1
|
KHALLAAYOUNE M, GRANGE F, CONDAMINA M, SZABLEWSKI V, GUILLOT B, DEREURE O. Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T-cell Lymphoma: Not an Aggressive Disease in All Cases. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00035. [PMID: 31612963 PMCID: PMC9128963 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi KHALLAAYOUNE
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier and INSERM U1058, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, FR-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | | | | | | | - Bernard GUILLOT
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier and INSERM U1058, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, FR-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Olivier DEREURE
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier and INSERM U1058, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, FR-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Bañares F, Carrasco A, Martín A, Esteve M. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Accuracy of Both Gamma Delta+ Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Coeliac Lymphogram Evaluated by Flow Cytometry for Coeliac Disease Diagnosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1992. [PMID: 31443602 PMCID: PMC6769802 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that in doubtful cases of coeliac disease, a high CD3+ T-cell receptor gamma delta+ (TCRγδ+) intraepithelial lymphocyte count increases the likelihood of coeliac disease. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of both an isolated increase of TCRγδ+ cells and a coeliac lymphogram (increase of TCRγδ+ plus decrease of CD3- intraepithelial lymphocytes) evaluated by flow cytometry in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. METHODS The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria were: an article that allows for the construction of a 2 × 2 table of true and false positive and true and false negative values. A diagnostic accuracy test meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS The search provided 49 relevant citations, of which 6 were selected for the analysis, which represented 519 patients and 440 controls. Coeliac lymphogram: The pooled S and Sp were 93% and 98%, without heterogeneity. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99). TCRγδ+: Pooled S and Sp were both 95%, with significant heterogeneity. The AUC was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Conclusions: Both TCRγδ+ count and coeliac lymphogram assessed by flow cytometry in duodenal mucosal samples are associated with a high level of diagnostic accuracy for and against coeliac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Martín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Terzieva A, Dimitrova V, Djerov L, Dimitrova P, Zapryanova S, Hristova I, Vangelov I, Dimova T. Early Pregnancy Human Decidua is Enriched with Activated, Fully Differentiated and Pro-Inflammatory Gamma/Delta T Cells with Diverse TCR Repertoires. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030687. [PMID: 30764544 PMCID: PMC6387174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state where high and stage-dependent plasticity of the maternal immune system is necessary in order to equilibrate between immunosuppression of harmful responses towards the fetus and ability to fight infections. TCR γδ cells have been implicated in the responses in infectious diseases, in the regulation of immune responses, and in tissue homeostasis and repair. The variety of functions makes γδ T cells a particularly interesting population during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the proportion, phenotype and TCR γ and δ repertoires of γδ T cells at the maternal–fetal interface and in the blood of pregnant women using FACS, immunohistochemistry and spectratyping. We found an enrichment of activated and terminally differentiated pro-inflammatory γδ T-cell effectors with specific location in the human decidua during early pregnancy, while no significant changes in their counterparts in the blood of pregnant women were observed. Our spectratyping data revealed polyclonal CDR3 repertoires of the δ1, δ2 and δ3 chains and γ2, γ3, γ4 and γ5 chains and oligoclonal and highly restricted CDR3γ9 repertoire of γδ T cells in the decidua and blood of pregnant women. Early pregnancy induces recruitment of differentiated pro-inflammatory γδ T-cell effectors with diverse TCR repertoires at the maternal–fetal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Terzieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Violeta Dimitrova
- Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lyubomir Djerov
- Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petya Dimitrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Silvina Zapryanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Iana Hristova
- Medical University, University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivaylo Vangelov
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan K, Liao R, Xie Y, Peng C, Du C. [Hepatic stellate cells inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma via activating γδ T cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:870-874. [PMID: 28712391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of γδ T cells co-cultured with human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) on the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods Peripheral γδ T cells of healthy volunteers and HCC patients were separated and collected by density gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry. TranswellTM chambers were used to co-culture LX-2 cells and γδ T cells. The concentration of IFN-γ in γδ T cell supernatant was detected by ELISA. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was analyzed by CCK-8 assay, and the invasion ability of HepG2 cells was evaluated by TranswellTM chamber assay. Results After co-cultured with LX-2 cells, the IFN-γ secretion in γδ T cells increased obviously, and the level of IFN-γ was higher in healthy volunteer group than in HCC patient group. The inhibitory effects of γδ T cells on the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells were enhanced after the co-culture, and the enhancement of inhibitory abilities was more obvious in healthy volunteer group than in HCC patient group. Conclusion HSC could activate γδ T cells and promote IFN-γ secretion of γδ T cells, thus enhancing the inhibitory effects of γδ T cells on the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxiao Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengyou Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn-induced inflammation leads to impaired immune responses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. T-cells are central in the immune response and circulating CD4 and CD8 T-cells have been used to evaluate immune status; however, the role of these T-cell subsets in the burn wound is unknown. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a major 3rd degree scald burn or sham treatment. Twenty-four hours later, full thickness skin samples from sham mice and the burn wounds were collected and single cells were isolated and analyzed for αβ TCR, γδ TCR, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD69 expressions by flow cytometry. RESULTS The burn wound contained significantly greater numbers of T-cells than skin from sham mice, due to a profound infiltration of αβ T-cells. These infiltrating αβ T-cells were primarily suppressor T-cells with a CD8+ or CD8-CD4- phenotype. The 15-fold increase in CD8+ αβ T-cells caused a decrease in the CD4:CD8 ratio from 0.7 in sham skin to 0.3 in the burn wound. In contrast, the majority of the γδ T-cells in sham skin were CD4-CD8-, which decreased 9-fold in the burn wound. CD69 expression was suppressed on burn wound αβ T-cells, but increased on γδ T-cells in the burn wound. CONCLUSIONS The infiltrating burn wound αβ T-cells likely act to quell inflammation. In contrast wound γδ T-cells were activated with elevated CD4 and CD69 expression. Thus, these two distinct T-cell subsets likely differentially regulate the burn wound inflammatory response.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Burns/immunology
- Burns/pathology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martin G. Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mirji G, Bhat J, Kode J, Banavali S, Sengar M, Khadke P, Sait O, Chiplunkar S. Risk stratification of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients based on gene expression, mutations and copy number variation. Leuk Res 2016; 45:33-9. [PMID: 27070758 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression, copy number variations (CNV), mutations and survival were studied to delineate TCRγδ+T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) as a distinct subgroup from TCRαβ+T-ALL. Gene Ontology analysis showed that differential regulation of genes involved in pathways for leukemogenesis, apoptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and antigen processing/presentation may offer a survival benefit to TCRγδ+T-ALL patients. Genes involved in disease biology and having equal expression in both the subgroups, were further analysed for mutations and CNV using droplet digital PCR. TCRγδ+T-ALL patients exhibited differential level of mutations for NOTCH1 and IKZF3; however BRAF mutations were detected at equal levels in both the subgroups. Although TCRγδ+T-ALL patients with these mutations demonstrated improved disease-free survival (DFS) as compared TCRαβ+T-ALL patients, it was not statistically significant. Patients with homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B showed poor DFS in each subgroup. TCRγδ+T-ALL patients with wild type/heterozygous deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B possess significantly better DFS over TCRαβ+T-ALL patients (p=0.017 and 0.045, respectively). Thus, the present study has for the first time demonstrated TCRγδ clonality and CDKN2A/CDKN2B CNV together as potential prognostic markers in management of T-ALL. Further understanding the functional significance of differentially regulated genes in T-ALL patients would aid in designing risk based treatment strategies in subset specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Mirji
- Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Osama Sait
