101
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Iida T, Yokoyama Y, Wagatsuma K, Hirayama D, Nakase H. Impact of Autophagy of Innate Immune Cells on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010007. [PMID: 30583538 PMCID: PMC6356773 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, has many immunological functions and is a constitutive process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and organ structure. One of the functions of autophagy is to control the innate immune response. Many studies conducted in recent years have revealed the contribution of autophagy to the innate immune response, and relationships between this process and various diseases have been reported. Inflammatory bowel disease is an intractable disorder with unknown etiology; however, immunological abnormalities in the intestines are known to be involved in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease, as is dysfunction of autophagy. In Crohn's disease, many associations with autophagy-related genes, such as ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2, and others, have been reported. Abnormalities in the ATG16L1 gene, in particular, have been reported to cause autophagic dysfunction, resulting in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages as well as abnormal function of Paneth cells, which are important in intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the autophagy mechanism in innate immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kohei Wagatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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Horn MP, Peter AM, Righini Grunder F, Leichtle AB, Spalinger J, Schibli S, Sokollik C. PR3-ANCA and panel diagnostics in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease to distinguish ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208974. [PMID: 30557305 PMCID: PMC6296712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate classification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease into the subtypes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is still a challenge, but important for therapy and prognosis. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic utility of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies specific for proteinase-3 (PR3-ANCA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and the value of an antibody panel incorporating PR3-ANCA to differentiate between Crohn’s disease (CD) and UC. Study design In this cohort study, 122 pediatric and adolescent individuals were retrospectively included (61 IBD patients of two clinical centers, 61 non-IBD controls). All subjects had a comprehensive antibody profile done from stored sera taken close to time of diagnosis. By employing quasi-exhaustive logistic regression the best discriminative model for UC and CD,subjects was determined in a training cohort and confirmed in a validation cohort. Results PR3-ANCA was specifically associated with UC (odds ratio (OR), 17.6; 95% confidence interval (CI); 3.6, 87); P < .001). A four antibody-panel including PR3-ANCA had an AUC of 90.81% (95%CI; 81.93, 99.69) to distinguish between UC and CD in the training cohort. In a smaller external validation cohort, the AUC was 84.13% (95%CI; 64.21, 100) for accurate diagnosis of CD and UC. Conclusion PR3-ANCA is highly specific for UC. The differentiating capability of a panel, which contains PR3-ANCA and weighs broadly available antibodies, is superior and utilization of the panel can support accurate classification in the work-up of pediatric and adolescent patients with IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Horn
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Peter
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children‘s Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Righini Grunder
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander B. Leichtle
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- IDSC–Insel Data Science Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Spalinger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Schibli
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children‘s Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children‘s Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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103
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Nanini HF, Bernardazzi C, Castro F, de Souza HSP. Damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory bowel disease: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4622-4634. [PMID: 30416310 PMCID: PMC6224468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i41.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of non-immune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct pro-inflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD. The effects determine pathologic changes, which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes. In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers, research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayandra Ferreira Nanini
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Claudio Bernardazzi
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Fernando Castro
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia e Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
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104
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Aherne CM, Collins CB, Rapp CR, Olli KE, Perrenoud L, Jedlicka P, Bowser JL, Mills TW, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blackburn MR, Eltzschig HK. Coordination of ENT2-dependent adenosine transport and signaling dampens mucosal inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121521. [PMID: 30333323 PMCID: PMC6237472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier repair is vital for remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Extracellular adenosine signaling has been implicated in promoting restoration of epithelial barrier function. Currently, no clinically approved agents target this pathway. Adenosine signaling is terminated by uptake from the extracellular space via equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). We hypothesized that ENT inhibition could dampen intestinal inflammation. Initial studies demonstrated transcriptional repression of ENT1 and ENT2 in IBD biopsies or in murine IBD models. Subsequent studies in mice with global Ent1 or Ent2 deletion revealed selective protection of Ent2-/- mice. Elevated intestinal adenosine levels in conjunction with abolished protection following pharmacologic blockade of A2B adenosine receptors implicate adenosine signaling as the mechanism of gut protection in Ent2-/- mice. Additional studies in mice with tissue-specific deletion of Ent2 uncovered epithelial Ent2 as the target. Moreover, intestinal protection provided by a selective Ent2 inhibitor was abolished in mice with epithelium-specific deletion of Ent2 or the A2B adenosine receptor. Taken together, these findings indicate that increased mucosal A2B signaling following repression or deletion of epithelial Ent2 coordinates the resolution of intestinal inflammation. This study suggests the presence of a targetable purinergic network within the intestinal epithelium designed to limit tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M. Aherne
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Colm B. Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caroline R. Rapp
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristine E. Olli
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Loni Perrenoud
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
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105
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Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct subtype of pancreatitis, which is classified into type 1 and 2 based on the clinicopathological features. According to the international consensus diagnostic criteria, pancreas resection or core biopsy specimens are recommended to make an accurate histological evaluation. However, the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for histological evaluation has also been reported. Furthermore, the simultaneous presentation of type 2 AIP and Crohn's disease (CD) is very rare, especially in the Asian population. Therefore, we herein report a case of type 2 AIP with CD, which was diagnosed using EUS guided FNA with a 22-gauge needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - Won Ki Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
| | - June Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Korea
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106
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Aggeletopoulou I, Assimakopoulos SF, Konstantakis C, Triantos C. Interleukin 12/interleukin 23 pathway: Biological basis and therapeutic effect in patients with Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4093-4103. [PMID: 30271076 PMCID: PMC6158482 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD), novel therapeutic options have significantly been developed. Biological agents represent an important addition to the conventional treatments for immuno-inflammatory conditions, acting as antagonists of adhesion molecules or various inflammatory cytokines. The interleukin 12 (IL-12)/IL-23 common pathway has been found to play a determinant role in the induction of inflammation in adaptive immune responses. In particular, IL-23 promotes the differentiation of naïve T helper cells into Th17 phenotype with the concomitant secretion of several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22, whereas IL-12 induces the Th1 polarization and production of critical cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor. Nowadays, there is increased interest regarding the role of IL-23 as a therapeutic target of CD through the blockage of IL-23 mediated pathways. In this editorial, we focus on the role of IL-12/IL-23 pathway in the regulation of mucosal immunity and in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammation. In parallel, we critically discuss the available data regarding the therapeutic effect of the IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors and especially of ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody which has been recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the management of moderate-to-severe CD and its potential to be used as first-line therapy in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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107
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Sieczkowska-Golub J, Jarzebicka D, Oracz G, Kierkus J. Biosimilars in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4021-4027. [PMID: 30254406 PMCID: PMC6148430 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of biological treatments has changed disease outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Biologicals have high efficacy, and can induce and maintain remission after failed responses to conventional immunosuppressive and/or steroid therapy. The increasing occurrence of severe disease at diagnosis has resulted in infliximab being more often introduced as the first-line treatment in a “top-down” approach. Besides their favourable efficacy and safety profile, biologicals have one significant disadvantage, which is their high cost. This results in many patients stopping therapy prematurely, with the maintenance phase being too short. This often leads to disease exacerbation shortly after treatment cessation. Every newly started course of biological therapy can induce production of anti-drug antibodies, which can result in treatment failure and possible allergic/anaphylactic reactions. The introduction of biological biosimilars was intended to greatly reduce therapy costs thus increasing the availability of these agents to more patients. It was also anticipated that biosimilars would prevent premature termination of therapy. Analyses of paediatric data suggest that biosimilar infliximabs are equally effective as the reference infliximab. Safety patterns also seem to be similar. Paediatric experience places cost-therapy reductions at around 10%-30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sieczkowska-Golub
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Dorota Jarzebicka
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Oracz
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Paediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
