltration, astrocyte activation, as well as the expression levels of active GPX4, FSP1, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2 after a 2-week period. Results In the tMCAO mouse model, depletion of tregs protected against activation of astrocyte and significantly decreased FSP1, IL-6, IL-2, and NLRP3 expression levels, while partially reversing the changes in Tregs. Mechanistically, tregs depletion attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating IL-10/GPX4 following cerebral infarction. Conclusion Tregs depletion attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating IL-10/GPX4 following cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Emergency Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Shi
- Emergency Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- General Medical Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyun Yuan
- Emergency Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mintao Mao
- Emergency Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Emergency Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hinshaw DC, Benavides GA, Metge BJ, Swain CA, Kammerud SC, Alsheikh HA, Elhamamsy A, Chen D, Darley-Usmar V, Rathmell JC, Welner RS, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Treg to Th17 Conversion Through Metabolic Rewiring in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:687-702. [PMID: 37058110 PMCID: PMC10159910 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment dynamically evolves to support tumor growth and progression. Immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) promote tumor growth and metastatic seeding in patients with breast cancer. Deregulation of plasticity between Treg and Th17 cells creates an immune regulatory framework that enables tumor progression. Here, we discovered a functional role for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in promoting Treg differentiation and immunosuppressive activity, and when Hh activity was inhibited, Tregs adopted a Th17-like phenotype complemented by an enhanced inflammatory profile. Mechanistically, Hh signaling promoted O-GlcNAc modifications of critical Treg and Th17 transcription factors, Foxp3 and STAT3, respectively, that orchestrated this transition. Blocking Hh reprogramed Tregs metabolically, dampened their immunosuppressive activity, and supported their transdifferentiation into inflammatory Th17 cells that enhanced the recruitment of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells into tumors. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown role for Hh signaling in the regulation of Treg differentiation and activity and the switch between Tregs and Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C. Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J. Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney A. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah C. Kammerud
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Heba A. Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amr Elhamamsy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert S. Welner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S. Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A. Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Senior author
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Padmanabhan RA, Johnson BS, Dhyani AK, Pillai SM, Jayakrishnan K, Laloraya M. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE): Takes a hypoxia-inducing factor 1A (HIF1A) route to regulate FOXP3 expression in PCOS. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13637. [PMID: 36305192 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) pathology due to autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations leads to loss of central tolerance triggering immune attack, a factor causing infertility. One of the targets of autoimmune attack is ovary and its repercussion results in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although reduced Tregs have been reported in PCOS, a lacunae exists on the status of AIRE gene expression and its role in treg insufficiency via HIF1A-FOXP3 axis in PCOS. METHOD OF STUDY This is a case-control cohort study recruiting 40 normal and 40 PCOS volunteers for peripheral blood sample collection and PCOS diagnoses were based on Rotterdam Consensus criteria. AIRE and HIF1A expression status was analysed by qRT PCR and western blot. FACS analyses was conducted on AIRE silenced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after Treg induction. RESULTS Our results indicate a reduced AIRE (fold change log2 (RQ) = -2.6, P < .01) and increased HIF1A (fold change log2 (RQ) = 3.6, P < .02) in PBMCs of PCOS subjects compared to age-matched controls. Western blot of AIRE and HIF1A corroborates with qRT PCR data. Our CHIP data demonstrate AIRE mediated HIF1A promoter regulation. Silencing of AIRE in PBMCs contributes to the upregulation of HIF1A transcripts by two-fold (P < .0015) and downregulation in FOXP3 expression by three-fold (P < .0017). FACS analyses revealed that silencing of AIRE reduces Tcell to Treg conversion. CONCLUSIONS Our consolidated results derive a new connection among AIRE-HIF1A-FOXP3 with AIRE reduction enabling increased HIF1A resulting in reduced FOXP3 in PBMCs of PCOS patients leading to Treg insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjini Ambika Padmanabhan
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Betcy Susan Johnson
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dhyani
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sathy M Pillai
- SAMAD IVF Hospitals, V. V. Road, Pattoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K Jayakrishnan
- KJK Hospital and Fertility Research Centre, Mar Ivanios College Road, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Liu N, Wu T, Ma Y, Cheng H, Li W, Chen M. Identification and validation of RB1 as an immune-related prognostic signature based on tumor mutation burdens in bladder cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:269-80. [PMID: 36206128 DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Developing effective prognostic gene and exploring the immune cells that affect the prognosis of tumor are required. Full transcriptome data ( n = 433), clinical information ( n = 581) and mutation sequencing ( n = 412) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and independent mutation sequencing data of 101 samples were acquired from International Cancer Genome Consortium. Statistical processing was conducted using R packages. Gene biologically functional research was performed with gene set enrichment analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Twenty-two types of immune cell infiltration were assessed and calculated in 398 samples of BCa. Furthermore, the expression of immune-related prognostic signature was verified. The relationship between prognostic gene and immune cells was explored preliminarily. Tumor mutation burdens of mutant-type groups were higher than wild-type groups of 19 genes, except for FGFR3 and CREBBP. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high frequency of retinoblastomal 1 (RB1) mutation led to poor prognosis of BCa patients and was an independent prognostic factor ( P = 0.004; HR = 1.776). Proportions and correlation of 22 types of immune cells in 433 samples were determined. We found that RB1 expression decreased in BCa validated through quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In addition, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were detected as a negatively correlated type of immune cell to mutation of RB1, whereas fluorescence costaining showed that Foxp3 expression of Tregs infiltration was negatively related to the expression of RB1. Mutation of RB1 can be identified as an independent prognostic predictor of BCa, and it may suppress the infiltration of Tregs in BCa tissues, increasing the incidence of tumor immune escape.
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Zhu J, Li Z, Chen J, Li W, Wang H, Jiang T, Ma Y. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of FOXP3 in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32102. [PMID: 36550816 PMCID: PMC9771226 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fork head box p3 (FOXP3), the specific transcription factors of Tregs, not only in Tregs, but also expressed in cancer cells of certain malignant tumors. The histological positioning of FOXP3 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its biological significance are still unclear. This study aims to clarify the biological function of FOXP3 in NSCLC through bioinformatics analysis. Tumor immune estimation resource database was used to analyze the mRNA expression of FOXP3 in pan cancer, and to analyze the correlation between FOXP3 expression and tumor microenvironment cell infiltration. Overall survival and disease-free survival analyses were performed using a Kaplan-Meier plotter. Immunohistochemistry staining of FOXP3 was performed using human protein atalas (HPA) database, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to verify gene expression and identify cell types. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were drawn using STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis of FOXP3 used the DAVID database. In NSCLC, whether it is lung squamous cell carcinoma (P < .001) or lung adenocarcinoma (P < .001), FOXP3 is highly expressed in cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry results showed that FOXP3 was mainly expressed in Tregs, but not in lung cancer tissues. IF staining showed that FOXP3 and CD3 (a marker of T cells) were co-expressed in immune cells. Moreover, survival analysis showed that high FOXP3 expression could be used as a predictor of poor overall survival (HR: 1.25, P = .00065) and disease-free survival (HR: 1.88, P = 1.1E-10) in patients with NSCLC. Next, we identified an important module containing 11 genes in the PPI network, including JUN, NFATC, STAT3, IRF4, IL2, IFGN, CTLA4, TNFRSF18, IL2A, KAT5, and FOXP3. KEGG signaling pathway was enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Finally, we observed that FOXP3 expression correlated with infiltration of CD8 + T cells (R = 0.276, P = 5.90E-10), CD4 + T cells (R = 0.643, P = 6.81E-58), neutrophils (R = 0.525, P = 1.57E-35), and dendritic cells (R = 0.608, P = 1.35E-50) in lung adenocarcinoma, the same results were observed in lung squamous cell carcinoma. The infiltration of FOXP3-positive Tregs might promote the malignant progression of NSCLC, and targeted intervention of Tregs may be a potential treatment option for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ma, Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256 Youyi Road West, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China (e-mail: ); Tao Jiang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ma, Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 256 Youyi Road West, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China (e-mail: ); Tao Jiang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China (e-mail: )
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Ping G, Tian Y, Zhou Z. Constructing a Tregs-associated signature to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31382. [PMID: 36451426 PMCID: PMC9704903 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a key constituent of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are significantly associated with patient outcomes. Our study aimed to construct a Treg-associated signature to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. The genes' expression values and patients' clinicopathological features were downloaded from TCGA and gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. The single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data of CRC were analyzed through the Deeply Integrated human Single-Cell Omics database. WGCNA analysis was used to select Tregs-associated genes (TrAGs). The infiltrated levels of immune and stromal cells were accessed through the ESTIMATE algorithm. Cox regression analysis and the LASSO algorithm were implemented to construct prognostic models. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to annotate enriched gene sets. Based on scRNA sequencing data, our study uncovered that more Tregs were significantly enriched in the TME of CRC. Then we identified 123 differentially expressed TrAGs which mainly participated in immune regulation. Given that CRC patients were reclassified into 2 subgroups with distinct overall survival based on 26 differentially expressed TrAGs with prognostic values, we subsequently constructed a signature for CRC. After training and validating in independent cohorts, we proved that this prognostic model can be well applied to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. Further analysis exhibited that more tumor-suppressing immune cells and higher immune checkpoint genes were enriched in CRC patients with high-risk scores. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis validated that the genes in the prognostic model were significantly elevated in CRC tissues. We were the first to construct a prognostic signature for CRC based on TrAGs and further revealed that the poor prognosis of patients was mainly attributed to the tumor-suppressing microenvironment and upregulated immune checkpoint genes in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Ping
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Tian
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqiang Zhou, Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuanxi Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255020, China (e-mail: )
