1
|
Fei C, Liu L, Qi H, Peng Y, Han J, Wang C, Li X. Curdlan-Decorated Fullerenes Mitigate Immune-Mediated Hepatic Injury for Autoimmune Hepatitis Therapeutics via Reducing Macrophage Infiltration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:5536-5547. [PMID: 38267397 PMCID: PMC10860698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease whose standard of care is immunosuppressive treatment with inevitable undesired outcomes. Macrophage is acknowledged to aggravate liver damage, providing a promising AIH therapeutic target. Accordingly, in this study, a kind of curdlan-decorated fullerene nanoparticle (Cur-F) is fabricated to alleviate immune-mediated hepatic injury for treating AIH via reducing macrophage infiltration in a concanavalin A (Con A)-induced AIH mouse model. After intravenous administration, Cur-F primarily distributes in liver tissues, efficiently eliminates the excessive reactive oxygen species, significantly attenuates oxidative stress, and subsequently suppresses the nuclear factor kappa-B-gene binding (NF-κB) signal pathway, resulting in the lowered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the balancing of the immune homeostasis with the prevention of macrophage infiltration in the liver. The regulation of hepatic inflammation contributes to inhibiting inflammatory cytokines-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, decreasing the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents and thus ameliorating immune-mediated hepatic injury. Notably, there is no detectable toxicity to the body. Our findings may open up novel avenues for AIH based on curdlan and fullerene materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Fei
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hedong Qi
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfen Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romano-Munive AF, Moctezuma-Velázquez C, Sauma-Rodríguez J, Ramos-Martínez P, Torre-Delgadillo A. CD138 immunohistochemistry identifies more plasma cells compared with hematoxylin and eosin staining in autoimmune hepatitis. An observational study. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2024; 89:52-56. [PMID: 36973120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is associated with periportal infiltration by plasma cells. Plasma cell detection is routinely performed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The present study aimed to assess the utility of CD138, an immunohistochemical plasma cell marker, in the evaluation of AIH. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted, in which cases consistent with AIH, within the time frame of 2001 and 2011, were collected. Routine H&E-stained sections were used for evaluation. CD138 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect plasma cells. RESULTS Sixty biopsies were included. In the H&E group, the median and interquartile range (IQR) was 6 (4-9) plasma cells/high power field (HPF) and was 10 (IQR 6-20) plasma cells/HPF in the CD138 group (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the number of plasma cells determined by H&E and CD138 (p = 0.31, p = 0.01). No significant correlation was found between the number of plasma cells determined by CD138 and IgG level (p = 0.21, p = 0.09) or stage of fibrosis (p = 0.12, p = 0.35), or between IgG level and stage of fibrosis (p = 0.17, p = 0.17). No significant correlation was found between the treatment response and the number of plasma cells determined by H&E (p = 0.11, p = 0.38), CD138 (p = 0.07, p = 0.55), or stage of fibrosis (p = 0.16, p = 0.20). CD138 expression was different between the treatment response groups (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION CD138 increased the detection of plasma cells in liver biopsies of patients with AIH, when compared with routine H&E staining. However, there was no correlation between the number of plasma cells determined by CD138 and serum IgG levels, stage of fibrosis, or response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Romano-Munive
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - C Moctezuma-Velázquez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - P Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Patología, INCMNSZ, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Torre-Delgadillo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai X, Chen T, Li Y, Ge X, Qiu C, Gou H, Wei S, Liu T, Yang W, Yang L, Liang Y, Jia Z, Lv L, Li T. PD-L1 expression levels in mesenchymal stromal cells predict their therapeutic values for autoimmune hepatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:370. [PMID: 38111045 PMCID: PMC10729378 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory hepatic disorder with no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising treatment owing to their unique advantages. However, their heterogeneity is hampering use in clinical applications. METHODS Wharton's jelly derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) were isolated from 58 human donors using current good manufacturing practice conditions. Gene expression profiles of the WJ-MSCs were analyzed by transcriptome and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and subsequent functional differences were assessed. Expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were used as an indicator to screen WJ-MSCs with varied immunomodulation activities and assessed their corresponding therapeutic effects in a mouse model of concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis. RESULTS The 58 different donor-derived WJ-MSCs were grouped into six gene expression profile clusters. The gene in different clusters displayed obvious variations in cell proliferation, differentiation bias, trophic factor secretion, and immunoregulation. Data of scRNA-seq revealed four distinct WJ-MSCs subpopulations. Notably, the different immunosuppression capacities of WJ-MSCs were positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. WJ-MSCs with high expression of PD-L1 were therapeutically superior to WJ-MSCs with low PD-L1 expression in treating autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression levels of WJ-MSCs could be regarded as an indicator to choose optimal MSCs for treating autoimmune disease. These findings provided novel insights into the quality control of MSCs and will inform improvements in the therapeutic benefits of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofan Ge
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caie Qiu
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huili Gou
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sili Wei
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liting Yang
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhansheng Jia
- Department of Infection and Liver Disease, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangshan Lv
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, , 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Xi'an ChaoYue Stem Cell Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang F, Xiao L, Yang Y, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Ji F, Tang S, Li L. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells alleviate autoimmune hepatitis via JNK/MAPK signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Front Med 2023; 17:534-548. [PMID: 37010727 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe globally distributed liver disease that could occur at any age. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have shown therapeutic effect in acute lung injury and liver failure. However, their role in the curative effect of AIH remains unclear. Here, a classic AIH mouse model was constructed through intravenous injection with concanavalin A (Con A). MenSCs were intravenously injected while Con A injection in the treatment groups. The results showed that the mortality by Con A injection was significantly decreased by MenSCs treatment and liver function tests and histological analysis were also ameliorated. The results of phosphoproteomic analysis and RNA-seq revealed that MenSCs improved AIH, mainly by apoptosis and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein signaling pathways. Apoptosis analysis demonstrated that the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 was increased by Con A injection and reduced by MenSCs transplantation, consistent with the TUNEL staining results. An AML12 co-culture system and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) were used to verify the JNK/MAPK and apoptosis signaling pathways. These findings suggested that MenSCs could be a promising strategy for AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shima Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang F, Zhou L, Shen Y, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Men R, Fan X, Yang L. Metabolic heterogeneity caused by HLA-DRB1*04:05 and protective effect of inosine on autoimmune hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982186. [PMID: 35990653 PMCID: PMC9389112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an autoimmune disease caused by disruption of liver immune homeostasis. Genetic studies have revealed the predisposition of AIH with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Recently, metabolomics integrated with genomics has identified many genetic loci of biomedical interest. However, there is no related report in AIH. In the present study, we found that HLA-DRB1*04:05 was linked to the clinical features and prognosis of AIH in Chinese patients. Furthermore, our patients were divided into DRB1*04:05 positive and DRB1*04:05 negative groups and the metabolic profiling was done by HPLC/MS. We chose inosine, one of the highly altered metabolites, to explore the effect on an acute severe hepatitis murine model. The results showed that inosine treatment attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant ability and inhibited the activation and glycolysis of CD4+ T cell. We propose that inosine participates in the regulation of AIH through its protective effect on hepatocytes and inhibition of overactivated immune cells, which might provide a potential novel approach in treating acute form of AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- *Correspondence: Li Yang, ; Xiaoli Fan,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fasano R, Malerba E, Prete M, Solimando AG, Buonavoglia A, Silvestris N, Leone P, Racanelli V. Impact of Antigen Presentation Mechanisms on Immune Response in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814155. [PMID: 35116039 PMCID: PMC8804214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a very tolerogenic organ. It is continually exposed to a multitude of antigens and is able to promote an effective immune response against pathogens and simultaneously immune tolerance against self-antigens. In spite of strong peripheral and central tolerogenic mechanisms, loss of tolerance can occur in autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) through a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and an imbalance in immunological regulatory mechanisms. The liver hosts several types of conventional resident antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages (Kupffer cells), and unconventional APCs including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes. By standard (direct presentation and cross-presentation) and alternative mechanisms (cross-dressing and MHC class II-dressing), liver APCs presents self-antigen to naive T cells in the presence of costimulation leading to an altered immune response that results in liver injury and inflammation. Additionally, the transport of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes by trogocytosis and extracellular vesicles between different cells in the liver contributes to enhance antigen presentation and amplify autoimmune response. Here, we focus on the impact of antigen presentation on the immune response in the liver and on the functional role of the immune cells in the induction of liver inflammation. A better understanding of these key pathogenic aspects could facilitate the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies in AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fasano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vito Racanelli,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Tian H, Kang Y, Tian Y, Li L, Kang X, Yang H, Wang Y, Tian J, Zhang F, Tong M, Cai H, Fan W. Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108863. [PMID: 34517094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated type of chronic liver inflammation accompanied by intestinal flora imbalance. Probiotics have been reported to ameliorate imbalances in the intestinal flora. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotic in the AIH mouse model. AIH mice were gavaged with compound probiotic and injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone (dex) for 42 days. The results showed that these treatments suppressed hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, serum transaminase, and Th1 and Th17 cells. However, Treg cells were increased only in the probiotics group, which indicates an immunomodulatory role of the compound probiotic. The compound probiotic maintained intestinal barrier integrity, blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, and inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the production of inflammatory factors in the liver and ileum. Moreover, the compound probiotic treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria in gut. Compound probiotic may improve ileal barrier function while increasing the diversity of the intestinal flora, blocking the translocation of gut-derived LPS to the liver and therefore preventing activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The resulting inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor production facilitates AIH remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li B, Lian M, Li Y, Qian Q, Zhang J, Liu Q, Tang R, Ma X. Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells Deficient in Liver X Receptor α Protected From Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732102. [PMID: 34512667 PMCID: PMC8427166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) emerge as a promising candidate for the immunotherapy of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, targets for modulating MDSC in AIH are still being searched. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important nuclear receptors linking lipid metabolism and immune responses. Despite the extensive studies of LXR in myeloid compartment, its role in MDSCs is currently less understood. Herein, expression of LXRα was found to be upregulated in AIH patients and colocalized with hepatic MDSCs. In ConA-induced hepatitis, deletion of LXRα led to increased expansion of MDSCs in the liver and alleviated the hepatic injury. MDSCs in LXRα-/- mice exhibited enhanced proliferation and survival comparing with WT mice. T-cell proliferation assay and adoptive cell transfer experiment validated the potent immunoregulatory role of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MDSCs from LXRα-/- mice possessed significantly lower expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF-8), a key negative regulator of MDSC differentiation. Transcriptional activation of IRF-8 by LXRα was further demonstrated. Conclusion We reported that abrogation of LXRα facilitated the expansion of MDSCs via downregulating IRF-8, and thereby ameliorated hepatic immune injury profoundly. Our work highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting LXRα in AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiong Ma
- *Correspondence: Xiong Ma, ; Ruqi Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buitrago-Molina LE, Dywicki J, Noyan F, Schepergerdes L, Pietrek J, Lieber M, Schlue J, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Hardtke-Wolenski M. Anti-CD20 Therapy Alters the Protein Signature in Experimental Murine AIH, but Not Exclusively towards Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061471. [PMID: 34208308 PMCID: PMC8231180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires lifelong immunosuppression. Frequent recurrences after the discontinuation of therapy indicate that intrahepatic immune regulation is not restored by current treatments. Studies of other autoimmune diseases suggest that temporary depletion of B cells can improve disease progression in the long term. Methods: We tested a single administration of anti-CD20 antibodies to reduce B cells and the amount of IgG to induce intrahepatic immune tolerance. We used our experimental murine AIH (emAIH) model and treated the mice with anti-CD20 during the late stage of the disease. Results: After treatment, the mice showed the expected reductions in B cells and serum IgGs, but no improvements in pathology. However, all treated animals showed a highly altered serum protein expression pattern, which was a balance between inflammation and regeneration. Conclusions: In conclusion, anti-CD20 therapy did not produce clinically measurable results because it triggered inflammation, as well as regeneration, at the proteomic level. This finding suggests that anti-CD20 is ineffective as a sole treatment for AIH or emAIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Janine Dywicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Fatih Noyan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Julia Pietrek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Maren Lieber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Jerome Schlue
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-6081; Fax: +49-201-723-6915
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasaki Y, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Oritani K, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. Pivotal Role of Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 in Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1898-1901. [PMID: 34853275 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein involved in inflammatory and immune responses, such as inflammatory bowel disease and allergic responses. In this study, we investigated the role of STAP-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. After intravenous injection of concanavalin A (ConA), STAP-2 knock out (KO) mice showed more severe liver necrosis along with substantial lymphocyte infiltration compared to wild type (WT) mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in ConA-injected STAP-2 KO mice than in WT mice. Levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), an important factor for liver necrosis, were also significantly increased in sera of STAP-2 KO mice compared to WT mice after ConA injection. Statistically significant upregulation of Fas ligand (FasL) expression was observed in the livers of ConA-injected STAP-2 KO mice compared to WT mice. In accordance with these results, apoptotic signals were facilitated in STAP-2 KO mice compared to WT mice after ConA injection. Correctively, these results suggest that STAP-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis by regulating the expression of FasL and the production of IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buitrago-Molina LE, Pietrek J, Noyan F, Schlue J, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Jaeckel E. Treg-specific IL-2 therapy can reestablish intrahepatic immune regulation in autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102591. [PMID: 33387980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires life-long immunosuppression. Frequent relapses after discontinuation of therapy indicate that intrahepatic immune regulation is not restored by current therapies. As steroid therapy preferentially depletes intrahepatic regulatory T cell (Tregs), immune regulation might be re-established by increasing and functionally strengthening intrahepatic Tregs. In recent clinical trials with low dose IL-2, the Treg compartment was strengthened in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we tested complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 to increase the selectivity for Tregs. We used our model of experimental murine AIH (emAIH) and treated the mice with complexed IL-2/anti-Il-2 in the late course of the disease. The mice showed increased intrahepatic and systemic Treg numbers after treatment and a reduction in activated, intrahepatic effector T cells (Teffs). This resulted in a reduction in liver-specific ALT levels and a molecular pattern similar to that of healthy individuals. In conclusion, complexed IL-2/anti-IL-2 restored the balance between Tregs and Teffs within the liver, thereby improving the course of emAIH. Treg-specific IL-2 augmentation offers new hope for reestablishing immune tolerance in patients with AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Pietrek
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fatih Noyan
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerome Schlue
- Inst. of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Migita K, Nakamura M, Aiba Y, Kozuru H, Abiru S, Komori A, Fujita Y, Temmoku J, Asano T, Sato S, Furuya M, Naganuma A, Yoshizawa K, Shimada M, Ario K, Mannami T, Kohno H, Kaneyoshi T, Komura T, Ohira H, Yatsuhashi H. Association of soluble T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 (sTIM-3) and mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238540. [PMID: 33347507 PMCID: PMC7751864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology in which immune-mediated liver injury progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether circulating soluble TIM3 (sTIM3) is elevated in patients with AIH patients and whether sTIM-3 levels are associated with clinical parameters of AIH. Methods We enrolled 123 Japanese patients with AIH who were identified from the National Hospital Organization–AIH-liver–network database, as well as 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 30 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and healthy control subjects. Serum sTIM-3 concentrations were quantified by ELISA. Results Serum levels of sTIM-3 were significantly higher in AIH patients (median 4865 pg/ml; [interquartile range (IQR); 3122–7471]) compared to those in CHC (1026 pg/ml [IQR: 806–1283] p<0.001), PBC (2395 pg/ml [IQR: 2012–3422] p<0.001) or healthy controls (1285 pg/ml [IQR: 1098–1812] p<0.001). In AIH group, serum sTIM-3 were correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or total bilirubin (TB) and negatively correlated with serum levels of albumin (Alb). Serum levels of sTIM-3 were also strongly correlated with Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels, but did not correlate with the histological grade of liver fibrosis. Steroid treatment of AIH patients significantly reduced serum sTIM-3 levels (2147±623pg/ml versus 1321±378pg/ml, p<0.001). Conclusions Circulating sTIM-3 levels were elevated in AIH patients and are associated with AIH disease activity and AIH-related liver damage. These findings indicate that serum sTIM-3 correlated with disease status of AIH and could be useful biomarkers to detect autoimmune-mediated liver injury. Our data suggest a possible link between the TIM-3/GAL-9 pathway and AIH severity or phenotype, and further investigations of the TIM-3 pathway and AIH pathophysiology is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Migita
