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Badia-Olmos C, Sánchez-García J, Laguna L, Zúñiga E, Mónika Haros C, Maria Andrés A, Tarrega A. Flours from fermented lentil and quinoa grains as ingredients with new techno-functional properties. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113915. [PMID: 38225151 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The need to provide novel, nutritious plant-based products requires seeking high-value, sustainable protein sources, like quinoa and lentils, having an increased digestibility and lacking antinutrients. Fungal fermentation has evidenced enhanced nutritional value of flours obtained from these grains. However, research into techno-functional properties, essential to the new product development, is lacking. This study investigated the techno-functional properties of flours made from lentil and quinoa after fermenting them with Pleurotus ostreatus and subjecting them to two drying techniques (lyophilisation and hot air drying). In both cases, the fermentation led to noteworthy improvements in swelling and water holding capacity, especially in those lyophilised than those dried. In contrast, the emulsifying, foaming, thickening, and gelling capacities decreased significantly. The loss of abilities was more severe for dried grains than for lyophilized ones. The thermomechanical analysis of the fermented flours showed lower thickening and gelling potential compared to untreated flours. Microscopy images revealed that the state and structure of starch granules were affected by both fermentation and drying processes. Starch granules in lentils were partly pre-gelatinised and trapped in the cotyledon cell, resulting in limited thickening and gelling abilities. In contrast, in quinoa, starch underwent pre-gelatinisation and retrogradation during the fermentation process, promoting the production of resistant starch and increasing fibre content. This study presents the potential of treated flours as ingredients possessing unique attributes compared to protein and fibre-rich conventional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Badia-Olmos
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Janaina Sánchez-García
- Institute of Food Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València (FoodUPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Laura Laguna
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Elena Zúñiga
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Claudia Mónika Haros
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Ana Maria Andrés
- Institute of Food Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València (FoodUPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain).
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Dziki D, Gawlik-Dziki U, Tarasiuk W, Różyło R. Fiber Preparation from Micronized Oat By-Products: Antioxidant Properties and Interactions between Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092621. [PMID: 35565971 PMCID: PMC9099853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing oat by-products for fiber preparation. Oat husk (OH) and oat bran (OB) were micronized and used to prepare a novel product rich in fiber and with enhanced antioxidant properties. The basic chemical composition and phenolic acid profile were determined in OH and OB. The antioxidant properties of OH and OB were also analyzed. The type and strength of interactions between the biologically active compounds from their mixtures were characterized by an isobolographic analysis. The analyses showed that the sum of phenolic acids was higher in OH than in OB. Ferulic acid was dominant in both OH and OB; however, its content in OH was over sixfold higher than that in OB. The results also suggested that both OH and OB can be used for preparing fiber with enhanced antioxidant properties. The optimal composition of the preparation, with 60–70% of OH and 30–40% of OB, allows for obtaining a product with 60–70% fiber and enhanced antioxidant activity due to bioactive substances and their synergistic effect. The resulting product can be a valuable additive to various food and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Dziki
- Poland Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Wojciech Tarasiuk
- Fibrecare Sp. z o.o., Słowackiego 16, 40-094 Katowice, Poland;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Bialystok, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Różyło
- Department of Food Engineering and Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 28, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Manyelo TG, Sebola NA, Hassan ZM, Ng’ambi JW, Weeks WJ, Mabelebele M. Chemical Composition and Metabolomic Analysis of Amaranthus cruentus Grains Harvested at Different Stages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030623. [PMID: 35163888 PMCID: PMC8839114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the impact of early versus normal grain harvesting on the chemical composition and secondary metabolites of Amaranthus cruentus species grown in South Africa. Mature harvested grain had higher (p < 0.05) DM, CF, NDF and ADF content compared to prematurely harvested grain. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between CP, ADL and GE of premature and mature harvested grains. Mature harvesting resulted in higher grain Ca, P, Mg and K content. Essential amino acids spectrum and content remained similar regardless of maturity at harvest. The grains displayed an ample amount of unsaturated fatty acids; the highest percentage was linoleic acid: 38.75% and 39.74% in premature and mature grains, respectively. β-Tocotrienol was detected at 5.92 and 9.67 mg/kg in premature and mature grains, respectively. The lowest was δ-tocotrienol which was 0.01 and 0.54 mg/kg in premature and mature grains, respectively. Mature harvested grain had a higher secondary metabolite content compared to premature harvested grains. The results suggest that mature harvested Amaranthus cruentus grain contain more minerals and phytochemicals that have health benefits for human and livestock immunity and gut function, which ultimately improves performance. This study concludes that A. cruentus grown in South Africa is a potential alternative cereal to major conventional cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (T.G.M.); (N.A.S.); (Z.M.H.)
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (T.G.M.); (N.A.S.); (Z.M.H.)
| | - Zahra Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (T.G.M.); (N.A.S.); (Z.M.H.)
| | - Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - William James Weeks
- Agricultural Research Services, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (T.G.M.); (N.A.S.); (Z.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983
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Zhou J, An R, Huang X. Genus Lilium: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113852. [PMID: 33485985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Lilium (family Liliaceae) is native to China and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere such as Eastern Asia, Europe, and North America. There are about 109 species of this genus and 55 species in China. In America, the bulbs were used as food. In Europe, the petals and bulbs of Lilium candidum uesd as pectoral poultices, wound-healing remedy and a treatment for mastitis and shingles, the bulbs of L. martagon were used to treat every liver disease. In India, the bulbs are used medicinally as galactagogue, expectorant, aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and revitalizing tonic. In Asia, bulbs of this genus are often used to treat coughs, lung diseases, burns and swellings. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to summarize traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, which provided a theoretical basis for the further study of Lilium plants and their applications in medicine, food and other industries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online scientific databases including Science Direct, American chemical society (ACS), Wiley Online Library, the Web of Science, China national knowledge internet (CNKI) and others were searched to identify eligible studies. More data were obtained from other Chinese medicine books. RESULTS The literature survey revealed diverse traditional uses of the genus Lilium, mainly for the treatment of lung deficiency, hemostasis, anxiety, palpitations, asthma and vomiting. Over 180 compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Lilium, including steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, phenolic glycerides, flavonoids and alkaloids. Different extracts and monomer compounds were so far evaluated for number of pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antidepressant and hepatoprotective activities. CONCLUSIONS Lilium spp. are of much significance as ornamental flowers, but also have potential to treat various diseases, especially anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, most of the studies on pharmacological effects are still in in vitro, and further studies on mechanism-based pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro are needed in the future. At present, there are limited researches on its safety and toxicological effects, which should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Renfeng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Jin Y, Zhang B, Chen J, Mao W, Lou L, Shen C, Lin Q. Biofertilizer-induced response to cadmium accumulation in Oryza sativa L. grains involving exogenous organic matter and soil bacterial community structure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111952. [PMID: 33513523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Oryza sativa L., the world's most significant staple crop, is a health threat to millions of people. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available biofertilizers (with high (BF2) and low organic matter (OM) content (BF1)) on Cd accumulation in two types of soils and to determine the bacterial community responses by high-throughput sequencing. The study was conducted in the form of pot experiment in greenhouse in 2018. Four treatments were set: BF1, BF2, organic fertilizer (OF), and control (CK) and the amendments were applied before the rice cultivation. The results showed that the addition of biofertilizers immobilized or mobilized Cd in soils, depending on the soil type and the OM content in biofertilizers. The exogenous OM in biofertilizers was the driving factor for the difference in pH and Cd accumulation in rice grains. The application of biofertilizers with high OM content was effective in reducing Cd accumulation in the rice grains (19.7% lower than CK) by significantly increasing soil pH (from 6.02 to 6.67) in acid silt loam soil (TZ). The consumption of acid fermentation products by soil chemoorganotrophs and the complexation of organic anions in the biofertilizer treatment tended to buffer the pH drop in the drainage and decrease the Cd availability. However, in the weak acid silty clay loam soil (SX), the addition of biofertilizer with high OM significantly increased Cd accumulation in rice grains (21.9% higher than CK), probably owing to the release of acid substances, resulting from the significant increase of the predominant bacteria Chloroflexi. The addition of biofertilizer with low OM content did not significantly change Cd accumulation in rice grains or affect the soil microbial structures in both soils. In conclusion, the effects of biofertilizer on rice Cd accumulation were related to the OM content and soil bacterial community. Biofertilizers with high organic matter may not be suitable for amendments in the paddy soils with high clay content to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, 310007 Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqiao Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Mao
- The Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Ghosh M, Schepetkin IA, Özek G, Özek T, Khlebnikov AI, Damron DS, Quinn MT. Essential Oils from Monarda fistulosa: Chemical Composition and Activation of Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) Channels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214873. [PMID: 33105614 PMCID: PMC7659962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the pharmacological activity of Monarda fistulosa L. essential oils. To address this issue, we isolated essential oils from the flowers and leaves of M. fistulosa and analyzed their chemical composition. We also analyzed the pharmacological effects of M. fistulosa essential oils on transient receptor potential (TRP) channel activity, as these channels are known targets of various essential oil constituents. Flower (MEOFl) and leaf (MEOLv) essential oils were comprised mainly of monoterpenes (43.1% and 21.1%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (54.8% and 77.7%), respectively, with a high abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons, including p-cymene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, and α-thujene. Major oxygenated monoterpenes of MEOFl and MEOLv included carvacrol and thymol. Both MEOFl and MEOLv stimulated a transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in TRPA1 but not in TRPV1 or TRPV4-transfected cells, with MEOLv being much more effective than MEOFl. Furthermore, the pure monoterpenes carvacrol, thymol, and β-myrcene activated TRPA1 but not the TRPV1 or TRPV4 channels, suggesting that these compounds represented the TRPA1-activating components of M. fistulosa essential oils. The transient increase in [Ca2+]i induced by MEOFl/MEOLv, carvacrol, β-myrcene, and thymol in TRPA1-transfected cells was blocked by a selective TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031. Although carvacrol and thymol have been reported previously to activate the TRPA1 channels, this is the first report to show that β-myrcene is also a TRPA1 channel agonist. Finally, molecular modeling studies showed a substantial similarity between the docking poses of carvacrol, thymol, and β-myrcene in the binding site of human TRPA1. Thus, our results provide a cellular and molecular basis to explain at least part of the therapeutic properties of these essential oils, laying the foundation for prospective pharmacological studies involving TRP ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (M.G.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Gulmira Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Temel Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (T.Ö.)
- Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research and Application Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 643050, Russia;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Derek S. Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (M.G.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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Panda SK, Castro AHF, Jouneghani RS, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Swennen R, Luyten W. Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Plant Parts of Banana (Musa spp.). Viruses 2020; 12:v12050549. [PMID: 32429324 PMCID: PMC7291111 DOI: 10.3390/v12050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya and yellow fever virus cause vector-borne viral diseases in humans. There is currently no specific antiviral drug for either of these diseases. Banana plants are used in traditional medicine for treating viral diseases such as measles and chickenpox. Therefore, we tested selected banana cultivars for their antiviral but also cytotoxic properties. Different parts such as leaf, pseudostem and corm, collected separately and extracted with four different solvents (hexane, acetone, ethanol, and water), were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and yellow fever virus (YFV). Extracts prepared with acetone and ethanol from leaf parts of several cultivars exhibited strong (EC50 around 10 μg/mL) anti-CHIKV activity. Interestingly, none of the banana plant extracts (concentration 1–100 µg/mL) were active against EV71. Activity against YFV was restricted to two cultivars: Namwa Khom–Pseudostem–Ethanol (5.9 ± 5.4), Namwa Khom–Corm–Ethanol (0.79 ± 0.1) and Fougamou–Corm–Acetone (2.5 ± 1.5). In most cases, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was generally 5- to 10-fold lower than the antiviral activity, suggesting a reasonable therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.H.F.C.); (R.S.J.); (W.L.)
- Mayurbhanj Biological Research (MBR), Bhanjpur, Baripada 757002, Odisha, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-373467
| | - Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.H.F.C.); (R.S.J.); (W.L.)
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400–Chanandour, Divinópolis MG 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Ramin Saleh Jouneghani
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.H.F.C.); (R.S.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Rony Swennen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania;
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Bioversity International, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.H.F.C.); (R.S.J.); (W.L.)
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Liu Y, Tie B, Peng O, Luo H, Li D, Liu S, Lei M, Wei X, Liu X, Du H. Inoculation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil with biochar-supported microbial cell composite: A novel approach to reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125850. [PMID: 31931314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using metal-resistant microbes is a promising remediation technology. However, as exogenous bacteria sometimes struggle to survive and grow when introduced to new soils, it is important to develop appropriate carriers for microbial populations. In this study, we report a novel approach to remediating Cd-contaminated rice paddy soil using biochar-supported microbial cell composites (BMCs) produced from agricultural waste (cornstalks). Pot experiments showed that amendment with BMC was more efficient at reducing root and grain Cd content than pure bacteria, while improving soil Cd fractionation toward more stabilized and less labile forms. Bacteria in the BMC medium grew more readily with more abundant metabolites than those raised in free cells, probably because biochar provides shelter via porous structures (as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy) as well as additional nutrients. Overall, the improved long-term production of microbial biomass caused by BMC inoculation results in a higher remediation efficiency. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using biochar as an appropriate carrier for metal-tolerant bacteria to remediate Cd-contaminated paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Liu
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Boqing Tie
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ou Peng
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Shoutao Liu
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangdong Wei
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huihui Du
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China.
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D’Amato R, Regni L, Falcinelli B, Mattioli S, Benincasa P, Dal Bosco A, Pacheco P, Proietti P, Troni E, Santi C, Businelli D. Current Knowledge on Selenium Biofortification to Improve the Nutraceutical Profile of Food: A Comprehensive Review. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4075-4097. [PMID: 32181658 PMCID: PMC7997367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient for living organisms, since it is involved in several physiological and metabolic processes. Se intake in humans is often low and very seldom excessive, and its bioavailability depends also on its chemical form, with organic Se as the most available after ingestion. The main dietary source of Se for humans is represented by plants, since many species are able to metabolize and accumulate organic Se in edible parts to be consumed directly (leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sprouts) or after processing (oil, wine, etc.). Countless studies have recently investigated the Se biofortification of plants to produce Se-enriched foods and elicit the production of secondary metabolites, which may benefit human health when incorporated into the diet. Moreover, feeding animals Se-rich diets may provide Se-enriched meat. This work reviews the most recent literature on the nutraceutical profile of Se-enriched foods from plant and animal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto D’Amato
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Instituto
de Química de San Luis, INQUISAL, Centro Científico-Tecnológico
de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas − Universidad Nacional
de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, Ciudad de San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Primo Proietti
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Troni
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Daniela Businelli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
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Wang M, Tang Z, Chen XP, Wang X, Zhou WX, Tang Z, Zhang J, Zhao FJ. Water management impacts the soil microbial communities and total arsenic and methylated arsenicals in rice grains. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:736-744. [PMID: 30721864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of the metalloid arsenic (As) in paddy soil is controlled by microbial cycling of As and other elements such as iron (Fe) and sulfur (S), which are strongly influenced by water management in paddy fields. In this study, we evaluated how water management affects As bioavailability by growing rice plants in a geogenic As-contaminated soil. We determined As speciation in soil porewater and the diversity of the associated microbial community. Continuous flooding enhanced the release of Fe and As and increased arsenite (As(III)) and methylated As species concentrations in the rice grain compared with aerobic treatment. Total inorganic and organic As in the grain was 84% and 81% lower, respectively, in the aerobic treatment compared with the continuous flooding treatment. The amounts of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB) increased in the flooded rhizosphere soil. The abundance of FeRB in the soil correlated with the dissolution of Fe and As. Among the As-transformation genes quantified, the aioA gene for As(III) oxidation and arsM gene for As(III) methylation were most abundant. The arsM copy number correlated positively with the levels of dsrB (dissimilatory (bi) sulfite reductase β-subunit), suggesting that dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) may play an important role in dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)) production in soil. Our results show that decreased populations of rhizosphere FeRB and SRB contributed to a lower bioavailability of As, and decreased production of methylated arsenicals under oxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Ping Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wu-Xian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Zhu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Raheem DJ, Tawfike AF, Abdelmohsen UR, Edrada-Ebel R, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V. Application of metabolomics and molecular networking in investigating the chemical profile and antitrypanosomal activity of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Sci Rep 2019; 9:2547. [PMID: 30796274 PMCID: PMC6385288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulb, leaf, scape and flower samples of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were collected regularly for one growth period. Methanolic extracts of freeze-dried and ground samples showed antitrypanosomal activity, giving more than 50% inhibition, for 20 out of 41 samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used in the dereplication of the methanolic extracts of the different plant parts. The results revealed differences in the chemical profile with bulb samples being distinctly different from all aerial parts. High molecular weight metabolites were more abundant in the flowers, shoots and leaves compared to smaller molecular weight ones in the bulbs. The anti-trypanosomal activity of the extracts was linked to the accumulation of high molecular weight compounds, which were matched with saponin glycosides, while triterpenoids and steroids occurred in the inactive extracts. Dereplication studies were employed to identify the significant metabolites via chemotaxonomic filtration and considering their previously reported bioactivities. Molecular networking was implemented to look for similarities in fragmentation patterns between the isolated saponin glycoside at m/z 1445.64 [M + formic-H]- equivalent to C64H104O33 and the putatively found active metabolite at m/z 1283.58 [M + formic-H]- corresponding to scillanoside L-1. A combination of metabolomics and bioactivity-guided approaches resulted in the isolation of a norlanostane-type saponin glycoside with antitrypanosomal activity of 98.9% inhibition at 20 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dotsha J Raheem
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed F Tawfike
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
- Computational and Analytical Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Zhang M, Shan S, Chen Y, Wang F, Yang D, Ren J, Lu H, Ping L, Chai Y. Biochar reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grains in a tungsten mining area-field experiment: effects of biochar type and dosage, rice variety, and pollution level. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:43-52. [PMID: 29948534 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice (Oryza sativa) in Southern China is a great threat to food security, and the paddy soil remediation is urgently needed to reduce Cd accumulation in rice. Application of biochar could effectively immobilize soil Cd and reduce Cd uptake by rice. Fields that were applied with soil treatments including control and 15 and 30 t ha-1 each hickory nut shell-derived biochar (KC) or maize straw-derived biochar (MC), and grown with two rice varieties (hybrid rice and late japonica rice) were selected for this study. The long-term effect of biochars on decreasing Cd bioavailability in paddy soils was evaluated. The results showed when MC was applied at 15 t ha-1, DTPA-Cd (soil cadmium extracted by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) was reduced by 20.0 and 34.5% in Field A (slightly Cd pollution) and B (moderately Cd pollution), respectively. In Field B, soil DTPA-Cd concentrations with application of 30 t ha-1 biochars were all lower than that of 15 t ha-1 biochar, but there were no significant differences between the two types of biochars. Cd concentration in rice grains and straws of hybrid rice are two times more than those of late japonica rice. Cd bio-concentration factor both of grains and straw was significantly increased by biochar application, which in Field A was higher than that in Field B. Our results suggest that biochars reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains by immobilizing soil Cd. KC has a higher potential in lowering Cd bioavailability than MC. Hybrid rice should be prohibited to cultivate in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Yonggen Chen
