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Syngkli S, Singh SK, Rani RM, Das B. Genistein and metformin regulate glycerol kinase and the enzymes of glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle in a differential manner in myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132296. [PMID: 38740159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) are critical in glucose homeostasis. The role of genistein and metformin on these enzymes and glucose production was investigated in C2C12, HepG2, and 3T3-L1 cells. Enzyme kinetics, Real-Time PCR and western blots were performed to determine enzyme activities and expressions of mRNAs and proteins. Glucose production and uptake were also measured in these cells. siRNAs were used to assess their impact on the enzymes and glucose production. Ki values for the compounds were determined using purified GK and GPDH. Genistein decreased GK activity by ∼45 %, while metformin reduced cGPDH and mGPDH activities by ∼32 % and ∼43 %, respectively. Insignificant changes in expressions (mRNAs and proteins) of the enzymes were observed. The compounds showed dose-dependent alterations in glucose production and uptake in these cells. Genistein non-competitively inhibited His-GK activity (Ki 19.12 μM), while metformin non-competitively inhibited His-cGPDH (Ki 75.52 μM) and mGPDH (Ki 54.70 μM) activities. siRNAs transfection showed ∼50 % and ∼35 % decrease in activities of GK and mGPDH and a decrease in glucose production (0.38-fold and 0.42-fold) in 3T3-L1 cells. Considering the differential effects of the compounds, this study may provide insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Superior Syngkli
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Riva M Rani
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Bidyadhar Das
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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Aryal D, Joshi S, Thapa NK, Chaudhary P, Basaula S, Joshi U, Bhandari D, Rogers HM, Bhattarai S, Sharma KR, Regmi BP, Parajuli N. Dietary phenolic compounds as promising therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3025-3045. [PMID: 38726403 PMCID: PMC11077226 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the middle of an ever-changing landscape of diabetes care, precision medicine, and lifestyle therapies are becoming increasingly important. Dietary polyphenols are like hidden allies found in our everyday meals. These biomolecules, found commonly in fruits, vegetables, and various plant-based sources, hold revolutionary potential within their molecular structure in the way we approach diabetes and its intimidating consequences. There are currently numerous types of diabetes medications, but they are not appropriate for all patients due to limitations in dosages, side effects, drug resistance, a lack of efficacy, and ethnicity. Currently, there has been increased interest in practicing herbal remedies to manage diabetes and its related complications. This article aims to summarize the potential of dietary polyphenols as a foundation in the treatment of diabetes and its associated consequences. We found that most polyphenols inhibit enzymes linked to diabetes. This review outlines the potential benefits of selected molecules, including kaempferol, catechins, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, in managing diabetes mellitus as these compounds have exhibited promising results in in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and some preclinical trials study. This encompassing exploration reveals the multifaceted impact of polyphenols not only in mitigating diabetes but also in addressing associated conditions like inflammation, obesity, and even cancer. Their mechanisms involve antioxidant functions, immune modulation, and proinflammatory enzyme regulation. Furthermore, these molecules exhibit anti-tumor activities, influence cellular pathways, and activate AMPK pathways, offering a less toxic, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to addressing diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipa Aryal
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Soniya Joshi
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Nabin Kumar Thapa
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Pratiksha Chaudhary
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Sirjana Basaula
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Usha Joshi
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Damodar Bhandari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Hannah M. Rogers
- Department of ChemistryFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | | | - Khaga Raj Sharma
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Bishnu P. Regmi
- Department of ChemistryFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of ChemistryTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
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3
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Brahma S, Goyal AK, Dhamodhar P, Kumari MR, Jayashree S, Usha T, Middha SK. Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e140323214600. [PMID: 36918778 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230314093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined Mytilus margaritiferus and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Dhamodhar
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Reema Kumari
- Department of Botany, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jayashree
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
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4
