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Gatsiou A, Sopova K, Tselepis A, Stellos K. Interleukin-17A Triggers the Release of Platelet-Derived Factors Driving Vascular Endothelial Cells toward a Pro-Angiogenic State. Cells 2021; 10:1855. [PMID: 34440624 PMCID: PMC8392697 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets comprise a highly interactive immune cell subset of the circulatory system traditionally known for their unique haemostatic properties. Although platelets are considered as a vault of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines with pivotal role in vascular regeneration and angiogenesis, the exact mechanisms by which they influence vascular endothelial cells (ECs) function remain underappreciated. In the present study, we examined the role of human IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in platelet-mediated pro-angiogenic responses. We reveal that IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) mRNA is present in platelets transcriptome and a profound increase is documented on the surface of activated platelets. By quantifying the protein levels of several factors, involved in angiogenesis, we identified that IL-17A/IL17RA axis selectively induces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin -2 and -4, as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 from treated platelets. However, IL-17A exerted no effect on the release of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory factor with potentially anti-angiogenic properties, from platelets. Treatment of human endothelial cell two-dimensional tubule networks or three-dimensional spheroid and mouse aortic ring structures with IL-17A-induced platelet releasate evoked pro-angiogenic responses of ECs. Our findings suggest that IL-17A may critically affect platelet release of pro-angiogenic factors driving ECs towards a pro-angiogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Gatsiou
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kateryna Sopova
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Alexandros Tselepis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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Chen S, Chen X, Luo Q, Liu X, Wang X, Cui Z, He A, He S, Jiang Z, Wu N, Chen P, Yu K, Zhuang J. Retinoblastoma cell-derived exosomes promote angiogenesis of human vesicle endothelial cells through microRNA-92a-3p. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:695. [PMID: 34257272 PMCID: PMC8277798 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from tumor cells play a key role in tumor development. In the present study, we identified the bioactivity of exosomes released from WERI-Rb1 retinoblastoma cells in tumor angiogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanism, through biochemical methods and animal experiments. Our in vitro data showed that exosomes could be engulfed by human vesicle endothelial cells (HUVECs), significantly promote cell viability and induce an inflammatory response in HUVECs by increasing the expression of a series of related genes, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VCAM1, and ICAM1. Significant increases in migration and tube formation were also observed in the HUVECs incubated with exosomes. Moreover, experiments with a nude mouse xenotransplantation model showed that exosomes injected near tumors could be strongly absorbed by tumor cells. The numbers of endothelial cells and blood vessels were significantly increased in tumor tissues treated with exosomes compared to control tissues. Furthermore, to reveal the mechanism underlying exosome-mediated angiogenesis in retinoblastoma, we analyzed the levels of 12 microRNAs in the exosomes. Specifically, our data showed that miR-92a-3p was enriched in RB exosomes. Accordingly, miR-92a-3p was increased in the HUVECs incubated with these exosomes. After treatment with a miR-92a-3p inhibitor, the promoting effect of exosomes on the migration and tube formation of HUVECs was significantly abrogated. The expression of the angiogenesis-related genes mentioned above was markedly decreased in HUVECs. Similarly, treatment with a microRNA mimic also demonstrated that miR-92a-3p was involved in the angiogenesis of HUVECs. More importantly, bioinformatics analysis predicted that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a member of the KLF family of zinc-finger transcription factors, might be an active target of miR-92a-3p. Notably, this prediction was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our work suggests that exosomal miR-92a-3p is involved in tumor angiogenesis and might be a promising therapeutic candidate for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Zedu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Anqi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Shengyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Zihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Nandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Keming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China.
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China.
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53
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Maiti G, Frikeche J, Lam CYM, Biswas A, Shinde V, Samanovic M, Kagan JC, Mulligan MJ, Chakravarti S. Matrix lumican endocytosed by immune cells controls receptor ligand trafficking to promote TLR4 and restrict TLR9 in sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100999118. [PMID: 34215697 PMCID: PMC8271568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100999118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections and inflammation are profoundly influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM), but their molecular underpinnings are ill defined. Here, we demonstrate that lumican, an ECM protein normally associated with collagens, is elevated in sepsis patients' blood, while lumican-null mice resolve polymicrobial sepsis poorly, with reduced bacterial clearance and greater body weight loss. Secreted by activated fibroblasts, lumican promotes Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) but restricts nucleic acid-specific TLR9 in macrophages and dendritic cells. The underlying mechanism involves lumican attachment to the common TLR coreceptor CD14 and caveolin 1 (Cav1) in lipid rafts on immune cell surfaces via two epitopes, which may be cryptic in collagen-associated lumican. The Cav1 binding epitope alone is sufficient for cell surface enrichment of Cav1, while both are required for lumican to increase cell surface TLR4, CD14, and proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS. Endocytosed lumican colocalizes with TLR4 and LPS and promotes endosomal induction of type I interferons. Lumican-null macrophages show elevated TLR9 in signal-permissive endolysosomes and increased response, while wild types show lumican colocalization with CpG DNA but not TLR9, consistent with a ligand sequestering, restrictive role for lumican in TLR9 signaling. In vitro, lumican competes with CD14 to bind CpG DNA; biglycan, a lumican paralog, also binds CpG DNA and suppresses TLR9 response. Thus, lumican and other ECM proteins, synthesized de novo or released from collagen association during ECM remodeling, may be internalized by immune cells to regulate their transcriptional programs and effector responses that may be harnessed in future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jihane Frikeche
- Division of Preclinical Pharmacology and Safety, Sangamo Therapeutics, Valbonne 06560, France
| | - Carly Yuen-Man Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Asim Biswas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Vishal Shinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Marie Samanovic
- Langone Vaccine Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Langone Vaccine Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Pawlak K, Sieklucka B, Pawlak D. Paracrine Kynurenic Pathway Activation in the Bone of Young Uremic Rats Can Antagonize Anabolic Effects of PTH on Bone Turnover and Strength through the Disruption of PTH-Dependent Molecular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126563. [PMID: 34207309 PMCID: PMC8234704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism and abnormalities in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism are commonly observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to establish potential interactions between endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) and activation of the bone kynurenine (KYN) pathway in relation to bone turnover and strength in young rats after one month (CKD-1) and three months (CKD-3) of experimental CKD. TRP, KYN, KYN/TRP ratio and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were measured in trabecular and cortical bone tissue. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the genes involved in osteogenesis was determined in femoral bone. Biomechanical testing of femoral diaphysis and femoral neck was also performed. Activation of the KYN pathway in trabecular bone during CKD development intensified the expression of genes related to osteogenesis, which led to a decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and BTMs levels, resulting in a stiffer and mechanically weaker femoral neck. In contrast, reduction of the KYN pathway in cortical bone allowed to unblock the PTH-dependent anabolic activating transcription factor 4/parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R/ATF4) axis, led to cAMP accumulation, better bone turnover and strength in the course of CKD development. In summary, the paracrine KYN pathway in bone can interfere with the anabolic effects of PTH on bone through disrupting PTH-dependent molecular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85748-5600
| | - Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.)
