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Vihonen H, Kuisma M, Salo A, Ångerman S, Pietiläinen K, Nurmi J. Mechanisms of early glucose regulation disturbance after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An explorative prospective study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214209. [PMID: 30908518 PMCID: PMC6433228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is common and associated with increased mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Mechanisms behind ultra-acute hyperglycemia are not well known. We performed an explorative study to describe the changes in glucose metabolism mediators during the prehospital postresuscitation phase. Methods We included patients who were successfully resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in two physician-staffed units. Insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were measured in prehospital and hospital admission samples. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and HbA1c were measured at hospital admission. Results Thirty patients participated in the study. Of those, 28 cases (71% without diabetes) had sufficient data for analysis. The median time interval between prehospital samples and hospital admission samples was 96 minutes (IQR 85–119). At the time of ROSC, the patients were hyperglycemic (11.2 mmol/l, IQR 8.8–15.7), with insulin and glucagon concentrations varying considerably, although mostly corresponding to fasting levels (10.1 mU/l, IQR 4.2–25.2 and 141 ng/l, IQR 105–240, respectively). GLP-1 increased 2- to 8-fold with elevation of IL-6. The median glucose change from prehospital to hospital admission was -2.2 mmol/l (IQR -3.6 to -0.2). No significant correlations between the change in plasma glucose levels and the changes in insulin (r = 0.30, p = 0.13), glucagon (r = 0.29, p = 0.17), or GLP-1 levels (r = 0.32, p = 0.15) or with IL-6 (r = (-0.07), p = 0.75), cortisol (r = 0.13, p = 0.52) or HbA1c levels (r = 0.34, p = 0.08) were observed. However, in patients who did not receive exogenous epinephrine during resuscitation, changes in blood glucose correlated with changes in insulin (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) and glucagon (r = 0.65, p = 0.05) levels, demonstrating that lowering glucose values was associated with a simultaneous lowering of insulin and glucagon levels. Conclusions Hyperglycemia is common immediately after OHCA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. No clear hormonal mechanisms were observed to be linked to changes in glucose levels during the postresuscitation phase in the whole cohort. However, in patients without exogenous epinephrine treatment, the correlations between glycemic and hormonal changes were more obvious. These results call for future studies examining the mechanisms of postresuscitation hyperglycemia and the metabolic effects of the global ischemic insult and medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vihonen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Markku Kuisma
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Salo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Ångerman
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, University of Helsinki and Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Nurmi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Alharby H, Abdelati T, Rizk M, Youssef E, Gaber N, Moghazy K, Yafei S. Association of fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 with oxidative stress and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1077-1080. [PMID: 31336447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a gut hormone that beside its main function in glucose homeostasis may play a role as an anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic factor. The aim of this study was to estimate fasting total GLP-1 level in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and to determine its relation with oxidative stress and atherosclerotic vascular changes. METHODS The study included 60 T2DM male patients with age ≥40 and 30 healthy male subjects matched for age. All of them were subjected to measuring of fasting total GLP-1, 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α) as a marker of oxidative stress and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS Fasting total GLP-1 was not significantly different in diabetics in comparison with healthy subjects (p = 0.52). Fasting total GLP-1 was found to have significant negative correlations with both 8-iso PGF2α (p < 0.05) and CIMT (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Endogenous fasting GLP-1 appears to have anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic effects in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Alharby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Lipidology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Yemen.
| | - Talaat Abdelati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Lipidology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Rizk
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Eman Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Lipidology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Noha Gaber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Lipidology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Moghazy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Saeed Yafei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Lipidology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Yemen
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Borg MJ, Bound M, Grivell J, Sun Z, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Rayner CK, Wu T. Comparative effects of proximal and distal small intestinal administration of metformin on plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastric emptying after oral glucose, in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:640-647. [PMID: 30370686 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the lower gut, may be key to the anti-diabetic action of metformin. We evaluated whether administration of metformin into the distal, vs the proximal, small intestine would be more effective in lowering plasma glucose by stimulating glucagon-like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) and/or slowing gastric emptying (GE) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten diet-controlled T2DM patients were studied on three occasions. A transnasal catheter was positioned with proximal and distal infusion ports located 13 and 190 cm beyond the pylorus, respectively. Participants received infusions of (a) proximal + distal saline (control), (b) proximal metformin (1000 mg) + distal saline or (c) proximal saline + distal metformin (1000 mg) over 5 minutes, followed 60 minutes later by a glucose drink containing 50 g glucose and 150 mg 13 C-acetate. "Arterialized" venous blood and breath samples were collected over 3 hours for measurements of plasma glucose, GLP-1, insulin and glucagon, and GE, respectively. RESULTS Compared with control, both proximal and distal metformin reduced plasma glucose and augmented GLP-1 responses to oral glucose comparably (P < 0.05 each), without affecting plasma insulin or glucagon. GE was slower after proximal metformin than after control (P < 0.05) and tended to be slower after distal metformin, without any difference between proximal and distal metformin. CONCLUSIONS In diet-controlled T2DM patients, glucose-lowering via a single dose of metformin administered to the upper and lower gut was comparable and was associated with stimulation of GLP-1 and slowing of GE. These observations suggest that the site of gastrointestinal administration is not critical to the glucose-lowering capacity of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Borg
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Bound
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Grivell
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karen L Jones
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Pendharkar SA, Singh RG, Cervantes A, DeSouza SV, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Gut Hormone Responses to Mixed Meal Test in New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes After Acute Pancreatitis. Horm Metab Res 2019; 51:191-199. [PMID: 30572349 DOI: 10.1055/a-0802-9569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate gut hormone responses to mixed meal test in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (cases) compared with healthy controls, and the effect of body fat parameters. A total of 29 cases and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were given standard mixed meal drink and blood samples were collected to measure dipeptidyl peptidase IV, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon like peptide-1, insulin, oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY. Body fat parameters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Repeated measures and linear regression analyses were conducted in unadjusted and adjusted models. Gastric inhibitory peptide levels were significantly higher whereas oxyntomodulin levels were significantly lower in cases compared with controls in both the unadjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and adjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) models. In cases, liver fat % contributed up to 13.4% (vs. 2.9% in controls) to variance in circulating levels of gastric inhibitory peptide whereas body mass index - up to 20.8% (vs. 9.9% in controls) in circulating levels of oxyntomodulin. New-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis is characterised by increased levels of gastric inhibitory peptide and decreased levels of oxyntomodulin. Further, liver fat % and body mass index appear to be the body fat parameters that contribute most significantly to gastric inhibitory peptide and oxyntomodulin levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruma G Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aya Cervantes
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steve V DeSouza
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hasegawa T, Komagata M, Hamasaki A, Harada N, Seino Y, Inagaki N. Solid-phase extraction treatment is required for measurement of active glucagon-like peptide-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit affected by heterophilic antibodies. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:302-308. [PMID: 29993194 PMCID: PMC6400240 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION It is reported that interfering substances in the blood might influence the value for measurement of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in human plasma. Solid phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment is recommended to reduce their influence, but it requires a lot of cost and time. However, there is little investigation about causative inhibitory substances and about methods that can replace solid phase extraction. In the present study, we aimed to seek the candidate of the substances that might interfere with an active GLP-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two kinds of active GLP-1 ELISA kits using different antibodies, plural extraction carriers and elution solutions were used to evaluate the SPE method. Active GLP-1 concentration was compared with or without SPE, and with or without a heterophilic blocking tube. RESULTS Active GLP-1 values were often higher without SPE compared with those with SPE pretreatment. This difference was eliminated by pretreatment with a heterophilic blocking tube or ELISA kits that did not use a mouse monoclonal antibody, and was independent of SPE. CONCLUSIONS Substances absorbed to a heterophilic blocking tube carrier might interfere with an active GLP-1 immunoassay. Solid-phase extraction treatment is required for measurement of active GLP-1 by an ELISA kit affected by heterophilic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akihiro Hamasaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Diabetes and EndocrinologyTazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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106
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Larraufie P, Roberts GP, McGavigan AK, Kay RG, Li J, Leiter A, Melvin A, Biggs EK, Ravn P, Davy K, Hornigold DC, Yeo GSH, Hardwick RH, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Important Role of the GLP-1 Axis for Glucose Homeostasis after Bariatric Surgery. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1399-1408.e6. [PMID: 30726726 PMCID: PMC6367566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is widely used to treat obesity and improves type 2 diabetes beyond expectations from the degree of weight loss. Elevated post-prandial concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin are widely reported, but the importance of GLP-1 in post-bariatric physiology remains debated. Here, we show that GLP-1 is a major driver of insulin secretion after bariatric surgery, as demonstrated by blocking GLP-1 receptors (GLP1Rs) post-gastrectomy in lean humans using Exendin-9 or in mice using an anti-GLP1R antibody. Transcriptomics and peptidomics analyses revealed that human and mouse enteroendocrine cells were unaltered post-surgery; instead, we found that elevated plasma GLP-1 and PYY correlated with increased nutrient delivery to the distal gut in mice. We conclude that increased GLP-1 secretion after bariatric surgery arises from rapid nutrient delivery to the distal gut and is a key driver of enhanced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Larraufie
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Geoffrey P Roberts
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne K McGavigan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joyce Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Melvin
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma K Biggs
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Ravn
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Kathleen Davy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Hornigold
