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Wu D, Li X, Liu J, Hu C, Li J. Wutou decoction attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the Ahr/LOC101928120/SHC1 pathway. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:811-822. [PMID: 34184948 PMCID: PMC8245077 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1941131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Wutou decoction (WTD) is a Chinese herbal formula alleviating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SHC adaptor protein 1 (SHC1) regulates apoptosis, inflammation, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The LOC101928120 gene is located near the SHC1 gene. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the long non-coding RNA LOC101928120 binds to histone deacetylase HDAC1 that might regulate SHC1 expression. The LOC101928120 gene might be targeted by the transcriptional factor Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). OBJECTIVE This study determines the involvement of the Ahr/LOC101928120/SHC1 pathway in WTD alleviation of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant in the hind footpad to construe the RA model. WTD (9.8 g/kg/day) was administered intragastrically for 15 days. The CHON-001 chondrocyte cells were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) alone or in combination with WTD (1 μg/mL). A RNA pull-down assay was performed to determine the interaction between LOC101928120 and HDAC1. Ahr targeting the LOC101928120 gene was detected using luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS WTD alleviated the swelling of the hind paw in rats with RA and suppressed the chondrocyte apoptosis and ROS production caused by IL-1β. WTD decreased SHC1 but increased LOC101928120 in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. SHC1 knockdown and LOC101928120 overexpression also showed the protection. However, LOC101928120 knockdown attenuated the protective effects of WTD. WTD stimulated Ahr, which promoted LOC101928120 transcription. LOC101928120 recruited HDAC1 to the promoter region of the SHC1 gene, thereby decreasing SHC1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study revealed a new mechanism by which WTD alleviates RA by modulating the Ahr/LOC101928120/SHC1 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/agonists
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/agonists
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/biosynthesis
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiefang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Wang X, Sato F, Tanimoto K, Rajeshwaran N, Thangavelu L, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. The Potential Roles of Dec1 and Dec2 in Periodontal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10349. [PMID: 34638690 PMCID: PMC8508764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is a common inflammatory disease associated with chronic inflammation that can ultimately lead to alveolar attachment loss and bone destruction. Understanding autophagy and pyroptosis has suggested their significant roles in inflammation. In recent years, studies of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed genes 1 and 2 (Dec1 and Dec2) have shown that they play important functions in autophagy and in pyroptosis, which contribute to the onset of periodontal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of clock genes, including Dec1 and Dec2, that are related to periodontal inflammation and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan;
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
| | - Niveda Rajeshwaran
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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3
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Ni L, Wang Z, Fu Z, Liu D, Yin Y, Li H, Gu C. Genome-wide Analysis of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Family Genes and Expression Analysis in Response to Drought and Salt Stresses in Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. et Zucc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168748. [PMID: 34445454 PMCID: PMC8395896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors is one of the most significant and biggest in plants. It is involved in the regulation of both growth and development, as well as stress response. Numerous members of the bHLH family have been found and characterized in woody plants in recent years. However, no systematic study of the bHLH gene family has been published for Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. et Zucc. In this research, we identified 162 bHLH proteins (HhbHLHs) from the genomic and transcriptomic datasets of H. hamabo, which were phylogenetically divided into 19 subfamilies. According to a gene structural study, the number of exon-introns in HhbHLHs varied between zero and seventeen. MEME research revealed that the majority of HhbHLH proteins contained three conserved motifs, 1, 4, and 5. The examination of promoter cis-elements revealed that the majority of HhbHLH genes had several cis-elements involved in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. In addition, the overexpression of HhbHLH2 increased salt and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Ni
- College of Forest Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.N.); (Z.F.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zekai Fu
- College of Forest Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.N.); (Z.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Dina Liu
- College of Forest Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.N.); (Z.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huogen Li
- College of Forest Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.N.); (Z.F.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Chunsun Gu
- College of Forest Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.N.); (Z.F.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.G.)
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Bottes S, Jaeger BN, Pilz GA, Jörg DJ, Cole JD, Kruse M, Harris L, Korobeynyk VI, Mallona I, Helmchen F, Guillemot F, Simons BD, Jessberger S. Long-term self-renewing stem cells in the adult mouse hippocampus identified by intravital imaging. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:225-233. [PMID: 33349709 PMCID: PMC7116750 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. However, the potential for long-term self-renewal of individual NSCs within the adult brain remains unclear. We used two-photon microscopy and followed NSCs that were genetically labeled through conditional recombination driven by the regulatory elements of the stem cell-expressed genes GLI family zinc finger 1 (Gli1) or achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1). Through intravital imaging of NSCs and their progeny, we identify a population of Gli1-targeted NSCs showing long-term self-renewal in the adult hippocampus. In contrast, once activated, Ascl1-targeted NSCs undergo limited proliferative activity before they become exhausted. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that Gli1- and Ascl1-targeted cells have highly similar yet distinct transcriptional profiles, supporting the existence of heterogeneous NSC populations with diverse behavioral properties. Thus, we here identify long-term self-renewing NSCs that contribute to the generation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bottes
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste N Jaeger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Jörg
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Darby Cole
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merit Kruse
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lachlan Harris
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vladislav I Korobeynyk
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Guillemot
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Guo S, Zhang D, Lu X, Zhang Q, Gu R, Sun B, Sun Y. Hypoxia and its possible relationship with endometrial receptivity in adenomyosis: a preliminary study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:7. [PMID: 33419445 PMCID: PMC7791798 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenomyosis (AM) is an important cause of female infertility. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This report describes a preliminary study of hypoxia and its possible association with endometrial receptivity in AM. METHODS The study was divided into in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, expression levels of the endometrial receptivity markers HOXA10 and HOXA11 in the implantation period were examined using real-time PCR and western blotting. Endometrial expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α was determined using immunohistochemistry. In vivo, using an AM mouse model established by oral administration of tamoxifen, we inhibited expression of HIF-2α using an HIF-2α antagonist (PT2399; 30 mg/kg body weight, twice daily by oral gavage for 2 days) and then examined expression levels of Hoxa10 and Hoxa11 using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Endometrial mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA10 and HOXA11 were significantly lower in patients with AM than in control patients. Expression of HIF-2α was significantly higher in the AM group than in the control group, whereas that of HIF-1α and HIF-3α was equivalent in both groups. In vivo analysis showed that administration of the HIF-2α antagonist resulted in increased expression of Hoxa10 and Hoxa11 at both the mRNA and protein levels in AM model mice. CONCLUSIONS HIF-2α overexpression may be one reason for decreased endometrial receptivity in AM. The current findings provide insight into HIF-2α-mediated AM-related infertility and suggest that PT2399 has potential as a treatment for AM. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, NO.16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Obstetrics Department, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, No.12 Central Wuying Hill Road, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, NO.16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ruihuan Gu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, NO.588 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Binghui Sun
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, NO.16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yijuan Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, NO.588 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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6
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Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Anastasiou M, Ngwenyama N, Kaur K, Tai A, Smolgovsky SA, Jetton D, Aronovitz M, Alcaide P. Gut dysbiosis induced by cardiac pressure overload enhances adverse cardiac remodeling in a T cell-dependent manner. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-20. [PMID: 33103561 PMCID: PMC7588211 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1823801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the existing association of gut dysbiosis and T cell inflammation in heart failure (HF), whether and how gut microbes contribute to T cell immune responses, cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in HF remains largely unexplored. Our objective was to investigate whether gut dysbiosis is induced by cardiac pressure overload, and its effect in T cell activation, adverse cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. We used 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and discovered that cardiac pressure overload-induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) results in gut dysbiosis, characterized by a reduction of tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in WT mice, but not in T cell-deficient mice (Tcra-/- ) mice. These changes did not result in T cell activation in the gut or gut barrier disruption. Strikingly, microbiota depletion in WT mice resulted in decreased heart T cell infiltration, decreased cardiac fibrosis, and protection from systolic dysfunction in response to TAC. Spontaneous reconstitution of the microbiota partially reversed these effects. We observed decreased cardiac expression of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and enzymes associated with tryptophan metabolism in WT mice, but not in Tcra-/- mice, or in mice depleted of the microbiota. These findings demonstrate that cardiac pressure overload induced gut dysbiosis and T cell immune responses contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling, and identify the potential contribution of tryptophan metabolites and the AhR to protection from adverse cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Anastasiou
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha A. Smolgovsky
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Jetton
