351
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Deng CL, Liu SQ, Zhou DG, Xu LL, Li XD, Zhang PT, Li PH, Ye HQ, Wei HP, Yuan ZM, Qin CF, Zhang B. Development of Neutralization Assay Using an eGFP Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070181. [PMID: 27367716 PMCID: PMC4974516 DOI: 10.3390/v8070181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a member of the Alphavirus genus, is an important human emerging/re-emerging pathogen. Currently, there are no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines against CHIKV infection. Herein, we construct an infectious clone of CHIKV and an eGFP reporter CHIKV (eGFP-CHIKV) with an isolated strain (assigned to Asian lineage) from CHIKV-infected patients. The eGFP-CHIKV reporter virus allows for direct visualization of viral replication through the levels of eGFP expression. Using a known CHIKV inhibitor, ribavirin, we confirmed that the eGFP-CHIKV reporter virus could be used to identify inhibitors against CHIKV. Importantly, we developed a novel and reliable eGFP-CHIKV reporter virus-based neutralization assay that could be used for rapid screening neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Si-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Dong-Gen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center, Ningbo 315012, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Pan-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hong-Ping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Tossavainen H, Aitio O, Hellman M, Saksela K, Permi P. Structural Basis of the High Affinity Interaction between the Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein-3 (nsP3) and the SH3 Domain of Amphiphysin-2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16307-17. [PMID: 27268056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that a peptide from Chikungunya virus nsP3 protein spanning residues 1728-1744 binds the amphiphysin-2 (BIN1) Src homology-3 (SH3) domain with an unusually high affinity (Kd 24 nm). Our NMR solution complex structure together with isothermal titration calorimetry data on several related viral and cellular peptide ligands reveal that this exceptional affinity originates from interactions between multiple basic residues in the target peptide and the extensive negatively charged binding surface of amphiphysin-2 SH3. Remarkably, these arginines show no fixed conformation in the complex structure, indicating that a transient or fluctuating polyelectrostatic interaction accounts for this affinity. Thus, via optimization of such dynamic electrostatic forces, viral peptides have evolved a superior binding affinity for amphiphysin-2 SH3 compared with typical cellular ligands, such as dynamin, thereby enabling hijacking of amphiphysin-2 SH3-regulated host cell processes by these viruses. Moreover, our data show that the previously described consensus sequence PXRPXR for amphiphysin SH3 ligands is inaccurate and instead define it as an extended Class II binding motif PXXPXRpXR, where additional positive charges between the two constant arginine residues can give rise to extraordinary high SH3 binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tossavainen
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Olli Aitio
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Maarit Hellman
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and
| | - Kalle Saksela
- the Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Perttu Permi
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki and the Departments of Biological and Environmental Science and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
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353
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Jain J, Mathur K, Shrinet J, Bhatnagar RK, Sunil S. Analysis of coevolution in nonstructural proteins of chikungunya virus. Virol J 2016; 13:86. [PMID: 27251040 PMCID: PMC4890524 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA viruses are characterized by high rate of mutations mainly due to the lack of proofreading repair activities associated with its RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp). In case of arboviruses, this phenomenon has lead to the existence of mixed population of genomic variants within the host called quasi-species. The stability of strains within the quasi-species lies on mutations that are positively selected which in turn depend on whether these mutations are beneficial in either or both hosts. Coevolution of amino acids (aa) is one phenomenon that leads to establishment of favorable traits in viruses and leading to their fitness. Results Fourteen CHIKV clinical samples collected over three years were subjected to RT-PCR, the four non-structural genes amplified and subjected to various genetic analyses. Coevolution analysis showed 30 aa pairs coevolving in nsP1, 23 aa pairs coevolving in nsP2, 239 in nsP3 and 46 aa coevolving pairs in nsP4 when each non-structural protein was considered independently. Further analysis showed that 705 amino acids pairs of the non-structural polyproteins coevolved together with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.5. Functional relevance of these coevolving amino acids in all the nonstructural proteins of CHIKV were predicted using Eukaryotic Linear Motifs (ELMs) of human. Conclusions The present study was undertaken to study co-evolving amino acids in the non-structural proteins of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an important arbovirus. It was observed that several amino acids residues were coevolving and shared common functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Jain
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kalika Mathur
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Raj K Bhatnagar
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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354
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Nyari N, Maan HS, Sharma S, Pandey SN, Dhole TN. Identification and genetic characterization of chikungunya virus from Aedes mosquito vector collected in the Lucknow district, North India. Acta Trop 2016; 158:117-124. [PMID: 26943997 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is an emerging mosquito-borne disease caused by the infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The CHIKV has been rarely detected in mosquito vectors from Northern India, since vector surveillance is an effective strategy in controlling and preventing CHIKV transmission. Thus, virological investigation for CHIKV among mosquitoes of Aedes (A.) species was carried out in the Lucknow district during March 2010 to October 2011. We collected adult mosquitoes from areas with CHIKV positive patients. The adult Aedes mosquito samples were pooled, homogenized, clarified and tested for CHIKV by nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) gene based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total 91 mosquito pools comprising of adult A. aegypti and A. albopictus were tested for CHIKV. The partial envelope protein (E1) gene sequences of mosquito-borne CHIKV strains were analyzed for genotyping. Of 91 pools, 6 pools of A. aegypti; and 2 pools of A. albopictus mosquitoes were identified positive for CHIKV by PCR. The phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of CHIKV strains in two sub-lineages within the monophyletic East-Central South African (ECSA) genotype. Novel amino acid changes at the positions 294 (P294L) and 295 (S295F) were observed during analysis of amino acid sequence of the partial E1 gene. This study demonstrates the genetic diversity of circulating CHIKV strains and reports the first detection of CHIKV strains in Aedes vector species from the state of Uttar Pradesh. These findings have implication for vector control strategies to mitigate vector population to prevent the likelihood of CHIKV epidemic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nyari
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rai Barelly Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H S Maan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rai Barelly Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rai Barelly Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S N Pandey
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T N Dhole
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rai Barelly Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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355
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Chiam CW, Sam IC, Chan YF, Wong KT, Ong KC. Immunohistochemical Detection of Chikungunya Virus Antigens in Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1426:235-40. [PMID: 27233276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is a histological technique that allows detection of one or more proteins of interest within a cell using specific antibody binding, followed by microscopic visualization of a chromogenic substrate catalyzed by peroxidase and/or alkaline phosphatase. Here, we describe a method to localize Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded infected mouse brain.
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356
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Rajasekharan S, Gupta S. Bioinformatics Based Approaches to Study Virus-Host Interactions During Chikungunya Virus Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1426:195-200. [PMID: 27233272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The limitations of high-throughput genomic methods used for studying virus-host interactions make it difficult to directly obtain insights on virus pathogenesis. In this chapter, the central steps of a protein structure similarity based computational approach used to predict the host interactors of Chikungunya virus are explained by highlighting the important aspects that need to be considered. Identification of such conserved set of putative interactions that allow the virus to take control of the host has the potential to deepen our understanding of the virus-specific remodeling processes of the host cell and illuminate new arenas of disease intervention.