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Aiba
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideko Kozuru
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Seigo Abiru
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Komori
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makiko Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- National Hospital Organization, Takasaki Medical Center, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kaname Yoshizawa
- National Hospital Organization, Shinsyu-Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shimada
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ario
- National Hospital Organization, Ureshino Medical Center, Ureshino, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Mannami
- National Hospital Organization, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohno
- National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kaneyoshi
- National Hospital Organization, Fukuyama Medical Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Komura
- National Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Xu J, Wang C, Li J, Wang Q, Kuang H, Yang B, Chen R, Luo Z. Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides obtained via optimized extraction treat experimental autoimmune hepatitis effectively. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1554-1564. [PMID: 32735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extraction process of Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides (PRAP) was optimized as the liquid-solid ratio of 10.65 mL/g, the extraction time of 2.10 h, and the 2 extraction repetitions through a response surface methodology. The chemical profiles of the obtained PRAP were characterized by measuring the contents of total carbohydrates, total phenolics, uronic acid and protein, and by analyzing the FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition. To determine the therapeutic effects of PRAP on experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH), we established an EAH mice model. After treated with PRAP, liver and spleen injuries were reduced, and hepatocyte regeneration and liver function were improved. Further study of the mechanism by which PRAP treats EAH showed that PRAP significantly inhibited oxidative stress in the livers of EAH model mice. More importantly, PRAP inhibited immune inflammatory reactions in EAH model mice, including the hepatic infiltration of inflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as overexpression of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiazhi Xu
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianchun Li
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rongying Chen
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Szekerczés T, Gógl A, Illyés I, Mandl J, Borka K, Kiss A, Schaff Z, Lendvai G, Werling K. Autophagy, Mitophagy and MicroRNA Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C and Autoimmune Hepatitis. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2143-2151. [PMID: 32124227 PMCID: PMC7471137 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of autophagy has been implicated in several forms of chronic hepatitis, it is still not fully understood. Active autophagy eliminates damaged molecules and organelles (such as mitochondria) by lysosomal degradation. In the present study, we aimed to examine and compare autophagy activity in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) by detecting the expression of autophagy (LC3 and p62) and mitochondrium-related (TOMM20) proteins, as well as the levels of selected microRNAs (miR-101, -155, -204 and - 224) known to be involved in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, the expression levels were related to pathohistological parameters. Liver biopsy samples, including 45 CHC and 18 AIH cases, were immunohistochemically stained for LC3, p62 and TOMM20 and the expression of miRNAs was determined using real-time PCR. We found elevated LC3 and p62 in AIH samples as compared with CHC ones, indicating an activated autophagy that is impaired in AIH as no degradation of p62 seemed to occur. Moreover, p62 showed strong correlation with necroinflammatory grades in the AIH group. The observed elevated levels of TOMM20 and p62 suggest a less efficient elimination of damaged mitochondria in AIH as opposed to CHC, in which autophagy seems to have a more active function. The level of miR-101 was increased in case of CHC as compared with AIH, however, miR-155, -204 and 224 resulted in no expressional. Furthermore, miR-224 level correlated with steatosis and miR-155 expression with fibrosis stage in CHC. In conclusion, dissimilar autophagic activity was observed in CHC and AIH, suggesting a close association between impaired autophagy and severity of necroinflammation. This impairment may not be regulated by the analyzed miRNAs. Nevertheless, miR-224 and - 155 seem to be associated with CHC progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/surgery
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/genetics
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/surgery
- Humans
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Mitophagy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Szekerczés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alíz Gógl
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Illyés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Mandl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Borka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Schaff
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lendvai
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Klára Werling
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He F, Antonucci L, Yamachika S, Zhang Z, Taniguchi K, Umemura A, Hatzivassiliou G, Roose-Girma M, Reina-Campos M, Duran A, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Sun B, Karin M. NRF2 activates growth factor genes and downstream AKT signaling to induce mouse and human hepatomegaly. J Hepatol 2020; 72:1182-1195. [PMID: 32105670 PMCID: PMC8054878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatomegaly can be triggered by insulin and insulin-unrelated etiologies. Insulin acts via AKT, but how other challenges cause hepatomegaly is unknown. METHODS Since many hepatomegaly-inducing toxicants and stressors activate NRF2, we examined the effect of NRF2 activation on liver size and metabolism using a conditional allele encoding a constitutively active NRF2 variant to generate Nrf2Act-hep mice in which NRF2 is selectively activated in hepatocytes. We also used adenoviruses encoding variants of the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1, which activates liver NRF2, as well as liver-specific ATG7-deficient mice (Atg7Δhep) and liver specimens from patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). RNA sequencing and cell signaling analyses were used to determine cellular consequences of NRF2 activation and diverse histological analyses were used to study effects of the different manipulations on liver and systemic pathophysiology. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific NRF2 activation, due to p62 accumulation or inhibition of KEAP1 binding, led to hepatomegaly associated with enhanced glycogenosis, steatosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, fostering hyperplasia without cell division. Surprisingly, all manipulations that led to NRF2 activation also activated AKT, whose inhibition blocked NRF2-induced hepatomegaly and glycogenosis, but not NRF2-dependent antioxidant gene induction. AKT activation was linked to NRF2-mediated transcriptional induction of PDGF and EGF receptor ligands that signaled through their cognate receptors in an autocrine manner. Insulin and insulin-like growth factors were not involved. The NRF2-AKT signaling axis was also activated in human HSOS- and AIH-related hepatomegaly. CONCLUSIONS NRF2, a transcription factor readily activated by xenobiotics, oxidative stress and autophagy disruptors, may be a common mediator of hepatomegaly; its effects on hepatic metabolism can be reversed by AKT/tyrosine kinase inhibitors. LAY SUMMARY Hepatomegaly can be triggered by numerous etiological factors, including infections, liver cancer, metabolic disturbances, toxicant exposure, as well as alcohol abuse or drug-induced hepatitis. This study identified the oxidative stress response transcription factor NRF2 as a common mediator of hepatomegaly. NRF2 activation results in elevated expression of several growth factors. These growth factors are made by hepatocytes and activate their receptors in an autocrine fashion to stimulate the accumulation of glycogen and lipids that lead to hepatocyte and liver enlargement. The protein kinase AKT plays a key role in this process and its inhibition leads to reversal of hepatomegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shinichiro Yamachika
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdallah RA, Shaban MI, Taie DM, Asaad NY, Badr AHAEB. Relation Between Immunohistochemical Expression of Hippo Pathway Effectors and Chronic Hepatitis Induced Fibrosis in Egyptian Patients. Turk Patoloji Derg 2020; 36:48-63. [PMID: 31282549 PMCID: PMC10512671 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2019.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hepatitis is a global health problem especially in Egypt. Hepatic fibrosis is a common end clinical manifestation of many chronic liver diseases. Although it is a wound-healing process, excessive accumulation of fibrillary collagen leads to architectural damage, cirrhosis and liver failure. Recently, a few studies have linked Hippo pathway effectors of yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) to extracellular matrix deposition and ongoing fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD Immunohistochemical expression of YAP and TAZ were analyzed in 121 liver needle core biopsies (91 core biopsies of chronic viral hepatitis, 20 biopsies of autoimmune hepatitis and 10 normal liver cores). RESULTS YAP and TAZ nuclear localization was absent in all normal liver cores. Autoimmune hepatitis cases showed higher nuclear expression of both YAP and TAZ in comparison to chronic viral cases. YAP and TAZ expression were correlated with severity of hepatocyte injury together with fibrosis in chronic viral cases but these correlations were absent in AIH cases despite the pronounced increase of YAP and TAZ nuclear localization. CONCLUSION The correlation between Hippo effectors activation and fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis patients emphasize their role in the development and advancement of hepatic scarring and highlight the use of both YAP and TAZ as novel targets to ameliorate liver fibrosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/analysis
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Egypt
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infant
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/analysis
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doha Maher Taie
- Department of Pathology, Menoufia University, Liver Institute, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nancy Youssef Asaad