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang P, Chen X, Hu X, Zhou Q, Lin L, Jiang S, Fu H, Xiong Y, Zeng H, Fang M, Chen C, Deng Y. Experimentally Induced Sepsis Causes Extensive Hypomyelination in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Neonatal Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:420-436. [PMID: 32638208 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is associated with cognitive deficit in the later life. Axonal myelination plays a pivotal role in neurotransmission and formation of learning and memory. This study aimed to explore if systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection would induce hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in developing septic neonatal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. By electron microscopy, axonal hypomyelination was evident in the subcortical white matter and hippocampus. The expression of myelin proteins including CNPase, MBP, PLP and MAG was downregulated in both areas of the brain at 7, 14 and 28 days after LPS injection. The frequency of MBP and PLP-positive oligodendrocyte was significantly reduced using in situ hybridization in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at the corresponding time points after LPS injection, whereas the expression of NG2 and PDGFRα was noticeably increased. In tandem with this was reduction of Olig1 and Olig2 expressions which are involved in differentiation/maturation of OPCs. Expression of NFL, NFM, and NFH was significantly downregulated, indicating that axon development was disrupted after LPS injection. Morris Water Maze behavioral test, Open field test, Rotarod test, and Pole test were used to evaluate neurological behaviors of 28 days rats. The rats in the LPS group showed the impairment of motor coordination, balance, memory, and learning ability and represented bradykinesia and anxiety-like behavior. The present results suggest that following systemic LPS injection, differentiation/maturation of OPCs was affected which may be attributed to the inhibition of transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 expression resulting in impairment to axonal development. It is suggested that this would ultimately lead to axonal hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which may be associated with neurological deficits in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Chen X, Zang Y, Li D, Guo J, Wang Y, Lin Y, Wei Z. IDO, TDO, and AHR overexpression is associated with poor outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients in the rituximab era. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19883. [PMID: 32481253 PMCID: PMC7249864 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are involved in cancer immune escape, their prognostic impact on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown.To examine the prognostic impact of IDO, TDO, and AHR on patients with DLBCL.This was a retrospective study on treatment-naïve patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL at the Henan Province People's Hospital between 01/2012 and 06/2015. Patients with inflammatory reactive lymph nodes were included as controls. All cases were reviewed by 2 pathologists. IDO, TDO, and AHR positivity was determined through immunochemistry. Survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox analyses.The positive expression of TDO (50.0% vs 16.7%, P = .005) and AHR (60.0% vs 8.3%, P < .001) were higher in DLBCL than in inflammatory control. The overall survival of IDO, TDO, and AHR positive expression in DLBCL patients was 34.6, 26.7, and 32.2 months, respectively, which is significantly shorter than that of the corresponding negative patients (49.0 months, P = .04; 58.2 months, P < .001; 58.0 months, P < .001; respectively). The multivariable analysis showed that TDO expression and Ann-Arbor stage were independently associated with PFS (TDO: HR = 8.347, 95%CI: 2.992-23.289, P < .001; stage: HR = 2.729, 95%CI: 1.571-4.739, P < .001) and OS (TDO: HR = 9.953, 95%CI: 3.228-30.686, P < .001; stage: HR = 2.681, 95%CI: 1.524-4.719, P = .001) in DLBCL patients.Overexpression of IDO, TDO, and AHR is associated with poor survival of patients with DLBCL and could be involved in the immune escape of cancer cells. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these proteins can be targeted by treatment regimens.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/physiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/physiology
- Retrospective Studies
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/biosynthesis
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/physiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dujuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University
| | | | - Yacai Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Wei
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Attner MA, Keil W, Benavidez JM, Greenwald I. HLH-2/E2A Expression Links Stochastic and Deterministic Elements of a Cell Fate Decision during C. elegans Gonadogenesis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3094-3100.e4. [PMID: 31402303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic mechanisms diversify cell fate in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans [1-4]. In the anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell (AC/VU) fate decision during C. elegans gonadogenesis, two "α cells," each with equal potential to be an AC or a VU, interact via LIN-12/Notch and its ligand LAG-2/DSL [5, 6]. This LIN-12/Notch-mediated interaction engages feedback mechanisms that amplify a stochastic initial difference between the two α cells, ensuring that the cell with higher lin-12 activity becomes the VU while the other becomes the AC [7-9]. The initial difference between the α cells was originally envisaged as a random imbalance from "noise" in lin-12 expression/activity [6]. However, subsequent evidence that the relative birth order of the α cells biases their fates suggested other factors may be operating [7]. Here, we investigate the nature of the initial difference using high-throughput lineage analysis [10]; GFP-tagged endogenous LIN-12, LAG-2, and HLH-2, a conserved transcription factor that orchestrates AC/VU development [7, 11]; and tissue-specific hlh-2 null alleles. We identify two stochastic elements: relative birth order, which largely originates at the beginning of the somatic gonad lineage three generations earlier, and onset of HLH-2 expression, such that the α cell whose parent expressed HLH-2 first is biased toward the VU fate. We find that these elements are interrelated, because initiation of HLH-2 expression is linked to the birth of the parent cell. Finally, we provide a potential deterministic mechanism for the HLH-2 expression bias by showing that hlh-2 is required for LIN-12 expression in the α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Attner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wolfgang Keil
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Justin M Benavidez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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10
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Xie RY, Fang XL, Zheng XB, Lv WZ, Li YJ, Ibrahim Rage H, He QL, Zhu WP, Cui TX. Salidroside and FG-4592 ameliorate high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cells injury via HIF upregulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109175. [PMID: 31351423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing research indicates that hyperglycemia plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, effective treatment for preventing or slowing DN progression are seriously lacking. Although salidroside (SAL) has been demonstrated to have a positive anti-diabetic effect, the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. FG-4592, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, was used to regulate HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of SAL and FG-4592 on high glucose (HG)-induced rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGECs) injury. HG-cultured rGECs were used to induce a diabetic environment. An MTT assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent staining were performed to investigate the effects of SAL on HG-induced rGECs injury. FG-4592 and SAL protected rGECs against HG-induced injury by increasing cellular viability and reducing the cell apoptosis rate. SAL and FG-4592 downregulated PHD-2 expression and upregulated HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SAL and FG-4592 ameliorate HG-induced rGEC injury by upregulating HIF expression, indicating that SAL and FG-4592 might be favorable for further DN-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xue-Ling Fang
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wei-Ze Lv
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yi-Jie Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hamze Ibrahim Rage
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qiao-Lan He
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Tong-Xia Cui
- Department of Nephrology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paneth cells are professional secretory cells found within the small intestinal crypt epithelium. Although their role as part of the innate immune complex providing antimicrobial secretory products is well-known, the mechanisms that control secretory capacity are not well-understood. MIST1 is a scaling factor that is thought to control secretory capacity of exocrine cells. METHODS Mist1+/+ and Mist1-/- mice were used to evaluate the function of MIST1 in small intestinal Paneth cells. We used histologic and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate small intestinal tissue for proliferation and lineage allocation. Total RNA was isolated to evaluate gene expression. Enteroid culture was used to evaluate the impact of the absence of MIST1 expression on intestinal stem cell function. RESULTS Absence of MIST1 resulted in increased numbers of Paneth cells exhibiting an intermediate cell phenotype but otherwise did not alter overall epithelial cell lineage allocation. Muc2 and lysozyme staining confirmed the presence of intermediate cells at the crypt base of Mist1-/- mice. These changes were not associated with changes in mRNA expression of transcription factors associated with lineage allocation, and they were not abrogated by inhibition of Notch signaling. However, the absence of MIST1 expression was associated with alterations in Paneth cell morphology including decreased granule size and distended rough endoplasmic reticulum. Absence of MIST1 was associated with increased budding of enteroid cultures; however, there was no evidence of increased intestinal stem cell numbers in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MIST1 plays an important role in organization of the Paneth cell secretory apparatus and managing endoplasmic reticulum stress. This role occurs downstream of Paneth cell lineage allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
| | - Stephanie King
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Breanna Sheahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jocsa E Cortes
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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12
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Herdy J, Schafer S, Kim Y, Ansari Z, Zangwill D, Ku M, Paquola A, Lee H, Mertens J, Gage FH. Chemical modulation of transcriptionally enriched signaling pathways to optimize the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons. eLife 2019; 8:e41356. [PMID: 31099332 PMCID: PMC6524968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct conversion of human somatic fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs) allows for the generation of functional neurons while bypassing any stem cell intermediary stages. Although iN technology has an enormous potential for modeling age-related diseases, as well as therapeutic approaches, the technology faces limitations due to variable conversion efficiencies and a lack of thorough understanding of the signaling pathways directing iN conversion. Here, we introduce a new all-in-one inducible lentiviral system that simplifies fibroblast transgenesis for the two pioneer transcription factors, Ngn2 and Ascl1, and markedly improves iN yields. Further, our timeline RNA-Seq data across the course of conversion has identified signaling pathways that become transcriptionally enriched during iN conversion. Small molecular modulators were identified for four signaling pathways that reliably increase the yield of iNs. Taken together, these advances provide an improved toolkit for iN technology and new insight into the mechanisms influencing direct iN conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Herdy
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Simon Schafer
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yongsung Kim
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Zoya Ansari
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Dina Zangwill
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Manching Ku
- University Hospital Freiberg, University of FreibergBreisgauGermany
| | - Apua Paquola
- Lieber Institute for Brain DevelopmentBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hyungjun Lee
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBILeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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13
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Biddlestone J, Batie M, Bandarra D, Munoz I, Rocha S. SINHCAF/FAM60A and SIN3A specifically repress HIF-2α expression. Biochem J 2018; 475:2073-2090. [PMID: 29784889 PMCID: PMC6024822 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The SIN3A-HDAC (histone deacetylase) complex is a master transcriptional repressor, required for development but often deregulated in disease. Here, we report that the recently identified new component of this complex, SINHCAF (SIN3A and HDAC-associated factor)/FAM60A (family of homology 60A), links the SIN3A-HDAC co-repressor complex function to the hypoxia response. We show that SINHCAF specifically represses HIF-2α mRNA and protein expression, via its interaction with the transcription factor SP1 (specificity protein 1) and recruitment of HDAC1 to the HIF-2α promoter. SINHCAF control over HIF-2α results in functional cellular changes in in vitro angiogenesis and viability. Our analysis reveals an unexpected link between SINHCAF and the regulation of the hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
- SCREDS Clinical Lecturer in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Ivan Munoz
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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14
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Yao P, Sun Z, Li C, Zhao X, Li M, Deng R, Huang Y, Zhao H, Chen H, Wu Q. Overexpression of Fagopyrum tataricum FtbHLH2 enhances tolerance to cold stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 125:85-94. [PMID: 29427891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
bHLH transcription factors play important roles in the abiotic stress response in plants, but their characteristics and functions in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a traditional coarse cereal with a strong stress tolerance, haven't been sufficiently studied. Here, we found that the expression of a bHLH gene, FtbHLH2, was induced significantly by cold treatments in Tartary buckwheat seedlings. Subcellular localization indicated that FtbHLH2 localized in nucleus. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis increased tolerance to cold. The Arabidopsis plants overexpressing FtbHLH2 displayed higher root length and photosynthetic efficiency, and had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after cold treatment compared to wild type (WT) plants. Meanwhile, the expression levels of some stress-related genes in transgenic plants were remarkably higher than that in wild type under normal and/or stress conditions. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis lines with the FtbHLH2 promoter had higher GUS activity after cold stress. On the whole, the results suggest that FtbHLH2 may play a positive regulatory in cold stress of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Maofei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Renyu Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yunji Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China.