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357
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Karpe YA, Pingale KD, Kanade GD. Activities of proteasome and m-calpain are essential for Chikungunya virus replication. Virus Genes 2016; 52:716-21. [PMID: 27206501 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Replication of many viruses is dependent on the ubiquitin proteasome system. The present study demonstrates that Chikungunya virus replication increases proteasome activity and induces unfolded protein response (UPR) in cultured cells. Further, it was seen that the virus replication was dependent on the activities of proteasomes and m-calpain. Proteasome inhibition induced accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and earlier visualization of UPR.
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358
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Tigoi C, Lwande O, Orindi B, Irura Z, Ongus J, Sang R. Seroepidemiology of selected arboviruses in febrile patients visiting selected health facilities in the lake/river basin areas of Lake Baringo, Lake Naivasha, and Tana River, Kenya. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:124-32. [PMID: 25700043 PMCID: PMC4340645 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Arboviruses cause emerging and re-emerging infections affecting humans and animals. They are spread primarily by blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, midges, and sandflies. Changes in climate, ecology, demographic, land-use patterns, and increasing global travel have been linked to an upsurge in arboviral disease. Outbreaks occur periodically followed by persistent low-level circulation. Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the seroepidemiology of selected arboviruses among febrile patients in selected lake/river basins of Kenya. Methods: Using a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive survey, febrile patients were recruited and their serum samples tested for exposure to immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Samples positive for CHIKV and WNV were further confirmed by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results: Of the 379 samples examined, 176 were IgG positive for at least one of these arboviruses (46.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 41.4–51.5%). Virus-specific prevalence for CCHF, RVF, WN, and CHIK was 25.6%, 19.5%, 12.4%, and 2.6%, respectively. These prevalences varied significantly with geographical site (p<0.001), with Tana recording the highest overall arboviral seropositivity. PRNT results for Alphaviruses confirmed that the actual viruses circulating in Baringo were Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and CHIKV, o'nyong nyong virus (ONNV) in Naivasha, and SFV and Sindbis virus (SINDV) in Tana delta. Among the flaviviruses tested, WNV was circulating in all the three sites. Conclusion: There is a high burden of febrile illness in humans due to CCHFV, RVFV, WNV, and CHIKV infection in the river/lake basin regions of Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tigoi
- 1 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Nairobi, Kenya
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359
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Waggoner JJ, Ballesteros G, Gresh L, Mohamed-Hadley A, Tellez Y, Sahoo MK, Abeynayake J, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Pinsky BA. Clinical evaluation of a single-reaction real-time RT-PCR for pan-dengue and chikungunya virus detection. J Clin Virol 2016; 78:57-61. [PMID: 26991052 PMCID: PMC4836994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) now co-circulate throughout tropical regions of the world, with billions of people living at risk of infection. The differentiation of these infections is important for epidemiologic surveillance as well as clinical care, though widely-used molecular diagnostics for DENV and CHIKV require the performance of two to four separate PCR reactions for detection. OBJECTIVES In the current study, we sought to develop and evaluate a single-reaction, multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for the detection and differentiation of DENV and CHIKV (the pan-DENV-CHIKV rRT-PCR). STUDY DESIGN From an alignment of all available CHIKV complete genome sequences in GenBank, a new CHIKV rRT-PCR was designed for use in multiplex with a previously described assay for pan-DENV detection. Analytical evaluation was performed in accordance with published recommendations, and the pan-DENV-CHIKV rRT-PCR was clinically compared to reference molecular diagnostics for DENV and CHIKV using 182 serum samples from suspected cases in Managua, Nicaragua. RESULTS The pan-DENV-CHIKV rRT-PCR had a dynamic range extending from 7.0 to 2.0 log10copies/μL for each DENV serotype and CHIKV, and the lower limits of 95% detection were 7.9-37.4copies/μL. The pan-DENV-CHIKV rRT-PCR detected DENV in 81 patients compared to 75 using a reference, hemi-nested DENV RT-PCR, and it demonstrated perfect agreement with a reference CHIKV rRT-PCR (54 positive samples). CONCLUSIONS The single-reaction, multiplex format of the pan-DENV-CHIKV rRT-PCR, combined with sensitive detection of both viruses, has the potential to improve detection while decreasing testing costs and streamlining molecular workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Ballesteros
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Yolanda Tellez
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janaki Abeynayake
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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360
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Chompoosri J, Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Boonserm R, Phumee A, Sangkitporn S, Siriyasatien P. Vertical transmission of Indian Ocean Lineage of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:227. [PMID: 27108077 PMCID: PMC4842298 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The re-emergence of chikungunya (CHIK) fever in Thailand has been caused by a novel lineage of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) termed the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL). The Aedes albopictus mosquito is thought to be a primary vector of CHIK fever in Thailand, whereas Ae. aegypti acts as a secondary vector of the virus. The vertical transmission is believed to be a primary means to maintain CHIKV in nature and may be associated with an increased risk of outbreak. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze the potential of these two Thai mosquito species to transmit the virus vertically and to determine the number of successive mosquito generations for the virus transmission. Methods Two-hundred-and-fifty female Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were artificially fed a mixture of human blood and CHIKV IOL. Mosquito larvae and adults were sampled and screened for CHIKV by one-step qRT-PCR. LLC-MK2 cell line was used to isolate CHIKV in the mosquitoes each generation. The virus isolate was identified by immunocytochemical staining and was confirmed by sequencing. Both mosquito species fed on human blood without CHIKV and uninfected LLC-MK2 cells were used as controls. Results Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were able to transmit CHIKV vertically to F5 and F6 progenies, respectively. The virus isolated from the two mosquito species caused cytopathic effect in LLC-MK2 cells by 2 days post-infection and immunocytochemical staining showed the reaction between CHIKV IOL antigen and specific monoclonal antibody in the infected cells. DNA sequence confirmed the virus transmitted vertically as CHIKV IOL with E1-A226V mutation. No CHIKV infection was observed in both mosquito species and LLC-MK2 cells from control groups. Conclusions The study demonstrated that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Thailand are capable of transmitting CHIKV IOL vertically in the laboratory. Our results showed that Ae. albopictus is more susceptible and has a greater ability to transmit the virus vertically than Ae. aegypti. This knowledge would be useful for risk assessments of the maintenance of CHIKV in nature, which is crucial for disease surveillance, vector control and the prevention of potential CHIKV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usavadee Thavara
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Tawatsin
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Rungfar Boonserm
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atchara Phumee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sangkitporn
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Excellence Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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362
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chikungunya (CHIK) virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States. We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from Haiti in June of 2014. METHODS A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of fever, fatigue, polyarthralgias and a diffuse rash for two days. Four days before, he returned from a mission trip to Haiti and reported that four of his accompanying friends had also become ill. A CHIK antibody titer was obtained and it was found to be positive. During his hospital stay, he responded well to supportive care, including anti-inflammatories, intravenous hydration and anti-emetics. RESULTS His condition improved within two days and he was ultimately discharged home. CONCLUSIONS Manifestations of CHIK can be similar to Dengue fever, which is transmitted by the same species of mosquito, and occasionally as a co-infection. Clinicians should include Chikungunya virus in their differential diagnosis of patients who present with fever, polyarthralgia and rash with a recent history of travel to endemic areas, including those within the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Nappe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, USF Morsani College of Medicine, PA 18103, USA
| | - Craig M Chuhran
- Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, USF Morsani College of Medicine, PA 18103, USA
| | - Steven A Johnson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, USF Morsani College of Medicine, PA 18103, USA
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363
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Wintachai P, Thuaud F, Basmadjian C, Roytrakul S, Ubol S, Désaubry L, Smith DR. Assessment of flavaglines as potential chikungunya virus entry inhibitors. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:129-41. [PMID: 25643977 PMCID: PMC7168458 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re‐emerging mosquito‐borne alphavirus that recently caused large epidemics in islands in, and countries around, the Indian Ocean. There is currently no specific drug for therapeutic treatment or for use as a prophylactic agent against infection and no commercially available vaccine. Prohibitin has been identified as a receptor protein used by chikungunya virus to enter mammalian cells. Recently, synthetic sulfonyl amidines and flavaglines (FLs), a class of naturally occurring plant compounds with potent anti‐cancer and cytoprotective and neuroprotective activities, have been shown to interact directly with prohibitin. This study therefore sought to determine whether three prohibitin ligands (sulfonyl amidine 1 m and the flavaglines FL3 and FL23) were able to inhibit CHIKV infection of mammalian Hek293T/17 cells. All three compounds inhibited infection and reduced virus production when cells were treated before infection but not when added after infection. Pretreatment of cells for only 15 minutes prior to infection followed by washing out of the compound resulted in significant inhibition of entry and virus production. These results suggest that further investigation of prohibitin ligands as potential Chikungunya virus entry inhibitors is warranted.