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Li N, Gao Z, Zhao L, Du B, Ma B, Nian H, Wei R. MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Inducing Tregs via miR-100-5p. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888949. [PMID: 35874782 PMCID: PMC9298967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been increasingly proved as promising immunomodulators against some autoimmune disorders. However, the possible effect and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEVs in autoimmune dry eye have been rarely studied. Methods Small extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC-sEVs) were subconjunctivally injected to rabbit dry eye model, and their preventive or therapeutical effects were assessed by recording the clinical and histological scores. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), western blot and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of hUC-MSC-sEVs on macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) both in vivo and in vitro, and the in vitro T cell proliferation was detected by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. In addition, high expression of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs was identified by Q-PCR, and the functional role of sEVs-miR-100-5p on macrophages was explored by a series of co-culture experiments using sEVs derived from hUC-MSCs transfected with miR-100-5p inhibitor. Results We firstly demonstrated that hUC-MSC-sEVs had the preventive and therapeutical effects on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) dry eye. Further investigation revealed that hUC-MSC-sEVs administration effectively elicited macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and elevated the proportion of Tregs both in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to reduced inflammation and improved tissue damage. Importantly, hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages with M2-like phenotype exhibited strong capacity to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation and promote Treg generation in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-100-5p was highly enriched in hUC-MSC-sEVs, and knockdown of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs partially blunted the promotion of hUC-MSC-sEVs on M2 macrophage polarization and even attenuated the effect of hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages on T cell suppression and Treg expansion. Conclusion Our data indicated that hUC-MSC-sEVs alleviated autoimmune dacryoadenitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and Treg generation possibly through shuttling miR-100-5p. This study sheds new light on the application of MSC-sEVs as a promising therapeutic method for SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, with the incidence peaks in infancy. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the levels of T helper type 22 (Th22) cells, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, interleukin (IL)-17, and Tregs in peripheral blood of patients with AD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wan-fang Data from the day of inception of this study to July 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data, which were pooled and calculated using Stata software version 15. RESULTS A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 2.07, 95% CI (1.33, 2.81), p < 0.001], Th17 cells [WMD = 1.04, 95% CI [0.66, 1.43], p < 0.001], IL-17 [WMD = 17.56, 95% CI (11.1, 24.03), p < 0.001], and a decreased proportion of Tregs [WMD = -2.49, 95% CI (-2.93, -2.05), p < 0.001] in peripheral blood. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with higher disease severity had higher levels of Th22 [mild: WMD = 1.33, 95% CI (1.24, 1.41), p < 0.001; moderate: WMD = 1.41, 95% CI (1.36, 1.54), p < 0.001; severe: WMD = 3.46, 95% CI (3.34, 2.81), p < 0.001] and lower levels of Tregs [mild: WMD = -1.43, 95% CI (-1.75, -1.11), p < 0.001; moderate: WMD = -2.16, 95% CI (-2.46, -1.86), p < 0.001; severe: WMD = -2.96, 95% CI (-3.25, -2.67), p < 0.001] in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION The random effect model of the meta-analysis showed patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells, Th17 cells, and IL-17, whereas a decreased proportion of Tregs was found in peripheral blood. The results demonstrated that Th22 cells, Th17 cells, IL-17, and Tregs may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Xing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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El-Badawy O, Elsherbiny NM, Abdeltawab D, Magdy DM, Bakkar LM, Hassan SA, Hassan EA, Thabet AM, Ashmawy AM, Moustafa EF, Abbas WA, Ahmad AB, Rayan A, Saad K, Elhoufey A, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Zahran AM. COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Comorbidities: Clinical and Immunological Insight. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221107889. [PMID: 35698744 PMCID: PMC9201308 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our study's objectives were to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics that may serve as biomarkers for predicting disease severity, IL-10 levels, and frequencies of different T cell subsets in comorbid COVID-19 patients. METHODS Sixty-two hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were assessed clinically and radiologically. Blood samples were collected to assess the T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and IL-10 levels by ELISA. RESULTS The most common comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and malignancies. Common symptoms and signs included fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and sore throat. CRP, ferritin, D dimer, LDH, urea, creatinine, and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in patients than controls. Lymphocyte count and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were significantly decreased in comorbid COVID-19 patients, and CD25 and CD45RA expression were increased. CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in patients. CONCLUSIONS Many parameters were found to be predictive of severity in the comorbid patients in our study. Significant reductions in the levels and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were found. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were significant decreased in patients, probably pointing to a prominent role of CD8+ Tregs in dampening CD4+ T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahla M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M. Magdy
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamees M. Bakkar
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Hassan
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elham A. Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Thabet
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Moustafa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael A. Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Bahieldeen Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Khaled Saad, Professor of Pediatrics,
Assiut University Children's Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Address: Assiut University
Children's Hospital, Assiut University Campus, 71111, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amira Elhoufey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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10
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Gao Z, Xu X, Li Y, Sun K, Yang M, Zhang Q, Wang S, Lin Y, Lou L, Wu A, Liu W, Nie B. Mechanistic Insight into PPARγ and Tregs in Atherosclerotic Immune Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750078. [PMID: 34658891 PMCID: PMC8511522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological cause of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction and cerebral apoplexy. As an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis of AS involves endothelial cell dysfunction, lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and inflammatory factor infiltration. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis by antagonizing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and regulating cholesterol efflux and inflammatory factors. Importantly, PPARγ-dependant fatty acid uptake is critical for metabolic programming. Activated PPARγ can exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect by inhibiting the expression of various inflammatory factors, improving endothelial cell function, and restraining the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the only subset of T lymphocytes that have a completely negative regulatory effect on the autoimmune response. They play a critical role in suppressing excessive immune responses and inflammatory reactions and widely affect AS-associated foam cell formation, plaque rupture, and other processes. Recent studies have shown that PPARγ activation promotes the recruitment of Tregs to reduce inflammation, thereby exerting its anti-atherosclerotic effect. In this review, we provide an overview of the anti-AS roles of PPARγ and Tregs by discussing their pathological mechanisms from the perspective of AS and immune-mediated inflammation, with a focus on basic research and clinical trials of their efficacies alone or in combination in inhibiting atherosclerotic inflammation. Additionally, we explore new ideas for AS treatment and plaque stabilization and establish a foundation for the development of natural PPARγ agonists with Treg recruitment capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manfang Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to BeijingUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Abdollahi E, Rezaee SA, Saghafi N, Rastin M, Clifton V, Sahebkar A, Rafatpanah H. Evaluation of the Effects of 1,25 Vitamin D3 on Regulatory T Cells and T Helper 17 Cells in Vitamin D-deficient Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:306-317. [PMID: 32124705 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200303130153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be associated with adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, which may include recurrent pregnancy loss through the mechanisms that are yet unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,25VitD3 on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper17 (Th17) cell populations In vitro in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) patients and healthy women. METHODS Samples from 20 non-pregnant women with a history of URPL were compared to 20 normal non-pregnant women. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were divided into 3 wells for each subject: in the presence of 1, 25 VitD3 (50 nM, for 16 hours), PHA (positive control) (10μM), and without any treatment (as a baseline or negative control). The percentage of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry at baseline and then after cell culture experiments. RESULTS Our study indicated that the percentage of Tregs in patients with URPL was significantly lower than the control group (2.42 ± 0.27 vs. 3.41 ± 0.29, P= 0.01). The percentage of Th17 cells was significantly greater in URPL patients compared to the control group (2.91 ± 0.33 vs. 1.18± 0.15, P=0.001). 1, 25VitD3 treatment significantly increased the percentage of Tregs from the baseline in the URPL group compared to that in the control group (1.23 ± 0.03 vs. 1.00 ± 0.03, P= 0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributor to recurrent pregnancy loss and suggests supplementation of women with Vit D pre-pregnancy may be protective against URPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Graduate Research Trainee in Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Saghafi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Pregnancy and Development, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Madonna G, Sale S, Capone M, De Falco C, Santocchio V, Di Matola T, Fiorentino G, Pirozzi C, D’Antonio A, Sabatino R, Atripaldi L, Atripaldi U, Raffone M, Curvietto M, Grimaldi AM, Vanella V, Festino L, Scarpato L, Palla M, Spatarella M, Perna F, Cerino P, Botti G, Parrella R, Montesarchio V, Ascierto PA, Atripaldi L. Clinical Outcome Prediction in COVID-19 Patients by Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis and Monocytes' iTNF-α Expression. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:735. [PMID: 34439967 PMCID: PMC8389652 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, "SARS-CoV-2", was recognized as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have explored the changes and the role of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of the disease, but until today, the results have been controversial. Based on these premises, we conducted a retrospective assessment of monocyte intracellular TNF-α expression (iTNF-α) and on the frequencies of lymphocyte sub-populations in twenty-five patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. We found lymphopenia in all COVID-19 infected subjects compared to healthy subjects. On initial observation, in patients with favorable outcomes, we detected a high absolute eosinophil count and a high CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes ratio, while in the Exitus Group, we observed high neutrophil and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts. During infection, in patients with favorable outcomes, we observed a rise in the lymphocyte count, in the monocyte and in Treg lymphocyte counts, and in the CD4+ and in CD8+ T lymphocytes count but a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. Instead, in the Exitus Group, we observed a reduction in the Treg lymphocyte counts and a decrease in iTNF-α expression. Our preliminary findings point to a modulation of the different cellular mediators of the immune system, which probably play a key role in the outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Madonna
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Silvia Sale
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara De Falco
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Valentina Santocchio
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Tiziana Di Matola
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiorentino
- UOC Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Caterina Pirozzi
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Anna D’Antonio
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Rocco Sabatino
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Lidia Atripaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (U.A.)