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108
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Sebastián VP, Salazar GA, Coronado-Arrázola I, Schultz BM, Vallejos OP, Berkowitz L, Álvarez-Lobos MM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Modulator of Intestinal Inflammation Development and Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1956. [PMID: 30258436 PMCID: PMC6143658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that degrades the heme group contained in several important proteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome p450. The enzymatic reaction catalyzed by HMOX1 generates Fe2+, biliverdin and CO. It has been shown that HMOX1 activity and the by-product CO can downmodulate the damaging immune response in several models of intestinal inflammation as a result of pharmacological induction of HMOX1 expression and the administration of non-toxic amounts of CO. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are one of the most studied ailments associated to HMOX1 effects. However, microbiota imbalances and infections are also important factors influencing the occurrence of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, where HMOX1 activity may play a major role. As part of this article we discuss the immune modulatory capacity of HMOX1 during IBD, as well during the infections and interactions with the microbiota that contribute to this inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina P. Sebastián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldyne A. Salazar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irenice Coronado-Arrázola
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loni Berkowitz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel M. Álvarez-Lobos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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109
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role not only in the initiation of primary immune responses, but also in the development and maintenance of immune tolerance. Numerous protocols have been developed to generate tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) ex vivo, and the therapeutic efficacy of ex vivo-generated tolDCs has been demonstrated in autoimmune disease animal models. Based on successes in small animal models, several clinical trials have been completed or are on-going in patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease. Here we describe the methods used to generate tolDCs ex vivo, and the common features shared by tolDCs. In addition, we overview five completed clinical trials with reported outcomes and summarize the tolDC-based clinical trials that are currently registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Although the number of tolDC-based clinical trials is much smaller than the hundreds of clinical trials using immunogenic DCs, tolDC-based treatment of autoimmune diseases is becoming a reality, and could serve as an innovative cellular therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho Hyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
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110
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Richard AC, Peters JE, Savinykh N, Lee JC, Hawley ET, Meylan F, Siegel RM, Lyons PA, Smith KGC. Reduced monocyte and macrophage TNFSF15/TL1A expression is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007458. [PMID: 30199539 PMCID: PMC6130856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a breakdown of intestinal immune homeostasis and compromise of the intestinal barrier. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 genetic loci associated with risk for IBD, but the functional mechanisms of most of these genetic variants remain unknown. Polymorphisms at the TNFSF15 locus, which encodes the TNF superfamily cytokine commonly known as TL1A, are associated with susceptibility to IBD in multiple ethnic groups. In a wide variety of murine models of inflammation including models of IBD, TNFSF15 promotes immunopathology by signaling through its receptor DR3. Such evidence has led to the hypothesis that expression of this lymphocyte costimulatory cytokine increases risk for IBD. In contrast, here we show that the IBD-risk haplotype at TNFSF15 is associated with decreased expression of the gene by peripheral blood monocytes in both healthy volunteers and IBD patients. This association persists under various stimulation conditions at both the RNA and protein levels and is maintained after macrophage differentiation. Utilizing a "recall-by-genotype" bioresource for allele-specific expression measurements in a functional fine-mapping assay, we localize the polymorphism controlling TNFSF15 expression to the regulatory region upstream of the gene. Through a T cell costimulation assay, we demonstrate that genetically regulated TNFSF15 has functional relevance. These findings indicate that genetically enhanced expression of TNFSF15 in specific cell types may confer protection against the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne C. Richard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Savinykh
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric T. Hawley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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111
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Reinglas J, Gonczi L, Kurt Z, Bessissow T, Lakatos PL. Positioning of old and new biologicals and small molecules in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3567-3582. [PMID: 30166855 PMCID: PMC6113721 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i32.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has brought substantial advances in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, evidence for the value of combination therapy, the recognition of targeting lymphocyte trafficking and activation as a viable treatment, and the need for early treatment of high-risk patients are all fundamental concepts for current modern IBD treatment algorithms. In this article, authors review the existing data on approved biologicals and small molecules as well as provide insight on the current positioning of approved therapies. Patient stratification for the selection of specific therapies, therapeutic targets and patient monitoring will be discussed as well. The therapeutic armamentarium for IBD is expanding as novel and more targeted therapies become available. In the absence of comparative trials, positioning these agents is becoming difficult. Emerging concepts for the future will include an emphasis on the development of algorithms which will facilitate a greater understanding of the positioning of novel biological drugs and small molecules in order to best tailor therapy to the patient. In the interim, anti-TNF therapy remains an important component of IBD therapy with the most real-life evidence and should be considered as first-line therapy in patients with complicated Crohn’s disease and in acute-severe ulcerative colitis. The safety and efficacy of these ‘older’ anti-TNF therapies can be optimized by adhering to therapeutic algorithms which combine clinical and objective markers of disease severity and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Reinglas
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lorant Gonczi
- First Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083, Budapest, Koranyi S. 2A, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kurt
- First Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083, Budapest, Koranyi S. 2A, Hungary
| | - Talat Bessissow
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Department of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
- First Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083, Budapest, Koranyi S. 2A, Hungary
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of serological markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China, and determine the diagnostic utility of serological markers, individually and in combination, for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD).Serum samples were obtained from 160 participants in Eastern China. Among the participants, 98 were diagnosed with CD, 33 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 29 were healthy controls (HC). The serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against outer membrane porin C (anti-OmpC), Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial sequence I2 (anti-I2), anti-laminarin (anti-L), anti-chitin (anti-C), anti-chitobioside carbohydrate antibody (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside carbohydrate antibody (ALCA), anti-mannobioside carbohydrate antibody (AMCA), and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Individually, anti-C, anti-L, ASCA-IgG, and ALCA lacked diagnostic value in the differentiation of CD. ASCA-IgA remained the most accurate marker for the diagnosis of CD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77; however, its sensitivity and specificity were both lower than 75%. Among the combinations of the 5 markers with significant diagnosing ability for CD, combinations with any 2 of the 3 markers, ASCA IgA, AMCA, and ACCA positive, provided the best accuracy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD (sensitivity and specificity both above 75%) and had the highest Youden index.Serological antibodies, when considered in combination, have remarkable value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD. Especially, the combination of any 2 of the 3 markers, ASCA-IgA, AMCA, ACCA positive, appears to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Conghua Ji
- Statistics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology
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113
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Abstract
We generated "sentinel" bacteria that respond to the biomarker nitric oxide (NO) and produce a homogeneous and strong fluorescent response. Our dual-plasmid system consists of a signal "relay" vector that employs an NO-responsive promoter that amplifies the native signal (via expression of T7 Polymerase (T7Pol)) to a second vector responsible for GFP expression. Importantly, to achieve an optimal "sentinel" response, we developed strategies that balance the transcriptional load within cells by altering (i) translation and (ii) activity of the T7Pol. Our optimized genetic circuitry was then used to transform commensal E. coli Nissle, as a proof-of-concept toward an ingestible cell-based sensor for Crohn's disease (CD) that, in turn, is marked by elevated levels of intestinal NO. Thus, the "biosensors" demonstrated here may serve as a simple diagnostic tool, contrasting the standard of care including colonoscopies or biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McKay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David Quan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - William E. Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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114
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Cao BL, Qasem A, Sharp RC, Abdelli LS, Naser SA. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of tuberculosis in Crohn’s disease patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (Anti-TNFα). World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2764-2775. [PMID: 29991880 PMCID: PMC6034143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform a meta-analysis on the risk of developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors.
METHODS A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of TNFα inhibitors for treatment of CD in adults was conducted. Arcsine transformation of TB incidence was performed to estimate risk difference. A novel epidemiologically-based correction (EBC) enabling inclusions of studies reporting no TB infection cases in placebo and treatment groups was developed to estimate relative odds.
RESULTS Twenty-three clinical trial studies were identified, including 5669 patients. Six TB infection cases were reported across 5 studies, all from patients receiving TNFα inhibitors. Eighteen studies reported no TB infection cases in placebo and TNFα inhibitor treatment arms. TB infection risk was significantly increased among patients receiving TNFα inhibitors, with a risk difference of 0.028 (95%CI: 0.0011-0.055). The odds ratio was 4.85 (95%CI: 1.02-22.99) with EBC and 5.85 (95%CI: 1.13-30.38) without EBC.