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364
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Shi L, Fu S, Wang L, Li X, Gu D, Liu C, Zhao C, He J, Liang G. Surveillance of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in febrile travelers entering China via Shenzhen ports, China, 2013. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:123-30. [PMID: 26960752 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 100 million passengers enter China via Shenzhen ports every year and such huge populations increase the risk of various infectious diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, entering China. This paper reports the testing and monitoring of mosquito-borne diseases in febrile travelers through Shenzhen ports in 2013. METHODS The blood samples of 619 febrile cases were collected and the serum of each sample was used for the specific gene amplification and IgM antibody detection of five typical mosquito-borne pathogens: Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile Virus (WNV). Additionally, malaria was diagnosed by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). RESULTS In total, 34 cases were detected of DENV infection (serotype I to IV), 17 cases of JEV infection, 2 cases of CHIKV infection, and 3 cases of malaria infection. No virus genes or IgM antibodies of YFV or WNV were detected in the samples. DENV, JEV and CHIKV cases were mainly from Southeast Asia, while malaria cases from Africa. CONCLUSIONS DENV, JEV and CHIKV were the primary pathogens imported via Shenzhen ports. International travelers with mosquito-borne infections would accelerate the spread of these diseases, thus reinforcing the need for surveillance of mosquito-borne infections at ports should become a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Shen Zhen International Travel Healthcare Center, 8 South of Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Shihong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Lihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Shen Zhen International Travel Healthcare Center, 8 South of Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Shen Zhen International Travel Healthcare Center, 8 South of Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Chunzhong Zhao
- Shen Zhen International Travel Healthcare Center, 8 South of Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Jian'an He
- Shen Zhen International Travel Healthcare Center, 8 South of Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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365
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Pastula DM, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:257-60. [PMID: 26903031 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. There are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. Recently, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in North America. Unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies for these arboviral diseases, so treatment is largely supportive. Given there are also no commercially available vaccines for these four arboviral infections, prevention is the key. To prevent mosquito or tick bites that might result in one of these arboviral diseases, people should wear long-sleeved shirts and pants while outside if feasible, apply insect repellant when going outdoors, using window screens or air conditioning to keep mosquitoes outside, and perform tick checks after being in wooded or brushy outdoor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Daniel E Smith
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J David Beckham
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Tyler
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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366
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Hidajat R, Nickols B, Forrester N, Tretyakova I, Weaver S, Pushko P. Next generation sequencing of DNA-launched Chikungunya vaccine virus. Virology 2016; 490:83-90. [PMID: 26855330 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a pandemic threat with no approved vaccine available. Recently, we described a novel vaccination strategy based on iDNA® infectious clone designed to launch a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine from plasmid DNA in vitro or in vivo. As a proof of concept, we prepared iDNA plasmid pCHIKV-7 encoding the full-length cDNA of the 181/25 vaccine. The DNA-launched CHIKV-7 virus was prepared and compared to the 181/25 virus. Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing revealed that with the exception of the 3' untranslated region, CHIKV-7 viral RNA consistently showed a lower frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms than the 181/25 RNA including at the E2-12 and E2-82 residues previously identified as attenuating mutations. In the CHIKV-7, frequencies of reversions at E2-12 and E2-82 were 0.064% and 0.086%, while in the 181/25, frequencies were 0.179% and 0.133%, respectively. We conclude that the DNA-launched virus has a reduced probability of reversion mutations, thereby enhancing vaccine safety.
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367
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Kondo M, Akachi S, Ando K, Nomura T, Yamanaka K, Mizutani H. Two Japanese siblings affected with Chikungunya fever with different clinical courses: Imported infections from the Cook Islands. J Dermatol 2016; 43:697-700. [PMID: 26813362 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two Japanese siblings visited the Cook Islands on business and stayed for 2 months. The sister developed a high fever, arthralgia, erythema and leg edema on the day after returning to Japan. The brother also developed neck and joint pain on the day following the sister's onset. Subsequently, his erythematous lesions spread over his whole body. Chikungunya virus was detected from the sister's blood and urine by specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, but not in the brother's samples. Retrospectively, his history of Chikungunya fever was confirmed by the presence of the anti-Chikungunya virus immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies using the specific enzyme-linked immunoassay. In Japan, no autochthonous case of Chikungunya fever was reported previously. We should give attention to the imported infectious diseases for epidemic prevention. This report warns about the danger of the imported infectious diseases, and also suggests that covering the topic of infectious disease in the world is critical to doctors as well as travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kondo
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Akachi
- Mie Prefecture Health and Environment Research Institute, Mie, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ando
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Yamanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mizutani
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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368
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Díaz-Quiñonez JA, Escobar-Escamilla N, Ortíz-Alcántara J, Vázquez-Pichardo M, de la Luz Torres-Rodríguez M, Nuñez-León A, Torres-Longoria B, López-Martínez I, Ruiz-Matus C, Kuri-Morales P, Ramírez-González JE. Identification of Asian genotype of chikungunya virus isolated in Mexico. Virus Genes 2016; 52:127-9. [PMID: 26781948 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified 25 autochthonous chikungunya virus cases in Mexico, initially detected by RT-PCR targeting the E1 gene and propagated in C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells, in 2014. To determine the type of virus found, in a previous report, the genomes of 2 CHIKV strains were fully sequenced. Genome sequence analysis revealed that these isolates from Mexico belonged to the Asian genotype, and a phylogenetic association with the circulating strain in the British Virgin Islands was also established in the same year. This was further supported by changes in specific amino acids, E2-V368A and 6K-L20M. For these reasons, it can be inferred that the route of virus entry to Mexico was held across the countries in the Caribbean and Central America. The presence of E1-A226V mutation associated with more efficient replication in the salivary gland of the A. albopictus mosquito was not observed. Interestingly, a newly acquired NSP4-S399C mutation was observed; however, the significance of changes in amino acid found in non-structural proteins in autochthonous strains remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Díaz-Quiñonez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Noé Escobar-Escamilla
