151
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Kuo-Esser L, Chen R, Lawson K, Kuchinski K, Simmons N, Dominguez M, Scandura T, Vo M, Dasenbrock-Gammon E, Hagan N, Esposito H, Thompson M, Le S, Escorcia W, Wetzel HN. Early-life caffeine exposure induces morphological changes and altered physiology in Caenorhabditiselegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149240. [PMID: 37988878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant, is known for its effects on alertness and fatigue reduction by blockade of adenosine receptors. While it holds therapeutic potential, its diverse impacts pose risks, particularly in early development. This study explores the developmental effects of caffeine exposure using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism. We investigated morphological and behavioral changes induced by caffeine exposure at the L1 stage and assessed their impact at the L4 stage, which roughly corresponds to human infancy and adolescence, respectively. Caffeine-exposed worms displayed increased body length, body bends, and pharyngeal pumping rates compared to control worms. These findings indicate heightened food-seeking behavior and greater food intake, leading to the observed morphological changes. While caffeine did not affect other locomotor behaviors, its stimulatory effect on growth and development highlights its significance. This study provides insights into the potential impact of early-life caffeine exposure on long-term health and development, offering a foundation for future research in vertebrates to uncover its implications on metabolism and other metrics of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Kuo-Esser
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Ramon Chen
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Kylie Lawson
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | | | - Nijah Simmons
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | | | - Tommy Scandura
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Martin Vo
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA; Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, 16509, USA
| | - Emma Dasenbrock-Gammon
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Highland Heights, Kentucky, 41099, USA
| | - Natalie Hagan
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Highland Heights, Kentucky, 41099, USA
| | - Haley Esposito
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Molly Thompson
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Steven Le
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Wilber Escorcia
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA.
| | - Hanna N Wetzel
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA.
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152
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Turner D, Adriaenssens EM, Lehman SM, Moraru C, Kropinski AM. Bacteriophage Taxonomy: A Continually Evolving Discipline. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:27-45. [PMID: 38066361 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
While taxonomy is an often underappreciated branch of science, it serves very important roles. Bacteriophage taxonomy has evolved from a discipline based mainly on morphology, characterized by the work of David Bradley and Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, to the sequence-based approach that is taken today. The Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) takes a holistic approach to classifying prokaryote viruses by measuring overall DNA and protein similarity and phylogeny before making decisions about the taxonomic position of a new virus. The huge number of complete genomes being deposited with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and other public databases has resulted in a reassessment of the taxonomy of many viruses, and the future will see the introduction of new viral families and higher orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dann Turner
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Susan M Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Moraru
- Department of The Biology of Geological Processes, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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153
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Seiser S, Arzani H, Ayub T, Phan-Canh T, Staud C, Worda C, Kuchler K, Elbe-Bürger A. Native human and mouse skin infection models to study Candida auris-host interactions. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105234. [PMID: 37813159 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared certain fungal pathogens as global health threats for the next decade. Candida auris (C. auris) is a newly emerging skin-tropic multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections of high mortality in hospitals and healthcare settings. Here, we address an unmet need and present novel native ex vivo skin models, thus extending previous C. auris-host interaction studies. We exploit histology and immunofluorescence analysis of ex vivo skin biopsies of human adult and fetal, as well as mouse origin infected with C. auris via distinct routes. We demonstrate that an intact skin barrier efficiently protects from C. auris penetration and invasion. Although C. auris readily grows on native human skin, it can reach deeper layers only upon physical disruption of the barrier by needling or through otherwise damaged skin. By contrast, a barrier disruption is not necessary for C. auris penetration of native mouse skin. Importantly, we show that C. auris undergoes morphogenetic changes upon skin penetration, as it acquires pseudohyphal growth phenotypes in deeper human and mouse dermis. Taken together, this new human and mouse skin model toolset yields new insights into C. auris colonization, adhesion, growth and invasion properties of native versus damaged human skin. The results form a crucial basis for future studies on skin immune defense to colonizing pathogens, and offer new options for testing the action and efficacy of topical antimicrobial compound formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Seiser
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hossein Arzani
- Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya Ayub
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Trinh Phan-Canh
- Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clement Staud
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Worda
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adelheid Elbe-Bürger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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154
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Wang Z. Caenorhabditis elegans as an In Vivo Model Organism to Elucidate Teratogenic Effects. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:283-306. [PMID: 38285345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous teratogens contribute to approximately 10% of the human abnormality with exposure occurrence during the prenatal and fetal period. However, the assessment methods and underlying mechanism remain unclear. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been recognized as one of the ideal model animals for toxicologic research as convenient culture, low cost, and complete phenotypes and genomic profiling. This chapter describes the protocols about the estimations on the teratogenic effects using nematodes as model organisms, including the growth, development, behavior, reproduction, energy balance, and transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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155
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Ishimatsu T, Yoshimura I, Kanazawa K, Hagio T, Minokawa S, Nagatomo M, Sugino Y, Yamamoto T. Ankle bone morphology affects the size of non-trauma related osteochondral lesions of the talus in skeletally immature children. J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:224-229. [PMID: 36462995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ankle morphology and the size of non-trauma related osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), because approximately half the OLT found in children is of unknown origin. METHODS 34 ankles in 30 skeletally immature children with OLTs who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. Parameters measured included area of the OLT, tibial axis-medial malleolus angle (TMM), malleolar width (MalW), and talar surface angle (TSA; defined as the angle between the line perpendicular to the mid-diaphysis of the tibia and the talar joint surface; medial inclination, positive). The ankles were divided into two groups: the trauma group had a history of injury and the idiopathic group had no history of injury. The correlation between lesion area and MRI parameters were evaluated in each group. RESULTS Thirteen ankles in 13 patients comprised the trauma group, while 21 ankles in 17 patients were in the idiopathic group. Of the 17 patients in the idiopathic group, four had bilateral OLT. In the trauma group, MalW was significantly correlated with the area (r = 0.827, P = 0.0001). In the idiopathic group, TMM and MalW were significantly correlated with the area (r = 0.608, P = 0.003 and r = 0.566, P = 0.008). TSA was positively correlated with area in the idiopathic group (r = 0.516, P = 0.017), but negatively correlated with area in the trauma group (r = -0.609, P = 0.027). The other parameters showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS The size of non-trauma related OLTs may have been affected by an ankle morphology showing poor bone conformity, such as an open medial malleolus and inclined talar joint surface. In addition, the evaluation of the contralateral ankle joint may be crucial when patients with OLT have no specific history of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishimatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka Seisyukai Hospital, 4-11-8 Choujyabarunishi, Kasuya-cho, Kasuya, Fukuoka 811-2316, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hagio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - So Minokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyouin, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagatomo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takuaki Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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156
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Dasgupta S, Simonich MT, Tanguay RL. Developmental Toxicity Assessment Using Zebrafish-Based High-Throughput Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2707:71-82. [PMID: 37668905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3401-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish-based high-throughput screening has been extensively used to study toxicological profiles of individual chemicals and mixtures, identify novel toxicants, and study modes of action to prioritize chemicals for further testing and policy decisions. Within this chapter, we describe a protocol for automated zebrafish developmental high-throughput screening in our laboratory, with emphasis on exposure setups, morphological and behavioral readouts, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dasgupta
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Michael T Simonich
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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157
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Abukhaled Y, Hatab K, Awadhalla M, Hamdan H. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and cognitive impairments in Down syndrome: towards a holistic approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:87-104. [PMID: 37561187 PMCID: PMC10769995 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. It commonly results from three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). There are no mutations or deletions involved in DS. Instead, the phenotype is caused by altered transcription of the genes on HC21. These transcriptional variations are responsible for a myriad of symptoms affecting every organ system. A very debilitating aspect of DS is intellectual disability (ID). Although tremendous advances have been made to try and understand the underlying mechanisms of ID, there is a lack of a unified, holistic view to defining the cause and managing the cognitive impairments. In this literature review, we discuss the mechanisms of neuronal over-inhibition, abnormal morphology, and other genetic factors in contributing to the development of ID in DS patients and to gain a holistic understanding of ID in DS patients. We also highlight potential therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Hatab
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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158
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Fraga LR, de Oliveira MR, Wermann KM, Vargesson N. Assessment of the Teratogenic Effect of Drugs on the Chicken Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:251-260. [PMID: 38285343 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Pre-clinical trials are an essential step that underpins the drug discovery, development, and safety process. During this process, animal testing is performed to determine the safety of new compounds and any potential adverse effects. Developmental toxicity tests are carried out to verify whether the drug has potential to cause congenital anomalies to the developing embryo/fetus. Chicken embryos are very useful for these purposes and present several advantages, such as low cost of production and housing, easy handling and manipulation, and rapid development in addition to sharing similarities to the human embryo at molecular, cellular, and anatomical levels. In this chapter, we bring methods for using the chicken embryo model for testing the teratogenic effects of drugs and assessing the main outcomes of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Maikel Rosa de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Maria Wermann
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neil Vargesson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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159
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Abstract
The use of DNA has helped to improve and speed up species identification and delimitation. However, it also provides new challenges to taxonomists. Incongruence of outcome from various markers and delimitation methods, bias from sampling and skewed species distribution, implemented models, and the choice of methods/priors may mislead results and also may, in conclusion, increase elements of subjectivity in species taxonomy. The lack of direct diagnostic outcome from most contemporary molecular delimitation approaches and the need for a reference to existing and best sampled trait reference systems reveal the need for refining the criteria of species diagnosis and diagnosability in the current framework of nomenclature codes and good practices to avoid nomenclatorial instability, parallel taxonomies, and consequently more and new taxonomic impediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ahrens
- Museum A. Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany.