| | - Umberto Atripaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (U.A.)
| | - Marcello Raffone
- UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Marcello Curvietto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonio Maria Grimaldi
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Vito Vanella
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Lucia Festino
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Luigi Scarpato
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Palla
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Michela Spatarella
- UOSD di Farmacia, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberto Parrella
- UOC Malattie Infettive ad Indirizzo Respiratorio, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | | | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (A.M.G.); (V.V.); (L.F.); (L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Luigi Atripaldi
- UOC Biochimica Clinica, AORN Ospedali dei Colli—Monaldi—Cotugno—CTO, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.S.); (C.D.F.); (V.S.); (T.D.M.); (C.P.); (A.D.); (R.S.); (L.A.)
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current therapies for autoimmune disorders often employ broad suppression of the immune system. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) seeks to overcome the side-effects of immunosuppressive therapy by specifically targeting only disease-related autoreactive T and B cells. Although it has been in development for several decades, ASI still is not in use clinically to treat autoimmunity. Novel ways to deliver antigen may be effective in inducing ASI. Here we review recent innovations in antigen delivery. RECENT FINDINGS New ways to deliver antigen include particle and nonparticle approaches. One main focus has been the targeting of antigen-presenting cells in a tolerogenic context. This technique often results in the induction and/or expansion of regulatory T cells, which has the potential to be effective against a complex, polyclonal immune response. SUMMARY Whether novel delivery approaches can help bring ASI into general clinical use for therapy of autoimmune diseases remains to be seen. However, preclinical work and early results from clinical trials using these new techniques show promising signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Kedzierska AE, Lorek D, Slawek A, Grabowski T, Chelmonska-Soyta A. CD91 Derived Treg Epitope Modulates Regulatory T Lymphocyte Response, Regulates Expression of Costimulatory Molecules on Antigen-Presenting Cells, and Rescues Pregnancy in Mouse Pregnancy Loss Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7296. [PMID: 34298914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of immune tolerance to fetal antigens may result in reproductive failure. The downregulated number and activity of T regulatory lymphocytes, which are critical for the establishment of immune tolerance to fetal antigens, during pregnancy may lead to miscarriage. The adoptive transfer of Tregs prevents fetal loss in abortion-prone mice. Recently, we demonstrated that the administration of tregitopes, which are short peptides found in human and mouse immunoglobulins (IgGs), decreased the incidence of abortions in female CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2J mice. Here, two non-IgG source peptides (SGS and LKD) that can potentially bind to the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) with high affinity and induce Treg expansion were designed in silico. The immune dysregulation-induced pregnancy failure mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of SGS and LKD on immune response and pregnancy outcome. The fetal death rate in the SGS-treated group was lower than that in the phosphate-buffered saline-treated group. SGS and LKD upregulated the splenic pool of Tregs and modulated the T-helper cell (Th1)/Th2-related cytokine response at the preimplantation stage. Additionally, SGS and LKD downregulated the expression of CD80 and MHC class II molecules in splenic CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Thus, SGS treatment can result in beneficial pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, SGS peptide-mediated immunomodulation can be a potential therapeutic strategy for immune dysregulation-induced pregnancy failure.
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15
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Au KY, Lo RCL. An Immunohistochemical Study of β-catenin Expression and Immune Cell Population in Metastatic Carcinoma to the Liver. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609752. [PMID: 34257613 PMCID: PMC8262218 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the commonest site of cancer metastasis. In this study, we asked whether the immune tumor microenvironment in liver metastases was governed by the β-catenin activation status of the tumor. To this end, we analyzed CD8 and FoxP3 immunohistochemical expression against β-catenin expression status of the tumor in a cohort of 52 liver samples with metastatic carcinoma. The results showed that colorectal primary constituted the largest proportion of metastatic carcinoma showing β-catenin overexpression. Intra-tumoral CD8 count was lower and FoxP3 count was higher when compared with the non-tumoral liver parenchyma. β-catenin overexpression was associated with a lower CD8 count in the tumor region (p = 0.003). In summary, our findings are in support of an altered immune tumor microenvironment vs. the non-tumor liver tissues in the metastatic site. Suppression of CD8 count was associated with activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the metastatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Yung Au
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, (The University of Hong Kong), Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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16
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Ager CR, Obradovic AZ, Arriaga JM, Chaimowitz MG, Califano A, Abate-Shen C, Drake CG. Longitudinal Immune Profiling Reveals Unique Myeloid and T-cell Phenotypes Associated with Spontaneous Immunoediting in a Prostate Tumor Model. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:529-541. [PMID: 33637604 PMCID: PMC8102339 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The theory of cancer immunoediting, which describes the dynamic interactions between tumors and host immune cells that shape the character of each compartment, is foundational for understanding cancer immunotherapy. Few models exist that facilitate in-depth study of each of the three canonical phases of immunoediting: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Here, we utilized NPK-C1, a transplantable prostate tumor model that we found recapitulated the three phases of immunoediting spontaneously in immunocompetent animals. Given that a significant portion of NPK-C1 tumors reliably progressed to the escape phase, we were able to delineate cell types and mechanisms differentially prevalent in equilibrium versus escape phases. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry, we found that activated CD4+ effector T cells were enriched in regressing tumors, highlighting a role for CD4+ T cells in antitumor immunity. CD8+ T cells were also important for NPK-C1 control, specifically, central memory-like cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg), as a whole, were counterintuitively enriched in regressing tumors; however, high-dimensional analysis revealed their significant phenotypic diversity, with a number of Treg subpopulations enriched in progressing tumors. In the myeloid compartment, we found that iNOS+ dendritic cell (DC)-like cells are enriched in regressing tumors, whereas CD103+ DCs were associated with late-stage tumor progression. In total, these analyses of the NPK-C1 model provide novel insights into the roles of lymphoid and myeloid populations throughout the cancer immunoediting process and highlight a role for multidimensional, flow-based analyses to more deeply understand immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Ager
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (CCTI), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Aleksandar Z Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (CCTI), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Juan M Arriaga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew G Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (CCTI), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles G Drake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (CCTI), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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17
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Cortabarria ASDV, Makhoul L, Strouboulis J, Lombardi G, Oteng-Ntim E, Shangaris P. In utero Therapy for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease: Taking Advantage of the Fetal Immune System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:624477. [PMID: 33553164 PMCID: PMC7862553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a β-globin gene missense mutation and is among the most prevalent severe monogenic disorders worldwide. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative option for the disease, as most management options focus solely on symptom control. Progress in prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapeutic intervention raises the possibility of in utero treatment. SCD can be diagnosed prenatally in high-risk patients using chorionic villus sampling. Among the possible prenatal treatments, in utero stem cell transplantation (IUSCT) shows the most promise. IUSCT is a non-myeloablative, non-immunosuppressive alternative conferring various unique advantages and may also offer safer postnatal management. Fetal immunologic immaturity could allow engraftment of allogeneic cells before fetal immune system maturation, donor-specific tolerance and lifelong chimerism. In this review, we will discuss SCD, screening and current treatments. We will present the therapeutic rationale for IUSCT, examine the early experimental work and initial human experience, as well as consider primary barriers of clinically implementing IUSCT and the promising approaches to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Makhoul
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Strouboulis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Oteng-Ntim
- School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panicos Shangaris
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mota Reyes C, Yurteri Ü, Friess H, Ekin Demir I. Future directions of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer. Oncoscience 2020; 7:44-46. [PMID: 32923514 PMCID: PMC7458337 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy with conventional chemotherapies have visibly improved the prognosis of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (PCa). However, molecular targeted therapies that have provided durable responses in other tumor entities, have not yet found access into neoadjuvant therapy of PCa. In fact, due to the presence of the tumor burden serving as an antigen source for T cell priming, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may unleash a more potent antitumoral immune response than adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mota Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ümmügülsüm Yurteri
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
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19
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Zhao J, Song Y, Liu L, Yang S, Fang B. Effect of arsenic trioxide on the Tregs ratio and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of severe aplastic anemia patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20630. [PMID: 32590737 PMCID: PMC7329005 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the anticancer agent, arsenic trioxide (ATO), could attenuate T cell mediated immunity by not only inhibiting the proliferative response of T cells but by also increasing the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, ATO represents a reasonable salvage treatment in some patients with refractory severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The current study aimed to evaluate the function of ATO on the Tregs percentage and cytokines changes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SAA patients.PBMCs were collected from 20 newly diagnosed SAA patients in Henan Cancer Hospital and treated with different concentrations of ATO (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μmol/L). Then we investigated the efficacy of ATO on Tregs ratio and the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the peripheral blood of SAA patients in vitro.The results showed that ATO significantly increased the proportion of Tregs (P < .001) at 2.5 and 5 μmol/L concentrations, and the proportion of Tregs was increased with increasing ATO concentration (r = 0.524). At 1 (P = .03), 2.5 (P < .001) and 5 μmol/L (P < .001), ATO significantly up-regulated the expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA, which was positively and linearly correlated with the increase of Tregs cell-frequency (r = 0.52, 95%CI, 0.37-0.67). In addition, ATO significantly reduced the levels of IFN-γ (at 1, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L, P < .001), IL-4 (at 2.5 μmol/L, P = .009; at 5 μmol/L, P < .001), and IL-17 (at 2.5, P = .016; at 5 μmol/L, P < .001). ATO significantly reduced the levels of TGF-β1 at 5 μmol/L (P = .03), but showed no significant effects at 1 and 2.5 μmol/L (P > .05).ATO could mediate the immune regulation, which might contribute to improve hematopoietic recovery in SAA patients.