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15
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Li R, Jia Y, Yu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Chen H, Hu X. Nitric oxide promotes light-initiated seed germination by repressing PIF1 expression and stabilizing HFR1. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 123:204-212. [PMID: 29248678 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in the life cycle of plants and is tightly controlled by internal and external signals. Phytochrome photoreceptors perceive light stimulation to promote seed germination. Previous studies have shown that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTION FACTOR 1 (PIF1) is a negative regulatory factor and represses seed germination, while LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) sequesters PIF1 by forming a heterodimer to relieve the inhibitory effect of seed germination during the initial phase. Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to break seed dormancy, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we report that NO signal enhances phytochrome B (PHYB)-dependent seed germination, and PHYB perceives red light stimulation to activate NR activity and NO accumulation. NO signal not only downregulates the transcription of PIF1, but also stabilize HFR1 proteins to intensify the interaction of the HFR1-PIF1 heterodimer, and compensate for the inhibitory effect of PIF1 on its target genes associated with hormone metabolism and cell wall loosening, consequently initiating seed germination. Thus, our results reveal a new mechanism for NO signals in modulating PHYB-mediated seed germination by repressing PIF1 expression at the transcriptional level as well as preventing PIF1 activity by stabilizing HFR1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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16
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Kumar A, Huh TL, Choe J, Rhee M. Rnf152 Is Essential for NeuroD Expression and Delta-Notch Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryos. Mol Cells 2017; 40:945-953. [PMID: 29276941 PMCID: PMC5750713 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the biological functions of a zebrafish homologue of RING-finger protein 152 (rnf152) during embryogenesis. rnf152 was initially identified as a brain-enriched E3 ligase involved in early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Expression of rnf152 was ubiquitous in the brain at 24 hpf but restricted to the eyes, midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), and rhombomeres at 48 hpf. Knockdown of rnf152 in zebrafish embryos caused defects in the eyes, MHB, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf. These defects in rnf152-deficient embryos were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) using neuroD, deltaD, notch1a, and notch3 probes. NeuroD expression was abolished in the marginal zone, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the eyes at 27 hpf. Furthermore, deltaD and notch1a expression was remarkably reduced in the ONL, INL, subpallium, tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf, whereas notch3 expression was reduced in the tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres at 24 hpf. Finally, we confirmed that expression of Notch target genes, her4 and ascl1a, also decreased significantly in these areas at 24 hpf. Thus, we propose that Rnf152 is essential for development of the eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and that Delta-Notch signaling is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Life Science, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Joonho Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Myungchull Rhee
- Department of Life Science, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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17
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Jami MS, Saidijam M. In Vitro Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Hair Cells Using Growth Factors. Int Tinnitus J 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29336137 DOI: 10.5935/0946-5448.20170030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we attempted to differentiated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to auditory hair cells using growth factors. METHODS Retinoic acid (RA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added to hBMSCs cell culture medium. The cells were evaluated morphologically and the expression of SOX2, POU4F3, MYO7A, and Calretinin at mRNA level and ATOH1 mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS After treatment with the growth factors, the morphology of the cells did not change, but evaluation of gene expression at the mRNA level increased the expression of the ATOH1, SOX2, and POU4F3 markers. Growth factors increased the expression of ATOH1 at the protein level. The expression of calretinin showed decreased and MYO7A no significant change in expression. CONCLUSION hBMSCs have the potential to differentiate to hair cell-like using the RA, bFGF, and EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Department of Genetic & Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Genetic & Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Zhou X, Guo X, Chen M, Xie C, Jiang J. HIF-3α Promotes Metastatic Phenotypes in Pancreatic Cancer by Transcriptional Regulation of the RhoC-ROCK1 Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:124-134. [PMID: 28928287 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes to pancreatic cancer progression and promotes its growth and invasion. Previous research principally focused on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α (HIF1A and EPAS1) as the major hypoxia-associated transcription factors in pancreatic cancer. However, the role of HIF-3α (HIF3A) has not been investigated. Therefore, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α expression levels were measured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, HIF-3α expression was measured in human pancreatic cancer tissue specimens and the impact of altered HIF-3α expression on cell invasion and migration was investigated in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-3α expression was stimulated in pancreatic cancer cells to a greater degree than HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. HIF-3α protein levels were also elevated in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlated with reduced survival and greater local invasion and distant metastasis, whereas knockdown of HIF-3α, under hypoxic conditions, suppressed pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration. Under normoxia, HIF-3α overexpression promoted pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration and stimulated F-actin polymerization. In summary, HIF-3α promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vivo and promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis by transcriptionally activating the RhoC-ROCK1 signaling pathway.Implications: HIF3α is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, and targeting the HIF3α/RhoC-ROCK1 signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 124-34. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfei Zhou
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chencheng Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
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19
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Rao K, Sethi K, Ischia J, Gibson L, Galea L, Xiao L, Yim M, Chang M, Papa N, Bolton D, Shulkes A, Baldwin GS, Patel O. Protective effect of zinc preconditioning against renal ischemia reperfusion injury is dose dependent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180028. [PMID: 28686686 PMCID: PMC5501469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Two promising preconditioning methods for the kidney, intermittent arterial clamping (IC) and treatment with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride, have never been directly compared. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of the chemically related transition metal Zn2+ against renal IRI is unclear. Although Co2+ ions have been shown to protect the kidney via hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), the effect of Zn2+ ions on the induction of HIF1α, HIF2α and HIF3α has not been investigated previously. Materials and methods The efficacy of different preconditioning techniques was assessed using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of renal IRI. Induction of HIF proteins following Zn2+ treatment of the human kidney cell lines HK-2 (immortalized normal tubular cells) and ACHN (renal cancer) was measured using Western Blot. Results Following 40 minutes of renal ischemia in rats, cobalt preconditioning offered greater protection against renal IRI than IC as evidenced by lower peak serum creatinine and urea concentrations. ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) significantly lowered the creatinine and urea concentrations compared to saline-treated control rats following a clinically relevant 60 minutes of ischemia. Zn2+ induced expression of HIF1α and HIF2α but not HIF3α in HK-2 and ACHN cells. Conclusion ZnCl2 preconditioning protects against renal IRI in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are warranted to determine the possible mechanisms involved, and to assess the benefit of ZnCl2 preconditioning for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Rao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kapil Sethi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Gibson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence Galea
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Mildred Yim
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Chang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Shulkes
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham S. Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Tzeng SY, Zamboni CG, Koliatsos VE, Ming GL, Green JJ, Mao HQ. Enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation by transient transcription activation via DNA nanoparticle-mediated transfection. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:249-258. [PMID: 28344151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to derive oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) need extended exposure of hPSCs to growth factors and small molecules, which limits their clinical application because of the lengthy culture time required and low generation efficiency of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Compared to extrinsic growth factors and molecules, oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation can be more effectively modulated by regulation of the cell transcription network. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Olig1 and Olig2, are decisive in oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. Olig2 plays a critical role in the specification of oligodendrocytes and Olig1 is crucial in promoting oligodendrocyte maturation. Recently viral vectors have been used to overexpress Olig2 and Olig1 in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) to induce the maturation of oligodendrocytes and enhance the remyelination activity in vivo. Because of the safety issues with viral vectors, including the insertional mutagenesis and potential tumor formation, non-viral transfection methods are preferred for clinical translation. Here we report a poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE)-based nanoparticle transfection method to deliver Olig1 and Olig2 into human fetal tissue-derived NSCs and demonstrate efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation following transgene expression of Olig1 and Olig2. This approach is potentially translatable for engineering stem cells to treat injured or diseased CNS tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Current protocols to derive oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) require lengthy culture time with low generation efficiencies of mature oligodendrocytes. We described a new approach to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation through nanoparticle-mediated transcription modulation. We tested an effective transfection method using cell-compatible poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE)/DNA nanoparticles as gene carrier to deliver transcription factor Olig1 and Olig2 into human fetal tissue-derived neural stem/progenitor cells, and showed efficient oligodendrocyte differentiation following transgene expression of Olig1 and Olig2. We believe that this translatable approach can be applied to many other cell-based regenerative therapies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Camila Gadens Zamboni
