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Yang XD, Chen Z, Ye L, Chen J, Yang YY. Esculin protects against methionine choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating the Sirt1/NF- κB p65 pathway. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:922-932. [PMID: 34243681 PMCID: PMC8274538 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1945112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Esculin, an active coumarin compound, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explored the hepatoprotective effect and the molecular mechanism of esculin in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: control, model, low dosage esculin (oral, 20 mg/kg), high dosage esculin (oral, 40 mg/kg), and silybin (oral, 105 mg/kg). All animals were fed a MCD diet, except those in the control group (control diet), for 6 weeks. RESULTS Esculin (20 and 40 mg/kg) inhibited MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid content (triglyceride: 16.95 ± 0.67 and 14.85 ± 0.78 vs. 21.21 ± 1.13 mg/g; total cholesterol: 5.10 ± 0.34 and 4.08 ± 0.47 vs. 7.31 ± 0.58 mg/g), fibrosis, and inflammation (ALT: 379.61 ± 40.30 and 312.72 ± 21.45 vs. 559.51 ± 37.01 U/L; AST: 428.22 ± 34.29 and 328.23 ± 23.21 vs. 579.36 ± 31.93 U/L). In vitro, esculin reduced tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, fibronectin, and collagen 4A1 levels, but had no effect on lipid levels in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acid. Esculin increased Sirt1 expression levels and decreased NF-κB acetylation levels in vivo and in vitro. Interfering with Sirt1 expression attenuated the beneficial effect of esculin on inflammatory and fibrotic factor production in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that esculin ameliorates MCD diet-induced NASH by regulating the Sirt1/ac-NF-κB signalling pathway. Esculin could thus be employed as a therapy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Roncero-Ramos I, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Gomez-Delgado F, Villasanta-Gonzalez A, Torres-Peña JD, Cruz-Ares SDL, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Luque RM, Ordovas JM, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Camargo A, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Lopez-Miranda J. Beta cell functionality and hepatic insulin resistance are major contributors to type 2 diabetes remission and starting pharmacological therapy: from CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial. Transl Res 2021; 238:12-24. [PMID: 34298148 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess whether previous hepatic IR (Hepatic-IRfasting) and beta-cell functionality could modulate type 2 diabetes remission and the need for starting glucose-lowering treatment, newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes participants who had never received glucose-lowering treatment (190 out of 1002) from the CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial), were randomized to consume a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. Type 2 diabetes remission was defined according to the American Diabetes Association recommendation for levels of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and 2h plasma glucose after oral glucose tolerance test, and having maintained them for at least 2 consecutive years. Patients were classified according to the median of Hepatic-IRfasting and beta-cell functionality, measured as the disposition index (DI) at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression determined the potential for Hepatic-IRfasting and DI indexes as predictors of diabetes remission and the probability of starting pharmacological treatment after a 5-year follow-up. Low-Hepatic-IRfasting or high-DI patients had a higher probability of diabetes remission than high-Hepatic-IRfasting or low-DI subjects (HR:1.79; 95% CI 1.06-3.05; and HR:2.66; 95% CI 1.60-4.43, respectively) after a dietary intervention with no pharmacological treatment and no weight loss. The combination of low-Hepatic-IRfasting and high-DI presented the highest probability of remission (HR:4.63; 95% CI 2.00-10.70). Among patients maintaining diabetes, those with high- Hepatic-IRfasting and low-DI showed the highest risk of starting glucose-lowering therapy (HR:3.24;95% CI 1.50-7.02). Newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with better beta-cell functionality and lower Hepatic-IRfasting had a higher probability of type 2 diabetes remission in a dietary intervention without pharmacological treatment or weight loss, whereas among patients not achieving remission, those with worse beta-cell functionality and higher Hepatic-IRfasting index had the highest risk of starting glucose-lowering treatment after 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Roncero-Ramos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villasanta-Gonzalez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Silvia De La Cruz-Ares
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; IMDEA Alimentacion, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcalá-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
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Krupa Ł, Staroń R, Dulko D, Łozińska N, Mackie AR, Rigby NM, Macierzanka A, Markiewicz A, Jungnickel C. Importance of Bile Composition for Diagnosis of Biliary Obstructions. Molecules 2021; 26:7279. [PMID: 34885858 PMCID: PMC8659177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the cause of a biliary obstruction is often inconclusive from serum analysis alone without further clinical tests. To this end, serum markers as well as the composition of bile of 74 patients with biliary obstructions were determined to improve the diagnoses. The samples were collected from the patients during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The concentration of eight bile salts, specifically sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate as well as bile cholesterol were determined by HPLC-MS. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and bilirubin were measured before the ERCP. The aim was to determine a diagnostic factor and gain insights into the influence of serum bilirubin as well as bile salts on diseases. Ratios of conjugated/unconjugated, primary/secondary, and taurine/glycine conjugated bile salts were determined to facilitate the comparison to literature data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined, and the cut-off values were calculated by determining the point closest to (0,1). It was found that serum bilirubin was a good indicator of the type of biliary obstruction; it was able to differentiate between benign obstructions such as choledocholithiasis (at the concentration of >11 µmol/L) and malignant changes such as pancreatic neoplasms or cholangiocarcinoma (at the concentration of >59 µmol/L). In addition, it was shown that conjugated/unconjugated bile salts confirm the presence of an obstruction. With lower levels of conjugated/unconjugated bile salts the possibility for inflammation and, thus, neoplasms increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Krupa
- Teaching Hospital No 1, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Chopina 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.K.); (R.S.)
- Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Teaching Hospital No 1, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Chopina 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.K.); (R.S.)
- Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Dulko
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Natalia Łozińska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Alan R. Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.R.M.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Neil M. Rigby
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.R.M.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Adam Macierzanka
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology Intercollegiate, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Christian Jungnickel
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
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Chen YH, Chiu WC, Xiao Q, Chen YL, Shirakawa H, Yang SC. Synbiotics Alleviate Hepatic Damage, Intestinal Injury and Muscular Beclin-1 Elevation in Rats after Chronic Ethanol Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212547. [PMID: 34830430 PMCID: PMC8622351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of synbiotics on liver damage, intestinal health, and muscle loss, and their relevance in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. Thirty Wistar rats fed with a control liquid diet were divided into control and synbiotics groups, which were respectively provided with water or synbiotics solution (1.5 g/kg body weight/day) for 2 weeks. From the 3rd to 8th week, the control group was divided into a C group (control liquid diet + water) and an E group (ethanol liquid diet + water). The synbiotics group was separated in to three groups, SC, ASE, and PSE. The SC group was given a control liquid diet with synbiotics solution; the ASE group was given ethanol liquid diet with synbiotics solution, and the PSE group was given ethanol liquid diet and water. As the results, the E group exhibited liver damage, including increased AST and ALT activities, hepatic fatty changes, and higher CYP2E1 expression. Intestinal mRNA expressions of occludin and claudin-1 were significantly decreased and the plasma endotoxin level was significantly higher in the E group. In muscles, beclin-1 was significantly increased in the E group. Compared to the E group, the PSE and ASE groups had lower plasma ALT activities, hepatic fatty changes, and CYP2E1 expression. The PSE and ASE groups had significantly higher intestinal occludin and claudin-1 mRNA expressions and lower muscular beclin-1 expression when compared to the E group. In conclusion, synbiotics supplementation might reduce protein expression of muscle protein degradation biomarkers such as beclin-1 in rats with chronic ethanol feeding, which is speculated to be linked to the improvement of intestinal tight junction and the reduction of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiu Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.); (Q.X.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.); (Q.X.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Qian Xiao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.); (Q.X.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.); (Q.X.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8857, Japan;
| | - Suh-Ching Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.); (Q.X.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6553); Fax: +886-2-27373112
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Zhang Q, Jiao X. LDH and GGT/ALT Ratio as Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Liver Transplantation. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:9809990. [PMID: 34845414 PMCID: PMC8627343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9809990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver inflammation indices reflect its inflammatory microenvironment, which may play a role in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of carcinoma. This study is aimed at exploring the prognostic significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant (LT). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 155 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma who received LT between January 2013 and September 2017. We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to determine the optimal LDH and GGT/ALT ratio cut-off values. The Kaplan-Meier method and the logarithmic rank test were used to compare the survival curves without recurrence (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with survival. RESULTS Serum LDH levels were significantly associated with the Child-Pugh score (P = 0.037), largest tumor size (<50 vs. ≥50 mm) (P = 0.017), tumor count (<3 vs. ≥3) (P = 0.009), microvascular invasion (P = 0.006), and the Milan criteria (P ≤ 0.001). The serum GGT/ALT ratio was significantly correlated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (of <400 vs. ≥400 ng/ml) (P ≤ 0.001), largest tumor size (of <50 vs. ≥50 mm) (P ≤ 0.001), the Edmondson grade (I-II vs. III-IV) (P = 0.028), microvascular invasion (P ≤ 0.001), and the Milan (P = 0.002) and Hangzhou criteria (P = 0.018). The survival curves showed that the patients with high LDH and the GGT/ALT ratio were associated with poor RFS and OS (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that AFP levels of ≥400 ng/ml, largest tumor size of ≥50 mm, microvascular invasion, LDH levels of ≥213.5 U/l, and the GGT/ALT ratio of ≥3.1338 were factors independently associated with RFS. CONCLUSION Elevated LDH levels and the GGT/ALT ratio before LT were associated with poor OS and RFS in the present study. These factors could be used in the prognostication of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyuan Jiao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dong XW, Wu WD, Yao SQ, Zhang YB, Wang C, Wu HY, Na XL. Long-term Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Exposure Disturbs the Lipid Metabolism Profiles and Hepatic Enzymes in Male Rats: A UPLC-MS-based Serum Metabolomics Analysis. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:920-925. [PMID: 34955154 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China;Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Dong Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - San Qiao Yao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yun Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao Lin Na