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Gallino L, Hauk V, Fernández L, Soczewski E, Gori S, Grasso E, Calo G, Saraco N, Berensztein E, Waschek JA, Pérez Leirós C, Ramhorst R. VIP Promotes Recruitment of Tregs to the Uterine-Placental Interface During the Peri-Implantation Period to Sustain a Tolerogenic Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2907. [PMID: 31969877 PMCID: PMC6960177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine receptivity and embryo implantation are two main processes that need a finely regulated balance between pro-inflammatory and tolerogenic mediators to allow a successful pregnancy. The neuroimmune peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a key regulator, and it is involved in the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are crucial in both processes. Here, we analyzed the ability of endogenous and exogenous VIP to sustain a tolerogenic microenvironment during the peri-implantation period, particularly focusing on Treg recruitment. Wild-type (WT) and VIP-deficient mice [heterozygous (HT, +/-), knockout (KO, -/-)], and FOXP3-knock-in-GFP mice either pregnant or in estrus were used. During the day of estrus, we found significant histological differences between the uterus of WT mice vs. VIP-deficient mice, with the latter exhibiting undetectable levels of FOXP3 expression, decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)c, and increased gene expression of the Th17 proinflammatory transcription factor RORγt. To study the implantation window, we mated WT and VIP (+/-) females with WT males and observed altered FOXP3, VEGFc, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)β gene expression at the implantation sites at day 5.5 (d5.5), demonstrating a more inflammatory environment in VIP (+/-) vs. VIP (+/+) females. A similar molecular profile was observed at implantation sites of WT × WT mice treated with VIP antagonist at d3.5. We then examined the ability GFP-sorted CD4+ cells from FOXP3-GFP females to migrate toward conditioned media (CM) obtained from d5.5 implantation sites cultured in the absence/presence of VIP or VIP antagonist. VIP treatment increased CD4+FOXP3+ and decreased CD4+ total cell migration towards implantation sites, and VIP antagonist prevented these effects. Finally, we performed adoptive cell transfer of Tregs (sorted from FOXP3-GFP females) in VIP-deficient-mice, and we observed that FOXP3-GFP cells were mainly recruited into the uterus/implantation sites compared to all other tested tissues. In addition, after Treg transfer, we found an increase in IL-10 expression and VEGFc in HT females and allowed embryo implantation in KO females. In conclusion, VIP contributes to a local tolerogenic response necessary for successful pregnancy, preventing the development of a hostile uterine microenvironment for implantation by the selective recruitment of Tregs during the peri-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Gallino
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Fernández
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Soczewski
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Gori
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Grasso
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Calo
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Saraco
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esperanza Berensztein
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James A Waschek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lal D, Thakur M, Bihari C. Serum Leptin Serves as an Inflammatory Activity Marker and Predicts Steroid Response in Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:574-580. [PMID: 33311894 PMCID: PMC7719975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Adipocytokines, especially leptin is involved in a wide spectrum of proinflammatory functions, in various tissues. This study was carried out to assess the role of serum leptin in autoimmune hepatitis. METHODS Serum leptin was analyzed in treatment naïve autoimmune hepatitis (AIH, n = 48) patients and compared with the primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 16), chronic hepatitis C (CHC, n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 15). Serum leptin correlation was assessed on liver function tests, disease activity, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and Th17 cells in the liver biopsies and on steroid treatment response in AIH. RESULTS Serum leptin was higher in AIH than in PBC, CHC, and HC {AIH: 335 (106.2-580), PBC: 126 (52-381.2), CH: 67 (3.7-133.5) and HC: 66 (40-157.5) ng/ml; P = 0.001}. In AIH cases; serum leptin correlated with hepatic activity index (r = 0.896; P < 0.001); serum transaminases (aspartate aminotransferases (AST) = 0.615, P < 0.001, alanine aminotransferases (ALT) = 0.551, P < 0.001). It had inverse correlation with Treg cells (P = -0.711, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with Th17 cells (r = 0.650, P < 0.001) in the liver biopsy tissue. High serum leptin was found to be associated with steroid partial or nonresponsiveness at 4 weeks (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Serum leptin is indicative of higher AIH activity and a reduced number of Tregs cells in liver biopsy tissue. Leptin negative cases have more chances of steroid responsiveness and could help in the selection of AIH cases for appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chhagan Bihari
- Address for correspondence. Chhagan Bihari, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India.
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Abstract
Introduction: The promotion of antitumor response by targeting co-stimulatory B7 superfamily members has become evident to create a new wave of cancer immunotherapy. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), which is expressed on activated T cells, gained interest in the translational medicine community.Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature review using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer', and the Clinicaltrials.gov database for early phase clinical trials targeting ICOS. In this review, we highlight the dual role of ICOS in oncogenesis in different malignancies. We summarize the current state of knowledge about ICOS/ICOSL pathway targeting by immunotherapies.Expert opinion: Due to its multifaceted link with anti-tumor immunity, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest to target the ICOS/ICOSL pathway for tumor treatment. Indeed, ICOS activation might potentiate the effect of an inhibitory checkpoint blockade, while its neutralization could decrease the function of immunosuppressive Tregs and inhibit lymphoid tumor cells expressing Tfh markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Cai J, Wang D, Zhang G, Guo X. The Role Of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis In Treg Development And Function: Implications For Cancer Immunotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8437-8445. [PMID: 31686860 PMCID: PMC6800566 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has become an important component of the treatment paradigm for numerous malignancies, especially PD-1/PD-L1 blockade which was demonstrated to rejuvenate disabled T cells in cancer patients to achieve long-term remissions. However, the clinical outcome of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted monotherapy against solid malignancies is not satisfactory which may be related with the intricate tumor microenvironment. As a vital suppressive immunocyte in tumor microenvironment, Tregs are characterized by PD-1 and PD-L1 and demonstrated to contribute to the tumor progression. The latest studies have suggested that Tregs might be involved in the treatment of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and PD-1/PD-L1 axis could influence Treg differentiation and function. However, the complicated relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and Tregs has not been fully clarified. Here, we explored the role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in Treg development and function, as well as the potential mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance related with Tregs. Meanwhile, we discussed the combination therapy aimed at targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis and Tregs, hoping to provide novel insights for the future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
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Li JP, Xie BP, Zhang WJ, Shi LY, Li WJ, Zeng Y, Gan GX, Li YH. [Psoralen inhibits RAW264.7 differentiation into osteoclasts and bone resorption by regulating CD4+T cell differentiation]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 43:1228-1234. [PMID: 29676133 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180104.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate whether psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption by regulating CD4+T cell differentiation in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells, and elucidate its mechanism for osteoporosis. CD4+T cells were isolated from spleen cells of Balb/c mice by immunomagnetic separation method. The cells were divided into blank control group and psoralen group. The cells were cultured in 24-well plates and cultured for 3 days, and then they were collected for co-culture experiments after 4 days. Co-culture experiments were divided into RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen+RAW264.7 cell group, without psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group. After 5 days of co-culture, TRAP staining was used to detect the number of osteoclasts, and after 8 days of co-culture, bone resorption was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. The expressions of RORγt, Foxp3, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T cells and osteoclast differentiation-related genes MMP-9, TRAP and Cat-K were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); ELISA kit was used to detect IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 and other cytokines levels. Our data confirmed that the psoralen significantly promoted the expression of Foxp3, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T, and inhibited the expression of RORγt, IL-17 and TNF-α in CD4+T, the CD4+T cells without treatment by psoralen can significantly promote RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 to osteoclasts, and psoralen treatment of CD4+T can significantly inhibit RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Taken together, psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption of RAW264.7 into osteoclasts by promoting the development of CD4+ CD25+ Treg/Th17 balance in CD4+T cells to CD4+CD25+T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bao-Ping Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei-Juan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Guo-Xing Gan
- Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Vieira RDS, Castoldi A, Basso PJ, Hiyane MI, Câmara NOS, Almeida RR. Butyrate Attenuates Lung Inflammation by Negatively Modulating Th9 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:67. [PMID: 30761137 PMCID: PMC6361737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Th9 cells orchestrate allergic lung inflammation by promoting recruitment and activation of eosinophils and mast cells, and by stimulating epithelial mucus production, which is known to be mainly dependent on IL-9. These cells share developmental pathways with induced regulatory T cells that may determine the generation of one over the other subset. In fact, the FOXP3 transcription factor has been shown to bind il9 locus and repress IL-9 production. The microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate have been described as FOXP3 inducers and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. While SCFAs attenuate lung inflammation by inducing regulatory T cells and suppressing Th2 responses, their effects on Th9 cells have not been addressed yet. Therefore, we hypothesized that SCFAs would have a protective role in lung inflammation by negatively modulating differentiation and function of Th9 cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate is more effective than propionate in promoting FOXP3 expression and IL-9 repression. In addition, propionate was found to negatively impact in vitro differentiation of IL-13-expressing T cells. Butyrate treatment attenuated lung inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice, which presented lower frequency of lung-infiltrated Th9 cells and eosinophils. Both Th9 cell adoptive transfer and IL-9 treatment restored lung inflammation in butyrate-treated OVA-challenged mice, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may rely on suppressing Th9-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Souza Vieira