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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21
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Parvin R, Saito-Hakoda A, Shimada H, Shimizu K, Noro E, Iwasaki Y, Fujiwara K, Yokoyama A, Sugawara A. Role of NeuroD1 on the negative regulation of Pomc expression by glucocorticoid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175435. [PMID: 28406939 PMCID: PMC5391015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the negative regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene (Pomc) by glucocorticoids (Gcs) is still unclear in many points. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1) in the Gc-mediated negative regulation of Pomc. Murine pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing corticotroph tumor-derived AtT20 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) (1-100 nM) and cultured for 24 hrs. Thereafter, Pomc mRNA expression was studied by quantitative real-time PCR and rat Pomc promoter (-703/+58) activity was examined by luciferase assay. Both Pomc mRNA expression and Pomc promoter activity were inhibited by DEX in a dose-dependent manner. Deletion and point mutant analyses of Pomc promoter suggested that the DEX-mediated transcriptional repression was mediated via E-box that exists at -376/-371 in the promoter. Since NeuroD1 is known to bind to and activate E-box of the Pomc promoter, we next examined the effect of DEX on NeuroD1 expression. Interestingly, DEX dose-dependently inhibited NeuroD1 mRNA expression, mouse NeuroD1 promoter (-2.2-kb) activity, and NeuroD1 protein expression in AtT20 cells. In addition, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of DEX on the interaction of NeuroD1 and E-box on Pomc promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Finally, overexpression of mouse NeuroD1 could rescue the DEX-mediated inhibition of Pomc mRNA expression and Pomc promoter activity. Taken together, it is suggested that the suppression of NeuroD1 expression and the inhibition of NeuroD1/E-box interaction may play an important role in the Gc-mediated negative regulation of Pomc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Parvin
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito-Hakoda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Erika Noro
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Ken Fujiwara
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Pan XD, Gu DH, Mao JH, Zhu H, Chen X, Zheng B, Shan Y. Concurrent inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by WYE-687 inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172555. [PMID: 28257457 PMCID: PMC5336203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a valuable oncotarget for treatment. We here tested the potential anti-RCC activity by a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor WYE-687in vitro and in vivo.WYE-687 was cytotoxic and anti-proliferative to established RCC cell lines (786-O and A498) and primary human RCC cells. Yet, it was non-cytotoxic toHK-2 tubular epithelial cells.WYE-687 provoked caspase-dependent apoptosis in the RCC cells. At the molecular level, WYE-687 almost completely blocked mTORC1 (p-S6K1 and p-S6) and mTORC2 (p-Akt Ser 473) activation in both 786-Ocells and primary human RCC cells, where it downregulated both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α expression. Significantly, oral administration of WYE-687 potently suppressed786-O tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. mTORC1/2 activation and HIF-1α/2α expression were also remarkably downregulated in WYE-687-treated tumor tissues. Thus, our preclinical results imply that WYE-687 may have important translational value for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-dong Pan
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-hua Gu
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Mao
- Department of pathophysiology, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (YS)
| | - Yuxi Shan
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (YS)
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23
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Brunmeir R, Wu J, Peng X, Kim SY, Julien SG, Zhang Q, Xie W, Xu F. Comparative Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Analyses Reveal New Regulators of Murine Brown Adipogenesis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006474. [PMID: 27923061 PMCID: PMC5140063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure through brown adipocyte recruitment is a promising approach to combat obesity. We report here the comprehensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome throughout the lineage commitment and differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cell line into brown adipocytes. Through direct comparison to datasets from differentiating white adipocytes, we systematically identify stage- and lineage-specific coding genes, lncRNAs and microRNAs. Utilizing chromatin state maps, we also define stage- and lineage-specific enhancers, including super-enhancers, and their associated transcription factor binding motifs and genes. Through these analyses, we found that in brown adipocytes, brown lineage-specific genes are pre-marked by both H3K4me1 and H3K27me3, and the removal of H3K27me3 at the late stage is necessary but not sufficient to promote brown gene expression, while the pre-deposition of H3K4me1 plays an essential role in poising the brown genes for expression in mature brown cells. Moreover, we identify SOX13 as part of a p38 MAPK dependent transcriptional response mediating early brown cell lineage commitment. We also identify and subsequently validate PIM1, SIX1 and RREB1 as novel regulators promoting brown adipogenesis. Finally, we show that SIX1 binds to adipogenic and brown marker genes and interacts with C/EBPα, C/EBPβ and EBF2, suggesting their functional cooperation during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Brunmeir
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sun-Yee Kim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sofi G. Julien
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WX); (FX)
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail: (WX); (FX)
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24
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Zhou C, Liu Z, Zhu L, Ma Z, Wang J, Zhu J. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111777. [PMID: 27792144 PMCID: PMC5133778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has recently been demonstrated to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the possible involvement of melatonin in Fe deficiency responses and the underlying mechanisms remained elusive in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, Fe deficiency quickly induced melatonin synthesis in Arabidopsis plants. Exogenous melatonin significantly increased the soluble Fe content of shoots and roots, and decreased the levels of root cell wall Fe bound to pectin and hemicellulose, thus alleviating Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. Intriguingly, melatonin treatments induced a significant increase of nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in roots of Fe-deficient plants, but not in those of polyamine-deficient (adc2-1 and d-arginine-treated) plants. Moreover, the melatonin-alleviated leaf chlorosis was blocked in the polyamine- and NO-deficient (nia1nia2noa1 and c-PTIO-treated) plants, and the melatonin-induced Fe remobilization was largely inhibited. In addition, the expression of some Fe acquisition-related genes, including FIT1, FRO2, and IRT1 were significantly up-regulated by melatonin treatments, whereas the enhanced expression of these genes was obviously suppressed in the polyamine- and NO-deficient plants. Collectively, our results provide evidence to support the view that melatonin can increase the tolerance of plants to Fe deficiency in a process dependent on the polyamine-induced NO production under Fe-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhongyou Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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25
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Chen SP, Kuo CH, Lu HH, Lo HS, Yeh KW. The Sweet Potato NAC-Domain Transcription Factor IbNAC1 Is Dynamically Coordinated by the Activator IbbHLH3 and the Repressor IbbHLH4 to Reprogram the Defense Mechanism against Wounding. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006397. [PMID: 27780204 PMCID: PMC5079590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IbNAC1 is known to activate the defense system by reprogramming a genetic network against herbivory in sweet potato. This regulatory activity elevates plant defense potential but relatively weakens plants by IbNAC1-mediated JA response. The mechanism controlling IbNAC1 expression to balance plant vitality and survival remains unclear. In this study, a wound-responsive G-box cis-element in the IbNAC1 promoter from -1484 to -1479 bp was identified. From a screen of wound-activated transcriptomic data, one transcriptional activator, IbbHLH3, and one repressor, IbbHLH4, were selected that bind to and activate or repress, respectively, the G-box motif in the IbNAC1 promoter to modulate the IbNAC1-mediated response. In the early wound response, the IbbHLH3-IbbHLH3 protein complex binds to the G-box motif to activate IbNAC1 expression. Thus, an elegant defense network is activated against wounding stress. Until the late stages of wounding, IbbHLH4 interacts with IbbHLH3, and the IbbHLH3-IbbHLH4 heterodimer competes with the IbbHLH3-IbbHLH3 complex to bind the G-box and suppress IbNAC1 expression and timely terminates the defense network. Moreover, the JAZs and IbEIL1 proteins interact with IbbHLH3 to repress the transactivation function of IbbHLH3 in non-wounded condition, but their transcription is immediately inhibited upon early wounding. Our work provides a genetic model that accurately switches the regulatory mechanism of IbNAC1 expression to adjust wounding physiology and represents a delicate defense regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Han Lu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shan Lo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Altree-Tacha D, Tyrrell J, Li F. mASH1 is Highly Specific for Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Evaluation on Normal and Various Neoplastic Tissues. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 141:288-292. [PMID: 27628324 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0489-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT -High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinoids can arise in different sites such as lung, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and skin. Classic neuroendocrine markers such as CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin cannot distinguish carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Recently, mouse monoclonal mASH1 has been shown to help discriminate carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in various neoplastic sites. To date, there have been no comprehensive immunohistochemistry studies with mASH1 on nonneuroendocrine neoplasms. OBJECTIVE -To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of mASH1 in various normal and neoplastic tissues, including lung cancers. DESIGN -Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays consisting of normal tissues and various neoplastic tissues were immunohistochemically evaluated with mASH1. RESULTS -In normal tissues (n = 30), mASH1 (nuclear staining) was sparsely expressed in the molecular cell layer, white matter, and granular cell layer of cerebellum; C cells in thyroid; and epithelial cells in thymus. In lung cancers, mASH1 stained 1.1% (1 of 93) of adenocarcinomas, 0.9% (1 of 111) of squamous cell carcinomas, 0% (0 of 30) of large cell carcinomas, 66.7% (6 of 9) of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 82.5% (94 of 114) of small cell carcinomas. In various other neoplastic tissues (n = 1114), mASH1 was expressed in thyroid medullary carcinomas, thymic carcinomas, and brain cancers; mASH1 was also expressed in a very low percentage of breast carcinomas, ovarian cancers, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. All typical carcinoids of various sites were negative (0 of 11), however, in lung atypical carcinoids, mASH1 was expressed in 42.9% (9 of 21). CONCLUSIONS -Although not organ specific, mASH1 is highly specific for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas versus carcinoids and other nonneuroendocrine neoplasms.