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard H Hardwick
- Cambridge Oesophago-gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Cho EY, Ryu JY, Lee HAR, Hong SH, Park HS, Hong KS, Park SG, Kim HP, Yoon TJ. Lecithin nano-liposomal particle as a CRISPR/Cas9 complex delivery system for treating type 2 diabetes. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:19. [PMID: 30696428 PMCID: PMC6350399 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-based Cas9 in vivo gene editing therapeutics have practical limitations owing to their instability and low efficacy. To overcome these obstacles and improve stability, we designed a nanocarrier primarily consisting of lecithin that can efficiently target liver disease and encapsulate complexes of Cas9 with a single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) ribonucleoprotein (Cas9-RNP) through polymer fusion self-assembly. RESULTS In this study, we optimized an sgRNA sequence specifically for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 gene (DPP-4) to modulate the function of glucagon-like peptide 1. We then injected our nanocarrier Cas9-RNP complexes directly into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) db/db mice, which disrupted the expression of DPP-4 gene in T2DM mice with remarkable efficacy. The decline in DPP-4 enzyme activity was also accompanied by normalized blood glucose levels, insulin response, and reduced liver and kidney damage. These outcomes were found to be similar to those of sitagliptin, the current chemical DPP-4 inhibition therapy drug which requires recurrent doses. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a nano-liposomal carrier system with therapeutic Cas9-RNP has great potential as a platform to improve genomic editing therapies for human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yi Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
- Moogene Medi Co. Ltd., Korea Bio Park, Daewangpangyo-ro 700, Seongnam, 13488 South Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Han A. Reum Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Shin Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119 South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119 South Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Hong Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
- Moogene Medi Co. Ltd., Korea Bio Park, Daewangpangyo-ro 700, Seongnam, 13488 South Korea
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Stote K, Corkum A, Sweeney M, Shakerley N, Kean T, Gottschall-Pass K. Postprandial Effects of Blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010202. [PMID: 30669469 PMCID: PMC6356777 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of blueberries, as well as the phenolic compounds they contain, may alter metabolic processes related to type 2 diabetes. The study investigated the effects of adding 140 g of blueberries to a higher-carbohydrate breakfast meal on postprandial glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal hormone response, and perceived appetite. As part of a randomized crossover design study, 17 healthy adults consumed a standardized higher-carbohydrate breakfast along with 2 treatments: (1) 140 g (1 cup) of whole blueberries and (2) a placebo gel (matched for calories, sugars, and fiber of the whole blueberries). Each subject participated in two 2-h meal tests on separate visits ≥8 days apart. Venous blood samples and perceived appetite ratings using visual analog scales were obtained prior to and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consuming the breakfast meals. Results show that glucose metabolism, several gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY) concentrations and perceived appetite did not change significantly with blueberry consumption. However, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0367), and the concentrations were higher during 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consumption of the blueberry breakfast meal than the placebo breakfast meal. Additional research is needed to determine whether blueberries and other flavonoid-rich foods reduce type 2 diabetes risk by modifying gastrointestinal hormones and perceived appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Stote
- Division of Science, Mathematics and Technology, State University of New York, Empire State College, 113 West Avenue, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Adele Corkum
- Departments of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Marva Sweeney
- Departments of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Nicole Shakerley
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Terri Kean
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Katherine Gottschall-Pass
- Departments of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Elbaz-Greener G, Bloch O, Kumets I, Blatt A, Rapoport MJ. Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 system response is impaired during ST-elevation myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:194-198. [PMID: 30084185 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion during acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in non-diabetic (ND) patients. Whether the endogenous GLP-1 system response is different in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during STEMI is unknown. Patients with STEMI (20 ND, 13 T2D) and 3 control groups (non-STEMI [14 ND, 13 T2D], stable angina pectoris [SAP] [8 ND, 10 T2D] patients and healthy subjects) (n = 25) were studied. Plasma levels of total and active GLP-1 and soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP4) were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on admission and at 24 and 48 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention in all patients. Sharply elevated levels of total and active GLP-1 were found in ND STEMI patients at 24 h (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively), but not in T2D STEMI patients. All patients demonstrated decreased sDPP4 levels compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0005) accompanied by increased active/total GLP-1 ratio regardless of their ischemic state. These data demonstrate that T2D patients fail to further upregulate their endogenous GLP-1 system during STEMI. This may underlie their worse cardiovascular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabby Elbaz-Greener
- Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Olga Bloch
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ilya Kumets
- Department "C" of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alex Blatt
- Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Micha J Rapoport
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
- Department "C" of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
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Feng RL, Qian C, Liu LY, Liu QJ, Jin YQ, Li SX, Liu W, Rayner CK, Ma J. Secretion of Gut Hormones and Expression of Sweet Taste Receptors and Glucose Transporters in a Rat Model of Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:190-198. [PMID: 30928977 PMCID: PMC6547286 DOI: 10.1159/000497122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to compare gut hormone secretion between high-fat-fed and control rats, and to examine the corresponding changes in the expression of sweet taste receptors and glucose transporters in the small intestine and hypothalamus. METHODS Four-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a standard or high-fat diet for 8 weeks (10 in each group), followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (50% glucose solution, 2 g/kg). Blood was sampled for glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and polypeptide YY (PYY) assays. One week later, small intestinal and hypothalamic tissue were analyzed for sweet taste receptor and glucose transporter expression by real-time PCR. RESULTS After oral glucose, plasma GLP-1 concentrations were higher in high-fat-fed than standard-fat-fed rats (group × time interaction, p < 0.01) with significant differences at t = 15 min (p < 0.01) and 30 min (p < 0.05). Plasma PYY concentrations were lower in high-fat-fed than control rats at t = 0, 15 min (p < 0.05, respectively) and 120 min (p < 0.01). There were no differences in the expression of sweet taste receptors or glucose transporters between high-fat-fed and control rats in the duodenum, ileum, or hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS Changes in GLP-1 and PYY secretion after a high-fat diet appear unrelated to any changes in the expression of sweet taste receptors or glucose transporters. Impaired PYY secretion with high-fat feeding suggests that PYY analogues may provide a potential therapy in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Lu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Yong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Jing Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qiu Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xian Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chris K Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
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Chung ST, Galvan-De La Cruz M, Aldana PC, Mabundo LS, DuBose CW, Onuzuruike AU, Walter M, Gharib AM, Courville AB, Sherman AS, Sumner AE. Postprandial Insulin Response and Clearance Among Black and White Women: The Federal Women's Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:181-192. [PMID: 30260396 PMCID: PMC6286409 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Postprandial hyperinsulinemia might be an important cardiometabolic risk determinant in black compared with white women. However, the contributions of insulin clearance and β-cell function to racial differences in postprandial insulin response are unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare, by race and menopause, early insulin response to oral and intravenous glucose and to measure postprandial intact glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations, insulin clearance, and β-cell function. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS 119 federally employed women without diabetes [87 premenopausal (52 black, 35 white) and 32 postmenopausal (19 black, 13 white)] underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose test (IM-FSIGT), and mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). OUTCOME MEASURES Early insulin response was measured as follows: (i) insulinogenic index (oral glucose tolerance test); (ii) acute insulin response to glucose (IM-FSIGT); and (iii) ratio of incremental insulin/glucose area under the curve in the first 30 minutes of the MMTT. Insulin clearance was assessed during the IM-FSIGT and MMTT. During the MMTT, intact GLP-1 was measured and β-cell function assessed using the insulin secretion rate and β-cell responsivity indexes. RESULTS Black pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women had a greater insulin response and lower insulin clearance and greater dynamic β-cell responsivity (P ≤ 0.05 for all). No differences were found in the total insulin secretion rates or intact GLP-1 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Greater postprandial hyperinsulinemia in black pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women was associated with lower hepatic insulin clearance and heightened β-cell capacity to rapid changes in glucose, but not to higher insulin secretion. The relationship of increased β-cell secretory capacity, reduced insulin clearance, and ambient hyperinsulinemia to the development of cardiometabolic disease requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Chung
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Stephanie T. Chung, MBBS, Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 5-3671, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. E-mail:
| | - Mirella Galvan-De La Cruz
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paola C Aldana
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lilian S Mabundo
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher W DuBose
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony U Onuzuruike
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Walter
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Arthur S Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anne E Sumner
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Al-Mana NM, Robertson MD. Acute Effect of Resistant Starch on Food Intake, Appetite and Satiety in Overweight/Obese Males. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121993. [PMID: 30558330 PMCID: PMC6316739 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have linked increased intake of dietary fibre to improvement in the management of body weight. Dietary fibre from resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have an impact on food intake in normal weight individuals, but its role in obesity is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of RS on appetite, satiety and postprandial metabolism in overweight/obese subjects. In this single-blind randomized crossover study, overweight/obese healthy males consumed a test breakfast and lunch containing either 48 g RS or a placebo. Postprandial qualitative appetite, glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 were measured every 30 min for 7 h. Energy intake values from an ad libitum dinner and for a 24-h period were assessed. Acute consumption of RS at breakfast/lunch significantly reduced the energy intake at the ad libitum dinner (p = 0.017). No significant effect over 24 h or qualitative feelings of satiety were observed. Significant treatment × time effects were found for postprandial glucose (p = 0.004) for RS compared to placebo, with a trend for higher C-peptide concentrations following RS. The postprandial insulin and GLP-1 responses were not significantly different. RS may indeed have short-term beneficial effects in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa M Al-Mana
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Denise Robertson
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK.
