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Chen J, Farraj RA, Limonta D, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Kerek EM, Bhattacharya A, Reformat FM, Mabrouk OM, Brigant B, Pfeifer TA, McDermott MT, Ussher JR, Hobman TC, Glover JNM, Hubbard BP. Reversible and irreversible inhibitors of coronavirus Nsp15 endoribonuclease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105341. [PMID: 37832873 PMCID: PMC10656235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, has resulted in the largest pandemic in recent history. Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate this disease have focused on the development of vaccines and on drugs that inhibit the viral 3CL protease or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes. A less-explored and potentially complementary drug target is Nsp15, a uracil-specific RNA endonuclease that shields coronaviruses and other nidoviruses from mammalian innate immune defenses. Here, we perform a high-throughput screen of over 100,000 small molecules to identify Nsp15 inhibitors. We characterize the potency, mechanism, selectivity, and predicted binding mode of five lead compounds. We show that one of these, IPA-3, is an irreversible inhibitor that might act via covalent modification of Cys residues within Nsp15. Moreover, we demonstrate that three of these inhibitors (hexachlorophene, IPA-3, and CID5675221) block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in cells at subtoxic doses. This study provides a pipeline for the identification of Nsp15 inhibitors and pinpoints lead compounds for further development against coronavirus disease 2019 and related coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rabih Abou Farraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Limonta
- Department of Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Evan M Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashim Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filip M Reformat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ola M Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Brigant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom A Pfeifer
- High Throughput Biology Facility, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark T McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom C Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Zhao S, Liu X, Li L, Kong X, Sun W, Loomes K, Nie T, Hui X, Wu D. KIRA8 attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1 signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:158-164. [PMID: 36209584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is enhanced in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among three signalling pathways, the IRE1α/XBP1 signalling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH but its significance is still largely uncharacterised. In this report, we constructed a hepatocyte-specific XBP1-Luciferase knock-in mouse model that allows in vivo monitoring of the IRE1α/XBP1 activity in hepatocytes. Using this mouse model, we found that IRE1α/XBP1 was activated within hepatocytes during the pathogenesis of NASH. Significantly, a specific IRE1α kinase-inhibiting RNase attenuator, KIRA8, attenuated NASH in mice. In conclusion, our hepatocyte-specific XBP1 splicing reporter mouse represents a valid model for research and drug development of NASH, which showed that the IRE1α-induced XBP splicing is potentiated in hepatocytes during pathogenesis of NASH. Furthermore, we carried out the proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that the allosteric IRE1α RNase inhibitor serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Kerry Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tao Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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3
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Ma Y, Luo M, Deng Y, Yang X, Wang X, Chen G, Qin Z, Deng Y, Nan M, Chen Y, Wang P, Wei H, Han L, Fang X, Liu Z. Antibiotic-Induced Primary Biles Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Endoribonuclease Nsp15 Activity in Mouse Gut. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896504. [PMID: 35967852 PMCID: PMC9366059 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome profile of COVID-19 patients was found to correlate with a viral load of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 severity, and dysfunctional immune responses, suggesting that gut microbiota may be involved in anti-infection. In order to investigate the role of gut microbiota in anti-infection against SARS-CoV-2, we established a high-throughput in vitro screening system for COVID-19 therapeutics by targeting the endoribonuclease (Nsp15). We also evaluated the activity inhibition of the target by substances of intestinal origin, using a mouse model in an attempt to explore the interactions between gut microbiota and SARS-CoV-2. The results unexpectedly revealed that antibiotic treatment induced the appearance of substances with Nsp15 activity inhibition in the intestine of mice. Comprehensive analysis based on functional profiling of the fecal metagenomes and endoribonuclease assay of antibiotic-enriched bacteria and metabolites demonstrated that the Nsp15 inhibitors were the primary bile acids that accumulated in the gut as a result of antibiotic-induced deficiency of bile acid metabolizing microbes. This study provides a new perspective on the development of COVID-19 therapeutics using primary bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Deng
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionglue Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Nan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Liu, ; Xiaodong Fang, ; Lijuan Han,
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4
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Xiao R, You L, Zhang L, Guo X, Guo E, Zhao F, Yang B, Li X, Fu Y, Lu F, Wang Z, Liu C, Peng W, Li W, Yang X, Dou Y, Liu J, Wang W, Qin T, Cui Y, Zhang X, Li F, Jin Y, Zeng Q, Wang B, Mills GB, Chen G, Sheng X, Sun C. Inhibiting the IRE1α Axis of the Unfolded Protein Response Enhances the Antitumor Effect of AZD1775 in TP53 Mutant Ovarian Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105469. [PMID: 35619328 PMCID: PMC9313493 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the G2/M checkpoint mediator WEE1 has been explored as a novel treatment strategy in ovarian cancer, but mechanisms underlying its efficacy and resistance remains to be understood. Here, it is demonstrated that the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-required enzyme 1α (IRE1α) branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in TP53 mutant (mtTP53) ovarian cancer models. This is facilitated through NF-κB mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Upon AZD1775 treatment, activated PERK promotes apoptotic signaling via C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), while IRE1α-induced splicing of XBP1 (XBP1s) maintains cell survival by repressing apoptosis. This leads to an encouraging synergistic antitumor effect of combining AZD1775 and an IRE1α inhibitor MKC8866 in multiple cell lines and preclinical models of ovarian cancers. Taken together, the data reveal an important dual role of the UPR signaling network in mtTP53 ovarian cancer models in response to AZD1775 and suggest that inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway may enhance the efficacy of AZD1775 in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rourou Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Lixin You
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xichen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Ensong Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yu Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Funian Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zizhuo Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Chen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wenju Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wenting Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yingyu Dou
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yaoyuan Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZheng Zhou450052China
| | - Fuxia Li
- Department of gynecologyFirst Affiliated HospitalShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziXinjiang832000P. R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOslo0371Norway
| | - Qingping Zeng
- Fosun OrinoveInc.Unit 211, Building A4, 218 Xinhu StreetSuzhou215000China
| | - Beibei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of CellDevelopment and Cancer BiologyKnight Cancer InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR97201USA
| | - Gang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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5
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Tang J, Dong B, Liu M, Liu S, Niu X, Gaughan C, Asthana A, Zhou H, Xu Z, Zhang G, Silverman RH, Huang H. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of RNase L by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1445-1457. [PMID: 34841869 PMCID: PMC10620946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pseudokinase-endoribonuclease RNase L plays important roles in antiviral innate immunity and is also implicated in many other cellular activities. The inhibition of RNase L showed therapeutic potential for Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Thus, RNase L is a promising drug target. In this study, using an enzyme assay and NMR screening, we discovered 13 inhibitory fragments against RNase L. Cocrystal structures of RNase L separately complexed with two different fragments were determined in which both fragments bound to the ATP-binding pocket of the pseudokinase domain. Myricetin, vitexin, and hyperoside, three natural products sharing similar scaffolds with the fragment AC40357, demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity in vitro. In addition, myricetin has a promising cellular inhibitory activity. A cocrystal structure of RNase L with myricetin provided a structural basis for inhibitor design by allosterically modulating the ribonuclease activity. Our findings demonstrate that fragment screening can lead to the discovery of natural product inhibitors of RNase L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Beihua Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xiaogang Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Christina Gaughan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Abhishek Asthana
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Robert H. Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Zrieq R, Ahmad I, Snoussi M, Noumi E, Iriti M, Algahtani FD, Patel H, Saeed M, Tasleem M, Sulaiman S, Aouadi K, Kadri A. Tomatidine and Patchouli Alcohol as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Enzymes (3CLpro, PLpro and NSP15) by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10693. [PMID: 34639036 PMCID: PMC8509278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the current dramatic and fatal situation due to the high spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an urgent unmet medical need to identify novel and effective approaches for prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) by re-evaluating and repurposing of known drugs. For this, tomatidine and patchouli alcohol have been selected as potential drugs for combating the virus. The hit compounds were subsequently docked into the active site and molecular docking analyses revealed that both drugs can bind the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, PLpro, NSP15, COX-2 and PLA2 targets with a number of important binding interactions. To further validate the interactions of promising compound tomatidine, Molecular dynamics study of 100 ns was carried out towards 3CLpro, NSP15 and COX-2. This indicated that the protein-ligand complex was stable throughout the simulation period, and minimal backbone fluctuations have ensued in the system. Post dynamic MM-GBSA analysis of molecular dynamics data showed promising mean binding free energy 47.4633 ± 9.28, 51.8064 ± 8.91 and 54.8918 ± 7.55 kcal/mol, respectively. Likewise, in silico ADMET studies of the selected ligands showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties with good absorption, bioavailability and devoid of toxicity. Therefore, patchouli alcohol and especially, tomatidine may provide prospect treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 infection by potentially inhibiting virus duplication though more research is guaranteed and secured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Zrieq
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.); (F.D.A.)
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India; (I.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il City, P.O. 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il City, P.O. 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, (LR14-ES06), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Phytochem Lab., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioispired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fahad D. Algahtani
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.); (F.D.A.)