CONCLUSION The risk of TB infection is higher among CD patients receiving TNFα inhibitors. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of CD is crucial, since using TNFα inhibitors in these patients could favor mycobacterial infections, particularly Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, which ultimately could worsen their clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Cao
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Ahmad Qasem
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Robert C Sharp
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Latifa S Abdelli
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
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115
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between the functional PTPN22 G788A (R263Q) polymorphism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:46-51. [PMID: 29729713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explored whether the functional protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) G788A (R263Q) polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. A meta-analysis was conducted using 23 comparative studies with a total of 16,719 patients and 17,783 controls. The meta-analysis showed an association between the A allele of the PTPN22 G788A polymorphism and decreased risk of autoimmune diseases in all subjects (p < 0.001). Analysis after stratification by ethnicity indicated that the PTPN22 788A allele was significantly associated with autoimmune diseases in Europeans (p < 0.001) but not in Latin Americans. Meta-analysis by autoimmune disease type showed a significant negative association between the PTPN22 788A allele and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) (p = 001), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (p = 0.008), ulcerative colitis (UC) (p = 0.016), but not Crohn's disease (CD). A single study for each showed no association between the PTPN22 788A allele and systemic sclerosis, giant cell arteritis, Henoch-schonlein purpura, uveitis, and Grave's disease. This meta-analysis demonstrates that the PTPN22 G788A polymorphism confers protection against SLE, RA, and UC, supporting evidence of association of the PTPN22 gene with a subgroup of autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/ethnology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Colitis, Ulcerative/ethnology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Crohn Disease/ethnology
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Disease Resistance/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genotype
- Giant Cell Arteritis/ethnology
- Giant Cell Arteritis/genetics
- Giant Cell Arteritis/immunology
- Giant Cell Arteritis/pathology
- Graves Disease/ethnology
- Graves Disease/genetics
- Graves Disease/immunology
- Graves Disease/pathology
- Hispanic or Latino
- Humans
- IgA Vasculitis/ethnology
- IgA Vasculitis/genetics
- IgA Vasculitis/immunology
- IgA Vasculitis/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ethnology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Scleroderma, Systemic/ethnology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics
- Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- Uveitis/ethnology
- Uveitis/genetics
- Uveitis/immunology
- Uveitis/pathology
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dige A, Magnusson MK, Uhrenholt C, Rasmussen TK, Kragstrup T, Öhman L, Dahlerup J, Agnholt J. Effects of Anti-TNF α Treatment on Mucosal Expression of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 and Cytokine-Producing T Cell Subsets in Crohn's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3279607. [PMID: 29853788 PMCID: PMC5944277 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3279607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce interleukin (IL) 17-A. In addition, Th17 cells produce IL-21 and IL-22. Th17 cells have a disease-promoting role in Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the effects of anti-TNFα treatment on mucosal gene expression (qPCR) of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 as well as on the frequency of lamina propria (LP) T cell subsets producing these cytokines (flow cytometry) in 12 active CD patients before and after 4 weeks of anti-TNFα treatment with adalimumab. At baseline, in inflamed mucosa we found increased gene expression of IL-17A and IL-22 but not IL-21 when compared to noninflamed mucosa. There were increased frequencies of IL-21-producing LP T cells but no differences in the frequencies of IL-17A- or IL-22-producing LP T cells when comparing inflamed versus noninflamed mucosa at baseline. There were no changes in the mucosal gene expression of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 or the frequencies of IL-17A-, IL-21- and IL-22-producing LP T cell subsets between baseline and following 4 weeks of adalimumab initiation. Our results do not support the hypothesis that anti-TNFα treatment has an early effect on the mucosal levels of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 or LP T cell production of these cytokines in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dige
- Gastro-Immuno Research Laboratory (GIRL), Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claus Uhrenholt
- Gastro-Immuno Research Laboratory (GIRL), Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Kruse Rasmussen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tue Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Dahlerup
- Gastro-Immuno Research Laboratory (GIRL), Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Agnholt
- Gastro-Immuno Research Laboratory (GIRL), Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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117
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Abstract
Autophagy is a pathway that allows cells to target organelles, protein complexes, or invading microorganisms for lysosomal degradation. The specificity of autophagic processes is becoming increasingly recognized and is conferred by selective autophagy receptors such as Optineurin (OPTN). As an autophagy receptor, OPTN controls the clearance of Salmonella infection and mediates mitochondrial turnover. Recent studies demonstrated that OPTN is critically required for pathogen clearance and an appropriate cytokine response in macrophages. Moreover, OPTN emerges as a critical regulator of inflammation emanating from epithelial cells in the intestine. OPTN directly interacts with and promotes the removal of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, a central inflammatory signaling hub of the stressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbations of ER and autophagy functions have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and specifically Crohn's disease. Collectively, these studies may explain how perturbations at the ER can be resolved by selective autophagy to restrain inflammatory processes in the intestine and turn the spotlight on OPTN as a key autophagy receptor. This review covers a timely perspective on the regulation and function of OPTN in health and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timon Erik Adolph
- Department of Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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118
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Šimurina M, de Haan N, Vučković F, Kennedy NA, Štambuk J, Falck D, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Clerc F, Razdorov G, Khon A, Latiano A, D'Incà R, Danese S, Targan S, Landers C, Dubinsky M, McGovern DPB, Annese V, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. Glycosylation of Immunoglobulin G Associates With Clinical Features of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1320-1333.e10. [PMID: 29309774 PMCID: PMC5880750 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Causes of inflammatory bowel diseases are not well understood and the most prominent forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are sometimes hard to distinguish. Glycosylation of IgG has been associated with CD and UC. IgG Fc-glycosylation affects IgG effector functions. We evaluated changes in IgG Fc-glycosylation associated with UC and CD, as well as with disease characteristics in different patient groups. METHODS We analyzed 3441 plasma samples obtained from 2 independent cohorts of patients with CD (874 patients from Italy and 391 from the United States) or UC (1056 from Italy and 253 from the US and healthy individuals [controls]; 427 in Italy and 440 from the United States). IgG Fc-glycosylation (tryptic glycopeptides) was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We analyzed associations between disease status (UC vs controls, CD vs controls, and UC vs CD) and glycopeptide traits, and associations between clinical characteristics and glycopeptide traits, using a logistic regression model with age and sex included as covariates. RESULTS Patients with CD or UC had lower levels of IgG galactosylation than controls. For example, the odds ratio (OR) for IgG1 galactosylation in patients with CD was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.69) and for patients with UC was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.92). Fucosylation of IgG was increased in patients with CD vs controls (for IgG1: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44), but decreased in patients with UC vs controls (for IgG23: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82). Decreased galactosylation associated with more severe CD or UC, including the need for surgery in patients with UC vs controls (for IgG1: OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89) and in patients with CD vs controls (for IgG23: OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91). CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of plasma samples from patients with CD or UC, we associated levels of IgG Fc-glycosylation with disease (compared to controls) and its clinical features. These findings could increase our understanding of mechanisms of CD and UC pathogenesis and be used to develop diagnostics or guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Šimurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Florent Clerc
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Genadij Razdorov
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Khon
- Division of Gastroenterology, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Humanitas University, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carol Landers
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy; Valiant Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia.
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119
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Tiwari V, Kedia S, Garg SK, Rampal R, Mouli VP, Purwar A, Mitra DK, Das P, Dattagupta S, Makharia G, Acharya SK, Ahuja V. CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cell frequency in the peripheral blood is a biomarker that distinguishes intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193433. [PMID: 29489879 PMCID: PMC5830992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between Crohn's Disease (CD) and Intestinal Tuberculosis (ITB) has been a challenging task for clinicians due to their similar presentation. CD4+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) have been reported to be increased in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there is no such data available in ITB. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of FOXP3+ T cells in patients with ITB and CD and its utility as a biomarker. METHODS The study prospectively recruited 124 patients with CD, ITB and controls: ulcerative colitis (UC) and patients with only haemorrhoidal bleed. Frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs in peripheral blood (flow cytometry), FOXP3 mRNA expression in blood and colonic mucosa (qPCR) and FOXP3+ T cells in colonic mucosa (immunohistochemistry) were compared between controls, CD and ITB patients. RESULTS Frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in ITB as compared to CD. Similarly, significant increase in FOXP3+ T cells and FOXP3 mRNA expression was observed in colonic mucosa of ITB as compared to CD. ROC curve showed that a value of >32.5% for FOXP3+ cells in peripheral blood could differentiate between CD and ITB with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 90.6%. CONCLUSION Phenotypic enumeration of peripheral CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells can be used as a non-invasive biomarker in clinics with a high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between ITB and CD in regions where TB is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Tiwari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Rampal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Pratap Mouli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Purwar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D. K. Mitra
- Department of HLA and Transplant Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Dattagupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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120
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Abstract
Serological tests of 35 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease were compared to those of 35 healthy controls. The tests were performed using the indirect immunoperoxidase assay. Ninety-three per cent of 15 patients with Crohn's disease had IgG antibodies against Chlamydia, compared to 26% in the control group. In the 20 patients with ulcerative colitis, 45% had IgG antibodies against Chlamydia, compared to 10% in the control group. High serum titres of IgG antibodies were found in most of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease, mainly with Crohn's disease, while weak reactions appeared in most of the controls in which antibodies were detected. These results suggest a high incidence of Chlamydia infection in the studied patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially in those with Crohn's disease. The possible association between Chlamydia trachomatis and inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Orda
- Department of Surgery A, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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121
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Sharp RC, Beg SA, Naser SA. Role of PTPN2/22 polymorphisms in pathophysiology of Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:657-670. [PMID: 29456405 PMCID: PMC5807669 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i6.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish the relationship of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 and 22 (PTPN2/22) polymorphisms and mycobacterial infections in Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS All 133 subjects' blood samples were genotyped for nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PTPN2/22 using TaqMan™ genotyping, while the effect of the SNPs on PTPN2/22 and IFN-γ gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) IS900 gene was done by nPCR after DNA extraction from the isolated leukocytes of each subjects' blood samples. T-cells isolated from the patient samples were tested for response to phytohematoagglutonin (PHA) mitogen or mycobacterial antigens by BrdU proliferation assays for T-cell activity. RESULTS Out of the nine SNPs examined, subjects with either heterozygous (TC)/minor (CC) alleles in PTPN2:rs478582 occurred in 83% of CD subjects compared to 61% healthy controls (P-values < 0.05; OR = 3.03). Subjects with either heterozygous (GA)/minor (AA) alleles in PTPN22:rs2476601 occurred in 16% of CD compared to 6% healthy controls (OR = 2.7). Gene expression in PTPN2/22 in CD subjects was significantly decreased by 2 folds compared to healthy controls (P-values < 0.05). IFN-γ expression levels were found to be significantly increased by approxiately 2 folds in subjects when either heterozygous or minor alleles in PTPN2:rs478582 and/or PTPN22:rs2476601 were found (P-values < 0.05). MAP DNA was detected in 61% of CD compared to only 8% of healthy controls (P-values < 0.05, OR = 17.52), where subjects with either heterozygous or minor alleles in PTPN2:rs478582 and/or PTPN22:rs2476601 had more MAPbacteremia presence than subjects without SNPs did. The average T-cell proliferation in CD treated with PHA or mycobacteria antigens was, respectively, 1.3 folds and 1.5 folds higher than healthy controls without any significant SNP. CONCLUSION The data suggests that SNPs in PTPN2/22 affect the negative regulation of the immune response in CD patients, thus leading to an increase in inflammation/apoptosis and susceptibility of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Sharp
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Shazia A Beg
- University of Central College of Medicine, Health Center, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
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Gathungu G, Zhang Y, Tian X, Bonkowski E, Rowehl L, Krumsiek J, Nix B, Chalk C, Trapnell B, Zhu W, Newberry R, Denson L, Li E. Impaired granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor bioactivity accelerates surgical recurrence in ileal Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:623-630. [PMID: 29434451 PMCID: PMC5799863 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i5.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) auto-antibodies (Ab) level and time to surgical recurrence after initial surgery for Crohn’s disease (CD).