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
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Sirwi A, Shaik RA, Alamoudi AJ, Eid BG, Kammoun AK, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdallah HM, Abdel-Naim AB. Mokko Lactone Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Emphasis on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB Axis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114142. [PMID: 34836397 PMCID: PMC8621765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a common chemotherapeutic agent, suffers serious adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. Mokko lactone (ML) is a guainolide sesquiterpene with promising biological activities. The study aimed to evaluate the protection offered by ML against hepatotoxicity induced by DOX in rats. Our data indicated ML exhibited protective effects as evidenced by ameliorating the rise in serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. This was confirmed histologically as ML prevented DOX-induced pathological alteration in liver architecture. Further, ML administration significantly prevented malondialdehyde accumulation, glutathione depletion and superoxide dismutase and catalase exhaustion. Antioxidant action of ML was associated with enhanced expression of the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and a lower expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Also, ML showed potent anti-inflammatory activities highlighted by decreased expression of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The anti-apoptotic effects of ML were associated with decreased Bax and enhanced Bcl-2 mRNA expression in liver tissues. ML caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that ML prevents liver injury caused by DOX. This could partially be due to the ML regulatory activities on Sirt-1/FOXO1/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (G.A.M.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (A.J.A.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (A.J.A.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (A.J.A.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Ahmed K. Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Batterjee Medical College, Preparatory Year Program, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (G.A.M.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (G.A.M.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.S.); (A.J.A.); (B.G.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Endale HT, Mengstie TA, Dawit DD, Mohammed R, Dessie G, Tesfa KH. Assessment of liver function test and associated factors among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending university of gondar leishmaniasis research and treatment center, Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260022. [PMID: 34797863 PMCID: PMC8604327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the major public health burden, mainly distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among the Sub-Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is the second most affected country with VL. An Alteration of liver function is a typical manifestation of the disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of conducting this study was to assess liver function tests and associated risk factors among VL patients at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. METHOD Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 102 study participants were involved in this study. Newly diagnosed VL patients who were attended at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 21st February 2020 to 30th September 2020 were included under case group category. On the other hand, age-sex matched apparently healthy study subjects were categorized as control group. Written consent was obtained willingness of patients to participate after ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of School of Medicine, University of Gondar. After overnight fasting, 5ml venous blood was drawn from both VL patients and controls to evaluate liver function tests, including AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein. Thus, senior health professionals (laboratory technologist) investigate the results using Cobas Integra 400 Plus clinical chemistry analyzer. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis of liver function tests and associated risk factors. RESULT The result of this study showed that significant mean difference was exhibited in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, serum albumin, and total protein level among VL patients and controls. It showed that there was a statistically significant elevation in the level of AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among cases as compared to control. The serum AST level was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases as compared to controls. Serum ALT was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases compared to controls. Additionally, the total serum bilirubin level was significantly increased (P<0.001) among cases as compared to controls. There was a statistically significant (P<0.001) reduction of serum albumin level among VL patients as compared to controls. Similarly, serum total protein was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in VL patients than control groups. CONCLUSION There were significantly higher mean levels of serum AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among VL patients as compared to controls. On the other hand, VL patients showed significantly lowered level of albumin and total protein as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Tezera Endale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn Mengstie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dilargachew Dessie Dawit
- Leishmaniasis Treatment and Research Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rezika Mohammed
- Leishmaniasis Treatment and Research Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Liu SY, Huang CC, Huang SF, Liao TL, Kuo NR, Yang YY, Li TH, Liu CW, Hou MC, Lin HC. Pioglitazone Ameliorates Acute Endotoxemia-Induced Acute on Chronic Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Ascitic Rats. Cells 2021; 10:3044. [PMID: 34831270 PMCID: PMC8616474 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia-activated tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signals result in acute on chronic inflammation-driven renal dysfunction in advanced cirrhosis. Systemic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with pioglitazone can suppress inflammation-related splanchnic and pulmonary dysfunction in cirrhosis. This study explored the mechanism and effects of pioglitazone treatment on the abovementioned renal dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. Cirrhotic ascitic rats were induced with renal dysfunction by bile duct ligation (BDL). Then, 2 weeks of pioglitazone treatment (Pio, PPAR gamma agonist, 12 mg/kg/day, using the azert osmotic pump) was administered from the 6th week after BDL. Additionally, acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4; Sigma, 0.1 mg/kg b.w, i.p. dissolved in NaCl 0.9%) was used to induce acute renal dysfunction. Subsequently, various circulating, renal arterial and renal tissue pathogenic markers were measured. Cirrhotic BDL rats are characterized by decreased mean arterial pressure, increased cardiac output and portal venous pressure, reduced renal arterial blood flow (RABF), increased renal vascular resistance (RVR), increased relative renal weight/hydroxyproline, downregulated renal PPARγ expression, upregulated renal inflammatory markers (TNFα, NFκB, IL-6, MCP-1), increased adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), increased renal macrophages (M1, CD68), and progressive renal dysfunction (increasing serum and urinary levels of renal injury markers (lipocalin-2 and IL-18)). In particular, acute LPS administration induces acute on chronic renal dysfunction (increasing serum BUN/creatinine, increasing RVR and decreasing RABF) by increased TNFα-NFκB-mediated renal inflammatory markers as well as renal M1 macrophage infiltration. In comparison with the BDL+LPS group, chronic pioglitazone pre-treatment prevented LPS-induced renal pathogenic changes in the BDL-Pio+LPS group. Activation of systemic, renal vessel and renal tissue levels of PPARγ by chronic pioglitazone treatment has beneficial effects on the endotoxemia-related TNFα/NFκB-mediated acute and chronic renal inflammation in cirrhosis. This study revealed that normalization of renal and renal arterial levels of PPARγ effectively prevented LPS-induced acute and chronic renal dysfunction in cirrhotic ascitic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Rong Kuo
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Foundation, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
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Amano H, Kanda T, Mochizuki H, Kojima Y, Suzuki Y, Hosoda K, Ashizawa H, Miura Y, Tsunoda S, Hirotsu Y, Ohyama H, Kato N, Moriyama M, Obi S, Omata M. The Use of Electronic Medical Records-Based Big-Data Informatics to Describe ALT Elevations Higher than 1000 IU/L in Patients with or without Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112216. [PMID: 34835022 PMCID: PMC8624674 DOI: 10.3390/v13112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious health problems in the world as HBV causes severe liver diseases. Moreover, HBV reactivation has occasionally been observed in patients with resolved HBV infection and patients using immunosuppression and anticancer drugs. Large-scale hospital data focused on HBV infection and severe liver function were analyzed at our hospital, located in an urban area adjacent to Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. A total of 99,932 individuals whose blood samples were taken at 7,170,240 opportunities were analyzed. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive group had a more frequent prevalence of patients with higher transaminase elevations than the HBsAg-negative group. However, among the HBsAg-negative group, patients who were positive for anti-HBV surface antibody and/or anti-HBV core antibody, had more severe liver conditions and fatal outcomes. More careful attention should be paid to alanine transaminase (ALT) elevations higher than 1000 IU/L in patients who had current and previous HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Amano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111; Fax: +81-3-3956-8496
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yuichiro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yoji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Kenji Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Ashizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yuko Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Shotaro Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Ohyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Shuntaro Obi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara 299-0111, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (H.A.); (H.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.S.); (K.H.); (H.A.); (Y.M.); (S.T.); (H.O.); (M.O.)
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan;
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Diaz EC, Weber JL, Adams SH, Young CG, Bai S, Børsheim E. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2225-2232. [PMID: 34280939 PMCID: PMC8516679 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function. METHODS Children (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak. RESULTS CRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only. CONCLUSIONS Higher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status.