- Bio-Rad Laboratories India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barros-Martins J, Schmolka N, Fontinha D, Pires de Miranda M, Simas JP, Brok I, Ferreira C, Veldhoen M, Silva-Santos B, Serre K. Effector γδ T Cell Differentiation Relies on Master but Not Auxiliary Th Cell Transcription Factors. J Immunol 2016; 196:3642-52. [PMID: 26994218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are programmed into distinct IFN-γ-producing CD27(+) (γδ27(+)) and IL-17-producing CD27(-) (γδ27(-)) subsets that play key roles in protective or pathogenic immune responses. Although the signature cytokines are shared with their αβ Th1 (for γδ27(+)) and Th17 (for γδ27(-)) cell counterparts, we dissect in this study similarities and differences in the transcriptional requirements of murine effector γδ27(+), γδ27(-)CCR6(-), and γδ27(-)CCR6(+) γδ T cell subsets and αβ T cells. We found they share dependence on the master transcription factors T-bet and RORγt for IFN-γ and IL-17 production, respectively. However, Eomes is fully dispensable for IFN-γ production by γδ T cells. Furthermore, the Th17 cell auxiliary transcription factors RORα and BATF are not required for IL-17 production by γδ27(-) cell subsets. We also show that γδ27(-) (but not γδ27(+)) cells become polyfunctional upon IL-1β plus IL-23 stimulation, cosecreting IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data firmly establish the molecular segregation between γδ27(+) and γδ27(-) T cell subsets and provide novel insight on the nonoverlapping transcriptional networks that control the differentiation of effector γδ versus αβ T cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barros-Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pires de Miranda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Brok
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang D, Zuo A, Zhao R, Shao H, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. CD73 Expressed on γδ T Cells Shapes Their Regulatory Effect in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150078. [PMID: 26919582 PMCID: PMC4769068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells can either enhance or inhibit an adaptive immune response, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Given that CD73 is the main enzyme responsible for conversion of AMP into the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine, we investigated its role in the regulatory function of γδ T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We found that γδ T cells expressed different amounts of CD73 during the different stages of EAU and that low CD73 expression on γδ T cells correlated with enhanced Th17 response-promoting activity. Functional comparison of CD73-deficient and wild-type B6 (CD73+/+) mice showed that failure to express CD73 decreased both the enhancing and suppressive effects of γδ T cells on EAU. We also demonstrated that γδ T cells expressed different amounts of CD73 when activated by different pathways, which enabled them to either enhance or inhibit an adaptive immune response. Our results demonstrate that targeting CD73 expression on γδ T cells may allow us to manipulate their pro- or anti-inflammatory effect on Th17 responses.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 5'-Nucleotidase/biosynthesis
- 5'-Nucleotidase/deficiency
- 5'-Nucleotidase/genetics
- 5'-Nucleotidase/physiology
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Eye Proteins/immunology
- Eye Proteins/toxicity
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interleukin-17/blood
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/enzymology
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/deficiency
- Retinol-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Retinol-Binding Proteins/toxicity
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Uveitis/enzymology
- Uveitis/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States of America
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States of America
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in University of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States of America
| | - Willi K. Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. O'Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States of America
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mair F, Joller S, Hoeppli R, Onder L, Hahn M, Ludewig B, Waisman A, Becher B. The NFκB-inducing kinase is essential for the developmental programming of skin-resident and IL-17-producing γδ T cells. eLife 2015; 4:e10087. [PMID: 26637788 PMCID: PMC4733042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells contribute to first line immune defense, particularly through their ability for rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine profile of γδ T cells is hard-wired already during thymic development. Yet, the molecular pathways underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here we show that signaling via the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK) is essential for the formation of a fully functional γδ T cell compartment. In the absence of NIK, development of Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) was halted in the embryonic thymus, and impaired NIK function caused a selective loss of IL-17 expression by γδ T cells. Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, we could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of γδ T cell cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romy Hoeppli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beck BH, Kim H, O’Brien R, Jadus MR, Gillespie GY, Cloud GA, Hoa NT, Langford CP, Lopez RD, Harkins LE, Lamb Jr. LS. Dynamics of Circulating γδ T Cell Activity in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model of High-Grade Glioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122387. [PMID: 25955158 PMCID: PMC4425513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells are potent effectors against glioma cell lines in vitro and in human/mouse xenograft models of glioblastoma, however, this effect has not been investigated in an immunocompetent mouse model. In this report, we established GL261 intracranial gliomas in syngeneic WT C57BL/6 mice and measured circulating γδ T cell count, phenotype, Vγ/Vδ repertoire, tumor histopathology, NKG2D ligands expression, and T cell invasion at day 10-12 post-injection and at end stage. Circulating γδ T cells transiently increased and upregulated Annexin V expression at post-tumor day 10-12 followed by a dramatic decline in γδ T cell count at end stage. T cell receptor repertoire showed no changes in Vγ1, Vγ4, Vγ7 or Vδ1 subsets from controls at post-tumor day 10-12 or at end stage except for an end-stage increase in the Vδ4 population. Approximately 12% of γδ T cells produced IFN-γ. IL-17 and IL-4 producing γδ T cells were not detected. Tumor progression was the same in TCRδ-/- C57BL/6 mice as that observed in WT mice, suggesting that γδ T cells exerted neither a regulatory nor a sustainable cytotoxic effect on the tumor. WT mice that received an intracranial injection of γδ T cells 15m following tumor placement showed evidence of local tumor growth inhibition but this was insufficient to confer a survival advantage over untreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early nonspecific proliferation of γδ T cells followed by their depletion occurs in mice implanted with syngeneic GL261 gliomas. The mechanism by which γδ T cell expansion occurs remains a subject for further investigation of the mechanisms responsible for this immune response in the setting of high-grade glioma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/blood
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glioma/blood
- Glioma/immunology
- Glioma/pathology
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Hyunggoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Rebecca O’Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Martin R. Jadus
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 80206, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A. Cloud
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Neil T. Hoa
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 80206, United States of America
| | - Catherine P. Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Lualhati E. Harkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb Jr.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gallo O, Bani D, Rucci L, Fini-Storchi O. Intraepithelial gamma-delta T cells in normal and hypertrophic rhinopharyngeal tonsils. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 47:124-8. [PMID: 1456120 DOI: 10.1159/000421730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Gallo
- Second Otorhinolaryngological Clinic, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kjærup RM, Dalgaard TS, Norup LR, Hamzic E, Sørensen P, Juul-Madsen HR. Characterization of cellular and humoral immune responses after IBV infection in chicken lines differing in MBL serum concentration. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:529-42. [PMID: 25343382 PMCID: PMC4259184 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens from two inbred lines selected for high (L10H) or low (L10L) mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum concentrations were infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and innate as well as adaptive immunological parameters were measured throughout the experimental period. Chickens with high MBL serum concentrations were found to have less viral load in the trachea than chickens with low MBL serum concentrations indicating that these chickens were less severely affected by the infection. This study is the first to show that MBL expression is present in the lungs of healthy chickens and that the expression is upregulated at days 3 postinfection (p.i.) in L10H chickens. Furthermore, in the liver of infected chickens, the MBL expression was upregulated at day 7 p.i., despite the fact that the MBL serum concentrations were decreased below baseline at that time point. The number of TCRγδ+CD8α+ cells in the blood of noninfected chickens increased from week 0 to 3 p.i. However, the number of cells was higher in L10H chickens than in L10L chickens throughout the experiment. No increase was observed in the number of TCRγδ+CD8α+ cells in the blood of the infected L10H and L10L chickens. The numbers of B cells at week 3 p.i. were higher for noninfected L10L chickens than for the other chickens. No differences were observed between the infected and noninfected L10H chickens or between the infected L10H and L10L chickens. Furthermore, at week 3 p.i., the number of monocytes was higher in infected and noninfected L10H chickens than in the infected and noninfected L10L chickens. Thus, these results indicate that MBL is produced locally and may be involved in the regulation of the cellular immune response after an IBV infection. However, MBL did not appear to influence the humoral immune response after IBV infection in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edin Hamzic
- AgroParisTech, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Integrative, Paris, France