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India; (I.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il City, P.O. 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Shadi Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Adel Kadri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts of Baljurashi, Albaha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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7
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Canal B, Fujisawa R, McClure AW, Deegan TD, Wu M, Ulferts R, Weissmann F, Drury LS, Bertolin AP, Zeng J, Beale R, Howell M, Labib K, Diffley JF. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of nsp15 endoribonuclease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2465-2479. [PMID: 34198324 PMCID: PMC8286823 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for COVID-19, a human disease that has caused over 2 million deaths, stretched health systems to near-breaking point and endangered economies of countries and families around the world. Antiviral treatments to combat COVID-19 are currently lacking. Remdesivir, the only antiviral drug approved for the treatment of COVID-19, can affect disease severity, but better treatments are needed. SARS-CoV-2 encodes 16 non-structural proteins (nsp) that possess different enzymatic activities with important roles in viral genome replication, transcription and host immune evasion. One key aspect of host immune evasion is performed by the uridine-directed endoribonuclease activity of nsp15. Here we describe the expression and purification of nsp15 recombinant protein. We have developed biochemical assays to follow its activity, and we have found evidence for allosteric behaviour. We screened a custom chemical library of over 5000 compounds to identify nsp15 endoribonuclease inhibitors, and we identified and validated NSC95397 as an inhibitor of nsp15 endoribonuclease in vitro. Although NSC95397 did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 growth in VERO E6 cells, further studies will be required to determine the effect of nsp15 inhibition on host immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Canal
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Allison W. McClure
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Tom D. Deegan
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Lucy S. Drury
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Agustina P. Bertolin
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Jingkun Zeng
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Karim Labib
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - John F.X. Diffley
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
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8
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Goddard LR, Mardle CE, Gneid H, Ball CG, Gowers DM, Atkins HS, Butt LE, Watts JK, Vincent HA, Callaghan AJ. An Investigation into the Potential of Targeting Escherichia coli rne mRNA with Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Gapmers as an Antibacterial Strategy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113414. [PMID: 34200016 PMCID: PMC8200214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibacterial resistance is a serious challenge for both the health and defence sectors and there is a need for both novel antibacterial targets and antibacterial strategies. RNA degradation and ribonucleases, such as the essential endoribonuclease RNase E, encoded by the rne gene, are emerging as potential antibacterial targets while antisense oligonucleotides may provide alternative antibacterial strategies. As rne mRNA has not been previously targeted using an antisense approach, we decided to explore using antisense oligonucleotides to target the translation initiation region of the Escherichia coli rne mRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides were rationally designed and were synthesised as locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmers to enable inhibition of rne mRNA translation through two mechanisms. Either LNA gapmer binding could sterically block translation and/or LNA gapmer binding could facilitate RNase H-mediated cleavage of the rne mRNA. This may prove to be an advantage over the majority of previous antibacterial antisense oligonucleotide approaches which used oligonucleotide chemistries that restrict the mode-of-action of the antisense oligonucleotide to steric blocking of translation. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that the LNA gapmers bind to the translation initiation region of E. coli rne mRNA. We then use a cell-free transcription translation reporter assay to show that this binding is capable of inhibiting translation. Finally, in an in vitro RNase H cleavage assay, the LNA gapmers facilitate RNase H-mediated mRNA cleavage. Although the challenges of antisense oligonucleotide delivery remain to be addressed, overall, this work lays the foundations for the development of a novel antibacterial strategy targeting rne mRNA with antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla R. Goddard
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Charlotte E. Mardle
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Hassan Gneid
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; (H.G.); (J.K.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ciara G. Ball
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Darren M. Gowers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Helen S. Atkins
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK;
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Louise E. Butt
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Jonathan K. Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; (H.G.); (J.K.W.)
| | - Helen A. Vincent
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
- Correspondence: (H.A.V.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Anastasia J. Callaghan
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (L.R.G.); (C.E.M.); (C.G.B.); (D.M.G.); (L.E.B.)
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
- Correspondence: (H.A.V.); (A.J.C.)
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9
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Sixto‐López Y, Martínez‐Archundia M. Drug repositioning to target NSP15 protein on SARS-CoV-2 as possible COVID-19 treatment. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:897-907. [PMID: 33713492 PMCID: PMC8250597 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 belong to the subfamily Coronaviridae and infect humans, they are constituted by four structural proteins: Spike glycoprotein (S), membrane (M), envelope (E) and nucleocapsid (N), and nonstructural proteins, such as Nsp15 protein which is exclusively present on nidoviruses and is absent in other RNA viruses, making it an ideal target in the field of drug design. A virtual screening strategy to search for potential drugs was proposed, using molecular docking to explore a library of approved drugs available in the DrugBank database in order to identify possible NSP15 inhibitors to treat Covid19 disease. We found from the docking analysis that the antiviral drugs: Paritaprevir and Elbasvir, currently both approved for hepatitis C treatment which showed some of the lowest free binding energy values were considered as repositioning drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of the Apo and Holo-Nsp15 systems were performed in order to get insights about the stability of these protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudibeth Sixto‐López
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e InvestigaciónEscuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo TomásCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Marlet Martínez‐Archundia
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e InvestigaciónEscuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo TomásCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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10
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Stevaert A, Krasniqi B, Van Loy B, Nguyen T, Thomas J, Vandeput J, Jochmans D, Thiel V, Dijkman R, Dehaen W, Voet A, Naesens L. Betulonic Acid Derivatives Interfering with Human Coronavirus 229E Replication via the nsp15 Endoribonuclease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5632-5644. [PMID: 33877845 PMCID: PMC8084268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop antiviral therapeutics against human coronavirus (HCoV) infections, suitable coronavirus drug targets and corresponding lead molecules must be urgently identified. Here, we describe the discovery of a class of HCoV inhibitors acting on nsp15, a hexameric protein component of the viral replication-transcription complexes, endowed with immune evasion-associated endoribonuclease activity. Structure-activity relationship exploration of these 1,2,3-triazolo-fused betulonic acid derivatives yielded lead molecule 5h as a strong inhibitor (antiviral EC50: 0.6 μM) of HCoV-229E replication. An nsp15 endoribonuclease active site mutant virus was markedly less sensitive to 5h, and selected resistance to the compound mapped to mutations in the N-terminal part of HCoV-229E nsp15, at an interface between two nsp15 monomers. The biological findings were substantiated by the nsp15 binding mode for 5h, predicted by docking. Hence, besides delivering a distinct class of inhibitors, our study revealed a druggable pocket in the nsp15 hexamer with relevance for anti-coronavirus drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Stevaert
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Benjamin Van Loy
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology,
Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Julie Vandeput
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology
(IVI), 3012 Bern and 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology
(IVI), 3012 Bern and 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases (IFIK),
University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology,
Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
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11
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Kumar S, Kashyap P, Chowdhury S, Kumar S, Panwar A, Kumar A. Identification of phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents that binds to Nsp15 protein target of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that are capable of inhibiting virus replication. Phytomedicine 2021; 85:153317. [PMID: 32943302 PMCID: PMC7470885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) playing havoc across the globe caused 585,727 deaths and 13,616,593 confirmed cases so far as per World Health Organization data released till 17th July 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) is responsible for causing this pandemic across different continents. It is not only impacting the world economy but also quarantined millions of people in their homes or hospitals. PURPOSE At present, there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved drug or vaccine available to treat this disease. Still, people are trying various pre-existing medicines that are known to have anti-viral or anti-parasitic effects. In view of this, the present study aimed to study the binding potential of various phytochemicals present in multiple natural plant extract as a secondary metabolite to non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) protein, a drug target known to play a crucial role in virulence of coronavirus. METHOD Nsp15 protein was selected because it shows 89% similarity to the other SARS-CoV, which caused the earlier outbreak. The assumption is that inhibition of Nsp15 slowdowns the viral replication. Phytochemicals are selected as these are present in various plant parts (seed, flower, roots, etc.), which are used in different food cuisines in different geographical regions across the globe. The molecular docking approach was performed using two different software, i.e., Autodock, and Swissdock, to study the interaction of various phytochemicals with Nsp15 protein. Hydroxychloroquine is used as a positive control as it is used by medical professionals showing some positive effects in dealing with coronavirus. RESULTS The present study demonstrated the binding potential of approximately 50 phytochemicals with Nsp15 and capable of inhibiting the viral replication, although in vitro and in vivo tests are required to confirm these findings. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study successfully demonstrated the binding of phytochemicals such as sarsasapogenin, ursonic acid, curcumin, ajmalicine, novobiocin, silymarin and aranotin, piperine, gingerol, rosmarinic acid, and alpha terpinyl acetate to Nsp15 viral protein and they might play a key role in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India.
| | - Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Suman Chowdhury
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Centre for System Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for System Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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12
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Choi R, Zhou M, Shek R, Wilson JW, Tillery L, Craig JK, Salukhe IA, Hickson SE, Kumar N, James RM, Buchko GW, Wu R, Huff S, Nguyen TT, Hurst BL, Cherry S, Barrett LK, Hyde JL, Van Voorhis WC. High-throughput screening of the ReFRAME, Pandemic Box, and COVID Box drug repurposing libraries against SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease to identify small-molecule inhibitors of viral activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250019. [PMID: 33886614 PMCID: PMC8062000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic, and has taken over 1.7 million lives as of mid-December, 2020. Although great progress has been made in the development of effective countermeasures, with several pharmaceutical companies approved or poised to deliver vaccines to market, there is still an unmet need of essential antiviral drugs with therapeutic impact for the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Towards this goal, a high-throughput assay was used to screen SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 uracil-dependent endonuclease (endoU) function against 13 thousand compounds from drug and lead repurposing compound libraries. While over 80% of initial hit compounds were pan-assay inhibitory compounds, three hits were confirmed as nsp15 endoU inhibitors in the 1-20 μM range in vitro. Furthermore, Exebryl-1, a ß-amyloid anti-aggregation molecule for Alzheimer's therapy, was shown to have antiviral activity between 10 to 66 μM, in Vero 76, Caco-2, and Calu-3 cells. Although the inhibitory concentrations determined for Exebryl-1 exceed those recommended for therapeutic intervention, our findings show great promise for further optimization of Exebryl-1 as an nsp15 endoU inhibitor and as a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Choi
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Roger Shek
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jesse W. Wilson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Logan Tillery
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Justin K. Craig
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Indraneel A. Salukhe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Hickson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Rhema M. James
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Garry W. Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Ruilian Wu
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Sydney Huff
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tu-Trinh Nguyen
- Calibr, a division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Hyde
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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13
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Herlea-Pana O, Eeda V, Undi RB, Lim HY, Wang W. Pharmacological Inhibition of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α RNase Activity Protects Pancreatic Beta Cell and Improves Diabetic Condition in Insulin Mutation-Induced Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749879. [PMID: 34675883 PMCID: PMC8524045 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell ER stress plays an important role in β-cell dysfunction and death during the pathogenesis of diabetes. Proinsulin misfolding is regarded as one of the primary initiating factors of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation in β-cells. Here, we found that the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) was activated in the Akita mice, a mouse model of mutant insulin gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY), a monogenic diabetes. Normalization of IRE1α RNase hyperactivity by pharmacological inhibitors significantly ameliorated the hyperglycemic conditions and increased serum insulin levels in Akita mice. These benefits were accompanied by a concomitant protection of functional β-cell mass, as shown by the suppression of β-cell apoptosis, increase in mature insulin production and reduction of proinsulin level. At the molecular level, we observed that the expression of genes associated with β-cell identity and function was significantly up-regulated and ER stress and its associated inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed in islets from Akita mice treated with IRE1α RNase inhibitors. This study provides the evidence of the in vivo efficacy of IRE1α RNase inhibitors in Akita mice, pointing to the possibility of targeting IRE1α RNase as a therapeutic direction for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Weidong Wang, , orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-0953
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14
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Grandjean JMD, Wiseman RL. Small molecule strategies to harness the unfolded protein response: where do we go from here? J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15692-15711. [PMID: 32887796 PMCID: PMC7667976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways activated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Once activated, these proteins initiate transcriptional and translational signaling that functions to alleviate ER stress, adapt cellular physiology, and dictate cell fate. Imbalances in UPR signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous, etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding diseases, diabetes, ischemic disorders, and cancer. This has led to significant interest in establishing pharmacologic strategies to selectively modulate IRE1, ATF6, or PERK signaling to both ameliorate pathologic imbalances in UPR signaling implicated in these different diseases and define the importance of the UPR in diverse cellular and organismal contexts. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification and characterization of UPR modulating compounds, providing new opportunities to probe the pathologic and potentially therapeutic implications of UPR signaling in human disease. Here, we describe currently available UPR modulating compounds, specifically highlighting the strategies used for their discovery and specific advantages and disadvantages in their application for probing UPR function. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from the application of these compounds in cellular and in vivo models to identify favorable compound properties that can help drive the further translational development of selective UPR modulators for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M D Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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15
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Lipworth B, Chan R, Kuo CR. Use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and coronavirus disease 2019: Keep calm and carry on. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:503-504. [PMID: 32585180 PMCID: PMC7329280 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lipworth
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Rory Chan
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris RuiWen Kuo
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Pavlović N, Calitz C, Thanapirom K, Mazza G, Rombouts K, Gerwins P, Heindryckx F. Inhibiting IRE1α-endonuclease activity decreases tumor burden in a mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2020; 9:e55865. [PMID: 33103995 PMCID: PMC7661042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a liver tumor that usually arises in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatic stellate cells are key players in the progression of HCC, as they create a fibrotic micro-environment and produce growth factors and cytokines that enhance tumor cell proliferation and migration. We assessed the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cross-talk between stellate cells and HCC cells. Mice with a fibrotic HCC were treated with the IRE1α-inhibitor 4μ8C, which reduced tumor burden and collagen deposition. By co-culturing HCC-cells with stellate cells, we found that HCC-cells activate IREα in stellate cells, thereby contributing to their activation. Inhibiting IRE1α blocked stellate cell activation, which then decreased proliferation and migration of tumor cells in different in vitro 2D and 3D co-cultures. In addition, we also observed cell-line-specific direct effects of inhibiting IRE1α in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Pavlović
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Carlemi Calitz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kess Thanapirom
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Guiseppe Mazza
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pär Gerwins
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Yamashita Y, Morita S, Hosoi H, Kobata H, Kishimoto S, Ishibashi T, Mishima H, Kinoshita A, Backes BJ, Yoshiura KI, Papa FR, Sonoki T, Tamura S. Targeting Adaptive IRE1α Signaling and PLK2 in Multiple Myeloma: Possible Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of KIRA8 and Nilotinib. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176314. [PMID: 32878237 PMCID: PMC7504392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), along with protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), is a principal regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recently, the 'mono'-specific IRE1α inhibitor, kinase-inhibiting RNase attenuator 6 (KIRA6), demonstrated a promising effect against multiple myeloma (MM). Side-stepping the clinical translation, a detailed UPR phenotype in patients with MM and the mechanisms of how KIRA8 works in MM remains unclear. METHODS We characterized UPR phenotypes in the bone marrow of patients with newly diagnosed MM. Then, in human MM cells we analyzed the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of KIRA8 and a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, nilotinib, which we recently identified as having a strong inhibitory effect against IRE1α activity. Finally, we performed an RNA-sequence analysis to detect key IRE1α-related molecules against MM. RESULTS We illustrated the dominant induction of adaptive UPR markers under IRE1α over the PERK pathway in patients with MM. In human MM cells, KIRA8 decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis, along with the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP); its combination with bortezomib exhibited more anti-myeloma effects than KIRA8 alone. Nilotinib exerted a similar effect compared with KIRA8. RNA-sequencing identified Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) as a KIRA8-suppressed gene. Specifically, the IRE1α overexpression induced PLK2 expression, which was decreased by KIRA8. KIRA8 and PLK2 inhibition exerted anti-myeloma effects with apoptosis induction and the regulation of cell proliferation. Finally, PLK2 was pathologically confirmed to be highly expressed in patients with MM. CONCLUSION Dominant activation of adaptive IRE1α was established in patients with MM. Both KIRA8 and nilotinib exhibited anti-myeloma effects, which were enhanced by bortezomib. Adaptive IRE1α signaling and PLK2 could be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamashita
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Shuhei Morita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (S.K.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-73-441-0625 (S.M.); +81-73-441-0665 (S.T.); Fax: +81-73-445-9436 (S.M.); +81-73-441-0653 (S.T.)
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Kobata
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Shohei Kishimoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Tatsuya Ishibashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.M.); (A.K.); (K.-I.Y.)
| | - Akira Kinoshita
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.M.); (A.K.); (K.-I.Y.)
| | - Bradley J. Backes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (B.J.B.); (F.R.P.)
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.M.); (A.K.); (K.-I.Y.)
| | - Feroz R. Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (B.J.B.); (F.R.P.)
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Shinobu Tamura
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-73-441-0625 (S.M.); +81-73-441-0665 (S.T.); Fax: +81-73-445-9436 (S.M.); +81-73-441-0653 (S.T.)