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Ortíz-Alcántara
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Vázquez-Pichardo
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de la Luz Torres-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Nuñez-León
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belem Torres-Longoria
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma López-Martínez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ernesto Ramírez-González
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Del. Alvaro Obregón, 01480, Mexico City, Mexico
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369
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Rothan HA, Bahrani H, Abdulrahman AY, Mohamed Z, Teoh TC, Othman S, Rashid NN, Rahman NA, Yusof R. Mefenamic acid in combination with ribavirin shows significant effects in reducing chikungunya virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2016; 127:50-6. [PMID: 26794398 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is a persistent problem worldwide due to efficient adaptation of the viral vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Therefore, the absence of effective anti-CHIKV drugs to combat chikungunya outbreaks often leads to a significant impact on public health care. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of drugs that are used to alleviate infection symptoms, namely, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), on the premise that active compounds with potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities could be directly subjected for human use to treat CHIKV infections. Amongst the various NSAID compounds, Mefenamic acid (MEFE) and Meclofenamic acid (MECLO) showed considerable antiviral activity against viral replication individually or in combination with the common antiviral drug, Ribavirin (RIBA). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) was estimated to be 13 μM for MEFE, 18 μM for MECLO and 10 μM for RIBA, while MEFE + RIBA (1:1) exhibited an EC50 of 3 μM, and MECLO + RIBA (1:1) was 5 μM. Because MEFE is commercially available and its synthesis is easier compared with MECLO, MEFE was selected for further in vivo antiviral activity analysis. Treatment with MEFE + RIBA resulted in a significant reduction of hypertrophic effects by CHIKV on the mouse liver and spleen. Viral titre quantification in the blood of CHIKV-infected mice through the plaque formation assay revealed that treatment with MEFE + RIBA exhibited a 6.5-fold reduction compared with untreated controls. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MEFE in combination with RIBA exhibited significant anti-CHIKV activity by impairing viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, this finding may lead to an even broader application of these combinatorial treatments against other viral infections.
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370
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Teixeira MG, Andrade AMS, Costa MDCN, Castro JNSM, Oliveira FLS, Goes CSB, Maia M, Santana EB, Nunes BTD, Vasconcelos PFC. East/Central/South African genotype chikungunya virus, Brazil, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:906-7. [PMID: 25898939 PMCID: PMC4412231 DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.141727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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371
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Rossini G, Gaibani P, Vocale C, Finarelli AC, Landini MP. Increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported from the Caribbean and Central America to northern Italy, 2014. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:1912-6. [PMID: 26751121 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported in northern Italy (Emilia-Romagna region) during the period May-September 2014, indicating that the recent spread of CHIKV and its establishment in the Caribbean and in central America, resulted in a high number of imported cases in Europe, thus representing a threat to public health. From May to September 2014, 14 imported cases of CHIKV infection were diagnosed; the patients were returning to Italy from Dominican Republic (n = 6), Haiti (n = 3), Guadeloupe (n = 2), Martinique (n = 1), Puerto Rico (n = 1) and Venezuela (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis performed on the envelope protein (E1) gene sequences, obtained from plasma samples from two patients, indicated that the virus strain belongs to the Caribbean clade of the Asian genotype currently circulating in the Caribbean and Americas. The rise in the number of imported cases of CHIKV infection should increase healthcare professionals' awareness of the epidemiological situation and clinical presentation of CHIKV infection in order to enhance surveillance and early diagnosis in the forthcoming season of vector activity in Europe and North America.
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372
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Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Gläsker S, Bespalov M, Hanski L, Wennerberg K, Kümmerer BM, Ahola T. Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 126:117-24. [PMID: 26752081 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic arbovirus of the Alphavirus genus, which has infected millions of people after its re-emergence in the last decade. In this study, a BHK cell line containing a stable CHIKV replicon with a luciferase reporter was used in a high-throughput platform to screen approximately 3000 compounds. Following initial validation, 25 compounds were chosen as primary hits for secondary validation with wild type and reporter CHIKV infection, which identified three promising compounds. Abamectin (EC50 = 1.5 μM) and ivermectin (EC50 = 0.6 μM) are fermentation products generated by a soil dwelling actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, whereas berberine (EC50 = 1.8 μM) is a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid. They inhibited CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner and had broad antiviral activity against other alphaviruses--Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. Abamectin and ivermectin were also active against yellow fever virus, a flavivirus. These compounds caused reduced synthesis of CHIKV genomic and antigenomic viral RNA as well as downregulation of viral protein expression. Time of addition experiments also suggested that they act on the replication phase of the viral infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kaukinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabine Gläsker
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maxim Bespalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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373
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Abstract
The plaque assay is an essential method for quantification of infectious virus titer. Cells infected with virus particles are overlaid with a viscous substrate. A suitable incubation period results in the formation of plaques, which can be fixed and stained for visualization. Here, we describe a method for measuring Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) titers via virus plaque assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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374
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Hapuarachchi HC, Lee KS. Advanced Genetic Methodologies in Tracking Evolution and Spread of Chikungunya Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1426:21-37. [PMID: 27233258 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genetic methodologies have substantially expanded our ability to track evolution and spatio-temporal distribution of rapidly evolving pathogens. The information gathered from such analyses can be used to decipher host adaptations that shape disease epidemiology. In this chapter, we demonstrate the utilization of freely available resources to track the evolution and spread of Chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim-Sung Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Block 83, #04-00, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore, 599489, Singapore.