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Poul Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weitkamp JH, Rosen MJ, Zhao Z, Koyama T, Geem D, Denning TL, Rock MT, Moore DJ, Halpern MD, Matta P, Denning PW. Small intestinal intraepithelial TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes are present in the premature intestine but selectively reduced in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99042. [PMID: 24905458 PMCID: PMC4048281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal barrier immaturity predisposes preterm infants to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) bearing the unconventional T cell receptor (TCR) γδ (γδ IEL) maintain intestinal integrity and prevent bacterial translocation in part through production of interleukin (IL) 17. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the development of γδ IEL in the ileum of human infants and examine their role in NEC pathogenesis. We defined the ontogeny of γδ IEL proportions in murine and human intestine and subjected tcrδ-/- mice to experimental gut injury. In addition, we used polychromatic flow cytometry to calculate percentages of viable IEL (defined as CD3+ CD8+ CD103+ lymphocytes) and the fraction of γδ IEL in surgically resected tissue from infants with NEC and gestational age matched non-NEC surgical controls. RESULTS In human preterm infants, the proportion of IEL was reduced by 66% in 11 NEC ileum resections compared to 30 non-NEC controls (p<0.001). While γδ IEL dominated over conventional αβ IEL early in gestation in mice and in humans, γδ IEL were preferential decreased in the ileum of surgical NEC patients compared to non-NEC controls (50% reduction, p<0.05). Loss of IEL in human NEC was associated with downregulation of the Th17 transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear hormone receptor C (RORC, p<0.001). TCRδ-deficient mice showed increased severity of experimental gut injury (p<0.05) with higher TNFα expression but downregulation of IL17A. CONCLUSION Complimentary mouse and human data suggest a role of γδ IEL in IL17 production and intestinal barrier production early in life. Specific loss of the γδ IEL fraction may contribute to NEC pathogenesis. Nutritional or pharmacological interventions to support γδ IEL maintenance in the developing small intestine could serve as novel strategies for NEC prevention.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/genetics
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/immunology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/surgery
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/growth & development
- Infant, Premature/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Intestine, Small/growth & development
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/surgery
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Occludin/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JHW); (PWD)
| | - Michael J. Rosen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Duke Geem
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Rock
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Melissa D. Halpern
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pranathi Matta
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Patricia W. Denning
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JHW); (PWD)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Louter L, Botden IPG, Schop RFJ. A skin lesion that catches the eye. Neth J Med 2014; 72:294-295. [PMID: 24930467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is rare and only represents 1% of all cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. To our knowledge, only 40 cases have been described. It often presents with generalised skin lesions, preferentially affecting the extremities. There is a well-documented association with haemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment is difficult since PCGD-TCL is often resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most case reports describe an aggressive clinical course with an estimated mean survival of 15 months. We present a 72-year-old female patient with stage IV primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. Our patient presented with fever, night sweats and multiple skin lesions (figure 1). Computed axial tomography of chest and abdomen revealed multiple solid nodular lesions in both kidneys. During admission a subconjunctival lesion appeared and progressed rapidly (figure 2). Histopathological examination of skin biopsy revealed infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei. Immunophenotyping pattern of skin biopsy was compatible with PCGD-TLC. Clonal gamma-delta T-cells were also detected by immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow. Polymerase chain reaction amplification revealed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma chain gene. These findings together were consistent with stage IV primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. The rapid progression of the subconjunctival extra-nodal manifestation is characteristic for the aggressive course of this lymphoma. Our patient was treated with two cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). However, her clinical condition deteriorated rapidly. She declined further therapy and died within three months of initial presentation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Eye Neoplasms/chemistry
- Eye Neoplasms/genetics
- Eye Neoplasms/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/chemistry
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Louter
- Department of Internal Medicine, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, the Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eshima K, Okabe M, Kajiura S, Noma H, Shinohara N, Iwabuchi K. Significant involvement of nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase in proper differentiation of αβ and γδ T cells. Immunology 2014; 141:222-32. [PMID: 24117043 PMCID: PMC3904243 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is known to play a critical role in maintaining proper immune function. This is exemplified in the spontaneous mutant mouse lacking functional NIK, alymphoplasia (aly), which is simultaneously immune-compromised and autoimmune-prone. To investigate the role of NIK in αβ T-cell repertoire formation, we analysed T-cell development in aly/aly mice bearing a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR). Although there were no apparent abnormalities in the mature αβ T cells of non-transgenic aly/aly mice, the maturation efficiency of idiotype(high+) T cells in the TCR-transgenic mice was lower in aly/aly mice compared with those found in aly/+ mice, suggesting that the mature αβ T-cell repertoire could be altered by the absence of functional NIK. In one strain of TCR-transgenic aly/aly mice with a negatively selecting H-2 background, the proportion of CD8(low+) idiotype(high+) cells, which are thought to potentially represent the γδ lineage of T cells, was markedly decreased. When the γδ T cells in non-transgenic aly/aly mice were investigated, the proportion of γδ T cells in the peripheral organs of aly/aly mice was found to be one-half to one-fifth of those in aly/+ mice. Analyses of bone marrow chimera mice indicated that NIK in host cells, rather than in donor cells was important for generating a normal number of peripheral γδ T cells. Collectively, these results suggest that NIK could be involved in thymic positive selection of some αβ T cells and that NIK in non-haematopoietic cells is important for the optimal development and/or maintenance of γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi YL, Gu J, Park JJ, Xu YP, Yu FS, Zhou L, Mi QS. Histone deacetylases inhibitor Trichostatin A ameliorates DNFB-induced allergic contact dermatitis and reduces epidermal Langerhans cells in mice. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:99-107. [PMID: 22999682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) influence chromatin organization, representing a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism in cells. Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent HDAC inhibitor, has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory reaction in skin and is regulated by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if TSA treatment prevents 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced ACD in mice and regulates epidermal LCs and other immune cells during ACD development. METHODS ACD was induced by sensitizing and challenging with DNFB topically. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with TSA or vehicle DMSO as a control every other day before and during induction of ACD. The ear swelling response was measured and skin biopsies from sensitized skin areas were obtained for histology. Epidermal cells, thymus, spleen and skin draining lymph nodes were collected for immune staining. RESULTS TSA treatment ameliorated skin lesion severity of DNFB-induced ACD. The percentages of epidermal LCs and splenic DCs as well as LC maturation were significantly reduced in TSA-treated mice. However, TSA treatment did not significantly affect the homeostasis of conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells, iNKT cells, and γδ T cells in thymus, spleen and draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in IL-4 and IFN-γ-producing T cells and iNKT cells between TSA- and DMSO-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TSA may ameliorate ACD through the regulation of epidermal LCs and HDACs could serve as potential therapeutic targets for ACD and other LCs-related skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Shi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Splenic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Splenic Neoplasms/immunology
- Splenic Neoplasms/pathology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshun Qi
- Department of Digestive Interventional Radiology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- N Freymond
- Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service de pneumologie, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pednekar S, Morge V, Rawal S, Korivi D, Ramteke V, Naik K. Rare variety of T-cell lymphoma. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:667-668. [PMID: 22479752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of 18 year old male who presented with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia. His complete hemogram, peripheral smear, bone marrow studies were inconclusive. On immunophenotyping he was diagnosed as "Hepatosplenic gamma delta (gammadelta) T cell lymphoma" which is a very rare variety of T cell lymphoma. Less than 100 cases have been described in the literature since the entity was first described in 1990.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Pednekar
- Department of Medicine, LTM Medical College and LTMG Hospital, Sion, Mumbai 400022