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Lin'an A&F Bureau, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Deyi Yang
- Jinhua Integrated Supervision and Inspection Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Jikai Ren
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Lifeng Ping
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yanjun Chai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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Yu X, Sun L. Strength, microstructure, and thermal conductivity of the insulation wallboards prepared with rice husk fiber and recycled concrete aggregates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203527. [PMID: 30231053 PMCID: PMC6145573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper intends to evaluate the influence of content of rice husk fiber and cementitious materials on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of thermal insulation wallboards. Thermal insulation wallboard contained different mass of rice husk fiber was prepared when the weight of cement, fly ash, cellulose ether, naphthalene superplasticizer, and recycled concrete aggregates was equal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the internal structure of the insulation wallboards is very dense. Compared to thermal conductivity of blank group (0.9600 W/m·°C), B2 (0.1997 W/m·°C) and C2 (0.1810 W/m·°C) measured by the DRCD-3030 intelligent thermal conductivity tester can meet certain engineering requirements. Average compressive strength, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of wallboards decreases with content of rice husk fiber increasing when other materials mass are the same. Under the same conditions of curing time and rice husk content, average compressive and flexural strength increase with the increase of the amount of cementitious material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Yu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (LS)
| | - Linzhu Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (LS)
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Shim J, Mazumder P, Kumar M. Corn cob silica as an antibacterial support for silver nanoparticles: efficacy on Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:583. [PMID: 30209616 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is great potential to combine bioresource and recycled materials with nanotechnology for industrial and environmental applications. In a novel approach, silver (Ag) nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were imbedded on amine-functionalized silica obtained from corn cob (ACCS) to produce a composite material that can be used to inactivate bacteria. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show near-uniform ACCS particles (34.7 ± 8.6 nm diameter), with Ag NPs (5-10 nm diameter) homogenously dispersed on the surfaces. The potential of ACCS-Ag NPs to rapidly inactivate gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes was investigated. A four-log (> 99.99%) inactivation of the E. coli was achieved within 30 min with 4 mg of ACCS-Ag NPs in a 40-mL PBS suspension (1 × 105 CFU/mL). Extended exposure of ACCS-Ag NP may be required to inactivate L. monocytogenes, suggesting the ACCS-Ag NP composite will be less practical for gram-positive bacteria due to thick cell wall and alternative formulations may need to be developed. Result shows that the potential of corn cob silica as an alternative, eco-friendly support matrix for applications such as bacterial inactivation. The Ag-imbedded, amine-functionalized corn cob silica demonstrates how bio-waste can be combined with nanotechnology to produce useful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Shim
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-752, South Korea
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Center for Environmental, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Room No. 336A, Block 5, Gujrat, 382355, India.
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Siegle L, Pietsch J. Taxus ingredients in the red arils of Taxus baccata L. determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29:446-451. [PMID: 29424093 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taxus baccata L. is an evergreen conifer whose plant parts are cardiotoxic. Only the red arils of the berries are described as non-toxic and taxane-free. OBJECTIVE Extraction and HPLC-MS/MS methods were developed for the investigation of the Taxus compounds 3,5-dimethoxyphenol, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, cephalomannine, taxol A and taxinine M in the red arils of the yew berries. METHODOLOGY A liquid-liquid extraction method for the red arils of the fruits from three yews were developed. An accurate (ESI+) HPLC-MS/MS method was performed for the simultaneous detection and determination of the target compounds in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS All Taxus agents obtained were detected in the red arils. Highest concentrations were determined for baccatin III and 10-deacetylbaccatin III. CONCLUSION The developed quantitative method is reliable and selective and was successfully applied for quantification of selected Taxus ingredients in red arils of Taxus baccata. It was disproved that the red arils of the berries do not contain the selected Taxus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Siegle
- Dresden University of Applied Science, Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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Al-Suod H, Pomastowski P, Ligor M, Railean-Plugaru V, Buszewski B. New approach for fast identification of cyclitols by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29:528-537. [PMID: 29732635 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the subject of many studies due to its numerous chemical constituents and beneficial properties. Among these constituents are cyclitols, which have attracted attention due to the variety of biological properties they have. OBJECTIVE A rapid and sensitive analytical procedure based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation technique with time-of-flight and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis was used for the first time for the identification of three cyclitols from different parts of alfalfa. METHODOLOGY Plant extracts were prepared and purified using Soxhlet extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Then, samples were dissolved in α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) matrix, and subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. RESULTS The ion at m/z 524.0 was distributed in all standards and in leaves and stem extracts. In turn, the signal at m/z 335.1 was found in all standards and all alfalfa extracts. The ion at m/z144.1 was found just for d-chiro-inositol and distributed in all extracts. Both signals at m/z 265.9 and 250.0 were found only in l-chiro-inositol standard and the extract of stem. However, the ion at m/z 177.1 was found in d-pinitol standard and the extract of leaves. Based on molecular weights, information on fragment ions obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS, and the chemistry of cyclitols, we successfully identified three cyclitols (d-chiro-inositol, l-chiro-inositol, d-pinitol) in different parts of alfalfa (leaves, stem, flowers). CONCLUSION The obtained results in this study proved that MALDI-TOF-MS is a rapid, sensitive and very powerful tool for identification of cyclitols within plants and has the potential to differentiate between enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Al-Suod
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Kalaruban M, Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system using four adsorbents to remove nitrate from water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:20328-20335. [PMID: 28382442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters causes environmental pollution and human health problems in many parts of the world. This study tests the nitrate removal efficiencies of two ion exchange resins (Dowex 21K XLT and iron-modified Dowex 21K XLT (Dowex-Fe)) and two chemically modified bio-adsorbents (amine-grafted corn cob (AG corn cob) and amine-grafted coconut copra (AG coconut copra)) using a dynamic adsorption treatment system. A submerged membrane (microfiltration) adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) was used for the continuous removal of nitrate with a minimal amount of adsorbents. The efficiency of membrane filtration flux and replacement rate of adsorbent were studied to determine suitable operating conditions to maintain the effluent nitrate concentration below the WHO drinking standard limit of 11.3 mg N/L. The volume of water treated and the amount of nitrate adsorbed per gramme of adsorbent for all four flux tested were in the order Dowex-Fe > Dowex > AG coconut copra > AG corn cob. The volumes of water treated (L/g adsorbent) were 0.91 and 1.85, and the amount of nitrate removed (mg N/g adsorbent) were 9.8 and 22.2 for AG corn cob and Dowex-Fe, respectively, at a flux of 15 L/(m2/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahatheva Kalaruban
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Bai X, Lai T, Zhou T, Li Y, Li X, Zhang H. In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Phenols and Oleanolic Acid from Mango Peel and Their Cytotoxic Effect on A549 Cell Line. Molecules 2018; 23:E1395. [PMID: 29890672 PMCID: PMC6100009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mango peel, the main by-product of juice processing, possesses appreciable quantities of bioactive phenolic compounds and is worthy of further utilization. The present work reports for the first time the HPLC analysis and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of mango peel phenols (MPPs) and their cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cell line. These results indicated that mango peel has the total phenolic content of 723.2 ± 0.93 mg·kg−1 dry mango peel (DMP), which consisted mainly of vanillic aldehyde, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, procyanidin B₂ and oleanolic acid. Antioxidant assays showed that MPPs had strong antioxidant activities, with 92 ± 4.2% of DPPH radical scavenging rate, 79 ± 2.5% of ABTS radical inhibition rate and 4.7 ± 0.5 μM Trolox equivalents per kg−1 DMP of ferric reducing power. Gallic acid possess a stronger antioxidant capacity than other phenols. In vitro cytotoxic tests suggested that mango peel extract (MPE) had an IC50 value of 15 mg·mL−1 and MPPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on the A549 cell line. Oleanolic acid exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 4.7 μM, which was similar with that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 10048, China.
| | - Tongfei Lai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Yicong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 10048, China.