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375
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Kuo SC, Teng CY, Ho YJ, Chen YJ, Wu TY. Using Bicistronic Baculovirus Expression Vector System to Screen the Compounds That Interfere with the Infection of Chikungunya Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1426:263-72. [PMID: 27233279 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the etiologic agent of Chikungunya fever and has emerged in many countries over the past decade. There are no effective drugs for controlling the disease. A bicistronic baculovirus expression system was utilized to co-express CHIKV structural proteins C (capsid), E2 and E1 and the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Sf21). The EGFP-positive Sf21 cells fused with each other and with uninfected cells to form a syncytium is mediated by the CHIKV E1 allowing it to identify chemicals that can prevent syncytium formation. The compounds characterized by this method could be anti-CHIKV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Prevention Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yi Teng
- Bioengineering Group, Institute of Biologics, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Ho
- Institute of Prevention Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Bioengineering Group, Institute of Biologics, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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376
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Abstract
Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay is one of the earliest methods developed to study protein-protein interactions. In the proteomics era, Y2H has created a niche of its own by providing protein interaction maps for various organisms. Owing to limited coding capacities of their genomes, viruses are dependent on their host cellular machinery for successful infection. Identification of the key players orchestrating the survival of virus in their host is essential for understanding viral life cycle and devising strategies to prevent interactions resulting in pathogenesis. In this chapter, Y2H assay will be explained in detail for studying viral-host protein interactions of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dudha
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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377
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus is a reemerging human pathogen that causes debilitating arthritic disease in humans. Like dengue and Zika virus, CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in an epidemic urban cycle, and is now rapidly spreading through the Americas since its introduction in the Caribbean in late 2013. There are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs available, and only a few vaccine candidates have passed Phase I human clinical trials. Using recombinant baculovirus expression technology, we have generated CHIKV glycoprotein subunit and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines that are amenable to large scale production in insect cells. These vaccines, in particular the VLPs, have shown high immunogenicity and protection against CHIKV infection in different animal models of CHIKV-induced disease. Here, we describe the production, purification, and characterization of these potent CHIKV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Metz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 NW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 NW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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378
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Abstract
Reverse genetic systems based on an infectious cDNA clone, a double-stranded copy of the viral genome carried on a plasmid vector, have greatly enhanced the understanding of RNA virus biology by facilitating genetic manipulation of viral RNA genomes. To date, infectious cDNA clones of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have been constructed using different combinations of plasmid vectors and/or bacterial host strains. Here, we describe our approaches for the construction of infectious cDNA clones of CHIKV and the protocol for genetic manipulation of the clones by site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchara Phuektes
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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379
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Abstract
In the last few decades the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has evolved from a geographically isolated pathogen to a virus that is widespread in many parts of Africa, Asia and recently also in Central- and South-America. Although CHIKV infections are rarely fatal, the disease can evolve into a chronic stage, which is characterized by persisting polyarthralgia and joint stiffness. This chronic CHIKV infection can severely incapacitate patients for weeks up to several years after the initial infection. Despite the burden of CHIKV infections, no vaccine or antivirals are available yet. The current therapy is therefore only symptomatic and consists of the administration of analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory agents. Recently several molecules with various viral or host targets have been identified as CHIKV inhibitors. In this chapter, we summarize the current status of the development of antiviral strategies against CHIKV infections.
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380
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Abstract
Real-time PCR assay has many advantages over conventional PCR methods, including rapidity, quantitative measurement, low risk of contamination, high sensitivity, high specificity, and ease of standardization (Mackay et al., Nucleic Acids Res 30:1292-1305, 2002). The real-time PCR system relies upon the measurement of a fluorescent reporter during PCR, in which the amount of emitted fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of the PCR product in a reaction (Gibsons et al., Genome Res 6:995-1001, 1996). Here, we describe the use of SYBR Green I-based and TaqMan(®) real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection and quantification of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
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381
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Abstract
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus that is spreading worldwide in the tropical areas and that has a 11.8 kb RNA genome. The most relevant vectors belong to the genus Aedes and contribute to the diffusion of the three different genotypes of the virus from the original site of first identification in East Africa. Recently, an additional site of origin has been identified in Asia. The epidemiology of Chikungunya has been extensively evaluated from 2004 when the virus initiated its travel eastbound from the coast of Africa to the Indian Ocean. It is noteworthy that this diffusion has been mainly sustained by Ae. albopictus, a new vector to which the virus become adapted due to the mutation E1-Ala226Val. This mutation was also identified during the first, even small, outbreaks of Chikungunya-related disease outside the tropics that occurred in Northern Italy in 2007 and in Southern France in 2010. Three years later the virus appeared for the first time in the Western hemisphere and since then, in less than 24 months spread to North and South America.
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382
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Raghavendhar BS, Ray P, Ratagiri VH, Sharma BS, Kabra SK, Lodha R. Evaluation of chikungunya virus infection in children from India during 2009-2010: A cross sectional observational study. J Med Virol 2015; 88:923-30. [PMID: 26581026 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus, a small (about 60-70 nm diameter), spherical, enveloped, positive, single stranded RNA virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. After a short period of incubation (3-5 days) symptoms like fever with joint pains and others start appearing. After a gap of 20 years, this virus re-emerged during 2006-2008 in India causing a major outbreak of CHIKV in India. This study was conducted subsequent to the major outbreak in order to evaluate the proportion of chikungunya virus infection in children with suggestive symptoms at three geographical locations of India. Lineage of circulating strains and changes in the E1 structural polypeptide were also determined. Blood samples were collected (in Sodium citrate vacutainer tubes) during 1st June 2009 to 31st May 2010 from children (age 0 ≤ 18 years) suspected to have chikungunya infection, that is, those who presented with sudden onset of fever and/or joint pain, myalgia, and headache from three regions of India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) in Hubli and Sawai Mansingh Medical College (SMS) in Jaipur. Detection of CHIKV antibodies in all acute-phase patient plasma samples was done by IgM ELISA and for samples within ≤5 days of fever, a one-step RT-PCR was carried out on a block thermo-cycler targeting 294 bp region of E1 gene that codes for the viral envelope protein. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from few positive samples of two regions was done with African S-27 reference strain using BioEdit. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6 by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. Out of the 723 acute phase samples tested from three geographical locations of India, Chikungunya virus infection was detected in 249/723 (34.44%) subjects by either IgM Elisa (180/723) or RT-PCR (69/412). RT-PCR was employed in samples collected from children with ≤5 days of fever. Maximum positive cases were from KIMS center, Hubli. Seasonally, positivity varied with number of enrolled cases at KIMS and SMS. Joint pain was significantly associated with CHIKV positivity (P = 0.0156). Presence/absence of certain clinical features varied with age (P < 0.05). Sequence analysis revealed four amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analysis with partial sequences of E1 gene from KIMS (n = 12) and SMS (n = 5) showed that the study isolates clustered with Indian Ocean Lineage strains (IOL) of East, Central and South African (ECSA) type. Evaluation of chikungunya virus infection in children from India during 2009-2010 showed high proportion of CHIKV infection in Southern region of India compared to Northern region. The circulating CHIKV strains were of Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) group within the East, Central, and South African (ECSA) genotype. However few amino acid changes were observed in E1 polypeptide with reference to African strain S-27 (AF369024). Further studies are needed to know the implications of these changes in vector-pathogen compatibility and host-pathogen interactivity. As a whole, this study highlighted the proportion of CHIKV cases, lineage of causative strain and evolutionary pattern of circulating strain in terms of amino acid changes in the structural protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Siva Raghavendhar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod H Ratagiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil K Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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383
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Deeba F, Islam A, Kazim SN, Naqvi IH, Broor S, Ahmed A, Parveen S. Chikungunya virus: recent advances in epidemiology, host pathogen interaction and vaccine strategies. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv119. [PMID: 26657109 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging alphavirus that belongs to the family Togaviridae. The symptoms include fever, rashes, nausea and joint pain that may last for months. The laboratory diagnosis of the infection is based on the serologic assays, virus isolation and molecular methods. The pathogenesis of the Chikungunya viral infection is not completely understood. Some of the recent investigations have provided information on replication of the virus in various cells and organs. In addition, some recent reports have indicated that the severity of the disease is correlated with the viral load and cytokines. The Chikungunya virus infection re-emerged as an explosive epidemic during 2004-09 affecting millions of people in the Indian Ocean. Subsequent global attention was given to research on this viral pathogen due to its broad area of geographical distribution during this epidemic. Chikungunya viral infection has become a challenge for the public health system because of the absence of a vaccine as well as antiviral drugs. A number of potential vaccine candidates have been tested on humans and animal models during clinical and preclinical trials. In this review, we mainly discuss the host-pathogen relationship, epidemiology and recent advances in the development of drugs and vaccines for the Chikungunya viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Deeba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Shobha Broor
- Department of Microbiology, SGT University, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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384
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von Rhein C, Weidner T, Henß L, Martin J, Weber C, Sliva K, Schnierle BS. Curcumin and Boswellia serrata gum resin extract inhibit chikungunya and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in vitro. Antiviral Res 2016; 125:51-7. [PMID: 26611396 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever and has infected millions of people mainly in developing countries. The associated disease is characterized by rash, high fever, and severe arthritis that can persist for years. CHIKV has adapted to Aedes albopictus, which also inhabits temperate regions including Europe and the United States of America. CHIKV has recently caused large outbreaks in Latin America. No treatment or licensed CHIKV vaccine exists. Traditional medicines are known to have anti-viral effects; therefore, we examined whether curcumin or Boswellia serrata gum resin extract have antiviral activity against CHIKV. Both compounds blocked entry of CHIKV Env-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and inhibited CHIKV infection in vitro. In addition, vesicular stomatitis virus vector particles and viral infections were also inhibited to the same extent, indicating a broad antiviral activity. Although the bioavailability of these compounds is rather poor, they might be used as a lead structure to develop more effective antiviral drugs or might be used topically to prevent CHIKV spread in the skin after mosquito bites.