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Bozzetto L, Alderisio A, Clemente G, Giorgini M, Barone F, Griffo E, Costabile G, Vetrani C, Cipriano P, Giacco A, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. Gastrointestinal effects of extra-virgin olive oil associated with lower postprandial glycemia in type 1 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2645-2651. [PMID: 30567626 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible mechanisms behind the lower glycemic response observed when extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is added to a high-glycemic index meal in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS According to a randomized cross-over design, eleven T1D patients (6 women, 5 men) on insulin pump consumed in the metabolic ward, one week apart, three high-glycemic index meals differing only for amount and quality of fat: high-monounsaturated fat (EVOO), high-saturated fat (Butter), and low-fat (LF). Before and after the meals, blood glucose (continuous glucose monitoring), gastric emptying rate (ultrasound technique), and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GIP (ELISA), glucagon (RIA), and lipids (colorimetric assays) were evaluated. RESULTS Blood glucose iAUC (mmol/lx360 min) was lower after the EVOO (690 ± 431) than after the Butter (1320 ± 600) and LF meals (1007 ± 990) (M ± SD, p = 0.041 by repeated measures ANOVA). Gastric antrum volume was significantly larger in the early (60-90 min) postprandial phase (106 ± 21 vs. 90 ± 16 ml, p = 0.048) and significantly smaller in the late phase (330-360 min) (46 ± 10 vs. 57 ± 22 ml, p = 0.045) after the EVOO than after Butter meal. EVOO significantly increased postprandial GLP-1 iAUC (261 ± 311) compared to Butter (189 ± 349) (pmol/Lx180 min, p = 0.009). Postprandial GIP and glucagon responses were not significantly different between EVOO and Butter. Postprandial triglyceride iAUC was significantly higher after EVOO (100 ± 53) than after Butter (65 ± 60) (mmol/l × 360 min, p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Changes in gastric emptying and GLP-1 secretion and reduced glucose absorption through glucose-lipid competition may contribute to lower glycemia after a high-glycemic index meal with EVOO in T1D patients. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER NCT02330939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Alderisio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Clemente
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS), National Research Council, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marisa Giorgini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Griffo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Giacco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Diebold S, Moellmann J, Kahles F, Haj-Yehia E, Liehn EA, Nickel A, Lebherz C, Maack C, Marx N, Lehrke M. Myocardial infarction is sufficient to increase GLP-1 secretion, leading to improved left ventricular contractility and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2911-2918. [PMID: 30033664 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes rapid impairment of left ventricular function and requires a hypercontractile response of non-infarcted tissue areas to maintain haemodynamic stability. This compensatory adaptation is mediated by humoral, inflammatory and neuronal signals. GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with glucoregulatory and cardioprotective capacities and is secreted in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. Inactivation of GLP-1 is caused by the ubiquitously present enzyme DPP-4. In this study, circulating concentrations of GLP-1 were assessed after myocardial infarction and were evaluated in the light of metabolism, left ventricular contractility and mitochondrial function. Circulating GLP-1 concentrations were markedly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Experimental myocardial infarction by permanent LAD ligation proved sufficient to increase GLP-1 secretion in mice. This took place in a time-dependent manner, which coincided with the capacity of DPP-4 inhibition, by linagliptin, to augment left ventricular contractility in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner. Mechanistically, DPP-4 inhibition increased AMPK activity and stimulated the mitochondrial respiratory capacity of non-infarcted tissue areas. We describe a new functional relevance of inflammatory GLP-1 secretion for left ventricular contractility during myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Diebold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Moellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elias Haj-Yehia
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Lebherz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Sukumar N, Bagias C, Goljan I, Weldeselassie Y, Gharanei S, Tan BK, Holst JJ, Saravanan P. Reduced GLP-1 Secretion at 30 Minutes After a 75-g Oral Glucose Load Is Observed in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes 2018; 67:2650-2656. [PMID: 30232211 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels may be reduced in type 2 diabetes, but whether a similar impairment exists in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been established. We studied this in a prospective cohort study of pregnant women (n = 144) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GLP-1, glucose, and insulin were sampled at 30-min intervals during a 2-h 75-g OGTT, and indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated. In a nested case-control study, women with GDM (n = 19) had 12% lower total GLP-1 secretion area under the curve (AUC) compared with control subjects matched for age, ethnicity, and gestational age (n = 19), selected from within the lowest quartile of glucose120 min values in our cohort. GDM had lower GLP-1 response in the first 30 min (19% lower GLP-130 min and 17% lower AUC0-30 min) after adjustment for possible confounders. Their glucose levels began to diverge at 30 min of the OGTT with increasing insulin levels, and by 120 min, their insulin levels were three times higher. In a secondary cohort of 57 women that included "high-normal" glucose120 min values, low GLP-1 AUC0-30 min was independently associated with lower indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity. In conclusion, we have observed that women with GDM have lower GLP-1 response at 30 min of an OGTT and hyperglycemia at 120 min despite significant hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Sukumar
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Christos Bagias
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Ilona Goljan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Yonas Weldeselassie
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
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116
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Malin SK, Francois ME, Eichner NZM, Gilbertson NM, Heiston EM, Fabris C, Breton M. Impact of short-term exercise training intensity on β-cell function in older obese adults with prediabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1979-1986. [PMID: 30307821 PMCID: PMC6842889 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of work-matched exercise intensity on β-cell function is unknown in people with prediabetes before clinical weight loss. We determined if short-term moderate continuous (CONT) vs. high-intensity interval (INT) exercise increased β-cell function. Thirty-one subjects (age: 61.4 ± 2.5 yr; body mass index: 32.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2) with prediabetes [American Diabetes Association criteria, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] were randomized to work-matched CONT (70% HRpeak) or INT (3 min 90% HRpeak and 3 min 50% HRpeak) exercise for 60 min/day over 2 wk. A 75-g 2-h OGTT was conducted after an overnight fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids were determined for calculations of skeletal muscle [oral minimal model (OMM)], hepatic (homeostatic model of insulin resistance), and adipose (Adipose-IR) insulin sensitivity. β-Cell function was defined from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS, deconvolution modeling) and the disposition index (DI). Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 [GLP-1(active)] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were also measured during the OGTT, along with peak oxygen consumption and body composition. CONT and INT increased skeletal muscle- but not hepatic- or adipose-derived DI ( P < 0.05). Although both treatments tended to reduce fasting GLP-1(active) ( P = 0.08), early phase GLP-1(active) increased post-CONT and INT training ( P < 0.001). Interestingly, CONT exercise increased fasting GIP compared with decreases in INT ( P = 0.02). Early and total-phase skeletal muscle DI correlated with decreased total glucose area under the curve ( r = -0.52, P = 0.002 and r = -0.50, P = 0.003, respectively). Independent of intensity, short-term training increased pancreatic function adjusted to skeletal muscle in relation to improved glucose tolerance in adults with prediabetes. Exercise also uniquely affected GIP and GLP-1(active). Further work is needed to elucidate the dose-dependent mechanism(s) by which exercise impacts glycemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise is cornerstone for reducing blood glucose, but whether high-intensity interval training is better than moderate continuous exercise is unclear in people with prediabetes before weight loss. We show that 2 wk of exercise training, independent of intensity, increased pancreatic function in relation to elevated glucagon-like polypeptide-1 secretion. Furthermore, β-cell function, but not insulin sensitivity, was also correlated with improved glucose tolerance. These data suggest that β-cell function is a strong predictor of glycemia regardless of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Monique E Francois
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Natalie Z M Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nicole M Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Chiara Fabris
- Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marc Breton
- Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Emfinger CH, Yan Z, Welscher A, Hung P, McAllister W, Hruz PW, Nichols CG, Remedi MS. Contribution of systemic inflammation to permanence of K ATP-induced neonatal diabetes in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1121-E1132. [PMID: 30226997 PMCID: PMC6336961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00137.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels cause neonatal diabetes. Despite the well-established genetic root of the disease, pathways modulating disease severity and treatment effectiveness remain poorly understood. Patient phenotypes can vary from severe diabetes to remission, even in individuals with the same mutation and within the same family, suggesting that subtle modifiers can influence disease outcome. We have tested the underlying mechanism of transient vs. permanent neonatal diabetes in KATP-GOF mice treated for 14 days with glibenclamide. Some KATP-GOF mice show remission of diabetes and enhanced insulin sensitivity long after diabetes treatment has ended, while others maintain severe insulin-resistance. However, insulin sensitivity is not different between the two groups before or during diabetes induction, suggesting that improved sensitivity is a consequence, rather than the cause of, remission, implicating other factors modulating glucose early in diabetes progression. Leptin, glucagon, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 are not different between remitters and nonremitters. However, liver glucose production is significantly reduced before transgene induction in remitter, relative to nonremitter and nontreated, mice. Surprisingly, while subsequent remitter animals exhibited normal serum cytokines, nonremitter mice showed increased cytokines, which paralleled the divergence in blood glucose. Together, these results suggest that systemic inflammation may play a role in the remitting versus non-remitting outcome. Supporting this conclusion, treatment with the anti-inflammatory meloxicam significantly increased the fraction of remitting animals. Beyond neonatal diabetes, the potential for inflammation and glucose production to exacerbate other forms of diabetes from a compensated state to a glucotoxic state should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Emfinger
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alecia Welscher
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Hung
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul W Hruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
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118
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Tan SY, Siow PC, Peh E, Henry CJ. Influence of rice, pea and oat proteins in attenuating glycemic response of sugar-sweetened beverages. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2795-2803. [PMID: 28965176 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liquids have higher ingestion and gastric-emptying rates, resulting in rapid glycemic response. They are also less satiating than solid foods. This study examined if the addition of plant proteins alter postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glycogen-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and appetitive responses to a sugar-sweetened beverage. METHODS This was a randomized, crossover acute feeding study consisting of four treatments: chocolate beverage alone (50 g carbohydrate), or added with 24 g oat, pea or rice proteins. Twenty Chinese males (mean ± SD age 26 ± 5 years; body mass index 21.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2) ingested the test drink after an overnight fast. Venous blood samples and subjective appetite ratings were collected before test beverage and at fixed intervals for 180 min. Blood biochemical data and appetite ratings were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Significant interaction effects were found in postprandial glucose excursions (time × protein effects, p = 0.003). Glucose iAUC was lower in pea and rice proteins, although not significantly (p > 0.385). Insulin iAUC was significantly higher in the oat (p = 0.035) and pea (p = 0.036) protein beverages. GIP and GLP-1 release in a sub-sample (n = 10) followed a comparable order as insulin release (p = 0.397 and 0.454, respectively). Significant interaction effects were found in fullness ratings (p = 0.024), and a trend of greater suppression of hunger and desire-to-eat was also documented (p = 0.088 and 0.080, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plant proteins altered the glycemic and appetitive responses of Asian males to a sugar-sweetened beverage. Food-based interventions are useful in promoting glycemic control. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02933424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Yen Tan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phei Ching Siow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Peh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Takahashi M, Ozaki M, Kang MI, Sasaki H, Fukazawa M, Iwakami T, Lim PJ, Kim HK, Aoyama S, Shibata S. Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111763. [PMID: 30441841 PMCID: PMC6266071 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism, including the incretin response and metabolites in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy young men completed two trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60 and 120 min after meal provision in a random order: (1) morning (~0900 h) and (2) evening (~1700 h). The blood metabolome of eight participants was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Postprandial glucose concentrations at 120 min (p = 0.030) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (p = 0.005) at 60 min in the evening trials were higher than those in the morning trials. The incremental area under the curve values of five glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleotide-related metabolites and 18 amino acid-related metabolites were higher in the morning trials than those in the evening trials (p < 0.05). Partial least-squares analysis revealed that the total metabolic change was higher in the morning. Our study demonstrates that a meal in the evening exacerbates the state of postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. In addition, this study provides insight into the difference of incretion and blood metabolites between breakfast and dinner, indicating that the total metabolic responses tends to be higher in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Waseda University, Singapore 138667, Singapore.
| | - Mamiho Ozaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
| | - Moon-Il Kang
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Tokyo 1040033, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
- AIST-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), Tokyo 1690072, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
| | - Tamao Iwakami
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
| | - Pei Jean Lim
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Waseda University, Singapore 138667, Singapore.