METHODS We reviewed 412 charts from a clinical database at tertiary academic hospital. Patients included in the study had ileal or ileocolonic CD and surgical resection of small bowel or ileocecal region for management of disease. Serum samples were analyzed for serological assays including GM-CSF cytokine, GM-CSF Ab, ASCA IgG and IgA, and genetic markers including SNPs rs2066843, rs2066844, rs2066845, rs2076756 and rs2066847 in NOD2, rs2241880 in ATG16L1, and rs13361189 in IRGM. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the predictors of surgical recurrence.
RESULTS Ninety six percent of patients underwent initial ileocecal resection (ICR) or ileal resection (IR) and subsequently 40% of patients required a second ICR/IR for CD. GM-CSF Ab level was elevated at a median of 3.81 mcg/mL. Factors predicting faster time to a second surgery included elevated GM-CSF Ab [hazard ratio (HR) 3.52, 95%CI: 1.45-8.53, P = 0.005] and elevated GM-CSF cytokine (HR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.31-4.70, P = 0.005). Factors predicting longer duration between first and second surgery included use of Immunomodulators (HR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.77, P = 0.002), the interaction effect of low GM-CSF Ab levels and smoking (HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.81, P = 0.001) and the interaction effect of low GM-CSF cytokine levels and ATG16L1 (HR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88, P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION GM-CSF bioavailability plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Decreased bioavailability coupled with the genetic risk markers and/or smoking results in aggressive CD behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gathungu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Erin Bonkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Leahana Rowehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Julia Krumsiek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Billy Nix
- Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Claudia Chalk
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Bruce Trapnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United states
| | - Rodney Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Lee Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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Abstract
Although the incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in China is not as high as that in European and American countries, there has been a clear increasing trend in recent years. Little is known about its pathogenesis, cause of deferment, and the range of complications associated with the disease. Local and international scholars have presented many hypotheses about CD pathogenesis based on experimental and clinical studies, including genetic susceptibility, immune function defects, intestinal microflora disorders, delayed hypersensitivity, and food antigen stimulation. However, the specific mechanism leading to this immune imbalance, which causes persistent intestinal mucosal damage, and the source of the inflammatory cascade reaction are still unclear. So far, the results of research studies differ locally and internationally. This paper presents the most current research on immune factors in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bosca-Watts MM, Minguez M, Planelles D, Navarro S, Rodriguez A, Santiago J, Tosca J, Mora F. HLA-DQ: Celiac disease vs inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:96-103. [PMID: 29358886 PMCID: PMC5757130 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the genetic predisposition to celiac disease (CeD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients by quantifying the frequency of CeD-related human leucocyte antigen (HLA) (HLA-CeD: HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8) in IBD patients globally, by type of IBD and gender, and by calculating the protective/risk contribution of these haplotypes in the development of the IBD disease.
METHODS We conducted a prospective study with IBD patients from our Unit. Clinical information was gathered and blood was tested for HLA-CeD. The control group was made up of unrelated Valencian organ donors.
RESULTS 1034 subjects were analyzed: 457 IBD [207 ulcerative coliti (UC) and 250 Crohn’s disease (CD)] patients and 577 healthy controls. 39% of the controls and 34% of the patients had HLA-CeD (P = 0.0852). HLA-DQ2 was less frequent in UC patients (P = 0.0287), and HLA-DQ8 in CD (P = 0.0217). In women with UC, the frequency of DQ2.5cis (DQB1*02:01-DQA1*05:01) was reduced ≥ 50% [P = 0.0344; preventive fraction (PF) = 13%]. PFs (7%-14%) were obtained with all HLA-CeD haplotypes. HLA DQB1*02:02-DQA1*02:01 (HLA-DQ2.2) was more frequent in CD patients with respect to controls (P = 0.001) and UC patients (etiological fraction = 15%).
CONCLUSION HLA-CeD is not more frequent in IBD patients, with an even lower frequency of HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 in UC and CD respectively. HLA-DQ2.5 confers protection from the development of UC, especially in women, and HLA-DQ8 does so for the appearance of CD. HLA-DQ2.2 is present in 34% of the CD patients and may constitute a genetic risk factor for CD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maia Bosca-Watts
- IBD Unit, Digestive Disease Department of the University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain
| | - Miguel Minguez
- IBD Unit, Digestive Disease Department of the University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain
| | - Dolores Planelles
- Histocompatibility Department of the Transfusion Center of the Valencian Community, Valencia 46014, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Pathology Department of the University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez
- Digestive Disease Department of the Hospital Virgen del Castillo of Yecla, Yecla 30510, Spain
| | - Jesus Santiago
- Digestive Disease Department of the Hospital de Manises, Valencia 46940, Spain
| | - Joan Tosca
- IBD Unit, Digestive Disease Department of the University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain
| | - Francisco Mora
- Digestive Disease Department of the University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46017, Spain
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Abstract
Vitamin D has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to pathogen threat. The hormonal form of vitamin D signals through a nuclear receptor transcription factor and regulates gene transcription. Several papers have shown that vitamin D signaling is active both upstream and downstream of pattern recognition receptors, vanguards of innate immune responses. Crohn's disease (CD) is a relapsing-recurring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that arises from dysregulated intestinal innate immunity. Indeed, genetic studies have identified several CD susceptibility markers linked to mechanisms of innate immune responses to infection. Interest in links between vitamin D deficiency and CD has grown substantially, particularly in the last five years. While a number of studies have consistently revealed an association between CD and vitamin D deficiency, recent experimental work has uncovered a compelling mechanistic basis for the contribution of vitamin D deficiency to the pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, a number of intervention trials have provided generally solid evidence that robust vitamin D supplementation may be of therapeutic benefit to patients with CD. This review summarizes these laboratory and clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H White
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Colombel JF, Panaccione R, Bossuyt P, Lukas M, Baert F, Vaňásek T, Danalioglu A, Novacek G, Armuzzi A, Hébuterne X, Travis S, Danese S, Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, Hommes D, Schreiber S, Neimark E, Huang B, Zhou Q, Mendez P, Petersson J, Wallace K, Robinson AM, Thakkar RB, D'Haens G. Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017; 390:2779-2789. [PMID: 29096949 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, such as faecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein, have been recommended for monitoring patients with Crohn's disease, but whether their use in treatment decisions improves outcomes is unknown. We aimed to compare endoscopic and clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease who were managed with a tight control algorithm, using clinical symptoms and biomarkers, versus patients managed with a clinical management algorithm. METHODS CALM was an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 study, done in 22 countries at 74 hospitals and outpatient centres, which evaluated adult patients (aged 18-75 years) with active endoscopic Crohn's disease (Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity [CDEIS] >6; sum of CDEIS subscores of >6 in one or more segments with ulcers), a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) of 150-450 depending on dose of prednisone at baseline, and no previous use of immunomodulators or biologics. Patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to tight control or clinical management groups, stratified by smoking status (yes or no), weight (<70 kg or ≥70 kg), and disease duration (≤2 years or >2 years) after 8 weeks of prednisone induction therapy, or earlier if they had active disease. In both groups, treatment was escalated in a stepwise manner, from no treatment, to adalimumab induction followed by adalimumab every other week, adalimumab every week, and lastly to both weekly adalimumab and daily azathioprine. This escalation was based on meeting treatment failure criteria, which differed between groups (tight control group before and after random assignment: faecal calprotectin ≥250 μg/g, C-reactive protein ≥5mg/L, CDAI ≥150, or prednisone use in the previous week; clinical management group before random assignment: CDAI decrease of <70 points compared with baseline or CDAI >200; clinical management group after random assignment: CDAI decrease of <100 points compared with baseline or CDAI ≥200, or prednisone use in the previous week). De-escalation was possible for patients receiving weekly adalimumab and azathioprine or weekly adalimumab alone if failure criteria were not met. The primary endpoint was mucosal healing (CDEIS <4) with absence of deep ulcers 48 weeks after randomisation. Primary and safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial has been completed, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01235689. FINDINGS Between Feb 11, 2011, and Nov 3, 2016, 244 patients (mean disease duration: clinical management group, 0·9 years [SD 1·7]; tight control group, 1·0 year [2·3]) were randomly assigned to monitoring groups (n=122 per group). 29 (24%) patients in the clinical management group and 32 (26%) patients in the tight control group discontinued the study, mostly because of adverse events. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the tight control group achieved the primary endpoint at week 48 (56 [46%] of 122 patients) than in the clinical management group (37 [30%] of 122 patients), with a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test-adjusted risk difference of 16·1% (95% CI 3·9-28·3; p=0·010). 105 (86%) of 122 patients in the tight control group and 100 (82%) of 122 patients in the clinical management group reported treatment-emergent adverse events; no treatment-related deaths occurred. The most common adverse events were nausea (21 [17%] of 122 patients), nasopharyngitis (18 [15%]), and headache (18 [15%]) in the tight control group, and worsening Crohn's disease (35 [29%] of 122 patients), arthralgia (19 [16%]), and nasopharyngitis (18 [15%]) in the clinical management group. INTERPRETATION CALM is the first study to show that timely escalation with an anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on the basis of clinical symptoms combined with biomarkers in patients with early Crohn's disease results in better clinical and endoscopic outcomes than symptom-driven decisions alone. Future studies should assess the effects of such a strategy on long-term outcomes such as bowel damage, surgeries, hospital admissions, and disability. FUNDING AbbVie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Milan Lukas