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Sripariwuth E, Piwchan S, Pongcharoen S. Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Level in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:3521-3524. [PMID: 34837908 PMCID: PMC9068187 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.11.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical value of carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in predicting the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS We evaluated 40 healthy subjects and 40 HCC patients by collecting venous blood for the comparison. Serum CEACAM1 was detected using the Human CEACAM1 ELISA Kit. Other laboratory chemistries were analyzed by standard methods. RESULTS The serum level of CEACAM1 was not different between HCC patients and healthy subjects (p=0.0069). There was a correlation between serum CEACAM1 level and total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. There was also a statistically significant difference among serum CEACAM1 levels stratified by BCLC staging and MELD score at the cut-point of 18. Lower platelet count, higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were observed in HCC patients. CONCLUSION An increase of serum CEACAM1 level was associated with cholestasis. The role of this molecule in HCC diagnosis was unclear. However, serum CAECAM1 may be useful to predict the severity in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekawee Sripariwuth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Setthachai Piwchan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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Ahrari A, Najafzadehvarzi H, Taravati A, Tohidi F. The inhibitory effect of PLGA-encapsulated berberine on hepatotoxicity and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene expression. Life Sci 2021; 284:119884. [PMID: 34389401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury results in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the liver, which is mainly produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and liver enzymes are the two hallmarks of liver injury. Previously, it has been confirmed that berberine (BBR) attenuates liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) encapsulated BBR against liver injury. METHODS Nanoprecipitation, encapsulation, and physio-chemical characterization of BBR-PLGA nanoparticles (BBR-PLGA-NP) have been done. The protective effects of BBR-PLGA-NPs and BBR against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated Wistar rats were investigated. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were measured, and the expression level of α-SMA was quantified by qRT-PCR. To evaluate the liver changes, morphological and histological staining was done. RESULTS BBR-PLGA-NPs markedly reduced serum ALT and AST in rats treated with CCl4. Although the expression level of α-SMA was downregulated in the CCl4-injected rats that were treated with BBR, α-SMA expression in this group was still remarkably higher than the control group. α-SMA mRNA was significantly under-expressed (p < 0.05) by BBR-PLGA-NPs and the hepatic histology revealed BBR-PLGA-NPs made further improvements than free BBR. CONCLUSION The use of nanoparticle to encapsulate BBR is a worthy approach to enhance the curative effect of BBR against liver injuries, which donate a safe and effective drug delivery strategy to treat liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafzadehvarzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Taravati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tohidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Hasani M, Malekahmadi M, Rezamand G, Estêvão MD, Pizarro AB, Heydari H, Hoong WC, Arafah OA, Barakeh ARR, Rahman A, Alrashidi MSK, Abu-Zaid A. Effect of saffron supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102311. [PMID: 34678576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Possible protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L) have been reported in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Current systematic review was performed to summarize the efficacy of saffron intake on liver enzymes. METHODS An electronic database search was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane for RCTs comparing effect of saffron and placebo on liver enzymes from inception to July 2021. There was no restriction in language of included studies and we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for each variable. Random-effect model was used to calculate effect size. RESULTS Eight studies (n = 463 participants) were included in the systematic review. The saffron intake was associated with a statistically significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.34, -0.02; I2 = 0%) in comparison to placebo intake. Our results also indicated that saffron consumption did not have a significant effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.36, 0.09; I2 = 47.0%) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (SMD: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.18, 0.46; I2 = 42.9%) compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Saffron intake showed beneficial impacts on circulating AST levels. However, larger well-designed RCTs are still needed to clarify the effect of saffron intake on these and other liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | | | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Wong Chun Hoong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Areej Rahman
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Rahman MA, Uddin MN, Babteen NA, Alnajeebi AM, Zakaria ZA, Aboelenin SM. Natural Compounds from Hatikana Extract Potentiate Antidiabetic Actions as Displayed by In Vivo Assays and Verified by Network Pharmacological Tools. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6978450. [PMID: 34725640 PMCID: PMC8557063 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6978450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hatikana is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat inflammation, urolithiasis, goiter, cancer, wounds and sores, gastrointestinal, tumor, tetanus, arthritis, hepatic damage, neurodegeneration, and other ailments. The goal of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic properties of Hatikana extract (HKEx) and to construct the effects of its natural constituents on the genes and biochemical indices that are connected with them. METHODS HKEx was evaluated using GC-MS and undertaken for a three-week intervention in fructose-fed STZ-induced Wistar albino rats at the doses of HKEx50, HKEx100, and HKEx200 mg/kg bw. Following intervention, blood serum was examined for biochemical markers, and liver tissue was investigated for the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) by RTPCR analysis. Most abundant compounds (oleanolic acid, 7α, 28-olean diol, and stigmasterol) from GC-MS were chosen for the network pharmacological assay to verify function-specific gene-compound interactions using STITCH, STRING, GSEA, and Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. RESULTS In vivo results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine kinase (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increase of liver glycogen, glucose load, and serum insulin. Out of three antioxidative genes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) were found to be few fold increased. Oleanolic acid and stigmasterol were noticed to strongly interact with 27 target proteins. Oleanolic acid interacted with the proteins AKR1B10, CASP3, CASP8, CYP1A2, CYP1A2, HMGB1, NAMPT, NFE2L2, NQO1, PPARA, PTGIR, TOP1, TOP2A, UGT2B10, and UGT2B11 and stigmasterol with ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, CTSE, HMGCR, IL10, CXCL8, NR1H2, NR1H3, SLCO1B1, SREBF2, and TNF. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed the involvement of 25 target proteins out of twenty seven. Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba identified TNF, CXCL8, CASP3, PPARA, SREBF2, and IL10 as top hub genes. Pathway analysis identified 31 KEGG metabolic, signaling, and immunogenic pathways associated with diabetes. Notable degree of PPI enrichment showed that SOD1 and CAT are responsible for controlling signaling networks and enriched pathways. CONCLUSION The findings show that antioxidative genes have regulatory potential, allowing the HKEx to be employed as a possible antidiabetic source pending further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Nouf Abubakr Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M. Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, (Jalan UMS), 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Halal Product Development Unit, Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bril F, McPhaul MJ, Kalavalapalli S, Lomonaco R, Barb D, Gray ME, Shiffman D, Rowland CM, Cusi K. Intact Fasting Insulin Identifies Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Without Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4360-e4371. [PMID: 34190318 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism. However, insulin resistance measurements have not been shown to be good diagnostic tools to predict NAFLD in prior studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess a newly validated method to measure intact molecules of insulin by mass spectrometry to predict NAFLD. METHODS Patients underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and a percutaneous liver biopsy if they had a diagnosis of NAFLD. Mass spectrometry was used to measure intact molecules of insulin and C-peptide. RESULTS A total of 180 patients were recruited (67% male; 52 ± 11 years of age; body mass index [BMI] 33.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2; 46% with diabetes and 65% with NAFLD). Intact fasting insulin was higher in patients with NAFLD, irrespective of diabetes status. Patients with NAFLD without diabetes showed ~4-fold increase in insulin secretion during the OGTT compared with all other subgroups (P = 0.008). Fasting intact insulin measurements predicted NAFLD in patients without diabetes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.90 [0.84-0.96]). This was significantly better than measuring insulin by radioimmunoassay (AUC 0.80 [0.71-0.89]; P = 0.007). Intact fasting insulin was better than other clinical variables (eg, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, HbA1c, and BMI) to predict NAFLD. When combined with alanine transaminase (ALT) (intact insulin × ALT), it detected NAFLD with AUC 0.94 (0.89-0.99) and positive and negative predictive values of 93% and 88%, respectively. This newly described approach was significantly better than previously validated noninvasive scores such as NAFLD-LFS (P = 0.009), HSI (P < 0.001), and TyG index (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION In patients without diabetes, accurate measurement of fasting intact insulin levels by mass spectrometry constitutes an easy and noninvasive strategy to predict presence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bril
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael J McPhaul
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Romina Lomonaco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Diana Barb
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meagan E Gray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dov Shiffman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA
| | - Charles M Rowland
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Malcom Randall, VAMC, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Ma J, Li M, Li N, Chan WY, Lin G. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Formation of Reactive Metabolite-Derived Pyrrole-Protein Adducts. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:723. [PMID: 34679016 PMCID: PMC8540779 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) with 1,2-unsaturated necine base are hepatotoxic phytotoxins. Acute PA intoxication is initiated by the formation of adducts between PA-derived reactive pyrrolic metabolites with cellular proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the formation of hepatic pyrrole-protein adducts and occurrence of PA-induced liver injury (PA-ILI), and to further explore the use of such adducts for rapidly screening the hepatotoxic potency of natural products which contain PAs. Aqueous extracts of Crotalaria sessiliflora (containing one PA: monocrotaline) and Gynura japonica (containing two PAs: senecionine and seneciphylline) were orally administered to rats at different doses for 24 h to investigate PA-ILI. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level, and liver histological changes of the treated rats were evaluated to assess the severity of PA-ILI. The levels of pyrrole-protein adducts formed in the rats' livers were determined by a well-established spectrophotometric method. The biological and histological results showed a dose-dependent hepatotoxicity with significantly different toxic severity among groups of rats treated with herbal extracts containing different PAs. Both serum ALT activity and the amount of hepatic pyrrole-protein adducts increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the elevation of ALT activity correlated well with the formation of hepatic pyrrole-protein adducts, regardless of the structures of different PAs. The findings revealed that the formation of hepatic pyrrole-protein adducts-which directly correlated with the elevation of serum ALT activity-was a common insult leading to PA-ILI, suggesting a potential for using pyrrole-protein adducts to screen hepatotoxicity and rank PA-containing natural products, which generally contain multiple PAs with different structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4054577, China; (J.M.); (M.L.); (N.L.); (W.Y.C.)
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4054577, China; (J.M.); (M.L.); (N.L.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4054577, China; (J.M.); (M.L.); (N.L.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4054577, China; (J.M.); (M.L.); (N.L.); (W.Y.C.)
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4054577, China; (J.M.); (M.L.); (N.L.); (W.Y.C.)