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Garvin EM, Bridge CF, Garvin MS. Edible wild plants growing in contaminated floodplains: implications for the issuance of tribal consumption advisories within the Grand Lake watershed of northeastern Oklahoma, USA. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:999-1025. [PMID: 28466201 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal releases from the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD) that is located in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma, have contaminated floodplain soils within the Neosho and Spring river watersheds of the Grand Lake watershed. Since the Oklahoma portion of the watershed lies within ten tribal jurisdictions, the potential accumulation of metals within plant species that are gathered and consumed by tribal members, as well as the resulting metal exposure risks to tribal human health, was a warranted concern for further investigation. Within this study, a total of 36 plant species that are commonly consumed by tribes were collected from floodplain areas that were previously demonstrated to have elevated soil metal concentrations relative to reference sites. A significant, positive correlation was shown for metal concentrations in plant tissues versus soil (n = 258; Cd: R = 0.72, p = 0.00; Pb: R = 0.52, p = 0.00; and Zn: R = 0.70, p = 0.00). Additionally, a significant difference in metal concentration distributions existed between reference and impacted plant samples (n = 210, p = 0.00 for all metals). These results proved that floodplain soils are a major contamination pathway for metal accumulation within plants, and the source of metal contamination is the result of mining releases from the TSMD. Metal accumulation within plants was found to vary according to specific metal and plant species. The lowest dietary exposure out of all plant organs sampled were associated with fruit, whereas the highest was associated with roots, stem/leaves, and low-lying leafy greens. Metals in plants were compared to weekly dietary intake limits established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Based on specific serving sizes established within this study for tribal children and adults, many plant species had sufficient concentrations to warrant tribal consumption restrictions within the floodplains of Elm Creek, Grand Lake, Lost Creek, Spring River, and Tar Creek. Importantly, these results highlighted the necessity for the issuance of plant consumption advisories for tribal communities in the watershed. A consumption restriction guide on the number of allowable servings of each species per week at specific streams was developed within this study for tribal children and adults. Results also demonstrated that soil metal concentrations do not need to be exceptionally elevated relative to reference sites in order for plants to accumulate sufficient metal concentrations to exceed dietary limits for one serving. Therefore, the exposure risk associated with the consumption of plants cannot be accurately predicted solely from metal concentrations within soils, but must be based on metal concentrations within specific plant tissues on a site-by-site basis. A weekly consumption scenario was created within this study in order to better understand the potential metal dietary exposures to child and adult tribal members who consume multiple servings of multiple plant species per day, as well as benthic invertebrates and fish from the watershed. These findings demonstrated that plants pose a greater consumption exposure risk for tribal members than benthic invertebrates or fish. Therefore, without the consideration of exposure risks associated with the consumption of plants within future human health risk assessments, tribal health risks will be severely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean M Garvin
- University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, 74104, OK, USA.
| | - Cas F Bridge
- University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, 74104, OK, USA
| | - Meredith S Garvin
- Tribal Environmental Management Services, P.O. Box 335, Miami, 74355, OK, USA
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Rehman NU, Ali L, Al-Harrasi A, Mabood F, Al-Broumi M, Khan AL, Hussain H, Hussain J, Csuk R. Quantification of AKBA in Boswellia sacra Using NIRS Coupled with PLSR as an Alternative Method and Cross-Validation by HPLC. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29:137-143. [PMID: 28881407 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the pentacyclic triterpenoids, is the main biologically active constituent in the resin of Boswellia sacra and has received significant pharmacological interest in recent years. OBJECTIVE It was aimed to develop a robust method to quantify the AKBA content in methanolic extracts of different parts of B. sacra plants and in various fractions of its resin exudates through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR). MATERIAL AND METHODS The near-infrared (NIR) spectra were used to measure the AKBA standards and B. sacra samples at a wavelength range between 700 and 2500 nm in absorption mode. A PLSR model was built from the obtained spectral data using 70% of the AKBA working standard solutions (training set), ranging from 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm. The final PLSR showed a R2 value of 99% with a root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) value of 0.39% and a R2 value of 99%. RESULTS The results showed that a 50% CHCl3 /n-hexane sub-fraction has the highest concentration of AKBA (14.8%), followed by 55% CHCl3 /n-hexane (13.6%), and 40% CHCl3 /n-hexane (6.1%). CONCLUSION As the results achieved with the proposed NIRS methodology are in close agreement to the results of AKBA analysis using HPLC, we suggest that our proposed NIRS method is a fast alternative and non-destructive method for the analysis of AKBA in different samples of B. sacra. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ur Rehman
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, -616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Liaqat Ali
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, -616, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, -616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammed Al-Broumi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, -616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, -616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cao D, Wang Q, Jin J, Qiu M, Zhou L, Zhou X, Li H, Zhao Z. Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Triterpenoids in Ilex pubescens by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Phytochem Anal 2018; 29:168-179. [PMID: 28925005 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ilex pubescens Hook et Arn mainly contains triterpenoids that possess antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the triterpenoids in I. pubescens can be useful for determining the authenticity and quality of raw materials and guiding its clinical preparation. OBJECTIVES To establish a method for rapid and comprehensive analysis of triterpenoids in I. pubescens using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), which will also be applied to evaluate the contents of nine triterpenoids among root, root heartwood and root bark of I. pubescens to judge the value of the root bark to avoid wastage. METHODS UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS data from the extracts of I. pubescens in negative mode were analysed using Peakview and Masterview software that provided molecular weight, mass errors, isotope pattern fit and MS/MS fragments for the identification of triterpenoids. The quantification of nine investigated compounds of I. pubescens was accomplished using MultiQuant software. RESULTS A total of 33 triterpenoids, five phenolic acids, two lignans and a flavonol were characterised in only 14 min. The total content of the nine compounds in the root bark was generally slightly higher than that of the root and root heartwood, which has not been reported before. CONCLUSION The developed UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was proven to be rapid and comprehensive for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of the characteristic triterpenoids in I. pubescens. The results may provide a basis for holistic quality control and metabolic studies of I. pubescens, as well as serve as a reference for the analysis of other Ilex plants. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Maosong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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Pellegrini E, Petranich E, Acquavita A, Canário J, Emili A, Covelli S. Mercury uptake by halophytes in response to a long-term contamination in coastal wetland salt marshes (northern Adriatic Sea). Environ Geochem Health 2017; 39:1273-1289. [PMID: 28555279 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) distribution in saltmarsh sediments and in three selected halophytes (Limonium narbonense, Sarcocornia fruticosa and Atriplex portulacoides) of a wetland system (Marano and Grado Lagoon, Italy) following a contamination gradient in sediments was investigated. The Hg uptake was evaluated at the root system level by calculating the enrichment factor (EF) and in the aboveground tissues by means of the translocation factor (TF). The related methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in the halophytes were also investigated with regard to the location of the sites and their degree of contamination. Hg concentration in halophytes seemed poorly correlated both with the total Hg in rhizo-sediments and with the specific plant considered, supporting the evidence that the chemico-physical parameters of sediments could significantly affect metal availability for plants. Hg concentrations in roots increased with depth and were 20-fold higher than content measured in related rhizo-sediments (high EF). A low content of Hg is translocated in aboveground tissues (very low TF values), thus highlighting a kind of avoidance strategy of these halophytes against Hg toxicity. MeHg values were comparable between the two sites and among species, but the translocation from below- to aboveground plant tissues was more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pellegrini
- Department of Agro-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - E Petranich
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Acquavita
- ARPA FVG, Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy
| | - J Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instítuto Superíor Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Emili
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Covelli
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
- Co.N.I.S.Ma. Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy.