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27
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Kim CM, Dolan L. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE Class I Genes Promote Root Hair Development in the Grass Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006211. [PMID: 27494519 PMCID: PMC4975483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE (RSL) class I basic helix loop helix proteins are expressed in future root hair cells of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem where they positively regulate root hair cell development. Here we show that there are three RSL class I protein coding genes in the Brachypodium distachyon genome, BdRSL1, BdRSL2 and BdRSL3, and each is expressed in developing root hair cells after the asymmetric cell division that forms root hair cells and hairless epidermal cells. Expression of BdRSL class I genes is sufficient for root hair cell development: ectopic overexpression of any of the three RSL class I genes induces the development of root hairs in every cell of the root epidermis. Expression of BdRSL class I genes in root hairless Arabidopsis thaliana root hair defective 6 (Atrhd6) Atrsl1 double mutants, devoid of RSL class I function, restores root hair development indicating that the function of these proteins has been conserved. However, neither AtRSL nor BdRSL class I genes is sufficient for root hair development in A. thaliana. These data demonstrate that the spatial pattern of class I RSL activity can account for the pattern of root hair cell differentiation in B. distachyon. However, the spatial pattern of class I RSL activity cannot account for the spatial pattern of root hair cells in A. thaliana. Taken together these data indicate that that the functions of RSL class I proteins have been conserved among most angiosperms-monocots and eudicots-despite the dramatically different patterns of root hair cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Min Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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28
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Chen YF, Yang CC, Kao SY, Liu CJ, Lin SC, Chang KW. MicroRNA-211 Enhances the Oncogenicity of Carcinogen-Induced Oral Carcinoma by Repressing TCF12 and Increasing Antioxidant Activity. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4872-86. [PMID: 27221705 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
miR-211 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been implicated in poor patient survival. To investigate the oncogenic roles of miR-211, we generated K14-EGFP-miR-211 transgenic mice tagged with GFP. Induction of oral carcinogenesis in transgenic mice using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) resulted in more extensive and severe tongue tumorigenesis compared with control animals. We found that 4NQO and arecoline upregulated miR-211 expression in OSCC cells. In silico and experimental evidence further revealed that miR-211 directly targeted transcription factor 12 (TCF12), which mediated suppressor activities in OSCC cells and was drastically downregulated in tumor tissues. We used GeneChip analysis and bioinformatic algorithms to identify transcriptional targets of TCF12 and confirmed through reporter and ChIP assays that family with sequence similarity 213, member A (FAM213A), a peroxiredoxin-like antioxidative protein, was repressed transcriptionally by TCF12. FAM213A silencing in OSCC cells diminished oncogenic activity, reduced the ALDH1-positive cell population, and increased reactive oxygen species. TCF12 and FAM213A expression was correlated inversely in head and neck carcinoma samples according to The Cancer Genome Atlas. OSCC patients bearing tumors with high FAM213A expression tended to have worse survival. Furthermore, 4NQO treatment downregulated TCF12 and upregulated FAM213A by modulating miR-211 both in vitro and in vivo Overall, our findings develop a mouse model that recapitulates the molecular and histopathologic alterations of human OSCC pathogenesis and highlight a new miRNA-mediated oncogenic mechanism. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4872-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Kuzniewska B, Nader K, Dabrowski M, Kaczmarek L, Kalita K. Adult Deletion of SRF Increases Epileptogenesis and Decreases Activity-Induced Gene Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:1478-1493. [PMID: 25636686 PMCID: PMC4789231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) has been suggested to play a role in activity-dependent gene expression and mediate plasticity-associated structural changes in the hippocampus, no unequivocal evidence has been provided for its role in brain pathology, such as epilepsy. A genome-wide program of activity-induced genes that are regulated by SRF also remains unknown. In the present study, we show that the inducible and conditional deletion of SRF in the adult mouse hippocampus increases the epileptic phenotype in the kainic acid model of epilepsy, reflected by more severe and frequent seizures. Moreover, we observe a robust decrease in activity-induced gene transcription in SRF knockout mice. We characterize the genetic program controlled by SRF in neurons and using functional annotation, we find that SRF target genes are associated with synaptic plasticity and epilepsy. Several of these SRF targets function as regulators of inhibitory or excitatory balance and the structural plasticity of neurons. Interestingly, mutations in those SRF targets have found to be associated with such human neuropsychiatric disorders, as autism and intellectual disability. We also identify novel direct SRF targets in hippocampus: Npas4, Gadd45g, and Zfp36. Altogether, our data indicate that proteins that are highly upregulated by neuronal stimulation, identified in the present study as SRF targets, may function as endogenous protectors against overactivation. Thus, the lack of these effector proteins in SRF knockout animals may lead to uncontrolled excitation and eventually epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kuzniewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nader
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Schödel J, Grampp S, Maher ER, Moch H, Ratcliffe PJ, Russo P, Mole DR. Hypoxia, Hypoxia-inducible Transcription Factors, and Renal Cancer. Eur Urol 2016; 69:646-657. [PMID: 26298207 PMCID: PMC5012644 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Renal cancer is a common urologic malignancy, and therapeutic options for metastatic disease are limited. Most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are associated with loss of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) function and deregulation of hypoxia pathways. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes recent evidence from genetic and biological studies showing that hypoxia and hypoxia-related pathways play critical roles in the development and progress of renal cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We used a systematic search for articles using the keywords hypoxia, HIF, renal cancer, and VHL. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Identification of the tumor suppressor pVHL has allowed the characterization of important ccRCC-associated pathways. pVHL targets α-subunits of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) for proteasomal degradation. The two main HIF-α isoforms have opposing effects on RCC biology, possibly through distinct interactions with additional oncogenes. Furthermore, HIF-1α activity is commonly diminished by chromosomal deletion in ccRCCs, and increased HIF-1 activity reduces tumor burden in xenograft tumor models. Conversely, polymorphisms at the HIF-2α gene locus predispose to the development of ccRCCs, and HIF-2α promotes tumor growth. Genetic studies have revealed a prominent role for chromatin-modifying enzyme genes in ccRCC, and these may further modulate specific aspects of the HIF response. This suggests that, rather than global activation of HIF, specific components of the response are important in promoting kidney cancer. Some of these processes are already targets for current therapeutic strategies, and further dissection of this pathway might yield novel methods of treating RCC. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to many tumor types, HIF-1α and HIF-2α have opposing effects in ccRCC biology, with HIF-1α acting as a tumor suppressor and HIF-2α acting as an oncogene. The overall effect of VHL inactivation will depend on fine-tuning of the HIF response. PATIENT SUMMARY High levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) are particularly important in the clear cell type of kidney cancer, in which they are no longer properly regulated by the von Hippel-Lindau protein. The two HIF-α proteins have opposing effects on tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schödel
- Medizinische Klinik 4 and Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Medizinische Klinik 4 and Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, USA; Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - David R Mole
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Chabab S, Lescroart F, Rulands S, Mathiah N, Simons BD, Blanpain C. Uncovering the Number and Clonal Dynamics of Mesp1 Progenitors during Heart Morphogenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1-10. [PMID: 26725109 PMCID: PMC4709258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart arises from distinct sources of cardiac progenitors that independently express Mesp1 during gastrulation. The precise number of Mesp1 progenitors that are specified during the early stage of gastrulation, and their clonal behavior during heart morphogenesis, is currently unknown. Here, we used clonal and mosaic tracing of Mesp1-expressing cells combined with quantitative biophysical analysis of the clonal data to define the number of cardiac progenitors and their mode of growth during heart development. Our data indicate that the myocardial layer of the heart derive from ∼250 Mesp1-expressing cardiac progenitors born during gastrulation. Despite arising at different time points and contributing to different heart regions, the temporally distinct cardiac progenitors present very similar clonal dynamics. These results provide insights into the number of cardiac progenitors and their mode of growth and open up avenues to decipher the clonal dynamics of progenitors in other organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Chabab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Steffen Rulands
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Navrita Mathiah
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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Asanoma K, Liu G, Yamane T, Miyanari Y, Takao T, Yagi H, Ohgami T, Ichinoe A, Sonoda K, Wake N, Kato K. Regulation of the Mechanism of TWIST1 Transcription by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4096-109. [PMID: 26391953 PMCID: PMC4648814 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00678-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 (BHLHE40/41) are basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factors that play key roles in multiple cell behaviors. BHLHE40/41 were recently shown to be involved in an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanism of EMT control by BHLHE40/41 remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that BHLHE40/41 expression was controlled in a pathological stage-dependent manner in human endometrial cancer (HEC). Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40/41 suppressed tumor cell invasion. BHLHE40/41 also suppressed the transcription of the EMT effectors SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1. We identified the critical promoter regions of TWIST1 for its basal transcriptional activity. We elucidated that the transcription factor SP1 was involved in the basal transcriptional activity of TWIST1 and that BHLHE40/41 competed with SP1 for DNA binding to regulate gene transcription. This study is the first to report the detailed functions of BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in the suppression of EMT effectors in vitro. Our results suggest that BHLHE40/41 suppress tumor cell invasion by inhibiting EMT in tumor cells. We propose that BHLHE40/41 are promising markers to predict the aggressiveness of each HEC case and that molecular targeting strategies involving BHLHE40/41 and SP1 may effectively regulate HEC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ge Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Yamane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyanari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ohgami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Ichinoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wong A, Loots GG, Yellowley CE, Dosé AC, Genetos DC. Parathyroid hormone regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in osteoblastic cells. Bone 2015; 81:97-103. [PMID: 26151122 PMCID: PMC4641015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts perceive and respond to changes in their pericellular environment, including biophysical signals and oxygen availability, to elicit an anabolic or catabolic response. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects each arm of skeletal remodeling, with net anabolic or catabolic effects dependent upon duration of exposure. Similarly, the capacity of osteoblastic cells to perceive pericellular oxygen has a profound effect on skeletal mass and architecture, as mice expressing stable hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and -2α demonstrate age-dependent increases in bone volume per tissue volume and osteoblast number. Further, HIF levels and signaling can be influenced in an oxygen-independent manner. Because the cellular mechanisms involved in PTH regulation of the skeleton remain vague, we sought whether PTH could influence HIF-1α expression and HIF-α-driven luciferase activity independently of altered oxygen availability. Using UMR106.01 mature osteoblasts, we observed that 100nM hPTH(1-34) decreased HIF-1α and HIF-responsive luciferase activity in a process involving heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cyclic AMP but not intracellular calcium. Altering activity of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector kinase ROCK altered HIF-α-driven luciferase activity in the absence and presence of PTH. Taken together, these data introduce PTH as a regulator of oxygen-independent HIF-1α levels through a mechanism involving cyclic AMP, Hsp90, and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andréa C Dosé