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Quenum AJI, Shukla A, Rexhepi F, Cloutier M, Ghosh A, Kufer TA, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. NLRC5 Deficiency Deregulates Hepatic Inflammatory Response but Does Not Aggravate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749646. [PMID: 34712238 PMCID: PMC8546206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family protein-5 (NLRC5) controls NF-κB activation and production of inflammatory cytokines in certain cell types. NLRC5 is considered a potential regulator of hepatic fibrogenic response due to its ability to inhibit hepatic stellate activation in vitro. To test whether NLRC5 is critical to control liver fibrosis, we treated wildtype and NLRC5-deficient mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and assessed pathological changes in the liver. Serum alanine transaminase levels and histopathology examination of liver sections revealed that NLRC5 deficiency did not exacerbate CCl4-induced liver damage or inflammatory cell infiltration. Sirius red staining of collagen fibers and hydroxyproline content showed comparable levels of liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated NLRC5-deficient and control mice. Myofibroblast differentiation and induction of collagen genes were similarly increased in both groups. Strikingly, the fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice showed reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs-1 (Timp1) but not Mmp2 or Timp2. Fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice had increased expression of TNF but similar induction of TGFβ compared to wildtype mice. CCl4-treated control and NLRC5-deficient mice displayed similar upregulation of Cx3cr1, a monocyte chemoattractant receptor gene, and the Cd68 macrophage marker. However, the fibrotic livers of NLRC5-deficient mice showed increased expression of F4/80 (Adgre1), a marker of tissue-resident macrophages. NLRC5-deficient livers showed increased phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 that remained elevated following fibrosis induction. Taken together, NLRC5 deficiency deregulates hepatic inflammatory response following chemical injury but does not significantly aggravate the fibrogenic response, showing that NLRC5 is not a critical regulator of liver fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akouavi Julite I. Quenum
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Akhil Shukla
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology (180b), Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Colom-Pellicer M, Navarro-Masip È, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escoté X. Supplementation with a Specific Combination of Metabolic Cofactors Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3532. [PMID: 34684533 PMCID: PMC8541294 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are multifactorial risk factors strongly associated with NAFLD/NASH. Here, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) containing precursors of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (betaine, N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside) was evaluated as effective treatment for the NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Six-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control diet animals and animals exposed to a high fat and high fructose/sucrose diet to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (HFHFr group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (MI group) for 4 additional weeks, and blood and liver were obtained from all animals for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. The MI treatment reduced liver steatosis, decreasing liver weight and hepatic lipid content, and liver injury, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in serum levels of liver transaminases. Moreover, animals supplemented with the MI cocktail showed a reduction in the gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines when compared with their HFHFr counterparts. In addition, MI supplementation was effective in decreasing hepatic fibrosis and improving insulin sensitivity, as observed by histological analysis, as well as a reduction in fibrotic gene expression (Col1α1) and improved Akt activation, respectively. Taken together, supplementation with this specific combination of metabolic cofactors ameliorates several features of NAFLD, highlighting this treatment as a potential efficient therapy against this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Josep M. Del Bas
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
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Weber S, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, Muenchhoff M, Mayerle J, Gerbes AL. Liver function test abnormalities at hospital admission are associated with severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. Gut 2021; 70:1925-1932. [PMID: 33514597 PMCID: PMC7852072 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver injury has frequently been reported in COVID-19 patients. The clinical relevance of liver injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear with a need for prospective studies on the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities at baseline. DESIGN Data of 217 patients without pre-existing liver disease prospectively included in the COVID-19 registry of the LMU university hospital were analysed in order to assess the association of abnormal LFT at admission and course of the disease. Severe course was defined as admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or as COVID-19-related death. RESULTS Abnormal LFT at baseline was present in 58% of patients, with a predominant elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (42%), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (37%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (27%), hypoalbuminaemia was observed in 33%. Elevation of ALT and GGT, as well as hypoalbuminaemia, was associated with higher proportions of patients requiring ICU treatment and mechanical ventilation. After adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, hypoalbuminaemia combined with abnormal AST or GGT at hospital admission was a highly significant independent risk factor for ICU admission (OR 46.22 and 38.8, respectively) and for a composite endpoint of ICU admission and/or COVID-19-related death (OR 42.0 and 26.9, respectively). CONCLUSION Abnormal LFTs at hospital admission, in particular GGT and albumin, are associated with a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weber
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Virology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alexander L Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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Yu Z, Xu SF, Zhao JL, Zhao L, Zhang AZ, Li MY. Toxic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) on bioaccumulation, apoptosis, oxidative damage and inflammatory response in Channa asiatica. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 87:103725. [PMID: 34416396 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Cr6+ on bioaccumulation, digestion, immunity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation-related genes in Channa asiatica. The fish was exposed to waterborne Cr6+ concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) for 28 and 56 days. Our results demonstrated that the accumulation of Cr6+ in tissues increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the content in tissue was liver > gill > gut > muscle. Meanwhile, Cr6+ exposure led to a remarkable suppression of digestion, immunity and antioxidant capacity in C. asiatica. Inversely, MDA and PC content were positively correlated with Cr6+ exposure concentration. Furthermore, the expression of genes went up with the increase of waterborne Cr6+ concentration. Among them, HSP90, NF-κB and TNF-α have a sharp increase. These results elucidate that waterborne Cr6+ exposure may induce bioaccumulation, inhibit digestion and immunity, promote oxidative stress and up-regulate the expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related genes in C. asiatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shi-Feng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jun-Liang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ai-Zhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Mu-Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Hepatitis A. Am Fam Physician 2021; 104:368-374. [PMID: 34652109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A is a common viral infection worldwide that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The incidence of infection in the United States decreased by more than 90% after an effective vaccine was introduced, but the number of cases has been increasing because of large community outbreaks in unimmunized individuals. Classic symptoms include fever, malaise, dark urine, and jaundice and are more common in older children and adults. People are most infectious 14 days before and seven days after the development of jaundice. Diagnosis of acute infection requires the use of serologic testing for immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis A antibodies. The disease is usually self-limited, supportive care is often sufficient for treatment, and chronic infection or chronic liver disease does not occur. Routine hepatitis A immunization is recommended in children 12 to 23 months of age. Immunization is also recommended for individuals at high risk of contracting the infection, such as persons who use illegal drugs, those who travel to areas endemic for hepatitis A, incarcerated populations, and persons at high risk of complications from hepatitis A, such as those with chronic liver disease or HIV infection. The vaccine is usually recommended for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis, but immune globulin can be used in patients who are too young to be vaccinated or if the vaccine is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Langan
- St. Luke's Family Medicine Residency Program, Sacred Heart Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Goodbred
- St. Luke's Family Medicine Residency Program, Anderson Campus, Easton, PA, USA
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Mohamed NI, Suddek GM, El-Kashef DH. Molsidomine alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108005. [PMID: 34330056 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subcategory of intestinal inflammatory bowel disease characterized by up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. The current study was designed to assess the probable protective effect of the nitric oxide (NO) donor, molsidomine, in experimental colitis model in rats. Rats were haphazardly classified into four groups: control, acetic acid, acetic acid + molsidomine (1 mg/kg) and acetic acid + molsidomine (2 mg/kg). Molsidomine (1 and 2 mg/kg/day) was administered by intra-peritoneal injection for 7 days prior to induction of UC. On the 8th day, colitis was induced by intra-rectal instillation of 2 ml of (4% v/v) acetic acid in normal saline using a pediatric plastic catheter. The rats were sacrificed 1 day following colitis induction, blood samples were obtained; colons and livers were isolated then underwent macroscopic, biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Pretreatment with molsidomine significantly reduced disease activity index, colon mass index, colonic macroscopic and histological damage. Besides, molsidomine significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (58.7 ± 8.9 & 59.7 ± 8 vs 288.75 ± 31.4 in AA group) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (196.2 ± 37.4 & 204 ± 30 vs 392.7 ± 35.6 in AA group). Moreover, molsidomine effectively decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) contents, and up regulated the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione level (GSH) in colonic and hepatic tissues. With regard to anti-inflammatory mechanisms, molsidomine suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (792.5 ± 16.7 & 448 ± 12.1 vs 1352.5 ± 45.8 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (701 ± 19 & 442.5 ± 22.5 vs 1501 ± 26 in AA group) in hepatic tissues as well as nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB/p65) levels (416.2 ± 4.1 & 185.5 ± 14.2 vs 659.2 ± 11.5 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (358 ± 6.2 & 163.5 ± 9.6 vs 732.5 ± 5.5 in AA group) in hepatic tissues. In addition, molsidomine significantly decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels (8.1 ± 0.1 & 4.9 ± 0.1 vs 16 ± 0.1 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (8.6 ± 0.3 & 6.1 ± 0.1 vs 17.8 ± 0.1 in AA group) in hepatic tissues, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents (10.5 ± 0.4 & 6.6 ± 0.3 vs 20.9 ± 0.6 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (13.1 ± 0.2 & 6.3 ± 0.06 vs 23.9 ± 1.4 in AA group) in hepatic tissues at p > 0.05. Furthermore, it suppressed apoptosis by reducing expression of Caspase 3 and Bax in colonic and hepatic tissues. Therefore, molsidomine might be a promising candidate for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Liu HJ, Cao ST, Wen BY, Han X, Li Y, Li S, Li J, Zhang L. Rotundic acid ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via SREBP-1c/ SCD1 signaling pathway and modulating gut microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108065. [PMID: 34426119 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a devastating form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with distinguished hallmarks of steatosis and inflammation. Rotundic acid (RA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene compound extracted from the bank of Ilex rotunda Thunb with a wide range of biological activities. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pharmacological effect and action mechanism of RA on NASH in vitro and in vivo. RA has weak lipid lowering ability in rat primary hepatocytes, significantly decreases serum LDL level, hepatic TG and TC levels and lipid droplets, reduces NAS compared with the NASH group, and alleviates hepatic inflammation. RA also enhances the recovery of intestinal bacterial community and intestinal-derived short-chain fatty acid caused by high food diet (HFD). Further investigation shows that RA protects against HFD-induced NASH via downregulating the expression of SREBP-1c/SCD1 signaling pathway and improving gut microbiota. These findings imply that RA might be helpful for the alleviation of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Liu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Sheng-Tian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Bao-Ying Wen
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shan Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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75
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Miyake T, Matsuura B, Furukawa S, Yoshida O, Hirooka M, Kumagi T, Ishihara T, Kanzaki S, Nakaguchi H, Miyazaki M, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto Y, Koizumi Y, Tokumoto Y, Takeshita E, Ikeda Y, Abe M, Kitai K, Hiasa Y. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for glucose intolerance onset in men regardless of alanine aminotransferase status. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1890-1898. [PMID: 33742744 PMCID: PMC8504916 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a surrogate condition for glucose intolerance development. FLD may involve normal or abnormal liver enzyme levels. Whether FLD is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, regardless of liver enzyme levels, remains unknown. We assessed relationships between the development of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and FLD, liver enzyme abnormalities, and alcohol consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 8,664 participants with more than two annual health check-ups. Participants were classified according to sex, alcohol consumption, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and fatty liver status. RESULTS In univariate analyses, IFG onset among men was related to normal or high ALT levels with FLD in the nonalcoholic and alcoholic groups (P-trend < 0.01). In multivariate analyses, IFG onset among nonalcoholic men was associated with normal or high ALT levels with FLD, independent of potential confounding factors (P-trend < 0.01). However, IFG onset was non-independently associated with any condition among alcoholic men. In univariate analyses, IFG onset among women was related to normal or high ALT levels with FLD in the nonalcoholic group (P-trend < 0.01) and high ALT levels with FLD in the alcoholic group (P-trend < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, IFG onset was independently associated with only normal ALT levels in nonalcoholic FLD women. CONCLUSIONS Among nonalcoholic men and women, FLD was a risk factor for IFG onset, including normal ALT concentrations. Care is needed for individuals with nonalcoholic FLD, regardless of liver injury, possibly helping reduce glucose intolerance risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Lifestyle‐Related Medicine and EndocrinologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | | | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Masashi Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Postgraduate Medical Education CenterEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Toru Ishihara