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
| | - Shinya Aoyama
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1628480, Japan.
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Cazzo E, Pareja JC, Chaim EA, Coy CSR, Magro DO. Glucagon-Like Peptides 1 and 2 Are Involved in Satiety Modulation After Modified Biliopancreatic Diversion: Results of a Pilot Study. Obes Surg 2018; 28:506-512. [PMID: 28808865 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to evaluate the influence of modified biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) on the levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 and correlate them with satiety regulation. METHODS This is a pilot prospective cohort study that evaluated six mildly obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which underwent modified BPD and were followed-up for 12 months. Levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 after a standard meal tolerance test were determined and correlated with satiety scores obtained by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS There were significant changes in BMI (33 ± 2.2 versus 26.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2; p < 0.001), HbA1c (7.9 ± 1.6 versus 5.8 ± 1.2%; p = 0.026), total cholesterol (172.3 ± 11.1 versus 134.7 ± 16.1 mg/dL; p < 0.001), LDL-c (103.3 ± 13 versus 64.6 ± 12.2 mg/dL; p < 0.001), and postprandial GLP-2 (972.7 ± 326.2 versus 1993.2 ± 1024.7; p = 0. 044). None of the scores obtained in the VAS significantly changed after surgery. After surgery, there were significant correlations of VAS scores and GLP-1 levels in question 01 ("how hungry do you feel?"; R = -0.928; p = .008) and GLP-2 levels in questions 02 ("how full do you feel?" R = 0.943; p = 0.005) and 04 ("how much do you think you can eat now? R = -0.829; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Modified BPD does not lead to significant changes in satiety evaluated by the VAS; different aspects of satiety regulation are correlated with the postprandial levels of GLP-1 (hunger feeling) and GLP-2 (satiation feeling and desire to eat) 1 year after modified BPD, signaling a specific postoperative gut hormone-related modulation of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Cazzo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming, s/n, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13085-000, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Pareja
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming, s/n, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13085-000, Brazil
| | - Elinton Adami Chaim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming, s/n, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13085-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming, s/n, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13085-000, Brazil
| | - Daniéla Oliveira Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Alexander Fleming, s/n, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13085-000, Brazil
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Amin A, Neophytou C, Thein S, Martin NM, Alamshah A, Spreckley E, Bloom SR, Murphy KG. L-Arginine Increases Postprandial Circulating GLP-1 and PYY Levels in Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1721-1726. [PMID: 30358156 PMCID: PMC6220957 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The satiating effect of protein compared with other nutrients has been well described and is thought to be mediated, in part, by gut hormone release. Previously, it has been shown that oral L-arginine acts as a GLP-1 secretagogue both in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Here, the effect of L-arginine on gut hormone release in humans was investigated. METHODS The hypothesis was tested in two separate studies. The first study assessed the tolerability of oral L-arginine in healthy human subjects. The second study assessed the effect of oral L-arginine on gut hormone release following an ad libitum meal. Subjects were given L-arginine, glycine (control amino acid), or vehicle control in a randomized double-blind fashion. RESULTS At a dose of 17.1 mmol, L-arginine was well tolerated and stimulated the release of plasma GLP-1 (P < 0.05) and PYY (P < 0.001) following an ad libitum meal. Food diaries showed a trend toward lower energy intake and particularly fat intake following L-arginine treatment. CONCLUSIONS L-arginine can significantly elevate GLP-1 and PYY in healthy human volunteers in combination with a meal. Further work is required to investigate whether L-arginine may have utility in the suppression of appetite and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Amin
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christina Neophytou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shermaine Thein
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niamh M Martin
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amin Alamshah
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eleanor Spreckley
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kevin G. Murphy
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Milan AM, Hodgkinson AJ, Mitchell SM, Prodhan UK, Prosser CG, Carpenter EA, Fraser K, Cameron-Smith D. Digestive Responses to Fortified Cow or Goat Dairy Drinks: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101492. [PMID: 30322081 PMCID: PMC6213413 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fortified milk drinks are predominantly manufactured from bovine (cow) sources. Alternative formulations include those prepared with hydrolysed bovine milk proteins or from alternate bovidae species, such as caprine (goat) milk. Currently, there is little data on protein digestive and metabolic responses following ingestion of fortified milk drinks. To examine the digestive and metabolic responses to commercially-available fortified milks, young adults (n = 15 males: 15 females), in a randomised sequence, ingested isonitrogenous quantities of whole cow-protein (WC), whole goat-protein (WG), or partially-hydrolysed whey cow-protein (HC), commercial fortified milks. Plasma amino acid (AA) and hormonal responses were measured at baseline and again at 5 h after ingestion. Paracetamol recovery, breath hydrogen, and subjective digestive responses were also measured. Postprandial plasma AA was similar between WC and WG, while AA appearance was suppressed with HC. Following HC, there was a negative incremental AUC in plasma branched-chain AAs. Further, HC had delayed gastric emptying, increased transit time, and led to exaggerated insulin and GLP-1 responses, in comparison to whole protein formulas. Overall, WC and WG had similar protein and digestive responses with no differences in digestive comfort. Contrastingly, HC led to delayed gastric emptying, attenuated AA appearance, and a heightened circulating insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Alison J Hodgkinson
- Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Utpal K Prodhan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
| | - Colin G Prosser
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., 18 Gallagher Dr, Melville, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth A Carpenter
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., 18 Gallagher Dr, Melville, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Fraser
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Mátis G, Kulcsár A, Mackei M, Petrilla J, Neogrády Z. Comparative study on the modulation of incretin and insulin homeostasis by butyrate in chicken and rabbit. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205512. [PMID: 30308056 PMCID: PMC6181377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic secretion of insulin, a key endocrine regulator of metabolism and growth, can be greatly influenced by the gut-derived incretin hormones, namely by GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide) and GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide 1). As insulin is a major stimulator of growth, affecting its producion may be of special importance in food-producing livestock. The aim of the present study was to investigate novel ways of modulating incretin and insulin homeostasis in chickens and rabbits by nutrition, e.g. by oral butyrate application, also studying the mechanisms of incretin action in both species as a comparative approach. Acute oral butyrate challenge significantly decreased plasma GIP levels by approx. 40% in both species: significant interactions of butyrate exposure and incubation time were found in both chickens (P = 0.038 and P = 0.034 at 30 and 60 min following butyrate ingestion [1.25 g/kg BW], respectively) and rabbits (P = 0.036 and P = 0.039 at 30 and 60 min after butyrate ingestion [0.25 g/kg BW], respectively), while plasma GLP-1, insulin and glucose concentrations remained unaffected by butyrate in both species over time. These results are in contrast to butyrate’s stimulating effect on both incretin and insulin secretion in mice, indicating specific, species-dependent differences even among mammalian species. Further, based on the analyzed correlations between the measured endocrine parameters (regardless of the butyrate exposure), it can be assumed that incretins may regulate pancreatic insulin release in rabbits on a partly different way compared to mice, humans and chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Kulcsár
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janka Petrilla
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, Hungary
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Meyer-Gerspach AC, Ly HG, Borgwardt S, Dupont P, Beglinger C, Van Oudenhove L, Wölnerhanssen BK. Endogenous GLP-1 alters postprandial functional connectivity between homeostatic and reward-related brain regions involved in regulation of appetite in healthy lean males: A pilotstudy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2330-2338. [PMID: 29790260 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Peripheral infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can affect brain activity in areas involved in the regulation of appetite, including hypothalamic and reward-related brain regions. In contrast, the physiological role of endogenous GLP-1 in the central regulation of appetite has hardly been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, cross-over trial that involved 12 healthy volunteers who received an intragastric (ig) glucose (gluc) load, with or without intravenous (iv) exendin9-39 (ex9-39; specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the effect of endogenous GLP-1 on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between homeostatic and reward-related brain regions. Visual analogue scales were used to rate appetite-related sensations. Blood samples were collected for GI hormone measurements. RESULTS Administration of iv-ex9-39/ig-gluc induced a significantly higher rsFC, relative to ig-gluc administration, between the hypothalamus and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as the left amygdala (P ≤ .001, respectively). Administration of iv-ex9-39/ig-gluc induced a significantly higher rsFC, relative to ig-gluc administration, between the right nucleus accumbens and the right lateral OFC (P < .001). Administration of iv-ex9-39/ig-gluc induced a significantly lower rsFC, relative to ig-gluc administration, between the midbrain and the right caudate nucleus (P = .001). Administration of ig-gluc significantly decreased prospective food consumption and increased sensations of fullness compared to pre-infusion baseline (P = .028 and P = .019, respectively); these effects were not present in the iv-ex9-39/ig-gluc condition. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial provides preliminary experimental evidence that glucose-induced endogenous GLP-1 affects central regulation of appetite by modulating rsFC in homeostatic and reward-related brain regions in healthy lean male participants in a GLP-1 receptor-mediated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach
- St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huynh Giao Ly
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Little TJ, Cvijanovic N, DiPatrizio NV, Argueta DA, Rayner CK, Feinle-Bisset C, Young RL. Plasma endocannabinoid levels in lean, overweight, and obese humans: relationships to intestinal permeability markers, inflammation, and incretin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E489-E495. [PMID: 29438631 PMCID: PMC6230711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00355.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also alter the intestinal microbiome in association with enhanced intestinal permeability and inflammation; however, little is known of these effects in humans. This study aimed to 1) evaluate effects of lipid on plasma anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), and OEA in humans; and 2) examine relationships to intestinal permeability, inflammation markers, and incretin hormone secretion. Twenty lean, 18 overweight, and 19 obese participants underwent intraduodenal Intralipid infusion (2 kcal/min) with collection of endoscopic duodenal biopsies and blood. Plasma AEA, 2-AG, and OEA (HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (multiplex), and duodenal expression of occludin, zona-occludin-1 (ZO-1), intestinal-alkaline-phosphatase (IAP), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (by RT-PCR) were assessed. Fasting plasma AEA was increased in obese compared with lean and overweight patients ( P < 0.05), with no effect of BMI group or ID lipid infusion on plasma 2-AG or OEA. Duodenal expression of IAP and ZO-1 was reduced in obese compared with lean ( P < 0.05), and these levels related negatively to plasma AEA ( P < 0.05). The iAUC for AEA was positively related to iAUC GIP ( r = 0.384, P = 0.005). Obese individuals have increased plasma AEA and decreased duodenal expression of ZO-1 and IAP compared with lean and overweight subjects. The relationships between plasma AEA with duodenal ZO-1, IAP, and GIP suggest that altered endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation, and incretin release in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Little
- University of Adelaide School of Medicine , Adelaide , Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Nada Cvijanovic