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160
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Abstract
Placozoans are morphologically the simplest free-living animals. They represent a unique window of opportunities to understand both the origin of the animal organization and the rules of life for the system and synthetic biology of the future. However, despite more than 100 years of their investigations, we know little about their organization, natural habitats, and life strategies. Here, we introduce this unique animal phylum and highlight some directions vital to broadening the frontiers of the biomedical sciences. In particular, understanding the genomic bases of placozoan biodiversity, cell identity, connectivity, reproduction, and cellular bases of behavior are critical hot spots for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Leonid L Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA.
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161
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Jin A, Tan X, Ohno-Matsui K, Han X, Luo L, Liu Y. Interocular difference in crystalline lens morphology in children and adolescents with unilateral high myopia. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024; 13:100001. [PMID: 38383078 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2023.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the between-eye differences of the crystalline lens in subjects with unilateral high myopia and assess its contribution to the interocular refractive error disparity. METHODS Children and adolescents with unilateral high myopia, defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -5D in one eye and ≥ -3D in the other eye, were recruited. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT), were measured by IOLMaster 700. Other lens-related parameters, including anterior lens radius of curvature (ALR) and posterior lens radius of curvature (PLR), were measured by CASIA2 swept-source optical coherence tomography. Lens power (LP) was calculated using Bennett's formula. Paired t-test was used to assess the between-eye difference in biometric parameters, and multiple regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the between-eye SE difference. RESULTS Ninety-one participants (6-18 years of age; 52.75% girls) were included. The highly myopic eyes showed significantly lower LP (P < 0.001) and smaller ALR (P < 0.001) than the contralateral eyes, while no significant difference was found in central LT. In both eyes, ALR was significantly related to SE (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively); while LT was not associated with SE (P = 0.051 and P = 0.052, respectively). Paired-eye analysis showed that the between-eye difference in ALR was the only lenticular parameter significantly associated with the between-eye difference in SE (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION In highly myopic eyes, the crystalline lens reduced total power but morphologically changed to a more curved shape without significant lens thinning, suggesting that the LP loss is mainly achieved by reducing its internal power in high myopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aixia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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162
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Abstract
Hox genes are important regulators in animal development. They often show a mosaic of conserved (e.g., longitudinal axis patterning) and lineage-specific novel functions (e.g., development of skeletal, sensory, or locomotory systems). Despite extensive research over the past decades, it remains controversial at which node in the animal tree of life the Hox cluster evolved. Its presence already in the last common metazoan ancestor has been proposed, although the genomes of both putative earliest extant metazoan offshoots, the ctenophores and the poriferans, are devoid of Hox sequences. The lack of Hox genes in the supposedly "simple"-built poriferans and their low number in cnidarians and the basally branching bilaterians, the xenacoelomorphs, seems to support the classical notion that the number of Hox genes is correlated with the degree of animal complexity. However, the 4-fold increase of the Hox cluster in xiphosurans, a basally branching chelicerate clade, as well as the situation in some teleost fishes that show a multitude of Hox genes compared to, e.g., human, demonstrates, that there is no per se direct correlation between organismal complexity and Hox number. Traditional approaches have tried to base homology on the morphological level on shared expression profiles of individual genes, but recent data have shown that, in particular with respect to Hox and other regulatory genes, complex gene-gene interactions rather than expression signatures of individual genes alone are responsible for shaping morphological traits during ontogeny. Accordingly, for sound homology assessments and reconstructions of character evolution on organ system level, additional independent datasets (e.g., morphological, developmental) need to be included in any such analyses. If supported by solid data, proposed structural homology should be regarded as valid and not be rejected solely on the grounds of non-parsimonious distribution of the character over a given phylogenetic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wanninger
- University of Vienna, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit for Integrative Zoology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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163
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Szpila K, Williams K, Soszyńska A, Ekanem M, Heyns M, Dinka MD, Villet M. Key for the identification of third instar larvae of African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance in death investigations. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 354:111889. [PMID: 38043499 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Blowfly larvae are the insects primarily responsible for the active stage of decomposition of exposed vertebrate remains and are the most frequently collected entomological evidence during forensic investigations of death. The necrophagous calliphorids in continental Africa that consistently develop on large vertebrate carrion include 11 species belonging to four genera: Calliphora, Chrysomya, Hemipyrellia and Lucilia. Most of these species are widespread in Africa and frequently reported on large animal carcasses and carrion and human corpses. A few keys have been compiled for identification of their third instar larvae, but none of them covers the complete set of taxa. Therefore, we provide a new comprehensive key with original illustrations of all taxonomically significant characters. The key is based on characters that should be easily observable even in poorly equipped local laboratories and is a reliable taxonomic tool for material collected in either urban or rural areas where synanthropic species predominate. However, it should be used with some caution in areas with relatively pristine natural habitats, where additional carrion-breeding species may occur. The publication of the key will significantly facilitate both medical and forensic entomological research and practice in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szpila
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Kirstin Williams
- KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa,; South African Forensic Entomology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Soszyńska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Mfon Ekanem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigiera
| | - Marise Heyns
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Mergi Daba Dinka
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Martin Villet
- South African Forensic Entomology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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164
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Toschi P, Viola I, Manenti I, Miretti S, Macchi E, Martignani E, Accornero P, Baratta M. Ovine Trophoblast Cells: Cell Isolation and Culturing from the Placenta at the Early Stage of Pregnancy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2749:123-133. [PMID: 38133780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3609-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Embryo development is dependent upon the exchange of oxygen and nutrients through the placenta, mainly composed of peculiar epithelioid cells, known as trophoblast cells. Normal trophoblast functionality plays a key role during the whole pregnancy, especially in the first stage of placentation. This chapter explains the techniques to obtain sheep primary trophoblast cells from the early placenta. Overall, procedures for cell isolation, culture, characterization, and cryopreservation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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165
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Li C, Zhang Y, Chen R, Wang N, Liu J, Liu F. Influence of mineralized organic carbon in marine sediments on ecological heavy metal risk: Bohai Bay case study. Environ Res 2024; 240:117542. [PMID: 37914009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter in sediments can mineralize over time, which impacts the morphology of the heavy metals therein, which in turn affects the assessment of the risks posed by heavy metals. We used the sediments of Bohai Bay as the study object and analyzed the effects of different organic carbon mineralization levels on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) using water extraction and potassium permanganate oxidation. The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in Bohai Bay were within the limits recommended by the World Health Organization. The proportions of the active and inert organic carbon fractions were 61.72% and 32.94%, respectively. Organic carbon mineralization most strongly impacted Cd and Pb levels, with releases accounting for 47.92% and 25.75%, respectively, of the oxidizable fractions. The release of all heavy metals, except for Cr, increased with increases in organic carbon mineralization, and heavy metals were released at a maximum rate of 12.94% when the organic carbon was highly mineralized, whereas Cr was released at a maximum of 0.023% during the first stage of organic carbon mineralization. In terms of spatial distribution, the concentration of mineralizable organic carbon in the sediments of the estuaries was substantially higher than that in other marine areas. Estuary sediments were more easily affected by organic carbon mineralization; therefore, the heavy metals in the oxidizable fraction of the estuarine region were more easily transformed into unstable heavy metal forms, posing high risk levels. Therefore, this study highlights the effects of organic carbon mineralization on heavy metal morphology and stability, when evaluating the ecological risk of heavy metals in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology / School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Nayu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center (Tianjin) for Hazardous Waste Disposal, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Fude Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology / School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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166