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamasaki A, Onishi H, Morisaki T, Katano M. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by CEA peptide-pulsed γδ T-cells isolated from patients with advanced cancer. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:2419-2424. [PMID: 21873153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic γδ T-cells recognize antigens directly without the need for antigen processing and presentation. Recently, it was reported that they can also present antigens and proliferate in vitro. In this study, we examined whether γδ T-cells isolated from patients with advanced cancer can be used for immunotherapy. Twenty-two inoperable patients with multiple cancer metastases were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in the ratio of γδ T-cells within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population isolated from healthy volunteers and cancer patients. γδ T-Cells isolated from cancer patients were expanded 2- to 5-fold using zoledronic acid or 2-methyl-3butenyl-1-pyrophosphate and IL-2. Autologous CD8(+) T-cells co-cultured with expanded CEA peptide-pulsed γδ T-cells from cancer patients with HLA-A24 killed more CEA-positive HLA-A24-matched gastric cancer cells and secreted higher levels of interferon-γ. These results suggest that γδ T-cells from cancer patients may be ideal candidates for adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yamasaki
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakajima J, Murakawa T, Fukami T, Goto S, Kaneko T, Yoshida Y, Takamoto S, Kakimi K. A phase I study of adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer patients with autologous gammadelta T cells. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 37:1191-7. [PMID: 20137969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human gammadelta T lymphocytes can recognise and kill non-small-cell lung cancer cells by Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cell receptor and/or NKG2D. We have established large-scale ex vivo expansion of gammadelta T cells by zoledronate and interleukin-2. This pilot feasibility study evaluates the safety and potential anti-tumour effects of activated autologous gammadelta T cells administered intravenously to patients. METHODS Patients who had measurable foci of recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer were registered to undergo gammadelta T-cell immunotherapy, designed as a one-way, open, clinical research, after their informed consent. Mononuclear cells collected from peripheral blood of the patient were cultured with zoledronic acid and interleukin-2. After 2-week incubation, the gammadelta T-cell fraction was proliferated and it was intravenously reinfused to the patient. RESULTS Ten patients had undergone the gammadelta T-cell immunotherapy. They were administered autologous gammadelta T cells 3-12 times (mean=6) every 2 weeks. No patient died during the study period. Adverse events, not directly related to the immunotherapy, were observed five times in four patients (grade 3 pneumonia in two and grade 1 coldness in three). According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, neither complete nor partial response was achieved in any patient; stable disease was observed in three; and progressive disease in five at 4 weeks after six consecutive injections of during immunotherapy. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Biologic Response Modifier scores of the patients during immunotherapy were stable or improved, except for one patient who had suffered from pneumonia. The patients were followed up after immunotherapy for 240-850 days (median=401 days). At the end of the observation, six patients were alive. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that gammadelta T-cell immunotherapy might be safe and feasible for patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakajima
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang L, Abati AD, Wilson W, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan C. Persistent non-neoplastic gammadelta-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with hepatosplenic (gammadelta) T cell lymphoma: a case report with 6 years of flow cytometry follow-up. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2009; 3:110-116. [PMID: 19918335 PMCID: PMC2776263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatosplenic (gammadelta) T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an uncommon T-cell lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Bone marrow and peripheral blood are frequently involved, with central nervous system involvement less common. We describe a case of a 31-year old man diagnosed with a gammadelta HSTCL in 2003, successfully treated with chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and followed from 2003 to present. Four-color flow cytometry (FC) was performed on a BD FACSCalibur and data analyzed with CellQuest Pro and FCS Express software. For cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), all cells were acquired due to limited material. Cytological correlation was available on all specimens. Molecular studies for T-cell gene rearrangement were non-contributory. By FC, the diagnostic HSTCL immunophenotype was CD3 (+), CD7 (+), CD2 (+), CD5 (-), CD4 (-), CD8 (-), TCR gammadelta (+). Subsequent CSF FC analysis revealed a distinct population of gammadelta T-cells in all specimens, ranging from <1% to 13% of lymphocytes. Consistently, the gammadelta T-cells exhibited a different immunophenotypic profile from the reported diagnostic immunophenotype; they expressed CD5, and exhibited a heterogeneous pattern of CD8 expression. Comparison to in-house cases from patients with hairy cell leukemia and concomitant increases in non-neoplastic gammadelta T-cells was performed. The persistent gammadelta T-cells from the CSF of the patient with HSTCL were immunophenotypically consistent with non-neoplastic gammadelta T-cells. We describe an unusual case of persistent gammadelta T-cells in the CSF of a patient during 6 years of flow cytometric follow-up after treatment for gammadelta HSTCL. By cytology, non-neoplastic and malignant gammadelta T-cells are often difficult to distinguish. FC analysis helps to make this distinction, even with a limited panel. By FC, the gammadelta-T cells in the CSF of this patient are immunophenotypically consistent with non-neoplastic gammadelta T-cells. Remarkably, this finding is underscored by the patient's unusual clinical picture; he remains well and disease free.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| | - Andrea D. Abati
- Laboratory of Pathology, Cytology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| | - Wyndham Wilson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Flow Cytometry Unit, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| | - Constance Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Flow Cytometry Unit, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yokobori N, Schierloh P, Geffner L, Balboa L, Romero M, Musella R, Castagnino J, De Stéfano G, Alemán M, de la Barrera S, Abbate E, Sasiain MC. CD3 expression distinguishes two gammadeltaT cell receptor subsets with different phenotype and effector function in tuberculous pleurisy. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:385-94. [PMID: 19664147 PMCID: PMC2745033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous pleurisy is a naturally occurring site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Herein, we describe the expression of activation, natural killer (NK) and cell migration markers, as well as effector functions from gammadeltaT cells in peripheral blood (PB) and pleural effusion (PE) from tuberculosis patients (TB). We observed a decreased percentage of circulating gammadeltaT from TB patients and differential expression of NK as well as of chemokine receptors on PB and PE. Two subsets of gammadeltaT cells were differentiated by the CD3/gammadeltaT cell receptor (gammadeltaTCR) complex. The gammadeltaTCR(low) subset had a higher CD3 to TCR ratio and was enriched in Vdelta2(+) cells, whereas most Vdelta1(+) cells belonged to the gammadeltaTCR(high) subset. In PB from TB, most gammadeltaTCR(high) were CD45RA(+)CCR7(-) and gammadeltaTCR(low) were CD45RA(+/-)CCR7(+)CXCR3(+). In the pleural space the proportion of CD45RA(-)CCR7(+)CXCR3(+) cells was higher. Neither spontaneous nor Mtb-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production was observed in PB-gammadeltaT cells from TB; however, PE-gammadeltaT cells showed a strong response. Both PB- and PE-gammadelta T cells expressed surface CD107a upon stimulation with Mtb. Notably, PE-gammadeltaTCR(low) cells were the most potent effector cells. Thus, gammadeltaT cells from PB would acquire a further activated phenotype within the site of Mtb infection and exert full effector functions. As gammadeltaT cells produce IFN-gamma within the pleural space, they would be expected to play a beneficial role in tuberculous pleurisy by helping to maintain a T helper type 1 profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yokobori
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aust G, Lehmann I, Heberling HJ. Different immunophenotype and autoantibody production by peripheral blood and thyroid-derived lymphocytes in patients with Graves' disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 104:50-8. [PMID: 8750571 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Direct multi-colour flow cytometric analysis was employed in patients with Graves' disease (n = 10) to determine the immunophenotype in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at the time of diagnosis without treatment (PBLw) and prior to operation (PBLp) and in thyroid-derived lymphocytes (TL). Additionally, the secretion of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) was measured during culture of isolated peripheral or thyroid-derived B cells. Among TL from patients with high serum levels of anti-TPO (6/10) a significantly (p < 0.01) higher percentage of B cells were detected compared to PBLp (TL: 21.7 +/- 7.2%; PBLp: 13.2 +/- 4.5%). Enriched thyroid-derived B cells only from these patients also showed high spontaneous anti-TPO secretion during culture. The difference between peripheral and thyroid-derived natural killer (NK) cells was highly significant (p < 0.001; TL: 5.6 +/- 6.3%; PBLp: 13.6 +/- 5.5%). Two patients were found with a higher number of NK cells within TL. These patients were among those who had a low number of B cells infiltrating the thyroid gland. Regarding the expression of several other differentiation antigens, i.e. CD4 and CD8, gamma/delta TCR bearing T cells and CD45R0 on CD4+ T cells as a marker for memory cells, on TL no differences could be detected between patients with or without anti-TPO. In TL 31.5 +/- 7.7% of CD3- cells expressed the HLA-DR antigen (vs. 6.1 +/- 2.4% in PBLp; p < 0.001). Half of these cells simultaneously expressed the activation antigen CD69. Surprisingly, the number of CD3+ TL bearing the IL-2 receptor (CD25) and transferrin receptor (CD71) was not increased. Taken together, the proportional distribution of B and NK cells within the thyroid correlates with the anti-TPO secretion in vivo and in vitro, suggesting different immune response regulation processes of TL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Aust