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor) School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Camargo RM, da Silva WL, Medeiros P, Belone ADFF, Latini ACP. Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 and IL2RA genes are associated with clinical forms of leprosy in Brazilian population. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180274. [PMID: 30540075 PMCID: PMC6287188 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and compromises the skin and peripheral nerves. This disease has been classified as multibacillary (MB) or paucibacillary (PB) depending on the host immune response. Genetic epidemiology studies in leprosy have shown the influence of human genetic components on the disease outcomes. OBJECTIVES We conducted an association study for IL2RA and TGFB1 genes with clinical forms of leprosy based on two case-control samples. These genes encode important molecules for the immunosuppressive activity of Treg cells and present differential expressions according to the clinical forms of leprosy. Furthermore, IL2RA is a positional candidate gene because it is located near the 10p13 chromosome region, presenting a linkage peak for PB leprosy. METHODS A total of 885 leprosy cases were included in the study; 406 cases from Rondonópolis County (start population), a hyperendemic region for leprosy in Brazil, and 479 cases from São Paulo state (replication population), which has lower epidemiological indexes for the disease. We tested 11 polymorphisms in the IL2RA gene and the missense variant rs1800470 in the TGFB1 gene. FINDINGS The AA genotype of rs2386841 in IL2RA was associated with the PB form in the start population. The AA genotype of rs1800470 in TGFB1 was associated with the MB form in the start population, and this association was confirmed for the replication population. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated, for the first time, an association data with the PB form for a gene located on chromosome 10. In addition, we reported the association of TGFB1 gene with the MB form. Our results place these genes as candidates for validation and replication studies in leprosy polarisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mendes de Camargo
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Weber Laurentino da Silva
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Carla Pereira Latini
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Neumann K, Schiller B, Tiegs G. NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-33: Novel Players in Sterile Liver Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2732. [PMID: 30213101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin”, which is released from damaged and necrotic cells. IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine that targets a broad range of immune cells and exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory properties dependent on the disease. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-33 in sterile liver inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in liver disease.
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Blaya D, Aguilar-Bravo B, Hao F, Casacuberta-Serra S, Coll M, Perea L, Vallverdú J, Graupera I, Pose E, Llovet L, Barquinero J, Cubero FJ, Caballería J, Ginès P, Sancho-Bru P. Expression of microRNA-155 in inflammatory cells modulates liver injury. Hepatology 2018; 68:691-706. [PMID: 29420849 PMCID: PMC6082738 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is involved in immune and inflammatory diseases and is associated with liver fibrosis and steatohepatitis. However, the mechanisms involved in miR-155 regulation of liver injury are largely unknown. The role of miR-155 in acute liver injury was assessed in wild-type (WT), miR-155-/- , and miR-155-/- mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. Additionally, miR-155 expression was evaluated in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Concanavalin A, but not acetaminophen, treatment increased the expression of miR-155 in liver tissue of WT mice. Concanavalin A induced increases in cell death, liver aminotransferases, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligands 1, 5, 9, 10, and 11; chemokine [C-C motif] ligands 2 and 20; and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1) in miR-155-/- compared to WT mice. Importantly, these animals showed a significant decrease in cluster of differentiation 4-positive/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3-positive and forkhead box p3-positive cell recruitment but no changes in other inflammatory cell populations. Mechanistically, miR-155-deficient regulatory T cells showed increased SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 expression, a known target of miR-155. Inhibition of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 in miR-155-/- mice restored forkhead box p3 recruitment and reduced liver cytokine expression. Transplantation of bone marrow from WT animals into miR-155-/- mice partially reversed the effect of concanavalin A on miR-155-/- mice as assessed by proinflammatory cytokines and cell death protein expression. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis showed a marked increase in miR-155 expression in the liver but reduced expression of miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION miR-155 expression is altered in both liver tissue and circulating inflammatory cells during liver injury, thus regulating inflammatory cell recruitment and liver damage; these results suggest that maintaining miR-155 expression in inflammatory cells might be a potential strategy to modulate liver injury. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Blaya
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilar-Bravo
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fengjie Hao
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mar Coll
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Perea
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vallverdú
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Pose
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llovet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barquinero
- Gene and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Laboratory of Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Kawano Y, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM, Azzi J. Multiple Myeloma and the Immune Microenvironment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 17:806-818. [PMID: 28201978 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170214102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the great advances in the field of cancer therapy in recent years is the emergence of immune therapies. Immune therapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising results in pre-clinical models and clinical trials of solid tumors, such as melanoma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting the immune microenvironment have also been applied to hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasia characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells mainly in the bone marrow (BM). MM is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies, indicating that the evolution of the disease from a precursor state (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (sMM)) is associated with an immunosuppressive milieu that fosters immune escape and tumor growth. Despite significant advances in treatment, MM is mostly an incurable disease. Therefore, it is vital to develop novel therapeutic agents that not only target the MM clone itself but also the MM immune microenvironment. However, the complexity of the BM microenvironment and heterogeneity of tumor cell clones make it a difficult task for developing appropriate immune therapies of MM. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the interaction between malignant plasma cells and the bone marrow immune microenvironment during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. United States
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. United States
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. United States
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. United States
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30
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Su C, Su L, Li Y, Chang J, Zhang W, Walker W, Xavier RJ, Cherayil BJ, Shi HN, Shi HN. Helminth-induced alterations of the gut microbiota exacerbate bacterial colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:144-157. [PMID: 28352104 PMCID: PMC5620113 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the intestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus exacerbates the colitis caused by the bacterial enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium. To clarify the underlying mechanism, we analyzed fecal microbiota composition of control and helminth-infected mice and evaluated the functional role of compositional differences by microbiota transplantation experiments. Our results showed that infection of Balb/c mice with H. polygyrus resulted in significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, characterized by a marked increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreases in Firmicutes and Lactobacillales. Recipients of the gut microbiota from helminth-infected wide-type, but not STAT6-deficient, Balb/c donors had increased fecal pathogen shedding and significant worsening of Citrobacter-induced colitis compared to recipients of microbiota from control donors. Recipients of helminth-altered microbiota also displayed increased regulatory T cells and IL-10 expression. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells and neutralization of IL-10 in recipients of helminth-altered microbiota led to reduced stool C. rodentium numbers and attenuated colitis. These results indicate that alteration of the gut microbiota is a significant contributor to the H. polygyrus-induced exacerbation of C. rodentium colitis. The helminth-induced alteration of the microbiota is Th2-dependent and acts by promoting regulatory T cells that suppress protective responses to bacterial enteropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienwen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129
| | - Libo Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yali Li
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129,Zhejiang University, Hongzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jeffrey Chang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129,Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - W.A. Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Bobby J. Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129,Corresponding author: Hai Ning Shi, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Building 114 16th Street, Room 3504, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA Phone: (617)-726-4173; Fax: (617)-726-4172.