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18
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Kimura H, Kurusu H, Sada M, Kurai D, Murakami K, Kamitani W, Tomita H, Katayama K, Ryo A. Molecular pharmacology of ciclesonide against SARS-CoV-2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:330-331. [PMID: 32593491 PMCID: PMC7293530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Kurusu
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sada
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tomita
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Huang J, Lu W, Doycheva DM, Gamdzyk M, Hu X, Liu R, Zhang JH, Tang J. IRE1α inhibition attenuates neuronal pyroptosis via miR-125/NLRP1 pathway in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:152. [PMID: 32375838 PMCID: PMC7203836 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha (IRE1α), one of the sensor signaling proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has been shown to alleviate brain injury and improve neurological behavior in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) rat model. However, there is no information about the role of IRE1α inhibitor as well as its molecular mechanisms in preventing neuronal pyroptosis induced by NLRP1 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 1) inflammasome. In the present study, we hypothesized that IRE1α can degrade microRNA-125-b-2-3p (miR-125-b-2-3p) and activate NLRP1/caspased-1 pathway, and subsequently promote neuronal pyroptosis in HIE rat model. METHODS Ten-day old unsexed rat pups were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury, and the inhibitor of IRE1α, STF083010, was administered intranasally at 1 h after HI induction. AntimiR-125 or NLRP1 activation CRISPR was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 24 h before HI induction. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), brain infarct volume measurement, neurological function tests, and Fluoro-Jade C staining were performed. RESULTS Endogenous phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), NLRP1, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were increased and miR-125-b-2-3p was decreased in HIE rat model. STF083010 administration significantly upregulated the expression of miR-125-b-2-3p, reduced the infarct volume, improved neurobehavioral outcomes and downregulated the protein expression of NLRP1, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. The protective effects of STF083010 were reversed by antimiR-125 or NLRP1 activation CRISPR. CONCLUSIONS IRE1α inhibitor, STF083010, reduced neuronal pyroptosis at least in part via miR-125/NLRP1/caspase-1 signaling pathway after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Weitian Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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20
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Jin Y, Saatcioglu F. Targeting the Unfolded Protein Response in Hormone-Regulated Cancers. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:160-171. [PMID: 32061305 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exploit many of the cellular adaptive responses to support their survival needs. One of these is the unfolded protein response (UPR), a highly conserved signaling pathway that is mounted in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent work showed that steroid hormones, in particular estrogens and androgens, regulate the canonical UPR pathways in breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, UPR has pleiotropic effects in advanced disease and development of therapy resistance. These findings implicate the UPR pathway as a novel target in hormonally regulated cancers in the clinic. Here, we review the potential therapeutic value of recently developed small molecule inhibitors of UPR in hormone regulated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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21
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Merlot AM, Porter GM, Sahni S, Lim EG, Peres P, Richardson DR. The metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, differentially modulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2094-2110. [PMID: 30981813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), is a stress response protein that is involved in the inhibition of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Initial studies have linked NDRG1 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Considering this, we extensively examined the mechanism by which NDRG1 regulates the ER stress response in pancreatic and colon cancer cells. We also examined the anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), which induces NDRG1 expression and causes ER stress. The expression of NDRG1 was demonstrated to regulate the three main arms of the ER stress response by: (1) increasing the expression of three major ER chaperones, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), calreticulin, and calnexin; (2) suppressing the protein kinase, RNA-activated (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK); (3) inhibiting the inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) arm; and (4) increasing the cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). An important finding was that NDRG1 enhances the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity of Dp44mT. This increased efficacy could be related to the following effects in the presence of Dp44mT and NDRG1, namely: markedly increased activation of the PERK target, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α); the maintenance of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression; high cytosolic Ca+2 that increases the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis via activation of the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signaling cascade; and increased pro-apoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Collectively, this investigation dissects the molecular mechanisms through which NDRG1 manipulates the ER stress response and its ability to potentiate the activity of the potent anti-cancer agent, Dp44mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Merlot
- Cancer Targets and Therapeutics Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research (C25), Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - G M Porter
- Cancer Targets and Therapeutics Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research (C25), Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - E G Lim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - P Peres
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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22
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Colombano G, Caldwell JJ, Matthews TP, Bhatia C, Joshi A, McHardy T, Mok NY, Newbatt Y, Pickard L, Strover J, Hedayat S, Walton MI, Myers SM, Jones AM, Saville H, McAndrew C, Burke R, Eccles SA, Davies FE, Bayliss R, Collins I. Binding to an Unusual Inactive Kinase Conformation by Highly Selective Inhibitors of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α Kinase-Endoribonuclease. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2447-2465. [PMID: 30779566 PMCID: PMC6437697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazin-8-amine kinase inhibitors were discovered to allosterically inhibit the endoribonuclease function of the dual kinase-endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), a key component of the unfolded protein response in mammalian cells and a potential drug target in multiple human diseases. Inhibitor optimization gave compounds with high kinome selectivity that prevented endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and phosphorylation, and inhibited endoribonuclease activity in human cells. X-ray crystallography showed the inhibitors to bind to a previously unreported and unusually disordered conformation of the IRE1α kinase domain that would be incompatible with back-to-back dimerization of the IRE1α protein and activation of the endoribonuclease function. These findings increase the repertoire of known IRE1α protein conformations and can guide the discovery of highly selective ligands for the IRE1α kinase site that allosterically inhibit the endoribonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Colombano
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - John J. Caldwell
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Thomas P. Matthews
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Amar Joshi
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Tatiana McHardy
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Ngai Yi Mok
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Yvette Newbatt
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Jade Strover
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Somaieh Hedayat
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Michael I. Walton
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Stephanie M. Myers
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Harry Saville
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Craig McAndrew
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Suzanne A. Eccles
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Faith E. Davies
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
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23
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Wadosky KM, Shourideh M, Goodrich DW, Koochekpour S. Riluzole induces AR degradation via endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:140-150. [PMID: 30280407 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is diagnosed at the highest rate of all non-cutaneous male cancers in the United States. The androgen-dependent (AD) transcription factor, androgen receptor (AR), drives PCa-but inhibiting AR or androgen biosynthesis induces remission for only a short time. At which point, patients acquire more aggressive castration-resistant (CR) disease with re-activated AR-dependent signaling. To combat treatment resistance, down-regulating AR protein expression has been considered as a potential treatment strategy for CR-PCa. METHODS AD- and CR-PCa cell lines were treated with the well-tolerated FDA-approved oral medicine, riluzole. Expression of full-length or wild-type AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active AR-splice variant 7 (AR-V7) was assessed by immunoblotting. AR-FL/AR-V7 activity was measured using qRT-PCR of AR-target genes. Cytoplasmic [Ca2+ ] levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator microplate assay. Markers of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway and autophagy were assessed by immunoblotting. Direct interaction between AR and selective autophagy receptor p62 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We demonstrate that riluzole downregulates AR-FL, mutant ARs, and AR-V7 proteins expression by protein degradation through ERS pathway and selective autophagy. Riluzole also significantly inhibited AR transcription activity by decreasing its target genes expression (PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK2). CONCLUSIONS We provide key mechanistic insights by which riluzole exerts its anti-tumorigenic effects and induces AR protein degradation via ERS pathways. Our findings support the potential utility of riluzole for treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wadosky
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shahriar Koochekpour
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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24
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Chou CK, Liu W, Hong YJ, Dahms HU, Chiu CH, Chang WT, Chien CM, Yen CH, Cheng YB, Chiu CC. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Scindapsus cf. hederaceus Exerts the Inhibitory Bioactivity on Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Modulating ER Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071832. [PMID: 29933620 PMCID: PMC6073426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cytoprotective mechanism that alleviates the protein-folding burden in eukaryotic organisms. Moderate activation of UPR is required for maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and profoundly contributes to tumorigenesis. Defects in UPR signaling are implicated in the attenuation of various malignant phenotypes including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as angiogenesis. This suggests UPR as a promising target in cancer therapy. The pharmacological effects of the plant Scindapsus cf. hederaceus on human cancer cell lines is not understood. In this study, we identified an ethyl acetate extract from Scindapsus cf. hederaceus (SH-EAE), which markedly altered the protein expression of UPR-related genes in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Treatment with the SH-EAE led to the dose-dependent suppression of colony forming ability of both H1299 and H460 cells, but not markedly in normal bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. SH-EAE treatment also attenuated the migration and invasion ability of H1299 and H460 cells. Moreover, SH-EAE strikingly suppressed the protein expression of two ER stress sensors, including inositol requiring enzyme-1α (IRE-1α) and protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), and antagonized the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression by thapsigargin, an ER stress inducer. SH-EAE induced the formation of massive vacuoles which are probably derived from ER. Importantly, SH-EAE impaired the formation of intersegmental vessels (ISV) in zebrafish larvae, an index of angiogenesis, but had no apparent effect on the rate of larval development. Together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the ability of SH-EAE specifically targets the two sensors of UPR, with significant anti-proliferation and anti-migration activities as a crude extract in human NSCLC cells. Our finding also indicates potential applications of SH-EAE in preventing UPR activation in response to Tg-induced ER stress. We suggest that SH-EAE attenuates UPR adaptive pathways for rendering the NSCLC cells intolerant to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Kit Chou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jie Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hao Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ming Chien
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Stem Cell Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Translational Research Center, Cancer Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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25
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Lebeau P, Byun JH, Yousof T, Austin RC. Pharmacologic inhibition of S1P attenuates ATF6 expression, causes ER stress and contributes to apoptotic cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 349:1-7. [PMID: 29689241 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells express unique transcription factors embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, such as the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), that promote de novo lipogenesis. Upon their release from the ER, the SREBPs require proteolytic activation in the Golgi by site-1-protease (S1P). As such, inhibition of S1P, using compounds such as PF-429242 (PF), reduces cholesterol synthesis and may represent a new strategy for the management of dyslipidemia. In addition to the SREBPs, the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducer, known as the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), is another ER membrane-bound transcription factor that requires S1P-mediated activation. ATF6 regulates ER protein folding capacity by promoting the expression of ER chaperones such as the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). ER-resident chaperones like GRP78 prevent and/or resolve ER polypeptide accumulation and subsequent ER stress-induced UPR activation by folding nascent polypeptides. Here we report that pharmacological inhibition of S1P reduced the expression of ATF6 and GRP78 and induced the activation of UPR transducers inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK). As a consequence, S1P inhibition also increased the susceptibility of cells to ER stress-induced cell death. Our findings suggest that S1P plays a crucial role in the regulation of ER folding capacity and also identifies a compensatory cross-talk between UPR transducers in order to maintain adequate ER chaperone expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.
