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Chi W, Wang S, Liu T, Jiang W, Ding L, Miao Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Ji D, Xiao Z, Zhu H, Wu Y, Bao Z, Zhao H, Wang S. A rapid and high-throughput multiplex genetic detection assay for detection, semi-quantification and virulence genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in non-invasive oral samples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1267288. [PMID: 37842005 PMCID: PMC10570550 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1267288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study established a high-throughput multiplex genetic detection assay (HMGA) for rapid identification, semi-quantification and virulence analysis of Helicobacter pylori directly from the clinical non-invasive oral samples. Methods The gastric mucosa and oral samples were collected from 242 patients in Shanghai from 2021 to 2022. All the samples were detected by routine clinical tests for H. pylori and Sanger sequenced for inconsistent results. A new multiplex PCR assay providing results within 4 hours was designed and optimized involving fluorescent dye-labeled specific primers targeted 16S rRNA gene, semi-quantitative gene ureC and 10 virulence genes of H. pylori. Semi-quantification was carried out by simulating the serial 10-fold dilutions of positive oral samples, and the H. pylori loads in different clinical samples were further compared. The mixed plasmids of virulence genes vacA s1, vacA m1 and vacA m2 were used to evaluate the performance on different genotypes. The consistency of 10 virulence genes in gastric mucosa, saliva, mouthwash and dental plaque of H. pylori-positive patients was compared. Results The non-invasive HMGA was highly specific for detection of all 12 targets of H. pylori and human internal reference gene β-globin, and the sensitivity to all target genes could reach 10 copies/μL. Compared with routine clinical tests and sequencing, non-invasive HMGA has a high level (>0.98) of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV and kappa coefficient for direct detection of H. pylori in oral samples. Moreover, by detecting peak area levels of ureC, it was confirmed that the H. pylori loads in gastric mucosa were significantly higher than those of the three kinds of oral samples (p<0.05). We also found that 45.0% (91/202) of patients had different H. pylori virulence genes in different oral samples. The concordance of positive detection rates of each virulence gene between saliva and gastric mucosa was more than 78% (p<0.05). Conclusion The non-invasive HMGA proved to be a reliable method for the rapid H. pylori identification, semi-quantification and detection of 10 virulence genes directly in oral samples, providing a new idea for non-invasive detection of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danian Ji
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zili Xiao
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Zhu
- Department of Research and Development, Ningbo HEALTH Gene Technologies Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Ningbo HEALTH Gene Technologies Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Nasciutti LE. Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:817-831. [PMID: 32920697 PMCID: PMC11071717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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3
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Hadwiger LA. Nonhost Disease Resistance in Pea: Chitosan's Suggested Role in DNA Minor Groove Actions Relative to Phytoalexin-Eliciting Anti-Cancer Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5913. [PMID: 33327391 PMCID: PMC7764892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable intense resistance called "nonhost resistance" generates a complete multiple-gene resistance against plant pathogenic species that are not pathogens of pea such as the bean pathogen, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Fsph). Chitosan is a natural nonhost resistance response gene activator of defense responses in peas. Chitosan may share with cancer-treatment compounds, netropsin and some anti-cancer drugs, a DNA minor groove target in plant host tissue. The chitosan heptamer and netropsin have the appropriate size and charge to reside in the DNA minor groove. The localization of a percentage of administered radio-labeled chitosan in the nucleus of plant tissue in vivo indicates its potential to transport to site(s) within the nuclear chromatin (1,2). Other minor groove-localizing compounds administered to pea tissue activate the same secondary plant pathway that terminates in the production of the anti-fungal isoflavonoid, pisatin an indicator of the generated resistance response. Some DNA minor groove compounds also induce defense genes designated as "pathogenesis-related" (PR) genes. Hypothetically, DNA targeting components alter host DNA in a manner enabling the transcription of defense genes previously silenced or minimally expressed. Defense-response-elicitors can directly (a) target host DNA at the site of transcription or (b) act by a series of cascading events beginning at the cell membrane and indirectly influence transcription. A single defense response, pisatin induction, induced by chitosan and compounds with known DNA minor groove attachment potential was followed herein. A hypothesis is formulated suggesting that this DNA target may be accountable for a portion of the defense response generated in nonhost resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Hadwiger
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
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Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T. HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010362. [PMID: 31935816 PMCID: PMC6981681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
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5
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Varghese VK, Shukla V, Jishnu PV, Kabekkodu SP, Pandey D, Sharan K, Satyamoorthy K. Characterizing methylation regulated miRNA in carcinoma of the human uterine cervix. Life Sci 2019; 232:116668. [PMID: 31326568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory mechanisms determine the multistep carcinogenesis process. Two aspects of epigenetics are microRNA (miRNAs) and DNA methylation that regulate distinct biological mechanisms such as metastasis, apoptosis cell proliferation and induction of senescence. Although critical, the interplay between these two epigenetic mechanisms is yet to be completely understood, particularly in cervical cancer. To study the DNA methylation regulation of miRNAs and its potential role in cervical cancer, we investigated the differential methylation pattern of two candidate miRNAs (miR-375 and miR-196a-1) during cervical cancer progression against normal cervical epithelium (NCE) by bisulfite DNA sequencing. miR-375 and miR-196a-1 were hypermethylated in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) against NCE and Cervical Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) (p < 0.05). Treatment with demethylating agent reactivated the miR-375 and miR-196a-1 expression in SiHa, HeLa and CaSki cells. In vitro artificial methylation by M.SssI followed by dual luciferase assay confirmed miR-375 and miR-196a-1 as methylation regulated miRNAs (P < 0.05). miR-375 and miR-196a-1 expression levels were negatively correlated with methylation levels in clinical specimens. We further identified Replication Factor C Subunit 3 (RFC3) and High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1 (HMGA1) as targets of miR-375 and miR-196a-1 respectively by dual luciferase reporter assay. Our analysis indicates that miR-375 and miR-196a-1 are DNA methylation regulated miRNAs whose deregulation may facilitate pathophysiology of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Klett H, Balavarca Y, Toth R, Gigic B, Habermann N, Scherer D, Schrotz-King P, Ulrich A, Schirmacher P, Herpel E, Brenner H, Ulrich CM, Michels KB, Busch H, Boerries M. Robust prediction of gene regulation in colorectal cancer tissues from DNA methylation profiles. Epigenetics 2018; 13:386-397. [PMID: 29697014 PMCID: PMC6140810 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1460034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is recognized as one of several epigenetic regulators of gene expression and as potential driver of carcinogenesis through gene-silencing of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. However, abnormal methylation, even of promoter regions, does not necessarily alter gene expression levels, especially if the gene is already silenced, leaving the exact mechanisms of methylation unanswered. Using a large cohort of matching DNA methylation and gene expression samples of colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 77) and normal adjacent mucosa tissues (n = 108), we investigated the regulatory role of methylation on gene expression. We show that on a subset of genes enriched in common cancer pathways, methylation is significantly associated with gene regulation through gene-specific mechanisms. We built two classification models to infer gene regulation in CRC from methylation differences of tumor and normal tissues, taking into account both gene-silencing and gene-activation effects through hyper- and hypo-methylation of CpGs. The classification models result in high prediction performances in both training and independent CRC testing cohorts (0.92
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Klett
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reka Toth
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Gigic
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Habermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Hassan F, Lossie SL, Kasik EP, Channon AM, Ni S, Kennedy MA. A mouse model study of toxicity and biodistribution of a replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 virus with its genome engineered to contain a decoy hyper binding site to sequester and suppress oncogenic HMGA1 as a new cancer treatment therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192882. [PMID: 29462157 PMCID: PMC5819794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HGMA1 architectural transcription factor is highly overexpressed in many human cancers. Because HMGA1 is a hub for regulation of many oncogenes, its overexpression in cancer plays a central role in cancer progression and therefore HMGA1 is gaining increasing attention as a target for development of therapeutic approaches to suppress either its expression or action in cancer cells. We have developed the strategy of introducing decoy hyper binding sites for HMGA1 into the nucleus of cancer cells with the goal of competetively sequestering overexpressed HMGA1 and thus suppressing its oncogenic action. Towards achieving this goal, we have introduced an HMGA1 decoy hyper binding site composed of six copies of a high affinity HMGA1 binding site into the genome of the replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 genome and shown that the engineered virus effectively reduces the viability of human pancreatic and cancer cells. Here we report the first pre-clinical measures of toxicity and biodistribution of the engineered virus in C57BL/6J Black 6 mice. The immune response to exposure of the engineered virus was determined by assaying the serum levels of key cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Toxicity due to exposure to the virus was determined by measuring the serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Biodistribution was measured following direct injection into the pancreas or liver by quantifying viral loads in the pancreas, liver, spleen and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizule Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Lossie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Ellen P. Kasik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Audrey M. Channon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Shuisong Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Michael A. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
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8