- Department of Pathology, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuoka N, Kozuru H, Koga T, Abiru S, Yamasaki K, Komori A, Fujita Y, Tenmoku J, Asano T, Sato S, Suzuki E, Furuya M, Kobayashi H, Watanabe H, Naganuma A, Yoshizawa K, Shimada M, Ario K, Yamashita H, Kohno H, Kaneyoshi T, Nakamura M, Furukawa H, Takahashi A, Kawakami A, Ohira H, Yatsuhashi H, Migita K. Galectin-9 in autoimmune hepatitis: Correlation between serum levels of galectin-9 and M2BPGi in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16924. [PMID: 31464928 PMCID: PMC6736219 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology in which immune-mediated liver damage progresses to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mainstay therapy for AIH is steroids and other immunosuppressive treatments. Currently, there are no validated markers for monitoring immune-mediated hepatic inflammation. Galectin-9 has recently been identified as a potential biomarker in patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether Galectin-9 and other serum proteins are associated with active disease in AIH patients.We enrolled 77 Japanese patients with well-documented AIH who were identified from the National Hospital Organization-AIH-liver-network database, as well as 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 27 patients with SLE, and 17 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of galectin-9, and markers of liver injury were measured and compared between groups.Serum levels of galectin-9 were significantly higher in AIH patients than in CHC patients (13.8 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 8.9 ± 3.0 ng/mL, P < .001) or healthy controls (13.8 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 5.0 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P < .001). In AIH group, serum galectin-9 levels weakly correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels or total bilirubin (TB) and strongly correlated with C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels, but did not correlate with the histological grade of liver fibrosis. Steroid treatment of AIH patients significantly reduced serum galectin-9 levels (14.1 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 8.3 ± 3.8 ng/mL, P < .001). SLE patients exhibited higher galectin-9 levels, whereas the galectin-9 levels did not correlate with liver function tests such as alanine aminotransferase levels.Serum galectin-9 correlated with disease status in AIH patients and could thus be useful biomarkers to detect hepatic autoimmunity. Because circulating galectin-9 reflects autoimmune-mediated inflammation, it may have additional utility as a biomarker for other autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuoka
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Hideko Kozuru
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | - Seigo Abiru
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki
| | | | | | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Junpei Tenmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Makiko Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- National Hospital Organization, Takasaki Medical Center, Takasaki
| | - Kaname Yoshizawa
- National Hospital Organization, Shinsyu-Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Nagano
| | - Masaaki Shimada
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Keisuke Ario
- National Hospital Organization, Ureshino Medical Center, Ureshino, Saga
| | | | - Hiroshi Kohno
- National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center, Kure
| | - Toshihiko Kaneyoshi
- National Hospital Organization, Fukuyama Medical Center, Fukuyama, Hiroshima
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blossom SJ, Fernandes L, Bai S, Khare S, Gokulan K, Yuan Y, Dewall M, Simmen FA, Gilbert KM. Opposing Actions of Developmental Trichloroethylene and High-Fat Diet Coexposure on Markers of Lipogenesis and Inflammation in Autoimmune-Prone Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:313-327. [PMID: 29669109 PMCID: PMC6016708 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread environmental pollutant associated with immunotoxicity and autoimmune disease. Previous studies showed that mice exposed from gestation through early life demonstrated CD4+ T cell alterations and autoimmune hepatitis. Determining the role of one environmental risk factor for any disease is complicated by the presence of other stressors. Based on its known effects, we hypothesized that developmental overnutrition in the form of a moderately high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of 40% kcal fat would exacerbate the immunotoxicity and autoimmune-promoting effects of low-level (<10 μg/kg/day) TCE in autoimmune-prone MRL+/+ mice over either stressor alone. When female offspring were evaluated at 27 weeks of age we found that a continuous exposure beginning at 4 weeks preconception in the dams until 10 weeks of age in offspring that TCE and HFD promoted unique effects that were often antagonistic. For a number of adiposity endpoints, TCE significantly reversed the expected effects of HFD on expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis/insulin resistance, as well as mean pathology scores of steatosis. Although none of the animals developed pathological signs of autoimmune hepatitis, the mice generated unique patterns of antiliver antibodies detected by western blotting attributable to TCE exposure. A majority of cytokines in liver, gut, and splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly altered by TCE, but not HFD. Levels of bacterial populations in the intestinal ileum were also altered by TCE exposure rather than HFD. Thus, in contrast to our expectations this coexposure did not promote synergistic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Lorenzo Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Shasha Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | | | - Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diestelhorst J, Junge N, Schlue J, Falk CS, Manns MP, Baumann U, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. Pediatric autoimmune hepatitis shows a disproportionate decline of regulatory T cells in the liver and of IL-2 in the blood of patients undergoing therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181107. [PMID: 28700730 PMCID: PMC5507441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic hepatitis driven by the adaptive immunity that affects all age groups. A functional and numerical regulatory T cell (Treg) defect has been reported in pediatric AIH (pAIH), while an intrahepatic increase in adult AIH (aAIH) patients has been detected in current research findings. METHODS Therefore, we quantified the intrahepatic numbers of Treg, T and B cells, as well as serum cytokine levels before and during therapy in pAIH. RESULTS We found a disproportional intrahepatic enrichment of Tregs in untreated pAIH compared to pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The increase of Treg/total T cells was even more pronounced than in aAIH due to fewer infiltrating T and B cells. Portal densities of Treg, as well as total T and B cells, declined significantly during therapy. However, portal Treg densities decreased disproportionately, leading to even decreasing ratios of Treg to T and B cells during therapy. Out of 28 serum cytokines IL-2 showed the strongest (10fold) decrease under therapy. This decline of IL-2 was associated with decreasing intrahepatic Treg numbers under therapy. None of the baseline T and B cell infiltration parameters were associated with the subsequent treatment response in pAIH. CONCLUSIONS Intrahepatic Tregs are rather enriched in untreated pAIH. The disproportional decrease of Tregs during therapy may be caused by a decrease of IL-2 levels. New therapies should, therefore, aim in strengthening intrahepatic immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Diestelhorst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Junge
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerome Schlue
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology and Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Webb G, Chen YY, Li KK, Neil D, Oo YH, Richter A, Bigley V, Collin M, Adams DH, Hirschfield GM. Single-gene association between GATA-2 and autoimmune hepatitis: A novel genetic insight highlighting immunologic pathways to disease. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1190-1193. [PMID: 26812071 PMCID: PMC4824751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), an immune-mediated liver disease, originates as a consequence of interacting genetic and environmental risk factors. Treatment remains non-specific and prone to side effects. Deficiencies in regulatory T cell (Treg) function are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of AIH. Methods We describe an adult patient who presented with AIH in the context of monocytopenia. The patient was characterized by GATA2 gene sequencing, flow cytometry of peripheral blood for leucocyte subsets, ELISA for serum Flt-3 ligand, and immunohistochemistry of liver biopsy tissue. Results Sequencing confirmed a GATA2 mutation. Peripheral Treg were absent in the context of a preserved total T cell count. Immunostaining for the Treg transcription factor FOXP3 was reduced in liver tissue as compared to a control AIH specimen. There were marked deficiencies in multiple antigen-presenting cell subsets and Flt-3 ligand was elevated. These findings are consistent with previous reports of GATA2 dysfunction. Conclusions The association of a GATA2 mutation with AIH is previously unrecognized. GATA2 encodes a hematopoietic cell transcription factor, and mutations may manifest as monocytopenia, dendritic and B cell deficiencies, myelodysplasia, and immunodeficiency. Tregs may be depleted as in this case. Our findings provide support for the role of Tregs in AIH, complement reports of other deficiencies in T cell regulation causing AIH-like syndromes, and support the rationale of attempting to modulate the Treg axis for the therapeutic benefit of AIH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym Webb
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yung-Yi Chen
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ka-Kit Li
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Desley Neil
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Matthew Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amathieu R, Triba MN, Goossens C, Bouchemal N, Nahon P, Savarin P, Le Moyec L. Nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomics and liver diseases: Recent advances and future clinical applications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:417-426. [PMID: 26755887 PMCID: PMC4698504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is defined as the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification. It is an “omics” technique that is situated downstream of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Metabolomics is recognized as a promising technique in the field of systems biology for the evaluation of global metabolic changes. During the last decade, metabolomics approaches have become widely used in the study of liver diseases for the detection of early biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways. It is a powerful technique to improve our pathophysiological knowledge of various liver diseases. It can be a useful tool to help clinicians in the diagnostic process especially to distinguish malignant and non-malignant liver disease as well as to determine the etiology or severity of the liver disease. It can also assess therapeutic response or predict drug induced liver injury. Nevertheless, the usefulness of metabolomics is often not understood by clinicians, especially the concept of metabolomics profiling or fingerprinting. In the present work, after a concise description of the different techniques and processes used in metabolomics, we will review the main research on this subject by focusing specifically on in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy based metabolomics approaches in human studies. We will first consider the clinical point of view enlighten physicians on this new approach and emphasis its future use in clinical “routine”.