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, ISCARE Clinical Centre, Prague, Czech Republic; First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas Vaňásek
- Hepato-Gastroenterologie HK, sro, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmet Danalioglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gottfried Novacek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Presidio Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Hébuterne
- Service de Gastro-entérologie et Nutrition Clinique, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Hommes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize and quantify tissue gene and protein expression of IL-27 in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients. This is an observational and cross-sectional study. Fifty-four patients with IBD were studied: 27 active UC, 12 inactive UC, 10 active CD, and 5 inactive CD. All patients belonged to the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición. We found that IL-27 gene expression was significantly higher in active UC versus inactive UC group (P = 0.015). The IL-27 mRNA expression was increased in patients with active CD compared with inactive CD disease (P = 0.035). The percentage of IL-27 immunoreactive cells was higher in active UC versus active CD patients and non-inflamed tissue controls. The IL-27 was significantly elevated in active UC and CD patients, and it was associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Furuzawa Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Fonseca Camarillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Elshal MF, Aldahlawi AM, Saadah OI, Mccoy JP. Expression of CD200R1 and its Ligand CD200 on T-helper Lymphocytes of Pediatric Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. Clin Lab 2017; 62:1521-1529. [PMID: 28164626 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2016.151231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD200 and its receptor CD200R are both type I membrane glycoproteins that modulate the activity of myeloid and lymphoid cells, and their interaction is functionally important in the suppression of effector T-cell responses by regulatory T-cells. We aimed to investigate the extent of expression of CD200 and CD200R1 on CD4+ T-cells in blood of children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and to explore their correlations with effector T cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Treg), and routine clinical and serological markers. METHODS The frequencies of blood CD4+ expressing CD200 and CD200R1 as well as T-helper CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg, CD4+ IL-17+ (Th17), CD4+ IFN-γ + (Th1), and CD4+IL-4+ (Th2) were estimated by flow cytometry in 23 patients with CD, 14 with UC, and 14 healthy volunteers (HCs). The clinical and inflammatory markers were also investigated. RESULTS IBD patients showed decreased CD4+CD200R1+ T-cells, whereas, CD4+CD200+ T-cells were significantly higher in patient groups compared with healthy controls. Treg cells were found significantly decreased in the patients with UC and CD compared with healthy controls (both at p < 0.01). The percentage of Th17 was found significantly increased in CD (p < 0.05) compared with UC patients and healthy subjects (p = 0.014). CD200+CD4+ T-cells showed significant positive correlations with ESR, Th1, and Th17 (r = 0.438, p < 0.05; r = 0.411, p < 0.05; r = 0.492, p < 0.01, respectively). CD200R1+CD4+ T-cells correlated positively with Th2 and Treg (r = 0.482, p < 0.01, and r = 0.457, p < 0.01, respectively) and negatively with ESR (r = -0.387, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates an aberrant expression of CD200/CD200R1 on CD4+ T-cells in IBD patients and these data may have potent pathological significance in IBD pathophysiology.
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Raffáč Š, Gombošová L, Gabzdilová J, Novotná L, Šajtyová K, Pekárová T, Kopolovets I, Tóth Š. Detection of anti-infliximab antibodies in Slovak IBD patients and its costs saving effect. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017; 38:5-9. [PMID: 29200248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Management chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is associated with diagnosis, targeted treatment and and individual approach. There is a group of patients which loss the response to the biologic treatment caused by insufficient levels of biologics or positive antibodies against these drugs. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of patients with positive antibodies against the biological treatment and the costs saving probabilities of the antibodies detection during the treatment. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study was based on examination of 183 IBD patients' sera (72 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 111 ulcerative colitis (UC)) treated with infiliximab. METHODS Circulating serum infliximab concentrations and anti-infliximab antibodies (ATI) were quantified by ELISA methods. Costs associated with the treatment were analysed from the data of General Health Insurance Company, Slovakia. RESULTS The average infliximab concentrations in groups of CD were 2.9 µg/mL, 38.9% of samples had a concentration ≤1 µg/mL. Group with UC had average infliximab levels of 3.19 µg/mL, 32.4% bellow ≤1 µg/mL. Positive ATI levels were detected in 52 patients, in 28 patients with CD (38.8%) and 24 patients with UC (21.6%). The average values of the antibodies were 387.75 U/ml in CD and 391.94 U/ml in UC group. More than 28% IBD patients were positive for ATI. After application of the results to the database of all IBD patients, finishing of the treatment with ATI could lead (after considering the ATI quantification costs) to possible annual savings of more than €2 million in Slovakian health-care system. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of infliximab and antibodies against infliximab and anti-TNF-α biologics may help optimize treatment strategies and costs for biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Raffáč
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Laura Gombošová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Slovakia
| | - Juliana Gabzdilová
- Department of Hematology and Oncohematology, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Novotná
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šajtyová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Slovakia
| | - Tímea Pekárová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Kopolovets
- Department of Vascular Surgery, East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Tóth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Slovakia
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Luchetti MM, Benfaremo D, Ciccia F, Bolognini L, Ciferri M, Farinelli A, Rossini M, Mosca P, Triolo G, Gabrielli A. Adalimumab efficacy in enteropathic spondyloarthritis: A 12-mo observational multidisciplinary study. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7139-7149. [PMID: 29093622 PMCID: PMC5656461 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i39.7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To report adalimumab (Ada) efficacy on articular-gastrointestinal disease and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with enteropathic spondyloarthritis (ES).
METHODS A cohort of 52 patients with ES was evaluated in the departments of gastroenterology and internal medicine. At baseline, all patients underwent assessment by an integrated gastro-rheumatologic evaluation of articular and gastrointestinal activity, as well patient reported outcomes (PROs) of the HRQoL questionnaires. After this integrated evaluation and following a specific working flowchart, the Ada anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitor was assigned to a cohort of 30 patients and its clinical efficacy was evaluated at baseline and after 6-mo and 12-mo treatment by the following tests: (1) Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP); Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) for articular activity; (2) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and partial Mayo (pMayo) score for gastrointestinal symptoms and activity; and (3) Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Patient Global Assessment (PGA) and Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) questionnaires for PROs of the HRQoL.
RESULTS Integrated evaluation and management of the patients affected by ES, carried out simultaneously by a gastroenterologist and a rheumatologist, allowed clinicians to choose the optimal therapeutic strategy. In a cohort of 30 ES patients affected by active articular and gastrointestinal disease, or axial active articular inflammation, Ada led to fast and sustained improvement of both articular and gastrointestinal disease activities. In fact, all the clinimetric evaluation tests exploring articular or gastrointestinal activity, as well as all the HRQoL scores, showed a significant improvement having been achieved at the earliest (6-mo) assessment. This important clinical improvement was maintained at the 12-mo follow-up. Importantly, global and gastrointestinal quality of life significantly correlated with articular disease activity, providing evidence to support that the integrated evaluation is the best option to manage patients with ES.