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Song CQ, Li Y, Mou H, Moore J, Park A, Pomyen Y, Hough S, Kennedy Z, Fischer A, Yin H, Anderson DG, Conte D, Zender L, Wang XW, Thorgeirsson S, Weng Z, Xue W. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Regulators of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase as Suppressors of Liver Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1161-1173.e1. [PMID: 27956228 PMCID: PMC6204228 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been a challenge to identify liver tumor suppressors or oncogenes due to the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify suppressors of liver tumor formation in mice, using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. METHODS We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screen of P53-null mouse embryonic liver progenitor cells that overexpressed MYC. We infected p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 hepatocytes with the mGeCKOa lentiviral library of 67,000 single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), targeting 20,611 mouse genes, and transplanted the transduced cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Within 1 month, all the mice that received the sgRNA library developed subcutaneous tumors. We performed high-throughput sequencing of tumor DNA and identified sgRNAs increased at least 8-fold compared to the initial cell pool. To validate the top 10 candidate tumor suppressors from this screen, we collected data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Cancer Genome Atlas and COSMIC databases. We used CRISPR to inactivate candidate tumor suppressor genes in p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 cells and transplanted them subcutaneously into nude mice; tumor formation was monitored and tumors were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mice with liver-specific disruption of p53 were given hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of plasmids encoding Myc and sgRNA/Cas9 designed to disrupt candidate tumor suppressors; growth of tumors and metastases was monitored. We compared gene expression profiles of liver cells with vs without tumor suppressor gene disrupted by sgRNA/Cas9. Genes found to be up-regulated after tumor suppressor loss were examined in liver cancer cell lines; their expression was knocked down using small hairpin RNAs, and tumor growth was examined in nude mice. Effects of the MEK inhibitors AZD6244, U0126, and trametinib, or the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, were examined in human and mouse HCC cell lines. RESULTS We identified 4 candidate liver tumor suppressor genes not previously associated with liver cancer (Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1). CRISPR-mediated knockout of Nf1, a negative regulator of RAS, accelerated liver tumor formation in mice. Loss of Nf1 or activation of RAS up-regulated the liver progenitor cell markers HMGA2 and SOX9. RAS pathway inhibitors suppressed the activation of the Hmga2 and Sox9 genes that resulted from loss of Nf1 or oncogenic activation of RAS. Knockdown of HMGA2 delayed formation of xenograft tumors from cells that expressed oncogenic RAS. In human HCCs, low levels of NF1 messenger RNA or high levels of HMGA2 messenger RNA were associated with shorter patient survival time. Liver cancer cells with inactivation of Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 formed more tumors in mice and had increased levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Using a CRISPR-based strategy, we identified Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 as suppressors of liver tumor formation. We validated the observation that RAS signaling, via mitogen-activated protein kinase, contributes to formation of liver tumors in mice. We associated decreased levels of NF1 and increased levels of its downstream protein HMGA2 with survival times of patients with HCC. Strategies to inhibit or reduce HMGA2 might be developed to treat patients with liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HMGA Proteins/genetics
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sorafenib
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Park
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soren Hough
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darryl Conte
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Department of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgenic mice overexpressing the high mobility group A (HMGA) genes, Hmga1 or Hmga2 develop pituitary tumours and their overexpression is also a frequent finding in human pituitary adenomas. In some cases, increased expression of HMGA2 but not that of HMGA1 is consequent to genetic perturbations. However, recent studies show that down-regulation of microRNA (miRNA), that contemporaneously target the HMGA1 and HMGA2 transcripts, are associated with their overexpression. RESULTS In a cohort of primary pituitary adenoma we determine the impact of epigenetic modifications on the expression of HMGA-targeting miRNA. For these miRNAs, chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that transcript down-regulation is correlated with histone tail modifications associated with condensed silenced genes. The functional impact of epigenetic modification on miRNA expression was determined in the rodent pituitary cell line, GH3. In these cells, histone tail, miRNA-associated, modifications were similar to those apparent in human adenoma and likely account for their repression. Indeed, challenge of GH3 cells with the epidrugs, zebularine and TSA, led to enrichment of the histone modification, H3K9Ac, associated with active genes, and depletion of the modification, H3K27me3, associated with silent genes and re-expression of HMGA-targeting miRNA. Moreover, epidrugs challenges were also associated with a concomitant decrease in hmga1 transcript and protein levels and concurrent increase in bmp-4 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that the inverse relationship between HMGA expression and targeting miRNA is reversible through epidrug interventions. In addition to showing a mechanistic link between epigenetic modifications and miRNA expression these findings underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in this and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Kitchen
- Human Disease and Genomics Group, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
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Hong J, Kim D, Cho K, Sa S, Choi S, Kim Y, Park J, Schmidt GS, Davis ME, Chung H. Effects of genetic variants for the swine FABP3, HMGA1, MC4R, IGF2, and FABP4 genes on fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2015; 110:46-51. [PMID: 26172243 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify genetic relationships between fatty acid composition (FAC) and genotypes of several genes (FABP3, HMGA1, MC4R, IGF2, and FABP4) using pig breeds. The effects of genetic variations on FAC of the longissimus muscle were statistically significant with additive and dominance effects. The polymorphisms of FABP3 and IGF2 had the largest effects on stearic (C18:0, P=0.009) and γ-linoleic (C18:3n6, P=0.039) acids, respectively, whereas HMGA1 and FABP4 did not show significances. The analysis revealed that MC4R was significantly associated with palmitoleic acid (C16:ln7) and MUFA. Allele frequencies of the genes examined in this analysis were significantly skewed or fixed in the Korean native pig (KNP), whereas the allele frequencies of the crossbreds tended to fall between those of the purebreds except that HMGA1 and FABP4 had approximately the same allele frequencies with Duroc and KNP, respectively. The polymorphisms found in this study could be used as genetic markers in breeding programs to simultaneously change proportions of fatty acids in muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonki Hong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Duwan Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Sa
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Juncheol Park
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilberto Silber Schmidt
- International Technical Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael E Davis
- The Ohio State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hoyoung Chung
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon 441-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Leung YK, Chan QKY, Ng CF, Ma FMT, Tse HM, To KF, Maranchie J, Ho SM, Lau KM. Hsa-miRNA-765 as a key mediator for inhibiting growth, migration and invasion in fulvestrant-treated prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98037. [PMID: 24837491 PMCID: PMC4024001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant (ICI-182,780) has recently been shown to effectively suppress prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. But it is unclear whether microRNAs play a role in regulating oncogene expression in fulvestrant-treated prostate cancer. Here, this study reports hsa-miR-765 as the first fulvestrant-driven, ERβ-regulated miRNA exhibiting significant tumor suppressor activities like fulvestrant, against prostate cancer cell growth via blockage of cell-cycle progression at the G2/M transition, and cell migration and invasion possibly via reduction of filopodia/intense stress-fiber formation. Fulvestrant was shown to upregulate hsa-miR-765 expression through recruitment of ERβ to the 5′-regulatory-region of hsa-miR-765. HMGA1, an oncogenic protein in prostate cancer, was identified as a downstream target of hsa-miR-765 and fulvestrant in cell-based experiments and a clinical study. Both the antiestrogen and the hsa-miR-765 mimic suppressed HMGA1 protein expression. In a neo-adjuvant study, levels of hsa-miR-765 were increased and HMGA1 expression was almost completely lost in prostate cancer specimens from patients treated with a single dose (250 mg) of fulvestrant 28 days before prostatectomy. These findings reveal a novel fulvestrant signaling cascade involving ERβ-mediated transcriptional upregulation of hsa-miR-765 that suppresses HMGA1 protein expression as part of the mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor action of fulvestrant in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Queeny Kwan-Yi Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fanny Man-Ting Ma
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ho-Man Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory in Southern China in Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jodi Maranchie
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMH); (KML)
| | - Kin-Mang Lau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory in Southern China in Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (SMH); (KML)
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Abstract
CONCLUSION The overexpression of HMGA1 or Ezrin may contribute to the carcinogenesis, development, and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of HMGA1 and Ezrin in LSCC and analyze their clinical significance. METHODS The expression of HMGA1 and Ezrin was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 50 cases of LSCC. Thirty cases of laryngeal polyp and 30 cases of atypical hyperplasia of larynx were studied as controls. The expression of HMGA1 and Ezrin was analyzed by real-time PCR and by Western blot in 30 cases of LSCC; samples from adjacent normal epithelial tissues in 30 cases were studied as controls. RESULTS (1) IHC revealed that the positive rate of HMGA1 protein was 68.0% (34/50), 53.3% (16/30), and 13. 3% (4/30) in LSCC, atypical hyperplasia of larynx, and laryngeal polyp (p < 0.05), and the positive rate of Ezrin protein was 64.0% (32/50), 50.0% (15/30), and 23.3% (7/30) (p < 0.01), respectively. (2) Real-time PCR demonstrated that the mean relative mRNA expression levels of HMGA1 in LSCC and in normal tissues were 2.41 ± 0.40 and 1.05 ± 0.18, respectively (p < 0.01). The mRNA levels of Ezrin in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.79 ± 0.27 and 1.04 ± 0.22, respectively (p < 0.05). (3) Western blotting revealed that the mean relative protein expression levels of HMGA1 in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.73 ± 0.60 and 0.35 ± 0.17, respectively (p < 0.01). The protein levels of Ezrin in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.82 ± 0.77 and 0.42 ± 0.20, respectively (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China.