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Konuma T, Ooi J, Takahashi S, Tomonari A, Tsukada N, Kobayashi T, Sato A, Tojo A, Asano S. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 48:630-2. [PMID: 17454612 DOI: 10.1080/10428190601126941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Wang J, Li BQ. [Phenotype expression and function of antigen presenting cells in huaman gammadelta T cells activated by peptide antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 25:588-591. [PMID: 19737474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether the human peripheral gammadelta T cells stimulated by polypeptide heat resistant antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb-HAg) express phenotype and have the fuction of antigen presentation. METHODS The monocytes isolated by adhesion method from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with GM-CSF, IL-4 and induced into the mature dendritic cells by adding LPS. PBMCs were stimulated with Mtb-HAg and IL-2 to expand predominantally gammadelta T cells that were further purified by flow sorting. The pure T cells were isolated from PBMCs using adhesion revomal and nylon column method, labeled with CFSE, and cultured in alone with Mtb secretory antigen (Mtb-SAg), in monocytes with Mtb-SAg, or with Mtb-SAg pre-pulsed dendritic cells or Mtb-HAg activated gammadelta T cells for 11 days. The proliferation of the CD4(+) T cells were measured by flowcytometry. The Mtb-HAg activated gammadelta T cells were incubated with FITC labelled Mtb-SAg for different time, and the ingestion of Mtb-SAg by gammadelta T cells was measured by flowcytometry and observed with laser confocal microscopye. RESULTS The expressions of MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on gammadelta T cells that activated by Mtb-HAg marketly incrased in comparison with that on the resting gammadelta T cells. The expanded cell counts and proliferation index of the pure naïve T cells that induced by Mtb-SAg pretreated activated gammadelta T cells were similar to that induced by mature DC. By using flowcytometer and laser confocal microscope, FITC labellaed Mtb-SAg was ingested by the activated gammadelta T cells. CONCLUSION gammadelta T cells stimulated by polypeptide Mtb-HAg express the phenotype of professional antigen-presenting cells and they are able to present Mtb-SAg to naïve T cells to induce the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Page N, Schall N, Strub JM, Quinternet M, Chaloin O, Décossas M, Cung MT, Van Dorsselaer A, Briand JP, Muller S. The spliceosomal phosphopeptide P140 controls the lupus disease by interacting with the HSC70 protein and via a mechanism mediated by gammadelta T cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5273. [PMID: 19390596 PMCID: PMC2669294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphopeptide P140 issued from the spliceosomal U1-70K snRNP protein is recognized by lupus CD4(+) T cells, transiently abolishes T cell reactivity to other spliceosomal peptides in P140-treated MRL/lpr mice, and ameliorates their clinical features. P140 modulates lupus patients' T cell response ex vivo and is currently included in phase IIb clinical trials. Its underlying mechanism of action remains elusive. Here we show that P140 peptide binds a unique cell-surface receptor, the constitutively-expressed chaperone HSC70 protein, known as a presenting-protein. P140 induces apoptosis of activated MRL/lpr CD4(+) T cells. In P140-treated mice, it increases peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis and decreases B cell, activated T cell, and CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cell counts via a specific mechanism strictly depending on gammadelta T cells. Expression of inflammation-linked genes is rapidly regulated in CD4(+) T cells. This work led us to identify a powerful pathway taken by a newly-designed therapeutic peptide to immunomodulate lupus autoimmunity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Down-Regulation
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Models, Biological
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/immunology
- Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Page
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Schall
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- CNRS UMR7178, laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse BioOrganique-IPHC-DSA- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Quinternet
- CNRS-INPL UMR7568, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire, Nancy Université, ENSIC, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Chaloin
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Décossas
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manh Thong Cung
- CNRS-INPL UMR7568, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire, Nancy Université, ENSIC, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- CNRS UMR7178, laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse BioOrganique-IPHC-DSA- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Paul Briand
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS UPR9021, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boyden LM, Lewis JM, Barbee SD, Bas A, Girardi M, Hayday AC, Tigelaar RE, Lifton RP. Skint1, the prototype of a newly identified immunoglobulin superfamily gene cluster, positively selects epidermal gammadelta T cells. Nat Genet 2008; 40:656-62. [PMID: 18408721 PMCID: PMC4167720 DOI: 10.1038/ng.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B cells, alphabeta T cells and gammadelta T cells are conserved lymphocyte subtypes encoding their antigen receptors from somatically rearranged genes. alphabeta T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus by engagement of their T cell receptors (TCRs) with self-peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules. The molecules that select gammadelta T cells are unknown. Vgamma5+Vdelta1+ cells comprise 90% of mouse epidermal gammadelta T cells. By mapping and genetic complementation using a strain showing loss of Vgamma5+Vdelta1+ cells due to a failure of thymic selection, we show that this defect is caused by mutation in Skint1, a newly identified gene expressed in thymus and skin that encodes a protein with immunoglobulin-like and transmembrane domains. Skint1 is the prototypic member of a rapidly evolving family of at least 11 genes in mouse, with greatest similarity to the butyrophilin genes. These findings define a new family of proteins mediating key epithelial-immune interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Boyden
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., SHM I-308, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is an aggressive lymphoma. In post-transplant immunosuppressed patients, HSTL is usually rapidly fatal. We report successful treatment of post-transplant HSTL in a 50-year-old renal allograft recipient by reducing immunosuppression and using intensive chemotherapy consisting of alternating cycles of HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) and MTX/HiDAC (methotrexate, Ara-C). Remission is ongoing at 8+ years. Literature review identified another 20 cases of HSTL in solid organ transplant recipients: median survival was 4 months; no other patients survived beyond 12 months. Bone marrow involvement was universal, but changes were often subtle: 6 of 12 cases had nondiagnostic examinations earlier on. High index of suspicion may lead to more timely diagnosis of this uncommon form of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and treatment with intensive chemotherapy such as HyperCVAD may be curative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siok-Keen Tey
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Johnson WC, Bastos RG, Davis WC, Goff WL. Bovine WC1(-) gammadeltaT cells incubated with IL-15 express the natural cytotoxicity receptor CD335 (NKp46) and produce IFN-gamma in response to exogenous IL-12 and IL-18. Dev Comp Immunol 2008; 32:1002-1010. [PMID: 18329100 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The gammadeltaT cells of ruminants are believed to participate in innate immunity and have been described with regulatory, inflammatory and cytotoxic functions. Here we describe a subset of CD3(+) TcR1(+) WC1(-)gammadeltaT cells expressing CD335 (NKp46), classically associated with CD3(-) natural killer (NK) cells, as a consequence of incubation with IL-15. This population, undetectable at the time of collection, developed after 2 week of IL-15 culture from splenic leukocytes (SPL) reaching greater than 50% of the total gammadeltaT cells. However, they did not grow well from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Splenic gammadeltaT cells positively selected by magnetic separation prior to incubation with IL-15 and analyzed by flow cytometry, consistently yielded CD3(+) cells expressing CD335. These cells arose from the CD335(-)gammadeltaT cell population suggesting that the new population represents up-regulation of CD335 by gammadeltaT cells. CD335 mRNA expression from sorted IL-15-incubated SPL CD335(+)gammadeltaT cells or NK cells exceeded that of CD335(-)gammadeltaT cells. Incubation with IL-12 and IL-18 increased the number of CD335(+)gammadeltaT cells in both the PBL and SPL fractions as compared to controls or IL-12 or IL-18 alone. In addition, CD335(+)gammadeltaT cells demonstrated a robust ability to produce IFN-gamma in response to exogenous IL-12 and IL-18. Taken as a whole, we describe a new phenotypically distinct bovine gammadeltaT cell sub-population capable of participating in type 1 immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Johnson
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Funda DP, Kaas A, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Buschard K. Gluten-free but also gluten-enriched (gluten+) diet prevent diabetes in NOD mice; the gluten enigma in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24:59-63. [PMID: 17607660 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors such as nutrition or exposure to infections play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have previously shown that gluten-free, non-purified diet largely prevented diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we tested hypothesis that early introduction of gluten-enriched (gluten+) diet may increase diabetes incidence in NOD mice. METHODS Standard, gluten-free, gluten+ modified Altromin diets and hydrolysed-casein-based Pregestimil diet were fed to NOD females and diabetes incidence was followed for 310 days. Insulitis score and numbers of gut mucosal lymphocytes were determined in non-diabetic animals. RESULTS A significantly lower diabetes incidence (p < 0.0001) was observed in NOD mice fed gluten-free diet (5.9%, n = 34) and Pregestimil diet (10%, n = 30) compared to mice on the standard Altromin diet (60.6%, n = 33). Surprisingly, gluten+ diet also prevented diabetes incidence, even at the level found with the gluten-free diet (p < 0.0001, 5.9%, n = 34). The minority of mice, which developed diabetes on all the three diabetes-protective (gluten+, gluten-free, Pregestimil) diets, did that slightly later compared to those on the standard diet. Lower insulitis score compared to control mice was found in non-diabetic NOD mice on the gluten-free, and to a lesser extent also gluten+ and Pregestimil diets. No substantial differences in the number of CD3(+), TCR-gammadelta(+), and IgA(+) cells in the small intestine were documented. CONCLUSIONS Gluten+ diet prevents diabetes in NOD mice at the level found with the non-purified gluten-free diet. Possible mechanisms of the enigmatic, dual effect of dietary gluten on the development of T1D are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Funda
- Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Boztug K, Baumann U, Ballmaier M, Webster D, Sandrock I, Jacobs R, Lion T, Preuner S, Germeshausen M, Hansen G, Welte K, Klein C. Large granular lymphocyte proliferation and revertant mosaicism: two rare events in a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patient. Haematologica 2007; 92:e43-5. [PMID: 17405757 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 6 year old patient with an unusual clinical presentation of WAS and oligoclonal proliferation of TCR+ large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Flow cytometry demonstrated two distinct populations of lymphocytes with strongly decreased (WASP-) or normal expression levels of WASP (WASP+), respectively. Molecular analysis confirmed a splice site mutation in intron 2 of the WASP gene in the WASP- cells but not in WASP+ cells. LGL cells were WASP+, suggesting that two independent rare events, somatic revertant mosaicism and LGL expansion, have occurred in a child with WAS. Our report points to diagnostic difficulties in the presence of partial WASP reversions and LGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Boztug
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jin N, Miyahara N, Roark CL, French JD, Aydintug MK, Matsuda JL, Gapin L, O'Brien RL, Gelfand EW, Born WK. Airway hyperresponsiveness through synergy of gammadelta} T cells and NKT cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:2961-8. [PMID: 17709511 PMCID: PMC4480876 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice sensitized and challenged with OVA were used to investigate the role of innate T cells in the development of allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). AHR, but not eosinophilic airway inflammation, was induced in T cell-deficient mice by small numbers of cotransferred gammadelta T cells and invariant NKT cells, whereas either cell type alone was not effective. Only Vgamma1+Vdelta5+ gammadelta T cells enhanced AHR. Surprisingly, OVA-specific alphabeta T cells were not required, revealing a pathway of AHR development mediated entirely by innate T cells. The data suggest that lymphocytic synergism, which is key to the Ag-specific adaptive immune response, is also intrinsic to T cell-dependent innate responses.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyun Jin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Christina L. Roark
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Jena D. French
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - M. Kemal Aydintug
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Jennifer L. Matsuda
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Rebecca L. O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Willi K. Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
- University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Willi K. Born, Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, GB K409, Denver, CO 80206.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martino A, Casetti R, Sacchi A, Poccia F. Central memory Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes primed and expanded by bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected dendritic cells kill mycobacterial-infected monocytes. J Immunol 2007; 179:3057-64. [PMID: 17709520 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans, innate immune recognition of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is a feature of cells as dendritic cells (DC) and gammadelta T cells. In this study, we show that BCG infection of human monocyte-derived DC induces a rapid activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells (the major subset of gammadelta T cell pool in human peripheral blood). Indeed, in the presence of BCG-infected DC, Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells increase both their expression of CD69 and CD25 and the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, in contrast to DC treated with Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell-specific Ags. Without further exogenous stimuli, BCG-infected DC expand a functionally cytotoxic central memory Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell population. This subset does not display lymph node homing receptors, but express a high amount of perforin. They are highly efficient in the killing of mycobacterial-infected primary monocytes or human monocytic THP-1 cells preserving the viability of cocultured, infected DC. This study provides further evidences about the complex relationship between important players of innate immunity and suggests an immunoregulatory role of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells in the control of mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Martino
- Unit of Cellular Immunology Fabrizio Poccia, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Via Portuense 292, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Isogai S, Athiviraham A, Fraser RS, Taha R, Hamid Q, Martin JG. Interferon-gamma-dependent inhibition of late allergic airway responses and eosinophilia by CD8+ gammadelta T cells. Immunology 2007; 122:230-8. [PMID: 17848163 PMCID: PMC2265996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that CD8(+)gammadelta T cells decrease late allergic airway responses, airway eosinophilia, T helper 2 cytokine expression and increase interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression. We hypothesized that the effects of CD8(+)gammadelta T cells were IFN-gamma mediated. Brown Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin on day 1. Cervical lymph node CD8(+)gammadelta T cells from sensitized animals were treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (5 micromol/l) to inhibit IFN-gamma synthesis or control oligodeoxynucleotide and 3.5 x 10(4) CD8(+)gammadelta T cells were injected intraperitoneally into sensitized recipients on day 13. Rats were challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on day 15 and lung resistance was monitored over an 8 hr period, after which bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Control oligodeoxynucleotide treated gammadelta T cells decreased late airway responses and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage. There was a complete recovery of late airway responses and a partial recovery of airway eosinophilia in recipients of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treated cells. Macrophage ingestion of eosinophils was frequent in rats administered gammadeltaT cells but reduced in recipients of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treated cells. These results indicate that CD8(+)gammadelta T cells inhibit late airway responses and airway eosinophilia through the secretion of IFN-gamma. Defective or altered gammadelta T-cell function may account for some forms of allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Isogai
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
André S, Kerfourn F, Affaticati P, Guerci A, Ravassard P, Fellah JS. Highly restricted diversity of TCR delta chains of the amphibian Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in peripheral tissues. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:1621-33. [PMID: 17523213 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells localize at mammalian epithelial surfaces to exert both protective and regulatory roles in response to infections. We have previously characterized the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) T cell receptor delta (TRD) chain. In this study, TRD repertoires in spleen, liver, intestine and skin from larvae, pre-adult and adult axolotls were examined and compared to the thymic TRD repertoire. A TRDV transcript without N/D diversity, TRDV1S1-TRDJ1, dominates the TRD repertoires until sexual maturation. In adult tissues, this canonical transcript is replaced by another dominant TRDV1S1-TRDJ1 transcript. In the thymus, these two transcripts are detected early in development. Our results suggest that gammadelta T cells that express the canonical TRDV1S1-TRDJ1 transcript emerge from the thymus and colonize the peripheral tissues, where they are selectively expanded by recurrent ligands. This particular situation is probably related to the neotenic state and the slow development of the axolotl. In thymectomized axolotls, TRD repertoires appear different from those of normal axolotls, suggesting that extrathymic gammadelta T cell differentiation could occur. Gene expression analysis showed the importance of the gut in T cell development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Ambystoma mexicanum
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation
- DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Rearrangement, delta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Ikaros Transcription Factor/genetics
- Immune System/growth & development
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/growth & development
- Intestines/immunology
- Larva/growth & development
- Larva/immunology
- Larva/metabolism
- Liver/growth & development
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Skin/growth & development
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Spleen/growth & development
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien André
- UMR 7622, National Centre for Scientific Research, and Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is often a challenge for the dermatopathologist. Early stages can mimic inflammatory dermatoses. Our aim was to explore the applicability of a standard T-cell receptor-gamma polymerase chain reaction in various subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Ninety-six biopsy specimens from 38 patients were selected. These included 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides, 12 specimens of non-mycosis fungoides T-cell lymphomas, and 12 specimens in which histology was non-specific or equivocal in patients who were later diagnosed to have lymphoma. T-cell clones were detected in 53 of 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides and eight of 12 specimens of non-mycosis fungoides lymphomas. Of the 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides, T-cell clones were detected in eight of 10 specimens of mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis and pigmented purpura-like mycosis fungoides. Four specimens from the 12 prediagnostic for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas showed presence of T-cell clones, identical to subsequent clones detected when lymphoma was fully established. In specimens where histology is not diagnostic and T-cell receptor-gamma gene analysis is positive, patients should be followed up closely. T-cell receptor-gamma gene analysis is a useful adjunct to histological diagnosis of early stage and variant types of mycosis fungoides.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biopsy