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DesMarais A, Obertova Z, Franklin D. The influence of age on greater sciatic notch morphology: testing the Walker method in an Australian population. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:239-247. [PMID: 37055626 PMCID: PMC10772010 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Sex estimation is an integral aspect of a forensic biological profile. The pelvis, being the most dimorphic part of the skeleton, has been studied in considerable detail relative to morphological and metric variation. However, empirical data on the effect of age on pelvic morphology relative to sex-specific morphological variation is limited, especially in regard to the estimation of skeletal sex. This study assesses whether there are age-related differences in the distribution of the Walker (2005) morphological scores for the greater sciatic notch (GSN) in an Australian population. Three-dimensional volumetric reconstructions derived from multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 567 pelves of 258 females and 309 males aged 18 to 96 years were scored following Walker (2005). Differences in score distributions and means by sex and age group were tested using Pearson's chi-squared test and ANOVA, respectively. The accuracy of sex estimates derived from logistic regression equations was explored using leave-one-out cross-validation. Significant differences were found in score distribution and means among age groups in females, but not in males. There was a tendency toward higher scores in older females. The overall sex estimation accuracy was 87.5%. When comparing age groups 18-49 and 70 + years, estimation accuracy decreased in females (99% vs. 91%), while the opposite was found for males (79% vs. 87%). These findings suggest that age affects GSN morphology. Higher mean scores in older females imply that, on average, the GSN becomes narrower with increasing age. It is thus recommended due consideration of estimated age when assessing sex based on the GSN in unidentified human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel DesMarais
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Zuzana Obertova
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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167
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Cadwell CR, Tolias AS. Patch-seq: Multimodal Profiling of Single-Cell Morphology, Electrophysiology, and Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2752:227-243. [PMID: 38194038 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3621-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cells exhibit diverse morphologic phenotypes, biophysical and functional properties, and gene expression patterns. Understanding how these features are interrelated at the level of single cells has been challenging due to the lack of techniques for multimodal profiling of individual cells. We recently developed Patch-seq, a technique that combines whole-cell patch clamp recording, immunohistochemistry, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comprehensively profile single cells. Here we present a detailed step-by-step protocol for obtaining high-quality morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic data from single cells. Patch-seq enables researchers to explore the rich, multidimensional phenotypic variability among cells and to directly correlate gene expression with phenotype at the level of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn R Cadwell
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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168
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Garg D, Singh G, Rekhi H, Kaur M, Verma R, Singh K, Malik AK. Pure and Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Sensing and Dye Degradation Applications. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:449-463. [PMID: 37294382 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent antimony doped tin oxide nanoparticles have drawn tremendous attention from researchers due to its low cost, chemical inertness and stability. Herein, a quick, facile and economic hydrothermal/solvothermal method was utilized for the preparation of antimony doped (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%) tin oxide nanoparticles. The antimony doping in a reasonable range can change the properties of SnO2. As such, a lattice distortion increases with increase in doping, which is evidenced through crystallographic studies. It was found that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of malachite green (MG) dye of about 80.86% was achieved with 10% Sb-doped SnO2 in aqueous media due to small particle size. Moreover, 10% Sb-doped SnO2 also showed the highest fluorescence quenching efficiency of about 27% for Cd2+ of concentration 0.11 µg/ml in the drinking water. The limit of detection (LOD) comes out as 0.0152 µg/ml. This sample selectively detected the cadmium ion even in the presence of other heavy metal ions. Notably, 10% Sb-doped SnO2 could appeared as a promising sensor for fast analysis of Cd2+ ions in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Rekhi
- GSSDGS Khalsa College, Patiala, 147 001, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Rajpal Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Karamjit Singh
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India.
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169
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Gupta K, Bagang N, Singh G, Laddi L. Rat Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:123-136. [PMID: 38676889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Isoproterenol (ISO) administration produces significant biochemical and histological changes including oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and inflammation that leads to aggravation of myocardial injury. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal ISO injection into rats can replicate several features of human heart disease, making it a useful tool for comprehending the underlying mechanisms and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. In the present chapter, we elaborate on how depending on the precise experimental goals and the intended level of severity, different dosages and regimens are employed to induce myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- International Graduate Program of Medicines, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Loveinder Laddi
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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170
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Çağlar C, Akçaalan S, Akkaya M, Doğan M. Does Morphology of the Shoulder Joint Play a Role in the Etiology of Rotator Cuff Tear? Curr Med Imaging 2024; 20:e260423216209. [PMID: 37170976 DOI: 10.2174/1573405620666230426141113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) have been investigated for years and many underlying causes have been identified. Shoulder joint morphology is one of the extrinsic causes of RCTs. AIM Morphometric measurements on MRI sections determined which parameters are an important indicator of RCT in patients with shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors in the etiology of RCTs by evaluating the shoulder joint morphology with the help of previously defined radiological parameters. METHOD Between January 2019-December 2020, 408 patients (40-70 years old) who underwent shoulder MRI and met the criteria were included in the study. There were 202 patients in the RCT group and 206 patients in the control group. Acromion type, acromial index (AI), critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromial angulation (AA), acromion-greater tuberosity impingement index (ATI), and glenoid version angle (GVA) were measured from the MRI images of the patients. RESULTS AI (0.64 vs. 0.60, p = 0.003) CSA (35.3° vs. 32.4°, p = 0.004), ATI (0.91 vs. 0.83, P < 0.001), and AA (13.6° vs. 11.9°, p = 0.011) values were higher in the RCT group than in the control group and the difference was significant. AHD (8.1 mm vs. 9.9 mm, P < 0.001), LAA (77.2° vs. 80.9°, p = 0.004) and GVA (-3.9° vs. -2.5°, P < 0.001) values were lower in the RCT group than in the control group, and again the difference was significant. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values were 0.623 for AI and 0.860 for ATI. CONCLUSION Acromion type, AI, CSA, AHD, LAA, AA, ATI, and GVA are suitable radiological parameters to evaluate shoulder joint morphology. High AI, CSA, AA, ATI, GVA and low AHD and LAA are risk factors for RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Çağlar
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Akçaalan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kırıkkale Training and Research Hospital, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkaya
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Doğan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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171
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Rajaram N, Srinivasan S, Verma S. Human navicular bone: a morphometric and morphological evaluation. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:71-79. [PMID: 37968490 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of navicular joint complex is crucial to perform surgical interventions for multiple pathological foot aetiologies. The data on human navicular bone and its facets from Indian population remain scarce in literature. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the morphometry and morphology of navicular bone. METHODOLOGY A total of 77 (right: 40; left: 37) dried human navicular bones were used. The collected data were entered and analysed in SPSS software. RESULTS The anteroposterior diameter of navicular bone on right side was 15.19 mm (13.92, 16.77) and on left side was 15.87 mm (13.83, 17.27). The transverse diameter on right and left sides were 34.21 mm (31.74, 36.6) and 33.59 mm (30.23, 35.43), respectively. The vertical diameter measured on the right was 22.31 mm (21.19, 23.94) and on left 22.53 mm (20.8, 24.24). Morphometric evaluation showed no significant difference between right and left navicular bones. The commonest shape for posterior facet was quadrilateral, on the right (62.5%) and left (40.5%). The most common shape of anterior facet for medial cuneiform is quadrilateral, on the right (85%) and left (89.1%). For intermediate cuneiform, triangular facet was common on the right side (72.5%) and on the left (59.5%). The lateral cuneiform facet was bean shaped on right side (72.5%) and quadrilateral on the left side (32.5%). There was a significant difference in shape distribution between right and left (P < 0.05). The median length of the groove for tibialis posterior tendon was 18.01 mm and 16.19 mm on right and left side, respectively. Cuboid facet was observed in 28 (70%) and 26 (65.9%) navicular bones on right and left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference between right and left bones with regards to morphometric parameters. Morphological evaluation revealed significant difference in the distribution of shape between right and left bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Rajaram
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical college, Chennai, India
| | - Suman Verma
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India.