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13
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D'Angelo D, Borbone E, Palmieri D, Uboldi S, Esposito F, Frapolli R, Pacelli R, D'Incalci M, Fusco A. The impairment of the High Mobility Group A (HMGA) protein function contributes to the anticancer activity of trabectedin. Eur J Cancer 2012; 49:1142-51. [PMID: 23149213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin-743 or ET-743) is a novel antitumour agent of marine origin with potent antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo. It interacts with the minor groove of DNA, interfering with transcriptional activity and DNA repair pathways. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which trabectedin exerts its cytotoxic effects on carcinoma cells. It is based on its ability to impair the function of the High-Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins. These proteins have a key role in cell transformation, and their overexpression is a common feature of human malignant neoplasias, representing a poor prognostic index often correlated to anti-cancer drug resistance. They bind the minor groove of DNA, alter chromatin structure and, thus, regulate the transcription of several genes by enhancing or suppressing the activity of transcription factors. We first report that trabectedin has a higher cytotoxic effect on thyroid and colon carcinoma cells expressing abundant levels of HMGAs in comparison with cells not expressing them. Then, we have shown that trabectedin treatment displaces HMGA proteins from the HMGA-responsive promoters, including ATM promoter, impairing their transcriptional activity. Finally, we report a synergism between Ionising Radiations and trabectedin treatment restricted to the HMGA-overexpressing cancer cells. This result might have important clinical implications since it would suggest the use of trabectedin for the treatment of neoplasias expressing abundant HMGA levels that are frequently associated to chemoresistance and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Angelo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Liu L, Ding H, Wang HR, Xu YJ, Cui GL, Wang PH, Yuan G, Yu XF, Wang DW. Polymorphism of HMGA1 is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes among Chinese individuals. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1685-8. [PMID: 22411136 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Variants of the high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in individuals of European origin. We aimed to determine whether this locus confers significant susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Han Chinese population, and thus cross-race susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. METHODS Polymorphisms in HMGA1 were identified by direct sequencing of genomic DNA derived from 192 Chinese participants (96 patients with type 2 diabetes and 96 controls). We then genotyped the common variant IVS5-13insC (c.136-14_136-13insC) in two other independent cohorts, including a total of 2,533 cases and 2,643 ethnically matched controls. RESULTS We confirmed the association of the HMGA1 variant IVS5-13insC (c.136-14_136-13insC) with type 2 diabetes with an OR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.15, 1.56, p = 0.0002 under a dominant model, and 95% CI 1.16, 1.55, p = 0.0002 under an additive model) in the Han Chinese population, corresponding to a population attributable risk fraction of 5.0%. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HMGA1 is an important susceptibility locus that confers a high cross-race risk of the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Belton A, Gabrovsky A, Bae YK, Reeves R, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Huso DL, Resar LMS. HMGA1 induces intestinal polyposis in transgenic mice and drives tumor progression and stem cell properties in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30034. [PMID: 22276142 PMCID: PMC3262796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metastatic colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the molecular mechanisms that enable colon cancer cells to metastasize remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that metastatic cells develop by usurping transcriptional networks from embryonic stem (ES) cells to facilitate an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastatic progression. Previous studies identified HMGA1 as a key transcription factor enriched in ES cells, colon cancer, and other aggressive tumors, although its role in these settings is poorly understood. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine how HMGA1 functions in metastatic colon cancer, we manipulated HMGA1 expression in transgenic mice and colon cancer cells. We discovered that HMGA1 drives proliferative changes, aberrant crypt formation, and intestinal polyposis in transgenic mice. In colon cancer cell lines from poorly differentiated, metastatic tumors, knock-down of HMGA1 blocks anchorage-independent cell growth, migration, invasion, xenograft tumorigenesis and three-dimensional colonosphere formation. Inhibiting HMGA1 expression blocks tumorigenesis at limiting dilutions, consistent with depletion of tumor-initiator cells in the knock-down cells. Knock-down of HMGA1 also inhibits metastatic progression to the liver in vivo. In metastatic colon cancer cells, HMGA1 induces expression of Twist1, a gene involved in embryogenesis, EMT, and tumor progression, while HMGA1 represses E-cadherin, a gene that is down-regulated during EMT and metastatic progression. In addition, HMGA1 is among the most enriched genes in colon cancer compared to normal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that HMGA1 drives proliferative changes and polyp formation in the intestines of transgenic mice and induces metastatic progression and stem-like properties in colon cancer cells. These findings indicate that HMGA1 is a key regulator, both in metastatic progression and in the maintenance of a stem-like state. Our results also suggest that HMGA1 or downstream pathways could be rational therapeutic targets in metastatic, poorly differentiated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Belton
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander Gabrovsky
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ray Reeves
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David L. Huso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linda M. S. Resar
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Cao YD, Huang PL, Sun XC, Ma J, Jin ZL, Cheng HY, Xu RZ, Li F, Qin SK, Deng YX, Ge XL. Silencing of high mobility group A1 enhances gemcitabine chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2011; 124:1061-1068. [PMID: 21542969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins are architectural transcription factors found to be overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a powerful tool for silencing endogenous or exogenous genes in human cancer cells. Our preliminary study shows that gemcitabine inhibits growth of the human lung cancer cell line SPCA-1 and induces apoptosis, and this effect might link with down-regulation of HMGA1 expression. This study aimed to investigate the chemosensitivity change of the lung adenocarcinoma cells SPCA-1 after HMGA1 inhibition by lentivirus-mediated RNAi. METHODS We studied a highly malignant lung adenocarcinoma cell line (SPCA-1 cells). Lentiviral short-hairpin RNA (shHMGA1) expression vectors targeting HMGA1 were used for generation of lentiviral particles. After being transfected into the lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPCA-1, the expression of HMGA1 was determined by retrotranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of gemcitabine on proliferation of positive and negative cells was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and clonogenic survival assay. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometery. Chemosensitivity to gemcitabine was determined by IC50 analysis. Caspase activity was quantitated by a caspase colorimetric protease assay kit. RESULTS HMGA1-siRNA silenced its target mRNA specifically and effectively in SPCA-1 cells. The apoptotic rates of the scramble control group were (7.43 ± 0.21)%, (11.00 ± 0.20)%, and (14.93 ± 0.31)%, and the apoptotic rates in the silenced group were (9.53 ± 0.42)%, (16.67 ± 0.45)%, and (25.40 ± 0.79)% under exposure to 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 µg/ml of gemcitabine (P < 0.05). The IC(50) of the silenced group was (0.309 ± 0.003) µg/ml which was significantly lower than in the scramble control group, (0.653 ± 0.003) µg/ml (P < 0.05). It reduced cancer cell proliferation and increased apoptotic cell death after being treated with gemcitabine compared with the scramble control group. HMGA1 silencing resulted in reduction in the phosphorylation of Akt, and promoted the activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9 upon exposure to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of HMGA1 enhanced chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The mechanism may be associated with the PI-3K/Akt signal pathway. HMGA1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Zhong Da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Chiefari E, Tanyolaç S, Paonessa F, Pullinger CR, Capula C, Iiritano S, Mazza T, Forlin M, Fusco A, Durlach V, Durlach A, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Heiner SW, Filocamo M, Foti DP, Goldfine ID, Brunetti A. Functional variants of the HMGA1 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2011; 305:903-12. [PMID: 21364139 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein is a key regulator of insulin receptor (INSR) gene expression. We previously identified a functional HMGA1 gene variant in 2 insulin-resistant patients with decreased INSR expression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE To examine the association of HMGA1 gene variants with type 2 DM. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control study that analyzed the HMGA1 gene in patients with type 2 DM and controls from 3 populations of white European ancestry. Italian patients with type 2 DM (n = 3278) and 2 groups of controls (n = 3328) were attending the University of Catanzaro outpatient clinics and other health care sites in Calabria, Italy, during 2003-2009; US patients with type 2 DM (n = 970) were recruited in Northern California clinics between 1994 and 2005 and controls (n = 958) were senior athletes without DM collected in 2004 and 2009; and French patients with type 2 DM (n = 354) and healthy controls (n = 50) were enrolled at the University of Reims in 1992. Genomic DNA was either directly sequenced or analyzed for specific HMGA1 mutations. Messenger RNA and protein expression for HMGA1 and INSR were measured in both peripheral lymphomonocytes and cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts from patients with type 2 DM and controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency of HMGA1 gene variants among cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for type 2 DM were estimated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The most frequent functional HMGA1 variant, IVS5-13insC, was present in 7% to 8% of patients with type 2 DM in all 3 populations. The prevalence of IVS5-13insC variant was higher among patients with type 2 DM than among controls in the Italian population (7.23% vs 0.43% in one control group; OR, 15.77 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 8.57-29.03]; P < .001 and 7.23% vs 3.32% in the other control group; OR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.51-3.43]; P < .001). In the US population, the prevalence of IVS5-13insC variant was 7.7% among patients with type 2 DM vs 4.7% among controls (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.05-2.57]; P = .03). In the French population, the prevalence of IVS5-13insC variant was 7.6% among patients with type 2 DM and 0% among controls (P = .046). In the Italian population, 3 other functional variants were observed. When all 4 variants were analyzed, HMGA1 defects were present in 9.8% of Italian patients with type 2 DM and 0.6% of controls. In addition to the IVS5 C-insertion, the c.310G>T (p.E104X) variant was found in 14 patients and no controls (Bonferroni-adjusted P = .01); the c.*82G>A variant (rs2780219) was found in 46 patients and 5 controls (Bonferroni-adjusted P < .001); the c.*369del variant was found in 24 patients and no controls (Bonferroni-adjusted P < .001). In circulating monocytes and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts from patients with type 2 DM and the IVS5-13insC variant, the messenger RNA levels and protein content of both HMGA1 and the INSR were decreased by 40% to 50%, and these defects were corrected by transfection with HMGA1 complementary DNA. CONCLUSIONS Compared with healthy controls, the presence of functional HMGA1 gene variants in individuals of white European ancestry was associated with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Chiefari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica G. Salvatore, Università di Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto Catanzaro, 88100 Italy
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Abstract
Regulation of silkmoth chorion genes has long been used as a model system for studying differential gene expression. The large numbers of genes, their overlapping expression patterns and the overall complexity of the system hinted towards an elaborate mechanism for transcriptional control. Recent studies, however, offer evidence of a molecular pathway governed by the interplay between two general transcription factors, CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) and GATA, an architectural protein, high mobility group A and a chromatin remodeller, chromo-helicase/ATPase-DNA binding protein 1. In this review we present a parsimonious model that adequately describes regulation of transcription across all temporally regulated chorion genes, and propose a role for promoter architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lecanidou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Kubo T, Matsui Y, Naka N, Araki N, Myoui A, Endo K, Yasui N, Ohtani O, Suzuki K, Kimura T, Yoshikawa H, Ueda T. Specificity of fusion genes in adipocytic tumors. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:661-664. [PMID: 20332486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In subsets of adipocytic tumors, specific chromosomal translocations lead to the generation of fusion genes. The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2)-lipoma preferred partner (LPP) and the reciprocal LPP-HMGA2 represent such fusion genes in lipoma, while the human translocation liposarcoma (TLS)-CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and the Ewing sarcoma (EWS)-CHOP in liposarcoma. However, the specificity of these fusion genes has not been established in a variety of adipocytic tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-two cases of adipocytic tumors, comprising 98 cases of lipoma and 74 cases of liposarcoma, were analyzed for the possible expression of HMGA2-LPP, LPP-HMGA2, TLS-CHOP and EWS-CHOP fusion genes, using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS In lipoma, twenty-two cases (22.4%) were associated with either HMGA2-LPP or LPP-HMGA2, while neither TLS-CHOP nor EWS-CHOP transcript was detectable. On the contrary, in liposarcoma, neither HMGA2-LPP nor LPP-HMGA2 transcript was detectable, although twenty-five cases (33.8%) were related to either TLS-CHOP or EWS-CHOP. CONCLUSION HMGA2-LPP and LPP-HMGA2 were specific to lipoma, and TLS-CHOP and EWS-CHOP were specific to liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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21
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Liu YL, Zheng JH. [Effects of small interfering RNA specific to stably transfected HMGA1 gene on biological characters of ovarian carcinoma cells]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2010; 45:51-55. [PMID: 20367927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of biological characters of the human ovarian cell line (OVCAR) by stable transfection short hairpin RNA into the target HMGA1 gene. METHODS Experiments were divided into two groups: transfected the OVCAR cells with pSilence4.1-CMV-Hs plasmid as group A, while transfected OVCAR cells with pSilence4.1-CMV-Hn plasmid as group B, in which stably transfected cells were gained by antibiotic screening. The comparative expressions of HMGA1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was applied to measure cell proliferation and at the same time, the cell growth curve was also be mapped. Vitro invasion assay was used to observe the invasion ability of the cancer cells, and the tumor growth of the nude mice inoculated of tumor cells were compared with before and after transfection. RESULTS In group A, the expression level of mRNA and protein HMGA1 gene in OVCAR cells were remarkably reduced before and after the stable transfected with HMGA1 siRNA, in which the percents of mRNA expression were [(86.3 ± 2.7)% vs. (35.8 ± 3.1)%, P < 0.05], the expression of protein were [(68.6 ± 2.8)% vs. (22.3 ± 4.2)%, P < 0.05)]. The OVCAR cell growth in stable transfection status was more significantly decreased than that in non-transfection status (P < 0.05). In group B, there were no statistical difference in the expression of HMGA1 siRNA, protein and the cell growth between before and after transfection states (P > 0.05). The invasion cell numbers were reduced from before to after transfection state in group A [(53 ± 6) vs. (21 ± 6), P < 0.05], while there was no significant difference in group B [(51 ± 6) vs. (47 ± 8), P > 0.05]. After inoculated transfected cells into nude mice, it took (6.0 ± 0.9) days to grow the planed tumors in group A, which was much shorter than that (12.3 ± 3.9) days in group B (P < 0.05). After 5 weeks, the tumor weight and volume in group A was were significantly lower than those in group B [(0.8 ± 0.3) g vs. (2.1 ± 0.4) g, (205 ± 34) mm(3) vs. (987 ± 82) mm(3), all P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION HMGA1 siRNA could remarkably reduce the expression of HMGA1 gene in ovarian cell and also inhabit the ovarian cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-lan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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22
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Hatano H, Morita T, Ogose A, Hotta T, Kobayashi H, Segawa H, Uchiyama T, Takenouchi T, Sato T. Clinicopathological features of lipomas with gene fusions involving HMGA2. Anticancer Res 2008; 28:535-538. [PMID: 18383898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulating knowledge of chimeric genes derived from fusion of the HMGA2 gene with multiple partners in lipomas, the different clinicopathological features of lipomas depending on different gene aberrations have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical significance of the expression of fusion genes in lipomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expressions of three previously reported gene fusion transcripts, including HMGA2/LPP, HMGA2/RDC1 and HMGA2/NFIB, were analyzed in 102 tumors from patients with lipomas. RESULTS There were 23 cases (22.5%) expressing HMGA2/LPP, 2 cases (1.9%) expressing HMGA2/RDC1 and no cases of HMGA2/NFIB expression (0%). There were no significant intergroup differences in age, gender, body mass index, tumor size or location. The magnetic resonance images and pathological features were also not different in regard to the status of fusion gene expression. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences of clinicopathological features in patients with lipoma with or without these fusion gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hatano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins (HMGA1a, HMGA1b, HMGA1c and HMGA2) are nonhistone chromosomal proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but they orchestrate the assembly of multiprotein complexes involved in gene transcription, replication and chromatin structure through a complex network of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. To better understand their mechanisms of action, we have used a combination of coimmunoprecipitation, 1-D gel SDS-PAGE and MS to identify new potential molecular interactors. We have found 11 proteins that associate with HMGA1. These proteins belong to three different classes: mRNA processing proteins, RNA helicases and protein chaperones. Some interactions were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments in human embryonal kidney 293 cells. These experimental data suggest that HMGA1 proteins can associate with proteins that are strictly involved in chromatin structure and in several important mRNA processing steps, supporting the idea that HMGA1 proteins can also participate in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) non-histone chromatin proteins alter chromatin structure and thereby regulate the transcription of several genes by either enhancing or suppressing transcription factors. This protein family is implicated, through different mechanisms, in both benign and malignant neoplasias. Rearrangements of HMGA genes are a feature of most benign human mesenchymal tumours. Conversely, unrearranged HMGA overexpression is a feature of malignant tumours and is also causally related to neoplastic cell transformation. Here, we focus on the role of the HMGA proteins in human neoplastic diseases, the mechanisms by which they contribute to carcinogenesis, and therapeutic strategies based on targeting HMGA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fusco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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25