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55
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Jeon HJ, Yoon KA, An ES, Kang TW, Sim YB, Ahn J, Choi EK, Lee S, Seo KW, Kim YB, Kang KS. Therapeutic Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Cartilage Acellular Matrix Mediated Via Bone Morphogenic Protein 6 in a Rabbit Model of Articular Cruciate Ligament Transection. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:596-611. [PMID: 32112264 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a general joint disease. Cartilage damage is associated with a decrease in the density of chondrocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, and are an excellent source of cell therapy. Cartilage-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes chondrogenesis of MSCs. However, the role of MSCs stimulated by ECM is not well known in OA. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of specific factors generated by the application of ECM and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) in managing OA symptoms. Cartilage acellular matrix (CAM), which is a cartilage-derived ECM, was used to promote the chondrogenesis of UCB-MSCs. Induced MSCs were analyzed using chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, collagen type 2, and SOX9) and bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6). BMP6 is known to be involved in early chondrogenesis of MSCs. As a result, treatment with CAM significantly increased the expression of chondrogenic markers and BMP6 in UCB-MSCs. Treatment with recombinant human BMP6 also dramatically increased the levels of chondrogenic markers in UCB-MSCs. In addition, UCB-MSCs and CAM were used to evaluate OA symptom improvement in a rabbit articular cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. Application of UCB-MSCs and CAM enhanced not only the structure and synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen type 2 but also anti-inflammatory effects in both rabbit joint and synovial fluid. Moreover, the detection of human cells and involvement of BMP6 were confirmed in rabbit cartilage tissues. This study indicates that therapeutic potential of UCB-MSCs with CAM is mediated via BMP6 in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Yoon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Beom Sim
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Ahn
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Seo
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine in Kangstem Biotech, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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56
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Aschenbrenner D, Quaranta M, Banerjee S, Ilott N, Jansen J, Steere B, Chen YH, Ho S, Cox K, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Coles M, Gaffney E, Travis SP, Denson L, Kugathasan S, Schmitz J, Powrie F, Sansom SN, Uhlig HH. Deconvolution of monocyte responses in inflammatory bowel disease reveals an IL-1 cytokine network that regulates IL-23 in genetic and acquired IL-10 resistance. Gut 2021; 70:1023-1036. [PMID: 33037057 PMCID: PMC8108288 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulated immune responses are the cause of IBDs. Studies in mice and humans suggest a central role of interleukin (IL)-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of IL-23 are prerequisite for selective IL-23 targeting therapies as part of personalised medicine. DESIGN We performed transcriptomic analysis to investigate IL-23 expression in human mononuclear phagocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We investigated the regulation of IL-23 expression and used single-cell RNA sequencing to derive a transcriptomic signature of hyperinflammatory monocytes. Using gene network correlation analysis, we deconvolved this signature into components associated with homeostasis and inflammation in patient biopsy samples. RESULTS We characterised monocyte subsets of healthy individuals and patients with IBD that express IL-23. We identified autosensing and paracrine sensing of IL-1α/IL-1β and IL-10 as key cytokines that control IL-23-producing monocytes. Whereas Mendelian genetic defects in IL-10 receptor signalling induced IL-23 secretion after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, whole bacteria exposure induced IL-23 production in controls via acquired IL-10 signalling resistance. We found a transcriptional signature of IL-23-producing inflammatory monocytes that predicted both disease and resistance to antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and differentiated that from an IL-23-associated lymphocyte differentiation signature that was present in homeostasis and in disease. CONCLUSION Our work identifies IL-10 and IL-1 as critical regulators of monocyte IL-23 production. We differentiate homeostatic IL-23 production from hyperinflammation-associated IL-23 production in patients with severe ulcerating active Crohn's disease and anti-TNF treatment non-responsiveness. Altogether, we identify subgroups of patients with IBD that might benefit from IL-23p19 and/or IL-1α/IL-1β-targeting therapies upstream of IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Maria Quaranta
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Soumya Banerjee
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Nicholas Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Joanneke Jansen
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Boyd Steere
- Immunology Translational Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yin-Huai Chen
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Stephen Ho
- Immunology Translational Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen Cox
- Immunology Translational Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carolina V Arancibia-Cárcamo
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mark Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Eamonn Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Simon Pl Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lee Denson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jochen Schmitz
- Immunology Translational Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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57
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Kumar RK, Kaiser LM, Rockwell CE, Watts SW. Interleukin-10 does not contribute to the anti-contractile nature of PVAT in health. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 138:106838. [PMID: 33540122 PMCID: PMC8174099 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is protective and reduces contraction of blood vessels in health. PVAT is composed of adipocytes, multiple types of immune cells and stromal cells. Interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine usually produced by T cells, B cells and macrophages, was identified as one of the highly expressed (mRNA) cytokines in the mesenteric PVAT of healthy rats. One report suggested that exogenous IL-10 causes relaxation of mouse mesenteric arteries, also suggesting that IL-10 maybe a potential anti-contractile factor. Hence, we hypothesized that PVAT-derived IL-10 causes vasorelaxation and/or reduces vasoconstriction, thus contributing to the anti-contractile nature of PVAT in health. Mesenteric arteries from rats and mice expressed the receptor for IL-10 (in tunica intima and media) as determined by immunohistochemistry. Mesenteric resistance arteries for rats and superior mesenteric artery for mice were used for isometric contractility studies. Increasing concentrations [0.4-100 ng/mL] of recombinant rat/mouse (rr/mr) IL-10 or vehicle was directly added to half-maximally constricted (phenylephrine, PE) vessels (without PVAT, with endothelium). IL-10 did not cause a direct vasorelaxation. Further, the ability of rrIL-10 to cause a rightward or downward shift of a vasoconstriction-response curve was tested in the rat. The vessels were incubated with rrIL-10 [100 ng/mL or 10 ng/mL] or vehicle for 1.5 h in the tissue bath followed by a cumulative PE [10-8-10-4 M] or U46619 [10-10-10-5 M] response curve. The maximal contractions and EC50 values were similar in IL-10 incubated vessels vs vehicle. Thus, acute exposure of exogenous IL-10 did not reduce local vasoconstriction. To further test if endogenous IL-10 from PVAT was anti-contractile, superior mesenteric arteries from IL-10 WT and KO mice, with and without PVAT, were subjected to increasing concentrations of PE. The anti-contractile nature of PVAT was preserved with both short-term and prolonged depletion (using younger and older mice, respectively) of endogenous IL-10 in males and females. Contrary to our hypothesis, PVAT-derived IL-10 neither caused vasorelaxation nor reduced local vasoconstriction directly/indirectly. Therefore, IL-10 does not contribute to the anti-contractile nature of PVAT in healthy rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA.
| | - L M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - C E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - S W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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58
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Gabasa M, Radisky ES, Ikemori R, Bertolini G, Arshakyan M, Hockla A, Duch P, Rondinone O, Llorente A, Maqueda M, Davalos A, Gavilán E, Perera A, Ramírez J, Gascón P, Reguart N, Roz L, Radisky DC, Alcaraz J. MMP1 drives tumor progression in large cell carcinoma of the lung through fibroblast senescence. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:1-12. [PMID: 33684534 PMCID: PMC8026696 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Large cell carcinoma (LCC) is a rare and aggressive lung cancer subtype with poor prognosis and no targeted therapies. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) derived from LCC tumors exhibit premature senescence, and coculture of pulmonary fibroblasts with LCC cell lines selectively induces fibroblast senescence, which in turn drives LCC cell growth and invasion. Here we identify MMP1 as overexpressed specifically in LCC cell lines, and we show that expression of MMP1 by LCC cells is necessary for induction of fibroblast senescence and consequent tumor promotion in both cell culture and mouse models. We also show that MMP1, in combination with TGF-β1, is sufficient to induce fibroblast senescence and consequent LCC promotion. Furthermore, we implicate PAR-1 and oxidative stress in MMP1/TGF-β1-induced TAF senescence. Our results establish an entirely new role for MMP1 in cancer, and support a novel therapeutic strategy in LCC based on targeting senescent TAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rafael Ikemori
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Giulia Bertolini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Marselina Arshakyan
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Alexandra Hockla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paula Duch
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Ornella Rondinone
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Alejandro Llorente
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Department of ESAII, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | | | - Elena Gavilán
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), CSIC, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Alexandre Perera
- Department of ESAII, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Josep Ramírez
- Pathology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Pere Gascón
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Luca Roz
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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Wu XM, Qian C, Jiang F, Bao YX, Qian ZM, Ke Y. The involvement of nuclear factor-κB in astroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury by ischemia-preconditioned neurons. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4515-4527. [PMID: 33442879 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioned (IP) neurons protect astrocytes against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. Based on the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cell survival and adaption to oxidative stress, we hypothesized that NF-κB might be associated with astroprotection induced by IP neurons via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we investigated the effects of IP neurons on NF-κB activation, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of antioxidant enzymes, erythropoietin (EPO), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in the presence or absence of BAY11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor), anti-EPO, and anti-TNF-α antibodies, in astrocytes treated with or without I/R. We found that IP neurons could keep NF-κB activation at a relatively higher but beneficial level, and in turn, upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and hence enhanced cell viability and reduced ROS in I/R treated astrocytes. The results collectively indicated that IP neurons are able to significantly inhibit the I/R-induced NF-κB overactivation, probably via EPO and TNF-α, being essential for IP neuron-induced astroprotection under the conditions of I/R. We concluded that NF-κB-mediated antioxidative stress is one of the mechanisms by which IP neurons protect astrocytes against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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60
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Li K, Zhao J, Wang M, Niu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Zheng Y. The Roles of Various Prostaglandins in Fibrosis: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060789. [PMID: 34073892 PMCID: PMC8225152 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a common pathological result of various chronic diseases with multiple causes. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and eventually leads to the destruction of the tissue structure and impaired organ function. Prostaglandins are produced by arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenases and various prostaglandin-specific synthases. Prostaglandins bind to homologous receptors on adjacent tissue cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner and participate in the regulation of a series of physiological or pathological processes, including fibrosis. This review summarizes the properties, synthesis, and degradation of various prostaglandins, as well as the roles of these prostaglandins and their receptors in fibrosis in multiple models to reveal the clinical significance of prostaglandins and their receptors in the treatment of fibrosis.
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Mancini V, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Picton HM, Pensabene V. Metabolomic Analysis Evidences That Uterine Epithelial Cells Enhance Blastocyst Development in a Microfluidic Device. Cells 2021; 10:1194. [PMID: 34068340 PMCID: PMC8153284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the use of a microfluidic system to assess the differential metabolomics of murine embryos cultured with endometrial cells-conditioned media (CM). Groups of 10, 1-cell murine B6C3F1 × B6D2F1 embryos were cultured in the microfluidic device. To produce CM, mouse uterine epithelial cells were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) for 24 h. Media samples were collected from devices after 5 days of culture with KSOM (control) and CM, analyzed by reverse phase liquid chromatography and untargeted positive ion mode mass spectrometry analysis. Blastocyst rates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CM (71.8%) compared to control media (54.6%). We observed significant upregulation of 341 compounds and downregulation of 214 compounds in spent media from CM devices when compared to control. Out of these, 353 compounds were identified showing a significant increased abundance of metabolites involved in key metabolic pathways (e.g., arginine, proline and pyrimidine metabolism) in the CM group, suggesting a beneficial effect of CM on embryo development. The metabolomic study carried out in a microfluidic environment confirms our hypothesis on the potential of uterine epithelial cells to enhance blastocyst development. Further investigations are required to highlight specific pathways involved in embryo development and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mancini
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Alexandra C. Schrimpe-Rutledge
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (A.C.S.-R.); (S.G.C.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Simona G. Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (A.C.S.-R.); (S.G.C.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (A.C.S.-R.); (S.G.C.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - John A. McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (A.C.S.-R.); (S.G.C.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Helen M. Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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van Vliet T, Varela-Eirin M, Wang B, Borghesan M, Brandenburg SM, Franzin R, Evangelou K, Seelen M, Gorgoulis V, Demaria M. Physiological hypoxia restrains the senescence-associated secretory phenotype via AMPK-mediated mTOR suppression. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2041-2052.e6. [PMID: 33823141 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable proliferative arrest triggered by damaging signals. Senescent cells persist during aging and promote age-related pathologies via the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whose regulation depends on environmental factors. In vivo, a major environmental variable is oxygenation, which varies among and within tissues. Here, we demonstrate that senescent cells express lower levels of detrimental pro-inflammatory SASP factors in physiologically hypoxic environments, as measured in culture and in tissues. Mechanistically, exposure of senescent cells to low-oxygen conditions leads to AMPK activation and AMPK-mediated suppression of the mTOR-NF-κB signaling loop. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with hypoxia-mimetic compounds reduces SASP in cells and tissues and improves strength in chemotherapy-treated and aged mice. Our findings highlight the importance of oxygen as a determinant for pro-inflammatory SASP expression and offer a potential new strategy to reduce detrimental paracrine effects of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijmen van Vliet
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Varela-Eirin
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Michela Borghesan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Simone M Brandenburg
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Experimental Nephrology Department, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece
| | - Marc Seelen
- Experimental Nephrology Department, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Li X, Niu W, Chen J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang Y, Dang S, Li Z. The alveolar epithelial cells are involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2021; 22:134. [PMID: 33947399 PMCID: PMC8094493 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a common type of pulmonary hypertension and characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction. Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) primarily sense alveolar hypoxia, but the role of AECs in HPH remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether AECs are involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction. METHODS In the constructed rat HPH model, hemodynamic and morphological characteristics were measured. By treating AECs with hypoxia, we further detected the levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. To detect the effects of AECs on pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction, AECs and pulmonary artery smooth cells (PASMCs) were co-cultured under hypoxia, and PASMCs and isolated pulmonary artery (PA) were treated with AECs hypoxic culture medium. In addition, to explore the mechanism of AECs on pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction, ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used. RESULTS Hypoxia caused pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary artery pressure, but had little effect on non-pulmonary vessels in vivo. Meanwhile, in vitro, hypoxia promoted the imbalance of SOD2 and CAT in AECs, leading to increased ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the AECs culture medium. In addition, AECs caused the proliferation of co-cultured PASMCs under hypoxia, and the hypoxic culture medium of AECs enhanced the constriction of isolated PA. However, treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC effectively alleviated the above effects. CONCLUSION The findings of present study demonstrated that AECs were involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and constriction under hypoxia by paracrine H2O2 into the pulmonary vascular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Western Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
- Northwest University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, People's Republic of China.