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172
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Mokhtari Z, Jafari SM, Ziaiifar AM, Cacciotti I. Extraction, purification and characterization of amylose from sago and corn: Morphological, structural and molecular comparison. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128237. [PMID: 37981288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a comprehensive study was carried out to better understand the molecular characteristics of amylose extracted from sago starch, using butanol as the extraction solvent. The sago derived amylose was compared with amylose extracted from corn starch and both characterized through different techniques, i.e. size exclusion chromatography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy and Zeta potential measurements. The purity of the amylose extracted from sago and corn was 99.20 % and 93.46 %, respectively. From XRD results, it was revealed that sago amylose had more crystallinity with high thermal stability compared to corn amylose. Based on Raman spectra, single and double helices formed in both extracted amyloses, but due to their intrinsic differences, the intensities associated with these helices varied for sago and corn amylose. Purified amyloses were shown to have two different forms of spherulite morphology: torus and spherical shapes with varying degrees of roughness. Our findings demonstrated that sago starch is a novel and low-cost source for supplying amylose, a promising polymer for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mokhtari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Engineering Department, INSTM RU, University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano", Rome, Italy
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173
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Bunea MC, Rusali LM, Tudorache SI, Bratu IC, Bordei P. Considerations on the morphology of the thyroid ima artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:91-99. [PMID: 37991506 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Detailed knowledge of the thyroid ima artery is essential for surgeons consequently we conducted an analysis investigating the arterial vasculature of the thyroid gland in 290 cases by dissection of formalin-fixed cadavers and by studying computed tomography angiographies. METHODS Our study was conducted on 82 cases obtained from the dissection of formalin-fixed cadavers while 208 cases were computed tomography angiographies. The following aspects were observed: the frequency of the thyroid ima artery, its origin, course, and diameter. All were studied, comparing right to left and according to sex. RESULTS Following the study of thyroid gland vasculature on a number of 290 cases, the thyroid ima artery was discovered in 16 cases (5.52% of cases), from which 3.45% of cases were in male subjects, and 2.07% of cases in female subjects. Of these, 4.14% of the total cases were left thyroid ima artery, and 1.38% of cases were on the right, found only in female subjects. In 5.17% of the total cases, the thyroid ima artery originated from the aortic arch, of which 3.45% were in the male sex and 1.72% were in the female sex. In one case only (0.35%) in the female sex did the thyroid ima artery originate from the brachiocephalic trunk. In 2.76% of cases, the thyroid ima artery existed with a left-sided inferior thyroid artery originating from the subclavian artery, either directly or from a thyrocervical trunk. CONCLUSIONS The thyroid ima artery has proven to be one of the highly variable arteries in terms of its presence and origin and the knowledge surrounding it is useful for surgical interventions.
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174
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Faria M. Endless forms of endless formation - The morphogenesis of organisms and scientific objects. Biosystems 2024; 235:105068. [PMID: 37989469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The present article proceeds from the premises that living forms and abstract formalization come into being by similar mechanisms (e.g., random variation, selection, conventions) and have similar properties (e.g., semiosis, stasis and complexity). These convergences justify the comparative analysis of form's development, evolution and action in both fields. Here we shall focus on the notion of "endless forms" advanced by Darwin's seminal work in evolutionary biology "On The Origin of Species" to discuss the various ways in which it relates to biological formation. I shall explore the idea of "infinitude of evolved forms" through the lens of the five connotations of the word "endless" provided by the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus dictionary, which are: perpetual; incomputable; manifold; unfinished; steady. From each synonym chosen, a new iteration of dictionary search was made to produce a list of terms that are used in the reviewed literature to describe biological morphogenetic features, which are respectively: reproducible, unpredictable, additive, undetermined, the end of their own formation. In conclusion, I propose a tentative mapping between each of these five connotations and the biological processes at work in their making, which are, respectively: 1) copying organic information; coding organic signs; manufacturing organic meaning 2) natural variation, natural selection, natural conventions; 3) multilevel organization, differentiation/development, complexity; 4) ambiguity, degeneracy, semiotic thresholds; 5) homeostasis, autopoiesis, codepoiesis. The processes discussed here gained salience as developments, additions, or nuances to Darwin's original theory. It must be noted that, even though the discussion is mainly framed by Code Biology as a source of conceptualization, inputs from a wide range of theoretical perspectives will be given emphasis when suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Faria
- Department of Literary Theory and Comparative Literature of the University of São Paulo, FFLCH/USP Brazil.
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175
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Athey TL, Tward DJ, Mueller U, Younes L, Vogelstein JT, Miller MI. Preserving Derivative Information while Transforming Neuronal Curves. Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:63-74. [PMID: 38036915 PMCID: PMC10917852 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-023-09648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The international neuroscience community is building the first comprehensive atlases of brain cell types to understand how the brain functions from a higher resolution, and more integrated perspective than ever before. In order to build these atlases, subsets of neurons (e.g. serotonergic neurons, prefrontal cortical neurons etc.) are traced in individual brain samples by placing points along dendrites and axons. Then, the traces are mapped to common coordinate systems by transforming the positions of their points, which neglects how the transformation bends the line segments in between. In this work, we apply the theory of jets to describe how to preserve derivatives of neuron traces up to any order. We provide a framework to compute possible error introduced by standard mapping methods, which involves the Jacobian of the mapping transformation. We show how our first order method improves mapping accuracy in both simulated and real neuron traces under random diffeomorphisms. Our method is freely available in our open-source Python package brainlit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Athey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel J Tward
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Mueller
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurent Younes
- Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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176
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Baptista VIDA, Braz JKFDS, Neto SPD, Rabêlo JWC, Marinho RC, Lucena EEDS. Multiple stations in an integrated design of cardiovascular system morphology for medical undergraduate. Ann Anat 2024; 251:152146. [PMID: 37652167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The morphology knowledge is essential for clinical, diagnostic and surgical practice in medicine. However, it is a great challenge teaching this science in an integrated curriculum, since it has the need of active methods associated with technology, in a total impaired workload. Therefore, this work described an educational design of multiple practice stations in order to teach morphology of the cardiovascular system in the undergraduate medical education. This activity was conducted in the Multicampi School of Medical Sciences of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) in Caicó/Brazil. Four anatomy stations and four embryology and histology stations of heart and blood vessels were drawn up. Anatomy stations approached cardiac cycle and cardiac valves (1 A); mediastinum and pericardium (2 A); internal morphology and heart conduction system (3 A) and external morphology of heart (4 A). Whereas embryology and histology stations approached embryogenesis of the heart (1B); cardiac microanatomy and fetal circulation (2B); and vascular microanatomy (3B;4B). All the stations emphasized cognitive and psychomotor fields associated with clinical correlations to active application of morphology knowledge. The multiple stations were considered as an organized, productive, enlightening and riveting alternative to medical students and teaching staff. This innovative experience integrated and energized the three areas of morphological sciences, resignifying the teaching and learning of cardiovascular system morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Wilamy Cosme Rabêlo
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, RN, Brazil.