CONCLUSION Ada treatment, upon multidisciplinary (gastro-rheumatologic) evaluation, significantly improves both articular and gastrointestinal inflammation, thereby improving the HRQoL in patients affected by ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maria Luchetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Devis Benfaremo
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90021, Italy
| | - Laura Bolognini
- Dipartimento Gastroenterologico e dei Trapianti, Polo Ospedaliero-Universitario “Umberto I-G.M. Lancisi- G. Salesi”, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Monia Ciferri
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Alessia Farinelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossini
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Mosca
- Dipartimento Gastroenterologico e dei Trapianti, Polo Ospedaliero-Universitario “Umberto I-G.M. Lancisi- G. Salesi”, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90021, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
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Li J, Doty AL, Tang Y, Berrie D, Iqbal A, Tan SA, Clare‐Salzler MJ, Wallet SM, Glover SC. Enrichment of IL-17A + IFN-γ + and IL-22 + IFN-γ + T cell subsets is associated with reduction of NKp44 + ILC3s in the terminal ileum of Crohn's disease patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:143-153. [PMID: 28586085 PMCID: PMC5588779 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the human gastrointestinal tract whose aetiology remains largely unknown. Dysregulated adaptive immune responses and defective innate immunity both contribute to this process. In this study, we demonstrated that the interleukin (IL)-17A+ interferon (IFN)-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets accumulated specifically in the inflamed terminal ileum of CD patients. These cells had higher expression of Ki-67 and were active cytokine producers. In addition, their proportions within both the IL-17A-producer and IL-22-producer populations were increased significantly. These data suggest that IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets might represent the pathogenic T helper type 17 (Th17) population in the context of intestinal inflammation for CD patients. In the innate immunity compartment we detected a dramatic alteration of both phenotype and function of the intestinal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), that play an important role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. In the inflamed gut the frequency of the NKp44- CD117- ILC1s subset was increased significantly, while the frequency of NKp44+ ILC3s was reduced. Furthermore, the frequency of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)-expressing-NKp44+ ILC3s was also reduced significantly. Interestingly, the decrease in the NKp44+ ILC3s population was associated with an increase of pathogenic IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the adaptive compartment. This might suggest a potential link between NKp44+ ILC3s and the IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-22+ IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the terminal ileum of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - A. L. Doty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Y. Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - D. Berrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - A. Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. A. Tan
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - M. J. Clare‐Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of DentistryUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - S. C. Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Serena C, Keiran N, Madeira A, Maymó-Masip E, Ejarque M, Terrón-Puig M, Espin E, Martí M, Borruel N, Guarner F, Menacho M, Zorzano A, Millan M, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Crohn's Disease Disturbs the Immune Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Related to Inflammasome Activation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1109-1123. [PMID: 28966116 PMCID: PMC5639166 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the expansion of mesenteric fat, also known as “creeping fat.” We explored the plasticity and immune properties of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the context of CD as potential key players in the development of creeping fat. Mesenteric CD-derived ASCs presented a more proliferative, inflammatory, invasive, and phagocytic phenotype than equivalent cells from healthy donors, irrespective of the clinical stage. Remarkably, ASCs from the subcutaneous depot of patients with CD also showed an activated immune response that was associated with a reduction in their immunosuppressive properties. The invasive phenotype of mesenteric CD ASCs was governed by an inflammasome-mediated inflammatory state since blocking inflammasome signaling, mainly the secretion of interleukin-1β, reversed this characteristic. Thus, CD alters the biological functions of ASCs as adipocyte precursors, but also their immune properties. Selection of ASCs with the best immunomodulatory properties is advocated for the success of cell-based therapies. ASCs isolated from CD patients are highly proliferative, invasive, and phagocytic Proliferative ASCs may be responsible for the development of creeping fat ASCs from CD patients have dampened immunosuppressive properties Selection of the best immunosuppressive ASCs for cell therapy is advocated
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Serena
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Madeira
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarida Terrón-Puig
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eloy Espin
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Martí
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Borruel
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Menacho
- Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Millan
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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Dubois-Camacho K, Ottum PA, Franco-Muñoz D, De la Fuente M, Torres-Riquelme A, Díaz-Jiménez D, Olivares-Morales M, Astudillo G, Quera R, Hermoso MA. Glucocorticosteroid therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: From clinical practice to molecular biology. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6628-6638. [PMID: 29085208 PMCID: PMC5643284 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic pathologies associated with a deregulated immune response in the intestinal mucosa, and they are triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Exogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as anti-inflammatory therapy in IBDs. In the past, patients with moderate or severe states of inflammation received GCs as a first line therapy with an important effectiveness in terms of reduction of the disease activity and the induction of remission. However, this treatment often results in detrimental side effects. This downside drove the development of second generation GCs and more precise (non-systemic) drug-delivery methods. Recent clinical trials show that most of these new treatments have similar effectiveness to first generation GCs with fewer adverse effects. The remaining challenge in successful treatment of IBDs concerns the refractoriness and dependency that some patients encounter during GCs treatment. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC response is key to personalizing drug choice for IBDs patients to optimize their response to treatment. In this review, we examine the clinical characteristics of treatment with GCs, followed by an in depth analysis of the proposed molecular mechanisms involved in its resistance and dependence associated with IBDs. This thorough analysis of current clinical and biomedical literature may help guide physicians in determining a course of treatment for IBDs patients and identifies important areas needing further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Payton A Ottum
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniel Franco-Muñoz
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Division of Research, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago 7591046, Chile
| | - Alejandro Torres-Riquelme
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - David Díaz-Jiménez
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mauricio Olivares-Morales
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Astudillo
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Gastroenterology Department, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago 7591046, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Perry T, Laffin M, Fedorak RN, Thiesen A, Dicken B, Madsen KL. Ileocolic resection is associated with increased susceptibility to injury in a murine model of colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184660. [PMID: 28922370 PMCID: PMC5603159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ileocolic resection (ICR) is the most common intestinal resection performed for Crohn's disease, with recurrences commonly occurring at the site of the anastomosis. This study used an animal model of ICR in wild-type mice to examine immunologic changes that developed around the surgical anastomosis and how these changes impacted gut responses to minor acute injury. ICR was performed in adult 129S1/SvlmJ mice and results compared with mice receiving sham or no surgery. Dextran sodium sulfate was given either on post-operative day 9 or day 24 to evaluate immune responses in the intestine both immediately following surgery and after a period of healing. Fecal occult blood measurements and animal weights were taken daily. Cytokine levels were measured in ileal and colonic tissue. Bacterial load in the neo-terminal ileum was measured using qPCR. Immune cell populations in the intestinal tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were assessed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion in response to microbial products was measured in isolated mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen cells. ICR resulted in an initial elevation of inflammatory markers in the terminal ileum and colon followed by enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. Intestinal surgical resection resulted in the recruitment of innate immune cells into the colon that exhibited a non-responsiveness to microbial stimuli. DSS colitis phenotype was more severe in the ileocolic resection groups and this was associated with local and systemic immunosuppression as evidenced by a reduced cytokine responses to microbial stimuli. This study reveals the development of an immune non-responsiveness to microbial products following ileocolic resection that is associated with enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. These surgical-induced altered immune-microbial interactions in the intestine may contribute to disease recurrence at the surgical anastomosis site following ileocolic resections in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard N. Fedorak
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan Dicken
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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135
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Halling ML, Kjeldsen J, Knudsen T, Nielsen J, Hansen LK. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have increased risk of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6137-6146. [PMID: 28970729 PMCID: PMC5597505 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether immune mediated diseases (IMD) are more frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS In this population based registry study, a total of 47325 patients with IBD were alive and registered in the Danish National Patient Registry on December 16, 2013. Controls were randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) and matched for sex, age, and municipality. We used ICD 10 codes to identify the diagnoses of the included patients. The IBD population was divided into three subgroups: Ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and Both the latter referring to those registered with both diagnoses. Subsequently, odds-ratios (OR) and 95%CI were obtained separately for each group and their respective controls. The use of Bonferoni post-test correction adjusted the significance level to P < 0.00125. P-values were estimated using Fisher’s exact test.
RESULTS There were significantly more women than men in the registry, and a greater percentage of comorbidity in the IBD groups (P < 0.05). Twenty different IMDs were all significantly more frequent in the IBD group. Sixteen were associated with UC versus twelve with CD. In both UC and CD ORs were significantly increased (P < 0.00125) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), celiac disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D), sarcoidosis, asthma, iridocyclitis, psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Restricted to UC (P < 0.00125) were autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, Grave’s disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis , and atrophic gastritis. Restricted to CD (P < 0.00125) were psoriatic arthritis and episcleritis. Restricted to women with UC (P < 0.00125) were atrophic gastritis, rheumatoid arthritis, temporal arteritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica. Restricted to women with CD were episcleritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. The only disease restricted to men (P < 0.00125) was sarcoidosis.