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Lagnado A, Leslie J, Ruchaud‐Sparagano M, Victorelli S, Hirsova P, Ogrodnik M, Collins AL, Vizioli MG, Habiballa L, Saretzki G, Evans SA, Salmonowicz H, Hruby A, Geh D, Pavelko KD, Dolan D, Reeves HL, Grellscheid S, Wilson CH, Pandanaboyana S, Doolittle M, von Zglinicki T, Oakley F, Gallage S, Wilson CL, Birch J, Carroll B, Chapman J, Heikenwalder M, Neretti N, Khosla S, Masuda CA, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Jurk D, Mann DA, Passos JF. Neutrophils induce paracrine telomere dysfunction and senescence in ROS-dependent manner. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106048. [PMID: 33764576 PMCID: PMC8090854 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest as well as a pro-inflammatory phenotype, thought to contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Neutrophils have essential roles in inflammatory responses; however, in certain contexts their abundance is associated with a number of age-related diseases, including liver disease. The relationship between neutrophils and cellular senescence is not well understood. Here, we show that telomeres in non-immune cells are highly susceptible to oxidative damage caused by neighboring neutrophils. Neutrophils cause telomere dysfunction both in vitro and ex vivo in a ROS-dependent manner. In a mouse model of acute liver injury, depletion of neutrophils reduces telomere dysfunction and senescence. Finally, we show that senescent cells mediate the recruitment of neutrophils to the aged liver and propose that this may be a mechanism by which senescence spreads to surrounding cells. Our results suggest that interventions that counteract neutrophil-induced senescence may be beneficial during aging and age-related disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration resistant prostate cancer progression is associated with an acquired intratumoral androgen synthesis. Signaling pathways that can upregulate androgen production in prostate tumor microenvironment are not entirely known. In this study, we investigate the potential effect of a secreted signaling protein named semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) on steroidogenic activities of prostatic stromal cells. METHODS We treated human primary prostate stromal cells (PrSC) with 1uM recombinant SEMA3C protein and androgen precursor named dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 1.7uM. Also, to test SEMA3C's effect on the conversion of DHEA to androgens, we exposed PrSCs to the conditioned media derived from LNCaP cells that were transduced with a lentiviral vector harboring full length SEMA3C gene or empty vector (CM-LNSEMA3C or CM-LNVector ). Then, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on steroids isolated from PrSCs media. The messnger RNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes in PrSCs was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Recombinant SEMA3C had no effect on steroidogenic activities in PrSCs. However, key steroidogenic enzymes expression and androgen synthesis were upregulated in PrSCs treated with CM-LNSEMA3C , compared to those treated with CM-LNVector . These results suggest that steroidogenic activities in PrSCs were upregulated in response to a signaling factor in CM-LNSEMA3C , other than SEMA3C. We hypothesized that SEMA3C overexpression in LNCaP cells affected androgen synthesis in PrSCs through sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway activation in PrSCs. We verified this effect by blocking Shh signaling with smoothened antagonist. CONCLUSION Based on known ability of Shh signaling pathway to activate steroidogenesis in stromal cells, we suggest that SEMA3C overexpression in LNCaP cells can upregulate Shh which in turn is able to stimulate steroidogenic activities in prostatic stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Yenki
- The Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans H Adomat
- The Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- The Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Background: Thyrotropin (TSH) is well known as the hormone of the anterior pituitary thyrotrophs responsible for acting in the thyroid gland, where it stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones through Gs and Gq/11 protein coupled TSH receptors (TSHRs). Methods: In this study, we examined whether the functional TSHRs are also expressed in cultured rat pituitary cells, using double immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, cAMP and hormone measurements, and single-cell calcium imaging. Results: Double immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of TSHRs in cultured corticotrophs and melanotrophs, in addition to previously identified receptors in folliculostellate cells. The functional coupling of these receptors to the Gq/11 signaling pathway was not observed, as demonstrated by the lack of TSH activation of IP3-dependent calcium mobilization in these cells when bathed in calcium-deficient medium. However, TSH increased cAMP production in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and facilitated calcium influx in single corticotrophs and melanotrophs, indicating their coupling to the Gs signaling pathway. Consistent with these findings, TSH stimulated adrenocorticotropin and β-endorphin release in male and female pituitary cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner without affecting the expression of proopiomelanocortin gene. Conclusions: These results indicate that TSH is a potential paracrine modulator of anterior pituitary corticotrophs and melanotrophs, controlling the exocytotic but not the transcriptional pathway in a cAMP/calcium influx-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Maso Prévide
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
- Address correspondence to: Rafael Maso Prévide, PhD, Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 8N240, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1829, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kosara Smiljanic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marija M. Janjic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stanko S. Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Santolla MF, Talia M, Maggiolini M. S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094720. [PMID: 33946884 PMCID: PMC8124532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype characterized by poor clinical outcome. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made to better understand the biological landscape of TNBC, though appropriate targets still remain to be determined. In the present study, we have determined that the expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 are higher in TNBC with respect to non-TNBC patients when analyzing “The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) dataset. In addition, we have found that the gene expression of FGF2 is positively correlated with S100A4 in TNBC samples. Performing quantitative PCR, Western blot, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, promoter studies, immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation studies, and ChIP assays, we have also demonstrated that FGF2 induces in TNBC cells the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 via FGFR1, along with the ERK1/2–AKT–c-Rel transduction signaling. Using conditioned medium from TNBC cells stimulated with FGF2, we have also ascertained that the paracrine activation of the S100A4/RAGE pathway triggers angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the action of the FGF2/FGFR1 axis through S100A4 toward stimulatory effects elicited in TNBC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Genestine M, Ambriz D, Crabtree GW, Dummer P, Molotkova A, Quintero M, Mela A, Biswas S, Feng H, Zhang C, Canoll P, Hargus G, Agalliu D, Gogos JA, Au E. Vascular-derived SPARC and SerpinE1 regulate interneuron tangential migration and accelerate functional maturation of human stem cell-derived interneurons. eLife 2021; 10:e56063. [PMID: 33904394 PMCID: PMC8099424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons establish inhibitory microcircuits throughout the neocortex and their dysfunction has been implicated in epilepsy and neuropsychiatric diseases. Developmentally, interneurons migrate from a distal progenitor domain in order to populate the neocortex - a process that occurs at a slower rate in humans than in mice. In this study, we sought to identify factors that regulate the rate of interneuron maturation across the two species. Using embryonic mouse development as a model system, we found that the process of initiating interneuron migration is regulated by blood vessels of the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), an interneuron progenitor domain. We identified two endothelial cell-derived paracrine factors, SPARC and SerpinE1, that enhance interneuron migration in mouse MGE explants and organotypic cultures. Moreover, pre-treatment of human stem cell-derived interneurons (hSC-interneurons) with SPARC and SerpinE1 prior to transplantation into neonatal mouse cortex enhanced their migration and morphological elaboration in the host cortex. Further, SPARC and SerpinE1-treated hSC-interneurons also exhibited more mature electrophysiological characteristics compared to controls. Overall, our studies suggest a critical role for CNS vasculature in regulating interneuron developmental maturation in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Genestine
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daisy Ambriz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregg W Crabtree
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Patrick Dummer
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna Molotkova
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michael Quintero
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Saptarshi Biswas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Huijuan Feng
- Department of Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Biophysics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Edmund Au
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative ScholarNew YorkUnited States
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Hoekstra ME, Vijver SV, Schumacher TN. Modulation of the tumor micro-environment by CD8 + T cell-derived cytokines. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 69:65-71. [PMID: 33862306 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Upon their activation, CD8+ T cells in the tumor micro-environment (TME) secrete cytokines such as IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2. While over the past years a major interest has developed in the antigenic signals that induce such cytokine release, our understanding of the cells that subsequently sense these CD8+ T-cell secreted cytokines is modest. Here, we review the current insights into the spreading behavior of CD8+ T-cell-secreted cytokines in the TME. We argue for a model in which variation in the mode of cytokine secretion, cytokine half-life, receptor-mediated clearance, cytokine binding to extracellular components, and feedback or forward loops, between different cytokines or between individual tumors, sculpts the local tissue response to natural and therapy-induced T-cell activation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam E Hoekstra
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia V Vijver
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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70
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Brunt L, Greicius G, Rogers S, Evans BD, Virshup DM, Wedgwood KCA, Scholpp S. Vangl2 promotes the formation of long cytonemes to enable distant Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2058. [PMID: 33824332 PMCID: PMC8024337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates cell proliferation and cell differentiation as well as migration and polarity during development. However, it is still unclear how the Wnt ligand distribution is precisely controlled to fulfil these functions. Here, we show that the planar cell polarity protein Vangl2 regulates the distribution of Wnt by cytonemes. In zebrafish epiblast cells, mouse intestinal telocytes and human gastric cancer cells, Vangl2 activation generates extremely long cytonemes, which branch and deliver Wnt protein to multiple cells. The Vangl2-activated cytonemes increase Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the surrounding cells. Concordantly, Vangl2 inhibition causes fewer and shorter cytonemes to be formed and reduces paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling. A mathematical model simulating these Vangl2 functions on cytonemes in zebrafish gastrulation predicts a shift of the signaling gradient, altered tissue patterning, and a loss of tissue domain sharpness. We confirmed these predictions during anteroposterior patterning in the zebrafish neural plate. In summary, we demonstrate that Vangl2 is fundamental to paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling by controlling cytoneme behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Brunt
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gediminas Greicius
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sally Rogers
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin D Evans
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyle C A Wedgwood
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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71