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177
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Curtin L. Fractal-Based Morphometrics of Glioblastoma. Adv Neurobiol 2024; 36:545-555. [PMID: 38468052 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Morphometrics have been able to distinguish important features of glioblastoma from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using morphometrics computed on segmentations of various imaging abnormalities, we show that the average and range of lacunarity and fractal dimension values across MRI slices can be prognostic for survival. We look at the repeatability of these metrics to multiple segmentations and how they are impacted by image resolution. We speak to the challenges to overcome before these metrics are included in clinical care, and the insight that they may provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Curtin
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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178
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Kolak M, Kızılgöz V, Kantarci M. Examination of ethmoidal roof regarding Keros and Yenigun classifications in a Turkish population: a computerized tomography study. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:19-25. [PMID: 38062267 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding ethmoid roof morphology is crucial to prevent complications in endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological properties of the ethmoidal roof regarding gender and age differences using Keros and Yenigun classifications on high-resolution computed tomography images. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 891 high-resolution computed tomography paranasal sinus study images and measured the depth of the cribriform plate in coronal sections and the anterior-posterior length in axial planes. The study retrospectively examined CT images of paranasal sinuses of patients living in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. RESULTS In both Keros and Yenigun Classifications, the most common class was type 2, and the least common class was type 3. According to Keros et al.'s method, no significant difference was observed between men and women (p = 0.698). However, according to Yenigun et al., the average values of women in terms of the anterior-posterior distance of the ethmoid roof were significantly higher than men (p = 0.001). When examined according to age, a very low, negative correlation was revealed regarding Keros and Yenigun classifications (p = 0.047 and p < 0.001 retrospectively). According to Keros and Yenigun's classification, there was no significant difference between the left and right sides (p = 0.488 and p = 0.919, respectively). CONCLUSION The morphological properties of the ethmoidal roof have importance to be considered for preoperative planning. Studying larger patient groups and meta-analyses that gather various research results about this subject might help better understand the ethmoidal roof morphology among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kolak
- Oral and Dental Health Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Kızılgöz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mecit Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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179
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Liu J, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang S. Regulation of Microglial Activation by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling After Global Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:308-325. [PMID: 37607993 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system. Following cerebral ischemia, microglia will be rapidly activated and undergo proliferation, morphological transformation, and changes in gene expression and function. At present, the regulatory mechanisms of microglial activation following ischemia remain largely unclear. In this study, we took advantage of CX3CR1GFP/+ fluorescent mice and a global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model to investigate the mechanisms of microglial activation following different degrees of global ischemia. Our results showed that the proliferation of microglia was gated by the degree of ischemia. Marked microglial de-ramification and proliferation were observed after 60 min of ischemia but not in transient ischemia (20 min). Immunohistology, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting analysis showed that microglial activation was accompanied with a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin signaling after cerebral ischemia. Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using Wnt antagonist XAV939 during 20 min ischemia promoted microglial de-ramification and proliferation. In contrast, enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling using Wnt agonist LiCl during 60 min ischemia-reduced microglial de-ramification and proliferation. Importantly, we found that Wnt agonist inhibited inflammation in the ischemic brain and was conducive to animal behavioral recovery. Collectively, these data demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling played a key role in microglial activation following cerebral ischemia, and regulating microglial activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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180
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Lipińska MM, Olędrzyńska N, Dudek M, Naczk AM, Łuszczek D, Szabó P, Speckmaier M, Szlachetko DL. Characters evolution of Encyclia (Laeliinae-Orchidaceae) reveals a complex pattern not phylogenetically determined: insights from macro- and micro morphology. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:661. [PMID: 38124025 PMCID: PMC10731901 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Encyclia is the second-largest genus in the neotropical subtribe Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) and has more than 150 species, which are characterized by fairly consistent flower morphology. Its taxonomy and species boundaries, however, seem to be still under debate. In the present study, we first examined the lip micromorphology of 61 species of Encyclia sensu stricto. We correlated our results with external flower morphology and phylogenetic analyses performed on a combined dataset that included both nuclear (ITS, Xdh, PhyC) and plastid markers (ycf1, rpl32, and trnL-trnF). Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that Encyclia sensu stricto species form a coherent, monophyletic group. However, it is difficult to determine the relationships between the different groups within one larger clade. The groups all form distinct lineages that evolved from a common ancestor. The UPGMA cluster analysis for the seven qualitative micromorphological features clearly divides the genus into two main groups, the larger of which is further subdivided into two subgroups. None of these, however, overlap with any of the phylogeographic units distinguished in previously published papers or in presented article. It is worth noting that the groups resulting from the UPGMA analysis cannot be defined by macromorphological features. The pattern of similarities between species, taking into account both macro- and micromorphological features, is eminently mosaic in nature, and only a multifaceted approach can explain this enigmatic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Lipińska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland
- Foundation Polish Orchid Association, Sopot, 81825, Poland
| | - Natalia Olędrzyńska
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dudek
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Naczk
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland.
| | - Dorota Łuszczek
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland
| | - Peter Szabó
- Individual Researcher, Vasvár, 9800, Hungary
| | - Manfred Speckmaier
- Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14/2, Raum G-10, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Dariusz L Szlachetko
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80308, Poland
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181
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Liu YJ, Qi ZX, Li Y, Yue L, Zhao GP, Gui XY, Dong P, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li X. A new species and new records of Hymenopellis and Xerula (Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) from China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16681. [PMID: 38144183 PMCID: PMC10748483 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenopellis is the genus that exhibits the highest number of species within the Xerula/Oudemansiella complex. Numerous species of Hymenopellis demonstrate edibility, and some of these species have been domesticated and cultivated. During an extensive survey carried out in Henan and Jilin Provinces, China, a substantial quantity of Hymenopellis specimens was gathered as a component of the macrofungal resource inventory. Based on the findings of morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, a new species, Hymenopellis biyangensis, has been identified. A new record species, Hymenopellis altissima, has been discovered in China. Additionally, two new record species, Hymenopellis raphanipes and Xerula strigosa, have been found in Henan Province. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal (nrLSU) were used to establish a phylogeny for species identification. Detailed descriptions, field habitat maps and line drawings of these species are presented. The discussion focuses on the relationships between newly discovered species and other related taxa. Additionally, this study provides and a key to the documented species of Hymenopellis and Xerula found in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-jie Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng-xiang Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - You Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-ping Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-yue Gui
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Ching
| | - Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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182
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Shao M, Zhang W, Li Y, Tang L, Hao ZZ, Liu S. Patch-seq: Advances and Biological Applications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:8. [PMID: 38123823 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal analysis of gene-expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and morphological phenotypes at the single-cell/single-nucleus level has been arduous because of the diversity and complexity of neurons. The emergence of Patch-sequencing (Patch-seq) directly links transcriptomics, morphology, and electrophysiology, taking neuroscience research to a multimodal era. In this review, we summarized the development of Patch-seq and recent applications in the cortex, hippocampus, and other nervous systems. Through generating multimodal cell type atlases, targeting specific cell populations, and correlating transcriptomic data with phenotypic information, Patch-seq has provided new insight into outstanding questions in neuroscience. We highlight the challenges and opportunities of Patch-seq in neuroscience and hope to shed new light on future neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingting Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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183
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Guo Z, Zhou L, Chen X, Song Q. Carbon-coated copper nanocrystals with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for sensitive colorimetric determination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:37. [PMID: 38110783 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-coated copper nanocrystals (CuNCs) with peroxidase-like activity were hydrothermally prepared by using copper acetate, citric acid (CA) and histidine (His) as the precursors. Various shaped CuNCs, including urchin-like, slab-like and spherical appearance were facilely prepared by addition of different amount of NaNO2 in the precursor solutions. When 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as the substrate, the CuNCs with urchin-like appearance have greatest peroxidase-like activity and their Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and the maximum rate constant (νmax) are respectively 8.8 and 1.2 times higher than that obtained from horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was confirmed by radical quenching and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. Subsequent studies have found that the CuNCs catalyzed color reaction of TMB can be selectively quenched by the environmental pollutant 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). Thus a new colorimetric method for the determination of 2,4-DNPH with a linear range of 0.60-20 µM was developed and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.166 µM was achieved. The results obtained not only reveal the tunability of the peroxidase-like activity of Cu-based nanomaterials, but also provide a new method for the sensitive determination of environmental contaminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qijun Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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184