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26
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Abstract
The choreography between RNA synthesis and degradation is a key determinant in biology. Engineered systems such as CRISPR have been developed to rid a cell of RNAs. Here, we show that a small molecule can recruit a nuclease to a specific transcript, triggering its destruction. A small molecule that selectively binds the oncogenic microRNA(miR)-96 hairpin precursor was appended with a short 2'-5' poly(A) oligonucleotide. The conjugate locally activated endogenous, latent ribonuclease (RNase L), which selectively cleaved the miR-96 precursor in cancer cells in a catalytic and sub-stoichiometric fashion. Silencing miR-96 derepressed pro-apoptotic FOXO1 transcription factor, triggering apoptosis in breast cancer, but not healthy breast, cells. These results demonstrate that small molecules can be programmed to selectively cleave RNA via nuclease recruitment and has broad implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Costales
- The Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Yasumasa Matsumoto
- The Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Sai Pradeep Velagapudi
- The Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- The Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
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27
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Drappier M, Jha BK, Stone S, Elliott R, Zhang R, Vertommen D, Weiss SR, Silverman RH, Michiels T. A novel mechanism of RNase L inhibition: Theiler's virus L* protein prevents 2-5A from binding to RNase L. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006989. [PMID: 29652922 PMCID: PMC5927464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The OAS/RNase L pathway is one of the best-characterized effector pathways of the IFN antiviral response. It inhibits the replication of many viruses and ultimately promotes apoptosis of infected cells, contributing to the control of virus spread. However, viruses have evolved a range of escape strategies that act against different steps in the pathway. Here we unraveled a novel escape strategy involving Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) L* protein. Previously we found that L* was the first viral protein binding directly RNase L. Our current data show that L* binds the ankyrin repeats R1 and R2 of RNase L and inhibits 2'-5' oligoadenylates (2-5A) binding to RNase L. Thereby, L* prevents dimerization and oligomerization of RNase L in response to 2-5A. Using chimeric mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) expressing TMEV L*, we showed that L* efficiently inhibits RNase L in vivo. Interestingly, those data show that L* can functionally substitute for the MHV-encoded phosphodiesterase ns2, which acts upstream of L* in the OAS/RNase L pathway, by degrading 2-5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Drappier
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sasha Stone
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ruth Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan R. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas Michiels
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Chan SMH, Lau YS, Miller AA, Ku JM, Potocnik S, Ye JM, Woodman OL, Herbert TP. Angiotensin II Causes β-Cell Dysfunction Through an ER Stress-Induced Proinflammatory Response. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3162-3173. [PMID: 28938442 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increase in the activation of the renin angiotensin system, whose inhibition reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes. Importantly, angiotensin II (AngII), independently of its vasoconstrictor action, causes β-cell inflammation and dysfunction, which may be an early step in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine how AngII causes β-cell dysfunction. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from C57BL/6J mice that had been infused with AngII in the presence or absence of taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and β-cell function determined. The mechanism of action of AngII was further investigated using isolated murine islets and clonal β cells. We show that AngII triggers ER stress, an increase in the messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and promotes β-cell dysfunction in murine islets of Langerhans both in vivo and ex vivo. These effects were significantly attenuated by TUDCA, an inhibitor of ER stress. We also show that AngII-induced ER stress is required for the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and is caused by reactive oxygen species and IP3 receptor activation. These data reveal that the induction of ER stress is critical for AngII-induced β-cell dysfunction and indicates how therapies that promote ER homeostasis may be beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M H Chan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Yeh-Siang Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Alyson A Miller
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Ku
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simon Potocnik
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Terence P Herbert
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Science, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
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29
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Cherry JJ, DiDonato CJ, Androphy EJ, Calo A, Potter K, Custer SK, Du S, Foley TL, Gopalsamy A, Reedich EJ, Gordo SM, Gordon W, Hosea N, Jones LH, Krizay DK, LaRosa G, Li H, Mathur S, Menard CA, Patel P, Ramos-Zayas R, Rietz A, Rong H, Zhang B, Tones MA. In vitro and in vivo effects of 2,4 diaminoquinazoline inhibitors of the decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS: Context-specific modulation of SMN transcript levels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185079. [PMID: 28945765 PMCID: PMC5612656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
C5-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazoline inhibitors of the decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS (DAQ-DcpSi) have been developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which is caused by genetic deficiency in the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. These compounds are claimed to act as SMN2 transcriptional activators but data underlying that claim are equivocal. In addition it is unclear whether the claimed effects on SMN2 are a direct consequence of DcpS inhibitor or might be a consequence of lysosomotropism, which is known to be neuroprotective. DAQ-DcpSi effects were characterized in cells in vitro utilizing DcpS knockdown and 7-methyl analogues as probes for DcpS vs non-DcpS-mediated effects. We also performed analysis of Smn transcript levels, RNA-Seq analysis of the transcriptome and SMN protein in order to identify affected pathways underlying the therapeutic effect, and studied lysosomotropic and non-lysosomotropic DAQ-DCpSi effects in 2B/- SMA mice. Treatment of cells caused modest and transient SMN2 mRNA increases with either no change or a decrease in SMNΔ7 and no change in SMN1 transcripts or SMN protein. RNA-Seq analysis of DAQ-DcpSi-treated N2a cells revealed significant changes in expression (both up and down) of approximately 2,000 genes across a broad range of pathways. Treatment of 2B/- SMA mice with both lysomotropic and non-lysosomotropic DAQ-DcpSi compounds had similar effects on disease phenotype indicating that the therapeutic mechanism of action is not a consequence of lysosomotropism. In striking contrast to the findings in vitro, Smn transcripts were robustly changed in tissues but there was no increase in SMN protein levels in spinal cord. We conclude that DAQ-DcpSi have reproducible benefit in SMA mice and a broad spectrum of biological effects in vitro and in vivo, but these are complex, context specific, and not the result of simple SMN2 transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Cherry
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine J. DiDonato
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Ann & Robert Lurie Children’s Hospital, Stanley Manne Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJD); (WG)
| | - Elliot J. Androphy
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Calo
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyle Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Ann & Robert Lurie Children’s Hospital, Stanley Manne Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara K. Custer
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Du
- Precision Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Foley
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ariamala Gopalsamy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Reedich
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Ann & Robert Lurie Children’s Hospital, Stanley Manne Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susana M. Gordo
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William Gordon
- Precision Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJD); (WG)
| | - Natalie Hosea
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lyn H. Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Krizay
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory LaRosa
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sachin Mathur
- Business Technology, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Menard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paraj Patel
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebeca Ramos-Zayas
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Rietz
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Haojing Rong
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Clinical Genetics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Tones
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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30
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Seo S, Kim D, Song W, Heo J, Joo M, Lim Y, Yeom JH, Lee K. RraAS1 inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase ES by interacting with its catalytic domain in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Microbiol 2016; 55:37-43. [PMID: 28035598 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RraA is a protein inhibitor of RNase E, which degrades and processes numerous RNAs in Escherichia coli. Streptomyces coelicolor also contains homologs of RNase E and RraA, RNase ES and RraAS1/RraAS2, respectively. Here, we report that, unlike other RraA homologs, RraAS1 directly interacts with the catalytic domain of RNase ES to exert its inhibitory effect. We further show that rraAS1 gene deletion in S. coelicolor results in a higher growth rate and increased production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting that RraAS1-mediated regulation of RNase ES activity contributes to modulating the cellular physiology of S. coelicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihune Heo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Joo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Lim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeom
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Van den Bossche A, Hardwick SW, Ceyssens PJ, Hendrix H, Voet M, Dendooven T, Bandyra KJ, De Maeyer M, Aertsen A, Noben JP, Luisi BF, Lavigne R. Structural elucidation of a novel mechanism for the bacteriophage-based inhibition of the RNA degradosome. eLife 2016; 5:e16413. [PMID: 27447594 PMCID: PMC4980113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In all domains of life, the catalysed degradation of RNA facilitates rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions, while destruction of foreign RNA is an important mechanism to prevent host infection. We have identified a virus-encoded protein termed gp37/Dip, which directly binds and inhibits the RNA degradation machinery of its bacterial host. Encoded by giant phage фKZ, this protein associates with two RNA binding sites of the RNase E component of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNA degradosome, occluding them from substrates and resulting in effective inhibition of RNA degradation and processing. The 2.2 Å crystal structure reveals that this novel homo-dimeric protein has no identifiable structural homologues. Our biochemical data indicate that acidic patches on the convex outer surface bind RNase E. Through the activity of Dip, фKZ has evolved a unique mechanism to down regulate a key metabolic process of its host to allow accumulation of viral RNA in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Van den Bossche
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Bacterial diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven W Hardwick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter-Jan Ceyssens
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Bacterial diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Voet
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dendooven
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna J Bandyra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc De Maeyer
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Scetion, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Transnational University Limburg, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. XBP1: A Pivotal Transcriptional Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:119-122. [PMID: 26803729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a major, well-conserved component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is crucial for glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction has been associated with XBP1 transcriptional activity. Recently, compounds selectively targeting the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway have emerged as a potential approach for treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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33