| | - H N Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Yang X, Li J, Liu J, Gao M, Zhou L, Lu W. Relationship of Treg/Th17 balance with HBeAg change in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving telbivudine antiviral treatment: A longitudinal observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7064. [PMID: 28591041 PMCID: PMC5466219 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telbivudine (LdT) is an orally L-nucleoside with potent and specific antihepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. The higher rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion of LdT treatment than other anti-HBV agents suggests a potential immunomodulatory effect. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of regulatory T cell (Treg)/interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+T helper (Th17) balance during LdT treatment and to discuss the relationship of Treg/Th17 balance with HBeAg change in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving LdT antiviral treatment. Twenty-seven HBeAg-positive CHB patients received LdT for 24 weeks and the percentages of Tregs and cells (Th17 cells) in peripheral blood as well as the serum TGF-β1 and IL-17 levels in these patients were longitudinally analyzed. We found that the frequencies of Tregs and Th17 cells in peripheral blood as well as the serum TGF-β1 and IL-17 levels increased significantly in CHB patients compared with healthy controls. During the LdT treatment, the Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level tended to decrease, and Th17 cells frequency and IL-17 level showed a reverse "V"-type change. The frequency of Tregs and the ratio of Treg/Th17 were significantly lower in the HBeAg loss group than those in the HBeAg no-loss group at the baseline. More important, the Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level were both positively correlated with HBeAg level during the LdT treatment for 24 weeks. Our data suggest that the lower Tregs frequency and Treg/Th17 ratio at the baseline of LdT treatment, the more likely to get the HBeAg loss. HBeAg negative can be predicted using changes in Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level during LdT treatment in CHB patients. Maybe we could provide the immunology marker for exploring the mechanism of the higher HBeAg seroconversion rate of LdT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Infection Disease, Baoji People's Hospital. Baoji, Shaanxi Province
| | - Jia Li
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology. Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology. Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gao
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology. Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology. Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology. Tianjin, China
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32
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Su S, Liao J, Liu J, Huang D, He C, Chen F, Yang L, Wu W, Chen J, Lin L, Zeng Y, Ouyang N, Cui X, Yao H, Su F, Huang JD, Lieberman J, Liu Q, Song E. Blocking the recruitment of naive CD4 + T cells reverses immunosuppression in breast cancer. Cell Res 2017; 27:461-482. [PMID: 28290464 PMCID: PMC5385617 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, critical mediators of tumor immunosuppression, is unclear. Here, we show that tumor-infiltrating naive CD4+ T cells and Tregs in human breast cancer have overlapping TCR repertoires, while hardly overlap with circulating Tregs, suggesting that intratumoral Tregs mainly develop from naive T cells in situ rather than from recruited Tregs. Furthermore, the abundance of naive CD4+ T cells and Tregs is closely correlated, both indicating poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Naive CD4+ T cells adhere to tumor slices in proportion to the abundance of CCL18-producing macrophages. Moreover, adoptively transferred human naive CD4+ T cells infiltrate human breast cancer orthotopic xenografts in a CCL18-dependent manner. In human breast cancer xenografts in humanized mice, blocking the recruitment of naive CD4+ T cells into tumor by knocking down the expression of PITPNM3, a CCL18 receptor, significantly reduces intratumoral Tregs and inhibits tumor progression. These findings suggest that breast tumor-infiltrating Tregs arise from chemotaxis of circulating naive CD4+ T cells that differentiate into Tregs in situ. Inhibiting naive CD4+ T cell recruitment into tumors by interfering with PITPNM3 recognition of CCL18 may be an attractive strategy for anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jianyou Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Di Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Chonghua He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - LinBing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yunjie Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiuying Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Fengxi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jian-dong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- E-mail:
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- E-mail:
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- E-mail:
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33
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Zaynagetdinov R, Sherrill TP, Gleaves LA, Hunt P, Han W, McLoed AG, Saxon JA, Tanjore H, Gulleman PM, Young LR, Blackwell TS. Chronic NF-κB activation links COPD and lung cancer through generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lungs. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5470-82. [PMID: 26756215 PMCID: PMC4868699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB is positioned to provide the interface between COPD and carcinogenesis through regulation of chronic inflammation in the lungs. Using a tetracycline-inducible transgenic mouse model that conditionally expresses activated IκB kinase β (IKKβ) in airway epithelium (IKTA), we found that sustained NF-κB signaling results in chronic inflammation and emphysema by 4 months. By 11 months of transgene activation, IKTA mice develop lung adenomas. Investigation of lung inflammation in IKTA mice revealed a substantial increase in M2-polarized macrophages and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). Depletion of alveolar macrophages in IKTA mice reduced Tregs, increased lung CD8+ lymphocytes, and reduced tumor numbers following treatment with the carcinogen urethane. Alveolar macrophages from IKTA mice supported increased generation of inducible Foxp3+ Tregs ex vivo through expression of TGFβ and IL-10. Targeting of TGFβ and IL-10 reduced the ability of alveolar macrophages from IKTA mice to induce Foxp3 expression on T cells. These studies indicate that sustained activation of NF-κB pathway links COPD and lung cancer through generation and maintenance of a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory environment consisting of alternatively activated macrophages and regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Pierre Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Peter M Gulleman
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37232 USA
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34
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Heeren AM, de Boer E, Bleeker MCG, Musters RJP, Buist MR, Kenter GG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Nodal metastasis in cervical cancer occurs in clearly delineated fields of immune suppression in the pelvic lymph catchment area. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32484-93. [PMID: 26431490 PMCID: PMC4741707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In cervical cancer, high frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immunosuppressive PD-L1+CD14+ antigen-presenting cells dominate the microenvironment of tumor-positive lymph nodes (LN+). It is unknown whether this is restricted to LN+ or precedes metastasis, emanating from the primary tumor and spreading through tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). To investigate immunosuppression in the lymphatic basin of cervical tumors, all dissected TDLNs of five cervical cancer patients (in total 9 LN+ and 74 tumor-negative lymph nodes (LN−)) were analyzed for FoxP3+ Tregs, CD8+ T cells, HLA-DR+- and PD-L1+ myeloid cells by immunohistochemistry. Tregs and PD-L1+ cells were found to form an immunosuppressive cordon around metastatic tumor cells. Importantly, whereas high HLA-DR+- and PD-L1+ cell rates were strongly associated with LN+, elevated Treg levels and decreased CD8+ T cell/Treg ratios were found similar in LN+ and adjacent LN−, as compared to LN− at more distant anatomical localizations. These data suggest that delineated fields of Treg-associated immune suppression in anatomically co-localized TDLNs enable metastasis by creating metastatic niches. This may be of importance for decision-making regarding (surgical) intervention in cervical cancer. Future efforts should include the implementation of immunotherapeutic regimens to overcome this immune suppression, establish loco-regional control and halt systemic tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marijne Heeren
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline de Boer
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marrije R Buist
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Gynecology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Timperi E, Pacella I, Schinzari V, Focaccetti C, Sacco L, Farelli F, Caronna R, Del Bene G, Longo F, Ciardi A, Morelli S, Vestri AR, Chirletti P, Barnaba V, Piconese S. Regulatory T cells with multiple suppressive and potentially pro-tumor activities accumulate in human colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1175800. [PMID: 27622025 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1175800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tregs can contribute to tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immunity. Exceptionally, in human colorectal cancer (CRC), Tregs are thought to exert beneficial roles in controlling pro-tumor chronic inflammation. The goal of our study was to characterize CRC-infiltrating Tregs at multiple levels, by phenotypical, molecular and functional evaluation of Tregs from the tumor site, compared to non-tumoral mucosa and peripheral blood of CRC patients. The frequency of Tregs was higher in mucosa than in blood, and further significantly increased in tumor. Ex vivo, those Tregs suppressed the proliferation of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. A differential compartmentalization was detected between Helios(high) and Helios(low) Treg subsets (thymus-derived versus peripherally induced): while Helios(low) Tregs were enriched in both sites, only Helios(high) Tregs accumulated significantly and specifically in tumors, displayed a highly demethylated TSDR region and contained high proportions of cells expressing CD39 and OX40, markers of activation and suppression. Besides the suppression of T cells, Tregs may contribute to CRC progression also through releasing IL-17, or differentiating into Tfr cells that potentially antagonize a protective Tfh response, events that were both detected in tumor-associated Tregs. Overall, our data indicate that Treg accumulation may contribute through multiple mechanisms to CRC establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Timperi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Schinzari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Sacco
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Farelli
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Caronna
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Del Bene
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Longo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche e Anatomo-Patologiche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Chirletti