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Medeiros F, Erickson-Johnson MR, Keeney GL, Clayton AC, Nascimento AG, Wang X, Oliveira AM. Frequency and characterization of HMGA2 and HMGA1 rearrangements in mesenchymal tumors of the lower genital tract. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:981-90. [PMID: 17654722 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumors of the lower genital tract predominantly occur in women of reproductive age and are mainly represented by aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) and angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF). Whether these tumors are different phenotypic expressions of the same biological entity is still debatable. Genetic rearrangements of HMGA2 have been reported in a few cases of AAM but its frequency and clinicobiological implications have not been studied systematically. We evaluated 90 cases of mesenchymal tumors of the lower genital tract that comprised 42 AAMs, 18 AMFs, 6 cellular angiofibromas, 5 fibroepithelial stromal polyps, 15 genital leiomyomas, 3 superficial angiomyxomas, and 1 spindle cell lipoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify rearrangements of HMGA2 and its homologue HMGA1. HMGA2 rearrangements were identified in 14 AAMs (33%) and in 1 vaginal leiomyoma. All other tumors were negative for HMGA2 rearrangements. HMGA1 rearrangement was not found in any of the cases. RT-PCR confirmed transcriptional upregulation of HMGA2 only in tumors with HMGA2 rearrangements. Standard cytogenetic analyses were performed in two AAMs and one AMF. One AAM had a t(1;12)(p32;q15); the other tumors had normal karyotypes. Mapping and sequence analysis of the breakpoint showed fusion to the 3' untranslated region of HMGA2 to genomic sequences derived from the contig NT 032977.8 on chromosome 1p32. Our findings support the hypothesis that AAM and AMF are distinct biological entities. The diagnostic usefulness of HMGA2 rearrangements to differentiate between AAM and other tumors of the lower genital tract may be limited due to the their low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Medeiros
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Brannon KM, Million Passe CM, White CR, Bade NA, King MW, Quirk CC. Expression of the high mobility group A family member p8 is essential to maintaining tumorigenic potential by promoting cell cycle dysregulation in LbetaT2 cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:146-55. [PMID: 17451874 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the HMGA protein p8 facilitates tumorigenesis may be cell cycle dysregulation. Control- (C) LbetaT2 cells, which express p8, form tumors at a rate five-times faster than p8-knockdown (p8-KD)-LbetaT2 cells. In association with this heightened tumorigenic potential, p8-expressing C-LbetaT2 cells avoid G(0)/G(1) arrest and become genetically unstable while p8-KD-LbetaT2 cells arrest in G(0)/G(1), become senescent upon overgrowth, and maintain a diploid population. These phenotypic changes correspond to altered cell cycle regulation at the G(1)-to-S transition that may be due to p8-mediated changes in expression of the Cip/Kip family members of cell cycle inhibitors, p21, p27, and p57.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Brannon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-4401, USA
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27
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Nagel S, Scherr M, Kel A, Hornischer K, Crawford GE, Kaufmann M, Meyer C, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. Activation of TLX3 and NKX2-5 in t(5;14)(q35;q32) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by remote 3'-BCL11B enhancers and coregulation by PU.1 and HMGA1. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1461-71. [PMID: 17308084 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, alternative t(5;14)(q35;q32.2) forms effect dysregulation of either TLX3 or NKX2-5 homeobox genes at 5q35 by juxtaposition with 14q32.2 breakpoints dispersed across the BCL11B downstream genomic desert. Leukemic gene dysregulation by t(5;14) was investigated by DNA inhibitory treatments with 26-mer double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides directed against candidate enhancers at, or near, orphan T-cell DNase I hypersensitive sites located between 3'-BCL11B and VRK1. NKX2-5 down-regulation in t(5;14) PEER cells was almost entirely restricted to DNA inhibitory treatment targeting enhancers within the distal breakpoint cluster region and was dose and sequence dependent, whereas enhancers near 3'-BCL11B regulated that gene only. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the four most effectual NKX2-5 ectopic enhancers were hyperacetylated. These enhancers clustered approximately 1 Mbp downstream of BCL11B, within a region displaying multiple regulatory stigmata, including a TCRA enhancer motif, deep sequence conservation, and tight nuclear matrix attachment relaxed by trichostatin A treatment. Intriguingly, although TLX3/NKX2-5 promoter/exon 1 regions were hypoacetylated, their expression was trichostatin A sensitive, implying extrinsic regulation by factor(s) under acetylation control. Knockdown of PU.1, known to be trichostatin A responsive and which potentially binds TLX3/NKX2-5 promoters, effected down-regulation of both homeobox genes. Moreover, genomic analysis showed preferential enrichment near ectopic enhancers of binding sites for the PU.1 cofactor HMGA1, the knockdown of which also inhibited NKX2-5. We suggest that HMGA1 and PU.1 coregulate ectopic homeobox gene expression in t(5;14) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by interactions mediated at the nuclear matrix. Our data document homeobox gene dysregulation by a novel regulatory region at 3'-BCL11B responsive to histone deacetylase inhibition and highlight a novel class of potential therapeutic target amid noncoding DNA.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HMGA Proteins/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Multigene Family
- Nuclear Matrix/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
HMGA1 proteins are architectural transcription factors that are overexpressed by pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Roles of HMGA1 in mediating the malignant phenotype of this cancer are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that overexpression of HMGA1 promotes resistance to anoikis (apoptosis induced by anchorage deprivation) in pancreatic cancer cells. HMGA1 cDNA was stably transfected into MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (which have low baseline expression levels of HMGA1). Cells were grown in suspension on PolyHEMA-coated plates and their susceptibility to anoikis was assayed using flow cytometry. Overexpression of HMGA1 was associated with marked reductions in susceptibility to anoikis in concert with increases in Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) and in Akt kinase activity and with reductions in caspase 3 activation. Inhibition of phosphoinositidyl-3 (PI3-K)/Akt pathway with either the small molecule inhibitor LY294002 or dominant-negative Akt resulted in reversal of anoikis resistance induced by HMGA1 overexpression. Further, RNA interference-mediated HMGA1 silencing in MiaPaCa2 and BxPC3 (a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line with high baseline levels of HMGA1 expression) cells resulted in significant increases in susceptibility to anoikis. Our findings suggest HMGA1 promotes anoikis resistance through a PI3-K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Given the putative associations between anoikis resistance and metastatic potential, HMGA1 represents a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Liau
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Launholt D, Grønlund JT, Nielsen HK, Grasser KD. Overlapping expression patterns among the genes encodingArabidopsischromosomal high mobility group (HMG) proteins. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1114-8. [PMID: 17316617 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins are usually considered ubiquitous components of the eukaryotic chromatin. Using HMG gene promoter-GUS reporter gene fusions we have examined the expression of the reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. These experiments have revealed that the different HMGA and HMGB promoters display overlapping patterns of activity, but they also show tissue- and developmental stage-specific differences. Moreover, leader introns that are present in some of the HMGB genes can modulate reporter gene expression. The differential HMG gene expression supports the view that the various HMG proteins serve partially different architectural functions in plant chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Launholt
- Department of Life Sciences, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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30
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Wang GL, Zhang GC, Li F, Zhao J, Hu WH, Zhang JF, Yin XL, Guo CJ, Jiang JF, Liang WH. [The expression of pseudogene HMGA1L2 in thyroid lesions]. Yi Chuan 2006; 28:1365-70. [PMID: 17098703 DOI: 10.1360/yc-006-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pseudogene HMGA1L2 mRNA level was detected using RT-PCR in 50 cases of thyroid lesions. The results show that HMGA1L2 mRNA was found in all 12 cases of nodular goiter, all 9 cases of thyroid adenoma and all 15 cases of papillary carcinoma. In 14 cases of thyroid follicular carcinoma, However, the frequency of HMGA1L2 mRNA expression was 35.7%, which was significantly different from that in other types of thyroid lesions (P < 0.05). This is the first report of mRNA expression of pseudogene HMGA1L2 in nodular goiter and thyroid tumors. It indicate that pseudogene HMGA1L2 expression analysis could be helpful in differentiation between follicular carcinoma and adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832002, China.