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Böttcher M, Bruns H, Völkl S, Lu J, Chartomatsidou E, Papakonstantinou N, Mentz K, Büttner-Herold M, Zenz T, Herling M, Huber W, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. Control of PD-L1 expression in CLL-cells by stromal triggering of the Notch-c-Myc-EZH2 oncogenic signaling axis. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001889. [PMID: 33931470 PMCID: PMC8098943 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Emerging data suggest that CLL-cells efficiently evade immunosurveillance. T-cell deficiencies in CLL include immuno(metabolic) exhaustion that is achieved by inhibitory molecules, with programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling emerging as a major underlying mechanism. Moreover, CLL-cells are characterized by a close and recurrent interaction with their stromal niches in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Here, they receive nurturing signals within a well-protected environment. We could previously show that the interaction of CLL-cells with stroma leads to c-Myc activation that is followed by metabolic adaptations. Recent data indicate that c-Myc also controls expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Therefore, we sought out to determine the role of stromal contact for the CLL-cells' PD-L1 expression and thus their immuno-evasive phenotype.To do so, we analyzed PD-L1 expression on CLL cell (subsets) in untreated patients and on healthy donor-derived B-cells. Impact of stromal contact on PD-L1 expression on CLL-cells and the underlying signaling pathways were assessed in well-established in vitro niche models. Ex vivo and in vitro findings were validated in the Eµ-TCL1 transgenic CLL mouse model.We found increased PD-L1 expression on CLL-cells as compared with B-cells that was further enhanced in a cell-to-cell contact-dependent manner by stromal cells. In fact, circulating recent stromal-niche emigrants displayed higher PD-L1 levels than long-time circulating CLL-cells. Using our in vitro niche model, we show that a novel Notch-c-Myc-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) signaling axis controls PD-L1 upregulation. Ultimately, elevated PD-L1 levels conferred increased resistance towards activated autologous T-cells.In summary, our findings support the notion that the CLL microenvironment contributes to immune escape variants. In addition, several targetable molecules (eg, Notch or EZH2) could be exploited in view of improving immune responses in patients with CLL, which warrants further in-depth investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line
- Coculture Techniques
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Paracrine Communication
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Junyan Lu
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Elisavet Chartomatsidou
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Kristin Mentz
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, CMMC, CECAD, CIO-ABCD, University of Cologne, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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72
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Kwon JS, Schumacher SM, Gao E, Chuprun JK, Ibetti J, Roy R, Khan M, Kishore R, Koch WJ. Characterization of βARKct engineered cellular extracellular vesicles and model specific cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1276-H1289. [PMID: 33513081 PMCID: PMC8260382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00571.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data supporting any benefit of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease have suggested paracrine-based mechanisms via extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. We have previously engineered cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CDCs) to express a peptide inhibitor, βARKct, of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, leading to improvements in cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In this study, we tested whether βARKct-CDC EVs would be efficacious when applied to stressed myocytes in vitro and in vivo. When isolated EVs from βARKct-CDCs and control GFP-CDCs were added to cardiomyocytes in culture, they both protected against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. We tested whether these EVs could protect the mouse heart in vivo, following exposure either to myocardial infarction (MI) or acute catecholamine toxicity. Both types of EVs significantly protected against ischemic injury and improved cardiac function after MI compared with mice treated with EVs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts; however, βARKct EVs treated mice did display some unique beneficial properties including significantly altered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in a catecholamine toxicity model of heart failure (HF), myocardial injections of βARKct-containing EVs were superior at preventing HF compared with control EVs, and this catecholamine toxicity protection was recapitulated in vitro. Therefore, introduction of the βARKct into cellular EVs can have improved reparative properties in the heart especially against catecholamine damage, which is significant as sympathetic nervous system activity is increased in HF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY βARKct, the peptide inhibitor of GRK2, improves survival and metabolic functions of cardiac-derived progenitor cells. As any benefit of stem cells in the ischemic and injured heart suggests paracrine mechanisms via secreted EVs, we investigated whether CDC-βARKct engineered EVs would show any benefit over control CDC-EVs. Compared with control EVs, βARKct-containing EVs displayed some unique beneficial properties that may be due to altered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines within the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sook Kwon
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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73
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Furuhashi S, Morita Y, Ida S, Muraki R, Kitajima R, Takeda M, Kikuchi H, Hiramatsu Y, Setou M, Takeuchi H. Ephrin Receptor A4 Expression Enhances Migration, Invasion and Neurotropism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:1733-1744. [PMID: 33813377 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We sought to identify the mechanisms of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized in vitro cancer cell-nerve co-culture models comprising human PDAC cell lines (MIA Paca2 and PANC-1) and a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) isolated from neonatal mice. We compared gene expression profiles between cell lines with/without DRG conditioned medium (DRG-CM) using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS Migration, invasion, and neurotropism were significantly enhanced in MIA Paca2 but not in PANC-1 cells co-cultured with DRGs. Among 285 genes which showed significant differences in expression levels between cell lines in RNA-seq, we focused on Ephrin receptor A4 (EPHA4), which was upregulated in MIA Paca2 cells treated with DRG-CM. The abilities of migration, invasion, and neurotropism enhanced by DRG co-culture were abolished when EPHA4 was knocked down by siRNA in MIA Paca2 cells. CONCLUSION EPHA4 can be a potential target gene to regulate perineural invasion in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Furuhashi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Shinya Ida
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muraki
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitajima
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Perioperative Functioning Care and Support, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Myojin Y, Hikita H, Sugiyama M, Sasaki Y, Fukumoto K, Sakane S, Makino Y, Takemura N, Yamada R, Shigekawa M, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Kobayashi S, Tatsumi T, Suemizu H, Eguchi H, Kokudo N, Mizokami M, Takehara T. Hepatic Stellate Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promote Tumor Growth Via Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Production. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1741-1754.e16. [PMID: 33346004 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor growth, it is not fully understood what role hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment. METHODS A high-fat diet after streptozotocin was administered to HSC-specific Atg7-deficient (GFAP-Atg7 knockout [KO]) or growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)-deficient (GFAP-GDF15KO) mice. LX-2 cells, a human HSC cell line, were cultured with human hepatoma cells. RESULTS In the steatohepatitis-based tumorigenesis model, GFAP-Atg7KO mice formed fewer and smaller liver tumors than their wild-type littermates. Mixed culture of LX-2 cells and hepatoma cells promoted LX-2 cell autophagy and hepatoma cell proliferation, which were attenuated by Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells. Hepatoma cell xenograft tumors grew rapidly in the presence of LX-2 cells, but Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells abolished this growth. RNA-sequencing revealed that LX-2 cells cultured with HepG2 cells highly expressed GDF15, which was abolished by Atg7 KO in LX-2 cells. GDF15 KO LX-2 cells did not show a growth-promoting effect on hepatoma cells either in vitro or in the xenograft model. GDF15 deficiency in HSCs reduced liver tumor size caused by the steatohepatitis-based tumorigenesis model. GDF15 was highly expressed and GDF15-positive nonparenchymal cells were more abundant in human HCC compared with noncancerous parts. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that GDF15-positive rates in HSCs were higher in HCC than in background liver. Serum GDF15 levels were high in HCC patients and increased with tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS In the HCC microenvironment, an increase of HSCs that produces GDF15 in an autophagy-dependent manner may be involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Myojin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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75
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Shi M, Zhao F, Sun L, Tang F, Gao W, Xie W, Cao X, Zhuang J, Chen X. Bioactive glass activates VEGF paracrine signaling of cardiomyocytes to promote cardiac angiogenesis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 124:112077. [PMID: 33947569 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart contains a wide range of cell types, which are not isolated but interact with one another via multifarious paracrine, autocrine and endocrine factors. In terms of cardiac angiogenesis, previous studies have proved that regulating the communication between cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells is efficacious to promote capillary formation. Firstly, this study investigated the effect and underlying mechanism of bioactive glass (BG) acted on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes. We found that bioactive ions released from BG significantly promoted the VEGF production and secretion of cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, we proved that cardiomyocyte-derived VEGF played an important role in mediating the behavior of endothelial cells. Further research showed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway was upregulated by BG, which was involved in VEGF expression of cardiomyocytes. This study revealed that by means of modulating cellular crosstalk via paracrine signaling of host cells in heart is a new direction for the application of BGs in cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyao Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fengling Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wendong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weihan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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76
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Dong YL, Vadla GP, Lu JYJ, Ahmad V, Klein TJ, Liu LF, Glazer PM, Xu T, Chabu CY. Cooperation between oncogenic Ras and wild-type p53 stimulates STAT non-cell autonomously to promote tumor radioresistance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:374. [PMID: 33742110 PMCID: PMC7979758 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations are associated with tumor resistance to radiation therapy. Cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence therapy outcomes. However, the nature of these interactions and their role in Ras tumor radioresistance remain unclear. Here we use Drosophila oncogenic Ras tissues and human Ras cancer cell radiation models to address these questions. We discover that cellular response to genotoxic stress cooperates with oncogenic Ras to activate JAK/STAT non-cell autonomously in the TME. Specifically, p53 is heterogeneously activated in Ras tumor tissues in response to irradiation. This mosaicism allows high p53-expressing Ras clones to stimulate JAK/STAT cytokines, which activate JAK/STAT in the nearby low p53-expressing surviving Ras clones, leading to robust tumor re-establishment. Blocking any part of this cell-cell communication loop re-sensitizes Ras tumor cells to irradiation. These findings suggest that coupling STAT inhibitors to radiotherapy might improve clinical outcomes for Ras cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research, Fudan-Yale Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangadhara P Vadla
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Yu Jim Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale-Waterbury Internal Medicine Residency Program, Waterbury, CT, USA
| | - Vakil Ahmad
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Klein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- South Florida Radiation Oncology, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Lu-Fang Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tian Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chiswili-Yves Chabu
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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77
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Emig R, Knodt W, Krussig MJ, Zgierski-Johnston CM, Gorka O, Groß O, Kohl P, Ravens U, Peyronnet R. Piezo1 Channels Contribute to the Regulation of Human Atrial Fibroblast Mechanical Properties and Matrix Stiffness Sensing. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030663. [PMID: 33809739 PMCID: PMC8002259 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment of cardiac cells changes continuously and undergoes major alterations during diseases. Most cardiac diseases, including atrial fibrillation, are accompanied by fibrosis which can impair both electrical and mechanical function of the heart. A key characteristic of fibrotic tissue is excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to increased tissue stiffness. Cells are known to respond to changes in their mechanical environment, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this ability are incompletely understood. We used cell culture systems and hydrogels with tunable stiffness, combined with advanced biophysical and imaging techniques, to elucidate the roles of the stretch-activated channel Piezo1 in human atrial fibroblast mechano-sensing. Changing the expression level of Piezo1 revealed that this mechano-sensor contributes to the organization of the cytoskeleton, affecting mechanical properties of human embryonic kidney cells and human atrial fibroblasts. Our results suggest that this response is independent of Piezo1-mediated ion conduction at the plasma membrane, and mediated in part by components of the integrin pathway. Further, we show that Piezo1 is instrumental for fibroblast adaptation to changes in matrix stiffness, and that Piezo1-induced cell stiffening is transmitted in a paracrine manner to other cells by a signaling mechanism requiring interleukin-6. Piezo1 may be a new candidate for targeted interference with cardiac fibroblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Emig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Knodt