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385
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Vega-Rúa A, Schmitt C, Bonne I, Krijnse Locker J, Failloux AB. Chikungunya Virus Replication in Salivary Glands of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus. Viruses 2015; 7:5902-7. [PMID: 26593936 DOI: 10.3390/v7112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus. To be transmitted, CHIKV must replicate in the mosquito midgut, then disseminate in the hemocele and infect the salivary glands before being released in saliva. We have developed a standardized protocol to visualize viral particles in the mosquito salivary glands using transmission electron microscopy. Here we provide direct evidence for CHIKV replication and storage in Ae. albopictus salivary glands.
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386
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Laiton-Donato K, Usme-Ciro JA, Rico A, Pardo L, Martínez C, Salas D, Ardila S, Páez A. Phylogenetic analysis of Chikungunya virus in Colombia: Evidence of purifying selection in the E1 gene. Biomedica 2015; 36:25-34. [PMID: 27622790 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus that belongs to the Alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae. Its genome is 11.8 kb in length, and three genotypes have been identified worldwide: Asian, East/Central/South African (ECSA) and West African. Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile disease transmitted by Aedes spp. that usually presents with polyarthralgia and cutaneous eruption. Following introduction of the virus to the Americas in 2013, the first cases in Colombia occurred in September of 2014, and they reached a cumulative total of 399,932 cases by June of 2015. OBJECTIVE To identify the genotype or genotypes responsible for the current epidemic in Colombia and to describe the genetic variability of the virus in the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from patients presenting with symptoms compatible with Chikungunya fever during 2014-2015 were selected for the study. RT-PCR products of the E1 gene from these samples were used for sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic and adaptive evolution analyses. RESULTS The study identified only the presence of the Asian genotype in Colombia. Comparing the Colombian sequences with other sequences from the Americas revealed an average of 0.001 base substitutions per site, with 99.7% and 99.9% nucleotide identity and 99.9% amino acid identity. The adaptive evolution analysis indicated that the E1 gene is under strong purifying selection. CONCLUSIONS The first epidemic of Chikunguya fever in Colombia was caused by the circulation of the virus Asian genotype. Further genotypic surveillance of the virus in Colombia is required to detect possible changes in its epidemiology, fitness and pathogenicity.
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387
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, 1041 Pat Robert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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388
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Wasonga C, Inoue S, Rumberia C, Michuki G, Kimotho J, Ongus JR, Sang R, Musila L. Genetic divergence of Chikungunya virus plaque variants from the Comoros Island (2005). Virus Genes 2015; 51:323-8. [PMID: 26347221 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from a human sample collected during the 2005 Chikungunya outbreak in the Comoros Island, showed distinct and reproducible large (L2) and small (S7) plaques which were characterized in this study. The parent strain and plaque variants were analysed by in vitro growth kinetics in different cell lines and their genetic similarity assessed by whole genome sequencing, comparative sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. In vitro growth kinetic assays showed similar growth patterns of both plaque variants in Vero cells but higher viral titres of S7 compared to L2 in C6/36 cells. Amino acids (AA) alignments of the CHIKV plaque variants and S27 African prototype strain, showed 30 AA changes in the non-structural proteins (nsP) and 22 AA changes in the structural proteins. Between L2 and S7, only two AAs differences were observed. A missense substitution (C642Y) of L2 in the nsP2, involving a conservative AA substitution and a nonsense substitution (R524X) of S7 in the nsP3, which has been shown to enhance O'nyong-nyong virus infectivity and dissemination in Anopheles mosquitoes. The phenotypic difference observed in plaque size could be attributed to one of these AA substitutions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the parent strain and its variants clustered closely together with each other and with Indian Ocean CHIKV strains indicating circulation of isolates with close evolutionary relatedness in the same outbreak. These observations pave way for important functional studies to understand the significance of the identified genetic changes in virulence and viral transmission in mosquito and mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wasonga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Arbovirus/Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Cecilia Rumberia
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 3079- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Michuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 3079- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kimotho
- Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Juliette R Ongus
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Arbovirus/Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lillian Musila
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Unit - Kenya, P. O. Box 606 - 00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya
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389
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged in recent decades, causing major outbreaks of chikungunya fever in many parts of Africa and Asia, and since the end of 2013 also in Central and South America. Infections are usually associated with a low mortality rate, but can proceed into a painful chronic stage, during which patients may suffer from polyarthralgia and joint stiffness for weeks and even several years. There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs available for the prevention or treatment of CHIKV infections. Current therapy therefore consists solely of the administration of analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory agents to relieve symptoms. We here review molecules that have been reported to inhibit CHIKV replication, either as direct-acting antivirals, host-targeting drugs or those that act via a yet unknown mechanism. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World."