- Ehime General Health Care AssociationMatsuyamaEhimeJapan
| | - Sayaka Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Hironobu Nakaguchi
- Department of Lifestyle‐Related Medicine and EndocrinologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Masumi Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yoshiko Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yasunori Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yohei Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yoshio Tokumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
| | | | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineToonEhimeJapan
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Ibrahim SSA, Kandil LS, Ragab GM, El-Sayyad SM. Micro RNAs 26b, 20a inversely correlate with GSK-3 β/NF-κB/NLRP-3 pathway to highlight the additive promising effects of atorvastatin and quercetin in experimental induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108042. [PMID: 34426107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease with challenging therapeutic potential due to the implication of cross-talking intracellular pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combination therapy of atorvastatin and quercetin on glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta/ nuclear factor kappa-B/ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 or inflammasome (GSK-3β/NF-KB/NLRP-3) pathway as well as on microRNAs 26b and 20a (miR-26b, miR-20a) and to investigate the possible beneficial outcomes of the combination to offer a better treatment option than methotrexate (MTX) in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Assessment of arthritis progression, serum inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were done. The tibiotarsal tissue expression of the inflammatory parameters was evaluated. Western blot analysis was done to assess the expression level of the important members in the GSK-3β/NF-κB/NLRP-3 pathway. Furthermore, the expression level of both microRNAs and serum level of transaminases were determined. All treatments, especially the combination regimen, abated arthritis progression, the elevated serum level of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in arthritic rats. Moreover, They down-regulated the gene expression of the important members of the aforementioned signaling pathway, amended the tissue levels of inflammatory parameters and elevated the expression level of miR-26b and miR-20a. Finally, we concluded that the combination therapy modulated miR-26b and miR-20a as well as GSK-3β/NF-κB/NLRP-3 pathway, provided additive anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and offered an additional hepatoprotective effect as compared to untreated arthritic rats and MTX-treated groups, suggesting its promising role to be used as replacement therapy to MTX in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamia Said Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, England
| | - Ghada M Ragab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6(th) of October City, Egypt
| | - Shorouk M El-Sayyad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, October 6 University, 12585, Giza, Egypt
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Akbari R, Behdarvand T, Afarin R, Yaghooti H, Jalali MT, Mohammadtaghvaei N. Saroglitazar improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by modulating inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin in an animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:53. [PMID: 34593018 PMCID: PMC8485507 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have become significant global health concerns. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of saroglitazar, a dual PPARα/γ agonist, fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, and pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist on an animal model of NASH. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat (HF) emulsion via gavage for 7 weeks to induce NASH. The HF-treated rats were grouped into four groups to receive saroglitazar, pioglitazone, fenofibrate, or vehicle. We measured body and liver weight, liver enzymes, serum levels of adiponectin and leptin. We also performed histopathological examinations and gene expression analysis of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). RESULTS Body weight was markedly normalized by both saroglitazar and fenofibrate, while the liver index only decreased significantly with saroglitazar. Saroglitazar corrected ALT, AST, leptin, and adiponectin levels better than pioglitazone and fenofibrate. All PPAR agonists significantly attenuated the upregulation of the proinflammatory and TGF-β genes, which correlated with the improved steatosis, inflammation of liver tissue, and fibrotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS As documented by our results, the dual activation of PPARα/γ by saroglitazar could effectively improve steatosis, fibrosis, and aspects of necro-inflammation in the HF-induced NASH model more than fenofibrate and pioglitazone, and it can be more beneficial in the management of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Akbari
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Behdarvand
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Afarin
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Yaghooti
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taha Jalali
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Mohammadtaghvaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Li M, Lan L, Zhang S, Xu Y, He W, Xiang D, Liu D, Ren X, Zhang C. IL-6 downregulates hepatic carboxylesterases via NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107920. [PMID: 34217990 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory factors, which is attributed to the abnormal expression and activity of enzymes and transporters in the liver, affecting drug disposition in vivo. This study aimed to examine the impact of intestinal inflammation on the expression of hepatic carboxylesterases (CESs) in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Two major CESs isoforms, CES1 and CES2, were down-regulated, accompanied by decreases in hepatic microsomal metabolism of clopidogrel and irinotecan. Meanwhile, IL-6 levels significantly increased compared with other inflammatory factors in the livers of UC mice. In contrast, using IL-6 antibody simultaneously reversed the down-regulation of CES1, CES2, pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the liver. We further confirmed that treatment with NF-κB inhibitor abolished IL-6-induced down-regulation of CES1, CES2, PXR, and CAR in vitro. Thus, it was concluded that IL-6 represses hepatic CESs via the NF-κB pathway in DSS-induced colitis. These findings indicate that caution should be exercised concerning the proper and safe use of therapeutic drugs in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Lulu Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China.
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430043, China.
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Dikhanbayeva F, Zhaxybayeva E, Smailova Z, Issimov A, Dimitrov Z, Kapysheva U, Bansal N. The effect of camel milk curd masses on rats blood serum biochemical parameters: Preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256661. [PMID: 34587186 PMCID: PMC8510453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess potential feeding effect of camel milk curd mass and its mixes to experimental rat's blood serum biochemical parameters, enzymatic activity and the peptide toxicity. Fifty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 10 each). Each group was fed with camel milk pure curd mass and its mixes for 16 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed to collect the samples from the blood serum. Blood serum biochemical parameters total protein, cholesterol, glucose, albumin, triglycerides; the enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase were determined on the A25 automatic analyser, and peptide toxicity analysed by the reference method. The statistical data have shown no significant differences in body weight gain in all groups. Total protein decreased in group II, IV, and V; however, it increased in group III compared to the control group. Cholesterol grew up in group II and it slightly increased in group V, dropped in groups III and IV compared to group I result. Glucose increased in groups II, III, IV compared to group I; still, group V results show a slight decrease. Albumin decreased in group IV, yet in group V it increased than the group I result. Simultaneously, groups II and III results were changed with less percentage. Triglyceride grew up in groups II, V, and it dropped significantly in groups III, IV compared to the control group. De Ritis ratio of enzymes in groups II, III, and IV fluctuated between 1.31 and 0.98 IU/L; however, group V demonstrated significant data versus group I. Diets peptide toxicity in all groups was lower than control group data. The experimental results indicated that curd mass from camel milk could be used as a pure or with additives and it did not discover the observed side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Dikhanbayeva
- Faculty of Food Production, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, the
Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira Zhaxybayeva
- Faculty of Food Production, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, the
Republic of Kazakhstan
- Research and Development Centre LB-Bulgaricum PLC, Sofia, the Republic of
Bulgaria
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, the University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhuldyz Smailova
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kyzylorda State University named
after Korkyt ata, Kyzylorda, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Issimov
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, the University
of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhechko Dimitrov
- Research and Development Centre LB-Bulgaricum PLC, Sofia, the Republic of
Bulgaria
| | - Unzira Kapysheva
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of humans and Animal
Physiology, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, the University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ustunova S, Haciosmanoglu E, Bulut H, Elibol B, Kilic A, Hekimoglu R, Tunc S, Atmaca R, Kaygusuz I, Tunc S, Tunc GB, Meral I. A low direct electrical signal attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in septic rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257177. [PMID: 34499695 PMCID: PMC8428794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is proposed to exert an antimicrobial effect according to studies performed using bacterial and cell cultures. Therefore, we investigated the effects of electrification on inflammation in septic rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: healthy control (C), electrified healthy (E), sepsis (S), and electrified sepsis (SE) groups. Staphylococcus aureus (1 x 109 colonies) in 1 ml of medium was intraperitoneally injected into rats to produce a sepsis model. The rats in the E and SE groups were exposed to a low direct electrical signal (300 Hz and 2.5 volts) for 40 min and 1 and 6 h after bacterial infection. Immediately after the second electrical signal application, blood and tissue samples of the heart, lung, and liver were collected. An antibacterial effect of a low direct electrical signal was observed in the blood of rats. The effects of electrical signals on ameliorating changes in the histological structure of tissues, blood pH, gases, viscosity and cell count, activities of some important enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, inflammation and tissue apoptosis were observed in the SE group compared to the S group. Low direct electrical signal application exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on septic rats due to the induction of electrolysis in body fluids without producing any tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Ustunova
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Haciosmanoglu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysu Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Hekimoglu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ismail Meral
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yu Q, Chen S, Tang H, Yang H, Zhang J, Shi X, Li J, Guo W, Zhang S. miR‑140‑5p alleviates mouse liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting CAPN1. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:675. [PMID: 34296301 PMCID: PMC8335737 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced liver injury remains a primary concern in liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in multiple pathophysiological processes, including liver I/R. miR‑140‑5p reportedly inhibits inflammatory responses and apoptosis in several diseases; however, the role of miR‑140‑5p in liver I/R remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of miR‑140‑5p on liver I/R injury. Mouse liver I/R and mouse AML12 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were established. miR‑140‑5p mimics, inhibitor or agonists were used to overexpress or inhibit miR‑140‑5p in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect miR‑140‑5p expression. Liver and cell injury were evaluated using several biochemical assays. The association between miR‑140‑5p and calpain‑1 (CAPN1) was confirmed using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that miR‑140‑5p expression was decreased in the mouse model of liver I/R injury and AML12 cells subjected to H/R, while overexpressed miR‑140‑5p reduced liver injury in vivo and cell injury in vitro. In addition, CAPN1 was determined to be a target of miR‑140‑5p; overexpressed CAPN1 abrogated the effect of miR‑140‑5p on H/R‑induced cell injury. The present study indicated that miR‑140‑5p protected against liver I/R by targeting CAPN1, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Sanyang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Semeniuk M, Ceré LI, Ciriaci N, Bucci-Muñoz M, Quiroga AD, Luquita MG, Roma S, Catania VA, Mottino AD, Rigalli JP, Ruiz ML. Protective effect of genistein pre-treatment on paraquat hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115636. [PMID: 34214573 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), an herbicide widely used in agriculture, is considered a highly toxic compound. In hepatocytes, P-glycoprotein (P-gp/Abcb1) is a canalicular transporter involved in PQ extrusion from the cell. Previously, we demonstrated that genistein (GNT) induces P-gp in rat liver. In this study, the protective role of GNT pretreatment towards hepatic damage in a model of acute intoxication with PQ in rats, was investigated. Wistar rats were randomized in 4 groups: Control, GNT (5 mg/kg/day sc, 4 days), PQ (50 mg/kg/day ip, last day) and GNT+ PQ. Hepatic lipoperoxidation (LPO) was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. Hepatic levels of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts (4-HNEp-add) and glutathione-S-transferase alpha (GSTα) protein expression were evaluated by Western blotting. Hepatic glutathione levels and plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were also measured. Biliary excretion of PQ was studied in vivo and in isolated perfused liver. PQ was quantified by HPLC. PQ significantly increased AST and ALT activities, malondialdehyde and 4-HNEp-add levels, whereby pretreatment with GNT ameliorated this effect. PQ biliary excretion remained unchanged after treatments in both experimental models. Hepatic GSTα expression was augmented in GNT group. GNT pretreatment increased hepatic glutathione levels in PQ + GNT group. These results agree with the lower content of 4-HNEp-adds in GNT + PQ group respect to PQ group. Unexpectedly, increased activity of P-gp did not enhance PQ biliary excretion. Thus, GNT protective mechanism is likely through the induction of GSTα which results in increased 4-HNE metabolism before formation of protein adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Semeniuk
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucila Inés Ceré
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nadia Ciriaci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Bucci-Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariel Dario Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gabriel Luquita
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Stella Roma
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas-UNR, Santa Fe 3100, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Catania
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Aldo Domingo Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Suipacha 570, (2000) Rosario, Argentina.