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Mario J. Krussig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Callum M. Zgierski-Johnston
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (O.G.); (O.G.)
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (O.G.); (O.G.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (R.E.); (W.K.); (M.J.K.); (C.M.Z.-J.); (P.K.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence:
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78
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Hsieh LS, Lin TV, Bordey A. Rab27a-Dependent Paracrine Communication Controls Dendritic Spine Formation and Sensory Responses in the Barrel Cortex. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030622. [PMID: 33799820 PMCID: PMC8000154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab27a is an evolutionarily conserved small GTPase that regulates vesicle trafficking, and copy number variants of RAB27a are associated with increased risk of autism. However, the function of Rab27a on brain development is unknown. Here, we identified a form of paracrine communication that regulates spine development between distinct populations of developing cortical neurons. In the developing somatosensory cortex of mice, we show that decreasing Rab27a levels in late-born pyramidal neurons destined for layer (L) 2/3 had no cell-autonomous effect on their synaptic integration but increased excitatory synaptic transmission onto L4 neurons that receive somatosensory information. This effect resulted in an increased number of L4 neurons activated by whisker stimulation in juvenile mice. In addition, we found that Rab27a, the level of which decreases as neurons mature, regulates the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in developing neurons in vitro and decreasing Rab27a levels led to the accumulation of CD63-positive vesicular compartments in L2/3 neurons in vivo. Together, our study reveals that Rab27a-mediated paracrine communication regulates the development of synaptic connectivity, ultimately tuning responses to sensory stimulation, possibly via controlling the release of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA; (L.Z.); (L.S.H.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Lawrence S. Hsieh
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA; (L.Z.); (L.S.H.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Tiffany V. Lin
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA; (L.Z.); (L.S.H.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Angélique Bordey
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA; (L.Z.); (L.S.H.); (T.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-737-2515; Fax: +1-203-737-2159
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79
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Liu G, Sun J, Yang ZF, Zhou C, Zhou PY, Guan RY, Sun BY, Wang ZT, Zhou J, Fan J, Qiu SJ, Yi Y. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived CXCL11 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and tumor metastasis through the circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:260. [PMID: 33707417 PMCID: PMC7952559 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are commonly acquired activated extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts, a phenotypes with multiple roles in hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis via crosstalk with cohabitating stromal/cancer cells. Here, we discovered a mechanism whereby CAF-derived cytokines enhance hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis by activating the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in tumor cells. CAFs secreted significantly higher levels of CXCL11 than normal fibroblasts (NFs), and CXCL11 also had comparatively higher expressions in HCC tissues, particularly in metastatic tissues, than para-carcinoma tissues. Both CAF-derived and experimentally introduced CXCL11 promoted HCC cell migration. Likewise, CAFs promoted tumor migration in orthotopic models, as shown by an increased number of tumor nodules, whereas CXCL11 silencing triggered a decrease of it. CXCL11 stimulation upregulated circUBAP2 expression, which was significantly higher in HCC tissues than para-carcinoma tissues. Silencing circUBAP2 reversed the effects of CXCL11 on the expression of IL-1β/IL-17 and HCC cell migration. Further downstream, the IFIT1 and IFIT3 levels were significantly upregulated in HCC cells upon CXCL11 stimulation, but downregulated upon circUBAP2 silencing. IFIT1 or IFIT3 silencing reduced the expression of IL-17 and IL-1β, and attenuated the migration capability of HCC cells. Herein, circUBAP2 counteracted miR-4756-mediated inhibition on IFIT1/3 via sponging miR-4756. miR-4756 inhibition reversed the effects induced by circUBAP2 silencing on the IL-17 and IL-1β levels and HCC cell migration. In orthotopic models, miR-4756 inhibition also reversed the effects on metastatic progression induced by silencing circUBAP2.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL11/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL11/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Paracrine Communication
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhang-Fu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Pei-Yun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ruo-Yu Guan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Bao-Ye Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhu-Tao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yong Yi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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80
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de Miguel-Gómez L, López-Martínez S, Francés-Herrero E, Rodríguez-Eguren A, Pellicer A, Cervelló I. Stem Cells and the Endometrium: From the Discovery of Adult Stem Cells to Pre-Clinical Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030595. [PMID: 33800355 PMCID: PMC7998473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) were long suspected to exist in the endometrium. Indeed, several types of endometrial ASCs were identified in rodents and humans through diverse isolation and characterization techniques. Putative stromal and epithelial stem cell niches were identified in murine models using label-retention techniques. In humans, functional methods (clonogenicity, long-term culture, and multi-lineage differentiation assays) and stem cell markers (CD146, SUSD2/W5C5, LGR5, NTPDase2, SSEA-1, or N-cadherin) facilitated the identification of three main types of endogenous endometrial ASCs: stromal, epithelial progenitor, and endothelial stem cells. Further, exogenous populations of stem cells derived from bone marrow may act as key effectors of the endometrial ASC niche. These findings are promoting the development of stem cell therapies for endometrial pathologies, with an evolution towards paracrine approaches. At the same time, promising therapeutic alternatives based on bioengineering have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía de Miguel-Gómez
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sara López-Martínez
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Emilio Francés-Herrero
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adolfo Rodríguez-Eguren
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- IVIRMA Rome Parioli, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Cervelló
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-903-305
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81
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Liu Q, Chen X, Liu C, Pan L, Kang X, Li Y, Du C, Dong S, Xiang AP, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental immune-mediated liver injury via chitinase 3-like protein 1-mediated T cell suppression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:240. [PMID: 33664231 PMCID: PMC7933182 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases with different pathogenesis share common pathways of immune-mediated injury. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was induced in both acute and chronic liver injuries, and recent studies reported that it possesses an immunosuppressive ability. CHI3L1 was also expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), thus we investigates the role of CHI3L1 in MSC-based therapy for immune-mediated liver injury here. We found that CHI3L1 was highly expressed in human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs). Downregulating CHI3L1 mitigated the ability of hUC-MSCs to inhibit T cell activation, proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. Using Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model, we found that silencing CHI3L1 significantly abrogated the hUC-MSCs-mediated alleviation of liver injury, accompanying by weakened suppressive effects on infiltration and activation of hepatic T cells, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, recombinant CHI3L1 (rCHI3L1) administration inhibited the proliferation and function of activated T cells, and alleviated the Con A-induced liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis showed that JAK/STAT signalling pathway was one of the most significantly enriched gene pathways in T cells co-cultured with hUC-MSCs with CHI3L1 knockdown, and further study revealed that CHI3L1 secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibited the STAT1/3 signalling in T cells by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Collectively, our data showed that CHI3L1 was a novel MSC-secreted immunosuppressive factor and provided new insights into therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated liver injury.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0106100, 2018YFA0107203, 2017YFA010550), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971526, 81670601, 81760112, 31601184, 81870449, 81970537, 81970109), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515010272, 2020A1515011385), Key project fund of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2017A030311034), Special fund for frontier and key technology innovation of Guangdong (2015B020226004) and National Keypoint Research and Invention program of the thirteenth (2018ZX10723203), the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province (2019B020236004, 2019B020234001, 2019B020235002, 2017B020230004), Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City (201803040011, 201802020023), Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou (201906010095), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20ykpy149).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Du
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
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82
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Gao A, Liu X, Lin W, Wang J, Wang S, Si F, Huang L, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Peng G. Tumor-derived ILT4 induces T cell senescence and suppresses tumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001536. [PMID: 33653799 PMCID: PMC7929805 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunotherapies including checkpoint blockade therapy have limited success rates in certain types of cancers. Identification of alternative checkpoint molecules for the development of effective strategies for tumor immunotherapy is urgently needed. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) is an immunosuppressive molecule expressed in both myeloid innate cells and malignant tumor cells. However, the role of tumor-derived ILT4 in regulating cancer biology and tumor immunity remains unclear. METHODS ILT4 expression in tumor cells and patient samples was determined by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. T cell senescence induced by tumor was evaluated using multiple markers and assays. Moreover, metabolic enzyme and signaling molecule expression and lipid droplets in tumor cells were determined using real-time PCR, western blot and oil red O staining, respectively. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies were used to identify the causative role of ILT4 in tumor-induced T cell senescence. In addition, breast cancer and melanoma mouse tumor models were performed to demonstrate the role of ILT4 as a checkpoint molecule for tumor immunotherapy. RESULTS We reported that ILT4 is highly expressed in human tumor cells and tissues, which is negatively associated with clinical outcomes. Furthermore, tumor-derived ILT4/PIR-B (ILT4 ortholog in mouse) is directly involved in induction of cell senescence in naïve/effector T cells mediated by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ILT4/PIR-B increases fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation in tumor cells via activation of MAPK ERK1/2 signaling, resulting in promotion of tumor growth and progression, and induction of effector T cell senescence. In addition, blocking tumor-derived PIR-B can reprogram tumor metabolism, prevent senescence development in tumor-specific T cells, and enhance antitumor immunity in both breast cancer and melanoma mouse models. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify a novel mechanism responsible for ILT4-mediated immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, and prove a novel concept of ILT4 as a critical checkpoint molecule for tumor immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunosenescence
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Paracrine Communication