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31
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Liau SS, Ashley SW, Whang EE. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of HMGA1 promotes chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2006; 10:1254-62; discussion 1263. [PMID: 17114012 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins are overexpressed in pancreatic cancers. They are architectural nuclear proteins, which regulate expression of multiple genes implicated in the malignant phenotype. In this study, we hypothesized that HMG A1 silencing will promote chemosensitivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We studied highly malignant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (MiaPaCa2 and PANC1). Lentiviral short-hairpin RNA (shHMGA1) expression vectors targeting HMGA1 were used for generation of lentiviral particles. Stable transfectants were developed after lentiviral transduction. Nuclear expression of HMGA1 was assayed using Western blot analysis. Chemosensitivity to gemcitabine was determined by IC50 analysis. Caspase activity was quantitated using fluorometric caspase profiling. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference resulted in 90% silencing of HMGA1 expression in each of MiaPaCa2 and PANC1 cell lines. HMGA1 silencing enhanced chemosensitivity to gemcitabine with an approximately 50% reduction in IC50 in each cell line. Lentivirus-mediated HMGA1 silencing promoted the activation of caspases 3, 2, 9, and 8, on exposure to gemcitabine. HMGA1 silencing resulted in reduction in Akt kinase activity. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of HMGA1 promoted chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. HMGA1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siong-Seng Liau
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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32
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Peñalver-Mellado M, García-Heras F, Padmanabhan S, García-Moreno D, Murillo FJ, Elías-Arnanz M. Recruitment of a novel zinc-bound transcriptional factor by a bacterial HMGA-type protein is required for regulating multiple processes in Myxococcus xanthus. Mol Microbiol 2006; 61:910-26. [PMID: 16879646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhanceosome assembly in eukaryotes often requires high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins. In prokaryotes, the only known transcriptional regulator with HMGA-like physical, structural and DNA-binding properties is Myxococcus xanthus CarD. Here, we report that every CarD-regulated process analysed also requires the product of gene carG, located immediately downstream of and transcriptionally coupled to carD. CarG has the zinc-binding H/C-rich metallopeptidase motif found in archaemetzincins, but with Q replacing a catalytically essential E. CarG, a monomer, binds two zinc atoms, shows no apparent metallopeptidase activity, and its stability in vivo absolutely requires the cysteines. This indicates a strictly structural role for zinc-binding. In vivo CarG localizes to the nucleoid but only if CarD is also present. In vitro CarG shows no DNA-binding but physically interacts with CarD via its N-terminal and not HMGA domain. CarD and CarG thus work as a single, physically linked, transcriptional regulatory unit, and if one exists in a bacterium so does the other. Like zinc-associated eukaryotic transcriptional adaptors in enhanceosome assembly, CarG regulates by interacting not with DNA but with another transcriptional factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Peñalver-Mellado
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Narita M, Narita M, Krizhanovsky V, Nuñez S, Chicas A, Hearn SA, Myers MP, Lowe SW. A novel role for high-mobility group a proteins in cellular senescence and heterochromatin formation. Cell 2006; 126:503-14. [PMID: 16901784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable state of proliferative arrest that provides a barrier to malignant transformation and contributes to the antitumor activity of certain chemotherapies. Senescent cells can accumulate senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs), which may provide a chromatin buffer that prevents activation of proliferation-associated genes by mitogenic transcription factors. Surprisingly, we show that the High-Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins, which can promote tumorigenesis, accumulate on the chromatin of senescent fibroblasts and are essential structural components of SAHFs. HMGA proteins cooperate with the p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor to promote SAHF formation and proliferative arrest and stabilize senescence by contributing to the repression of proliferation-associated genes. These antiproliferative activities are canceled by coexpression of the HDM2 and CDK4 oncogenes, which are often coamplified with HMGA2 in human cancers. Our results identify a component of the senescence machinery that contributes to heterochromatin formation and imply that HMGA proteins also act in tumor suppressor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Narita
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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34
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Kim KS, Lee JJ, Shin HY, Choi BH, Lee CK, Kim JJ, Cho BW, Kim TH. Association of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) polymorphisms with pig growth and fat deposition traits. Anim Genet 2006; 37:419-21. [PMID: 16879362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the combined effect of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) polymorphisms on growth and fatness traits in Duroc pigs. No significant interaction was observed between MC4R and HMGA1 for back-fat traits. An additive mode of inheritance of both gene effects was found for average daily gain and lean meat content. Maximum mean differences from combined genotypic effects were over 2 mm for back fat, 70 g/day for average daily gain and 2% for lean meat content. Therefore, utilization of polymorphisms in both MC4R and HMGA1 for marker-assisted selection could result in an economic benefit to the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
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35
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Maruyama T, Asada H, Ono M, Arase T, Yoshimura Y. [Uterine leiomyoma]. Nihon Rinsho 2006; Suppl 2:477-84. [PMID: 16817446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University
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36
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Kubo T, Matsui Y, Goto T, Yukata K, Endo K, Sato R, Tsutsui T, Yasui N. MRI characteristics of parosteal lipomas associated with the HMGA2-LPP fusion gene. Anticancer Res 2006; 26:2253-7. [PMID: 16821597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of parosteal lipomas with the HMGA2-LPP fusion transcripts are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of HMGA2-LPP fusion transcripts was determined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS MR images of two cases with the fusion transcripts, a 56-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman, revealed heterogeneous high signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images, showing heterogeneous curvilinear enhancement on fat-suppressed T1-weighted images after Gd-DTPA injection, which resembled those of well-differentiated liposarcomas. CONCLUSION Since the HMGA2-LPP fusion transcripts are exclusively detectable in benign mesenchymal tumors, testing HMGA2-LPP expression may be useful for differential diagnosis in cases of radiologically-suspected well-differentiated liposarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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von Ahsen I, Rogalla P, Bullerdiek J. Expression patterns of the LPP-HMGA2 fusion transcript in pulmonary chondroid hamartomas with t(3;12)(q27 approximately 28;q14 approximately 15). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 163:68-70. [PMID: 16271958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The high frequency of the t(3;12)(q27 approximately 28; q14 approximately 15) in lipomas and pulmonary chondroid hamartomas (PCHs) makes the HMGA2-LPP fusion gene the most frequent fusion gene in human tumors. We analyzed 11 PCHs with a t(3;12)(q27 approximately 28;q14 approximately 15) for the expression of the LPP-HMGA2 fusion transcript. In a previous study, all of these tumors were shown to express the HMGA2-LPP fusion transcript, composed of exons 1-3 of HMGA2 and exons 9-11 of LPP. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of the reciprocal fusion transcript in 8 of 11 cases. In all positive tumors, the reciprocal fusion transcripts had the same structure, namely, exons 1-8 of LPP and exons 4-5 of HMGA2 encoding a protein composed of the proline-rich region and the first LIM-domain of LPP and the acidic tail of HMGA2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the expression of the LPP-HMGA2 fusion transcript in a series of PCHs. Its frequent occurrence in PCHs indicates the absence of a larger deletion of the LPP locus accompanying the translocation, such as has been described in a lipoma. Thus, based on this one finding, a role of LPP-HMGA2 in PCH should be considered.