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Gao C, Marcketta A, Backman JD, O'Dushlaine C, Staples J, Ferreira MAR, Lotta LA, Overton JD, Reid JG, Mirshahi T, Regeneron Genetics Center, Geisinger Regeneron Discovehr Collaboration, Baras A, Abecasis G, Shuldiner AR, Van Hout CV, McCarthy S. Genome-wide association analysis of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and the modifying effects of BMI in 388k European individuals. Genet Epidemiol 2021; 45:664-681. [PMID: 34184762 PMCID: PMC8457092 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are biomarkers for liver health. Here we report the largest genome-wide association analysis to date of serum ALT and AST levels in over 388k people of European ancestry from UK biobank and DiscovEHR. Eleven million imputed markers with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.5% were analyzed. Overall, 300 ALT and 336 AST independent genome-wide significant associations were identified. Among them, 81 ALT and 61 AST associations are reported for the first time. Genome-wide interaction study identified 9 ALT and 12 AST independent associations significantly modified by body mass index (BMI), including several previously reported potential liver disease therapeutic targets, for example, PNPLA3, HSD17B13, and MARC1. While further work is necessary to understand the effect of ALT and AST-associated variants on liver disease, the weighted burden of significant BMI-modified signals is significantly associated with liver disease outcomes. In summary, this study identifies genetic associations which offer an important step forward in understanding the genetic architecture of serum ALT and AST levels. Significant interactions between BMI and genetic loci not only highlight the important role of adiposity in liver damage but also shed light on the genetic etiology of liver disease in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Anthony Marcketta
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Joshua D. Backman
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Colm O'Dushlaine
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeffrey Staples
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Luca A. Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - John D. Overton
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeffrey G. Reid
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Molecular and Functional GenomicsGeisinger ClinicDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Shane McCarthy
- Regeneron Genetics CenterRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNew YorkUSA
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Li B, Liu A, Wen Y, Yang G, Zhao J, Li X, Mao Y, Li B. The prognostic values of serum markers in hepatocellular carcinoma after invasive therapies based on real-world data. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23932. [PMID: 34403527 PMCID: PMC8418514 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy with poor prognosis, and the mortality rate remains high. More than 70% of HCC patients have recurrence within 5 years after treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic values of serum markers with retrospective data. METHODS We applied real-world data (RWD) to analyze the prognostic values of six serum markers for HCC patients after treatment, including α-fetoprotein (AFP), α-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3), Golgi protein73 (GP73), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil). A total of 268 cases were enrolled to analyze recurrence-free survival (RFS), and 104 cases were used to analyze overall survival (OS). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that patients with higher AFP and AFP-L3 had shorter RFS (p = 0.016 and 0.004), while higher GP73, ALT, and TBil experienced longer RFS (p = 0.000, 0.020, and 0.019). Patients with high-level GP73, ALT, TBil, and low-level ALB had significantly higher mortality rate (p=0.035, 0.008, 0.010, and 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that GP73 (HR = 1.548, p = 0.001) and ALT (HR = 1.316, p = 0.046) were identified as independent prognostic factors for RFS, ALB (HR = 0.127, p = 0.007), and ALT (HR = 0.237, p = 0.01) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. Subgroups analysis showed that GP73 had better prognostic values than other serum markers in early-stage HCC (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that AFP, AFP-L3, and GP73 can be used as prognostic indicators for predicting the recurrence of HCC, while liver function tests have better survival prediction values. GP73 can act as a promising prognostic marker for early-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuanli Mao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Boan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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85
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Zhe-Bin W, Ke W, Mo ZS, Zhen X, Yu-Bao Z, Ying Y, Zhi-Liang G. Early, short-term, low-dose glucocorticoid therapy effectively blocks progression of severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B to liver failure. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101505. [PMID: 32896504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether early, short-term, low-dose glucocorticoid treatment prevents the progression of severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B to liver failure. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 125 patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B from the Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between September 2013 and March 2016. The patients were randomized to a hormone group (3-day, low-dose glucocorticoid treatment plus conventional treatment; 63 patients) and a control group (conventional treatment only; 62 patients). We analyzed markers of liver function, complications, mortality rates, and duration and cost of hospitalization. RESULTS Serum alanine transaminase levels were significantly lower in the hormone group than in the control group at 3 days (P = 0.009) and 1 week (P = 0.018) after treatment. The decrease in this level from the baseline value on day 3 was greater in the hormone group than in the control group (P = 0.023). The trend of the changes in this level significantly differed between the two groups (P = 0.008). The incidence of liver failure (8.06% vs. 30.16%; P = 0.002) and the duration of hospitalization (23.79 vs. 31.79 days; P = 0.031) were significantly lower in the hormone group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Low-dose, short-term glucocorticoid treatment early in the course of severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B along with conventional treatment significantly reduced the risk of progression to liver failure and shortened the duration of hospitalization, without increasing the complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhe-Bin
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Wang Ke
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shuo Mo
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Xu Zhen
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Zheng Yu-Bao
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Yan Ying
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China
| | - Gao Zhi-Liang
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510630, PR China.
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Tobe K, Maegawa H, Nakamura I, Uno S. Effect of ipragliflozin on liver function in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: subgroup analysis of a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study (STELLA-LONG TERM). Endocr J 2021; 68:905-918. [PMID: 33827996 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The STELLA-LONG TERM prospective post-marketing surveillance study assessed ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This subgroup analysis of patients with liver impairment used the final 3-year results. Data on patients, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and changes in glycemic parameters and liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [γ-GTP] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) were collected, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated. In the effectiveness analysis (n = 8,763), baseline liver function was normal in 2,605 patients (ALT <31/<21 U/L [men/women]) and abnormal in 3,277 (ALT ≥31/≥21 U/L). The abnormal liver function group had higher mean body weight and BMI than the normal liver function group (p < 0.001). In the safety analysis (n = 11,051), urinary tract infections, genital infections and hepatic disorders were more common in the abnormal than normal liver function group (2.25% vs. 1.07%; 1.78% vs. 1.14% and 1.85% vs. 1.01%). In the abnormal liver function group, there were significant (p < 0.001) decreases from baseline at 36 months in AST and ALT (from 38.8 and 53.7 U/L to 29.3 and 37.7 U/L, respectively), γ-GTP (from 75.4 to 51.7 U/L) and ALP (from 254.8 to 234.5 U/L), which were greater than in the normal liver function group. FLI reductions at 36 months were significant (p < 0.001) in subgroups with baseline FLI of ≥30 or ≥60. In conclusion, ipragliflozin improved liver function over 3 years in patients with impaired liver function, although ADRs occurred more frequently than in the normal liver function group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Operational Excellence, Medical Affairs Japan, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uno
- Data Science, Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
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Kamaruddin NN, Hajri NA, Andriani Y, Abdul Manan AF, Tengku Muhammad TS, Mohamad H. Acanthaster planci Inhibits PCSK9 and Lowers Cholesterol Levels in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:5094. [PMID: 34443682 PMCID: PMC8398678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases which in turn, lead to the highest number of mortalities globally. This pathophysiological condition is developed due to a constant elevated level of plasma cholesterols. Statin is currently the widely used treatment in reducing the level of cholesterols, however, it may cause adverse side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new alternative treatment. PCSK9 is an enzyme responsible in directing LDL-receptor (LDL-R)/LDL-cholesterols (LDL-C) complex to lysosomal degradation, preventing the receptor from recycling back to the surface of liver cells. Therefore, PCSK9 offers a potential target to search for small molecule inhibitors which inhibit the function of this enzyme. In this study, a marine invertebrate Acanthaster planci, was used to investigate its potential in inhibiting PCSK9 and lowering the levels of cholesterols. Cytotoxicity activity of A. planci on human liver HepG2 cells was carried out using the MTS assay. It was found that methanolic extract and fractions did not exhibit cytotoxicity effect on HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of more than 30 µg/mL. A compound deoxythymidine also did not exert any cytotoxicity activity with IC50 value of more than 4 µg/mL. Transient transfection and luciferase assay were conducted to determine the effects of A. planci on the transcriptional activity of PCSK9 promoter. Methanolic extract and Fraction 2 (EF2) produced the lowest reduction in PCSK9 promoter activity to 70 and 20% of control at 12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, deoxythymidine also decreased PCSK9 promoter activity to the lowest level of 60% control at 3.13 μM. An in vivo study using Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated that 50 and 100 mg/kg of A. planci methanolic extract reduced the total cholesterols and LDL-C levels to almost similar levels of untreated controls. The level of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) showed that the administration of the extract did not produce any toxicity effect and cause any damage to rat liver. The results strongly indicate that A. planci produced a significant inhibitory activity on PCSK9 gene expression in HepG2 cells which may be responsible for inducing the uptake of cholesterols by liver, thus, reducing the circulating levels of total cholesterols and LDL-C. Interestingly, A. planci also did show any adverse hepato-cytotoxicity and toxic effects on liver. Thus, this study strongly suggests that A. planci has a vast potential to be further developed as a new class of therapeutic agent in lowering the blood cholesterols and reducing the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (N.A.H.); (Y.A.); (A.F.A.M.)