- Sezione di Chirurgia Interdisciplinare "F. Durante", Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Santegoets SJAM, Dijkgraaf EM, Battaglia A, Beckhove P, Britten CM, Gallimore A, Godkin A, Gouttefangeas C, de Gruijl TD, Koenen HJPM, Scheffold A, Shevach EM, Staats J, Taskén K, Whiteside TL, Kroep JR, Welters MJP, van der Burg SH. Monitoring regulatory T cells in clinical samples: consensus on an essential marker set and gating strategy for regulatory T cell analysis by flow cytometry. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1271-86. [PMID: 26122357 PMCID: PMC4554737 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression is considered a major obstacle for successful cancer immunotherapy. The association between clinical outcome and Tregs is being studied extensively in clinical trials, but unfortunately, no consensus has been reached about (a) the markers and (b) the gating strategy required to define human Tregs in this context, making it difficult to draw final conclusions. Therefore, we have organized an international workshop on the detection and functional testing of Tregs with leading experts in the field, and 40 participants discussing different analyses and the importance of different markers and context in which Tregs were analyzed. This resulted in a rationally composed ranking list of "Treg markers". Subsequently, the proposed Treg markers were tested to get insight into the overlap/differences between the most frequently used Treg definitions and their utility for Treg detection in various human tissues. Here, we conclude that the CD3, CD4, CD25, CD127, and FoxP3 markers are the minimally required markers to define human Treg cells. Staining for Ki67 and CD45RA showed to provide additional information on the activation status of Tregs. The use of markers was validated in a series of PBMC from healthy donors and cancer patients, as well as in tumor-draining lymph nodes and freshly isolated tumors. In conclusion, we propose an essential marker set comprising antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD25, CD127, Foxp3, Ki67, and CD45RA and a corresponding robust gating strategy for the context-dependent analysis of Tregs by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands,
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37
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Stervbo U, Bozzetti C, Baron U, Jürchott K, Meier S, Mälzer JN, Nienen M, Olek S, Rachwalik D, Schulz AR, Neumann A, Babel N, Grützkau A, Thiel A. Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part II): immunophenotyping of adaptive immune B and T cell subsets. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:93. [PMID: 26324156 PMCID: PMC5005833 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence results from a continuous deterioration of immune responses resulting in a decreased response to vaccines. A well-described age-related alteration of the immune system is the decrease of de novo generation of T and B cells. In addition, the accumulation of memory cells and loss of diversity in antigen specificities resulting from a lifetime of exposure to pathogens has also been described. However, the effect of aging on subsets of γδTCR(+) T cells and Tregs has been poorly described, and the efficacy of the recall response to common persistent infections in the elderly remains obscure. Here, we investigated alterations in the subpopulations of the B and T cells among 24 healthy young (aged 19-30) and 26 healthy elderly (aged 53-67) individuals. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry using freshly collected peripheral blood. γδTCR(+) T cells were overall decreased, while CD4(+)CD8(-) cells among γδTCR(+) T cells were increased in the elderly. Helios(+)Foxp3(+) and Helios(-)Foxp3(+) Treg cells were unaffected with age. Recent thymic emigrants, based on CD31 expression, were decreased among the Helios(+)Foxp3(+), but not the Helios(-)Foxp3(+) cell populations. We observed a decrease in Adenovirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and an increase in CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the elderly. Similarly, INFγ(+)TNFα(+) double-positive cells were decreased among activated T cells after Adenovirus stimulation but increased after CMV stimulation. The data presented here indicate that γδTCR(+) T cells might stabilize B cells, and functional senescence might dominate at higher ages than those studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Stervbo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Baron
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Meier
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Nora Mälzer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Rachwalik
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Avidan Neumann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Safinia N, Scotta C, Vaikunthanathan T, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Regulatory T Cells: Serious Contenders in the Promise for Immunological Tolerance in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:438. [PMID: 26379673 PMCID: PMC4553385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in immunoregulation and have been shown in animal models to promote transplantation tolerance and curb autoimmunity following their adoptive transfer. The safety and potential therapeutic efficacy of these cells has already been reported in Phase I trials of bone-marrow transplantation and type I diabetes, the success of which has motivated the broadened application of these cells in solid-organ transplantation. Despite major advances in the clinical translation of these cells, there are still key questions to be addressed to ensure that Tregs attest their reputation as ideal candidates for tolerance induction. In this review, we will discuss the unique traits of Tregs that have attracted such fame in the arena of tolerance induction. We will outline the protocols used for their ex vivo expansion and discuss the future directions of Treg cell therapy. In this regard, we will review the concept of Treg heterogeneity, the desire to isolate and expand a functionally superior Treg population and report on the effect of differing culture conditions. The relevance of Treg migratory capacity will also be discussed together with methods of in vivo visualization of the infused cells. Moreover, we will highlight key advances in the identification and expansion of antigen-specific Tregs and discuss their significance for cell therapy application. We will also summarize the clinical parameters that are of importance, alongside cell manufacture, from the choice of immunosuppression regimens to the number of injections in order to direct the success of future efficacy trials of Treg cell therapy. Years of research in the field of tolerance have seen an accumulation of knowledge and expertise in the field of Treg biology. This perpetual progression has been the driving force behind the many successes to date and has put us now within touching distance of our ultimate success, immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Safinia
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Cristiano Scotta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Trishan Vaikunthanathan
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Robert I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
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39
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Bao W, Zhong H, Yazdanbakhsh K. Immunologic characterization suggests reduced alloimmunization in a murine model of thalassemia intermedia. Transfusion 2014; 54:2880-91. [PMID: 24797509 PMCID: PMC4221584 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion therapy remains a mainstay of treatment for patients with thalassemia major and to a lesser extent for the less anemic patients with thalassemia intermedia. We have previously reported a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the control of antibody responses in wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice exposed to allogeneic red blood cell transfusions. As an initial step to study and characterize immune regulation in thalassemias, we performed an immunologic cell-type characterization of C57BL/6 Hbb(th-1)/Hbb(th-1) mouse model of thalassemia intermedia (Thal) in steady state as well as after transfusions with allogeneic blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The myeloid and lymphocyte compartments including Tregs and T helper (Th) responses were analyzed in transfusion naive Thal and WT mouse spleens. The effect of allogeneic transfusions on Treg and global T helper responses was also measured. RESULTS We found elevated levels and activity of splenic Tregs in Thal mice with lower Th type 1/Th type 2 ratios before as well as after transfusion. Furthermore, pretransfused Thal mice had altered ratios of the splenic myeloid compartment with increased proportion of macrophages but lower frequency of conventional dendritic cells. Surprisingly, transfusions resulted in lower alloimmunization levels in Thal compared to WT mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that this experimental model of thalassemia intermedia has an intrinsic alteration in splenic immunoregulation with an increased resistance to alloimmunization, raising the possibility that studying this animal model may help to identify potential immunoregulatory networks to inhibit alloimmunization.
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40
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Regeling A, Somasundaram R, de Haar C, van der Woude CJ, Braat H, Peppelenbosch MP. Role of defective autophagia and the intestinal flora in Crohn disease. Self Nonself 2014; 1:323-327. [PMID: 21487507 DOI: 10.4161/self.1.4.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the development of Crohn disease (CD) remain controversial, but sufficient data have been collected to suggest that an uncontrolled immune response within the intestinal mucosa leads to inflammation in a genetically susceptible host. Although lack of mucosal regulatory T cells causes colitis in humans and experimental rodents, patients with CD have more rather than less regulatory activity in the intestine, apparently excluding defects in tolerance as the cause of CD. Genome-wide association studies have identified many gene variants that confer susceptibility and which seem associated to diminished functioning of especially innate immunity. In apparent agreement, CD patients are impaired with respect to innate immune responses and controlling bacterial flora in the intestine. Furthermore, severe genetic deficiencies in innate immunity, like e.g., lack of NADP oxidase activity or diminished function of the Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein are associated with colitis in mice and men, and are often mistakenly diagnosed as CD. Thus we favor the view that the primary defect in CD is a lack in innate immunity, causing second tier immunological defenses to combat otherwise easily controlled bacterial breaches of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Regeling
- Diseases University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rajesh Somasundaram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin de Haar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henri Braat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yüksel M, Laukens D, Heindryckx F, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A, Wong FS, Wen L, Colle I. Hepatitis mouse models: from acute-to-chronic autoimmune hepatitis. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:309-20. [PMID: 25112417 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with interface hepatitis, raised plasma liver enzymes, the presence of autoantibodies and regulatory T-cell (Tregs) dysfunction. The clinical course is heterogeneous, manifested by a fulminant or indolent course. Although genetic predisposition is well accepted, the combination with currently undefined environmental factors is crucial for the development of the disease. Progress in the development of reliable animal models provides added understanding of the pathophysiology of AIH, and these will be very useful in evaluating potential therapeutics. It appears that artificially breaking tolerance in the liver is easy. However, maintaining this state of tolerance breakdown, to get chronic hepatitis, is difficult because liver immune homeostasis is strongly regulated by several immune response inhibitory mechanisms. For example, Tregs are crucial regulators in acute and chronic hepatitis, and C57BL/6 mice are most prone to experimental AIH. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with liver (AIH) autoantigens (CYP2D6/FTCD or IL-4R) and the disturbance of liver regulatory mechanism(s), leading to experimental AIH, are likely to be most representative of human AIH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yüksel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Khan MA, Moeez S, Akhtar S. T-regulatory cell-mediated immune tolerance as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy to facilitate graft survival. Blood Transfus 2013; 11:357-63. [PMID: 23736920 PMCID: PMC3729125 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0258-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States of America.