Collapse
|
22
|
an Haack I, Derkow K, Riehn M, Rentinck MN, Kühl AA, Lehnardt S, Schott E. The Role of Regulatory CD4 T Cells in Maintaining Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Hepatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143715. [PMID: 26599014 PMCID: PMC4658037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg) in immune-mediated liver disease is still under debate. It remains disputed whether Treg suppress T cell-mediated hepatitis in vivo and whether hepatic regulatory T cells are functional in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Methods We used TF-OVA mice, which express ovalbumin in hepatocytes, to investigate the impact of Treg in a model of autoimmune hepatitis. Treg isolated from inflamed livers of TF-OVA mice were tested for their functionality in vitro. By employing double transgenic TF-OVAxDEREG (DEpletion of REGulatory T cells) mice we analyzed whether Treg-depletion aggravates autoimmune inflammation in the liver in vivo. Results CD25+Foxp3+ CD4 T cells accumulated in the liver in the course of CD8 T cell-mediated hepatitis. Treg isolated from inflamed livers were functional to suppress CD8 T-cell proliferation in vitro. Depletion of Treg in TF-OVAxDEREG mice dramatically amplified T cell-mediated hepatitis. Repeated administration of antigen-specific CD8 T cells led to a second wave of inflammation only after depletion of Treg. Conclusion Our data add to the evidence for an important role of Treg in autoimmune hepatitis and show that Treg reduce the severity of T-cell mediated hepatitis in vivo. They constitute a key immune cell population that actively maintains a tolerogenic milieu in the liver and protects the liver against repeated inflammatory challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ira an Haack
- Dept. of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Derkow
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Riehn
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc-Nicolas Rentinck
- Dept. of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Dept. of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology/Research Center ImmunoSciences, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Schott
- Dept. of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Golovanova EV, Lazebnik LB, Konev YV, Radchenko VG, Seliverstov PV, Sitkin SI, Tkachenko EI. [AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT. GUIDELINES WERE APPROVED BY THE XV GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN 2015]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2015:97-107. [PMID: 26817128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The group of liver autoimmune diseases (LAD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) The guidelines on clinical diagnosis and management of patients based on a review and analysis of recent publications on this topic in the global and domestic literature and on the authors'experience in treating patients with autoimmune liver disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen M, Lu J, Cheng P, Lin C, Dai W, Wang F, Wang C, Zhang Y, Chen K, Xu L, Zhou Y, Guo C. Ethyl pyruvate pretreatment attenuates concanavalin a-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87977. [PMID: 24498418 PMCID: PMC3912171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological Relevance Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger, has been reported to contribute to the inflammatory process. However, the protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis have not been explored. Thus, the aims of this study are to investigate both the effects of ethyl pyruvate and its mechanism of protection on Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Materials and Methods Acute autoimmune hepatitis was induced by Con A (20 mg/kg) in Balb/C mice; ethyl pyruvate (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) was administrated 1h prior to the Con A injection. At 3h, 6h and 24h post Con A injection, histological grading, proinflammatory cytokine levels and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity were determined. Results Following Con A challenge, cytokines TNF-α, IL-2, IL-1β and IL-6 were expressed at 3h and 6h, and the level of HMGB1 significantly increased by 24h. Pretreatment with ethyl pyruvate ameliorated the pathological effects of Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis and significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-1β at 3h and 6h and the level of HMGB1 at 6h and 24h post injection. Ethyl pyruvate blocked the degradation of IκB α and IκB β and decreased the expression of NF-κB at 24h. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicated that ethyl pyruvate protected against Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by decreasing both early (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-1β and IL-6) and late (HMGB1) cytokine expression in mice. The reduction of HMGB1 may correlate with the amelioration of NF-κB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
| | - Yinqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y. Zhou); (CG)
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, People‘s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y. Zhou); (CG)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qi N, Liu P, Zhang Y, Wu H, Chen Y, Han D. Development of a spontaneous liver disease resembling autoimmune hepatitis in mice lacking tyro3, axl and mer receptor tyrosine kinases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66604. [PMID: 23799121 PMCID: PMC3684578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe type of chronic liver disease. The lack of appropriate animal models has resulted in a limited understanding regarding the etiology of AIH. Here, we demonstrated that mice deficient in Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) developed persistent inflammatory liver damage resembling AIH. Tyro3−/−Axl−/−Mer−/− triple mutant (TAM−/−) mice exhibited chronic hepatitis, manifested by progressive appearance of interface hepatitis, immune cell infiltrations and elevated inflammatory cytokine levels in the liver. Accordingly, increased levels of transaminases were observed. Moreover, characteristic autoantibodies and high levels of plasma immunoglobulin G for AIH were detected as TAM−/− mice aged. Finally, we provided evidence that the liver damage in TAM−/− mice mainly result from bone marrow-derived cells and could be rescued by transplantation of WT bone marrow cells. Results suggest that TAM RTKs play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peiseler M, Sebode M, Franke B, Wortmann F, Schwinge D, Quaas A, Baron U, Olek S, Wiegard C, Lohse AW, Weiler-Normann C, Schramm C, Herkel J. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis are fully functional and not reduced in frequency. J Hepatol 2012; 57:125-32. [PMID: 22425700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is not understood, but it was suggested that AIH may be related to a numerical or functional impairment of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which are important mediators of immune tolerance to self-antigens. However, the role of Treg in AIH is not clear, since earlier studies reporting Treg impairment had used only CD25 as marker that cannot unambiguously distinguish Treg from activated effector T cells. METHODS We assessed the frequency and suppressor function of Treg using current staining protocols that can distinguish Treg from activated effector T cells. RESULTS The frequency of CD4+CD25(high)CD127(low)FOXP3+ Treg cells in blood of AIH patients was not reduced compared to healthy subjects, as shown by flow cytometry and confirmed by quantifying Treg-specific demethylation of the FOXP3 gene. Moreover, the suppressor function of Treg isolated from AIH patients was similar to that of Treg isolated from healthy subjects, indicating that Treg function was not impaired in AIH patients. However, we observed that the Treg frequency was significantly higher in those AIH patients with active disease than in those who were in a state of remission, suggesting that the Treg frequency may increase with the degree of inflammation. Indeed, analysis of FOXP3+ Treg in liver histology revealed that the intrahepatic Treg frequency was higher in AIH patients than in NASH patients and correlated with the inflammatory activity of the liver. CONCLUSIONS The frequency and function of circulating Treg cells is not impaired in AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xue DY, Liu GW, Chen YY. [Effects of interferon-alpha combined with saikosaponin on serum T lymphocyte subgroups and hepatic cytokines in mice with immune hepatic injury]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2012; 32:68-71. [PMID: 22500397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of interferon-alpha combined with saikosaponin on serum T lymphocyte subgroups and hepatic cytokines in mice with immune hepatic injury. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into five groups, i. e., the normal control group, the model group, the interferon group, the saikosaponin group, and the interferon combined saikosaponin group. Corresponding medication was given to mice in respective groups for two days. Peripheral blood was collected 8 and 24 h after concanavalin A (Con A) was injected. Serum lymphocyte subgroups, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) and IL-10, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected. Pathological changes of the liver tissue were observed. RESULTS (1) Compared with the normal control group, serious inflammation and necrosis was significant in the liver tissue of the model group. The serum levels of ALT and AST obviously increased. Meanwhile, the 24-h peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios and the hepatic IL-10 level obviously decreased (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) Compared with the model group, dot and lamellar necrosis was dispersedly seen in the liver tissue in the three medication groups. The serum activities of ALT and AST significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios, as well as the hepatic IL-10 level obviously increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The levels of IL-18 and TNF-alpha significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) In the interferon combined saikosaponin group, the 24-h peripheral blood CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell ratios increased more obviously than those of the interferon group. The 8- and 24-h IL-18 levels were obviously lower than those of the interferon group, while the 24-h TNF-alpha level significantly decreased more than that of the interferon group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Interferon-alpha combined saikosaponin could effectively play a role in fighting against the immune hepatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ying Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao J, Zhao S, Zhou G, Liang L, Guo X, Mao P, Zhou X, Wang H, Nan Y, Xu D, Yu J. Altered biliary epithelial cell and monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide as a TLR ligand in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:485-94. [PMID: 21275501 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.539624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is suspected to trigger primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in susceptible individuals, yet the precise mechanism of its effect in PBC remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate altered responses to LPS ligand for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in pathogenesis of PBC in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo, we investigated levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera and expression of LPS receptors in liver tissues from 162 patients with PBC, 325 patients with other liver diseases and 80 healthy controls. In vitro, altered responses to LPS on monocytes and cultured human biliary epithelial cells (BECs) from patients with PBC were determined. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of LPS in patients with PBC were detected, compared with patients with other liver diseases and healthy controls. Immunohistochemically, expression of TLR4, CD14, CD68 and NF-κB was significantly enhanced in liver tissues from patients with PBC. Before LPS stimulation, we found significantly higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with PBC than those in healthy controls. After LPS stimulation, TLR4 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in CD14-positive monocytes and cultured BEC from patients with PBC increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that patients with PBC were prone to exhibit higher serum LPS level, hypersensitivity of monocytes and BEC to LPS, and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS altered expression of TLR4, CD14 and NF-κB on monocytes and BEC, which may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PBC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Bilirubin/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/immunology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