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Taylor SM, Alvarez-Delfin K, Saade CJ, Thomas JL, Thummel R, Fadool JM, Hitchcock PF. The bHLH Transcription Factor NeuroD Governs Photoreceptor Genesis and Regeneration Through Delta-Notch Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:7496-515. [PMID: 26580854 PMCID: PMC4654396 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoreceptor genesis in the retina requires precise regulation of progenitor cell competence, cell cycle exit, and differentiation, although information around the mechanisms that govern these events currently is lacking. In zebrafish, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor NeuroD governs photoreceptor genesis, but the signaling pathways through which NeuroD functions are unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify these pathways, and during photoreceptor genesis, Notch signaling was investigated as the putative mediator of NeuroD function. METHODS In embryos, genetic mosaic analysis was used to determine if NeuroD functions is cell- or non-cell-autonomous. Morpholino-induced NeuroD knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 mutation, and pharmacologic and transgenic approaches were used, followed by in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), to identify mechanisms through which NeuroD functions. In adults, following photoreceptor ablation and NeuroD knockdown, similar methods as above were used to identify NeuroD function during photoreceptor regeneration. RESULTS In embryos, NeuroD function is non-cell-autonomous, NeuroD knockdown increases Notch pathway gene expression, Notch inhibition rescues the NeuroD knockdown-induced deficiency in cell cycle exit but not photoreceptor maturation, and Notch activation and CRISPR/Cas9 mutation of neurod recapitulate NeuroD knockdown. In adults, NeuroD knockdown prevents cell cycle exit and photoreceptor regeneration and increases Notch pathway gene expression, and Notch inhibition rescues this phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that during embryonic development, NeuroD governs photoreceptor genesis via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms and that, during photoreceptor development and regeneration, Notch signaling is a mechanistic link between NeuroD and cell cycle exit. In contrast, during embryonic development, NeuroD governs photoreceptor maturation via mechanisms that are independent of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Karen Alvarez-Delfin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Carole J. Saade
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Thomas
- Departments of Anatomy/Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ryan Thummel
- Departments of Anatomy/Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - James M. Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Peter F. Hitchcock
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Lim SL, Qu ZP, Kortschak RD, Lawrence DM, Geoghegan J, Hempfling AL, Bergmann M, Goodnow CC, Ormandy CJ, Wong L, Mann J, Scott HS, Jamsai D, Adelson DL, O’Bryan MK. HENMT1 and piRNA Stability Are Required for Adult Male Germ Cell Transposon Repression and to Define the Spermatogenic Program in the Mouse. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005620. [PMID: 26496356 PMCID: PMC4619860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
piRNAs are critical for transposable element (TE) repression and germ cell survival during the early phases of spermatogenesis, however, their role in adult germ cells and the relative importance of piRNA methylation is poorly defined in mammals. Using a mouse model of HEN methyltransferase 1 (HENMT1) loss-of-function, RNA-Seq and a range of RNA assays we show that HENMT1 is required for the 2’ O-methylation of mammalian piRNAs. HENMT1 loss leads to piRNA instability, reduced piRNA bulk and length, and ultimately male sterility characterized by a germ cell arrest at the elongating germ cell phase of spermatogenesis. HENMT1 loss-of-function, and the concomitant loss of piRNAs, resulted in TE de-repression in adult meiotic and haploid germ cells, and the precocious, and selective, expression of many haploid-transcripts in meiotic cells. Precocious expression was associated with a more active chromatin state in meiotic cells, elevated levels of DNA damage and a catastrophic deregulation of the haploid germ cell gene expression. Collectively these results define a critical role for HENMT1 and piRNAs in the maintenance of TE repression in adult germ cells and setting the spermatogenic program. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs found in great abundance within both embryonic and adult male germ cells. Within embryonic germ cells, piRNAs have a well-recognized role in transposable element (TE) silencing, however, their role in adult cells remains poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that HENMT1 dysfunction and the resultant piRNA instability dramatically impacts multiple aspects of adult germ cell biology. Specifically, pachytene piRNAs are required to maintain TE silencing in adult germ cells and to set the spermatogenic gene expression program. piRNA loss leads to a more active chromatin state in the regulatory regions of numerous normally haploid germ cell genes and their precocious expression during meiosis, followed by a catastrophic deregulation of gene expression in haploid cells and male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ly Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhi Peng Qu
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R. Daniel Kortschak
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David M. Lawrence
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel Geoghegan
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna-Lena Hempfling
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher C. Goodnow
- Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Ormandy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee Wong
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Mann
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duangporn Jamsai
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L. Adelson
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Moira K. O’Bryan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Zheng B, Zhan Q, Chen J, Xu H, He Z. Sevoflurane pretreatment enhance HIF-2α expression in mice after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:13114-13119. [PMID: 26722509 PMCID: PMC4680454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurs, which is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury, thus increasing in-hospital mortality. HIF-2α has a protective role against ischemia of the kidney. Renal ischemia/reperfusion under sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in drastic improvements in renal function. We hypothesized that underlying mechanism responsible for renal protection from sevoflurane pretreatment involves the upregulation of HIF-2α. Sevoflurane pretreatment were performed on WT and HIF-2α knockout mice before renal ischemia/reperfusion. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) were determined with a standard clinical automatic analyzer. The left kidneys were taken for morphological examination. Expression of HIF-2α in kidney tissue was examined by western blotting. In WT mice, group I/R injury had significantly higher BUN and Cr levels than group control, whereas group I/R + Sev had significantly lower BUN and Cr levels than group I/R injury. Renal HIF-2α expression levels were significantly higher in WT mice of group I/R + Sev than group control and group I/R. In HIF-2α(-/-) mice, group I/R + Sev showed much higher BUN and Cr levels and severer histological damage than group I/R and group control. Renal HIF-2α expression levels were significantly higher in WT mice of group I/R + Sev than group control and group I/R. Our findings suggested that HIF-2α might contribute to the beneficial effect of sevoflurane in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Qionghui Zhan
- Department of Anesthesia, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou He
- Department of Anesthesia, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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Li DD, Guo CH, Yue L, Duan CC, Yang ZQ, Cao H, Guo B, Yue ZP. Expression, regulation and function of Hmgn3 during decidualization in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:13-25. [PMID: 26112184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Hmgn3 is involved in the regulation of development and cellular differentiation, its physiological roles on decidualization are still unknown. Here we showed that Hmgn3 was highly expressed in the decidua and decidualizing stromal cells. Overexpression of Hmgn3 variants, Hmgn3a or Hmgn3b, enhanced the expression of decidualization markers Prl8a2 and Prl3c1, whereas inhibition of Hmgn3 reduced their expression. Hmgn3 could mediate the effects of Hoxa10 and cAMP on the expression of Prl8a2 and Prl3c1. Further study found that Hmgn3 directed the process of decidualization through influencing the expression of Hand2. Progesterone could induce the expression of Hmgn3 in the ovariectomized mouse uterus, uterine epithelial cells and stromal cells. Knockdown of Hoxa10 with siRNA alleviated the induction of progesterone and cAMP on Hmgn3 expression. Simultaneously, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of Hmgn3 in the uterine stromal cells could attenuate the effects of progesterone, cAMP and Hoxa10 on the expression of Hand2. Collectively, Hmgn3 may play an important role during mouse decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Dang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chuan-Hui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Liang Yue
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Cui-Cui Duan
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Chen W, Tang H, Zhou M, Hu C, Zhang J, Tang K. Dexamethasone inhibits the differentiation of rat tendon stem cells into tenocytes by targeting the scleraxis gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 152:16-24. [PMID: 25906952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tendon rupture is very common in clinical practice, and the overall outcome of surgical suture repair is rather poor. The mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments are still lacking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the differentiation of rat tendon stem cells (TSCs) to tenocytes and the underlying molecular mechanisms and found that dexamethasone inhibits the differentiation of TSCs to tenocytes by analyzing the development of long, spindle-shaped cells and detecting the expression of tenocyte markers type I collagen and tenomodulin (TNMD) at both the mRNA and protein levels. We also discovered that after treatment with dexamethasone, the scleraxis expression level is downregulated in vitro and in human specimen. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR showed that dexamethasone promotes glucocorticoid receptor interacted with the TGGAAGCC sequence located between -734 and -726 base pairs (bp) upstream of the start codon of the scleraxis gene. Furthermore, TSCs were transfected with scleraxis knockdown or overexpression plasmids, and the results indicated that scleraxis plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of TSCs to tenocytes. In conclusion, dexamethasone inhibits the differentiation of TSCs to tenocytes by inhibiting the scleraxis gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Sazonova O, Zhao Y, Nürnberg S, Miller C, Pjanic M, Castano VG, Kim JB, Salfati EL, Kundaje AB, Bejerano G, Assimes T, Yang X, Quertermous T. Characterization of TCF21 Downstream Target Regions Identifies a Transcriptional Network Linking Multiple Independent Coronary Artery Disease Loci. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005202. [PMID: 26020271 PMCID: PMC4447360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To functionally link coronary artery disease (CAD) causal genes identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS), and to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) with the CAD associated transcription factor TCF21 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Analysis of identified TCF21 target genes for enrichment of molecular and cellular annotation terms identified processes relevant to CAD pathophysiology, including “growth factor binding,” “matrix interaction,” and “smooth muscle contraction.” We characterized the canonical binding sequence for TCF21 as CAGCTG, identified AP-1 binding sites in TCF21 peaks, and by conducting ChIP-Seq for JUN and JUND in HCASMC confirmed that there is significant overlap between TCF21 and AP-1 binding loci in this cell type. Expression quantitative trait variation mapped to target genes of TCF21 was significantly enriched among variants with low P-values in the GWAS analyses, suggesting a possible functional interaction between TCF21 binding and causal variants in other CAD disease loci. Separate enrichment analyses found over-representation of TCF21 target genes among CAD associated genes, and linkage disequilibrium between TCF21 peak variation and that found in GWAS loci, consistent with the hypothesis that TCF21 may affect disease risk through interaction with other disease associated loci. Interestingly, enrichment for TCF21 target genes was also found among other genome wide association phenotypes, including height and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting a functional profile important for basic cellular processes in non-vascular tissues. Thus, data and analyses presented here suggest that study of GWAS transcription factors may be a highly useful approach to identifying disease gene interactions and thus pathways that may be relevant to complex disease etiology. While coronary artery disease (CAD) is due in part to environmental and metabolic factors, about half of the risk is genetically predetermined. Genome-wide association studies in human populations have identified approximately 150 sites in the genome that appear to be associated with CAD. The mechanisms by which mutations in these regions are responsible for predisposition to CAD remain largely unknown. To begin to explore how disease-specific gene sequences and disease gene function promotes pathology, we have mapped the loci and genes that are downstream of the transcription factor TCF21, which is strongly associated with CAD. By identifying genes that are regulated by TCF21 we have been able to link together multiple other CAD associated genes and begin to identify the critical molecular processes that mediate atherosclerosis in the blood vessel wall and contribute to the genesis of ischemic cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sazonova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Nürnberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Clint Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Victor G. Castano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Juyong B. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Elias L. Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anshul B. Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nurnberg ST, Cheng K, Raiesdana A, Kundu R, Miller CL, Kim JB, Arora K, Carcamo-Oribe I, Xiong Y, Tellakula N, Nanda V, Murthy N, Boisvert WA, Hedin U, Perisic L, Aldi S, Maegdefessel L, Pjanic M, Owens GK, Tallquist MD, Quertermous T. Coronary Artery Disease Associated Transcription Factor TCF21 Regulates Smooth Muscle Precursor Cells That Contribute to the Fibrous Cap. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005155. [PMID: 26020946 PMCID: PMC4447275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome wide association studies have identified a number of genes that contribute to the risk for coronary heart disease. One such gene, TCF21, encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor believed to serve a critical role in the development of epicardial progenitor cells that give rise to coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) and cardiac fibroblasts. Using reporter gene and immunolocalization studies with mouse and human tissues we have found that vascular TCF21 expression in the adult is restricted primarily to adventitial cells associated with coronary arteries and also medial SMC in the proximal aorta of mouse. Genome wide RNA-Seq studies in human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC) with siRNA knockdown found a number of putative TCF21 downstream pathways identified by enrichment of terms related to CAD, including “vascular disease,” “disorder of artery,” and “occlusion of artery,” as well as disease-related cellular functions including “cellular movement” and “cellular growth and proliferation.” In vitro studies in HCASMC demonstrated that TCF21 expression promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits SMC lineage marker expression. Detailed in situ expression studies with reporter gene and lineage tracing revealed that vascular wall cells expressing Tcf21 before disease initiation migrate into vascular lesions of ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice. While Tcf21 lineage traced cells are distributed throughout the early lesions, in mature lesions they contribute to the formation of a subcapsular layer of cells, and others become associated with the fibrous cap. The lineage traced fibrous cap cells activate expression of SMC markers and growth factor receptor genes. Taken together, these data suggest that TCF21 may have a role regulating the differentiation state of SMC precursor cells that migrate into vascular lesions and contribute to the fibrous cap and more broadly, in view of the association of this gene with human CAD, provide evidence that these processes may be a mechanism for CAD risk attributable to the vascular wall. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for the majority of deaths in the Western world, and is due in part to environmental and metabolic factors. However, half of the risk for developing heart disease is genetically predetermined. Genome-wide association studies in human populations have identified over 100 sites in the genome that appear to be associated with CAD, however, the mechanisms by which variation in these regions are responsible for predisposition to CAD remain largely unknown. We have begun to study a gene that contributes to CAD risk, the TCF21 gene. Through genomic studies we show that this gene is involved in processes related to alterations in vascular gene expression, and in particular those related to the smooth muscle cell biology. With cell culture models, we show that TCF21 regulates the differentiation state of this cell type, which is believed critical for vascular disease. Using mouse genetic models of atherosclerotic vascular disease we provide evidence that this gene is expressed in precursor cells that migrate into the disease lesions and contribute to the formation of the fibrous cap that is believed to stabilize these lesions and prevent heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T. Nurnberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Azad Raiesdana
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Juyong B. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Komal Arora
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Oribe
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Tellakula
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vivek Nanda
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nikitha Murthy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - William A. Boisvert
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Aldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michelle D. Tallquist
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Teneng I, Tellez CS, Picchi MA, Klinge DM, Yingling CM, Snider AM, Liu Y, Belinsky SA. Global identification of genes targeted by DNMT3b for epigenetic silencing in lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:621-30. [PMID: 24469050 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance cytosine DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 and de novo methyltransferase DNMT3b cooperate to establish aberrant DNA methylation and chromatin complexes to repress gene transcription during cancer development. The expression of DNMT3b was constitutively increased 5-20-fold in hTERT/CDK4-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) before treatment with low doses of tobacco carcinogens. Overexpression of DNMT3b increased and accelerated carcinogen-induced transformation. Genome-wide profiling of transformed HBECs identified 143 DNMT3b-target genes, many of which were transcriptionally regulated by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex and silenced through aberrant methylation in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Two genes studied in detail, MAL and OLIG2, were silenced during transformation, initially through enrichment for H3K27me3 and H3K9me2, commonly methylated in lung cancer, and exert tumor suppressor effects in vivo through modulating cancer-related pathways. Re-expression of MAL and OLIG2 to physiological levels dramatically reduced the growth of lung tumor xenografts. Our results identify a key role for DNMT3b in the earliest stages of initiation and provide a comprehensive catalog of genes targeted for silencing by this methyltransferase in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Teneng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D M Klinge
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C M Yingling
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - A M Snider
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Zhao XM, Liu C, Jiang LJ, Li QY, Zhou MT, Cheng TC, Mita K, Xia QY. A juvenile hormone transcription factor Bmdimm-fibroin H chain pathway is involved in the synthesis of silk protein in silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:972-86. [PMID: 25371208 PMCID: PMC4294524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The genes responsible for silk biosynthesis are switched on and off at particular times in the silk glands of Bombyx mori. This switch appears to be under the control of endogenous and exogenous hormones. However, the molecular mechanisms by which silk protein synthesis is regulated by the juvenile hormone (JH) are largely unknown. Here, we report a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Bmdimm, its silk gland-specific expression, and its direct involvement in the regulation of fibroin H-chain (fib-H) by binding to an E-box (CAAATG) element of the fib-H gene promoter. Far-Western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Bmdimm protein interacted with another basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Bmsage. Immunostaining revealed that Bmdimm and Bmsage proteins are co-localized in nuclei. Bmdimm expression was induced in larval silk glands in vivo, in silk glands cultured in vitro, and in B. mori cell lines after treatment with a JH analog. The JH effect on Bmdimm was mediated by the JH-Met-Kr-h1 signaling pathway, and Bmdimm expression did not respond to JH by RNA interference with double-stranded BmKr-h1 RNA. These data suggest that the JH regulatory pathway, the transcription factor Bmdimm, and the targeted fib-H gene contribute to the synthesis of fibroin H-chain protein in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and the Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chun Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
| | - Li-Jun Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
| | - Qiong-Yan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
| | - Meng-Ting Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
| | - Ting-Cai Cheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
| | - Kazuei Mita
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and
| | - Qing-You Xia
- From the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and Key Sericultural Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Bio-Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 and
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Yoo S, Takikawa S, Geraghty P, Argmann C, Campbell J, Lin L, Huang T, Tu Z, Feronjy R, Spira A, Schadt EE, Powell CA, Zhu J. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data identifies EPAS1 as a key regulator of COPD. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004898. [PMID: 25569234 PMCID: PMC4287352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex disease. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are known to contribute to COPD risk and disease progression. Therefore we developed a systematic approach to identify key regulators of COPD that integrates genome-wide DNA methylation, gene expression, and phenotype data in lung tissue from COPD and control samples. Our integrative analysis identified 126 key regulators of COPD. We identified EPAS1 as the only key regulator whose downstream genes significantly overlapped with multiple genes sets associated with COPD disease severity. EPAS1 is distinct in comparison with other key regulators in terms of methylation profile and downstream target genes. Genes predicted to be regulated by EPAS1 were enriched for biological processes including signaling, cell communications, and system development. We confirmed that EPAS1 protein levels are lower in human COPD lung tissue compared to non-disease controls and that Epas1 gene expression is reduced in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. As EPAS1 downstream genes were significantly enriched for hypoxia responsive genes in endothelial cells, we tested EPAS1 function in human endothelial cells. EPAS1 knockdown by siRNA in endothelial cells impacted genes that significantly overlapped with EPAS1 downstream genes in lung tissue including hypoxia responsive genes, and genes associated with emphysema severity. Our first integrative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression profiles illustrates that not only does DNA methylation play a ‘causal’ role in the molecular pathophysiology of COPD, but it can be leveraged to directly identify novel key mediators of this pathophysiology. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. It is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and is expected to be the third by 2020. COPD is a heterogeneous and complex disease consisting of obstruction in the small airways, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. COPD is generally caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases, most commonly from cigarette smoking. However, only 20–25% of smokers develop clinically significant airflow obstruction. Smoking is known to cause epigenetic changes in lung tissues. Thus, genetics, epigenetic, and their interaction with environmental factors play an important role in COPD pathogenesis and progression. Currently, there are no therapeutics that can reverse COPD progression. In order to identify new targets that may lead to the development of therapeutics for curing COPD, we developed a systematic approach to identify key regulators of COPD that integrates genome-wide DNA methylation, gene expression, and phenotype data in lung tissue from COPD and control samples. Our integrative analysis identified 126 key regulators of COPD. We identified EPAS1 as the only key regulator whose downstream genes significantly overlapped with multiple genes sets associated with COPD disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeul Yoo
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sachiko Takikawa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Medical Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luan Lin
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Feronjy
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Medical Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bou Dib P, Gnägi B, Daly F, Sabado V, Tas D, Glauser DA, Meister P, Nagoshi E. A conserved role for p48 homologs in protecting dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004718. [PMID: 25340742 PMCID: PMC4207665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Both environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Although several genes linked to rare familial PD have been identified, endogenous risk factors for sporadic PD, which account for the majority of PD cases, remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sporadic PD in neurodevelopmental genes including the transcription factor p48/ptf1a. Here we investigate whether p48 plays a role in the survival of DA neurons in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that a Drosophila p48 homolog, 48-related-2 (Fer2), is expressed in and required for the development and survival of DA neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) cluster. Loss of Fer2 expression in adulthood causes progressive PAM neuron degeneration in aging flies along with mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to the progressive locomotor deficits. The oxidative stress challenge upregulates Fer2 expression and exacerbates the PAM neuron degeneration in Fer2 loss-of-function mutants. hlh-13, the worm homolog of p48, is also expressed in DA neurons. Unlike the fly counterpart, hlh-13 loss-of-function does not impair development or survival of DA neurons under normal growth conditions. Yet, similar to Fer2, hlh-13 expression is upregulated upon an acute oxidative challenge and is required for the survival of DA neurons under oxidative stress in adult worms. Taken together, our results indicate that p48 homologs share a role in protecting DA neurons from oxidative stress and degeneration, and suggest that loss-of-function of p48 homologs in flies and worms provides novel tools to study gene-environmental interactions affecting DA neuron survival. Parkinson's disease is a common movement disorder with no known cure. Its characteristic motor symptoms are primarily caused by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Although studies have shown that various environmental and genetic factors both contribute to the development of the disease, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we use powerful invertebrate model organisms, fruit flies and nematode worms, and identify a new gene required for the survival of dopaminergic neurons. We show that homologs of the p48/ptf1-a gene in both flies and worms are expressed in dopaminergic neurons and mutations in p48 increase the susceptibility of dopaminergic neuron death when animals are under oxidative stress. Importantly, genetic variations in p48 in humans have been detected in the sporadic Parkinson's disease patients, indicating the possibility that similar mechanism might play a role in the death of dopaminergic neurons in humans. Oxidative stress has been regarded as a major pathogenic factor for Parkinson's disease. Our results add evidence to the link between oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, and suggest that p48 mutant flies and worms can be used to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bou Dib