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, affiliated to Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine and Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenli Lin
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, affiliated to Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine and Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, affiliated to Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine and Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, affiliated to Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine and Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, affiliated to Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine and Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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83
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Song L, Chang R, Sun X, Lu L, Gao H, Lu H, Lin R, Xu X, Liu Z, Zhan L. Macrophage-derived EDA-A2 inhibits intestinal stem cells by targeting miR-494/EDA2R/β-catenin signaling in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:213. [PMID: 33594251 PMCID: PMC7887198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosa microenvironment is critical for intestinal stem cell self-renewal and reconstruction of the epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between intestinal crypts and the microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we firstly identified miR-494-3p as an important protector in colitis. miR-494-3p levels were decreased and negatively correlated with the severity in human IBD samples, as well as in colitis mice. In colitis crypts, a notable cytokine-cytokine receptor, miR-494-3p-targeted EDA2R and the ligand EDA-A2, suppressed colonic stemness and epithelial repair by inhibiting β-catenin/c-Myc. In differentiated IECs, miR-494-3p inhibits macrophage recruitment, M1 activation and EDA-A2 secretion by targeting IKKβ/NF-κB in colitis. A miR-494-3p agomir system notably ameliorated the severity of colonic colitis in vivo. Collectively, our findings uncover a miR-494-3p-mediated cross-talk mechanism by which macrophage-induced intestinal stem cell impairment aggravates intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxu Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lixing Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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84
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Chen P, Mamillapalli R, Habata S, Taylor HS. Endometriosis Cell Proliferation Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:426-434. [PMID: 32812213 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder that affects 10% of reproductive-aged women and causes pelvic pain and infertility. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDCs) are known to engraft endometriosis in association with lesion growth; however, they do not undergo significant clonal expansion. The indirect effects of BMDCs on endometriosis growth and cell proliferation are not well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that BMDCs' co-culture increased endometrial stromal cell proliferation. In vitro studies using endometrial cells showed that BMDCs increased cell proliferation and activation of CDK1 in both an endometriosis cell line and primary endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis, however not in normal endometrial cells. In vivo studies using a mouse model of endometriosis showed increased CDK1+ expression associated with engrafted GFP + BMDCs. These results suggest that endometrial cell proliferation is induced by stem cell-derived trophic factors leading to the growth of endometriotic lesions. Targeting the specific signaling molecules secreted by BMDC may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for controlling cell proliferation in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Shutaro Habata
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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85
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Harrison CB, Trevelin SC, Richards DA, Santos CX, Sawyer G, Markovinovic A, Zhang X, Zhang M, Brewer AC, Yin X, Mayr M, Shah AM. Fibroblast Nox2 (NADPH Oxidase-2) Regulates ANG II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension via Paracrine Signaling to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:698-710. [PMID: 33054395 PMCID: PMC7837692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies demonstrated distinct roles for cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, and leukocyte cell Nox2 in ANG II (angiotensin II)-induced cardiovascular remodeling. However, the in vivo role of fibroblast Nox2 remains unclear. Approach and Results: We developed a novel mouse model with inducible fibroblast-specific deficiency of Nox2 (fibroblast-specific Nox2 knockout or Fibro-Nox2KO mice) and investigated the responses to chronic ANG II stimulation. Fibro-Nox2KO mice showed no differences in basal blood pressure or vessel wall morphology, but the hypertensive response to ANG II infusion (1.1 mg/[kg·day] for 14 days) was substantially reduced as compared to control Nox2-Flox littermates. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of aortic and resistance vessel remodeling. The conditioned medium of ANG II-stimulated primary fibroblasts induced a significant increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, which was inhibited by the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of fibroblast Nox2. Mass spectrometric analysis of the secretome of ANG II-treated primary fibroblasts identified GDF6 (growth differentiation factor 6) as a potential growth factor that may be involved in these effects. Recombinant GDF6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth while chronic ANG II infusion in vivo significantly increased aortic GDF6 protein levels in control mice but not Fibro-Nox2KO animals. Finally, silencing GDF6 in fibroblasts prevented the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by fibroblast-conditioned media in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fibroblast Nox2 plays a crucial role in the development of ANG II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, fibroblast Nox2 may regulate paracrine signaling to medial vascular smooth muscle cells via factors, such as GDF6.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Harrison
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Celio X.C. Santos
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, United Kingdom (A.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
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86
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Kucukoglu O, Sowa JP, Mazzolini GD, Syn WK, Canbay A. Hepatokines and adipokines in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:442-457. [PMID: 33161047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in industrialised societies; this is likely secondary to the increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative studies suggest that NAFLD-related HCC may also develop in non-cirrhotic livers. However, prognosis and survival do not differ between NAFLD- or virus-associated HCC. Thus, research has increasingly focused on NAFLD-related risk factors to better understand the biology of hepatocarcinogenesis and to develop new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. One important aspect thereof is the role of hepatokines and adipokines in NAFLD/NASH-related HCC. In this review, we compile current data supporting the use of hepatokines and adipokines as potential markers of disease progression in NAFLD or as early markers of NAFLD-related HCC. While much work must be done to elucidate the mechanisms and interactions underlying alterations to hepatokines and adipokines, current data support the possible utility of these factors - in particular, angiopoietin-like proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and apelin - for detection or even as therapeutic targets in NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Guillermo Daniel Mazzolini
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires 999071, Argentina; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Argentina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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87
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Abstract
Tissue parenchyma is the functional unit of an organ and all of the remaining cells within that organ collectively make up the tissue stroma. The stroma includes fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and nerves. Interactions between stromal and epithelial cells are essential for tissue development and healing after injury. These interactions are governed by growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and hormone signaling cascades. The steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family of proteins includes three transcriptional coactivators that facilitate the assembly of multi-protein complexes to induce gene expression in response to activation of many cellular transcription factor signaling cascades. They are ubiquitously expressed and are especially critical for the developmental function of steroid hormone responsive tissues. The SRCs are overexpressed in multiple cancers including breast, ovarian, prostate and endometrial cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of the SRCs in regulating the functions of stromal cell components responsible for angiogenesis, inflammation and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti D. Rohira
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bert W O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Corresponding author: Bert W. O’Malley, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, Tel: 713-798-6205, Fax: 713-798-1275,
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88
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Molenaar B, Timmer LT, Droog M, Perini I, Versteeg D, Kooijman L, Monshouwer-Kloots J, de Ruiter H, Gladka MM, van Rooij E. Single-cell transcriptomics following ischemic injury identifies a role for B2M in cardiac repair. Commun Biol 2021; 4:146. [PMID: 33514846 PMCID: PMC7846780 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of the repair process following ischemic cardiac injury is a crucial determinant for the progression into heart failure and is controlled by both intra- and intercellular signaling within the heart. An enhanced understanding of this complex interplay will enable better exploitation of these mechanisms for therapeutic use. We used single-cell transcriptomics to collect gene expression data of all main cardiac cell types at different time-points after ischemic injury. These data unveiled cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity and changes in cellular function during cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, we established potential intercellular communication networks after ischemic injury. Follow up experiments confirmed that cardiomyocytes express and secrete elevated levels of beta-2 microglobulin in response to ischemic damage, which can activate fibroblasts in a paracrine manner. Collectively, our data indicate phase-specific changes in cellular heterogeneity during different stages of cardiac remodeling and allow for the identification of therapeutic targets relevant for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louk T Timmer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Droog
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Perini
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hesther de Ruiter
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monika M Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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89
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Abstract
Stem cells can be used for regenerative medicine and as treatments for disease. The application of tissue engineering-related transplantation, stem cells, and local changes in the microenvironment is expected to solve major medical problems. Currently, most studies focus on tissue repair and regeneration, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most common research topics. MSCs are applicable as seed cells, and they represent one of the current hot topics in regenerative medicine research. However, due to storage limitations and because cell senescence occurs during in vitro expansion, their clinical application is challenging. Exosomes, which are secreted by MSCs through paracrine signalling, not only have the same effects as MSCs, but they also have the advantages of targeted delivery, low immunogenicity, and high repairability. This article reviews the acquisition methods, characteristics, biological functions, and clinical applications of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
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90
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Miceli V, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Zito G, Gallo A, Conaldi PG. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: The Need of Cell Priming for Cell-Free Therapies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020763. [PMID: 33466583 PMCID: PMC7828743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust therapeutic properties that can be applied in the treatment of different diseases, variables in preclinical and clinical trials lead to inconsistent outcomes. MSC therapeutic effects result from the secretion of bioactive molecules affected by either local microenvironment or MSC culture conditions. Hence, MSC paracrine action is currently being explored in several clinical settings either using a conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs), where these products modulate tissue responses in different types of injuries. In this scenario, MSC paracrine mechanisms provide a promising framework for enhancing MSC therapeutic benefits, where the composition of secretome can be modulated by priming of the MSCs. In this review, we examine the literature on the priming of MSCs as a tool to enhance their therapeutic properties applicable to the main processes involved in tissue regeneration, including the reduction of fibrosis, the immunomodulation, the stimulation of angiogenesis, and the stimulation of resident progenitor cells, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs-derived products.