- CD83 Antigen
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Selenocysteine, the 21st genetically encoded amino acid, is the major form of the antioxidant trace element selenium in the human body. In eukaryotes and archaea its synthesis proceeds through a phosphorylated intermediate in a tRNA-dependent fashion. The final step of selenocysteine formation is catalyzed by O-phosphoseryl-tRNA:selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase (SepSecS) that converts phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). The human SepSecS protein is also known as soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas (SLA/LP), which represents one of the antigens of autoimmune hepatitis. Here we review the discovery of human SepSecS and the current understanding of the immunogenicity of SLA/LP in autoimmune hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Palioura
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hayashi H, Narita R, Hiura M, Abe S, Tabaru A, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Harada M. A case of adult autoimmune hepatitis with histological features of giant cell hepatitis. Intern Med 2011; 50:315-9. [PMID: 21325763 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell hepatitis is rare in adult patients. This form of hepatitis shows fast progression to cirrhosis. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with jaundice. She was negative for hepatitis virus markers and positive for antinuclear antibodies. We diagnosed her as autoimmune hepatitis. Liver biopsy findings revealed typical features of interface hepatitis and giant cell hepatitis. Giant cells were positive for keratin 8/18, but not for keratin 19, keratin 7 or Ki-67. These results suggest that giant cell formation is associated with the fusion of matured hepatocytes rather than the active proliferation of immature cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Golovanova EV. [3rd place in the competition of scientific work in hepatology in 2010. Treatment of patients with overlap of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2011:140-148. [PMID: 22629792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the results of different treatments overlap (OS) of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH): ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy (UDCA) monotherapy with prednisolone (PD), the combination of PD with UDCA. Results of treatment of 16 OS patients with glucocorticoid last generation--budesonide (BS) in combination with UDCA. The treatment results were estimated in reducing severity of intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC), proposed by the author, as well as the degree of reduction of the biochemical activity of enzymes. Evaluated the quality of life by SF-36 questionnaire. In addition, the efficacy of budesonide in combination with UDCA was assessed by morphological examination of liver tissue in the dynamics after 6 months of treatment. The paper convincingly demonstrate that combination therapy OS is more effective in monotherapy reducing clinical and biochemical disease activity, as well as positive effects on quality of life. The advantages of the use of budesonide in combination with UDCA prior systemic glucocorticoids: a high efficiency and low risk of side effects.
Collapse
|
32
|
Volkmann M, Luithle D, Zentgraf H, Schnölzer M, Fiedler S, Heid H, Schulze-Bergkamen A, Strassburg CP, Gehrke SG, Manns MP. SLA/LP/tRNP((Ser)Sec) antigen in autoimmune hepatitis: identification of the native protein in human hepatic cell extract. J Autoimmun 2009; 34:59-65. [PMID: 19683415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A diagnostic subgroup of AIH type 1 is characterized by specific serum antibodies against soluble liver protein. The respective autoantigen was named SLA/LP/tRNP((Ser)Sec), after three homologous recombinant polypeptides were isolated from expression gene libraries. We analyzed human cultured liver cells for the human homologue of recombinant SLA/LP/tRNP((Ser)Sec) by antigen purification. In addition, a monoclonal antibody was generated against recombinant SLA-p35, a truncated recombinant SLA-reactive polypeptide. With a positive patient serum, immune affinity chromatography was performed on the 52 kD-SLA main antigenic determinant pre-enriched by ion exchange chromatography. By mass spectrometry, the 52 kD-SLA/LP/tRNP ((Ser)Sec) autoantigen was unambiguously identified in the purification product. The identity of the recombinant SLA-p35 and its human homologue was further confirmed by a specific signal of the anti SLA-p35 monoclonal antibody with purified human SLA/LP/tRNP((Ser)Sec). The 48 kD-SLA species frequently comigrating in SLA-immunoblotting however was not identified by either approach. We conclude that the native counterpart of recombinant tRNP((Ser)(Sec)) indeed is detectable with a molecular weight of 52 kD in soluble liver extract of human cells as the major antigenic component of SLA/LP/tRNP((Ser)Sec).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Autoantigens/blood
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Extracts
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/blood
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Mass Spectrometry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/blood
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/blood
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/immunology
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volkmann
- Labor Prof. Dr. H.-P. Seelig und Kollegen, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lahita RG, Schaefer RA, Bradlow HL, Kreek MJ. Clues to understanding the oxidation of estradiol in humans: effects of acute infectious hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and chronic liver disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:242-51. [PMID: 19250211 PMCID: PMC3057168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Determination of 2- and 16alpha-hydroxylation of estradiol in patients with a variety of liver disorders using a dynamic method of quantitating the extent of hydroxylation revealed specific and characteristic differences in the metabolic response. Patients with acute or silent variants of hepatitis B had estrogen metabolite patterns that were indistinguishable from those found in the control subjects. Female patients with autoimmune hepatitis (formerly known as lupoid hepatitis), however, showed a moderate significant decrease (P < 0.01) in 2-hydroxylation as compared with normal controls (mean 16.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 33.9 +/- 2.5), with no significant change in 16alpha-hydroxylation. Male and female subjects with chronic alcoholic cirrhosis were almost devoid of 2-hydroxylation (mean 2.9 +/- 0.5, P < 0.01), but did show a significant increase in 16alpha-hydroxylation (P < 0.01). The results, therefore, show that the alterations in patterns of biological oxidation are highly specific and do not reflect a general inability to metabolize estrogens in the cirrhotic patient. However, the results also suggest the possibility that a substantial fraction of 16alpha-hydroxylation may occur elsewhere in the body at sites other than in the liver, explaining why this biotransformation pathway is elevated, while the reaction at C-2 is almost absent in the alcoholic cirrhotic subjects.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu HJ, Huang JQ, Liu Y. [The expression of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 in murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2008; 16:626-627. [PMID: 18752755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Derkow K, Loddenkemper C, Mintern J, Kruse N, Klugewitz K, Berg T, Wiedenmann B, Ploegh HL, Schott E. Differential priming of CD8 and CD4 T-cells in animal models of autoimmune hepatitis and cholangitis. Hepatology 2007; 46:1155-65. [PMID: 17657820 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases is poorly understood. Animal models are necessary to investigate antigen presentation and priming of T-cells in the context of autoimmunity in the liver. Transgenic mouse models were generated in which the model antigen ovalbumin is expressed in hepatocytes (TF-OVA) or cholangiocytes (ASBT-OVA). Transgenic OT-I (CD8) or OT-II (CD4) T-cells specific for ovalbumin were adoptively transferred into TF-OVA and ASBT-OVA mice to induce in vivo priming of antigen-specific T-cells. T-cell migration and activation, as well as induction of liver inflammation, were studied. OT-I T-cells preferentially located to the liver of both mouse strains whereas no migration of OT-II T-cells to the liver was observed. OT-I T-cells proliferated in the liver of TF-OVA mice and the liver and liver draining lymph nodes of ASBT-OVA mice. OT-II CD4 T-cells were activated in spleen and liver draining lymph node of TF-OVA mice but not in ASBT-OVA mice. Transfer of OT-I T-cells led to histologically distinct inflammatory conditions in the liver of ASBT-OVA and TF-OVA mice and caused liver injury as determined by the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSION An antigen expressed in hepatocytes is presented to CD8 and CD4 T-cells, whereas the same antigen expressed in cholangiocytes is presented to CD8 but not CD4 T-cells. In both models, activation of CD8 T-cells occurs within the liver and causes liver inflammation. The models presented here are valuable to investigate the priming of T-cells in the liver and their role in the development of autoimmune disease of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Derkow