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (N.N.K.); (N.A.H.); (Y.A.); (A.F.A.M.)
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Schindler MSZ, Calisto JFF, Marins K, Regginato A, Mezzomo H, Zanatta AP, Radunz AL, Mariot MP, Dal Magro J, Zanatta L. Characterization of the chemical profile and the effects of ethanolic extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek on glucose metabolism in normal hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114173. [PMID: 33932519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae, is popularly known as "espinheira-santa" and used to treat pathologies related to the stomach. However, in popular culture, this species has also been used to treat other disorders such as diabetes, but without scientific evidence, requiring more phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves from two different accessions of Maytenus ilicifolia (MIA and MIB) in normal hyperglycemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into different experimental groups: normal hyperglycemic (negative control); MIA (treatment of Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 116); MIB (treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 122; and glipizide (positive control). At 30 min after treatment, all animals received glucose overload orally. Blood collection occurred at different periods for the assessment of blood glucose (0, 60, 90 and 210 min after treatment) and at the end of the experiment blood was collected through cardiac puncture and the liver, muscle, pancreas and intestine were dissected for further analysis. RESULTS Chromatographic analysis identified oleic and palmitic acid as the most common constituents, and both extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia caused a reduction in blood glucose levels within 60 min after administration of glucose overload when compared to the normal hyperglycemic group. No significant changes were observed in hepatic and muscular glycogen levels, plasma insulin concentration and disaccharidases activity with none of the extracts in the model employed. However, hyperglycemic rats treated with the extracts showed a marked increase in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Maytenus ilicifolia extracts from different locations showed differences in chemical composition which did not reflect significant differences in the results of biological tests. In addition, it was possible to conclude that the treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia had a discreet anti-hyperglycemic effect; however, it was not possible to identify the responsible mechanism, being necessary, therefore, new studies using different technologies in order to determine the possible mechanisms of action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katiuska Marins
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Alissara Regginato
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Hemilli Mezzomo
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Radunz
- Agronomy Course - Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paim Mariot
- Agronomy Course - Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul), Brazil.
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Western Higher Education Center, Santa Catarina State University - UDESC, Brazil.
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Liu H, Ding C, Hu L, Li M, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhu L, Bao H, Cheng X. The association between AST/ALT ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26693. [PMID: 34397804 PMCID: PMC8341222 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies had shown that an increased aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT ratio) was associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between AST/ALT ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension.By March 31, 2020, a cohort of 14,220 Chinese hypertensive patients was followed up. The end point was all-cause and cardiovascular death. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for mortality associated with AST/ALT ratio, using Cox proportional hazards models and competing risk model.In an average of 1.7 years of follow-up, 1.39% (n = 198) of patients died, 55.5% (n = 110) of whom from cardiovascular disease. AST/ALT ratio was associated with increased risk of all-cause death (HR:1.37, 95% CI:1.15-1.63) and cardiovascular death (HR:1.32, 95% CI:1.03-1.68) after adjustment for other potential confounders. Compared with low AST/ALT ratio (Tertile 1), high AST/ALT ratio was associated with high cause mortality (Tertile 2: HR:1.35, 95% CI:0.86-2.10; Tertile 3: HR:2.10, 95% CI:1.37-3.21; P for trend <.001). Compared with low AST/ALT ratio (Tertile 1), a statistically significant increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was also observed (Tertile 2: HR:1.27, 95% CI:0.70-2.29; Tertile 3: HR:1.92, 95% CI:1.09-3.37; P for trend <.001). High AST/ALT ratio was also associated with high cardiovascular mortality (Tertile 2: HR:1.27, 95% CI:0.70-2.29; Tertile 3: HR:1.92, 95% CI:1.09-3.37; P for trend <.001).Present study indicated that increased AST/ALT ratio levels were predictive of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among Chinese hypertensive patients.Trial registration: CHICTR, CHiCTR1800017274. Registered 20 July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
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90
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Owumi S, Bello T, Oyelere AK. N-acetyl cysteine abates hepatorenal toxicities induced by perfluorooctanoic acid exposure in male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 86:103667. [PMID: 33933708 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elicits toxicities in the hepatorenal system. We investigated the effect of PFOA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the hepatorenal function of rats treated thus: control, PFOA (5 mg/kg), NAC (50 mg/kg), PFOA + NAC (5 and 25 mg/kg), and PFOA + NAC (5 and 50 mg/kg). We observed that NAC significantly (p < 0.05) reduced PFOA-induced increase in hepatic and renal function biomarkers of toxicities relative to PFOA alone and alleviated (p < 0.05) decreases in antioxidant status. Increases in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in PFOA-treated rats were reverted to normal by NAC and abated increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine both in the hepatorenal system PFOA treated rats. Histology of the kidney and liver indicated that NAC, abated the severity of PFOA-induced damage significantly. Our findings affirm further that oxido-inflammatory mediators involved in PFOA-mediated toxicity can be effectively blocked by NAC through its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Owumi
- CRMB Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria.
| | - Taofeek Bello
- CRMB Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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Raabe FJ, Wagner E, Weiser J, Brechtel S, Popovic D, Adorjan K, Pogarell O, Hoch E, Koller G. Classical blood biomarkers identify patients with higher risk for relapse 6 months after alcohol withdrawal treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:891-902. [PMID: 32627047 PMCID: PMC8236027 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This naturalistic study among patients with alcohol dependence examined whether routine blood biomarkers could help to identify patients with high risk for relapse after withdrawal treatment. In a longitudinal study with 6-month follow-up among 133 patients with alcohol dependence who received inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment, we investigated the usefulness of routine blood biomarkers and clinical and sociodemographic factors for potential outcome prediction and risk stratification. Baseline routine blood biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alanine aminotransferase [ALT/GPT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST/GOT], mean cell volume of erythrocytes [MCV]), and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded at admission. Standardized 6 months' follow-up assessed outcome variables continuous abstinence, days of continuous abstinence, daily alcohol consumption and current abstinence. The combined threshold criterion of an AST:ALT ratio > 1.00 and MCV > 90.0 fl helped to identify high-risk patients. They had lower abstinence rates (P = 0.001), higher rates of daily alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) and shorter periods of continuous abstinence (P = 0.027) compared with low-risk patients who did not meet the threshold criterion. Regression analysis confirmed our hypothesis that the combination criterion is an individual baseline variable that significantly predicted parts of the respective outcome variances. Routinely assessed indirect alcohol biomarkers help to identify patients with high risk for relapse after alcohol withdrawal treatment. Clinical decision algorithms to identify patients with high risk for relapse after alcohol withdrawal treatment could include classical blood biomarkers in addition to clinical and sociodemographic items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Brechtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - David Popovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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92
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Aly SM, Sharaf SM, Hassanin AAI, Griesh AS. Relation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) seasonal reproductive activity to hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and Brdt gene expression. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:961-977. [PMID: 33970374 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to find the relation of Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream) reproductive activities to some blood parameters as complete blood count, liver enzymes, some hormones related to reproduction process and microscopic findings of gonads, as well as expression of Bromodomain testis-specific gene. Eighty-eight sexually mature seabream were collected and investigated through the four seasons. Red blood cells were higher in autumn and spring. Hemoglobin was high in summer, MCV highest values were seen in winter and summer, while MCHC was highest in summer. The values of white blood cells increased significantly in spring, summer, and autumn compared with winter. The highest value of lymphocytes was recorded in spring and autumn. Eosinophil was recorded the highest value in the spring. The highest value of segmented neutrophils was recorded in summer. The highest value of band neutrophil was recorded in summer and winter. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase showed high values in the winter. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher in females, males, and hermaphrodites during winter. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in females during spring. The highest value of estradiol 17-β and progesterone was recorded in summer. The highest value of total testosterone was recorded in spring. Microscopically, ovaries were immature and inactive during spring and summer but well developed in autumn and winter. During spring and summer, testes were immature and began spermatogenesis process but well developed with the appearance of spermatids and spermatozoa during autumn and winter. The expression of Brdt was higher in testes than ovary. Brdt recorded high expression in autumn and spring than in summer and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Sharaf
- Department of Animal Production and Fish Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abeer A I Hassanin
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Sh Griesh
- Aquatic Hatchery Production Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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93
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Ni M, Liu M, Lou J, Mi G, Yuan J, Gu Z. Stocking density alters growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in in-pond raceway system. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1243-1255. [PMID: 34226986 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stocking density on growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in nine in-pond raceway systems (IPRS, 22.0 m × 5.0 m × 2.0 m) were studied. M. salmoides with initial an body weight of 8.25 ± 0.51 g and body length of 6.99 ± 0.44 cm were reared at an initial stocking density of 90.91 ind./m3 (low stocking density, LSD), 113.63 ind./m3 (middle stocking density, MSD), and 136.36 ind./m3 (high stocking density, HSD) with triplication. After 300 days of culture, MSD recorded the highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and yield, but the food conversion ratio in MSD was the lowest. The viscerosomatic index in LSD was significantly higher than other groups. The fish serum reared at HSD showed significantly lower total protein, higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, glucose content, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activity. Significantly lower intestinal amylase, lipase, trypsin activities, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and higher malondialdehyde content were detected in HSD compared to others. The content of crude lipid, saturated fatty acid decreased, and total essential amino acid, delicious amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid increased in muscle with stocking density increase. No significant difference was observed in muscle texture. Profitability analysis indicated the benefit-to-cost ratio varied between 1.10 and 1.68, of which MSD was significantly higher than others. The optimal stocking density for M. salmoides should be 113.63 ind./m3 in an IPRS farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ni
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- Nanxun Fishery Technical Extension Center, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313002, China
| | - Guoqiang Mi
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China.