- University of Adelaide School of Medicine , Adelaide , Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- University of Adelaide School of Medicine , Adelaide , Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- University of Adelaide School of Medicine , Adelaide , Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Richard L Young
- University of Adelaide School of Medicine , Adelaide , Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
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Abstract
This supplement was funded by Novo Nordisk. McGill has received grants and personal fees from Novo Nordisk; grants from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Lexicon, and Pfizer; and personal fees from Intarcia, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, Mannkind, Bayer, and Merck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet McGill
- 1 Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
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Hochkogler CM, Hoi JK, Lieder B, Müller N, Hans J, Widder S, Ley JP, Somoza V. Cinnamyl Isobutyrate Decreases Plasma Glucose Levels and Total Energy Intake from a Standardized Breakfast: A Randomized, Crossover Intervention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701038. [PMID: 30133134 PMCID: PMC6175204 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cinnamon is associated with anti-obesity effects, regulating food intake, improving plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles in vivo. In the present study, the impact of cinnamyl isobutyrate (CIB), one constituent of cinnamon, on ad libitum food intake from a standardized breakfast and outcome measures of hormonal regulation of appetite were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, short-term crossover intervention study, a 75 g per 300 mL glucose solution solely (control) or supplemented with 0.45 mg CIB was administered to 26 healthy volunteers. Prior to and 2 h after receiving control or CIB treatment, subjective hunger perceptions were rated using a visual analog scale. Food intake from a standardized breakfast was assessed 2 h after treatments. Plasma peptide YY3-36 , glucagon-like-peptide1, ghrelin, and serotonin as well as plasma glucose and insulin were measured in blood samples drawn at fasting and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after treatment. CIB administration decreased total energy intake and delta area under curve plasma glucose by 4.64 ± 3.51% and 49.3 ± 18.5% compared to control treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CIB, administered at a 0.45 mg bolus in 75 g glucose-water solution, decreased ad libitum energy intake from a standardized breakfast and postprandial plasma glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Hochkogler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Julia K. Hoi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Nicole Müller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Joachim Hans
- Symrise AGMuehlenfeldstraße 137603HolzmindenGermany
| | | | - Jakob P. Ley
- Symrise AGMuehlenfeldstraße 137603HolzmindenGermany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
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128
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Douros JD, Lewis AG, Smith EP, Niu J, Capozzi M, Wittmann A, Campbell J, Tong J, Wagner C, Mahbod P, Seeley R, D'Alessio DA. Enhanced Glucose Control Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Does Not Require a β-Cell Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor. Diabetes 2018; 67:1504-1511. [PMID: 29759973 PMCID: PMC6054432 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgeries, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), resolve diabetes in 40-50% of patients. Studies examining the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have centered on the role of the insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), in great part because of the ∼10-fold rise in its circulating levels after surgery. However, there is currently debate over the role of direct β-cell signaling by GLP-1 to mediate improved glucose tolerance following surgery. In order to assess the importance of β-cell GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) for improving glucose control after VSG, a mouse model of this procedure was developed and combined with a genetically modified mouse line allowing an inducible, β-cell-specific Glp1r knockdown (Glp1rβ-cell-ko). Mice with VSG lost ∼20% of body weight over 30 days compared with sham-operated controls and had a ∼60% improvement in glucose tolerance. Isolated islets from VSG mice had significantly greater insulin responses to glucose than controls. Glp1r knockdown in β-cells caused glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice compared with obese controls, but VSG improved glycemic profiles to similar levels during oral and intraperitoneal glucose challenges in Glp1rβ-cell-ko and Glp1rWT mice. Therefore, even though the β-cell GLP-1R seems to be important for maintaining glucose tolerance in obese mice, in these experiments it is dispensable for the improvement in glucose tolerance after VSG. Moreover, the metabolic physiology activated by VSG can overcome the deficits in glucose regulation caused by lack of β-cell GLP-1 signaling in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Douros
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Alfor G Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric P Smith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - JingJing Niu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Megan Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - April Wittmann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jenny Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Constance Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Parinaz Mahbod
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Randy Seeley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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129
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Andersen ES, Lund A, Bagger JI, Andreasen C, Grøndahl MF, Deacon CF, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T. Is glucagon-like peptide-1 fully protected by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin when administered to patients with type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1937-1943. [PMID: 29654643 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity and its protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) using the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin. METHODS On four separate days, patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 8; age: 59.9 ±10.8 [mean ±SD] years; body mass index [BMI]: 28.8 ±4.6 kg/m2 ; glycated haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 43.1 ±0.5 mmol/mol [6.6% ±1.7%]) received a 380-minute continuous intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (1.0 pmol × kg bodyweight-1 × minutes-1 ) and a double-blind, single-dose oral administration of sitagliptin in doses of 0 (placebo), 25, 100 and 200 mg. RESULTS Plasma DPP-4 activity decreased compared to baseline (placebo) with increasing doses of sitagliptin (P < .01), reaching a maximal inhibition with the 100 mg dose. Levels of intact GLP-1 increased with increasing doses of sitagliptin from placebo to 100 mg (area under curve [AUC] 7.2 [95%, CI; 12.1, 16.4] [placebo], 10.7 [16.1, 21.4] [25 mg], 11.7 [17.8, 23.6] [100 mg] nmol/L × 360 minutes [P < .01]), but no further increase in intact GLP-1 levels was observed with 200 mg of sitagliptin (11.5 [17.6, 23.4] nmol/L × 360 minutes) (P = .80). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the sitagliptin dose of 100 mg is sufficient to inhibit both plasma and membrane-bound DPP-4 activity, presumably also leading to complete protection of endogenous GLP-1 in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S Andersen
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger Lund
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan I Bagger
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Andreasen
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus F Grøndahl
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolyn F Deacon
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stenlid R, Manell H, Halldin M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manukyan L, Weghuber D, Paulmichl K, Zsoldos F, Bergsten P, Forslund A. High DPP-4 Concentrations in Adolescents Are Associated With Low Intact GLP-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2958-2966. [PMID: 29850829 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) metabolizes glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and increased DPP4 levels are associated with obesity and visceral adiposity in adults. OBJECTIVE Investigating DPP-4 levels in adolescents and their association with (1) circulating intact GLP-1 levels and glucose tolerance; (2) body mass index (BMI); and (3) visceral, subcutaneous, and liver fat compartments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, July 2012 to April 2015. SETTING Pediatric obesity clinic, Uppsala University Hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents with obesity (n = 59) and lean controls (n = 21) aged 8 to 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI SD score, fasting plasma concentrations of DPP-4, total and intact GLP-1, fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) concentrations of glucose, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes and liver fat fraction. RESULTS Plasma DPP-4 levels decreased with age in both obese (41 ng/mL per year) and lean subjects (48 ng/mL per year). Plasma DPP-4 levels were higher in males in both the obesity and lean groups. With adjustments for age and sex, plasma DPP-4 level was negatively associated with intact GLP-1 at fasting (β = -12.3; 95% CI: -22.9, -1.8) and during OGTT (β = -12.1; 95% CI: -22.5, -1.7). No associations were found between DPP-4 and plasma glucose levels measured at fasting or after a 2-hour OGTT. Plasma DPP-4 level was 19% higher in obese subjects. Among adipose tissue compartments, the strongest association was with VAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, high plasma DPP-4 concentrations were associated with low proportions of intact GLP-1, high BMI, young age, and male sex. The observed associations are compatible with increased metabolism of GLP-1 in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Paulmichl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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131
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Astiarraga B, Chueire VB, Souza AL, Pereira-Moreira R, Monte Alegre S, Natali A, Tura A, Mari A, Ferrannini E, Muscelli E. Effects of acute NEFA manipulation on incretin-induced insulin secretion in participants with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1829-1837. [PMID: 29732475 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Incretin effect-the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release induced by the oral vs the i.v. route-is impaired in dysglycaemic states. Despite evidence from human islet studies that NEFA interfere with incretin function, little information is available about the effect in humans. We tested the impact of acute bidirectional NEFA manipulation on the incretin effect in humans. METHODS Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and ten non-diabetic volunteers had a 3 h OGTT, and, a week later, an i.v. isoglycaemic glucose infusion (ISO; OGTT matched). Both pairs of studies were repeated during an exogenous lipid infusion in the non-diabetic volunteers, and following acipimox administration (to inhibit lipolysis) in people with diabetes. Mathematical modelling of insulin secretion dynamics assessed total insulin secretion (TIS), beta cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS), glucose-induced potentiation (PGLU) and incretin-induced potentiation (PINCR); the oral glucose sensitivity index was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Lipid infusion increased TIS (from 61 [interquartile range 26] to 78 [31] nmol/m2 on OGTT and from 29 nmol/m2 [26] to 57 nmol/m2 [30] on ISO) and induced insulin resistance. PINCR decreased from 1.6 [1.1] to 1.3 [0.1] (p < 0.05). β-GS, PGLU and glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses were unaffected. Acipimox (lowering NEFA by ~55%) reduced plasma glucose and TIS and enhanced insulin sensitivity, but did not change β-GS, PINCR, PGLU or glucagon, GLP-1 or GIP responses. As the per cent difference, incretin effect was decreased in non-diabetic participants and unchanged in those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Raising NEFA selectively impairs incretin effect and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic individuals, while acute NEFA reduction lowers plasma glucose and enhances insulin sensitivity in people with diabetes but does not correct the impaired incretin-induced potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno Astiarraga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valéria B Chueire
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aglécio L Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Monte Alegre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ele Ferrannini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Savi, 10, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elza Muscelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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132
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Voronova V, Zhudenkov K, Penland RC, Boulton DW, Helmlinger G, Peskov K. Exenatide effects on gastric emptying rate and the glucose rate of appearance in plasma: A quantitative assessment using an integrative systems pharmacology model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2034-2038. [PMID: 29663628 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the effect of the immediate release (IR) of exenatide, a short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), on gastric emptying rate (GER) and the glucose rate of appearance (GluRA), and evaluate the influence of drug characteristics and food-related factors on postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) stabilization under GLP-1RA treatment. A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach was used, and the proposed model was based on data from published sources including: (1) GLP-1 and exenatide plasma concentration-time profiles; (2) GER estimates under placebo, GLP-1 or exenatide IR dosing; and (3) GluRA measurements upon food intake. According to the model's predictions, the recommended twice-daily 5- and 10-μg exenatide IR treatment is associated with GluRA flattening after morning and evening meals (48%-49%), whereas the midday GluRA peak is affected to a lesser degree (5%-30%) due to lower plasma drug concentrations. This effect was dose-dependent and influenced by food carbohydrate content, but not by the lag time between exenatide injection and meal ingestion. Hence, GER inhibition by exenatide IR represents an important additional mechanism of its effect on PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert C Penland