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91
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Li J, Salvador AM, Li G, Valkov N, Ziegler O, Yeri A, Xiao CY, Meechoovet B, Alsop E, Rodosthenous RS, Kundu P, Huan T, Levy D, Tigges J, Pico AR, Ghiran I, Silverman MG, Meng X, Kitchen R, Xu J, Keuren-Jensen KV, Shah R, Xiao J, Das S. Mir-30d Regulates Cardiac Remodeling by Intracellular and Paracrine Signaling. Circ Res 2021; 128:e1-e23. [PMID: 33092465 PMCID: PMC7790887 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous translational studies implicate plasma extracellular microRNA-30d (miR-30d) as a biomarker in left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome in heart failure (HF) patients, although precise mechanisms remain obscure. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of miR-30d-mediated cardioprotection in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS In rat and mouse models of ischemic HF, we show that miR-30d gain of function (genetic, lentivirus, or agomiR-mediated) improves cardiac function, decreases myocardial fibrosis, and attenuates cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis. Genetic or locked nucleic acid-based knock-down of miR-30d expression potentiates pathological left ventricular remodeling, with increased dysfunction, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte death. RNA sequencing of in vitro miR-30d gain and loss of function, together with bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, were used to identify and validate direct targets of miR-30d. miR-30d expression is selectively enriched in cardiomyocytes, induced by hypoxic stress and is acutely protective, targeting MAP4K4 (mitogen-associate protein kinase 4) to ameliorate apoptosis. Moreover, miR-30d is secreted primarily in extracellular vesicles by cardiomyocytes and inhibits fibroblast proliferation and activation by directly targeting integrin α5 in the acute phase via paracrine signaling to cardiac fibroblasts. In the chronic phase of ischemic remodeling, lower expression of miR-30d in the heart and plasma extracellular vesicles is associated with adverse remodeling in rodent models and human subjects and is linked to whole-blood expression of genes implicated in fibrosis and inflammation, consistent with observations in model systems. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the mechanistic underpinning for the cardioprotective association of miR-30d in human HF. More broadly, our findings support an emerging paradigm involving intercellular communication of extracellular vesicle-contained miRNAs (microRNAs) to transregulate distinct signaling pathways across cell types. Functionally validated RNA biomarkers and their signaling networks may warrant further investigation as novel therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ane M. Salvador
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nedyalka Valkov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olivia Ziegler
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chun Yang Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Eric Alsop
- Neurogenomics Division, TGen, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Rodosthenis S. Rodosthenous
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Piyusha Kundu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The Framingham Heart Study and The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart Study and The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Tigges
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ionita Ghiran
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael G. Silverman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Robert Kitchen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | | | - Ravi Shah
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
Ex vivo neuroretina cultures closely resemble in vivo conditions, retaining the complex neuroretina cells dynamics, connections, and functionality, under controlled conditions. Therefore, these models have allowed advancing in the knowledge of retinal physiology and pathobiology over the years. Furthermore, the ex vivo neuroretina models represent an adequate tool for evaluating stem cell therapies over neuroretinal degeneration processes.Here, we describe a physically separated co-culture of neuroretina explants with stem cells to evaluate the effect of stem cells paracrine properties on spontaneous neuroretinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Oftared, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martin
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, Valladolid, Spain
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93
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Takahara S, Ferdaoussi M, Srnic N, Maayah ZH, Soni S, Migglautsch AK, Breinbauer R, Kershaw EE, Dyck JRB. Inhibition of ATGL in adipose tissue ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling by reducing adipose tissue inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H432-H446. [PMID: 33185110 PMCID: PMC7847076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following cardiac injury, increased adrenergic drive plays an important role in compensating for reduced cardiac function. However, chronic excess adrenergic stimulation can be detrimental to cardiac pathophysiology and can also affect other organs including adipose tissue, leading to increased lipolysis. Interestingly, inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis, in adipocytes ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in a heart failure model. Thus, we investigated whether inhibition of adipocyte ATGL can mitigate the adverse cardiac effects of chronic adrenergic stimulation and explored the underlying mechanisms. To do this, isoproterenol (ISO) was continuously administered to C57Bl/6N mice for 2 wk with or without an ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin). We found that Atglistatin alleviated ISO-induced cardiac remodeling and reduced ISO-induced upregulation of galectin-3, a marker of activated macrophages and a potent inducer of fibrosis, in white adipose tissue (WAT), heart, and the circulation. To test whether the beneficial effects of Atglistatin occur via inhibition of adipocyte ATGL, adipocyte-specific ATGL knockout (atATGL-KO) mice were utilized for similar experiments. Subsequently, the same cardioprotective effects of atATGL-KO following ISO administration were observed. Furthermore, Atglistatin and atATGL-KO abolished ISO-induced galectin-3 secretion from excised WAT. We further demonstrated that activation of cardiac fibroblasts by the conditioned media of ISO-stimulated WAT is galectin-3-dependent. In conclusion, the inhibition of adipocyte ATGL ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac remodeling possibly by reducing galectin-3 secretion from adipose tissue. Thus, inhibition of adipocyte ATGL might be a potential target to prevent some of the adverse effects of chronic excess adrenergic drive.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The reduction of lipolysis by adipocyte ATGL inhibition ameliorates cardiac remodeling induced by chronic β-adrenergic stimulation likely via reducing galectin-3 secretion from adipose tissue. Our findings highlight that suppressing lipolysis in adipocytes may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with heart failure whose sympathetic nervous system is activated. Furthermore, galectin-3 might be involved in the mechanisms by which excessive lipolysis in adipose tissues influences remote cardiac pathologies and thus warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takahara
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikola Srnic
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zaid H Maayah
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shubham Soni
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna K Migglautsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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94
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Gendron N, Rosa M, Blandinieres A, Sottejeau Y, Rossi E, Van Belle E, Idelcadi S, Lecourt S, Vincentelli A, Cras A, Jashari R, Chocron R, Baudouin Y, Pamart T, Bièche I, Nevo N, Cholley B, Rancic J, Staels B, Gaussem P, Dupont A, Carpentier A, Susen S, Smadja DM. Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Display Proangiogenic Properties During Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:415-429. [PMID: 33147990 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's aim was to analyze the capacity of human valve interstitial cells (VICs) to participate in aortic valve angiogenesis. Approach and Results: VICs were isolated from human aortic valves obtained after surgery for calcific aortic valve disease and from normal aortic valves unsuitable for grafting (control VICs). We examined VIC in vitro and in vivo potential to differentiate in endothelial and perivascular lineages. VIC paracrine effect was also examined on human endothelial colony-forming cells. A pathological VIC (VICp) mesenchymal-like phenotype was confirmed by CD90+/CD73+/CD44+ expression and multipotent-like differentiation ability. When VICp were cocultured with endothelial colony-forming cells, they formed microvessels by differentiating into perivascular cells both in vivo and in vitro. VICp and control VIC conditioned media were compared using serial ELISA regarding quantification of endothelial and angiogenic factors. Higher expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A was observed at the protein level in VICp-conditioned media and confirmed at the mRNA level in VICp compared with control VIC. Conditioned media from VICp induced in vitro a significant increase in endothelial colony-forming cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting compared with conditioned media from control VIC. These effects were inhibited by blocking VEGF-A with blocking antibody or siRNA approach, confirming VICp involvement in angiogenesis by a VEGF-A dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We provide here the first proof of an angiogenic potential of human VICs isolated from patients with calcific aortic valve disease. These results point to a novel function of VICp in valve vascularization during calcific aortic valve disease, with a perivascular differentiation ability and a VEGF-A paracrine effect. Targeting perivascular differentiation and VEGF-A to slow calcific aortic valve disease progression warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gendron
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Mickael Rosa
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Adeline Blandinieres
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Yoann Sottejeau
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Eric Van Belle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Salim Idelcadi
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (S.I., B.C.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - André Vincentelli
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Audrey Cras
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Cell therapy Department, AH-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France (A. Cras)
| | - Ramadan Jashari
- European Homograft Bank, Clinic Saint Jean, Brussels, Belgium (R.J.)
| | - Richard Chocron
- Emergency Medicine Department (R.C.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, France (R.C.)
| | - Yaël Baudouin
- Hematology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (Y.B.)
| | - Thibault Pamart
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France (I.B.)
| | - Nathalie Nevo
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Bernard Cholley
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (S.I., B.C.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Jeanne Rancic
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Annabelle Dupont
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - Alain Carpentier
- Université de Paris, Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (A. Carpentier), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, France (M.R., Y.S., E.V.B., A.V., T.P., B.S., A.D., S.S.)
| | - David M Smadja
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, France (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.I., S.L., A. Cras, N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.)