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Li J, Wu J, Wang J, Wang X. Phenotypic variations induced emergence of orientation order and morphology in Bacillus subtilis biofilm growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149198. [PMID: 37931362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
During the Bacillus subtilis biofilm growth on the solid MSgg substrate, the biofilm exhibits highly ordered structures such as matrix-producing-cell chains and Van Gogh bundles due to bacterial orientation order. These structures make the biofilm have strong mobility and environmental adaptability, thus making bacteria easier to survive and thrive in biofilms comparing to planktonic bacteria. We tested the behaviors of different phenotypes as well as their impacts on bacterial clusters: motile cells arrange disorderly, the biofilm made up of motile cells tends to be circular and isotropic; matrix-producing cells form cellular chains that guide motile cells along the chain to form a locally nematic phase, the morphology of the biofilm made up of both motile cells and matrix-producing cells is rendered irregular. Combining the results of a coarse-grained and individual-based model, we can control the biofilm growth through regulating environmental friction, bacterial growth rate and adhesion between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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185
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Padilla P, Herrel A, Denoël M. What makes a great invader? Anatomical traits as predictors of locomotor performance and metabolic rate in an invasive frog. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246717. [PMID: 37955111 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are characterized by their ability to establish and spread in a new environment. In alien populations of anurans, dispersal and fitness-related traits such as endurance, burst performance and metabolism are key to their success. However, few studies have investigated inter-individual variation in these traits and more specifically have attempted to understand the drivers of variation in these traits. Associations of anatomical features may be excellent predictors of variation in performance and could be targets for selection or subject to trade-offs during invasions. In this study, we used marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus), a species that has been introduced in many places outside its native range and which is now colonizing large areas of Western Europe. We first measured the inter-individual variation in resting metabolism, the time and distance they were able to jump until exhaustion, and their peak jump force, and then measured the mass of specific organs and lengths of body parts suspected to play a role in locomotion and metabolism. Among the 5000 bootstrap replicates on body size-corrected variables, our statistical models most often selected the stomach (75.42%), gonads (71.46%) and the kidneys (67.26%) as predictors of inter-individual variation in metabolism, and the gluteus maximus muscle (97.24%) mass was the most frequently selected predictor of jump force. However, endurance was poorly associated with the anatomical traits (R2distance=0.42, R2time=0.37). These findings suggest that selection on these predictors may lead to physiological changes that may affect the colonization, establishment and dispersal of these frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Padilla
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium
- UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium
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186
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Araspin L, Measey J, Herrel A. Does aquatic performance predict terrestrial performance: a case study with an aquatic frog, Xenopus laevis. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246545. [PMID: 37990942 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of the environment impose strong selection on organisms and their form-function relationships. In water and on land, selective pressures differ, with water being more viscous and denser than air, and gravity being the most important external force on land for relatively large animals such as vertebrates. These different properties of the environment could drive variation in the design and mechanics of the locomotor system of organisms. Animals that use multiple environments can consequently exhibit locomotion conflicts between the demands imposed by the media, leading to potential trade-offs. Here, we tested for the presence of such locomotor trade-offs depending on the environment (water or land) in a largely aquatic frog, Xenopus laevis. We focused on terrestrial and aquatic exertion capacity (time and distance swum or jumped until exhaustion) and aquatic and terrestrial burst capacity (maximal instantaneous swimming velocity and maximal force jump) given the ecological relevance of these traits. We tested these performance traits for trade-offs, depending on environments (water versus air) and locomotor modes (i.e. exertion and burst performance). Finally, we assessed the contribution of morphological traits to each performance trait. Our data show no trade-offs between the performance traits and between the environments, suggesting that X. laevis is equally good at swimming and jumping thanks to the same underlying morphological specialisations. We did observe, however, that morphological predictors differed depending on the environment, with variation in head shape and forelimb length being good predictors for aquatic locomotion and variation in hindlimb and forelimb segments predicting variation in jumping performance on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Araspin
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute for Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
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187
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Wang R, Dong X, Ling Q, Hu Z, Gao Y, Chen Y, Liu Y. Nucleation and Crystallization in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites using Formamidinium-based Organic Semiconductor Spacers for Efficient Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314690. [PMID: 37877629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The conjugated organic semiconductor spacers have drawn wide attention in two-dimensional (2D) perovskites and formamidinium (FA) has been widely used as A-site cation in high-performance 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the FA-based semiconductor spacers have rarely been investigated in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites. Here, we developed two FA-based spacers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) and 2,2'-bithiophene (BT) units, namely TTFA and BTFA, respectively, for 2D RP PSCs. The nucleation and crystallization kinetics of TTFA-Pb and BTFA-Pb from sol-gel to film were investigated using in situ optical microscopy and in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. It is found that the TTFA spacer could reduce the energy barrier of nucleation and induces crystal vertical orientation of 2D perovskite by forming larger clusters in precursor solution, resulting in much improved film quality. Benefiting from the enlarged crystal grains, reduced exciton binding energy, and decreased electron-phonon coupling coefficient, the photovoltaic device based on (TTFA)2 MAn-1 Pbn I3n+1 (n=5) achieved a champion efficiency of 19.41 %, which is a record for 2D RP PSCs with FA-based spacers. Our work provides deep understanding of the nucleation and crystallization process of 2D RP perovskite films and highlights the great potential of FA-based semiconductor spacers in highly efficient 2D PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiyue Dong
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qin Ling
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Oliveira WJ, Perin PP, Arias Pacheco CA, Mendonça TO, de Souza Pollo A, do Amaral RB, de Oliveira Zolla N, de Oliveira Andrade L, Gomes JS, Dos Santos VMS, de Moraes Ferreira AF, Lux Hoppe EG. Integrative taxonomy of Metastrongylus spp. in wild boars from Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:449. [PMID: 38053206 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild boars (Sus scrofa) may cause substantial damage to crops and can spread zoonotic parasites to domestic animals, posing a risk to health and animal production. Metastrongylus spp. can negatively affect the wild boar population, increasing piglet mortality. In addition to that, studies with Metastrongylus genetic characterization are still scarce in Brazil. The present study aims to characterize Metastrongylus spp. from wild boars hunted in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using traditional morphological description and DNA sequences in an integrative taxonomic approach. METHODS After nematode collection from 58 wild boars, the parasites were morphologically identified and genetically characterized by the amplification of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 28S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and cox-1 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Descriptors of infection were determined and Pearson's Chi-square test was applied to compare the prevalence of infections among the identified parasite species, host age group (juveniles and adults), and sex. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the mean intensity between the age groups and sex. RESULTS Metastrongylus salmi, Metastrongylus apri, and Metastrongylus pudendotectus were identified in 77.6% (45/58) of the necropsied wild boars. Metastrongylus salmi was the most prevalent and abundant species (70.7%, 11.1), followed by M. pudendotectus (18.9%, 4.3) and M. apri (17.2%, 2.2). Metastrongylus pudendotectus showed the highest mean intensity and range (25.2, 1-93), followed by M. salmi (15.7, 1-58) and M. apri (12.6, 3-27). We found a significantly higher prevalence of Metastrongylus spp. and M. salmi in adult wild boars, probably associated with a more prolonged time of exposure to intermediate host species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that ITS2 region and cox-1 mtDNA are the most suitable genetic markers for Metastrongylus species characterization. Genetic variability between M. apri and M. salmi isolates was verified. CONCLUSIONS We expand the knowledge about the Metastrongylus community in the non-captive wild boar population from Brazil as well as the importance of this exotic species in the maintenance of Metastrongylus spp. in its areas of occurrence. The novel genetic sequences obtained may help further studies to understand the genetic diversity in other nematode populations from Brazil and other countries.
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Riaz U, Farooq A, Alam J. Microwave-assisted rapid degradation of Methyl red dye using Polyfuran/Polythiophene and its Co-oligomers as catalysts. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123106. [PMID: 37441955 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The work reports for the first time microwave-assisted degradation of Methyl Red (MR) dye using polythiophene (PTh), polyfuran (PFu) and its co-oligomers. The co-oligomers were synthesized by sonication using varying mol ratios of PFu/PTh (80:20, 50:50 and 20:80). The polymers and its co-oligomers were analyzed for their spectral and morphological properties using FTIR, UV-visible and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with elemental mapping. The oligomers as well as pristine polymers were used as microwave active catalysts to degraded Methyl Red (MR) dye. The degradation was found to follow the pseudo-first-order model. Maximum degradation of 99% was achieved using PFu/PTh-50/50 as catalyst. Scavenging tests were also carried out to confirm the generation of radicals responsible for the effective degradation of the dye. The LCMS studies were used to explore the degraded fragments and a plausible mechanism was proposed to reveal the degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufana Riaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, NC 27707, USA; Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Aaliyah Farooq
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Javed Alam
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mendoza-Franco EF, Hernández-Gómez RE, Caspeta-Mandujano JM. New and previously known ectoparasitic monogenoids (Platyhelminthes) on native and non-native fishes from tributaries of the Usumacinta River basin (southern Mexico), a Neotropical transition zone. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:92-100. [PMID: 37771554 PMCID: PMC10522943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