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - David W Boulton
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Gabriel Helmlinger
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
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Giezenaar C, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Hutchison AT, Lange K, Hausken T, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Chapman I, Soenen S. Effect of gender on the acute effects of whey protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses in healthy young adults. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:40. [PMID: 30006513 PMCID: PMC6045591 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Protein supplements, usually drinks rich in whey protein, are used widely for weight loss purposes in overweight adults. Information comparing the effects of whey protein on appetite and energy intake in men and women is limited. The objective was to compare the acute effects of whey-protein intake on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormones in healthy young men and women. SUBJECTS/METHODS Gastric emptying (3D-ultrasonography), blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0-180 min), appetite (visual analogue scales), and ad libitum energy intake from a buffet meal (180-210 min) were determined after ingestion of 30 g (120 kcal) or 70 g (280 kcal) whey protein, or a flavoured-water control drink (~2 kcal) in 8 healthy young men (25 ± 2 y, 72 ± 3 kg, 23 ± 1 kg/m2) and 8 women (23 ± 1 y, 64 ± 2 kg, 24 ± 0.4 kg/m2). RESULTS There was a protein-load effect on gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, CCK, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations, and perceptions of hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake (average decrease of 206 ± 39 kcal (15 ± 2%) for men and of 46 ± 54 kcal (0 ± 26%) for women for the mean of the intakes after the 30 and 70 g whey-protein loads) and hunger were suppressed more by whey-protein ingestion in men than women (P = 0.046). There was no difference in suppression of energy intake between the 30 and 70 g protein loads (P = 0.75, interaction effect P = 0.19). Consequently, total energy intake (protein drink plus buffet meal) increased more compared to control in women than men (P = 0.010). The drinks emptied more slowly, and plasma glucagon, CCK and GLP-1 increased less after the protein drinks, in women than men (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The acute effects of whey protein ingestion on appetite, energy intake, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses are influenced by gender in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giezenaar
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kylie Lange
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen L Jones
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Chapman
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stijn Soenen
- Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Matos VAF, Souza DC, Santos VOA, Medeiros ÍF, Browne RAV, Nascimento PRP, Marinho CSR, Serquiz AC, Costa EC, Fayh APT. Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on GLP-1, Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Men: A Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070889. [PMID: 30002304 PMCID: PMC6073197 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), appetite and energy intake (EI) in obese men. In a randomized crossover trial, 12 participants (28.4 ± 2.6 years, 35.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 39.8 ± 2.2% body fat) performed: (I) Control (CON, no exercise); (II) MICE (20 min, 70% of maximal heart rate) and (III) HIIE (10 × 1 min at 90% of maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery). GLP-1 and appetite were assessed at: (I) PRE: pre-exercise; (II) POST: immediately post-exercise; (III) POST-1 h: 1 h post-exercise. EI was assessed after an ad libitum meal offered 1 h post-exercise and over 24 h. There was a significant time × condition interaction for GLP-1 (p = 0.035). Higher GLP-1 levels in MICE vs. CON (p = 0.024) and a trend for HIIE vs. CON (p = 0.069) POST-1h was found. Hunger was reduced immediately post-HIIE compared to CON (p < 0.01), but was not sustained POST-1 h (p > 0.05). EI did not differ between the sessions 1 h post-exercise or over 24H (p > 0.05). In summary, although MICE increased GLP-1 levels POST-1h and HIIE induced a transient reduction in hunger, both exercise protocols did not impact EI in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A F Matos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniel C Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Victor O A Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo F Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A V Browne
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R P Nascimento
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane S R Marinho
- Health Science College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 9200-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre C Serquiz
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
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de Jesús Garduno-Garcia J, Gastaldelli A, DeFronzo RA, Lertwattanarak R, Holst JJ, Musi N. Older Subjects With β-Cell Dysfunction Have an Accentuated Incretin Release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2613-2619. [PMID: 29672742 PMCID: PMC6669818 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin secretion (IS) declines with age, which increases the risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults. IS is regulated by the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Here we tested the hypotheses that incretin release is lower in older adults and that this decline is associated with β-cell dysfunction. RESEARCH DESIGN A total of 40 young (25 ± 3 years) and 53 older (74 ± 7 years) lean nondiabetic subjects underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Based on the OGTT, subjects were divided into three groups: young subjects with normal glucose tolerance (Y-NGT; n = 40), older subjects with normal glucose tolerance (O-NGT; n = 32), and older subjects with IGT (O-IGT; n = 21). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations were measured every 15 to 30 minutes. We quantitated insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and insulin secretory rate (ISR) by deconvolution of C-peptide with the calculation of β-cell glucose sensitivity. RESULTS Matsuda index, early phase ISR (0 to 30 minutes), and parameters of β-cell function were lower in O-IGT than in Y-NGT subjects but not in O-NGT subjects. GLP-1 concentrations were elevated in both older groups [GLP-1 area under the curve (AUC)0-120 was 2.8 ± 0.1 in Y-NGT, 3.8 ± 0.5 in O-NGT, and 3.7 ± 0.4 nmol/L∙120 minutes in O-IGT subjects; P < 0.05], whereas GIP secretion was higher in O-NGT than in Y-NGT subjects (GIP AUC0-120 was 4.7 ± 0.3 in Y-NGT, 6.0 ± 0.4 in O-NGT, and 4.8 ± 0.3 nmol/L∙120 minutes in O-IGT subjects; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Aging is associated with an exaggerated GLP-1 secretory response. However, it was not sufficient to increase insulin first-phase release in O-IGT and overcome insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Garduno-Garcia
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Nicolas Musi, MD, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78245. E-mail: ; or Amalia Gastaldelli, PhD, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Raweewan Lertwattanarak
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Nicolas Musi
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Nicolas Musi, MD, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78245. E-mail: ; or Amalia Gastaldelli, PhD, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy. E-mail:
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Coutinho SR, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Kulseng B, Martins C. Impact of weight loss achieved through a multidisciplinary intervention on appetite in patients with severe obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E91-E98. [PMID: 29360396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00322.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) on appetite in patients with obesity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term impact of WL achieved by diet and exercise on appetite in patients with obesity. Thirty-five (22 females) adults with severe obesity (body mass index: 42.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2) underwent a 2-yr WL program focusing on diet and exercise. Body weight (BW), cardiovascular fitness (V̇o2max), appetite feelings, and plasma concentrations of insulin, active ghrelin (AG), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK), in the fasting and postprandial states, were measured at baseline (B), week 4 (W4), and 1 and 2 yr (and average values for all fasting and postprandial time points computed). BW was significantly reduced and V̇o2max (ml·kg-1·min-1) increased at all time points compared with B (3.5, 8.1, and 8.4% WL and 7, 11, and 8% increase at W4 and 1 and 2 yr, respectively). Basal hunger and average hunger and desire to eat were significantly increased at 1 and 2 yr. Basal fullness was significantly increased at W4, and average ratings were reduced at 1 yr. Average AG and PYY were significantly increased, and insulin was reduced, at all time points compared with B. Average GLP-1 was reduced at W4, and CCK was increased at 2 yr. After lifestyle-induced WL, patients with severe obesity will, therefore, have to deal with increased hunger in the long term. In conclusion, sustained WL at 2 yr achieved with diet and exercise is associated with increased hunger feelings and ghrelin concentration but also increased postprandial concentrations of satiety hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Coutinho
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
- Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - J F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - J J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - B Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
- Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - C Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
- Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
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de Bem GF, Costa CA, Santos IB, Cristino Cordeiro VDS, de Carvalho LCRM, de Souza MAV, Soares RDA, Sousa PJDC, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A positive interaction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199207. [PMID: 29920546 PMCID: PMC6007924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of polyphenols and exercise training on the disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to assess the effect of the açaí seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training on diabetic complications induced by high-fat (HF) diet plus streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats with HF diet (55% fat) for 5 weeks and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.). Control (C) and Diabetic (D) animals were subdivided into four groups each: Sedentary, Training, ASE Sedentary, and ASE Training. ASE (200 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage and the exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks after the diabetes induction. In type 2 diabetic rats, the treatment with ASE reduced blood glucose, insulin resistance, leptin and IL-6 levels, lipid profile, and vascular dysfunction. ASE increased the expression of insulin signaling proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and plasma GLP-1 levels. ASE associated with exercise training potentiated the reduction of glycemia by decreasing TNF-α levels, increasing pAKT and adiponectin expressions in adipose tissue, and IR and pAMPK expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating the insulin-signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue, increasing GLP-1 levels, and an anti-inflammatory action. Exercise training potentiates the glucose-lowering effect of ASE by activating adiponectin-AMPK pathway and increasing IR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Pancreatic lipidosis (nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease, NAFPD) causes insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the prevalence and pathogenic factors associated with NAFPD are not clear. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of NAFPD in a Chinese adult population, and investigate factors associated with NAFPD aggravation.This was a cross-sectional study; 4419 subjects were enrolled for NAFPD screening and were divided into NAFPD (n = 488) and without NAFPD (n = 3930) groups. The sex, age, related concomitant diseases, general physical parameters, and serum glucose and lipid metabolism were compared between the 2 groups.The overall NAFPD prevalence was 11.05%, but increased with age. In those <55 years NAFPD prevalence was lower in females than males (P < .05), but prevalence was similar >55 years. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), T2DM, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein, adiponectin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were the independent risk factors for NAFPD (P < .05). Analaysis of mild NAFPD (MN) and severe NAFPD (SN) subgroups, according to the extent of fat deposition, suggested that NAFLD, triglyceride, lipoprotein, and adiponectin were independent risk factors for NAFPD aggravation (P < .05).The NAFPD prevalence was about 11% in Chinese adults. Its development and progression was related to NAFLD, T2DM, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and GLP-1 levels. Severe NAFPD was associated with NAFLD and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chineses Medical University, Ningbo City Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chineses Medical University, Ningbo City Department of Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