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Gnägi
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Daly
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Sabado
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Damla Tas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique A. Glauser
- Department of Biology/Zoology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meister
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emi Nagoshi
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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45
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Radosevic M, Fargas L, Alsina B. The role of her4 in inner ear development and its relationship with proneural genes and Notch signalling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109860. [PMID: 25299450 PMCID: PMC4192589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of sensory neurons and hair cells of the inner ear is under tight control. Different members of the Hairy and Enhancer of Split genes (HES) are expressed in the inner ear, their full array of functions still not being disclosed. We have previously shown that zebrafish her9 acts as a patterning gene to restrict otic neurogenesis to an anterior domain. Here, we disclose the role of another her gene, her4, a zebrafish ortholog of Hes5 that is expressed in the neurogenic and sensory domains of the inner ear. The expression of her4 is highly dynamic and spatiotemporally regulated. We demonstrate by loss of function experiments that in the neurogenic domain her4 expression is under the regulation of neurogenin1 (neurog1) and the Notch pathway. Moreover, her4 participates in lateral inhibition during otic neurogenesis since her4 knockdown results in overproduction of the number of neurog1 and deltaB-positive otic neurons. In contrast, during sensorigenesis her4 is initially Notch-independent and induced by atoh1b in a broad prosensory domain. At later stages her4 expression becomes Notch-dependent in the future sensory domains but loss of her4 does not result in hair cell overproduction, suggesting that there other her genes can compensate its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Radosevic
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fargas
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Alsina
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kaul A, Schuster E, Jennings BH. The Groucho co-repressor is primarily recruited to local target sites in active chromatin to attenuate transcription. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004595. [PMID: 25165826 PMCID: PMC4148212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated by the complex interaction between transcriptional activators and repressors, which function in part by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to control accessibility of DNA to RNA polymerase. The evolutionarily conserved family of Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) proteins act as co-repressors for numerous transcription factors. Gro/TLE proteins act in several key pathways during development (including Notch and Wnt signaling), and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several human cancers. Gro/TLE proteins form oligomers and it has been proposed that their ability to exert long-range repression on target genes involves oligomerization over broad regions of chromatin. However, analysis of an endogenous gro mutation in Drosophila revealed that oligomerization of Gro is not always obligatory for repression in vivo. We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) to profile Gro recruitment in two Drosophila cell lines. We find that Gro predominantly binds at discrete peaks (<1 kilobase). We also demonstrate that blocking Gro oligomerization does not reduce peak width as would be expected if Gro oligomerization induced spreading along the chromatin from the site of recruitment. Gro recruitment is enriched in “active” chromatin containing developmentally regulated genes. However, Gro binding is associated with local regions containing hypoacetylated histones H3 and H4, which is indicative of chromatin that is not fully open for efficient transcription. We also find that peaks of Gro binding frequently overlap the transcription start sites of expressed genes that exhibit strong RNA polymerase pausing and that depletion of Gro leads to release of polymerase pausing and increased transcription at a bona fide target gene. Our results demonstrate that Gro is recruited to local sites by transcription factors to attenuate rather than silence gene expression by promoting histone deacetylation and polymerase pausing. Repression by transcription factors plays a central role in gene regulation. The Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) family of co-repressors interacts with many different transcription factors and has many essential roles during animal development. Groucho/TLE proteins form oligomers that are necessary for target gene repression in some contexts. We have profiled the genome-wide recruitment of the founding member of this family, Groucho (from Drosophila) to gain insight into how and where it binds with respect to target genes and to identify factors associated with its binding. We find that Groucho binds in discrete peaks, frequently at transcription start sites, and that blocking Groucho from forming oligomers does not significantly change the pattern of Groucho recruitment. Although Groucho acts as a repressor, Groucho binding is enriched in chromatin that is permissive for transcription, and we find that it acts to attenuate rather than completely silence target gene expression. Thus, Groucho does not act as an “on/off” switch on target gene expression, but rather as a “mute” button.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Kaul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Schuster
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara H. Jennings
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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47
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Gregg JL, Turner RM, Chang G, Joshi D, Zhan Y, Chen L, Maranchie JK. NADPH oxidase NOX4 supports renal tumorigenesis by promoting the expression and nuclear accumulation of HIF2α. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3501-3511. [PMID: 24755467 PMCID: PMC4079760 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most sporadically occurring renal tumors include a functional loss of the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Development of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies upon activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), a master transcriptional regulator of genes that drive diverse processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, and anaerobic metabolism. In determining the critical functions for HIF2α expression in RCC cells, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been identified, but the pathogenic contributions of NOX4 to RCC have not been evaluated directly. Here, we report that NOX4 silencing in VHL-deficient RCC cells abrogates cell branching, invasion, colony formation, and growth in a murine xenograft model RCC. These alterations were phenocopied by treatment of the superoxide scavenger, TEMPOL, or by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or catalase. Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF2α in RCC cells. Our results offer direct evidence that NOX4 is critical for renal tumorigenesis and they show how NOX4 suppression and VHL re-expression in VHL-deficient RCC cells are genetically synonymous, supporting development of therapeutic regimens aimed at NOX4 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Robert M. Turner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Guimin Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Disha Joshi
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Ye Zhan
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Surgery
| | - Li Chen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Jodi K. Maranchie
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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48
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Oliveira MM, Shingleton AW, Mirth CK. Coordination of wing and whole-body development at developmental milestones ensures robustness against environmental and physiological perturbations. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004408. [PMID: 24945255 PMCID: PMC4063698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development produces correctly patterned tissues under a wide range of conditions that alter the rate of development in the whole body. We propose two hypotheses through which tissue patterning could be coordinated with whole-body development to generate this robustness. Our first hypothesis states that tissue patterning is tightly coordinated with whole-body development over time. The second hypothesis is that tissue patterning aligns at developmental milestones. To distinguish between our two hypotheses, we developed a staging scheme for the wing imaginal discs of Drosophila larvae using the expression of canonical patterning genes, linking our scheme to three whole-body developmental events: moulting, larval wandering and pupariation. We used our scheme to explore how the progression of pattern changes when developmental time is altered either by changing temperature or by altering the timing of hormone synthesis that drives developmental progression. We found the expression pattern in the wing disc always aligned at moulting and pupariation, indicating that these key developmental events represent milestones. Between these milestones, the progression of pattern showed greater variability in response to changes in temperature and alterations in physiology. Furthermore, our data showed that discs from wandering larvae showed greater variability in patterning stage. Thus for wing disc patterning, wandering does not appear to be a developmental milestone. Our findings reveal that tissue patterning remains robust against environmental and physiological perturbations by aligning at developmental milestones. Furthermore, our work provides an important glimpse into how the development of individual tissues is coordinated with the body as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M. Oliveira
- Development, Evolution and the Environment Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexander W. Shingleton
- Dept. of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Dept. of Biology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christen K. Mirth
- Development, Evolution and the Environment Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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49
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Yasugi T, Fischer A, Jiang Y, Reichert H, Knoblich JA. A regulatory transcriptional loop controls proliferation and differentiation in Drosophila neural stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97034. [PMID: 24804774 PMCID: PMC4013126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is initiated by a set of basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors that specify neural progenitors and allow them to generate neurons in multiple rounds of asymmetric cell division. The Drosophila Daughterless (Da) protein and its mammalian counterparts (E12/E47) act as heterodimerization factors for proneural genes and are therefore critically required for neurogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that Da can also be an inhibitor of the neural progenitor fate whose absence leads to stem cell overproliferation and tumor formation. We explain this paradox by demonstrating that Da induces the differentiation factor Prospero (Pros) whose asymmetric segregation is essential for differentiation in one of the two daughter cells. Da co-operates with the bHLH transcription factor Asense, whereas the other proneural genes are dispensible. After mitosis, Pros terminates Asense expression in one of the two daughter cells. In da mutants, pros is not expressed, leading to the formation of lethal transplantable brain tumors. Our results define a transcriptional feedback loop that regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in Drosophila optic lobe neuroblasts. They indicate that initiation of a neural differentiation program in stem cells is essential to prevent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yasugi
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Juergen A. Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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50
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Luoni A, Rocha FF, Riva MA. Anatomical specificity in the modulation of activity-regulated genes after acute or chronic lurasidone treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:94-101. [PMID: 24361635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lurasidone is a novel second generation antipsychotic drug characterized by a multi-receptor profile. Besides the high affinity for 5-HT2A and D2 receptors, it is also characterized by potent 5-HT7 receptor antagonism, which may be beneficial for mood and cognition. Considering that dose-dependent changes in receptor occupancy may differentially impact gene transcription, we aimed at investigating the effects of acute and chronic treatments with different doses of lurasidone (1, 3 and 10mg/kg) in rats on the expression of the activity-regulated genes Arc, Zif268 and Npas4, which are markers of neuronal activation and are also associated with neuroadaptive mechanisms. Our results show dose-dependent and anatomically-selective differences after acute and chronic lurasidone treatment. Indeed, the effects produced by acute treatment seem to reflect the modulatory activity of lurasidone at selected neurotransmitter receptors. In fact, low doses of the drug acted in the hippocampus, while high doses acted in the striatum, reflecting the high predominance of D2 receptor expression in this brain region. On the contrary, chronic treatment with lurasidone revealed a different profile of IEGs modulation, possibly reflecting neuroadaptive changes set in motion in response to repetitive drug exposure. In summary, the multi-receptor profile of lurasidone leads to the recruitment of different brain structures in a dose-related manner and this may be important for its therapeutic properties, particularly with respect to antidepressant activity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio F Rocha
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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