During a research on morphological diversity of gill ectoparasites on native and non-native fishes from tributaries (Palizada, El Recreo and Lacantún rivers) of the Usumacinta River Basin in the states of Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas (southern Mexico), the following monogenoids were found: Icelanonchohaptor tropicalis n. sp. on Usumacinta buffalo Ictiobus meridionalis (Günther, 1868) (Catostomidae); Heteropriapulus simplexiodes n. sp. and Heteropriapulus heterotylioides n. sp. on catfishes Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Loricariidae) (type host) and Pterygoplichthys disyunctivus (Weber, 1991); Ligictaluridus mirabilis (Mueller 1937; Klassen and Beverley-Burton1985 from the southern blue catfish Ictalurus meridionalis (Günther, 1864) (Ictaluridae); Aristocleidus mexicanus Mendoza-Franco and Vidal-Martínez, 2001 on Eugerres mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Gerreidae) (all monogenoidean species in the Dactylogyridae); and Diplectanocotyla megalopis Rakotofiringa and Oliver1987 (Diplectanidae) on tarpon Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847 (Megalopidae). The new species of Icelanonchohaptor and Heteropriapulus are herein described for the first time from a native catostomid and non-native Pterygoplichthys spp., respectively. While I. tropicalis n. sp. and L. mirabilis are morphologically comparable with their congeners from the Nearctic (i.e., United States and Canada), all other monogenoids exhibited Neotropical affinities. Present study shown that the gill monogenoids on native and non-native fishes in the Neotropical Mexican transition zone of the Usumacinta River basin are equally represented by species with Nearctic and Neotropical affinities including those adapted to freshwater environment in this area from marine ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco
- Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, CP 24029, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Raúl E. Hernández-Gómez
- Division Académica Multidisciplinaria de los Ríos, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carretera Tenosique-Estapilla km. 10, CP. 86901, Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Caspeta-Mandujano
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Laboratorio de Parasitología de Animales Silvestres, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad No. 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Ibitoye BO, Fasasi AO, Imosemi IO, Alabi O, Olaniyan OT, Ibitoye FO, Faduola P, Bodun DS, Wike NY. The spermiogram and correlation of seminal fluid parameters in patient attending fertility centre in Lagos, South West Nigeria. Morphologie 2023; 107:100606. [PMID: 37385852 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determinant of the spermiogram of semen varies in different populations based on several factors ranging, from age to the pathological state of an individual to environmental factors. The aim of the study is to determine the spermiogram of patients that attend fertility clinics in southwest Nigeria and the relationship between the parameters. METHODOLOGY This is a cross-sectional study that recruited two hundred and ninety seven (297) patients from two fertility centers in Lagos, Nigeria for the period of January 2021 to November 2022. The sperm samples were collected following WHO standards. The spermiogram was analyzed using an automated sperm analyzer and the descriptive and inference statistics of the study were carried out using R packages (R version 4.2.0). RESULTS The result showed the mean age of 43.12±6.95years with median age of 42years. The mean of sperm count and concentration were 114×106 sperm cells and 42×106 per mL with the mean volume of the semen produced by the patients was 2.69mL and average motility (progressive and non-progressive) of the sperm is 47%±19%, 42%±17% has normal morphology. The distributions of the observed variables (seminal fluid parameters) were different from normal distributions in the studied population, such that almost all of them are skewed to the right. The degree of relationship between the sperm parameter were very weak. Nevertheless, specifically, there is a negative correlation between age and sperm count, age and motility, age and volume, and a positive correlation between age and abnormal morphology. The results showed that sperm morphology has a significant effect on motility while sperm morphology significantly depend on sperm count. CONCLUSION An increase in sperm volume and concentration improves the sperm morphology and boost the sperm motility, this may increasing the chance of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ibitoye
- Department of Anatomy, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - A O Fasasi
- Omega Golden Fertility, Plot 8 Tunde Oyerinde Close, Peninsula Estate Ajiwe Ajah, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I O Imosemi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O Alabi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Rufus Giwa polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - O T Olaniyan
- Department of Physiology, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria
| | - F O Ibitoye
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - P Faduola
- Androcare Fertility Centre, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D S Bodun
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria
| | - N Y Wike
- Department of Physiology, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria
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Hayashi K, Tajima G, Oikawa R, Maruyama M, Sugawara A, Oikawa S, Oya Y, Doita M. Morphology of the proximal tibiofibular joint and ligaments using three-dimensional computed tomography: A cadaveric study. Knee 2023; 45:27-34. [PMID: 37769379 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to clarify the morphology of the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ), insertion sites of the proximal tibiofibular ligaments (PTFLs), and related osseous landmarks on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS Cadaveric knees were evaluated by dissection and 3D CT imaging. The anterior PTFL (A-PTFL) and posterior PTFL (P-PTFL) were isolated, and their tibial and fibular insertion sites were identified. The morphology and location of insertion sites and their positional relationships with osseous structures were analyzed on 3D CT images. RESULTS The A-PTFL comprised up to four bundles, and the P-PTFL comprised two bundles. The mean length of the A-PTFL and P-PTFL was 11.3 mm and 10.3 mm, respectively. On the tibial side of the PTFJ, bony prominences were present at the A-PTFL and P-PTFL insertion sites and were clearly identified as osseous landmarks in all knees. On the fibular side, the A-PTFL and P-PTFL insertion sites were at the edge of the triangular pyramid of the fibular head. The mean PTFJ area was 198.8 mm2, and the mean inclination angle between PTFJ and tibial plane was 38.4°. There was an inverse correlation between the PTFJ surface area and the inclination angle. CONCLUSION The present study clearly identified PTFL insertion sites on the tibia and fibula and showed the relationships between these insertions and osseous landmarks. These data improve our understanding of the anatomy of PTFL insertions, which may assist surgeons in performing anatomical reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Goro Tajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Ryunosuke Oikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Moritaka Maruyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugawara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Shinya Oikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Oya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
| | - Minoru Doita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3695, Japan
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Ito N, Sigurðsson HB, Snyder-Mackler L, Grävare Silbernagel K. Time to treat the tendon rupture induced by surgery: early hypertrophy of the patellar tendon graft site predicts strong quadriceps after ACLR with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5791-5798. [PMID: 37934286 PMCID: PMC10842920 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quadriceps dysfunction is ubiquitous after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially when using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts. The role of patellar tendon hypertrophy after graft harvest on knee extensor strength is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive ability of patellar tendon (PT) and quadriceps muscle (Quad) cross-sectional area (CSA) on knee extensor strength 1-2 months after ACLR using BPTB autografts. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort 1-2 months after ACLR using BPTB autograft. Peak knee extensor torque, and PT and Quad CSA measured using ultrasound imaging, were collected in 13 males and 14 females. Simple linear regressions compared quadriceps strength index (QI) against limb symmetry index (LSI) in PT and Quad CSA. Multiple linear regressions with sequential model comparisons predicting peak knee extensor torque were performed for each limb. The base model included demographics. Quad CSA was added in the first model, then PT CSA was added in the second model. RESULTS Both PT (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.693) and Quadriceps CSA (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.223) LSI had a positive linear relationship with QI. In the involved limb, addition of PT CSA significantly improved the model (R2 = 0.781, ΔR2 = 0.211, p for ΔR2 < 0.001). In the uninvolved limb, the addition of Quad CSA improved the model, but the addition of PT CSA did not. CONCLUSION PT LSI was more predictive of QI than Quad CSA LSI. Involved limb PT CSA mattered more in predicting peak knee extensor torque than did Quad CSA, but in the uninvolved limb, Quad CSA was the most important predictor of peak knee extensor torque. Graft site patellar tendon hypertrophy is key for strong quadriceps early after ACLR. Early targeted loading via exercise to promote healing of the graft site patellar tendon may bring patients a step closer to winning their battle against quadriceps dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Ito
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Lynn Snyder-Mackler
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Karin Grävare Silbernagel
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Brown LS, King NE, Courtney JM, Gasperini RJ, Foa L, Howells DW, Sutherland BA. Brain pericytes in culture display diverse morphological and functional phenotypes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2999-3014. [PMID: 37322257 PMCID: PMC10693527 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes play several important functions in the neurovascular unit including contractile control of capillaries, maintenance of the BBB, regulation of angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. There exists a continuum of pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree which exhibit both morphological and transcriptomic differences. While different functions have been associated with the pericyte subtypes in vivo, numerous recent publications have used a primary human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) cell line where this pericyte heterogeneity has not been considered. Here, we used primary HBVP cultures, high-definition imaging, cell motility tracking, and immunocytochemistry to characterise morphology, protein expression, and contractile behaviour to determine whether heterogeneity of pericytes also exists in cultures. We identified five distinct morphological subtypes that were defined using both qualitative criteria and quantitative shape analysis. The proportion of each subtype present within the culture changed as passage number increased, but pericytes did not change morphological subtype over short time periods. The rate and extent of cellular and membrane motility differed across the subtypes. Immunocytochemistry revealed differential expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) across subtypes. αSMA is essential for cell contractility, and consequently, only subtypes with high αSMA expression contracted in response to physiological vasoconstrictors endothelin-1 (ET1) and noradrenaline (NA). We conclude that there are distinct morphological subtypes in HBVP culture, which display different behaviours. This has significance for the use of HBVP when modelling pericyte physiology in vitro where relevance to in vivo pericyte subtypes along the vascular tree must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan S Brown
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Natalie E King
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Jo-Maree Courtney
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert J Gasperini