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139
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Lupoli R, Creanza A, Griffo E, Nardone G, Rocco A, Bozzetto L, Annuzzi G, Riccardi G, Capaldo B. Gastric Emptying Impacts the Timing of Meal Glucose Peak in Subjects With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2269-2276. [PMID: 29659867 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes mellitus is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) motility dysfunction, ranging from delayed to accelerated gastric emptying (GE). OBJECTIVE To evaluate GE in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without chronic complications and to investigate its relation with postprandial glucose and GI hormone responses. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Forty-two patients with T1DM free of chronic complications referred to Federico II University and 31 healthy controls similar for age, sex, and body mass index. INTERVENTIONS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES GE was assessed by using the 13C-octanoate breath test with a standardized solid meal. During the meal, plasma glucose, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were assessed, and GI symptoms were evaluated by a specific questionnaire. RESULTS Patients with T1DM showed a significantly slower GE half-emptying time (GE t1/2) (113 ± 34 minutes) than did controls (89 ± 17 minutes; P < 0.001). Thirty-six percent of T1DM showed a delayed GE (t1/2 > 120 minutes), whereas all controls showed a normal GE. When patients with T1DM were stratified according to GE t1/2, postmeal glucose response was significantly different between those with delayed and those with normal GE (P = 0.013). In particular, patients with T1DM and delayed GE showed a significantly longer mean time to peak glucose than did patients with normal GE (P = 0.004). In addition, GE t1/2 was an independent predictor of the time to peak glucose (β = 0.329; P = 0.025). GLP-1 and ghrelin responses to the test meal, as well as the prevalence of GI symptoms, were similar between patients with T1DM and controls and between patients with T1DM with normal GE and those with delayed GE. CONCLUSIONS Delayed GE time is associated with a longer time to peak glucose. GE evaluation could be useful for individualizing the timing of preprandial insulin bolus in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Creanza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Griffo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Rocco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Wu W, Sheng K, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhou G. Potential roles for glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide and cholecystokinin in anorectic response to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 153:181-187. [PMID: 29433086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia is a hallmark of animal and human exposed to T-2 toxin, a most poisonous trichothecene mycotoxins contaminating various cereal grains including wheat, corn and barley. Although this adverse effect has been well characterized in several animal species, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The goal for this study was to elucidate the roles of two gut satiety hormones, glucagon-like peptide-17-36 amide (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in T-2 toxin-evoked anorectic response using a mouse anorexia bioassay. Elevations of plasma GLP-1 and CCK significantly corresponded to anorexia induction by T-2 toxin. Direct administration of exogenous GLP-1 and CCK markedly evoked anorectic responses similar to T-2 toxin. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist Exendin9-39 dose-dependently cause attenuation of both GLP-1- and T-2 toxin-induced anorectic responses. Pretreatment with the CCK1 receptor (CCK1R) antagonist SR 27897 and CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) antagonist L-365,260 attenuated anorexia induction by both CCK- and T-2 toxin in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that both GLP-1 and CCK play contributory roles in T-2 toxin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kun Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Bhat GA, Khan HA, Alhomida AS, Sharma P, Singh R, Paray BA. GLP-I secretion in healthy and diabetic Wistar rats in response to aqueous extract of Momordica charantia. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 29776414 PMCID: PMC5960212 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global health disorders increasing at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia (AEMC) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), tissue glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma concentrations of insulin and GLP-1 hormone (glucagon-like peptide 1) in healthy and diabetic wistar rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (both normal and diabetic) were treated with AEMC by gavaging (300 mg/kg body wt/day for 28 days). RESULTS AEMC was found to increase tissue glycogen, serum insulin and GLP-1 non-significantly (P > 0.05) in normal, significantly (P < 0.01) in diabetic Wistar rats, whereas decrease in FBG and Glycosylated haemoglobin non-significantly (P > 0.05) in normal, significantly (P < 0.01) in diabetic Wistar rats. The elevation of GLP-1 level in normal and diabetic treated groups may be due to the L-cell regeneration and proliferation by binding with L-cell receptors and makes a conformational change, resulting in the activation of a series of signal transducers. The polar molecules of M. charantia also depolarize the L-cell through elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and which in turn releases GLP-1. GLP-1 in turn elevates beta-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. CONCLUSION The findings tend to provide a possible explanation for the hypoglycemic action of M. charantia fruit extracts as alternative nutritional therapy in the management and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, HNB Central University Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand 249161 India
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Poonam Sharma
- grid.448979.fDepartment of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, (A Central University), Amarkantak, M.P 484887 India
| | - Rambir Singh
- 0000 0004 0506 5583grid.411823.dDepartment of Biological Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- 0000 0004 1773 5396grid.56302.32Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Fukumori R, Masuda Y, Takeuchi A, Yanai R, Atchalalt K, Sarentonglaga B, Ogata K, Yamaguchi M, Hara A, Sato A, Sugino T, Nagao Y. Duodenal infusion of fatty acids differentially affects plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and ghrelin concentrations in sheep. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1889-1893. [PMID: 29547963 PMCID: PMC6140842 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how intraduodenal infusions of fatty acids (FA) affect appetite-related gut peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin in sheep. We hypothesized that these peptides can be highly reactive to unsaturated long-chain FA, because they are well known to decrease dry matter intake (DMI). Four ewes were fitted with a duodenal cannula and a jugular vein catheter for a 6-h duodenal infusion of the 9 FA (C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) and water (control). The concentration of each FA was 1.6 g per metabolic body weight (BW), approximately corresponding to the amount of supplemented fat in a standard dairy cow diet. Each infusion was separated by at least 2 d. During the infusion period, blood samples were collected periodically to determine changes in plasma GLP-1, ghrelin, and metabolite concentrations. Duodenal infusions of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 led to higher plasma GLP-1 (P < 0.05) and lower glucose (P < 0.05) than control. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were greater in C18:1 and C18:3 infusions than control (P < 0.05). Plasma ketone bodies were higher in C8:0 and C10:0 infusions (P < 0.05), but plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower in C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C16:0 infusions (P < 0.05) than control. Fatty acid infusions except for C18:3 led to higher plasma NEFA concentrations than control (P < 0.05). These results confirmed that the hypophagic effect of dietary unsaturated long-chain FA is mediated by GLP-1 (an anorexigenic effect) secretion. However, we also observed higher plasma ghrelin (an orexigenic effect) partially by unsaturated long-chain FA. Thus, the gut peptide secretions when ruminant animals ingest FA supplements would complexly affect satiety and further studies are needed to determine their each impact on DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Fukumori
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yoji Masuda
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., LTD, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takeuchi
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Rina Yanai
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Khurchabiling Atchalalt
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuko Ogata
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Mio Yamaguchi
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Asuka Hara
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Akane Sato
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Perl SH, Bloch O, Zelnic-Yuval D, Love I, Mendel-Cohen L, Flor H, Rapoport MJ. Sepsis-induced activation of endogenous GLP-1 system is enhanced in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e2982. [PMID: 29334697 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of circulating GLP-1 are associated with severity of sepsis in critically ill nondiabetic patients. Whether patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) display different activation of the endogenous GLP-1 system during sepsis and whether it is affected by diabetes-related metabolic parameters are not known. METHODS Serum levels of GLP-1 (total and active forms) and its inhibitor enzyme sDPP-4 were determined by ELISA on admission and after 2 to 4 days in 37 sepsis patients with (n = 13) and without T2D (n = 24) and compared to normal healthy controls (n = 25). Correlations between GLP-1 system activation and clinical, inflammatory, and diabetes-related metabolic parameters were performed. RESULTS A 5-fold (P < .001) and 2-fold (P < .05) increase in active and total GLP-1 levels, respectively, were found on admission as compared to controls. At 2 to 4 days from admission, the level of active GLP-1 forms in surviving patients were decreased significantly (P < .005), and positively correlated with inflammatory marker CRP (r = 0.33, P = .05). T2D survivors displayed a similar but more enhanced pattern of GLP-1 response than nondiabetic survivors. Nonsurvivors demonstrate an early extreme increase of both total and active GLP-1 forms, 9.5-fold and 5-fold, respectively (P < .05). The initial and late levels of circulating GLP-1 inhibitory enzyme sDPP-4 were twice lower in all studied groups (P < .001), compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that endogenous GLP-1 system is activated during sepsis. Patients with T2D display an enhanced and prolonged activation as compared to nondiabetic patients. Extreme early increased GLP-1 levels during sepsis indicate poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan H Perl
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Olga Bloch
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Dana Zelnic-Yuval
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Itamar Love
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Lior Mendel-Cohen
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Hadar Flor
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Micha J Rapoport
- Department 'C' of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Affiliated to Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
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Poggiogalle E, Donini LM, Chiesa C, Pacifico L, Lenzi A, Perna S, Faliva M, Naso M, Rondanelli M. Does endogenous GLP-1 affect resting energy expenditure and fuel selection in overweight and obese adults? J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:439-445. [PMID: 28975572 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels and resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in overweight and obese adults. METHOD Study participants were enrolled at the Dietetic and Metabolic Unit, University of Pavia, Italy. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 25 and ≤ 45 years, and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and ≤ 35 kg/m2. Diabetic subjects were excluded. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. REE was evaluated using indirect calorimetry, and RQ was calculated from respiratory gas exchanges. Fasting GLP-1, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and 24-h norepinephrine urinary excretion were measured. Homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants were included (age 43.4 ± 1.6 years; BMI 30.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2). REE was not associated with fasting GLP-1 levels (p = 0.98) after adjustment for age, sex, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM). Similarly, no association was observed between RQ and GLP-1 levels (p = 0.95), after adjustment for age, sex, and body fat. CONCLUSION In adults subjects with increased adiposity fasting, GLP-1 levels do not seem to play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism and in fuel selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poggiogalle
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - L M Donini
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - C Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pacifico