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94
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Hua S, Qi Q, Kizer JR, Williams-Nguyen J, Strickler HD, Thyagarajan B, Daviglus M, Talavera GA, Schneiderman N, Cotler SJ, Cai J, Kaplan R, Isasi CR. Association of liver enzymes with incident diabetes in US Hispanic/Latino adults. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14522. [PMID: 33434318 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with increased risk of incident diabetes. But such evidence is lacking in the Hispanic/Latino population, which has high prevalence of obesity and NAFLD. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,928 adults of Hispanic/Latino background who had no diabetes, did not report excessive alcohol use, and no hepatitis B and C infection at baseline (2008-2011). We estimated risk ratios (RR) for incident diabetes, identified from visit 2 examination by glucose measurements or antidiabetic medication use, with baseline liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)). RESULTS A total of 738 adults developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up. After adjusting for participant characteristics at baseline, versus the lowest quartile, highest quartiles of ALT and GGT were associated with risks for incident diabetes (RR for ALT: 1.51 [95% CI 1.03-2.22], p-trend = 0.006; RR for GGT: 2.39 [1.60-3.55], p-trend = 0.001). Higher GGT levels predicted increased risk of incident diabetes even among those with ALT or AST below the median levels. The associations of ALT and GGT with incident diabetes were similar among most Hispanic background but were not seen among Dominicans (p for interaction <0.05). The association of AST with incident diabetes was found only among light-to-moderate alcohol drinkers (RR = 1.50 [1.20-1.86]) but not abstainers (RR = 0.91 [0.69-1.20], p for interaction = 0.006). CONCLUSION Higher ALT and GGT levels are associated with increased risk of developing diabetes among Latinos. Liver enzyme tests might aid in diabetes prevention by identifying high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Hua
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martha Daviglus
- University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jianwen Cai
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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95
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Hammad MO, Alseoudy MM. The sex-related discrepancy in laboratory parameters of severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:713-718. [PMID: 34006475 PMCID: PMC8114673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed at providing evidence to consider sex differences in interpretations of laboratory parameters of severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes. METHODS For 118 diabetic patients, laboratory measurements and clinical outcomes were compared between males and females. This study also compared inflammatory ratios obtained from combinations of six inflammatory markers between the two groups. The risk factors for mortality were identified through logistic regression. RESULTS Males were 54 (45.8%) and females were 64 (54.2%). Males showed a significant increase in ALT (P = 0.003), CRP (P = 0.03), mean platelet volume (MPV)-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (P = 0.044), whereas females had a significant increase in lymphocytes (P < 0.005) and MPV (P = 0.01). In all participants, multivariate analysis illustrated that older age, male sex, increased serum total bilirubin, and decreased PO2 were significant independent predictors of mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes, there were significant sex differences in many laboratory characteristics with a higher risk of mortality among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha O Hammad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Alseoudy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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96
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Islam MT, Quispe C, Islam MA, Ali ES, Saha S, Asha UH, Mondal M, Razis AFA, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Kumar M, Sharifi-Rad J. Effects of nerol on paracetamol-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111732. [PMID: 34130201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerol, a monoterpene is evident to possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-spasmodic, anthelmintic, and anti-arrhythmias. This study aims to evaluate its hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in a rat model. Five groups of rats (n = 7) were orally treated (once daily) with 0.05% tween 80 dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution (vehicle), paracetamol 640 mg/kg (negative control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or nerol (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers of the animals were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The histological findings suggest that paracetamol caused lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis, whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pre-treated with silymarin and nerol. The rats pre-treated with nerol significantly and dose-dependently reduced the hepatotoxic markers in animals. Nerol at 100 mg/kg significantly reversed the paracetamol-induced altered situations, including the liver enzymes, plasma proteins, antioxidant enzymes and serum bilirubin, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cholesterol [e.g., total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)] levels in animals. Taken together, nerol exerted significant hepatoprotective activity in rats in a dose-dependent manner. PCM-induced toxicity and nerol induced hepatoprotective effects based on expression of inflammatory and apoptosis factors will be future line of work for establishing the precise mechanism of action of nerol in Wistar albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique, 1110939, Chile.
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia.
| | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Umma Hafsa Asha
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, PMB 7156 Dutse, Jigawa state, Nigeria.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on CottonTechnology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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97
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Salinas M, Flores E, López-Garrigós M, Carbonell R, Leiva-Salinas C. Dealing with redundant gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in primary care, when requested along with alkaline phosphatase. Clin Biochem 2021; 97:74-77. [PMID: 34339679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels as screening test for liver function is controversial. The GGT main utility is in cases in which alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is elevated. We aimed to investigate the request over time for alanine amino transferase (ALT), ALP and GGT, study the effect of a new demand management (DM) intervention for optimal GGT measurement in primary care. Our descriptive study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2020. The intervention was established in November 2019 and consisted of the laboratory information system would automatically remove GGT, if the test had been ordered simultaneously with ALP and there was no prior pathological result on record. We counted the absolute number of measured ALT, ALP and GGT, and calculated the ratios for each of the three markers related to creatinine, and GGT related to ALT in a monthly basis. The number of measured GGT increased slightly and progressively along the study until October 2019, when a decrease was observed. The ALT and ALP request from primary care also increased slightly along years. However, the GGT/ALT ratio never reached the 0.2 goal. Out of the 57,614 GGT requested in primary care patients, 38,167 (66.2%) were not measured. 7633.4€ were saved in reagent. The DM intervention to reduce the measurement of GGT when requested redundantly with ALP in primary care was successful, and the results have been maintained over time as observed by monitoring the GGT/CREA and GGT/ALT indicator results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salinas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| | - Emilio Flores
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain; Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain.
| | - Maite López-Garrigós
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Carbonell
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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98
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Pu Y, Yang Z, Mo X. Protective Effect of Luteolin on D-Galactosamine (D-Gal)/Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Hepatic Injury by in Mice. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:2252705. [PMID: 34368345 PMCID: PMC8342164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2252705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effects of luteolin on galactosamine (D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced liver injury in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, D-GaI/LPS group, D-GaI/LPS + luteolin (Lu, 20 mg/kg), and D-GaI/LPS + luteolin (Lu, 40 mg/kg). Mice in the normal control group and D-GaI/LPS group were given distilled water while other groups were given drugs in 7 days by gavage. 4 hours after the continuous administration, Gal (700 mg/kg) and LPS (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. Mice in the normal control group were given the same volume of vegetable oil solution. 24 h after the establishment of the mice model, blood and liver samples were collected. Hematoxylin (HE) staining was used to observe the changes of hepatic histopathology. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) in serum, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured by related kits. Western blotting was used to demonstrate the expression levels of related inflammation proteins. Lu significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and liver. Lu restored the pathological changes after galactosamine (D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In addition, Lu regulated proteins levels of the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway in liver. Lu exhibited therapeutical effects on D-GaI/LPS induced liver injury in mice which might be related to the regulation of the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Pu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Poon SWY, Wong WHS, Tsang AMC, Poon GWK, Tung JYL. Who should return for an oral glucose tolerance test? A proposed clinical pathway based on retrospective analysis of 332 children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:877-884. [PMID: 33866699 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fasting plasma glucose or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the traditional diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, fasting is required and implementation in all overweight/obese subjects is not practical. This study aimed to formulate a clinical pathway to stratify subjects according to their risk of abnormal OGTT. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with overweight or obesity who had undergone OGTT in a tertiary paediatric unit from 2012 to 2018. The optimal haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cutoff that predicts abnormal OGTT was evaluated. Other non-fasting parameters, in combination with this HbA1c cutoff, were also explored as predictors of abnormal OGTT. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-two patients (boys: 54.2%, Chinese: 97.3%) were included for analysis, of which, 272 (81.9%) patients had normal OGTT while 60 (18.0%) patients had abnormal OGTT (prediabetes or T2DM). Optimal HbA1c predicting abnormal OGTT was 5.5% (AUC 0.71; sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 71%). When HbA1c≥5.5% was combined with positive family history and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) level, the positive predictive value for abnormal OGTT was increased from 33.6 to 61.6%. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c, family history of T2DM and ALT level could be used to derive a clinical pathway to stratify children who have high risk of abnormal OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wing-Yiu Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anita Man-Ching Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Wing-Kit Poon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanna Yuet-Ling Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Choi YJ, Kwon DS, Kim T, Cho JH, Kim HJ, Byun MK, Park HJ. Low alanine aminotransferase as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in males. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14829. [PMID: 34290312 PMCID: PMC8295341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels reflect skeletal muscle volume and general performance, which are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate ALT levels as a risk factor for COPD development. This 13-year population-based retrospective observational cohort study included 422,452 participants for analysis. We classified groups according to the baseline ALT levels (groups 1-5: ALT (IU/L) < 10; 10-19; 20-29; 30-39; and ≥ 40, respectively). The incidence of COPD was the highest in group 1, decreasing as the group number increased in males, but not in females. The Cox regression analysis in males revealed that a lower ALT level, as a continuous variable, was a significant risk factor for COPD development [univariable, hazard ratio (HR): 0.992, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.991-0.994; multivariable, HR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999]. In addition, COPD was more likely to develop in the lower ALT level groups (groups 1-4; < 40 IU/L), than in the highest ALT level group (group 5; ≥ 40 IU/L) (univariable, HR: 1.341, 95% CI: 1.263-1.424; multivariable, HR: 1.097, 95% CI: 1.030-1.168). Our findings suggest that males with low ALT levels should be carefully monitored for COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Do Sun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Jae Hwa Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea.
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