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oikawa T, Takahashi H, Ishikawa T, Hokari A, Otsuki N, Azuma M, Zeniya M, Tajiri H. Intrahepatic expression of the co-stimulatory molecules programmed death-1, and its ligands in autoimmune liver disease. Pathol Int 2007; 57:485-92. [PMID: 17610472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver-infiltrating T cells play an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, B7-H1/PD-L1 and B7-DC/PD-L2, are new CD28-B7 family members that are involved in the regulation of immune responses. The ligation of PD-1 inhibits T-cell receptor-mediated T cell proliferation and cytokine production, and PD-1-deficient mice develop various organ-specific autoimmune diseases. To investigate the expressions of PD-1 and its ligands in autoimmune liver disease, in particular autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from 17 patients with AIH and PBC were studied. PD-1 was expressed on more than half of the liver-infiltrating T cells within the portal tract. Some of the intrahepatic T cells expressed B7-H1 in patients with AIH and PBC. B7-H1 and B7-DC were mainly expressed on some Kupffer cells (KC) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) within the sinusoids and their expression was upregulated in autoimmune liver disease. These results suggest that the interaction of PD-1 on T cells with increased expression of B7-H1 and B7-DC on KC and LSEC might be involved in the downregulation of autoreactive lymphocytes and result in the regulation of pathogenesis in autoimmune liver disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kupffer Cells/metabolism
- Kupffer Cells/pathology
- Ligands
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
He B, Gao WD, Song GQ, Wang CC, Yang ML, Liu QS. [Expression of 24p3 and interleukin-17A in autoimmune hepatitis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2007; 15:709-10. [PMID: 17903384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Life Science Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
NKT cells expressing invariant T-cell receptors are an abundant cell population in the mouse liver, and much evidence has been accumulating which shows that they play an important role in immune responses in this organ. In this review, the putative function of NKT cells in autoimmune hepatitis is discussed based on results from various mouse models. Features and functions of invariant NKT cells are summarized to set the stage to explain how these cells induce liver injury following the injection of mitogen concanavalin A or NKT-cell receptor ligand alpha-GalCer. Results are discussed which show that alcohol consumption can aggravate liver injury by NKT cells, whereas expression of a hepatitis C virus protein in hepatocytes can protect against injury. Hepatocytes, therefore, can modulate sensitivity to NKT-cell-mediated attack. Moreover, experiments that elucidate how NKT cells induce liver injury and how they are regulated to perform this function are discussed. Specific attention is given to the recently discovered role of purinergic receptor P2X7 in regulating NKT cells. The conclusion is drawn that the P2X7 receptor constitutes a sensor that senses purine-based danger signals, which trigger mechanisms that cause inhibition or stimulation of NKT-cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Dennert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0800, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Shi M, Zhang J, Chen L, Wang S, Wang FS. B7-H1 up-regulation on myeloid dendritic cells significantly suppresses T cell immune function in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Immunol 2007; 178:6634-41. [PMID: 17475895 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although dysfunctional dendritic cells contribute to inadequate adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. In this study, we examined B7-H1 expression on circulating myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in 46 CHB patients, 10 autoimmune hepatitis patients, and 10 healthy subjects as control. We found that B7-H1 expression is significantly up-regulated on circulating mDCs of CHB and autoimmune hepatitis patients compared with healthy individuals. The B7-H1 up-regulation was significantly correlated with an elevation of serum alanine aminotransaminase levels and plasma viral load. In addition, in vitro, both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma could strongly stimulate mDCs to express B7-H1. More importantly, elevated B7-H1 expression is also closely associated with the suppression of T cell immune function. In vitro blockade of B7-H1 signaling could not only down-regulate IL-10 and up-regulate IL-12 production by mDCs, but also enhance mDC-mediated allostimulatory capacity and cytokine production of T cells. Blockade of B7-H1 signaling could improve hepatitis B c Ag-pulsed monocyte-derived DC-induced IFN-gamma production by autologous hepatitis B virus-specific T cells. These new findings suggested that chronic inflammation may contribute to B7-H1 up-regulation on mDCs in CHB patients, which potentially cause defective hepatitis B virus-specific T cell function and viral persistence. Our findings further support the notion that the blockade of B7-H1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangen Chen
- Research Center of Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, and Center for Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rai T, Monoe K, Kanno Y, Saito H, Takahashi A, Irisawa A, Ohira H. Expression of human glucocorticoid receptor beta of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with severe autoimmune hepatitis. Fukushima J Med Sci 2007; 52:65-70. [PMID: 17427757 DOI: 10.5387/fms.52.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the expression of human glucocorticoid receptor beta (hGRbeta) in patients with severe autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The subjects were 27 patients with AIH, including 6 with severe type (prothrombin time [PT] < 40%) and 21 with non-severe type (PT>40%). Total RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was reversed using reverse transcriptase. The resultant complementary DNA was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for hGR alpha and beta. The six patients with severe AIH were female; three presented fulminant hepatic failure with hepatic encephalopathy. In all patients with AIH, hGR a was detected. The incidence of hGR beta expression in patients with non-severe type was 42.9% (9/21) ; it was 100% (6/6) in those with severe type. The positive ratio was significantly higher in severe-type patients. These results suggest that hGR beta expression in PBMCs is a novel predictor of AIH severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Rai
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Migita K, Abiru S, Maeda Y, Nakamura M, Komori A, Ito M, Fujiwara S, Yano K, Yatsuhashi H, Eguchi K, Ishibashi H. Elevated serum BAFF levels in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:586-91. [PMID: 17584580 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum cytokines are thought to be involved in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) pathogenesis via immune dysregulation. B-cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and is known for its role in the survival and maturation of B cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum levels of BAFF in patients with AIH and determine its relation to the clinical features of AIH. We examined serum BAFF levels in 55 patients with AIH, 14 patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 33 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 33 healthy subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver function tests, quantitative immunoglobulin, and antinuclear antibody levels were also assayed in AIH patients. Serum BAFF levels were elevated in AIH patients compared with healthy subjects (AIH: 2.07+/-1.21 pg/ml, control: 0.77+/-0.22 pg/ml). Similarly, serum BAFF levels were significantly higher in AIH patients compared with AH or chronic hepatitis C patients. There was a positive correlation between BAFF and aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.513, p<0.0001), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.435, p<0.0001), total bilirubin (r=0.419, p<0.01), and soluble CD30 (r=0.579, p<0.0001) in AIH patients. However, there was no correlation between BAFF and levels of gammaglobulins or titer of antinuclear antibodies. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in marked reduction in serum BAFF levels in AIH patients. These results suggest that BAFF contributes to liver injury and disease development in AIH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Migita
- Clinical Research Center, National Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura 856-8562, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mataki N, Kikuchi K, Kawai T, Higashiyama M, Okada Y, Kurihara C, Hokari R, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Kondo T, Itoh K, Miyakawa H, Miura S. Expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in the liver in autoimmune liver diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102:302-12. [PMID: 17311651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PD-L1 (also B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also B7-DC) are ligands for programmed death-1 (PD-1), which is a member of the CD28/B7 superfamily of costimulatory molecules and plays an inhibitory role on the periphery. Impaired regulation of this system may cause disruption to self-tolerance leading to autoimmunity; however, the role of these molecules in the liver is unknown. Therefore, we examined the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in the liver in autoimmune liver diseases. METHODS We examined the liver expression of these molecules in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with no previous medical treatment using immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR, and compared with chronic hepatitis type C (CHC) as a control. RESULTS Although PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were expressed in the liver in AIH, PBC, as well as CHC, the expressions were relatively lower in PBC. In AIH, despite more severe inflammation than in CHC, the expression of these molecules was not greater than in CHC, and when compared with the relative expression of PD-L1, PD-L2 was lower in AIH. PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions were well correlated with the level of IFN-gamma; however, relatively decreased induction for PD-L1 and PD-L2 by IFN-gamma was observed in AIH or PBC than in CHC. CONCLUSION Modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-L2 systems may play a role in the development of autoimmune liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Mataki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Athanassiadou P, Psyhoyiou H, Grapsa D, Gonidi M, Ketikoglou I, Patsouris E. Cytokeratin 8 and 18 expression in imprint smears of chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A preliminary study. Acta Cytol 2007; 51:61-5. [PMID: 17328497 DOI: 10.1159/000325684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 8 and 18 is altered in chronic active viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Cytologic imprint smears were obtained from 53 liver core biopsy specimens and were studied immunocytochemically for the expression of CK8 and 18. RESULTS CK8-positive expression was observed in 45.5% of chronic active hepatitis B (CH-B), 20% of chronic active hepatitis C (CH-C), 90% of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 83.3% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. CK18-positive expression was observed in 36.4% of CH-B, 26.7% of CH-C, 70% of AIH and 83.3% of HCC cases. A statistically significant association was found between CK8- and CK18-positive expression and the diagnosis of AIH and HCC. In contrast, CH-C and CH-B were associated with negative CK8 and CK18 expression. In addition, a negative [CK8(-)/CK18(-)] or imbalanced [CK8(-)/CK18(+), CK8(+)/CK18(-)] expression pattern was found in 100.0% and 81.18% of CH-C and CH-B cases, respectively, while the relative percentages of AIH and HCC cases were significantly lower (30.0% and 16.7%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CK8 and 18 expression is maintained in AIH and HCC and altered in CH-B and CH-C. The pathogenetic mechanism of this alteration remains to be clarified.