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Zhou M, Bail S, Plasterer HL, Rusche J, Kiledjian M. DcpS is a transcript-specific modulator of RNA in mammalian cells. RNA 2015; 21:1306-1312. [PMID: 26001796 PMCID: PMC4478349 DOI: 10.1261/rna.051573.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger decapping enzyme DcpS is a multifunctional protein initially identified by its property to hydrolyze the resulting cap structure following 3' end mRNA decay. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the DcpS homolog Dcs1 is an obligate cofactor for the 5'-3' exoribonuclease Xrn1 while the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog Dcs-1, facilitates Xrn1 mediated microRNA turnover. In both cases, this function is independent of the decapping activity. Whether DcpS and its decapping activity can affect mRNA steady state or stability in mammalian cells remains unknown. We sought to determine DcpS target genes in mammalian cells using a cell-permeable DcpS inhibitor compound, RG3039 initially developed for therapeutic treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Global mRNA levels were examined following DcpS decapping inhibition with RG3039. The steady-state levels of 222 RNAs were altered upon RG3039 treatment. Of a subset selected for validation, two transcripts that appear to be long noncoding RNAs HS370762 and BC011766, were dependent on DcpS and its scavenger decapping catalytic activity and referred to as DcpS-responsive noncoding transcripts (DRNT) 1 and 2, respectively. Interestingly, only the increase in DRNT1 transcript was accompanied with an increase of its RNA stability and this increase was dependent on both DcpS and Xrn1. Importantly, unlike in yeast where the DcpS homolog is an obligate cofactor for Xrn1, stability of additional Xrn1 dependent RNAs were not altered by a reduction in DcpS levels. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DcpS in conjunction with Xrn1 has the potential to regulate RNA stability in a transcript-selective manner in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Sophie Bail
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | - James Rusche
- Repligen Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - Megerditch Kiledjian
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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34
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Joshi A, Newbatt Y, McAndrew PC, Stubbs M, Burke R, Richards MW, Bhatia C, Caldwell JJ, McHardy T, Collins I, Bayliss R. Molecular mechanisms of human IRE1 activation through dimerization and ligand binding. Oncotarget 2015; 6:13019-35. [PMID: 25968568 PMCID: PMC4536996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IRE1 transduces the unfolded protein response by splicing XBP1 through its C-terminal cytoplasmic kinase-RNase region. IRE1 autophosphorylation is coupled to RNase activity through formation of a back-to-back dimer, although the conservation of the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear from existing structures. We have crystallized human IRE1 in a back-to-back conformation only previously seen for the yeast homologue. In our structure the kinase domain appears primed for catalysis but the RNase domains are disengaged. Structure-function analysis reveals that IRE1 is autoinhibited through a Tyr-down mechanism related to that found in the unrelated Ser/Thr protein kinase Nek7. We have developed a compound that potently inhibits human IRE1 kinase activity while stimulating XBP1 splicing. A crystal structure of the inhibitor bound to IRE1 shows an increased ordering of the kinase activation loop. The structures of hIRE in apo and ligand-bound forms are consistent with a previously proposed model of IRE1 regulation in which formation of a back-to-back dimer coupled to adoption of a kinase-active conformation drive RNase activation. The structures provide opportunities for structure-guided design of IRE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yvette Newbatt
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - P. Craig McAndrew
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stubbs
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Richards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Caldwell
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana McHardy
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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35
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Minchenko OH, Tsymbal DO, Minchenko DO, Kovalevska OV, Karbovskyi LL, Bikfalvi A. INHIBITION OF ERN1 SIGNALING ENZYME AFFECTS HYPOXIC REGULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF E2F8, EPAS1, HOXC6, ATF3, TBX3 AND FOXF1 GENES IN U87 GLIOMA CELLS. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 87:76-87. [PMID: 26255341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress are important factors of malignant tumor growth and control of the expression of genes, which regulate numerous metabolic processes and cell proliferation. Furthermore, blockade of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus 1) suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth. We studied the effect of hypoxia on the expression of genes encoding the transcription factors such as E2F8 (E2F transcription factor 8), EPAS1 (endothelial PAS domain protein 1), TBX3 (T-box 3), ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3), FOXF1 (forkhead box F), and HOXC6 (homeobox C6) in U87 glioma cells with and without ERN1 signaling enzyme function. We have established that hypoxia enhances the expression of HOXC6, E2F8, ATF3, and EPAS1 genes but does not change TBX3 and FOXF1 gene expression in glioma cells with ERNI function. At the same time, the expression level of all studied genes is strongly decreased, except for TBX3 gene, in glioma cells without ERN1 function. Moreover, the inhibition of ERN1 signaling enzyme function significantly modifies the effect of hypoxia on the expression of these transcription factor genes. removes or introduces this regulation as well as changes a direction or magnitude of hypoxic regulation. Present study demonstrates that fine-tuning of the expression of proliferation related genes depends upon hypoxia and ERN1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and correlates with slower proliferation rate of glioma cells without ERN1 function.
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Kime L, Vincent HA, Gendoo DMA, Jourdan SS, Fishwick CWG, Callaghan AJ, McDowall KJ. The first small-molecule inhibitors of members of the ribonuclease E family. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8028. [PMID: 25619596 PMCID: PMC4306137 DOI: 10.1038/srep08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli endoribonuclease RNase E is central to the processing and degradation of all types of RNA and as such is a pleotropic regulator of gene expression. It is essential for growth and was one of the first examples of an endonuclease that can recognise the 5'-monophosphorylated ends of RNA thereby increasing the efficiency of many cleavages. Homologues of RNase E can be found in many bacterial families including important pathogens, but no homologues have been identified in humans or animals. RNase E represents a potential target for the development of new antibiotics to combat the growing number of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics in use currently. Potent small molecule inhibitors that bind the active site of essential enzymes are proving to be a source of potential drug leads and tools to dissect function through chemical genetics. Here we report the use of virtual high-throughput screening to obtain small molecules predicted to bind at sites in the N-terminal catalytic half of RNase E. We show that these compounds are able to bind with specificity and inhibit catalysis of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNase E and also inhibit the activity of RNase G, a paralogue of RNase E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kime
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen A. Vincent
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Deena M. A. Gendoo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stefanie S. Jourdan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Colin W. G. Fishwick
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Anastasia J. Callaghan
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Kenneth J. McDowall
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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37
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Ghosh R, Wang L, Wang ES, Perera BGK, Igbaria A, Morita S, Prado K, Thamsen M, Caswell D, Macias H, Weiberth KF, Gliedt MJ, Alavi MV, Hari SB, Mitra AK, Bhhatarai B, Schürer SC, Snapp EL, Gould DB, German MS, Backes BJ, Maly DJ, Oakes SA, Papa FR. Allosteric inhibition of the IRE1α RNase preserves cell viability and function during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell 2014; 158:534-48. [PMID: 25018104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depending on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels, the ER transmembrane multidomain protein IRE1α promotes either adaptation or apoptosis. Unfolded ER proteins cause IRE1α lumenal domain homo-oligomerization, inducing trans autophosphorylation that further drives homo-oligomerization of its cytosolic kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase) domains to activate mRNA splicing of adaptive XBP1 transcription factor. However, under high/chronic ER stress, IRE1α surpasses an oligomerization threshold that expands RNase substrate repertoire to many ER-localized mRNAs, leading to apoptosis. To modulate these effects, we developed ATP-competitive IRE1α Kinase-Inhibiting RNase Attenuators-KIRAs-that allosterically inhibit IRE1α's RNase by breaking oligomers. One optimized KIRA, KIRA6, inhibits IRE1α in vivo and promotes cell survival under ER stress. Intravitreally, KIRA6 preserves photoreceptor functional viability in rat models of ER stress-induced retinal degeneration. Systemically, KIRA6 preserves pancreatic β cells, increases insulin, and reduces hyperglycemia in Akita diabetic mice. Thus, IRE1α powerfully controls cell fate but can itself be controlled with small molecules to reduce cell degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric S Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - B Gayani K Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shuhei Morita
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kris Prado
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maike Thamsen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Deborah Caswell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hector Macias
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kurt F Weiberth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Micah J Gliedt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marcel V Alavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sanjay B Hari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arinjay K Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barun Bhhatarai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephan C Schürer
- Center for Computational Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erik L Snapp
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael S German
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Scott A Oakes
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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38
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Tang CHA, Ranatunga S, Kriss CL, Cubitt CL, Tao J, Pinilla-Ibarz JA, Del Valle JR, Hu CCA. Inhibition of ER stress-associated IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway reduces leukemic cell survival. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2585-98. [PMID: 24812669 DOI: 10.1172/jci73448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the ER stress response is associated with malignant progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We developed a murine CLL model that lacks the ER stress-associated transcription factor XBP-1 in B cells and found that XBP-1 deficiency decelerates malignant progression of CLL-associated disease. XBP-1 deficiency resulted in acquisition of phenotypes that are disadvantageous for leukemic cell survival, including compromised BCR signaling capability and increased surface expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1). Because XBP-1 expression requires the RNase activity of the ER transmembrane receptor IRE-1, we developed a potent IRE-1 RNase inhibitor through chemical synthesis and modified the structure to facilitate entry into cells to target the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway. Treatment of CLL cells with this inhibitor (B-I09) mimicked XBP-1 deficiency, including upregulation of IRE-1 expression and compromised BCR signaling. Moreover, B-I09 treatment did not affect the transport of secretory and integral membrane-bound proteins. Administration of B-I09 to CLL tumor-bearing mice suppressed leukemic progression by inducing apoptosis and did not cause systemic toxicity. Additionally, B-I09 and ibrutinib, an FDA-approved BTK inhibitor, synergized to induce apoptosis in B cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. These data indicate that targeting XBP-1 has potential as a treatment strategy, not only for multiple myeloma, but also for mature B cell leukemia and lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Piperidines
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- X-Box Binding Protein 1
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39