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/immunology
- Mycosis Fungoides/diagnosis
- Mycosis Fungoides/genetics
- Mycosis Fungoides/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Evidence has indicated that failed antitumor immunity is dominated by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In this issue of Immunity, Peng et al. (2007) add to this list by describing tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T cells that have regulatory function.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mazzola TN, Da Silva MTN, Moreno YMF, Lima SCBS, Carniel EF, Morcillo AM, Antonio MARGM, Zanolli ML, Netto AA, Blotta MH, Raw I, Vilela MMS. Robust γδ+ T cell expansion in infants immunized at birth with BCG vaccine. Vaccine 2007; 25:6313-20. [PMID: 17643559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune responses to BCG vaccine were evaluated in 7-month-old infants vaccinated with intradermal combined BCG and Hepatitis B or intradermal BCG and intramuscular Hepatitis B at birth. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from both groups showed CD4(+), CD8(+) and remarkable gammadelta(+) T cell BCG-specific proliferation, without significant differences. Also, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha concentrations in culture supernatants, measured by ELISA, were similar. The results suggested that the combined BCG and Hepatitis B vaccine was as immunogenic as BCG separated from Hepatitis B vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Mazzola
- Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Pediatrics Department, State University of Campinas Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peng G, Wang HY, Peng W, Kiniwa Y, Seo KH, Wang RF. Tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T cells suppress T and dendritic cell function via mechanisms controlled by a unique toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Immunity 2007; 27:334-48. [PMID: 17656116 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
gammadelta T cells are important contributors to innate immunity against cancer, but their regulatory role in controlling immune responses remains largely unknown. Here we report that a dominant gammadelta1 T cell population among lymphocytes infiltrating breast tumors possessed a potent ability to suppress naive and effector T cell responses and to block the maturation and function of dendritic cells. Adoptive cotransfer experiments demonstrated their in vivo suppressive activity. However, their immunosuppressive activity could be reversed by human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 ligands both in vitro and in vivo. siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments revealed that MyD88, TRAF6, IKKalpha IKKbeta, and p38alpha molecules in gammadelta1 cells were required for these cells to respond to TLR8 ligands, whereas TAK1, JNK, and ERK molecules did not appear to be involved in functional regulation. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of tumor-specific gammadelta T cells and identify a unique TLR8 signaling pathway linking to their functional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Peng
- The Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shibata K, Yamada H, Hara H, Kishihara K, Yoshikai Y. Resident Vdelta1+ gammadelta T cells control early infiltration of neutrophils after Escherichia coli infection via IL-17 production. J Immunol 2007; 178:4466-72. [PMID: 17372004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils infiltrate the site of infection and play critical roles in host defense, especially against extracellular bacteria. In the present study, we found a rapid and transient production of IL-17 after i.p. infection with Escherichia coli, preceding the influx of neutrophils. Neutralization of IL-17 resulted in a reduced infiltration of neutrophils and an impaired bacterial clearance. Ex vivo intracellular cytokine flow cytometric analysis revealed that gammadelta T cell population was the major source of IL-17. Mice depleted of gammadelta T cells by mAb treatment or mice genetically lacking Vdelta1 showed diminished IL-17 production and reduced neutrophil infiltration after E. coli infection, indicating an importance of Vdelta1(+) gammadelta T cells as the source of IL-17. It was further revealed that gammadelta T cells in the peritoneal cavity of naive mice produced IL-17 in response to IL-23, which was induced rapidly after E. coli infection in a TLR4 signaling-dependent manner. Thus, although gammadelta T cells are generally regarded as a part of early induced immune responses, which bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, our study demonstrated a novel role of gammadelta T cells as a first line of host defense controlling neutrophil-mediated innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Shibata
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
c-Jun is a member of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, the activity of which is strongly augmented by TCR signaling. To elucidate the functions of c-Jun in mouse thymic lymphopoiesis, we conditionally inactivated c-Jun specifically during early T cell development. The loss of c-Jun resulted in enhanced generation of gammadelta T cells, whereas alphabeta T cell development was partially arrested at the double-negative 3 stage. The increased generation of gammadelta T cells by loss of c-Jun was cell autonomous, because in a competitive reconstitution experiment the knockout-derived cells produced more gammadelta T cells than did the control cells. C-jun-deficient immature T cells failed to efficiently repress transcription of IL-7Ralpha, resulting in augmented IL-7Ralpha mRNA and surface levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed binding of c-Jun to AP-1 binding sites present in the IL-7Ralpha promoter, indicating direct transcriptional regulation. Thus, c-Jun controls the transcription of IL-7Ralpha and is a novel regulator of the alphabeta/gammadelta T cell development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Integrases/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Riera-Sans
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research, Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hedges JF, Buckner DL, Rask KM, Kerns HMM, Jackiw LO, Trunkle TC, Pascual DW, Jutila MA. Mucosal lymphatic-derived gammadelta T cells respond early to experimental Salmonella enterocolitis by increasing expression of IL-2R alpha. Cell Immunol 2007; 246:8-16. [PMID: 17574223 PMCID: PMC3601771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the roles of gammadelta T cells in mucosal infection, we utilized Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella serovar Typhimurium) infection in cattle as it closely approximates Salmonella serovar Typhimurium-induced enterocolitis in humans. Protein and gene expression in alphabeta and gammadelta T cells derived from lymphatic ducts draining the gut mucosa in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium-infected calves were analyzed. In calves with enterocolitis, general gene expression trends in gammadelta T cells suggested subtle activation and innate response, whereas alphabeta T cells were relatively quiescent following Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection. An increase in IL-2R alpha expression on gammadelta T cells from infected calves and results from in vitro assays suggested that gammadelta T cells were primed by Salmonella serovar Typhimurium LPS to better respond to IL-2 and IL-15. Together with gene expression trends in vivo, these data support early priming activation of target tissue gammadelta T cells during Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A. Jutila
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Mark A. Jutila, Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA, Ph: (406)994-4540, fax: (406)994-4303,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Anderson SJ, Lauritsen JPH, Hartman MG, Foushee AMD, Lefebvre JM, Shinton SA, Gerhardt B, Hardy RR, Oravecz T, Wiest DL. Ablation of ribosomal protein L22 selectively impairs alphabeta T cell development by activation of a p53-dependent checkpoint. Immunity 2007; 26:759-72. [PMID: 17555992 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The alphabeta and gammadelta T lineages are thought to arise from a common precursor; however, the regulation of separation and development of these lineages is not fully understood. We report here that development of alphabeta and gammadelta precursors was differentially affected by elimination of ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22), which is ubiquitously expressed but not essential for translation. Rpl22 deficiency selectively arrested development of alphabeta-lineage T cells at the beta-selection checkpoint by inducing their death. The death was caused by induction of p53 expression, because p53 deficiency blocked death and restored development of Rpl22-deficient thymocytes. Importantly, Rpl22 deficiency led to selective upregulation of p53 in alphabeta-lineage thymocytes, at least in part by increasing p53 synthesis. Taken together, these data indicate that Rpl22 deficiency activated a p53-dependent checkpoint that produced a remarkably selective block in alphabeta T cell development but spared gammadelta-lineage cells, suggesting that some ribosomal proteins may perform cell-type-specific or stage-specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Anderson
- Division of Immunology and Hematology, Lexicon Genetics, Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Assarsson E, Chambers BJ, Högstrand K, Berntman E, Lundmark C, Fedorova L, Imreh S, Grandien A, Cardell S, Rozell B, Ljunggren HG. Severe defect in thymic development in an insertional mutant mouse model. J Immunol 2007; 178:5018-27. [PMID: 17404284 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice were generated expressing NK1.1, an NK cell-associated receptor, under control of the human CD2 promoter. Unexpectedly, one of the founder lines, Tg66, showed a marked defect in thymic development characterized by disorganized architecture and small size. Mapping of the transgene insertion by fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed integration in chromosome 2, band G. Already from postnatal day 3, the thymic architecture was disturbed with a preferential loss of cortical thymic epithelial cells, a feature that became more pronounced over time. Compared with wild-type mice, total thymic cell numbers decreased dramatically between 10 and 20 days of age. Thymocytes isolated from adult Tg66 mice were predominantly immature double-negative cells, indicating a block in thymic development at an early stage of differentiation. Consequently, Tg66 mice had reduced numbers of peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Bone marrow from Tg66 mice readily reconstituted thymi of irradiated wild-type as well as RAG-deficient mice. This indicates that the primary defect in Tg66 mice resided in nonhemopoietic stromal cells of the thymus. The phenotype is observed in mice heterozygous for the insertion and does not resemble any known mutations affecting thymic development. Preliminary studies in mice homozygous for transgene insertion reveal a more accelerated and pronounced phenotype suggesting a semidominant effect. The Tg66 mice may serve as a useful model to identify genes regulating thymic epithelial cell differentiation, thymic development, and function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Keratin-8/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Paired Box Transcription Factors/analysis