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Baldassarre G, Belletti B, Battista S, Nicoloso MS, Pentimalli F, Fedele M, Croce CM, Fusco A. HMGA1 protein expression sensitizes cells to cisplatin-induced cell death. Oncogene 2005; 24:6809-19. [PMID: 16007157 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HMGA1 proteins belong to a family of nonhistone chromatin proteins able to bind DNA in AT-rich regions and to interact with various transcription factors thus enhancing or inhibiting gene transcription by acting as architectural proteins. Although their expression is very low or absent in many adult tissues, HMGA1 proteins have been frequently found to be upregulated in human cancers and are expressed at high levels during embryogenesis, suggesting they could have a role in highly proliferating cells. We have previously demonstrated that HMGA1 expression in primary breast cancer and mammary carcinoma derived cell lines inversely correlated with BRCA1 expression and that HMGA1 is able to downregulate the expression of BRCA1 gene by binding directly to its promoter region. Being BRCA1 protein expression strictly linked to the DNA repair activity of the cell, we investigated whether HMGA1 expression was able to influence cellular responses to DNA damage. Here, we report that high expression levels of HMGA1 proteins in MCF-7 or mouse embryonic stem cells results in diminished BRCA1 expression and enhanced sensitivity to Cisplatin and Bleomycin. The increased DNA damage-induced cell death in HMGA1-expressing cells is likely due to a diminished cellular DNA repair activity. Therefore, we propose that high expression of HMGA1 protein in human malignant neoplasias, acting on BRCA1 expression, could contribute to the progression of malignant transformation influencing the response of the cells to the damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Baldassarre
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Chang ZG, Yang LY, Wang W, Peng JX, Huang GW, Tao YM, Ding X. Determination of high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential prognostic marker. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1764-70. [PMID: 16187170 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the expression of HMGA1 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation between its expression and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis. HMGA1 expression was determined at both the mRNA level and the protein level in 30 HCC tissues and their corresponding paracancer liver tissues (PCLTs) and 2 normal liver tissues by RT-PCR and IHC. Follow-up study was done on the 30 patients involved in this research. HMGA1 mRNA was detected in nine cases of HCC tissues and two PCLTs, for a positivity rate of 30% and 6.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas no HMGA1 mRNA expression was found in normal liver tissues. Clinicopathological analysis revealed that HMGA1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with Edmondson's grade (P < 0.05). HMGA1 protein was detected in four HCC tissues by IHC and located mainly in the nuclei; no positive staining was found in PCLTs. Follow-up study showed that HMGA1 mRNA-positive patients had a higher risk of recurrence/metastasis and a shorter survival than negative cases (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that HMGA1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and invasiveness of HCC and the determination of HMGA1 can be of great value in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Chang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory and Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, PR China
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Giannini G, Cerignoli F, Mellone M, Massimi I, Ambrosi C, Rinaldi C, Dominici C, Frati L, Screpanti I, Gulino A. High Mobility Group A1 Is a Molecular Target for MYCN in Human Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8308-16. [PMID: 16166307 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is an architectural transcription factor and a putative protoncogene. Deregulation of its expression has been shown in most human cancers. We have previously shown that the expression of the HMGA family members is deregulated in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors. On retinoic acid (RA) treatment of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines, HMGA1 decreases with a kinetics that strictly follows MYCN repression. In addition, MYCN constitutive expression abolishes HMGA1 repression by RA. Here we explored the possibility that HMGA1 expression might be sustained by MYCN in amplified cells. Indeed, MYCN transfection induced HMGA1 expression in several neuroblastoma cell lines. HMGA1 expression increased in a transgene dose-dependent fashion in neuroblastoma-like tumors of MYCN transgenic mice. In addition, it was significantly more expressed in MYCN-amplified compared with MYCN single-copy primary human neuroblastomas. MYCN cotransfection activated a promoter/luciferase reporter containing a 1,600 bp region surrounding the first three transcription start sites of the human HMGA1 and eight imperfect E-boxes. By heterodimerizing with its partner MAX, MYCN could bind to multiple DNA fragments within the 1,600 bp. Either 5' or 3' deletion variants of the 1,600 bp promoter/luciferase reporter strongly decreased luciferase activity, suggesting that, more than a single site, the cooperative function of multiple cis-acting elements mediates direct HMGA1 transactivation by MYCN. Finally, HMGA1 repression by RNA interference reduced neuroblastoma cell proliferation, indicating that HMGA1 is a novel MYCN target gene relevant for neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Crombez KRMO, Vanoirbeek EMR, Van de Ven WJM, Petit MMR. Transactivation functions of the tumor-specific HMGA2/LPP fusion protein are augmented by wild-type HMGA2. Mol Cancer Res 2005; 3:63-70. [PMID: 15755872 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-04-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the architectural transcription factor HMGA2 is frequently rearranged in several benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. The lipoma preferred partner (LPP) gene is the most frequent translocation partner of HMGA2 in a subgroup of lipomas, which are benign tumors of adipose tissue. In these lipomas, HMGA2/LPP fusion transcripts are expressed, which encode for the three AT-hooks of HMGA2 followed by the two most carboxyl-terminal LIM domains (protein-protein interaction domains) of LPP. Identical fusion transcripts are also expressed in other benign mesenchymal tumors. Previous studies revealed that the LIM domains of LPP have transcriptional activation capacity in GAL4-based luciferase reporter assays. Here, we show that the HMGA2/LPP fusion protein retains the transactivation functions of the LPP LIM domains and thus functions as transcription factor. The HMGA2/LPP fusion protein activates transcription from the well-characterized PRDII element, which is a part of the IFN-beta enhancer and which is known to bind to HMGA2. We also show that HMGA2/LPP activates transcription from the BAT-1 element of the rhodopsin promoter, a HMGA1-binding element. HMGA1 is a closely related family member of HMGA2. Finally, in a number of lipomas, HMGA2/LPP and HMGA2 are coexpressed, and HMGA2 augments the transactivation functions of HMGA2/LPP. These results support the concept that the transactivation functions of the novel HMGA2/LPP transcription factor contribute to lipomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen R M O Crombez
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Herestraat 49 bus 602, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Chau KY, Keane-Myers AM, Fedele M, Ikeda Y, Creusot RJ, Menozzi L, Cousins DJ, Manfioletti G, Feigenbaum L, Fusco A, Ono SJ. IFN-gamma gene expression is controlled by the architectural transcription factor HMGA1. Int Immunol 2005; 17:297-306. [PMID: 15710911 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time that IFNG gene expression requires high mobility group (HMG)A1, the architectural transcription factor mediating enhanceosome formation. This finding is supported by our direct studies of T cells isolated from the HMGA1-transgenic mice displaying an up-regulation of IFN-gamma production and of HMGA1-deficient mice exhibited a decreased IFN-gamma induction. In parallel transfection studies in EL4 cells, we observed elevated IFNG gene promoter activity in cells stably over-expressing HMGA1 and a reduction of such activity in cells expressing dominant-negative HMGA1. In vitro binding assays further demonstrated a specific interaction of HMGA1 to defined regions of the IFNG gene proximal promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London and Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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Boultwood J, Wainscoat JS. High-mobility group A (HMGA) genes: from solid to liquid tumours? Leukemia 2004; 19:195-6. [PMID: 15618962 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Boultwood
- LRF Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Kim KS, Thomsen H, Bastiaansen J, Nguyen NT, Dekkers JCM, Plastow GS, Rothschild MF. Investigation of obesity candidate genes on porcine fat deposition quantitative trait loci regions. Obes Res 2004; 12:1981-94. [PMID: 15687400 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate possible obesity candidate genes in regions of porcine quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fat deposition and obesity-related phenotypes. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Chromosome mapping and QTL analyses of obesity candidate genes were performed using DNA panels from a reference pig family. Statistical association analyses of these genes were performed for fat deposition phenotypes in several other commercial pig populations. RESULTS Eight candidate genes were mapped to QTL regions of pig chromosomes in this study. These candidate genes also served as anchor loci to determine homologous human chromosomal locations of pig fat deposition QTL. Preliminary analyses of relationships among polymorphisms of individual candidate genes and a variety of phenotypic measurements in a large number of pigs were performed. On the basis of available data, gene-gene interactions were also studied. DISCUSSION Comparative analysis of obesity-related genes in the pig is not only important for development of marker-assisted selection on growth and fat deposition traits in the pig but also provides for an understanding of their genetic roles in the development of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA