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Guo FJ, Xiong Z, Lu X, Ye M, Han X, Jiang R. ATF6 upregulates XBP1S and inhibits ER stress-mediated apoptosis in osteoarthritis cartilage. Cell Signal 2013; 26:332-42. [PMID: 24269637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As we previously reported, transcription factor XBP1S enhances BMP2-induced chondrocyte differentiation and acts as a positive mediator of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether XBP1S influences ER stress-mediated apoptosis in osteoarthritis (OA); (2) whether ATF6 regulates IRE1/XBP1 signal pathway in OA cartilage; (3) what are the associated molecules affecting apoptosis in osteoarthritis and the molecular events underlying this process. Herein, we examined and found that ER stress-associated molecules were activated in OA patients, specifically XBP1S splice and expression were increased markedly by TNF-α and IL-1β treatments. Transcription factor ATF6 can specifically bind to the promoter of XBP1 gene and enhance the expression of XBP1S spliced by IRE1α in osteoarthritis cartilage. Furthermore, siXBP1S can enhance ER stress-mediated apoptosis and main matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Whereas AdXBP1S can inhibit ER stress-mediated apoptosis and TNFα induced nitrite production in OA cartilage. In a word, our observations demonstrate the importance of XBP1S in osteoarthritis. ATF6 and IRE1α can regulate endogenous XBP1S gene expression synergistically in OA cartilage. More significantly, XBP1S was a negative regulator of apoptosis in osteoarthritis by affecting caspase 3, caspase 9, caspase 12, p-JNK1, and CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhangyuan Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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40
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Tay KH, Luan Q, Croft A, Jiang CC, Jin L, Zhang XD, Tseng HY. Sustained IRE1 and ATF6 signaling is important for survival of melanoma cells undergoing ER stress. Cell Signal 2013; 26:287-94. [PMID: 24240056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with rapid attenuation of the IRE1α and ATF6 pathways but persistent activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cells. However, melanoma cells are largely resistant to ER stress-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the kinetics and durations of activation of the UPR pathways are deregulated in melanoma cells undergoing ER stress. We show here that the IRE1α and ATF6 pathways are sustained along with the PERK signaling in melanoma cells subjected to pharmacological ER stress, and that this is, at least in part, due to increased activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. In contrast to an initial increase followed by rapid reduction in activation of IRE1α and ATF6 signaling in control cells that were relatively sensitive to ER stress-induced apoptosis, activation of IRE1α and ATF6 by the pharmacological ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) or thapsigargin (TG) persisted in melanoma cells. On the other hand, the increase in PERK signaling lasted similarly in both types of cells. Sustained activation of IRE1α and ATF6 signaling played an important role in protecting melanoma cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis, as interruption of IRE1α or ATF6 rendered melanoma cells sensitive to apoptosis induced by TM or TG. Inhibition of MEK partially blocked IRE1α and ATF6 activation, suggesting that MEK/ERK signaling contributed to sustained activation of IRE1α and ATF6. Taken together, these results identify sustained activation of the IRE1α and ATF6 pathways of the UPR driven by the MEK/ERK pathway as an important protective mechanism against ER stress-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hong Tay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Qi Luan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Amanda Croft
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; Oncology and Immunology Unit, Calvary Mater Newcastle Mater Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Van Meerbeke JP, Gibbs RM, Plasterer HL, Miao W, Feng Z, Lin MY, Rucki AA, Wee CD, Xia B, Sharma S, Jacques V, Li DK, Pellizzoni L, Rusche JR, Ko CP, Sumner CJ. The DcpS inhibitor RG3039 improves motor function in SMA mice. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4074-83. [PMID: 23727836 PMCID: PMC3781637 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, retention of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene and insufficient expression of full-length survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Quinazolines increase SMN2 promoter activity and inhibit the ribonucleic acid scavenger enzyme DcpS. The quinazoline derivative RG3039 has advanced to early phase clinical trials. In preparation for efficacy studies in SMA patients, we investigated the effects of RG3039 in severe SMA mice. Here, we show that RG3039 distributed to central nervous system tissues where it robustly inhibited DcpS enzyme activity, but minimally activated SMN expression or the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Nonetheless, treated SMA mice showed a dose-dependent increase in survival, weight and motor function. This was associated with improved motor neuron somal and neuromuscular junction synaptic innervation and function and increased muscle size. RG3039 also enhanced survival of conditional SMA mice in which SMN had been genetically restored to motor neurons. As this systemically delivered drug may have therapeutic benefits that extend beyond motor neurons, it could act additively with SMN-restoring therapies delivered directly to the central nervous system such as antisense oligonucleotides or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M. Gibbs
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhihua Feng
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Yi Lin
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bing Xia
- Repligen Corporation, Watham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Darrick K. Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chien-Ping Ko
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sorgeloos F, Jha BK, Silverman RH, Michiels T. Evasion of antiviral innate immunity by Theiler's virus L* protein through direct inhibition of RNase L. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003474. [PMID: 23825954 PMCID: PMC3694852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theiler's virus is a neurotropic picornavirus responsible for chronic infections of the central nervous system. The establishment of a persistent infection and the subsequent demyelinating disease triggered by the virus depend on the expression of L*, a viral accessory protein encoded by an alternative open reading frame of the virus. We discovered that L* potently inhibits the interferon-inducible OAS/RNase L pathway. The antagonism of RNase L by L* was particularly prominent in macrophages where baseline oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and RNase L expression levels are elevated, but was detectable in fibroblasts after IFN pretreatment. L* mutations significantly affected Theiler's virus replication in primary macrophages derived from wild-type but not from RNase L-deficient mice. L* counteracted the OAS/RNase L pathway through direct interaction with the ankyrin domain of RNase L, resulting in the inhibition of this enzyme. Interestingly, RNase L inhibition was species-specific as Theiler's virus L* protein blocked murine RNase L but not human RNase L or RNase L of other mammals or birds. Direct RNase L inhibition by L* and species specificity were confirmed in an in vitro assay performed with purified proteins. These results demonstrate a novel viral mechanism to elude the antiviral OAS/RNase L pathway. By targeting the effector enzyme of this antiviral pathway, L* potently inhibits RNase L, underscoring the importance of this enzyme in innate immunity against Theiler's virus. Theiler's virus is a murine picornavirus (same family as poliovirus) which has a striking ability to establish persistent infections of the central nervous system. To do so, the virus has to counteract the immune response of the host and particularly the potent response mediated by interferon. We observed that a protein encoded by Theiler's virus, the L* protein, inhibited the RNase L pathway, one of the best-characterized pathways mediating the antiviral IFN response. In contrast to previously identified viral antagonists of this pathway, L* was found to act directly on RNase L, the effector enzyme of the pathway. L* activity was found to be species-specific as it inhibited murine but not human RNase L. We confirmed the species-specificity and the direct interaction between L* and RNase L in vitro, using purified proteins. Acting at the effector step in the pathway allows L* to block RNase L activity efficiently. This suggests that RNase L is particularly important to control Theiler's virus replication in vivo. Another virus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), was recently shown to interfere with RNase L activation. Theiler's virus and MHV share a marked tropism for macrophages which may suggest that the RNase L pathway is particularly important in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio United States of America
| | - Robert H. Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio United States of America
| | - Thomas Michiels
- Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Wang S, Chen Z, Lam V, Han J, Hassler J, Finck BN, Davidson NO, Kaufman RJ. IRE1α-XBP1s induces PDI expression to increase MTP activity for hepatic VLDL assembly and lipid homeostasis. Cell Metab 2012; 16:473-86. [PMID: 23040069 PMCID: PMC3569089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling pathway required to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we identify an essential role for the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α)-X box binding protein 1 (XBP1) arm of the UPR in regulation of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Ire1α reduces lipid partitioning into the ER lumen and impairs the assembly of triglyceride (TG)-rich VLDL but does not affect TG synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, or the synthesis or secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB). The defect in VLDL assembly is, at least in part, due to decreased microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein (MTP) activity resulting from reduced protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) expression. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for the IRE1α-XBP1s-PDI axis in linking ER homeostasis with regulation of VLDL production and hepatic lipid homeostasis that may provide a therapeutic target for disorders of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Division of Geriatrics, and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vivian Lam
- Department of Medical School, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Justin Hassler
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Division of Geriatrics, and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- corresponding author: Degenerative Disease Research Program, Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 T: 858-795-5149; F: 858-795-5273
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Kowalinski E, Zubieta C, Wolkerstorfer A, Szolar OHJ, Ruigrok RWH, Cusack S. Structural analysis of specific metal chelating inhibitor binding to the endonuclease domain of influenza pH1N1 (2009) polymerase. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002831. [PMID: 22876177 PMCID: PMC3410856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognised that novel antiviral drugs, less prone to resistance, would be a desirable alternative to current drug options in order to be able to treat potentially serious influenza infections. The viral polymerase, which performs transcription and replication of the RNA genome, is an attractive target for antiviral drugs since potent polymerase inhibitors could directly stop viral replication at an early stage. Recent structural studies on functional domains of the heterotrimeric polymerase, which comprises subunits PA, PB1 and PB2, open the way to a structure based approach to optimise inhibitors of viral replication. In particular, the unique cap-snatching mechanism of viral transcription can be inhibited by targeting either the PB2 cap-binding or PA endonuclease domains. Here we describe high resolution X-ray co-crystal structures of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) PA endonuclease domain with a series of specific inhibitors, including four diketo compounds and a green tea catechin, all of which chelate the two critical manganese ions in the active site of the enzyme. Comparison of the binding mode of the different compounds and that of a mononucleotide phosphate highlights, firstly, how different substituent groups on the basic metal binding scaffold can be orientated to bind in distinct sub-pockets within the active site cavity, and secondly, the plasticity of certain structural elements of the active site cavity, which result in induced fit binding. These results will be important in optimising the design of more potent inhibitors targeting the cap-snatching endonuclease activity of influenza virus polymerase. The 2009 influenza pandemic, the on-going potential threat of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian strains and the widespread occurrence of resistance to current anti-influenza drugs targeting the neuraminidase or the M2 ion channel, all highlight the need for alternative therapeutic options to treat serious influenza infections in the absence of protection by vaccination. The viral polymerase, which performs transcription and replication of the RNA genome, is an attractive target for novel antiviral drugs since potent polymerase inhibitors will directly stall replication. The heterotrimeric polymerase performs transcription by a unique cap-snatching mechanism, which involves host pre-mRNA cap-binding and endonucleolytic cleavage by the PB2 and PA subunits respectively. Crystal structures of both the PB2 cap-binding and PA nuclease domains are now available allowing structure-guided optimisation of cap-snatching inhibitors. Here we present a series of co-crystal structures of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 PA endonuclease domain that reveal the binding mode of several known endonuclease inhibitors. All inhibitors chelate the two manganese ions in the active site of the nuclease but different extensions to the metal binding scaffold bind in distinct sub-pockets of the active site cavity. These results highlight the value of structure-based approaches to the development of more potent influenza polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kowalinski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, BP181, Grenoble, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, BP181, Grenoble, France