CONCLUSION Immune mediated diseases were significantly more frequent in patients with IBD. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that some IMDs and IBD may have overlapping pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten L Halling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology S, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Knudsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Koch Hansen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology S, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Feldbrügge L, Moss AC, Yee EU, Csizmadia E, Mitsuhashi S, Longhi MS, Sandhu B, Stephan H, Wu Y, Cheifetz AS, Müller CE, Sévigny J, Robson SC, Jiang ZG. Expression of Ecto-nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolases-2 and -3 in the Enteric Nervous System Affects Inflammation in Experimental Colitis and Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1113-1123. [PMID: 28472257 PMCID: PMC5881706 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested that the enteric nervous system can modulate gut immunity. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases [E-NTPDases] regulate purinergic signalling by sequential phosphohydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate [ATP]. Herein, we test the hypothesis that E-NTPDases modulate gut inflammation via neuro-immune crosstalk. DESIGN We determined expression patterns of NTPDase2 and NTPDase3 in murine and human colon. Experimental colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] in genetically engineered mice deficient in NTPDase2 or NTPDase3. We compared plasma adenosine diphosphatase [ADPase] activity from Crohn's patients and healthy controls, and linked the enzyme activity to Crohn's disease activity. RESULTS NTPDase2 and -3 were chiefly expressed in cells of the enteric nervous system in both murine and human colon. When compared with wild type, DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated in Entpd2, and to a lesser extent, Entpd3 null mice as measured by disease activity score and histology, and marked anaemia was seen in both. Colonic macrophages isolated from Entpd2 null mice displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared with wild type. In human plasma, Crohn's patients had decreases in ADPase activity when compared with healthy controls. The drop in ADPase activity was likely associated with changes in NTPDase2 and -3, as suggested by inhibitor studies, and were correlated with Crohn's disease activity. CONCLUSIONS NTPDase2 and -3 are ecto-enzymes expressed in the enteric nervous system. Both enzymes confer protection against gut inflammation in experimental colitis and exhibit alterations in Crohn's disease. These observations suggest that purinergic signalling modulated by E-NTPDases governs neuro-immune interactions that are relevant in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feldbrügge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, OU Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bynvant Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enteral nutrition as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases is an ongoing area of interest. Even in the era of biologic agents, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) offers a unique, drug-free measure for induction of remission in luminal Crohn's disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of EEN in the evolving therapeutic scheme for Crohn's disease, to report on new evidence for short and long-term efficacy and highlight findings on the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of EEN in light of current understanding of disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical studies have suggested that EEN has an established advantage over corticosteroids for inducing remission in children with luminal Crohn's disease with comparable clinical efficacy but superior mucosal healing effect as well as better safety profile. Preoperative EEN therapy can also improve postoperative outcome of intestinal resection. Basic research has demonstrated that EEN has direct anti-inflammatory properties, can correct localization of tight junction proteins, alter micro RNAs expression, and profoundly affect the intestinal microbiota. SUMMARY EEN is an effective treatment for induction of remission in pediatric luminal Crohn's disease and should be offered as a first-line treatment. Accumulating evidence suggest that EEN has direct anti-inflammatory properties with an effect on the intestinal microbiota. However, the relationships between these effects and the specific triggers for these changes have yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Assa
- aInstitute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach TikvabSackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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138
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and is difficult to treat. The pathophysiology of IBD is multifactorial and not completely understood, but genetic components, dysregulated immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved. Animal models of IBD can be chemically induced, and are used to study etiology and to evaluate potential treatments of IBD. Currently available IBD treatments can decrease the duration of active disease but because of their adverse effects, the search for novel therapeutic strategies that can restore intestinal homeostasis continues. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known of the effects of amino acids on the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in the gut when IBD is present. Recent studies in animal models have identified dietary amino acids that improve IBD, but amino acid supplementation may not be adequate to replace conventional therapy. The animal models used in dietary amino acid research in IBD are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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139
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Guariso G, Gasparetto M. Treating children with inflammatory bowel disease: Current and new perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5469-5485. [PMID: 28852307 PMCID: PMC5558111 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gut characterised by alternating periods of remission and relapse. Whilst the mechanism underlying this disease is yet to be fully understood, old and newer generation treatments can only target selected pathways of this complex inflammatory process. This narrative review aims to provide an update on the most recent advances in treatment of paediatric IBD. A MEDLINE search was conducted using “paediatric inflammatory bowel disease”, “paediatric Crohn’s disease”, “paediatric ulcerative colitis”, “treatment”, “therapy”, “immunosuppressant”, “biologic”, “monitoring” and “biomarkers” as key words. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2014 and 2016 were selected. Studies referring to earlier periods were also considered in case the data was relevant to our scope. Major advances have been achieved in monitoring the individual metabolism, toxicity and response to relevant medications in IBD including thiopurines and biologics. New biologics acting on novel mechanisms such as selective interference with lymphocyte trafficking are emerging treatment options. Current research is investing in the development of reliable prognostic biomarkers, aiming to move towards personalised treatments targeted to individual patients.
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Salgado VCL, Luiz RR, Boechat N, Schorr BC, Leão IS, Nunes T, Zaltman C. Crohn’s disease environmental factors in the developing world: A case-control study in a statewide catchment area in Brazil. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5549-5556. [PMID: 28852314 PMCID: PMC5558118 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify environmental risk factors associated with the development of Crohn’s disease (CD) in order to re-assess the hygiene hypothesis.
METHODS A hospital-based, case-control study was carried out with CD patients (n = 145) and controls (n = 163) representing a socioeconomically diverse statewide catchment area in Brazil. Controls were recruited from caregivers of patients seen in different outpatient clinics at the same hospital. A multi-item survey with 94 questions regarding family history of CD, perinatal and childhood circumstances, living conditions, tobacco use and familial socioeconomic status was carried out by interviewers.
RESULTS On the univariate analysis, predictive variables for CD included being male, under age of 40, a high education level, urban dweller, smaller family size, exposure to enteric pathogens and user of treated water (P < 0.005). On the multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with CD were male gender (OR = 2.09), under age 40 (OR = 3.10), white (OR = 2.32), from a small family in childhood (OR = 2.34) and adulthood (OR = 3.02), absence of viral infections in childhood (OR = 2.23), exposure to enteric pathogens (OR = 2.41), having had an appendectomy (OR = 2.47) and prior or current smoker (OR = 2.83/1.12).
CONCLUSION Most variables supporting the “hygiene hypothesis” are associated with the development of CD but are not independent predictors of the diagnosis.
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141
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Chitnavis M, Stein DJ, Commins S, Schuyler AJ, Behm B. First-dose anaphylaxis to infliximab: a case of mammalian meat allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017. [PMID: 28634101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Chitnavis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
| | - Daniel J Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Scott Commins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alex J Schuyler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Brian Behm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
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Dai SX, Gu HX, Lin QY, Wu YK, Wang XY, Huang SZ, Xing TS, Chen MH, Zhang QF, Zheng ZW, Sha WH. Decreased CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28- T cell ratio can sensitively predict poor outcome for patients with complicated Crohn disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7247. [PMID: 28658115 PMCID: PMC5500037 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn disease (CD) with complications such as penetrating, stricturing, and perianal disease is called complicated CD. The aim of this study is to test the efficiency with which the CD8CD28/CD8CD28 cell balance can predict a subsequent active stage in patients with newly diagnosed complicated CD.Seventeen patients with complicated CD and 48 CD patients with no complications were enrolled. Blood CD8 T cells were tested from all of the 65 newly diagnosed CD patients upon enrollment. The potential risk factors were compared between the 2 groups. A 30-week follow-up was performed, and the efficiency of the CD8 cell balance at predicting active CD was analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic curves. The cumulative remission lasting rates (CRLRs) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Compared with the control CD group, patients with complicated CD were predominantly male and younger in age; they also had lower body mass indices (BMIs), higher Crohn disease activity indices (CDAIs), higher immunosuppressant and steroid prescription rates, and significantly higher surgical rates. The CD8CD28/CD8CD28 balance was associated with BMI, CDAI, steroids, and surgery. The CD8CD28/CD8CD28 ratios were significantly lower at week 0 and on the 6th, 22nd, and 30th week during follow-up with a shorter lasting time of remission for the complicated CD patients. The CD8CD28/CD8CD28 ratio could accurately predict the active stage for the patients with complicated CD, and the highest sensitivity (89.2%) and specificity (85.3%) were found when the ratio was 1.03. Treatment with steroids and surgery, along with a significantly lower CD8CD28/CD8CD28 ratio and lower CRLRs, was closely related to a worse outcome for the patients with complicated CD.Patients requiring steroids and surgery experience more severe disease activity and thus a disequilibrated immunological balance, which could be the main reason for a decreased CD8CD28/CD8CD28 ratio. This ratio can sensitively predict the active stage for patients with complicated CD, and more care should be taken when this ratio is <1.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-xue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology
| | | | - Qian-yi Lin
- The First Clinical Medical School (Nanfang Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Yan-kun Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xiao-yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Shao-zhuo Huang
- The First Clinical Medical School (Nanfang Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Tiao-si Xing
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Min-hua Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-fang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology
| | - Zhong-wen Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology
| | - Wei-hong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology
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Pan Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Jabir MS, Liu X, Cui W, Li D. Associations between Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040382. [PMID: 28406440 PMCID: PMC5409721 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may be at risk of vitamin B12 and folate insufficiencies, as these micronutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, which is affected by IBD. However, a consensus has not been reached on the association between IBD and serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. Methods: In this study, a comprehensive search of multiple databases was performed to identify studies focused on the association between IBD and serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. Studies that compared serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations between IBD and control patients were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results: The main outcome was the mean difference in serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations between IBD and control patients. Our findings indicated that the average serum folate concentration in IBD patients was significantly lower than that in control patients, whereas the mean serum vitamin B12 concentration did not differ between IBD patients and controls. In addition, the average serum folate concentration in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) but not Crohn’s disease (CD) was significantly lower than that in controls. This meta-analysis identified a significant relationship between low serum folate concentration and IBD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest IBD may be linked with folate deficiency, although the results do not indicate causation. Thus, providing supplements of folate and vitamin B12 to IBD patients may improve their nutritional status and prevent other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haizhuo Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Part of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China.
| | - Majid Sakhi Jabir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq.
| | - Xuanchen Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China.