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Thymus Gland/abnormalities
- Thymus Gland/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Assarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pabst C, Schirutschke H, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Platzbecker U. The Graft Content of Donor T Cells Expressing γδTCR+ and CD4+foxp3+ Predicts the Risk of Acute Graft versus Host Disease after Transplantation of Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cells from Unrelated Donors. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2916-22. [PMID: 17504991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, high numbers of regulatory T cells within the stem cell graft were described to be associated with less graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after related peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Studies in mice also suggest a distinct role of gamma delta TCR(+) T cells in mediating GVHD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define the yet-unknown role of regulatory and gamma delta TCR(+) T cells in human PBSCT from unrelated donors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The frequency of both T-cell subsets within the graft was analyzed in 63 patients receiving unrelated allogeneic PBSCT. The respective amounts were quantified by flow cytometry and PCR and further correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS The grafts contained a median of 11.2 x 10(6)/kg CD4(+)foxp3(+) and 9.8 x 10(6)/kg gamma delta TCR(+) T cells, respectively. Patients receiving more CD4(+)foxp3(+) cells had a lower cumulative incidence of acute GVHD II-IV (44% versus 65%, P=0.03). Interestingly, in patients who received higher concentrations of donor gamma delta TCR(+) T cells, acute GVHD II-IV was more frequent (66% versus 40%, P=0.02). In multivariate analysis, only the graft concentration of gamma delta TCR(+) T cells (P=0.002) and a positive cytomegalovirus status of the recipient (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with the occurrence of acute GVHD II-IV. CONCLUSION Graft composition of T-cell subsets seems to affect the outcome of patients receiving allogeneic PBSCT from unrelated donors. Therefore, selective manipulation or add-back of particular subsets might be a promising strategy to reduce the incidence of GVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pabst
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fujishima N, Hirokawa M, Fujishima M, Yamashita J, Saitoh H, Ichikawa Y, Horiuchi T, Kawabata Y, Sawada KI. Skewed T cell receptor repertoire of Vdelta1(+) gammadelta T lymphocytes after human allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the potential role for Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in clonal restriction. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:70-9. [PMID: 17425654 PMCID: PMC1942033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of Vdelta1(+) gammadelta T lymphocytes has been described in various infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and malaria. However, the antigen specificity and functions of the human Vdelta1(+) T cells remain obscure. We sought to explore the biological role for this T cell subset by investigating the reconstitution of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of Vdelta1(+) gammadelta T lymphocytes after human allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We observed skewed TCR repertoires of the Vdelta1(+) T cells in 27 of 44 post-transplant patients. Only one patient developed EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the present patient cohort. The -WGI- amino acid motif was observed in CDR3 of clonally expanded Vdelta1(+) T cells in half the patients. A skew was also detected in certain healthy donors, and the Vdelta1(+) T cell clone derived from the donor mature T cell pool persisted in the recipient's blood even 10 years after transplant. This T cell clone expanded in vitro against stimulation with autologous EBV-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), and the Vdelta1(+) T cell line expanded in vitro from the same patient showed cytotoxicity against autologous EBV-LCL. EBV-infected cells could also induce in vitro oligoclonal expansions of autologous Vdelta1(+) T cells from healthy EBV-seropositive individuals. These results suggest that human Vdelta1(+) T cells have a TCR repertoire against EBV-infected B cells and may play a role in protecting recipients of allogeneic HSCT from EBV-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Fujishima
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
NKT cells, naïve CD4(+) T cells, and TCR-gammadelta T cells belong to distinct T cell lineages but all express T cell receptors generated through random combinatorial joining of V-(D)-J genes. These distinct lineage T cells also possess the property of promptly activating the IL-4 gene upon T cell receptor stimulation. A comparative accounting of features as they pertain to IL-4 inducibility in these three distinct lineage T cells is provided here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, 2nd Section, Academy Road, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vermijlen D, Ellis P, Langford C, Klein A, Engel R, Willimann K, Jomaa H, Hayday AC, Eberl M. Distinct cytokine-driven responses of activated blood gammadelta T cells: insights into unconventional T cell pleiotropy. J Immunol 2007; 178:4304-14. [PMID: 17371987 PMCID: PMC3915340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells comprise a small population of peripheral blood T cells that in many infectious diseases respond to the microbial metabolite, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), expanding to up to 50% of CD3(+) cells. This "transitional response," occurring temporally between the rapid innate and slower adaptive response, is widely viewed as proinflammatory and/or cytolytic. However, increasing evidence that different cytokines drive widely different effector functions in alphabeta T cells provoked us to apply cDNA microarrays to explore the potential pleiotropy of HMB-PP-activated Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells. The data and accompanying validations show that the related cytokines, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-21, each drive proliferation and comparable CD69 up-regulation but induce distinct effector responses that differ from prototypic alphabeta T cell responses. For example, the Th1-like response to IL-2 also includes expression of IL-5 and IL-13 that conversely are not induced by IL-4. The data identify specific molecules that may mediate gammadelta T cell effects. Thus, IL-21 induces a lymphoid-homing phenotype and high, unexpected expression of the follicular B cell-attracting chemokine CXCL13/BCA-1, suggesting a novel follicular B-helper-like T cell that may play a hitherto underappreciated role in humoral immunity early in infection. Such broad plasticity emphasizes the capacity of gammadelta T cells to influence the nature of the immune response to different challenges and has implications for the ongoing clinical application of cytokines together with Vgamma9/Vdelta2 TCR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Peter Ellis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Langford
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Klein
- Biochemisches Institut, Infektiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rosel Engel
- Biochemisches Institut, Infektiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Hassan Jomaa
- Biochemisches Institut, Infektiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Biochemisches Institut, Infektiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ismail SA, Han R, Sanborn SL, Stevens SR, Cooper KD, Wood GS, Gilliam AC. Immunohistochemical staining for CD45R isoforms in paraffin sections to diagnose mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:635-42. [PMID: 17367612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The definitive diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF)-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is difficult because a cumulative set of information is typically required: clinical features, histopathology, and special diagnostic tests (typically immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor gamma [TCRgamma] gene rearrangement). Fresh tissue is not always available for the special tests. We report a simple and readily available procedure evaluating the staining pattern on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin that can help with the diagnosis of patch/plaque stage MF. We reviewed 92 cases of MF or probable MF that had clinical information, immunophenotyping and TCRgamma gene rearrangement studies and that had been evaluated in our multidisciplinary lymphoma conference. We used antibodies to the isoforms of CD45, CD45RO for mature T cells and CD45RB for subsets of T cells. When atypical CD45RB-positive/CD45RO-negative cells were seen in nonspongiotic epidermis, the individuals had a high cumulative clinical and histologic score for MF. In contrast, 15 cases of known contact dermatitis showed a reactive pattern of both CD45RB- and CD45RO-positive cells in spongiotic epidermis. We compared the epidermal CD45RB-positive/CD45RO-negative staining pattern with CD7 deficiency by immunophenotyping and TCRgamma gene rearrangement, two commonly used methods in the diagnosis of MF. The epidermal CD45RB-positive/CD45RO-negative staining pattern is comparable and may be better in equivocal cases of possible MF. Therefore immunostaining for CD45RB and CD45RO on paraffin sections is a simple, reliable, and convenient modality in the diagnosis of MF.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biopsy, Needle
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Frozen Sections
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycosis Fungoides/diagnosis
- Mycosis Fungoides/genetics
- Mycosis Fungoides/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Isoforms
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A Ismail
- Department of Dermatology, Case/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106-5028, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|