Collapse
|
44
|
Djilali-Saiah I, Fakhfakh A, Louafi H, Caillat-Zucman S, Debray D, Alvarez F. HLA class II influences humoral autoimmunity in patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2006; 45:844-50. [PMID: 17050030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by the presence of anti-liver kidney microsome (anti-LKM-1) and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) autoantibodies. However, the correlation between these autoantibodies and the genetic background has not been studied. METHODS Frequencies of HLA class II alleles were compared between the 60 Caucasian children with type 2 AIH and 313 control subjects. The anti-LKM1 antibody reactivity directed against antigenic sites of CYP2D6 was analysed by ELISA. RESULTS HLA-DQB1 *0201 allele was found to be the primary genetic determinant of susceptibility to type 2 AIH by conferring the highest odd-ratio (OR = 6.4). HLA-DRB1 *03 allele was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) among patients with both anti-LKM1 and anti-LC1 autoantibodies as well as in those with only anti-LC1(+) compared to those with anti-LKM1(+) alone. In contrast, HLA-DRB1 *07 allele was significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with anti-LKM1(+) alone compared to groups with both anti-LKM and anti-LC1 or with LC1+ alone. Children with the DRB1 *07 allele develop anti-LKM1 autoantibodies having a more restricted specificity (2 epitopes) than to those having HLA-DRB1 *03 allele (5 epitopes). CONCLUSIONS The HLA-DR locus is involved in autoantibody expression, while the DQ locus appears to be a critical determinant for the development of type 2 AIH.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
During the past five years, investigations employing a variety of proteomic technologies have yielded a wealth of information on a number of autoimmune disorders. Animal models of autoimmune disease have been examined and have provided clues that can be useful in elucidating molecular pathways and mechanisms that play a role in autoimmune disorders. Human sera and body fluids have been analyzed and have resulted in the identification of autoantibodies that can be used as diagnostic markers in specific autoimmune diseases, and proteomic fingerprints of tissues and body fluids have resulted in the identification of individual proteins or patterns of protein expression that are deregulated in autoimmune diseases. The information provided by these proteomic studies are of diagnostic and therapeutic potential. This review provides an overview of the approaches used in the proteomic analyses of autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dotzlaw
- BIOMEDRO Biomedical Research and Development Rostock Ltd, Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 came into worldwide prominence a decade ago when it was identified as one of the major coreceptors for HIV infectivity. However, subsequent studies suggested an important modulatory role for CCR5 in the inflammatory response. Specifically, CCR5 has been reported to directly regulate T cell function in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. Moreover, T cell-mediated immune responses are proposed to be critical in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and viral liver diseases, and recent clinical and experimental studies have also implicated CCR5 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and viral liver diseases. Therefore, in this brief review, we highlight the evidence that supports an important role of CCR5 in the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated liver diseases with specific emphasis on autoimmune and viral liver diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/physiopathology
- Humans
- Liver Diseases/immunology
- Liver Diseases/metabolism
- Liver Diseases/physiopathology
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen N Ajuebor
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun Y, Liu J, Qian F, Xu Q. Nitric oxide inhibits T cell adhesion and migration by down-regulation of β1-integrin expression in immunologically liver-injured mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:616-26. [PMID: 16504925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has reported that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a protective role in immunologically liver-injured mice induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride. To explore the mechanism of the protection, we have now examined the effect of NO on T cell adhesion and migration. First, we isolated hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells from the liver-injured mice and separated the nonparenchymal cells into Kupffer cell-enriched and lymphocyte-enriched populations. When these hepatocytes or the fractions of nonparenchymal cells were co-cultured with spleen T cells of the liver-injured mice in a Transwell system, the adhesive potential of the T cells was significantly inhibited in the presence of hepatocytes or the Kupffer cell-enriched population but not the lymphocyte-enriched population of nonparenchymal cells. This effect was dependent on NO production. The NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) could reverse this inhibition of cell adhesion and also decrease NO production. To confirm this effect of NO on T cells, we further examined the role of exogenous or endogenous NO on the adhesive activity of the Jurkat T cell line. As a result, the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the adhesion of Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, the binding ability of Jurkat T cells to collagen decreased gradually after co-incubation with macrophages stimulated by LPS+IFN-gamma, an effect which correlated well with the increasing NO level in the medium. Such opposite changes in cell adhesion and in NO production were also markedly reversed by L-NMMA. Moreover, treatment with SNAP reduced adhesion, transmigration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and beta1-integrin expression of spleen T cells of the liver-injured mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that NO can function as a down-regulator of T cell mobility, which might be one of the mechanisms by which NO exerts its protective effect in T cell-mediated liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Sotelo N, López G. Autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis in children. A report of 23 cases at a Hospital in Northwestern Mexico. Ann Hepatol 2006; 4:255-60. [PMID: 16432490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune type chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) is a rare pediatric disorder whose principal characteristics include hepatocellular dysfunction and active tissue damage with evolution to cirrhosis in 25-30% of cases. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to ascertain the evolution of 23 children with AI-CAH treated between 1978 and 2004 at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora in the Sonora State capital of Hermosillo in northern Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review that included the following variables: age; sex; personal antecedents; signs and symptoms; laboratory and medical office studies; histologic tissue pattern obtained by biopsy; treatment; evolution, and mortality. RESULTS Thirteen males and 10 females participated in the study; predominant signs were hyporexia, fatiguehepatomegalia, and icterus. Ten patients presented moderate anemia and six patients, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Eighteen patients presented hypergammaglobulinemia. Twenty three patients had percutaneous (p.c.) liver biopsy, and we observed the following histologic pattern: rupture of the limiting plate; necrotic foci; cholangiolar proliferation, and fibrotic bridges; in addition, four patients demonstrated precirrhotic changes. Twenty one children received prednisone for periods of between 1 and 12 years; in seven cases, children were administered azatioprine. Six children presented histologic, biochemical, and clinical remission, nine experienced biochemical remission but presented inflammatory activity,five abandoned treatment, and three died due to cirrhosis, liver insufficiency, and other complications. DISCUSSION To date, AI-CAH etiology continues to be unknown, while treatment has not been importantly modified in 50 years and continues to consist of prednisone alone or in association with azathioprine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Sotelo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Infantil de Sonora, México.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
A variety of hepatic and biliary tract disorders may complicate the clinical course of celiac disease. Some of these have been hypothesized to share common genetic factors or have a common immunopathogenesis, such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune forms of hepatitis or cholangitis. Other hepatic changes in celiac disease may be associated with malnutrition resulting from impaired nutrient absorption, including hepatic steatosis. In addition, celiac disease may be associated with rare hepatic complications, such as hepatic T-cell lymphoma. Finally, pancreatic exocrine function may be impaired in celiac disease and represent a cause of treatment failure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Celiac Disease/complications
- Celiac Disease/metabolism
- Celiac Disease/pathology
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/complications
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/metabolism
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/pathology
- Fatty Liver/complications
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Gallbladder Diseases/complications
- Gallbladder Diseases/metabolism
- Gallbladder Diseases/pathology
- Hemochromatosis/complications
- Hemochromatosis/metabolism
- Hemochromatosis/pathology
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/complications
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Liver Diseases/complications
- Liver Diseases/metabolism
- Liver Diseases/pathology
- Liver Failure/complications
- Liver Failure/metabolism
- Liver Failure/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/complications
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Pancreatic Diseases/complications
- Pancreatic Diseases/metabolism
- Pancreatic Diseases/pathology
Collapse
|