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Shawky E, Selim DA. Evaluation of the effect of extraction solvent and organ selection on the chemical profile of Astragalus spinosus using HPTLC- multivariate image analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:134-138. [PMID: 28734161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Dina A Selim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Duncan EG, Maher WA, Foster SD, Krikowa F, O'Sullivan CA, Roper MM. Dimethylarsenate (DMA) exposure influences germination rates, arsenic uptake and arsenic species formation in wheat. Chemosphere 2017; 181:44-54. [PMID: 28419900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of cereals with arsenic (As) is a global health and agronomic concern. This study compared the physiological response, As uptake and As speciation in the grains and above ground tissues of 20 wheat cultivars exposed to 5 mg As kg-1 soil as either arsenate (AsV) or dimethylarsenate (DMA) under glasshouse conditions. Germination rates for the majority of cultivars exceeded 80% for the majority of cultivars when exposed to AsV, but fell significantly to 20-40% when exposed to DMA. For a number of cultivars, grain yields were 20-50% lower when plants were exposed to DMA compared to AsV. Grain As concentrations were between 0.6 and 1.6 μg As g-1 grain across the twenty cultivars when exposed to AsV, whereas grain As concentrations were much higher (2.2-4.6 μg As g-1 grain) when exposed to DMA. When plants were exposed to AsV, 100% of the As present in the grain was found as inorganic As while in plants exposed to DMA, 70-90% of As was present as DMA with the remainder found as inorganic As. DMA is believed to be incorporated by plants via silica (Si) acid channels and assessment of grain Si concentrations demonstrated that up to 40% less Si was accumulated in grains when plants were exposed to DMA. The decreased germination rates and grain yields in the presence of DMA is similar to the symptoms described for straight head disease in rice, which has been linked to DMA exposure. The results presented here indicate some analogous processes occur in wheat to those described in rice. We hypothesise that exposure to DMA may have inhibited Si-metabolism and translocation which resulted in both developmental impairment and possibly an increased susceptibility to soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott G Duncan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - William A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Simon D Foster
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frank Krikowa
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cathryn A O'Sullivan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Margaret M Roper
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
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Liu J, Zhang X, Mo L, Yao S, Wang Y. Decapitation improves the efficiency of Cd phytoextraction by Celosia argentea Linn. Chemosphere 2017; 181:382-389. [PMID: 28458213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of decapitation on enhancing plant growth and Cd accumulation in Celosia argentea Linn. was evaluated using a pot experiment. Decapitation significantly enhanced the growth of C. argentea. The numbers of branch and leaf in the decapitated plants (DP) were significantly higher than those in undecapitated plants (UDP, p < 0.05). Decapitation increased the biomass by 75%-105% for roots, 108%-152% for stems, and 80%-107% for leaves. Although the transpiration and photosynthesis rates were not significantly different between DP and UPD, decapitation significantly increased the total leaf area and total transpiration per plant (p < 0.05). The higher total transpiration per plant resulted in a higher leaf Cd concentration in DP. DP accumulated Cd in shoots (197, 275, and 425 μg plant-1) that were 2.5-2.8 times higher than UDP (78, 108, and 152 μg plant-1), with the soils containing 1, 5, and 10 mg kg-1 Cd. Results suggested that decapitation is a novel and convenient method to improve the phytoextraction efficiency of C. argentea in Cd contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingyun Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Mostofa MG, Hossain MA, Siddiqui MN, Fujita M, Tran LS. Phenotypical, physiological and biochemical analyses provide insight into selenium-induced phytotoxicity in rice plants. Chemosphere 2017; 178:212-223. [PMID: 28324842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the phenotypical, physiological and biochemical changes of rice plants exposed to high selenium (Se) concentrations to gain an insight into Se-induced phytotoxicity. Results showed that exposure of rice plants to excessive Se resulted in growth retardation and biomass reduction in connection with the decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The reduced water status and an associated increase in sugar and proline levels indicated Se-induced osmotic stress in rice plants. Measurements of Se contents in roots, leaf sheaths and leaves revealed that Se was highly accumulated in leaves followed by leaf sheaths and roots. Se also potentiated its toxicity by impairing oxidative metabolism, as evidenced by enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation product. Se toxicity also displayed a desynchronized antioxidant system by elevating the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas decreasing the level of ascorbic acid and the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase. Furthermore, Se triggered methylglyoxal toxicity by inhibiting the activities of glyoxalases I and II, particularly at higher concentrations of Se. Collectively, our results suggest that excessive Se caused phytotoxic effects on rice plants by inducing chlorosis, reducing sugar, protein and antioxidant contents, and exacerbating oxidative stress and methylglyoxal toxicity. Accumulation levels of Se, proline and glutathione could be considered as efficient biomarkers to indicate degrees of Se-induced phytotoxicity in rice, and perhaps in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Shi X, Wu Y, Lv T, Wang Y, Fu Y, Sun M, Shi Q, Huo C, Wang Q, Gu Y. A chemometric-assisted LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 17 limonoids from different parts of Xylocarpus granatum fruit. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4669-4679. [PMID: 28536790 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yibing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Tao Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Changhong Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Jealotts Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
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El Ayeb-Zakhama A, Sakka-Rouis L, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Harzallah-Skhiri F. Chemical Composition and Allelopathic Potential of Essential Oils from Citharexylum spinosum L. Grown in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27685082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Citharexylum spinosum L. (Verbenaceae) also known as Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. or Citharexylum fruticosum L. is an exotic tree introduced many years ago in Tunisia, specially used as a street and park ornamental tree. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation of the different parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits; drupes) collected from trees grown in the area of Monastir (Tunisia). In total, 84 compounds, representing 90.1 - 98.4% of the whole oil composition, were identified by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The root EO was distinguished by its high content in monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-phellandrene; 30.8%) whereas that obtained from stems was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (cuparene; 16.4%). The leaf oil was rich in an apocarotenoid derivative (hexahydrofarnesylacetone; 26%) and an aliphatic hydrocarbon (nonadecane; 14.5%). Flowers oil was rich in esters (2-phenylethyl benzoate; 33.5%). Finally, drupes oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (β-eudesmol; 33.1%). Flowers oil showed a significant phytotoxic effect against lettuce seeds germination, it induces a total inhibition when tested at 1 mg/ml. Root and shoot elongation seemed to be more affected than germination. The inhibition of the shoot length varied from 3.6% to 100% and that of the root from 16.1% to 100%. The highest inhibition of 100% was detected for flower oil tested at 1 mg/ml. Our in vitro studies suggest a possible and new alternative use of C. spinosum EOs in herbicidal formulations, further experiments involving field conditions are necessary to confirm its herbicidal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Ayeb-Zakhama
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Sakka-Rouis
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, IT-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Karuppanapandian T, Geilfus CM, Mühling KH, Novák O, Gloser V. Early changes of the pH of the apoplast are different in leaves, stem and roots of Vicia faba L. under declining water availability. Plant Sci 2017; 255:51-58. [PMID: 28131341 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in pH of the apoplast have recently been discussed as an important factor in adjusting transpiration and water relations under conditions of drought via modulatory effect on abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Using Vicia faba L., we investigated whether changes in the root, shoot and leaf apoplastic pH correlated with (1) a drought-induced reduction in transpiration and with (2) changes in ABA concentration. Transpiration, leaf water potential and ABA in leaves were measured and correlated with root and shoot xylem pH, determined by a pH microelectrode, and pH of leaf apoplast quantified by microscopy-based in vivo ratiometric analysis. Results revealed that a reduction in transpiration rate in the early phase of soil drying could not be linked with changes in the apoplastic pH via effects on the stomata-regulating hormone ABA. Moreover, drought-induced increase in pH of xylem or leaf apoplast was not the remote effect of an acropetal transport of alkaline sap from root, because root xylem acidified during progressive soil drying, whereas the shoot apoplast alkalized. We reason that other, yet unknown signalling mechanism was responsible for reduction of transpiration rate in the early phase of soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C-M Geilfus
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Crop Science, Division of Crop Product Quality, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K-H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - O Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - V Gloser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
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Türker-Kaya S, Huck CW. A Review of Mid-Infrared and Near-Infrared Imaging: Principles, Concepts and Applications in Plant Tissue Analysis. Molecules 2017; 22:E168. [PMID: 28117673 PMCID: PMC6155813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cells, tissues and organs are composed of various biomolecules arranged as structurally diverse units, which represent heterogeneity at microscopic levels. Molecular knowledge about those constituents with their localization in such complexity is very crucial for both basic and applied plant sciences. In this context, infrared imaging techniques have advantages over conventional methods to investigate heterogeneous plant structures in providing quantitative and qualitative analyses with spatial distribution of the components. Thus, particularly, with the use of proper analytical approaches and sampling methods, these technologies offer significant information for the studies on plant classification, physiology, ecology, genetics, pathology and other related disciplines. This review aims to present a general perspective about near-infrared and mid-infrared imaging/microspectroscopy in plant research. It is addressed to compare potentialities of these methodologies with their advantages and limitations. With regard to the organization of the document, the first section will introduce the respective underlying principles followed by instrumentation, sampling techniques, sample preparations, measurement, and an overview of spectral pre-processing and multivariate analysis. The last section will review selected applications in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Türker-Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Popoola TD, Awodele O, Omisanya A, Obi N, Umezinwa C, Fatokun AA. Three indigenous plants used in anti-cancer remedies, Garcinia kola Heckel (stem bark), Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (root) and Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (root) show analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 194:440-449. [PMID: 27686270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phytochemicals with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties are known to inhibit tumour initiation, promotion and progression. Hence, there is an increasingly-convincing rationale for employing remedies containing those phytochemicals in the treatment of cancers and also as analgesic and anti-inflammatory adjuvants in therapy. The plants Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae), stem bark; Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae), root; and Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae), root, have been documented to be part of various indigenous anti-cancer regimens. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine if the three plants exhibit significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using established models, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the three plants were investigated. RESULTS Pre-treatment with the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg produced inhibition of writhes; G. kola and U. chamae showed no significant effect on formalin-induced pain, but O. subscorpioidea produced inhibition in both phases of the formalin test. Similarly, while G. kola and U. chamae did not produce any significant inhibitory effect in the xylene-induced ear oedema model, the oedema was significantly reduced by O. subscorpioidea pre-treatment. However, all the three plants significantly inhibited the time-dependent increase in paw circumference in the carrageenan- and formaldehyde-induced rat paw oedema tests, with peak effects observed at 400mg/kg, 6h after the induction of oedema, comparable in some cases to the effects of two standard drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and the anti-inflammatory antibiotic doxycycline. CONCLUSION We conclude that the three plant extracts possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, thus providing a scientific rationale for their inclusion in some traditional anti-cancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo D Popoola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olufunsho Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeola Omisanya
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nkechinyerem Obi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Umezinwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK.