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation) (N.G., A.B., E.R., S.L., N.N., J.R., P.G., D.M.S.), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, France
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95
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Silva JD, Krasnodembskaya AD. Investigation of the MSC Paracrine Effects on Alveolar-Capillary Barrier Integrity in the In Vitro Models of ARDS. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2269:63-81. [PMID: 33687672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1225-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical disorder with high mortality rates and no specific pharmacological treatment available yet. It is characterized by excessive inflammation in the alveolar compartment resulting in edema of the airspaces due to loss of integrity in the alveolar epithelial-endothelial barrier leading to the development of hypoxemia and often severe respiratory failure. Changes in the permeability of the alveolar epithelial-endothelial barrier contribute to excessive inflammation, the formation of lung edema and impairment of the alveolar fluid clearance. In recent years, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have attracted attention as a cell therapy for ARDS. MSCs are known to secrete a variety of biologically active factors (growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles). These paracrine factors have been shown to be major effectors of the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties observed in multiple in vitro and in vivo studies. This chapter provides a simple protocol on how to investigate the paracrine effect of MSCs on the alveolar epithelial-endothelial barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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96
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An X, Ogawa-Wong A, Carmody C, Ambrosio R, Cicatiello AG, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Handy DE, Larsen PR, Wajner SM, Dentice M, Zavacki AM. A Type 2 Deiodinase-Dependent Increase in Vegfa Mediates Myoblast-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Thyroid 2021; 31:115-127. [PMID: 32787533 PMCID: PMC7840309 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), modulating intracellular T3. An increase in DIO2 within muscle stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration leads to T3-dependent potentiation of differentiation. The muscle stem cell niche comprises numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process. For example, muscle stem cells provide secretory signals stimulating endothelial cell-mediated vascular repair, and, in turn, endothelial cells promote muscle stem differentiation. We hypothesized that Dio2 loss in muscle stem cells directly impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell communication, leading to downstream disruption of endothelial cell function. Methods: We assessed the production of proangiogenic factors in differentiated C2C12 cells and in a C2C12 cell line without Dio2 (D2KO C2C12) by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditioned medium (CM) was collected daily in parallel to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and chemotaxis, and vascular network formation. The effects of T3-treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells and mouse muscle were assessed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to the Vegfa gene. Using mice with a targeted disruption of Dio2 (D2KO mice), we determined endothelial cell number by immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry and evaluated related gene expression in both uninjured and injured skeletal muscle. Results: In differentiated D2KO C2C12 cells, Vegfa expression was 46% of wildtype (WT) C2C12 cells, while secreted VEGF was 45%. D2KO C2C12 CM exhibited significantly less proangiogenic effects on HUVECs. In vitro and in vivo T3 treatment of C2C12 cells and WT mice, and ChIP using antibodies against TRα, indicated that Vegfa is a direct genomic T3 target. In uninjured D2KO soleus muscle, Vegfa expression was decreased by 28% compared with WT mice, while endothelial cell numbers were decreased by 48%. Seven days after skeletal muscle injury, D2KO mice had 36% fewer endothelial cells, coinciding with an 83% decrease in Vegfa expression in fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified muscle stem cells. Conclusion:Dio2 loss in the muscle stem cell impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk via changes in the T3-responsive gene Vegfa, leading to downstream impairment of endothelial cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing An
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley Ogawa-Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Carmody
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P. Reed Larsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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97
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Abstract
The control of oocyte growth and its final maturation is multifactorial and involves a number of hypothalamic, hypophyseal, and peripheral hormones. In this study, we investigated the direct actions of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), which are expressed in the ovarian follicles, on final oocyte maturation in zebrafish, in vitro. Our study demonstrates the expression of GnRH and GnIH in the ovarian follicles of zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different stages of development and provides information on the direct action of these hormones on final oocyte maturation. Treatment with both GnRH and GnIH peptides stimulated the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of the late-vitellogenic oocyte. Both the GnRH and GnIH treatments showed no significant change in the caspase-3 activity of pre-vitellogenic and mid-vitellogenic oocytes, while they displayed different responses in the late-vitellogenic follicles. The GnRH treatment increased caspase-3 activity, whereas the GnIH reduced caspase-3 activity in the late-vitellogenic follicles. We also investigated the effects of GnRH and GnIH on the hCG-induced resumption of meiosis and caspase activity in vitro. GnRH and GnIH were found to have a similar effect on the hCG-induced resumption of meiosis, while they showed the opposite effect on caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of concomitant treatment of GnRH and GnIH peptides with hCG. The results demonstrated that the presence of both GnRH3 and GnIH are necessary for the normal induction of final oocyte maturation by gonadotropins. The findings support the hypothesis that GnIH and GnRH peptides produced in the ovary are part of a complex multifactorial regulatory system that controls zebrafish final oocyte maturation in paracrine/autocrine manner working in concert with gonadotropin hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh P Fallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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98
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Although most thyroid cancer patients are successfully treated and have an excellent prognosis, a percentage of these patients will develop aggressive disease and, eventually, progress to anaplastic thyroid cancer. Since most patients with this type of aggressive thyroid carcinoma will die from the disease, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Tumor cells live in a complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment composed of different types of stromal cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most important cell components in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors, including thyroid cancer. CAFs originate mainly from mesenchymal cells and resident fibroblasts that are activated and reprogrammed in response to paracrine factors and cytokines produced and released by tumor cells. Upon reprogramming, which is distinguished by the expression of different marker proteins, CAFs synthesize and secret soluble factors. The secretome of CAFs directly impacts different functions of tumor cells. This bi-directional interplay between CAFs and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment ends up fostering tumor cancer progression. CAFs are therefore key regulators of tumor progression and represent an under-explored therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fozzatti
- Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology (CIBICI)-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), School of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Corresponding authors: Laura Fozzatti, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology (CIBICI)-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA, Cordoba, Argentina, Tel: +54-351-535-3851, Fax: +54-351-433-3048, E-mail:
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Sheue-yann Cheng, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 5128, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA, Tel: +1-240-760-7828, Fax: +1-240-541-4498, E-mail:
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99
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Maixner N, Pecht T, Haim Y, Chalifa-Caspi V, Goldstein N, Tarnovscki T, Liberty IF, Kirshtein B, Golan R, Berner O, Monsonego A, Bashan N, Blüher M, Rudich A. A TRAIL-TL1A Paracrine Network Involving Adipocytes, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes Induces Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Downstream of E2F1 in Human Obesity. Diabetes 2020; 69:2310-2323. [PMID: 32732304 PMCID: PMC7576574 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of E2F1 in adipocyte fraction of human visceral adipose tissue (hVAT) associates with a poor cardiometabolic profile. We hypothesized that beyond directly activating autophagy and MAP3K5 (ASK)-MAP kinase signaling, E2F1 governs a distinct transcriptome that contributes to adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We performed RNA sequencing of hVAT samples from age-, sex-, and BMI-matched patients, all obese, whose visceral E2F1 protein expression was either high (E2F1high) or low (E2F1low). Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members, including TRAIL (TNFSF10), TL1A (TNFSF15), and their receptors, were enriched in E2F1high While TRAIL was equally expressed in adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), TL1A was mainly expressed in SVF, and TRAIL-induced TL1A was attributed to CD4+ and CD8+ subclasses of hVAT T cells. In human adipocytes, TL1A enhanced basal and impaired insulin-inhibitable lipolysis and altered adipokine secretion, and in human macrophages it induced foam cell biogenesis and M1 polarization. Two independent human cohorts confirmed associations between TL1A and TRAIL expression in hVAT and higher leptin and IL6 serum concentrations, diabetes status, and hVAT-macrophage lipid content. Jointly, we propose an intra-adipose tissue E2F1-associated TNFSF paracrine loop engaging lymphocytes, macrophages, and adipocytes, ultimately contributing to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tania Tarnovscki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Idit F Liberty
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka Academic Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris Kirshtein
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka Academic Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Berner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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100
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Zhang Z, Zhu B, Chen W, Ge W. Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh/amh) plays dual roles in maintaining gonadal homeostasis and gametogenesis in zebrafish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 517:110963. [PMID: 32745576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH/Amh) plays a role in gonadal differentiation and function across vertebrates. In zebrafish we demonstrated that Amh deficiency caused severe gonadal dysgenesis and dysfunction. The mutant gonads showed extreme hypertrophy with accumulation of early germ cells in both sexes, namely spermatogonia in the testis and primary growth oocytes in the ovary. In amh mutant females, the folliculogenesis was normal in young fish but receded progressively in adults, which was accompanied by progressive decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (fshb) expression. Interestingly the expression of fshb increased in the pituitary of juvenile amh mutant males but decreased in adults. The upregulation of fshb in mutant male juveniles was likely one of the mechanisms for triggering gonadal hypergrowth, whereas the downregulation of fshb in adults might involve a negative feedback by gonadal inhibin. Further analysis using mutants of fshb and growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) provided evidence for a role of FSH in triggering ovarian hypertrophy in young female amh mutant as well. In summary, the present study provided comprehensive genetic evidence for dual roles of Amh in controlling zebrafish gonadal homeostasis and gametogenesis in both sexes. Amh suppresses proliferation or accumulation of early germ cells (spermatogonia in testis and primary growth oocytes in ovary) while promoting their exit to advanced stages, and its action may involve both endocrine and paracrine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Bo Zhu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Weiting Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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