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Cabrera SM, Rigby MR, Mirmira RG. Targeting regulatory T cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:1261-72. [PMID: 22709273 PMCID: PMC3709459 DOI: 10.2174/156652412803833634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease resulting in islet β cell destruction, hypoinsulinemia, and severely altered glucose homeostasis. T1DM has classically been attributed to the pathogenic actions of auto-reactive effector T cells(Teffs) on the β cell. Recent literature now suggests that a failure of a second T cell subtype, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), plays a critical role in the development of T1DM. During immune homeostasis, Tregs counterbalance the actions of autoreactive Teff cells, thereby participating in peripheral tolerance. An imbalance in the activity between Teff and Tregs may be crucial in the breakdown of peripheral tolerance, leading to the development of T1DM. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of Treg function in health and in T1DM, and examine the effect of experimental therapies for T1DM on Treg cell number and function in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M. Cabrera
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mark R. Rigby
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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44
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McPherson SW, Heuss ND, Gregerson DS. Regulation of CD8(+) T Cell Responses to Retinal Antigen by Local FoxP3(+) Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2012; 3:166. [PMID: 22737153 PMCID: PMC3380377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While pathogenic CD4 T cells are well known mediators of autoimmune uveoretinitis, CD8 T cells can also be uveitogenic. Since preliminary studies indicated that C57BL/6 mice were minimally susceptible to autoimmune uveoretinitis induction by CD8 T cells, the basis of the retinal disease resistance was sought. Mice that express β-galactosidase (βgal) on a retina-specific promoter (arrβgal mice) were backcrossed to mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor (DTR) under control of the Foxp3 promoter (Foxp3-DTR/GFP mice), and to T cell receptor transgenic mice that produce βgal-specific CD8 T cells (BG1 mice). These mice were used to explore the role of regulatory T cells in the resistance to retinal autoimmune disease. Experiments with T cells from double transgenic BG1 × Foxp3-DTR/GFP mice transferred into Foxp3-DTR/GFP × arrβgal mice confirmed that the retina was well protected from attempts to induce disease by adoptive transfer of activated BG1 T cells. The successful induction of retinal disease following unilateral intraocular administration of DTx to deplete regulatory T cells showed that the protective activity was dependent on local, toxin-sensitive regulatory T cells; the opposite, untreated eye remained disease-free. Although there were very few Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the parenchyma of quiescent retina, and they did not accumulate in retina, their depletion by local toxin administration led to disease susceptibility. We propose that these regulatory T cells modulate the pathogenic activity of βgal-specific CD8 T cells in the retinas of arrβgal mice on a local basis, allowing immuno regulation to be responsive to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W McPherson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial Watch: Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2012; 1:306-315. [PMID: 22737606 PMCID: PMC3382856 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, several approaches for the activation of the immune system against cancer have been developed. These include rather unselective maneuvers such as the systemic administration of immunostimulatory agents (e.g., interleukin-2) as well as targeted interventions, encompassing highly specific monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and cell-based therapies. Among the latter, adoptive cell transfer (ACT) involves the selection of autologous lymphocytes with antitumor activity, their expansion/activation ex vivo, and their reinfusion into the patient, often in the context of lymphodepleting regimens (to minimize endogenous immunosuppression). Such autologous cells can be isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or generated by manipulating circulating lymphocytes for the expression of tumor-specific T-cell receptors. In addition, autologous lymphocytes can be genetically engineered to prolong their in vivo persistence, to boost antitumor responses and/or to minimize side effects. ACT has recently been shown to be associated with a consistent rate of durable regressions in melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients and holds great promises in several other oncological settings. In this Trial Watch, we will briefly review the scientific rationale behind ACT and discuss the progress of recent clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of adoptive cell transfer as an anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Wolf Herve´ Fridman
- INSERM; U872; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM; U872; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM; U872; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- INSERM; U970; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- INSERM; U1015; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Metabolomics Platform; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
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46
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Bao B, Thakur A, Li Y, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Banerjee S, Kong D, Ali S, Lum LG, Sarkar FH. The immunological contribution of NF-κB within the tumor microenvironment: a potential protective role of zinc as an anti-tumor agent. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1825:160-72. [PMID: 22155217 PMCID: PMC3811120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over decades, cancer treatment has been mainly focused on targeting cancer cells and not much attention to host tumor microenvironment. Recent advances suggest that the tumor microenvironment requires in-depth investigation for understanding the interactions between tumor cell biology and immunobiology in order to optimize therapeutic approaches. Tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and tumor associated reactive fibroblasts, infiltrating non-cancer cells, secreted soluble factors or molecules, and non-cellular support materials. Tumor associated host immune cells such as Th(1), Th(2), Th17, regulatory cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are major components of the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence suggests that these tumor associated immune cells may play important roles in cancer development and progression. However, the exact functions of these cells in the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. In the tumor microenvironment, NF-κB plays an important role in cancer development and progression because this is a major transcription factor which regulates immune functions within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will focus our discussion on the immunological contribution of NF-κB in tumor associated host immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss the potential protective role of zinc, a well-known immune response mediator, in the regulation of these immune cells and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment especially because zinc could be useful for conditioning the tumor microenvironment toward innovative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence G. Lum
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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47
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Abstract
Characterized by immunosuppression regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. A growing number of tumours have been found with Tregs accumulating in microenvironment and patients with high density of Tregs in tumour stroma get a worse prognosis, which suggests that Tregs may inhibit anti-tumour immunity in stroma, resulting in a poor prognosis. In this paper, we demonstrate the accumulation of Tregs in tumour stroma and the possible suppressive mechanisms. We also state the immunotherapy that has being used in animal and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- *Correspondence to: Fu DA, Ph.D., Xizhong SHEN, M.D., The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel.: +86-21-54230545, +86-21-64041990 Fax: +86-21-54230545, +86-21-64038038 E-mail: ,
| | | | - Ying Fang
- The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Wu
- The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lili Liu
- The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- The Department of Gastroenterology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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48
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Wainwright DA, Sengupta S, Han Y, Lesniak MS. Thymus-derived rather than tumor-induced regulatory T cells predominate in brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:1308-23. [PMID: 21908444 PMCID: PMC3223094 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with an average survival time of 15 months. Previously, we and others demonstrated that CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrate human GBM as well as mouse models that recapitulate malignant brain tumors. However, whether brain tumor-resident Tregs are thymus-derived natural Tregs (nTregs) or induced Tregs (iTregs), by the conversion of conventional CD4(+) T cells, has not been established. To investigate this question, we utilized the i.c. implanted GL261 cell-based orthotopic mouse model, the RasB8 transgenic astrocytoma mouse model, and a human GBM tissue microarray. We demonstrate that Tregs in brain tumors are predominantly thymus derived, since thymectomy, prior to i.c. GL261 cell implantation, significantly decreased the level of Tregs in mice with brain tumors. Accordingly, most Tregs in human GBM and mouse brain tumors expressed the nTreg transcription factor, Helios. Interestingly, a significant effect of the brain tumor microenvironment on Treg lineage programming was observed, based on higher levels of brain tumor-resident Tregs expressing glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD103 and lower levels of Tregs expressing CD62L and CD45RB compared with peripheral Tregs. Furthermore, there was a higher level of nTregs in brain tumors that expressed the proliferative marker Ki67 compared with iTregs and conventional CD4(+) T cells. Our study demonstrates that future Treg-depleting therapies should aim to selectively target systemic rather than intratumoral nTregs in brain tumor-specific immunotherapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Glioblastoma/immunology
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/mortality
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Thymectomy
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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49
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Zhao Y, Thornton AM, Kinney MC, Ma CA, Spinner JJ, Fuss IJ, Shevach EM, Jain A. The deubiquitinase CYLD targets Smad7 protein to regulate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and the development of regulatory T cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40520-30. [PMID: 21931165 PMCID: PMC3220473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CYLD is a lysine 63-deubiquitinating enzyme that inhibits NF-κB and JNK signaling. Here, we show that CYLD knock-out mice have markedly increased numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral lymphoid organs but not in the thymus. In vitro stimulation of CYLD-deficient naive T cells with anti-CD3/28 in the presence of TGF-β led to a marked increase in the number of Foxp3-expressing T cells when compared with stimulated naive control CD4(+) cells. Under endogenous conditions, CYLD formed a complex with Smad7 that facilitated CYLD deubiquitination of Smad7 at lysine 360 and 374 residues. Moreover, this site-specific ubiquitination of Smad7 was required for activation of TAK1 and p38 kinases. Finally, knockdown of Smad7 or inhibition of p38 activity in primary T cells impaired Treg differentiation. Together, our results show that CYLD regulates TGF-β signaling function in T cells and the development of Tregs through deubiquitination of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela M. Thornton
- Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Chi A. Ma
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses and
| | | | | | - Ethan M. Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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50
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Abstract
CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T lymphocytes, known as regulatory T cells or T(regs), have been proposed to be a lineage of professional immune suppressive cells that exclusively counteract the effects of the immunoprotective "helper" and "cytotoxic" lineages of T lymphocytes. Here we discuss new concepts on the mechanisms and functions of T(regs). There are several key points we emphasize: 1. Tregs exert suppressive effects both directly on effector T cells and indirectly through antigen-presenting cells; 2. Regulation can occur through a novel mechanism of cytokine consumption to regulate as opposed to the usual mechanism of cytokine/chemokine production; 3. In cases where CD4⁺ effector T cells are directly inhibited by T(regs), it is chiefly through a mechanism of lymphokine withdrawal apoptosis leading to polyclonal deletion; and 4. Contrary to the current view, we discuss new evidence that T(regs), similar to other T-cells lineages, can promote protective immune responses in certain infectious contexts (Chen et al., 2011; Pandiyan et al., 2011). Although these points are at variance to varying degrees with the standard model of T(reg) behavior, we will recount developing findings that support these new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA.
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