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Singh D, Baghel US, Gautam A, Baghel DS, Yadav D, Malik J, Yadav R. The genus Anogeissus: A review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 194:30-56. [PMID: 27566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Anogeissus (axlewood tree, ghatti tree, button tree and chewing stick tree) belongs to Combretaceae, includes eight species that are distributed in Asia and Africa. Plants are used as an ethnomedicine in Asia and Africa to treat various ailments like diabetes, fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, tuberculosis, wound healing, skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis), snake and scorpion venom. Based on the traditional knowledge, different phytochemical and pharmacological activities have been at the focus of research. The aim of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological research and toxicity of Anogeissus species in order to identify their therapeutic potential and directs future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant data was searched by using the keyword "Anogeissus" in "Scopus", "Google Scholar", "Web of Science", "PubMed", and "ScienceDirect" databases. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List" and A.J. Scott, 1979. RESULTS This review discusses the current knowledge of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and in vitro as well as in vivo pharmacological evaluations carried out on the extracts and isolated main active constituents of Anogeissus genus. Among eight species, most of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies were performed on four species. About 55 secondary metabolites are isolated from the genus. Stem bark, leaf, seed, fruit, root of the plants are used for the treatment of several health disorders such as diabetes, fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, tuberculosis, wound healing, skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis), snake and scorpion venom. Gum ghatti obtained from Anogeissus latifolia is used after delivery as tonic and in spermatorrhoea. Many phytochemical investigations on this genus confirmed that it is rich in phenolic compounds. Modern pharmacology research has confirmed that the crude extracts or the isolated active compounds of the genus Anogeissus possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, wound healing, antiulcer, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetics, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antiparasitic and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms that some Anogeissus species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicine for wound healing, inflammation, skin diseases, microbial infection and diabetes. Many traditional uses of Anogeissus species have now been validated by modern pharmacology research. Intensive investigations of all the species of Anogeissus regarding phytochemical and pharmacological properties, especially their mechanism of action, safety and efficacy could be the future research interests before starting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India; Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India
| | | | | | | | - Divya Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
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Li YH, Tan YF, Wei N, Zhang JQ. DIURETIC AND ANTI-DIURETIC BIOACTIVITY DIFFERENCES OF THE SEED AND SHELL EXTRACTS OF ALPINIA OXYPHYLLA FRUIT. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2016; 13:25-32. [PMID: 28487890 PMCID: PMC5416641 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpinia oxyphylla fruit (AOF, Yizhi in Chinese) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-diuretic agent and composed of two parts i.e. seed and shell. These two parts have different components, but the bioactivity differences of the two parts are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the different anti-diuretic effects of the seed and shell of AOF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential bioactive components were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The diuretic and anti-diuretic activity was determined with saline-loads rats. RESULTS The results showed that the 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of SREAO displayed a short-time anti-diuretic activity 1h after administration and then a significant diuretic activity was being observed at 5-6 h in 400mg/kg group of SREAO. And the 400mg/kg doses of SREAO also showed a remarkable increase for electrolyte excretion of K+. Three sesquiterpene compounds, namely oxyphyllol A (1), oxyphyllol B (2), and nootkatone (3) were identified from the active SREAO fraction by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. CONCLUSION The seed part of Alpinia oxyphylla possessed pronounced diuretic and anti-diuretic effect. The sesquiterpene components are the major constituents and possibly contributed the diuretic and anti-diuretic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-hui Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yin-feng Tan
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun-qing Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Malik FT, Clement RM, Gethin DT, Kiernan M, Goral T, Griffiths P, Beynon D, Parker AR. Hierarchical structures of cactus spines that aid in the directional movement of dew droplets. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20160110. [PMID: 27354735 PMCID: PMC4928504 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three species of cactus whose spines act as dew harvesters were chosen for this study: Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana, Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis and Parodia mammulosa and compared with Ferocactus wislizenii whose spines do not perform as dew harvesters. Time-lapse snapshots of C. cinerea showed movement of dew droplets from spine tips to their base, even against gravity. Spines emanating from one of the areoles of C. cinerea were submerged in water laced with fluorescent nanoparticles and this particular areole with its spines and a small area of stem was removed and imaged. These images clearly showed that fluorescent water had moved into the stem of the plant. Lines of vascular bundles radiating inwards from the surface areoles (from where the spines emanate) to the core of the stem were detected using magnetic resonance imaging, with the exception of F. wislizenii that does not harvest dew on its spines. Spine microstructures were examined using SEM images and surface roughness measurements (Ra and Rz) taken of the spines of C. cinerea It was found that a roughness gradient created by tapered microgrooves existed that could potentially direct surface water from a spine tip to its base.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Malik
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R M Clement
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D T Gethin
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M Kiernan
- Cyden, Technium Two, Kings Road, Swansea SA1 8PJ, UK
| | - T Goral
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD,, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- The Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - D Beynon
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A R Parker
- Green Templeton College, Oxford University, 43 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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Ji AJ, Luo HM, Xu ZC, Zhang X, Zhu YJ, Liao BS, Yao H, Song JY, Chen SL. Genome-Wide Identification of the AP2/ERF Gene Family Involved in Active Constituent Biosynthesis in. Plant Genome 2016; 9. [PMID: 27898817 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.08.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones and phenolic acids are the major bioactive constituents in the traditional medicinal crop ; however, transcription factors (TFs) are seldom investigated with regard to their regulation of the biosynthesis of these compounds. Here a complete overview of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family in is provided, including phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, and gene expression profiles of different organs (root, stem, leaf, flower) and root tissues (periderm, phloem, xylem). In total, 170 AP2/ERF genes were identified and divided into five relatively conserved subfamilies, including AP2 (25 genes), DREB (61 genes), ethylene responsive factor (ERF; 79 genes), RAV (4 genes), and Soloist (1 gene). According to the distribution of bioactive constituents and the expression patterns of AP2/ERF genes in different organs and root tissues, the genes related to the biosynthesis of bioactive constituents were selected. On the basis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, coexpression analysis, and the prediction of -regulatory elements in the promoters, we propose that two genes ( and ) regulate tanshinone biosynthesis and two genes ( and ) participate in controlling phenolic acid biosynthesis. The genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis belong to the ERF-B3 subgroup. In contrast, the genes predicted to regulate phenolic acid biosynthesis belong to the ERF-B1 and ERF-B4 subgroups. These results provide a foundation for future functional characterization of AP2/ERF genes to enhance the biosynthesis of the bioactive compounds of .