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4 Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Freire JMS, Farias ND, Hégaret H, da Silva PM. Morphological and functional characterization of the oyster Crassostrea gasar circulating hemocytes: Cell types and phagocytosis activity. Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep 2023; 4:100089. [PMID: 36941832 PMCID: PMC10023951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes are the circulating cells of the hemolymph of oysters and are responsible for numerous physiological functions, including immune defense. The oyster Crassostrea gasar is a native species inhabiting mangrove habitat and is of great commercial interest, cultured throughout the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast. Despite its commercial importance, little is known about its immunological aspects and defense cells, the hemocytes. This work aimed to morphologically characterize hemocytes of the oyster C. gasar and to study one of the main cellular defense response, phagocytosis, using light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed the presence of six hemocyte populations in C. gasar hemolymph. These comprise of large and small granulocytes, large and small hyalinocytes, blast-like cells and a rare type classified as vesicular or serous hemocytes. Hyalinocytes were highly abundant and the most heterogeneous cell population, while small granulocytes, along with vesicular hemocytes were the less abundant population. Hemocytes of C. gasar oysters demonstrated capabilities to phagocytose three different types of particles tested: zymosan A, latex particles and Escherichia coli, indicating a broad defense capacity. The zymosan A were the most engulfed particles, followed by beads, mainly phagocytized by granulocytes, the most phagocytic cells, and finally E. coli, which were the least phagocytized. This study is the first characterization of C. gasar oyster hemocytes and will support future studies that aim to understand the participation of different hemocyte types in defense responses against pathogens and/or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesarela Merabe Silva Freire
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Natanael Dantas Farias
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR-UMR6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Seitbekova A, Khabiyeva A, Bissengali A, Mankeeva Z, Pashan D. The Basis of the Adoption of Borrowed Letters in the Kazakh Alphabet. J Psycholinguist Res 2023; 52:2979-2999. [PMID: 37950837 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-10030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the words with the letters "f" and "x" used in the Kazakh language originated from Arabic and Persian and are found in European words that entered through the Russian language. Of the article is to discuss the basics of translating the letters "f" and "x" into the Kazakh alphabet. The use of religious and European words in normative dictionaries, with the letters "f" and "x" and entered into the language through the Russian language, is analysed on the basis of the methods of linguistics and statistical analysis. The specifics of these letters in religious discourse and their use in onomastics will be determined. The reasons for the inclusion of the letters "f" and "x" in the improved new alphabet are mentioned. Investigating how the Kazakh language adopts and modifies foreign sounds can contribute to a broader understanding of linguistic adaptation. The proposed research paper can be used in the analysis of the problem of assimilation of borrowed words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Seitbekova
- Department of Language History and Turkology, A. Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, 29 Kurmangazy Str., 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Almagul Khabiyeva
- Department of Lexicology, A. Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, 29 Kurmangazy Str., 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Akmaral Bissengali
- Department of Terminology, A. Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, 29 Kurmangazy Str., 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhamal Mankeeva
- Department of Lexicology, A. Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, 29 Kurmangazy Str., 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Pashan
- Department of Onomastics, A. Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, 29 Kurmangazy Str., 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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197
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Inoue J, Dadoo S, Nukuto K, Özbek EA, Lesniak BP, Sprague AL, Irrgang JJ, Musahl V. Near complete quadriceps tendon healing 2 years following harvest in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5747-5754. [PMID: 37930438 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the recent increase in the use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, there remains a paucity of literature evaluating the postoperative morphology of the QT. The present study aimed to determine the postoperative morphologic change of the QT at a minimum of 2 years following harvesting during ACLR. METHODS Patients who underwent ACLR with QT autograft and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a minimum of 2 years following harvesting were retrospectively included in the study. The anterior-to-posterior (A-P) thickness, medial-to-lateral (M-L) width, cross-sectional area (CSA), and signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of the QT were assessed at 5 mm, 15 mm, and 30 mm proximal to the superior pole of the patella on MRI. The CSA was adjusted by the angle between the QT and the plane of the axial cut based on a cosine function (adjusted CSA). The A-P thickness, M-L width, adjusted CSA, and SNQ were compared pre- and postoperatively. In addition, defects or scar tissue formation in the harvest site were investigated on postoperative MRI. RESULTS Thirty patients were recruited for the study. The mean duration between postoperative MRI and surgery was 2.8 ± 1.1 years. The mean A-P thickness was 10.3% and 11.9% larger postoperatively at 5 mm and 15 mm, respectively. The mean M-L width was 7.3% and 6.5% smaller postoperatively at 5 mm and 15 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in the adjusted CSA between pre- and post-operative states (275.7 ± 71.6 mm2 vs. 286.7 ± 91.8 mm2, n.s.). There was no significant difference in the postoperative change in the SNQ of the QT at all assessment locations. Defect or scar tissue formation at the harvest site was observed in 4 cases (13.3%), and 5 cases (16.6%), respectively. CONCLUSION At a minimum of 2 years following QT harvest during ACLR, the QT became slightly thicker and narrower (approximately 11% and 7%, respectively). While the current study demonstrates that QT re-harvesting can be considered due to nearly normalized tendon morphology, future histological and biomechanical studies are required to determine the re-harvesting potential of the QT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Koji Nukuto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Emre Anil Özbek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bryson P Lesniak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Andrew L Sprague
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James J Irrgang
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
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198
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de Chambrier A, Kudlai O, McAllister CT, Scholz T. Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:255-275. [PMID: 38107547 PMCID: PMC10724698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Ophiotaenia La Rue, 1911 parasitize herptiles (= amphibians and 'reptiles') throughout the world, with about 100 species recognised as valid. In the present work, the North American species found in watersnakes (Colubridae) are reviewed. An examination of the holotype of Ophiotaenia perspicua La Rue, 1911, the type species of the genus, and other specimens from Nerodia rhombifer (Hallowell) revealed that two species were used for the species description. The 'true' O. perspicua has a small scolex and small, round suckers. This species is redescribed based on new material from Oklahoma, USA. The other species from N. rhombifer, Ophiotaenia laruei n. sp., has a larger scolex and larger, almost triangular suckers. Examination of the types of O. variabilis (Brooks, 1978) from N. rhombifer and N. cyclopion (Duméril, Bibron et Duméril) from Louisiana, USA has revealed that it is a mixture of two or more species. Because of poor quality of these specimens, it is not possible to adequately characterise O. variabilis, which is considered a species inquirenda. In addition, two new species are described from Nerodia fasciata confluens (Blanchard). Ophiotaenia currani n. sp. from Mississippi, USA is characterised by elongate, narrow proglottids, few testes, and a relatively long cirrus sac. Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from Louisiana, USA is characterised by relatively short and wide proglottids, more testes, and an unusual terminal part of the vagina with folds. Morphologically similar tapeworms of N. fasciata confluens, N. erythrogaster (Förster), N. sipedon (Linnaeus), and Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacépède) (Viperidae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA, which are genetically nearly identical, are considered to be conspecific with O. tkachi n. sp. The present data suggest a high, previously undescribed species diversity of proteocephalid tapeworms in watersnakes in North America, and generally strict host specificity of these tapeworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain de Chambrier
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 6434, CH-1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Chris T. McAllister
- Division of Natural Sciences, Northeast Texas Community College, Mt Pleasant, TX, 75455, USA
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Mahdieh M, Talebi SM, Dehghan T, Tabaripour R, Matsyura A. Molecular genetics, seed morphology and fatty acids diversity in castor (Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae) Iranian populations. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9859-9873. [PMID: 37848759 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds contain a large amount of oil that has several biological activities. In the current research, phytogeographic distribution, seed morphological characteristics, molecular genetic diversity and structure, and fatty acid composition were investigated in nine Iranian castor populations. METHODS AND RESULTS The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol was used to extract the nuclear genomes. These were later amplified using 13 SCoT molecular primers. The phytogeographic distribution was determined based on the Zohary mapping, GC apparatus determined the fatty acid composition of the seeds. GenAlex, STRUCTURE, GenoDive, PopGene, and PopART software were used for the statistical analyzes. On phytogeographic mapping, the harvested populations belonged to different districts of the Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian regions (Holarctic kingdom). Most of the quantitative morphological traits of the seeds differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between the populations. The AMOVA test demonstrated a large proportion of significant genetic diversity assigned among populations, which were approved by some estimated parameters of genetic diversity such as Nm, Ht, Hs, and Gst. Nei's genetic distance and structure analysis confirmed the existence of two main genotype groups and some intermediates. However, there was no isolation by distance between the genotypes. Unsaturated fatty acids were detected as the main component of seed oil with linoleic and ricinoleic acids. Significant correlations were detected between the main fatty acids of seed oil with seed morphological traits, geographic distance and the geographic parameters of habitats. According to the composition of the seed fatty acids, four chemotypes groups were detected. CONCLUSIONS The classification patterns of the populations based on molecular genetic data, fatty acid composition, and phytogeographic mapping were not identical. These findings indicated that Iranian castor populations had unusual seed fatty acid composition which strongly depended on habitat geographic factors and seed morphological traits. However, the identified chemotypes and genotypes can be used in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mahdieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Raheleh Tabaripour
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Bento M, da Fonseca CV. Two New Species of Cryptolestes Ganglbauer (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea, Laemophloeidae) from the Philippines and Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:1057-1063. [PMID: 37782400 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of Cryptolestes Ganglbauer (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea, Laemophloeidae) are described and illustrated in this paper. Cryptolestes cervus sp. nov. from the Philippines and C. subcalabozus sp. nov. from Brazil are compared to their most similar congeners, from which they are distinguished based on the morphology of the male antennal scape. In addition, Cryptolestes beccarii (Grouvelle) is here redescribed based on the newly designated lectotype, with commentaries on the variation of the male antennal scape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Sistemática E Ecologia de Coleoptera (LASEC), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Vasconcelos da Fonseca
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Sistemática E Ecologia de Coleoptera (LASEC), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
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