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Martinez Hoyos J, Fedele M, Battista S, Pentimalli F, Kruhoffer M, Arra C, Orntoft TF, Croce CM, Fusco A. Identification of the Genes Up- and Down-Regulated by the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Proteins. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5728-35. [PMID: 15313913 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatinic proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, however, by interacting with the transcription machinery, they regulate, negatively or positively, the expression of several genes. We searched for genes regulated by HMGA1 proteins using microarray analysis in embryonic stem (ES) cells bearing one or two disrupted hmga1 alleles. We identified 87 transcripts increased and 163 transcripts decreased of at least 4-fold in hmga1-/- ES cells. For some of them, a HMGA1-dose dependency was observed, because an intermediate level was observed in the heterozygous ES cells. When the expression analysis of these genes was extended to embryonic fibroblasts and adult tissues such as heart, spleen, and liver from hmga1-knockout mice, contrasting results were obtained. In fact, aside some genes showing the same HMGA1 regulation observed in ES cells, there were some genes that did not modify their expression, and others showing a HMGA1-mediated regulation but in an opposite direction. These results clearly indicate that HMGA1-mediated gene regulation depends on the cellular context. Finally for a couple of analyzed HMGA1-regulated genes, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a direct binding of HMGA1 proteins to their promoters, suggesting a HMGA1-direct regulation of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Martinez Hoyos
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare e/o Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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46
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Abstract
High-mobility-group (HMG) proteins are small and relatively abundant chromatin-associated proteins, which act as architectural factors. In plants, two groups of chromosomal HMG proteins have been identified, namely the HMGA family, typically containing four A/T-hook DNA-binding motifs, and the HMGB family, containing a single HMG-box DNA-binding domain. The HMGA proteins are structurally flexible and bind A/T-rich DNA stretches. By orchestrating multiple protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, they assist the formation of higher-order transcription factor complexes, regulating gene expression. The HMGB proteins bind DNA non-sequence-specifically, but specifically recognise DNA structures. Due to their remarkable DNA bending activity, they can enhance the structural flexibility of DNA, facilitating the assembly of nucleoprotein structures that control various DNA-dependent processes such as transcription and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus D Grasser
- Institute of Life Sciences, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) family of non-histone chromosomal proteins is encoded by two related genes, HMGA1 and HMGA2. HMGA proteins are architectural transcription factors that have been found to regulate the transcription of a large number of genes. They are also some of the most commonly dysregulated genes in human neoplasias, highlighting a role in growth control. HMGA1 and HMGA2 have also been found to stimulate retroviral integration in vitro. In this study, we have cloned chicken HMGA1, and used the chicken DT40 B-cell lymphoma line to generate cells lacking HMGA1, HMGA2 and both in combination. We tested these lines for effects on cellular growth, gene control and retroviral integration. Surprisingly, we found that the HMGA gene family is dispensable for growth in DT40 cells, and that there is no apparent defect in retroviral integration in the absence of HMGA1 or HMGA2. We also analyzed the activity of approximately 4000 chicken genes, but found no significant changes. We conclude that HMGA proteins are not strictly required for growth control or retroviral integration in DT40 cells and may well be redundant with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Beitzel
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Battista S, Pentimalli F, Baldassarre G, Fedele M, Fidanza V, Croce CM, Fusco A. Loss of Hmga1 gene function affects embryonic stem cell lympho-hematopoietic differentiation. FASEB J 2003; 17:1496-8. [PMID: 12824305 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0977fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with transcription machinery, high-mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) proteins alter the chromatin structure and thereby regulate the transcriptional activity of several genes. To assess their role in development, we studied the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells that bear one or both disrupted Hmga1 alleles. Here, we report that Hmga1 null ES cells generate fewer T-cell precursors than do wild-type ES cells. Indeed, they preferentially differentiate to B cells, probably consequent to decreased interleukin 2 expression and increased interleukin 6 expression. Moreover, a lack of HMGA1 expression induces changes in hemopoietic differentiation, i.e., a reduced monocyte/macrophage population and an increase in megakaryocyte precursor numbers, erythropoiesis, and globin gene expression. Re-expression of the Hmga1 gene in Hmga1 null ES cells restores the wild-type phenotype. The effect on megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineages seems, at least in part, mediated by the GATA-1 transcription factor, a key regulator of red blood cell differentiation. In fact, we found that Hmga1-/- ES cells overexpress GATA-1 and that HMGA1 proteins directly control GATA-1 transcription. Taken together, these data indicate that HMGA1 proteins play a prime role in lymphohematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Battista
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare c/o Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Pierantoni GM, Agosti V, Fedele M, Bond H, Caliendo I, Chiappetta G, Lo Coco F, Pane F, Turco MC, Morrone G, Venuta S, Fusco A. High-mobility group A1 proteins are overexpressed in human leukaemias. Biochem J 2003; 372:145-50. [PMID: 12573034 PMCID: PMC1223365 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2002] [Revised: 01/08/2003] [Accepted: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are non-histone nuclear proteins that bind DNA and several transcription factors. They are involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. HMGA protein expression is low in normal adult tissues, but abundant during embryonic development and in several human tumours. Rearrangements of the HMGA genes have been frequently detected in human benign tumours of mesenchymal origin, e.g. lipomas, lung hamartomas and uterine leiomiomas. HMGA proteins have been implicated in the control of cell growth and differentiation of the pre-adipocytic cell line 3T3-L1. In an attempt to better understand the role of HMGA1 proteins in haematological neoplasias and in the differentiation of haematopietic cells, we have investigated their expression in human leukaemias and in leukaemic cell lines induced to terminal differentiation. Here we report HMGA1 overexpression in most fresh human leukaemias of different origin and in several leukaemic cell lines. Moreover, differentiation of three cell lines towards the megakaryocytic phenotype was associated with HMGA1 protein induction, whereas induction of erythroid and monocytic differentiation generally resulted in reduced HMGA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Biology and Molecular/Cellular Pathology, c/o CNR Center for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Retroposed copies (RPCs) of genes are functional (intronless paralogs) or nonfunctional (processed pseudogenes) copies derived from mRNA through a process of retrotransposition. Previous studies found that gene families involved in mRNA translation or nuclear function were more likely to have large numbers of RPCs. Here we characterize RPCs of the few families coding for the abundant high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins in humans. Using an algorithm we developed, we identified and studied 219 HMG RPCs. For slightly more than 10% of these RPCs, we found evidence indicating expression. Furthermore, eight of these are potentially new members of the HMG families of proteins. For three RPCs, the evidence indicated expression as part of other transcripts; in all of these, we found the presence of alternative splicing or multiple polyadenylation signals. RPC distribution among the HMGs was not even, with 33-65 each for HMGB1, HMGB3, HMGN1, and HMGN2, and 0-6 each for HMGA1, HMGA2, HMGB2, and HMGN3. Analysis of the sequences flanking the RPCs revealed that the junction between the target site duplications and the 5'-flanking sequences exhibited the same TT/AAAA consensus found for the L1 endonuclease, supporting an L1-mediated retrotransposition mechanism. Finally, because our algorithm included aligning RPC flanking sequences with the corresponding HMG genomic sequence, we were able to identify transcribed regions of HMG genes that were not part of the published mRNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Z Strichman-Almashanu
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
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