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Saki K, Bahmani M, Rafieianb-Kopaei MD, Asadollahi K, Emaneini M, Taherikalani M. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants with narcotic, sedative and analgesic effects in west of Iran. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:807-810. [PMID: 27655502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The first step for identification of medicinal plants and their therapeutic effects is to determine their use by local people, traditional medicine books and personal experiences. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used as analgesic, sedative or narcotic agents by local residents of Dehloran, Iran. Interviews conducted with 53 informants (38 male and 15 female) revealed that a total of 32 medicinal plants belonging to 22 families are used in Dehloran as narcotic, sedative and analgesic agents. The most utilized plant families were Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Approximately 74% of the utilized plants was attributed to herbs, followed by trees (13%) and shrubs (13%). Sixty-six percent of the medicinal plants used in the study area were perennial and the rest were annual or biannual. The most widely used plant parts were flowers (34%) followed by leaves (24%) and fruits (14%). Thirty-nine percent of the medicinal plants were used as sedatives, 39% as analgesics, and 24% as narcotics. Recommended plants in this study can be good candidates for further clinical and laboratory trials on diseases that are associated with pain, suffering, stress and depression. They also can be used to develop new sedative, narcotic and analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saki
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bahmani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - M D Rafieianb-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - K Asadollahi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Taherikalani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Iloki-Assanga SB, Lewis-Luján LM, Lara-Espinoza CL, Gil-Salido AA, Fernandez-Angulo D, Rubio-Pino JL, Haines DD. Solvent effects on phytochemical constituent profiles and antioxidant activities, using four different extraction formulations for analysis of Bucida buceras L. and Phoradendron californicum. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:396. [PMID: 26323940 PMCID: PMC4553924 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present investigation evaluated 4 different solvent compositions for their relative capacity to extract total phenolic and total flavonoid (TF) components of the leaves, trunks, and stems of Bucida buceras L. (Combretaceae), and the stems of Phoradendron californicum (Viscaceae), plus mesquite and oak species endemic to the Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and tropical regions of Central and South America, as well as to profile the composition of these plant materials and to measure their antioxidant capacity. METHODS The total phenolic content of plant material used in the present investigation was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Total flavonoids were assayed by AlCl3 and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazin colorimetry. Nitroblue tetrazolium was utilized for scavenging of superoxide anion, and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power assays. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of each plant extract evaluated revealed the following major results: (1) No evidence of alkaloids for each of the extraction phases tested was detected in the hexanic, ethanolic, or aqueous phases of Bucida buceras and Phoradendron californicum (oak and mesquite); (2) Analysis of the hexane phase of B. buceras and P. californicum (mesquite) extracts revealed the presence of carotenes, triterpenes/steroids, and lactonic groups; (3) Analysis of the ethanol and aqueous extraction phases for both plants revealed the presence of a diverse range of compounds, including tripterpenes/steroids, lactonics groups, saponins, phenols/tannins, amines and/or amino acids, and flavonoids/anthocyanins; and (4) The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in P. californicum (oak): 523.886 ± 51.457 µg GAE/mg extract and 409.651 ± 23.091 µg/mg of extract for methanol and aqueous fractions, respectively. The highest flavonoid content was 237.273 ± 21.250 µg PNE/mg extract in the acetone extract of Bucida buceras stems; while the flavonol content (260.685 ± 23.031 µg CE/mg extract) was higher in the ethanol extract of P. californicum (oak). The acetone extract of B. buceras trunk extract showed the highest levels of DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.136 ± 0.446 µg/mL) and reducing power (4928.392 ± 281.427 µM AAE/mg extract). The highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC50) was 55.249 ± 9.829 µg/mL, observed in acetone extracts of B. buceras leaves. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present investigation demonstrated the effects of extraction solvent on phenolic and flavonoid content yield-and antioxidant activities by Bucida buceras and Phoradendron californicum. The present investigation further revealed that Bucida buceras exhibited optimal antioxidant capacity when acetone was used as extraction solvent; and the highest yield of phenols and flavonoids were obtained from the P. californicum oak, using methanol and aqueous solvents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Iloki-Assanga
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys M Lewis-Luján
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Claudia L Lara-Espinoza
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Armida A Gil-Salido
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Daniela Fernandez-Angulo
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jose L Rubio-Pino
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., Blvd. García Morales, Km. 6.5 # 330. El Llano, 83210, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - David D Haines
- Summative Synergy Pharmaceuticals Group (SSPG) LLC, 2040 S. Alma School Road, Suite 1, No. 255, Chandler, AZ, 85286, USA.
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Wang KY, Zhang MP, Li C, Jiang SC, Yin R, Sun CY, Wang Y. [Correlation of gene expression related to amount of ginseng saponin in 15 tissues and 6 kinds of ginseng saponin biosynthesis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:3168-3173. [PMID: 26790286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen tissues of 4-year-old fruit repining stage Jilin ginseng were chosen as materials, six kinds of monomer saponins (ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd) content in 15 tissues was measured by HPLC and vanillin-sulfuric acid method. The relative expression of FPS, SQS, SQE, OSC, β-AS and P450 genes in 15 tissues was analyzed by real-time PCR. The correlations between ginseng saponin content in 15 tissues of Jilin ginseng and biosynthetic pathway -related genes were obtained. The results showed that was a synergistic increase and decrease trend of positive linear correlation among six kinds of monomer saponin content, and there was a significantly (P < 0.01) positive correlation between monomer saponin content and total saponins content. Monomer saponin content and 6 kinds of enzyme gene correlation were different. Biosynthesis of ginseng total saponins and monomer saponin were regulated by six kinds of participation ginsenoside biosynthesis enzyme genes, the expression of these six kinds of genes in different tissues of ginseng showed collaborative increase and decrease trend, and regulated biosynthesis of ginseng ginsenoside by group coordinative manner.
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Schai-Braun SC, Reichlin TS, Ruf T, Klansek E, Tataruch F, Arnold W, Hackländer K. The European Hare (Lepus europaeus): A Picky Herbivore Searching for Plant Parts Rich in Fat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134278. [PMID: 26230115 PMCID: PMC4521881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
European hares of both sexes rely on fat reserves, particularly during the reproduc-tive season. Therefore, hares should select dietary plants rich in fat and energy. However, hares also require essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to reproduce and survive. Although hares are able to absorb PUFA selectively in their gastrointestinal tract, it is unknown whether this mechanism is sufficient to guarantee PUFA supply. Thus, diet selection may involve a trade-off between a preference for energy versus a preference for crucial nutrients, namely PUFA. We compared plant and nutrient availability and use by hares in an arable landscape in Austria over three years. We found that European hares selected their diet for high energy content (crude fat and crude protein), and avoided crude fibre. There was no evidence of a preference for plants rich in LA and ALA. We conclude that fat is the limiting resource for this herbivorous mammal, whereas levels of LA and ALA in forage are sufficiently high to meet daily requirements, especially since their uptake is enhanced by physiological mechanisms. Animals selected several plant taxa all year round, and preferences did not simply correlate with crude fat content. Hence, European hares might not only select for plant taxa rich in fat, but also for high-fat parts of preferred plant taxa. As hares preferred weeds/grasses and various crop types while avoiding cereals, we suggest that promoting heterogeneous habitats with high crop diversity and set-asides may help stop the decline of European hares throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie C. Schai-Braun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas S. Reichlin
- Division of Animal Welfare, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ruf
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erich Klansek
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frieda Tataruch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Hackländer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Huang Y, Tong C, Xu F, Chen Y, Zhang C, Bao J. Variation in mineral elements in grains of 20 brown rice accessions in two environments. Food Chem 2015; 192:873-8. [PMID: 26304423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Twenty rice accessions were planted in Hainan province, China, for 2 years to investigate the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on the Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents in brown rice. Analysis of variance showed that the Ca, Na and K were mainly affected by the genotypic variance, whereas the Fe, Zn and Cu were mainly affected by the environment variance. The genotype × environment interaction effects for Mg, Na, Zn, and Cu were highly significant (P < 0.001), though it only accounted for a small proportion of the total variation (0.5-16.3%). The correlation analyses showed that Mg was significantly positively correlated with K, Fe, and Zn. A total of 9 and 8 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were identified in 2011 and 2012, respectively, which were strongly associated with for Ca, Cu, K, Na, and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yaling Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Caiya Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Jorrín-Novo JV, Pascual J, Sánchez-Lucas R, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Lenz C, Valledor L. Fourteen years of plant proteomics reflected in Proteomics: moving from model species and 2DE-based approaches to orphan species and gel-free platforms. Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 25487722 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.2014000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the topic of plant proteomics is reviewed based on related papers published in the journal Proteomics since publication of the first issue in 2001. In total, around 300 original papers and 41 reviews published in Proteomics between 2000 and 2014 have been surveyed. Our main objective for this review is to help bridge the gap between plant biologists and proteomics technologists, two often very separate groups. Over the past years a number of reviews on plant proteomics have been published . To avoid repetition we have focused on more recent literature published after 2010, and have chosen to rather make continuous reference to older publications. The use of the latest proteomics techniques and their integration with other approaches in the "systems biology" direction are discussed more in detail. Finally we comment on the recent history, state of the art, and future directions of plant proteomics, using publications in Proteomics to illustrate the progress in the field. The review is organized into two major blocks, the first devoted to provide an overview of experimental systems (plants, plant organs, biological processes) and the second one to the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
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Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ma R, Shen J, Wu J, Tang Z, Shen Q, Zhao FJ. Impact of agronomic practices on arsenic accumulation and speciation in rice grain. Environ Pollut 2014; 194:217-223. [PMID: 25150455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a major source of dietary arsenic (As). The effects of paddy water management, straw incorporation, the applications of nitrogen fertilizer or organic manure, and the additions of biochar on arsenic accumulation and speciation in rice grain were investigated under field conditions over four cropping seasons in Hunan, China. Treatments that promoted anaerobic conditions in the soil, including continuous flooding and straw incorporation, significantly increased the concentration of As, especially methylated As species, in rice grain, whereas N application rate and biochar additions had little or inconsistent effect. Continuous flooding and straw incorporation also increased the abundance of the arsenite methyltransferase gene arsM in the soil, potentially enhancing As methylation in the soil and the uptake of methylated As by rice plants. Intermittent flooding was an effective method to decrease As accumulation in rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Singha I, Das SK. Antioxidant potential of different grape cultivars against Fenton-like reagent-induced liver damage ex-vivo. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014; 51:372-377. [PMID: 25630107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemicals present in the grapes are responsible for nutraceutical and health benfits due to their antioxidant properties. These phytochemicals, however, vary greatly among different cultivars. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant potential and protective role of four different Indian grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars extracts, namely Flame seedless (Black grapes), Kishmish chorni (Black with reddish brown), Red globe (Red) and Thompson seedless mutant (Sonaka, Green) against the Fenton-like reagent (200 μmole H2O2, 2 mmole ascorbate, 25 μmole FeSO4)-induced liver damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were highest in the grape seed, followed by skin and pulp. Among edible parts of different cultivars, skin of Flame seedless (Black) cultivar showed highest antioxidant potential, while the Thompson seedless the least potential. These antioxidants were found to be significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the levels of total phenol, flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Fenton-like reagent treatment significantly (P < 0.001) decreased GSH content by 39.1% and activities of catalase (CAT) by 43.2% and glutathione reductase (GR) by 60%, while increasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide levels by 2.13-fold and 0.64-fold, respectively and GST activity by 0.81-fold. Pre-treatment with grape seed extracts showed the best hepatoprotective action against Fenton-like reagent-induced damage, followed by the extracts of skin and pulp of any cultivar. Thus, our study showed the significant amounts of antioxidants were in grape seed, followed by its skin and pulp, which varied among the cultivars and was associated with the protective action of grape extracts against Fenton-like reagent-induced liver damage ex-vivo.