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Delang
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
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390
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Rudd PA, Raphael AP, Yamada M, Nufer KL, Gardner J, Le TTT, Prow NA, Dang N, Schroder WA, Prow TW, Suhrbier A. Effective cutaneous vaccination using an inactivated chikungunya virus vaccine delivered by Foroderm. Vaccine 2015; 33:5172-80. [PMID: 26296498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Foroderm is a new cutaneous delivery technology that uses high-aspect ratio, cylindrical silica microparticles, that are massaged into the skin using a 3D-printed microtextured applicator, in order to deliver payloads across the epidermis. Herein we show that this technology is effective for delivery of a non-adjuvanted, inactivated, whole-virus chikungunya virus vaccine in mice, with minimal post-vaccination skin reactions. A single topical Foroderm-based vaccination induced T cell, Th1 cytokine and antibody responses, which provided complete protection against viraemia and disease after challenge with chikungunya virus. Foroderm vaccination was shown to deliver fluorescent, virus-sized beads across the epidermis, with beads subsequently detected in draining lymph nodes. Foroderm vaccination also stimulated the egress of MHC II(+) antigen presenting cells from the skin. Foroderm thus has potential as a simple, cheap, effective, generic, needle-free technology for topical delivery of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Rudd
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony P Raphael
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Miko Yamada
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaitlin L Nufer
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Joy Gardner
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuy T T Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Nhung Dang
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne A Schroder
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
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391
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Saswat T, Kumar A, Kumar S, Mamidi P, Muduli S, Debata NK, Pal NS, Pratheek BM, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. High rates of co-infection of Dengue and Chikungunya virus in Odisha and Maharashtra, India during 2013. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 35:134-41. [PMID: 26247719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viral (DENV) infection is endemic in different parts of India and because of similar primary signs and symptoms, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is mostly undiagnosed. Hence, we investigated 204 suspected Dengue cases in a hospital based cross-sectional study in Odisha, India in 2013. It was observed that 50 samples were positive for DENV only, 28 were positive for CHIKV only and interestingly, 28 patients were co-infected with both DENV and CHIKV. Additionally, a total of 18 confirmed Dengue samples from Maharashtra, India were screened for CHIKV and out of those, 15 were co-infected. All CHIKV strains were of East Central South African (ECSA) type and serotype 2 (genotype IV) was predominant in the DENV samples. Additionally, Dengue serotype 1 and 3 were also detected during this time. Further, sequence analysis of E1 gene of CHIKV strains revealed that two substitution mutations (M269V and D284E) were observed in almost 50% strains and they were from co-infected patients. Similarly, sequence analysis of C-prM gene showed the presence of five substitution mutations, (G70S, L72F, N90S, S93N and I150L) in all serotype 1 and two consistent mutations (A101V and V112A) in serotype 2 Dengue samples. Together, it appears that a significantly high number of dengue patients (43, 44.8%) were co-infected with DENV and CHIKV during this study. This emphasizes the need of a routine diagnosis of CHIKV along with DENV for febrile patients. This will be useful in early and proper recognition of infecting pathogen to study the correlation of clinical symptoms with single or co-infection which will ultimately help to implement proper patient care in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Saswat
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Sameer Kumar
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Sagarika Muduli
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Nagen Kumar Debata
- Department of Microbiology, IMS & Sum Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Niladri Shekhar Pal
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College, Aurangabad 431003, Maharashtra, India
| | - B M Pratheek
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, Odisha, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India.
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392
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Her Z, Teng TS, Tan JJL, Teo TH, Kam YW, Lum FM, Lee WWL, Gabriel C, Melchiotti R, Andiappan AK, Lulla V, Lulla A, Win MK, Chow A, Biswas SK, Leo YS, Lecuit M, Merits A, Rénia L, Ng LFP. Loss of TLR3 aggravates CHIKV replication and pathology due to an altered virus-specific neutralizing antibody response. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:24-41. [PMID: 25452586 PMCID: PMC4309666 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-sensing toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate innate immunity and regulate anti-viral response. We show here that TLR3 regulates host immunity and the loss of TLR3 aggravates pathology in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Susceptibility to CHIKV infection is markedly increased in human and mouse fibroblasts with defective TLR3 signaling. Up to 100-fold increase in CHIKV load was observed in Tlr3−/− mice, alongside increased virus dissemination and pro-inflammatory myeloid cells infiltration. Infection in bone marrow chimeric mice showed that TLR3-expressing hematopoietic cells are required for effective CHIKV clearance. CHIKV-specific antibodies from Tlr3−/− mice exhibited significantly lower in vitro neutralization capacity, due to altered virus-neutralizing epitope specificity. Finally, SNP genotyping analysis of CHIKF patients on TLR3 identified SNP rs6552950 to be associated with disease severity and CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibody response. These results demonstrate a key role for TLR3-mediated antibody response to CHIKV infection, virus replication and pathology, providing a basis for future development of immunotherapeutics in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Her
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terk-Shin Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeslin J L Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy W L Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christelle Gabriel
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rossella Melchiotti
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore Doctoral School in Translational and Molecular Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anand K Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valeria Lulla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mar K Win
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Chow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France Inserm U1117, Paris, France Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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393
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van Duijl-Richter MK, Hoornweg TE, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Smit JM. Early Events in Chikungunya Virus Infection-From Virus Cell Binding to Membrane Fusion. Viruses 2015; 7:3647-74. [PMID: 26198242 DOI: 10.3390/v7072792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus causing millions of infections in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. CHIKV infection often leads to an acute self-limited febrile illness with debilitating myalgia and arthralgia. A potential long-term complication of CHIKV infection is severe joint pain, which can last for months to years. There are no vaccines or specific therapeutics available to prevent or treat infection. This review describes the critical steps in CHIKV cell entry. We summarize the latest studies on the virus-cell tropism, virus-receptor binding, internalization, membrane fusion and review the molecules and compounds that have been described to interfere with virus cell entry. The aim of the review is to give the reader a state-of-the-art overview on CHIKV cell entry and to provide an outlook on potential new avenues in CHIKV research.
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted to humans by mosquito bite. A decade ago, the virus caused a major outbreak in the islands of the Indian Ocean, then reached India and Southeast Asia. More recently, CHIKV has emerged in the Americas, first reaching the Caribbean and now extending to Central, South and North America. It is therefore considered a major public health and economic threat. CHIKV causes febrile illness typically associated with debilitating joint pains. In rare cases, it may also cause central nervous system disease, notably in neonates. Joint symptoms may persist for months to years, and lead to arthritis. This review focuses on the spectrum of signs and symptoms associated with CHIKV infection in humans. It also illustrates how the analysis of clinical and biological data from human cohorts and the development of animal and cellular models of infection has helped to identify the tissue and cell tropisms of the virus and to decipher host responses in benign, severe or persistent disease. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France; Inserm U1117, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France; Inserm U1117, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Global Virus Network.
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395
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Albulescu IC, van Hoolwerff M, Wolters LA, Bottaro E, Nastruzzi C, Yang SC, Tsay SC, Hwu JR, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Suramin inhibits chikungunya virus replication through multiple mechanisms. Antiviral Res 2015; 121:39-46. [PMID: 26112648 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes severe and often persistent arthritis. In recent years, millions of people have been infected with this virus for which registered antivirals are still lacking. Using our recently established in vitro assay, we discovered that the approved anti-parasitic drug suramin inhibits CHIKV RNA synthesis (IC50 of ∼5μM). The compound inhibited replication of various CHIKV isolates in cell culture with an EC50 of ∼80μM (CC50>5mM) and was also active against Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus. In vitro studies hinted that suramin interferes with (re)initiation of RNA synthesis, whereas time-of-addition studies suggested it to also interfere with a post-attachment early step in infection, possibly entry. CHIKV (nsP4) mutants resistant against favipiravir or ribavirin, which target the viral RNA polymerase, did not exhibit cross-resistance to suramin, suggesting a different mode of action. The assessment of the activity of a variety of suramin-related compounds in cell culture and the in vitro assay for RNA synthesis provided more insight into the moieties required for antiviral activity. The antiviral effect of suramin-containing liposomes was also analyzed. Its approved status makes it worthwhile to explore the use of suramin to prevent and/or treat CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Albulescu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella van Hoolwerff
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Wolters
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Bottaro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Shih Chi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Eric J Snijder
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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396
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Petitdemange C, Wauquier N, Vieillard V. Control of immunopathology during chikungunya virus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:846-855. [PMID: 25843597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
After several decades of epidemiologic silence, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently re-emerged, causing explosive outbreaks and reaching the 5 continents. Transmitted through the bite of Aedes species mosquitoes, CHIKV is responsible for an acute febrile illness accompanied by several characteristic symptoms, including cutaneous rash, myalgia, and arthralgia, with the latter sometimes persisting for months or years. Although CHIKV has previously been known as a relatively benign disease, more recent epidemic events have brought waves of increased morbidity and fatality, leading it to become a serious public health problem. The host's immune response plays a crucial role in controlling the infection, but it might also contribute to the promotion of viral spread and immunopathology. This review focuses on the immune responses to CHIKV in human subjects with an emphasis on early antiviral immune responses. We assess recent developments in the understanding of their possible Janus-faced effects in the control of viral infection and pathogenesis. Although preventive vaccination and specific therapies are yet to be developed, exploring this interesting model of virus-host interactions might have a strong effect on the design of novel therapeutic options to minimize immunopathology without impairing beneficial host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France; Metabiota, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France.