| | - Chloe Zubieta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, BP181, Grenoble, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, BP181, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Rob W. H. Ruigrok
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, BP181, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, BP181, Grenoble, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, BP181, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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DuBois RM, Slavish PJ, Baughman BM, Yun MK, Bao J, Webby RJ, Webb TR, White SW. Structural and biochemical basis for development of influenza virus inhibitors targeting the PA endonuclease. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002830. [PMID: 22876176 PMCID: PMC3410894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging influenza viruses are a serious threat to human health because of their pandemic potential. A promising target for the development of novel anti-influenza therapeutics is the PA protein, whose endonuclease activity is essential for viral replication. Translation of viral mRNAs by the host ribosome requires mRNA capping for recognition and binding, and the necessary mRNA caps are cleaved or “snatched” from host pre-mRNAs by the PA endonuclease. The structure-based development of inhibitors that target PA endonuclease is now possible with the recent crystal structure of the PA catalytic domain. In this study, we sought to understand the molecular mechanism of inhibition by several compounds that are known or predicted to block endonuclease-dependent polymerase activity. Using an in vitro endonuclease activity assay, we show that these compounds block the enzymatic activity of the isolated PA endonuclease domain. Using X-ray crystallography, we show how these inhibitors coordinate the two-metal endonuclease active site and engage the active site residues. Two structures also reveal an induced-fit mode of inhibitor binding. The structures allow a molecular understanding of the structure-activity relationship of several known influenza inhibitors and the mechanism of drug resistance by a PA mutation. Taken together, our data reveal new strategies for structure-based design and optimization of PA endonuclease inhibitors. Seasonal and pandemic influenza have enormous impacts on global public health. The rapid emergence of influenza virus strains that are resistant to current antiviral therapies highlights the urgent need to develop new therapeutic options. A promising target for drug discovery is the influenza virus PA protein, whose endonuclease enzymatic activity is essential for the “cap-snatching” step of viral mRNA transcription that allows transcripts to be processed by the host ribosome. Here, we describe a structure-based analysis of the mechanism of inhibition of the influenza virus PA endonuclease by small molecules. Our X-ray crystallographic studies have resolved the modes of binding of known and predicted inhibitors, and revealed that they directly block the PA endonuclease active site. We also report a number of molecular interactions that contribute to binding affinity and specificity. Our structural results are supported by biochemical analyses of the inhibition of enzymatic activity and computational docking experiments. Overall, our data reveal exciting strategies for the design and optimization of novel influenza virus inhibitors that target the PA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. DuBois
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - P. Jake Slavish
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brandi M. Baughman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mi-Kyung Yun
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ju Bao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Webb
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. White
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Park SJ, Kim KJ, Kim WU, Oh IH, Cho CS. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in homocysteine-induced apoptosis of osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2012; 30:474-84. [PMID: 22222420 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-011-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been shown to increase the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was recently shown to be associated with apoptosis in several types of cells. In this study, we determined the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on the apoptosis of osteoblastic cells and investigated whether ER stress participates in Hcy-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Human osteoblastic cells were incubated with Hcy. Hcy dose-dependently decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in osteoblastic cells. Osteoblastic cells are more susceptible to Hcy-mediated cell death than other cell types. Expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly increased by Hcy, and pretreatment with caspase-3 inhibitor rescued the cell viability by Hcy. Hcy treatment led to an increase in release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. It also triggered ER stress by increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase and endonuclease 1α (IRE-1α), spliced X-box binding protein, activating transcription factor 4, and C/EBP homologous protein. Silencing IRE-1α expression by small interfering RNA effectively suppressed Hcy-induced apoptosis of osteoblastic cells. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia induces apoptotic cell death in osteoblasts via ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #62 Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-ku, Seoul, South Korea
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Chiu SC, Chen SP, Huang SY, Wang MJ, Lin SZ, Harn HJ, Pang CY. Induction of apoptosis coupled to endoplasmic reticulum stress in human prostate cancer cells by n-butylidenephthalide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33742. [PMID: 22470469 PMCID: PMC3314677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-butylidenephthalide (BP) exhibits antitumor effect in a variety of cancer cell lines. The objective of this study was to obtain additional insights into the mechanisms involved in BP induced cell death in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP, were treated with BP, and subsequently evaluated for their viability and cell cycle profiles. BP caused cell cycle arrest and cell death in both cell lines. The G0/G1 phase arrest was correlated with increase levels of CDK inhibitors (p16, p21 and p27) and decrease of the checkpoint proteins. To determine the mechanisms of BP-induced growth arrest and cell death in prostate cancer cell lines, we performed a microarray study to identify alterations in gene expression induced by BP in the LNCaP cells. Several BP-induced genes, including the GADD153/CHOP, an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-regulated gene, were identified. BP-induced ER stress was evidenced by increased expression of the downstream molecules GRP78/BiP, IRE1-α and GADD153/CHOP in both cell lines. Blockage of IRE1-α or GADD153/CHOP expression by siRNA significantly reduced BP-induced cell death in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, blockage of JNK1/2 signaling by JNK siRNA resulted in decreased expression of IRE1-α and GADD153/CHOP genes, implicating that BP-induced ER stress may be elicited via JNK1/2 signaling in prostate cancer cells. BP also suppressed LNCaP xenograft tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice. It caused 68% reduction in tumor volume after 18 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BP can cause G0/G1 phase arrest in prostate cancer cells and its cytotoxicity is mediated by ER stress induction. Thus, BP may serve as an anticancer agent by inducing ER stress in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Ping Chen
- Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ying Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Sharma M, Urano F, Jaeschke A. Cdc42 and Rac1 are major contributors to the saturated fatty acid-stimulated JNK pathway in hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2012; 56:192-8. [PMID: 21703174 PMCID: PMC3183327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Saturated free fatty acid (SFA)-stimulated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation is associated with the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms responsible for the effects of SFA are incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which SFA induce JNK activation in hepatocytes. METHODS We used siRNA-mediated knockdown in Hepa1c1c7 and AML12 cell lines, as well as primary mouse hepatocytes for these studies. RESULTS The current model for JNK activation by SFA involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which induces JNK activation through an inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) Apoptosis Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1)-dependent mechanism. Here, we find that SFA-induced JNK activation is not inhibited in the absence of IRE1α and ASK1. Instead we show that activation of the small GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac1 is required for SFA-stimulated MLK3-dependent activation of JNK in hepatocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that SFA-induced cell death in hepatocytes is independent of IRE1α, but dependent on Cdc42, Rac1, and MLK3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Cdc42 and Rac1, rather than ER stress, are important components of a SFA-stimulated signaling pathway that regulates MLK3-dependent activation of JNK in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts USA
| | - Anja Jaeschke
- Correspondence to: Anja Jaeschke; Department of Pathology; Metabolic Diseases Institute; University of Cincinnati; 2120 E. Galbraith Rd, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 USA; Tel.: (513) 558-3898; Fax: (513) 558-1312;
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Abstract
Activation of RNase L endonuclease activity is part of the mammalian innate immune response to viral infection. The poliovirus RNA genome contains a sequence in its protein-coding region that can act as a competitive inhibitor of RNase L. Mutation, sequence, and functional analysis of this competitive inhibitor RNA (ciRNA) revealed that its activity depends on specific sequences, showed that a loop-loop hairpin interaction forms in the ciRNA, and suggested the presence of a loop E motif. These features lead to the hypothesis that the ciRNA's function is conferred in part by a specific three-dimensional folded RNA architecture. By using a combination of biophysical, mutational, and functional studies, we have mapped features of the three-dimensional architecture of the ciRNA in its unbound form. We show that the loop-loop interaction forms in the free ciRNA and affects the overall structure, perhaps forming long-range tertiary interactions with the loop E motif. Local tight RNA-RNA backbone packing occurs in parts of the structure, but the fold appears to be less stable than many other tightly packed RNAs. This feature may allow the ciRNA to accommodate the translocation of ribosomes and polymerase across this multifunctional region of the viral RNA but also to function as an RNase L inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Y. Keel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Kieft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Mahoney DJ, Lefebvre C, Allan K, Brun J, Sanaei CA, Baird S, Pearce N, Grönberg S, Wilson B, Prakesh M, Aman A, Isaac M, Mamai A, Uehling D, Al-Awar R, Falls T, Alain T, Stojdl DF. Virus-tumor interactome screen reveals ER stress response can reprogram resistant cancers for oncolytic virus-triggered caspase-2 cell death. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:443-56. [PMID: 22014571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To identify therapeutic opportunities for oncolytic viral therapy, we conducted genome-wide RNAi screens to search for host factors that modulate rhabdoviral oncolysis. Our screens uncovered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathways as important modulators of rhabdovirus-mediated cytotoxicity. Further investigation revealed an unconventional mechanism whereby ER stress response inhibition preconditioned cancer cells, which sensitized them to caspase-2-dependent apoptosis induced by a subsequent rhabdovirus infection. Importantly, this mechanism was tumor cell specific, selectively increasing potency of the oncolytic virus by up to 10,000-fold. In vivo studies using a small molecule inhibitor of IRE1α showed dramatically improved oncolytic efficacy in resistant tumor models. Our study demonstrates proof of concept for using functional genomics to improve biotherapeutic agents for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Mahoney
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
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