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Matijevic L, Romic D, Romic M. Soil organic matter and salinity affect copper bioavailability in root zone and uptake by Vicia faba L. plants. Environ Geochem Health 2014; 36:883-896. [PMID: 24760619 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Processes that control the mobility, transformation and toxicity of metals in soil are of special importance in the root-developing zone. For this reason, there is a considerable interest in understanding trace elements (TEs) behavior in soil, emphasising the processes by which plants take them up. Increased root-zone salinity can affect plant TEs uptake and accumulation in plant tissue. Furthermore, copper (Cu) complexation by soil organic matter (SOM) is an effective mechanism of Cu retention in soils, controlling thus its bioavailability. Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil Cu contamination in a saline environment on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) element uptake. Treatment with NaCl salinity was applied (control, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants grown in a control and in a soil spiked with Cu (250 and 500 mg kg(-1)). Low and high SOM content trial variants were studied. Cu accumulation occurred in faba bean leaf, pod and seed. Cu contamination affected plant element concentrations in leaves (Na, Ca, Mg, Mn), pod (Zn, Mn) and seed (Mn, Mo, Zn). Root-zone salinity also affected faba bean element concentrations. Furthermore, Cu contamination-salinity and salinity-SOM interactions were significant for pod Cu concentration, suggesting that Cu phytoavailability could be affected by these interactions. Future research will be focused on the mechanisms of Cu translocation in plant and adaptation aspects of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Matijevic
- Department of Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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46
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Klink A, Stankiewicz A, Wisłocka M, Polechońska L. Macro- and microelement distribution in organs of Glyceria maxima and biomonitoring applications. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:4057-4065. [PMID: 24549943 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The content of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni) in water, bottom sediments and various organs of Glyceria maxima from 19 study sites selected in the Jeziorka River was determined. In general, the concentrations of nutrients recorded in the plant material decreased in the following order: leaf>root>rhizome>stem, while the concentrations of the trace elements showed the following accumulation scheme: root>rhizome>leaf>stem. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors for nutrients were significantly higher than for trace metals. G. maxima from agricultural fields was characterised by the highest P and K concentrations in leaves, and plants from forested land contained high Zn and Ni amounts. However, the manna grass from small localities showed high accumulation of Ca, Mg and Mn. Positive significant correlations between Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni concentrations in water or sediments and their concentrations in plant indicate that G. maxima may be employed as a biomonitor of trace element contamination. Moreover, a high degree of similarity was noted between self-organizing feature map (SOFM)-grouped sites of comparable quantities of elements in the water and sediments and sites where G. maxima had a corresponding content of the same elements in its leaves. Therefore, SOFM could be recommended in analysing ecological conditions of the environment from the perspective of nutrients and trace element content in different plant species and their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Klink
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland,
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Güleryüz G, Arslan H, Izgi B, Güçer S. Element Content (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the Ruderal Plant Verbascum olympicum Boiss. from East Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:357-62. [PMID: 16869493 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2006-5-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, heavy metal content (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined in soils and different organs of Verbascum olympicum Boiss. This species is endemic to Uludağ and spreads on destroyed areas such as: roadsides, developed building areas, ski lift stations and sheep folds. Soils and different organs (roots, stems, leaves and flowers) of plant samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for determining the element content. Heavy metal contents in soils and different organs in this species were highly correlated (P < 0.05). However, the contribution of plant organs to the accumulation capacity varied according to the metal. These results suggest that this species may be useful as a bioindicator for heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürcan Güleryüz
- Uludağ University, Science and Arts Faculty, Biology Department, Görükle, 16059 Nilüfer Bursa, Turkey.
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El-Shazly A, Dorai G, Wink M. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and HexaneÐEther Extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (DC.) Feinbr. and Fertig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 57:620-3. [PMID: 12240986 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2002-7-812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Tanacetum santolinoides was analyzed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. Altogether 30 components were identified. The main constituents were thymol (18%), trans-thujone (17.5%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.2%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.2%), umbellulone (9.7%) and 1,8-cineole (4.7%). Similar essential oil pattern in addition to palmitic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, sitosterol and two flavonoidal aglycons were found in the n-hexane-ether extract. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Lone SH, Bhat KA, Bhat HM, Majeed R, Anand R, Hamid A, Khuroo MA. Essential oil composition of Senecio graciliflorus DC: comparative analysis of different parts and evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:919-925. [PMID: 24629598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil of different parts of Senecio graciliflorus DC was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS for the first time. A total of 17, 20, 19 and 17 constituents were identified comprising 99.90, 95.50, 98.93 and 95.96% of the essential oil of flower, leaf, stem and root parts of Senecio graciliflorus respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated in the essential oil with 85.28% in flower, 57.53% in leaf, 67.74% in stem and 64.98% in root oil. α-pinene, cis-ocimene, 1,2,3-trimethylcyclohexane and β-pinene were the major constituents of the essential oil. The flower essential oil exhibited a strong antioxidant potential displaying IC50 values of 21.6±0.6 and 26.0±1.0μg/ml in DPPH and hydroxyl radical assays respectively. On the other hand the essential oil of flower and root displayed highest cytotoxicity against lung (A-549) cancer cell lines (IC50=19.1±0.9 and 21.3±1.1μg/ml respectively. This study which represents the first report of the essential oil composition and bioevaluation of Senecio graciliflorus, can serve as a new source of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H Lone
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khursheed A Bhat
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Haroon M Bhat
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rajneesh Anand
- Instrumentation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd A Khuroo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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Liang Z, Oh K, Wang Y, Yi T, Chen H, Zhao Z. Cell type-specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of saikosaponins in three Bupleurum species using laser microdissection and liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 97:157-65. [PMID: 24863374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell type-specific metabolite analysis is a promising method for understanding plant metabolite production, function, transport and storage. In the present study, laser microdissection (LMD) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry are combined to determine where secondary metabolites are accumulated in the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd, Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum falcatum L. Four tissues, namely cork, cortex, phloem and xylem, were microdissected by laser microdissection, and their chemical profiles were analyzed. The main metabolites are saikosaponins. Different tissues contained different saikosaponins. Generally, the cork and cortex from all three species contained more types of saikosaponins and higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than did the phloem and xylem. Interestingly, in the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and B. falcatum, the cork contained much higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than did the cortex; while in the root of B. chinense, the cortex contained higher contents of saikosaponins a, c and d than the cork. Explanation and application of the results are discussed. The present findings yield valuable insights into the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix by morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kayan Oh
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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