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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144
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Saeed MA, Ng GZ, Däbritz J, Wagner J, Judd L, Han JX, Dhar P, Kirkwood CD, Sutton P. Protease-activated Receptor 1 Plays a Proinflammatory Role in Colitis by Promoting Th17-related Immunity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:593-602. [PMID: 28296821 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic cleavage of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) can result in potent downstream regulatory effects on inflammation. Although PAR1 is expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and activating proteases are increased in inflammatory bowel disease, the effect of PAR1 activation on colitis remains poorly understood, and has not previously been studied in pediatric disease. METHODS Expression of PAR1 and inflammatory cytokines in colonic biopsies from pediatric patients with Crohn's disease exhibiting active moderate to severe colitis was measured by quantitative PCR. The functional relevance of these clinical data was further studied in a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. RESULTS PAR1 expression was significantly upregulated in the inflamed colons of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, with expression levels directly correlating to disease severity. In patients with severe colitis, PAR1 expression uniquely correlated with Th17-related (IL17A, IL22, and IL23A) cytokines. Infection of PAR1-deficient (PAR1) and wildtype mice with colitogenic C. rodentium revealed that disease severity and colonic pathology were strongly attenuated in mice lacking PAR1. Furthermore, Th17-type immune response was completely abolished in the colons of infected PAR1 but not wildtype mice. Finally, PAR1 was shown to be essential for secretion of the Th17-driving cytokine IL-23 by C. rodentium-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a strong link between PAR1 expression, Th17-type immunity, and disease severity in both pediatric patients with Crohn's disease and C. rodentium-induced colitis in mice. The data presented suggest PAR1 exerts a proinflammatory role in colitis in both humans and mice by promoting a Th17-type immune response, potentially by supporting the production of IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Saeed
- *Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; †Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; ‡Department of Paediatrics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; and §Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Al-Raddadi R, Frances C, Moguelet P, Bachmeyer C, Guégan S. Ustekinumab as Effective Treatment for Refractory Amicrobial Pustulosis of the Folds Associated with Crohn's Disease. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:389-390. [PMID: 27722763 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al-Raddadi
- Service de dermatologie-allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, FR-75020 Paris, France
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146
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Casey G. Inflammatory bowel disease. Nurs N Z 2017; 23:20-24. [PMID: 30556986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
THE INCIDENCE of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is in- creasing worldwide. The underlying causes of IBD, which encom- passes Crohn's disease and ulcerative coLitis, are unknown but are thought to be a com- bination of genetics, environmental factors, abnormal immune re- sponses and disruption to the microbiota in the gut. IBD can be a devas- tating disease, affect- ing quality of Life and increasing risks for bowel cancer. Effec- tive management has been an elusive goal, but with better under- standing of the inflam- matory and immune pathways involved in IBD, more successful therapies are entering clinical practice. To deliver quality care and help people with IBD manage this dis- ease, nurses must be familiar with the cur- rent understanding of its causes.
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147
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Thomas LS, Targan SR, Tsuda M, Yu QT, Salumbides BC, Haritunians T, Mengesha E, McGovern DPB, Michelsen KS. The TNF family member TL1A induces IL-22 secretion in committed human T h17 cells via IL-9 induction. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:727-737. [PMID: 27733581 PMCID: PMC6608031 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0316-129r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TL1A contributes to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including those of the bowel by enhancing TH1, TH17, and TH2 responses. TL1A mediates a strong costimulation of these TH subsets, particularly of mucosal CCR9+ T cells. However, the signaling pathways that TL1A induces in different TH subsets are incompletely understood. We investigated the function of TL1A on human TH17 cells. TL1A, together with TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23, enhanced the secretion of IL-17 and IFN-γ from human CD4+ memory T cells. TL1A induced expression of the transcription factors BATF and T-bet that correlated with the secretion of IL-17 and IFN-γ. In contrast, TL1A alone induced high levels of IL-22 in memory CD4+ T cells and committed TH17 cells. However, TL1A did not enhance expression of IL-17A in TH17 cells. Expression of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which regulates the expression of IL-22 was not affected by TL1A. Transcriptome analysis of TH17 cells revealed increased expression of IL-9 in response to TL1A. Blocking IL-9 receptor antibodies abrogated TL1A-induced IL-22 secretion. Furthermore, TL1A increased IL-9 production by peripheral TH17 cells isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. These data suggest that TL1A differentially induces expression of TH17 effector cytokines IL-17, -9, and -22 and provides a potential target for therapeutic intervention in TH17-driven chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Thomas
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Masato Tsuda
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qi T Yu
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brenda C Salumbides
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathrin S Michelsen
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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148
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Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic utility of serum platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels and to assess its accuracy in detecting inflammatory bowel disease activity.This study included 45 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 45 patients with Crohn disease (CD), and 30 control subjects at Jinling Hospital between May 2014 and July 2015. Laboratory tests measured white blood count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. PF4 was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to disease activity: active and inactive.Median PF4 values dramatically increased in UC and CD patients compared with the healthy group (UC: 26.64 [20.00-36.22] mg/mL vs 20.02 [14.63-26.83] mg/mL, P = 0.002; CD: 25.56 [18.57-36.36] mg/mL vs 20.02 [14.63-26.83] mg/mL, P = 0.014); however, the serum PF4 levels between UC and CD failed to show a significant difference (26.64 [20.00-36.22] mg/mL vs 25.56 [18.57-36.36] mg/mL, P = 0.521). Furthermore, serum PF4 levels were elevated in both UC and CD patients with active disease (UC: 20.19 [14.89-23.53] mg/mL vs 28.86 [22.57-37.29] mg/mL, P < 0.001; CD: 18.33 [16.72-25.77] mg/mL vs 34.38 [22.58-39.92] mg/mL, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed higher PF4 level as an independent predictor of disease activity in UC and CD patients (UC: odds ratio 30.375, P = 0.002; CD: odds ratio 54.167, P < 0.001). The cut-off level of PF4 for distinguishing active from inactive UC patients was 24.1 mg/mL. While in CD patients, the cut-off level of PF4 was 19.24 mg/mL.Serum PF4 levels could be a potential biomarker for monitoring the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | | | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Ya-Xu Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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149
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Wildenberg ME, Koelink PJ, Diederen K, Te Velde AA, Wolfkamp SCS, Nuij VJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Nobis M, Sansom OJ, Anderson KI, van der Woude CJ, D'Haens GRAM, van den Brink GR. The ATG16L1 risk allele associated with Crohn's disease results in a Rac1-dependent defect in dendritic cell migration that is corrected by thiopurines. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:352-360. [PMID: 27435106 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiopurines are commonly used drugs in the therapy of Crohn's disease, but unfortunately only show a 30% response rate. The biological basis for the thiopurine response is unclear, thus hampering patient selection prior to treatment. A genetic risk factor associated specifically with Crohn's disease is a variant in ATG16L1 that reduces autophagy. We have previously shown that autophagy is involved in dendritic cell (DC)-T-cell interactions and cytoskeletal regulation. Here we further investigated the role of autophagy in DC cytoskeletal modulation and cellular trafficking. Autophagy-deficient DC displayed loss of filopodia, altered podosome distribution, and increased membrane ruffling, all consistent with increased cellular adhesion. Consequently, autophagy-deficient DC showed reduced migration. The cytoskeletal aberrations were mediated through hyperactivation of Rac1, a known thiopurine target. Indeed thiopurines restored the migratory defects in autophagy-deficient DC. Clinically, the ATG16L1 risk variant associated with increased response to thiopurine treatment in patients with Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis. These results suggest that the association between ATG16L1 and Crohn's disease is mediated at least in part through Rac1 hyperactivation and subsequent defective DC migration. As this phenotype can be corrected using thiopurines, ATG16L1 genotyping may be useful in the identification of patients that will benefit most from thiopurine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Diederen
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S C S Wolfkamp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V J Nuij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nobis
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - K I Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - C J van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G R A M D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Oh EH, Ko DH, Seo H, Chang K, Kim GU, Song EM, Seo M, Lee HS, Hwang SW, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Park SH. Clinical correlations of infliximab trough levels and antibodies to infliximab in South Korean patients with Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1489-1496. [PMID: 28293096 PMCID: PMC5330834 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical implications of infliximab trough levels (IFX-TLs) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) levels in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in Asian countries.
METHODS IFX-TL and ATI level were measured using prospectively collected samples obtained with informed consent from CD patients being treated at Asan Medical Center, South Korea. We analyzed the correlations between IFX-TLs/ATI levels and the clinical activity of CD (quiescent vs active disease) based on the CD activity index, C-reactive protein level, and physician’s judgment of patients’ clinical status at enrollment. The impact of concomitant immunomodulators was also investigated.
RESULTS This study enrolled 138 patients with CD (84 with quiescent and 54 with active disease). In patients with quiescent and active diseases, the median IFX-TLs were 1.423 μg/mL and 0.163 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001) and the median ATI levels were 8.064 AU/mL and 11.209 AU/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In the ATI-negative and -positive groups, the median IFX-TLs were 1.415 μg/mL and 0.141 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In patients with and without concomitant immunomodulator use, there were no differences in IFX-TLs (0.632 μg/mL and 1.150 μg/mL, respectively; P = 0.274) or ATI levels (8.655 AU/mL and 9.017 AU/mL, respectively; P = 0.083).
CONCLUSION IFX-TL/ATI levels were well correlated with the clinical activity in South Korean CD patients. Our findings support the usefulness of IFX-TLs/ATI levels in treating CD patients receiving IFX in clinical practice.
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