- Department of Pediatrics and Childhood Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro n.5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - S Perna
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Naso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - M Rondanelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Rigamonti AE, Casnici C, Marelli O, De Col A, Tamini S, Lucchetti E, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Abbruzzese L, Bortolotti M, Cella SG, Sartorio A. Acute administration of capsaicin increases resting energy expenditure in young obese subjects without affecting energy intake, appetite, and circulating levels of orexigenic/anorexigenic peptides. Nutr Res 2018. [PMID: 29530622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although capsaicin has been reported to reduce energy intake and increase energy expenditure in an adult (normal weight or overweight) population, thus resulting in a net negative energy balance and weight loss, these beneficial effects have not been investigated in young obese subjects. We hypothesize that capsaicin acutely administered in young obese subjects exerts the same effects on energy balance and that these effects are mediated by changes in gastrointestinal peptides regulating appetite. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of capsaicin (2 mg) or placebo on energy intake, hunger, and satiety in obese adolescents and young adults (female-male ratio: 4:6, age: 21.0 ± 5.8 years; body mass index: 41.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2) provided an ad libitum dinner. Furthermore, circulating levels of some orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY) peptides were measured after a meal completely consumed (lunch), together with the evaluation of hunger and satiety and assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) through indirect computerized calorimetry. When compared to placebo, capsaicin did not significantly change either energy intake or hunger/satiety 6 hours after its administration (dinner). No differences in circulating levels of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide YY and in hunger/satiety were found in the 3 hours immediately after food ingestion among obese subjects treated with capsaicin or placebo (lunch). By contrast, the meal significantly increased REE in the capsaicin- but not placebo-treated group (capsaicin: from 1957.2 ± 455.1 kcal/d up to 2342.3 ± 562.1 kcal/d, P < .05; placebo: from 2060.1 ± 483.4 kcal/d up to 2296.0 ± 484.5 kcal/d). The pre-post meal difference in REE after capsaicin administration was significantly higher than that observed after placebo (385.1 ± 164.4 kcal/d vs 235.9 ± 166.1 kcal/d, P < .05). In conclusion, although capsaicin does not exert hypophagic effects, these preliminary data demonstrate its ability as a metabolic activator in young obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E Rigamonti
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Casnici
- University of Milan, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Milan, Italy; Ferdinando Santarelli Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Marelli
- University of Milan, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Sofia Tamini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Elisa Lucchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Verbania, Italy
| | - Mauro Bortolotti
- University of Bologna, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano G Cella
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Verbania, Italy
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Huang X, Li S, Yang M, Fu X, Li H, Yan T, Liu Y, Chen L, Lan L, Li L, Zhong X. The effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment on fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138:246-252. [PMID: 29408704 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early short-term intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients shows benefit in glycemic control and β-cell function. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays an important role in glucose metabolism and development of type 2 diabetes. We did a study to observe the changes of GLP-1 and β-cell function after short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment. METHODS A total of 66 subjects were enrolled, including 30 normal glucose tolerance controls (NGT) and 36 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between October 2015 and July 2016. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, and GLP-1 were measured in each subject. The patients underwent CSII treatment for 2 weeks, and then FBG, insulin, and GLP-1 were measured. HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were then calculated. RESULTS All patients achieved target glycemic control in two weeks. HOMA-IR and HOMA-B improved significantly after intensive interventions (p < 0.05). The GLP-1 concentration increased significantly in patients after treatment (p < 0.05). When grouped according to bodyweight and age in all patients, the HOMA-IR changed significantly in overweight and old age subgroups, the HOMA-B increased significantly in normal weight, overweight and middle age subgroups, and the GLP-1 concentration also increased significantly in overweight and middle age subgroups respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Short-term CSII treatment can obtain glycemic control target and recover β-cell function and GLP-1 secretion in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. The overweight and middle-aged patients may get more benefit from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xuquan Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Huaqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lingsheng Lan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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147
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Andersson LE, Shcherbina L, Al-Majdoub M, Vishnu N, Arroyo CB, Aste Carrara J, Wollheim CB, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Spégel P. Glutamine-Elicited Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is Governed by an Activated Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Diabetes 2018; 67:372-384. [PMID: 29229616 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), secreted from intestinal L cells, glucose dependently stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells. This glucose dependence prevents hypoglycemia, rendering GLP-1 analogs a useful and safe treatment modality in type 2 diabetes. Although the amino acid glutamine is a potent elicitor of GLP-1 secretion, the responsible mechanism remains unclear. We investigated how GLP-1 secretion is metabolically coupled in L cells (GLUTag) and in vivo in mice using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1 832/13 as reference. A membrane-permeable glutamate analog (dimethylglutamate [DMG]), acting downstream of electrogenic transporters, elicited similar alterations in metabolism as glutamine in both cell lines. Both DMG and glutamine alone elicited GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion of GLP-1 in response to DMG. In conclusion, our results suggest that nonelectrogenic nutrient uptake and metabolism play an important role in L cell stimulus-secretion coupling. Metabolism of glutamine and related analogs by GDH in the L cell may explain why GLP-1 secretion, but not that of insulin, is activated by these secretagogues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Aste Carrara
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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148
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Weng SG, Zhang B, Wang X, Chen H. Effects of Duodenal-Jejunal Exclusion and New Bilio-Pancreatic Diversion on Blood Glucose in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Obes Surg 2018; 27:2067-2072. [PMID: 28233263 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), new bilio-pancreatic diversion (NBPD), and duodenal-jejunal exclusion (DJE) on blood glucose in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high glucose, high fat food, and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish a T2DM animal model. T2DM rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: a sham group (n = 8), DJB group (n = 9), NBPD group (n = 10), and DJE group (n = 10). Body weight, 2-h postprandial glucose, oral glucose tolerance, fasting serum bile acid, 2-h postprandial serum bile acid, fasting insulin, 2-h postprandial insulin (INS), fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and 2-h postprandial GLP-1 were measured before and after surgery. RESULTS Six weeks after surgery, the 2-h postprandial glucose in the DJB (16.1 ± 6.7 mmol/L) and NBPD (19.5 ± 5.7 mmol/L) groups decreased significantly compared to the sham group (25.8 ± 4.9 mmol/L) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the DJE (25.0 ± 5.0 mmol/L) and sham groups (P > 0.05). Four weeks after surgery, fasting serum bile acid in the DJB group (60.6 ± 11.4 μmol/L) and NBPD group (54.4 ± 7.64 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that in the sham group (34.3 ± 6.98 μmol/L; P < 0.05). However, fasting GLP-1, 2-h postprandial GLP-1, and insulin remained unchanged at different time points after surgery (P > 0.05). Body weight remained stable after surgery in all 4 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION NBPD plays a major role in the therapy of T2DM with DJB. NBPD may significantly increase fasting serum bile acid in T2DM rats, an action that may be one of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DJB on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Geng Weng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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149
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Seyfried F, Miras AD, Rotzinger L, Nordbeck A, Corteville C, Li JV, Schlegel N, Hankir M, Fenske W, Otto C, Jurowich C. Gastric Bypass-Related Effects on Glucose Control, β Cell Function and Morphology in the Obese Zucker Rat. Obes Surg 2018; 26:1228-36. [PMID: 26377340 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may improve beta cell function by mechanisms other than caloric restriction and body weight loss. We aimed to assess the impact of anatomical and hormonal alterations specific to RYGB on glucose homeostasis, β cell function and morphology. METHODS Male Zucker(fa/fa) rats underwent either RYGB (n = 11) or sham surgeries (n = 10). Five of the shams were then food restricted and body weight matched (BWM) to the RYGB rats. Six male Zucker(fa/+) rats underwent sham surgery and served as additional lean controls. Twenty-seven days after surgery, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured. Immunohistological analysis of pancreatic islets was performed, and GLP-1 receptor and PDX-1 mRNA content were quantified. RESULTS Shams consumed more food and gained more weight compared to both RYGB and BWM (p < 0.001). Hyperglycaemia was evident in ad libitum-fed shams, whilst postprandial glucose levels were lower in RYGB compared to the BWM sham group (p < 0.05). During the OGTT, RYGB rats responded with >2.5-fold increase of GLP-1. Histology revealed signs of islet degeneration in ad libitum-fed shams, but not in RYGB and sham BWM controls (p < 0.001). GLP-1 receptor and PDX-1 mRNA content was similar between the RYGB and BWM shams but higher compared to ad libitum shams (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combined molecular, cellular and histological analyses of pancreatic function suggest that weight loss alone, and not the enhancement of GLP-1 responses, is predominant for the short-term β cell protective effects of RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Rotzinger
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Arno Nordbeck
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Corteville
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jia V Li
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jurowich
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Yang Q, Huang G, Tian Q, Liu W, Sun X, Li N, Sun S, Zhou T, Wu N, Wei Y, Chen P, Wang R. "Living High-Training Low" improved weight loss and glucagon-like peptide-1 level in a 4-week weight loss program in adolescents with obesity: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9943. [PMID: 29465583 PMCID: PMC5842013 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Living High-Training Low" (LHTL) is effective for the improvement of athletic ability; however, little is known about the effect of LHTL on obese individuals. The present study determined whether LHTL would have favorable influence on body composition, rebalance the appetite hormones, and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Adolescents with obesity [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m] were randomly assigned to "Living Low-Training Low" (LLTL, n = 19) group that slept in a normobaric normoxia condition and the LHTL (n = 16) group slept in a normobaric hypoxia room (14.7% PO2 ∼2700 m). Both groups underwent the same aerobic exercise training program. Morphological, blood lipids, and appetite hormones were measured and assessed. RESULTS After the intervention, the body composition improved in both groups, whereas reductions in body weight (BW), BMI, and lean body mass increased significantly in the LHTL group (all, P < .05). In the LLTL group, cholecystokinin (CCK) decreased remarkably (P < .05) and CCK changes were positively associated with changes in BW (r = 0.585, P = .011) and BMI (r = 0.587, P = .010). However, in the LHTL group, changes in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, positively correlated with each other (r = 0.708, P = .015) but negatively with BW changes (r = -0.608, P = .027 and r = -0.518, P = .048, respectively). CONCLUSION The results indicated that LHTL could induce more weight loss safely and efficiently as compared to LLTL and increase the plasma GLP-1 levels that may be mediated by IL-6 to rebalance the appetite. Thus, an efficient method to treat obesity and prevent weight regain by appetite rebalance in hypoxia condition was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Pott College of Science, Engineering and Education, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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