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397
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Pem-Novosel I, Kaic B, Babić-Erceg A, Kucinar J, Klobucar A, Medic A, Pahor D, Barac-Juretic K, Gjenero-Margan I. Seroprevalence and entomological study on Chikungunya virus at the Croatian littoral. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2015; 62:199-206. [PMID: 26132839 DOI: 10.1556/030.62.2015.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During 2011-2012, a total of 1008 serum samples from randomly selected inhabitants of seven Croatian counties located on the Adriatic Coast were tested for the presence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgG antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay. Nine participants (0.9%) from four counties were found to be seropositive to CHIKV. Seroprevalence varied from 0.5% to 1.8% between counties. Additionally, a total of 3,699 mosquitoes were captured in 126 localities from August 16 to September 24, 2011. Three mosquito species were found: Ae. albopictus (3010/81.4%), Cx. pipiens (688/18.6%) and only one specimen of the Cs. longiareolata. Female mosquitoes (N = 1,748) were pooled. All pools tested negative for CHIKV RNA using a real-time RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- 1Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Pem-Novosel
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bernard Kaic
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Babić-Erceg
- 3Department of Molecular Diagnostic, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Kucinar
- 4Department of Microbiology, Istria County Institute of Public Health, Pula, Croatia
| | - Ana Klobucar
- 5Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health “Dr Andrija Stampar”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Medic
- 6Department of Epidemiology, Zadar County Institute of Public Health, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Djana Pahor
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Katija Barac-Juretic
- 8Department of Epidemiology, Split-Dalmatia County Institute of Public Health, Split, Croatia
| | - Ira Gjenero-Margan
- 9Department of Epidemiology, University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
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398
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Arroyo-Ávila M, Vilá LM. Rheumatic Manifestations in Patients with Chikungunya Infection. P R Health Sci J 2015; 34:71-77. [PMID: 26061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is a common cause of febrile arthritis. The most common manifestations of acute infection are fever, symmetrical polyarthralgias or polyarthritis, myalgias, and maculopapular rash. Up to 80% of patients may develop musculoskeletal manifestations that persist longer than 3 months, causing impairment in their quality of life. The most common chronic manifestations are persistent or relapsing-remitting polyarthralgias, polyarthritis, and myalgias. Fingers, wrists, knees, ankles, and toes are the most frequently involved, but proximal joints and axial involvement can occur in the chronic stage. Chronic manifestations of CHIKV infection may resemble those of some autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Furthermore, CHIKV infection can cause cryoglobulinemia and may induce rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathies in genetically susceptible individuals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend acetaminophen and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the acute rheumatic manifestations of CHIKV infection. However, some studies suggest that low-dose corticosteroids for about 1-2 months (depending on clinical course) are beneficial in relieving acute rheumatic symptoms. Conversely, hydroxychloroquine in combination with corticosteroids or other disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has been successful in treating chronic rheumatic manifestations. Methotrexate and sulfasalazine (alone or in combination) have also been effective for chronic CHIKV arthritis. Patients with CHIKV infection should be closely monitored to identify those with chronic arthritis who would benefit from a rheumatologic evaluation and early treatment with DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangelí Arroyo-Ávila
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
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399
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Goh LYH, Kam YW, Metz SW, Hobson-Peters J, Prow NA, McCarthy S, Smith DW, Pijlman GP, Ng LFP, Hall RA. A sensitive epitope-blocking ELISA for the detection of Chikungunya virus-specific antibodies in patients. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:55-61. [PMID: 26025459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) has re-emerged as an arboviral disease that mimics clinical symptoms of other diseases such as dengue, malaria, as well as other alphavirus-related illnesses leading to problems with definitive diagnosis of the infection. Herein we describe the development and evaluation of a sensitive epitope-blocking ELISA (EB-ELISA) capable of specifically detecting anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) antibodies in clinical samples. The assay uses a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds an epitope on the E2 protein of CHIKV and does not exhibit cross-reactivity to other related alphaviruses. We also demonstrated the use of recombinant CHIK virus-like particles (VLPs) as a safe alternative antigen to infectious virions in the assay. Based on testing of 60 serum samples from patients in the acute or convalescent phase of CHIKV infection, the EB-ELISA provided us with 100% sensitivity, and exhibited 98.5% specificity when Ross River virus (RRV)- or Barmah Forest virus (BFV)-immune serum samples were included. This assay meets the public health demands of a rapid, robust, sensitive and specific, yet simple assay for specifically diagnosing CHIK-infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Y H Goh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Stefan W Metz
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzi McCarthy
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia
| | - David W Smith
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia.
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400
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Murali KS, Sivasubramanian S, Vincent S, Murugan SB, Giridaran B, Dinesh S, Gunasekaran P, Krishnasamy K, Sathishkumar R. Anti-chikungunya activity of luteolin and apigenin rich fraction from Cynodon dactylon. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:352-8. [PMID: 26003593 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain luteolin and apigenin rich fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon (L.) (C. dactylon) Pers and evaluate the fraction's cytotoxicity and anti-Chikungunya potential using Vero cells. METHODS The ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) fraction. Reverse phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies were carried out to identify the major phytochemicals in the fraction using phytochemical standards. Cytotoxicity and the potential of the fraction against CHIKV were evaluated in vitro using Vero cells. Reduction in viral replication was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after treating the viral infected Vero cells with the fraction. RESULTS Reverse Phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of flavonoids, luteolin and apigenin as major phytochemicals in the anti-CHIKV ethanolic fraction of C. dactylon. The fraction was found to exhibit potent viral inhibitory activity (about 98%) at the concentration of 50 µg/mL as observed by reduction in cytopathic effect, and the cytotoxic concentration of the fraction was found to be 250 µg/mL. RT-PCR analyses indicated that the reduction in viral mRNA synthesis in fraction treated infected cells was much higher than the viral infected control cells. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin and apigenin rich ethanolic fraction from C. dactylon can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection as the fraction does not show cytotoxicity while inhibiting the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Saravana Murali
- Plant Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Sivasubramanian
- Centre for Environmental Research and Development and Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Savariar Vincent
- Centre for Environmental Research and Development and Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bupesh Giridaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sundaram Dinesh
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palani Gunasekaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kaveri Krishnasamy
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
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