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Goswami K, Badruddeen, Arif M, Akhtar J, Khan MI, Ahmad M. Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids and others Bioactives for Insulin Sensitizations. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e270423216247. [PMID: 37102490 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230427095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that has an impact on a huge part of the world. Both animals and humans have been demonstrated to benefit from natural goods, and organisms (animals, or microbes). In 2021, approximately 537 million adults (20-79 years) are living with diabetes, making it the one of the biggest cause of death worldwide. Various phytoconstituent preserved β- cells activity helps to prevent the formation of diabetes problems. As a result, β-cells mass and function are key pharmaceutical targets. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of flavonoids' effects on pancreatic β-cells. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to improve insulin release in cell lines of isolated pancreatic islets and diabetic animal models. Flavonoids are thought to protect β-cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide production, and lowering reactive oxygen species levels. Flavonoids boost β-cells secretory capacity by improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and increasing insulin secretion pathways. Some of the bioactive phytoconstituents such as S-methyl cysteine sulfoxides stimulate insulin synthesis in the body and increase pancreatic output. The berberine increased insulin secretion in the HIT-T15 and Insulinoma 6 (MIN6) mouse cell line. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate protects against toxicity accrued by cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperglycemia. Quercetin has been proven to boost insulin production by Insulinoma 1 (INS-1) cells and also protect cell apoptosis. Overall flavonoids have beneficial effects on β-cells by prevented their malfunctioning or degradation and improving synthesis or release of insulin from β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Goswami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
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Zhou Y, Qin S, Zhu Y, Xu P, Gu K. Inverse association between isoflavones and prediabetes risk: evidence from NHANES 2007-2010 and 2017-2018. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288416. [PMID: 38115881 PMCID: PMC10728643 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prediabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but do not meet the threshold for a diabetes diagnosis. Individuals with prediabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated complications. However, limited epidemiological studies have investigated the association between flavonoids from plant-based diets and the risk of prediabetes, and the existing evidence from these studies is inconsistent. Methods Therefore, we utilized data from 19,021 participants (mean age: 32.03 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted during 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 to investigate the potential association between dietary flavonoid intake and prediabetes risk by weighted logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the data from 3,706 participants (mean age: 35.98 years) from NHANES 2007-2010 were used to assess the correlation between concentrations of isoflavones and their metabolites in urine and prediabetes risk by weighted logistic regression analysis. Results Our findings revealed an inverse association between the intake of glycitein (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96; p = 0.003), genistein (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; p = 0.004), daidzein (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; p = 0.009), and total isoflavones (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-1.00; p = 0.005) with the risk of prediabetes. Moreover, we observed an inverse association between the concentration of daidzein in urine (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73-0.96; p = 0.012) and the concentration of genistein in urine (OR:0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.93; p = 0.003) with the risk of prediabetes using weighted logistic regression. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential protective effect of isoflavones against the development of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaolei Qin
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Ubaid M, Salauddin, Shadani MA, Kawish SM, Albratty M, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Halawi MA, Ali A, Alam MS, Iqbal Z, Mirza MA. Daidzein from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Evaluation of Potential. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32271-32293. [PMID: 37780202 PMCID: PMC10538961 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein (DDZ) is a well-known nutraceutical supplement belonging to the class of isoflavones. It is isolated from various sources such as alfalfa, soybean, and red clover. It demonstrates a broad array of pharmacological/beneficial properties such as cardiovascular exercise, cholesterol reduction, and anticancer, antifibrotic, and antidiabetic effects, which make it effective in treating a wide range of diseases. Its structure and operation are the same as those of human estrogens, which are important in preventing osteoporosis, cancer, and postmenopausal diseases. It is thus a promising candidate for development as a phytopharmaceutical. Addressing safety, efficacy, and physicochemical properties are the primary prerequisites. DDZ is already ingested every day in varying amounts, so there should not be a significant safety risk; however, each indication requires a different dose to be determined. Some clinical trials are already being conducted globally to confirm its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. Furthermore, as a result of its therapeutic influence on health, in order to establish intellectual property, patents are utilized. In light of the vast potential of eugenol, this review presents a detailed data collection on DDZ to substantiate the claim to develop it in the therapeutic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ubaid
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Salauddin
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Andalib Shadani
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S. M. Kawish
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy
Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of
Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance
Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Halawi
- Pharmacy
Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, U.K.
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsher Alam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. The hypoglycemic potential of phenolics from functional foods and their mechanisms. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Kotipalli RSS, Patnaik SS, Kumar JM, Ramakrishna S, Muralidharan K. Biochanin-A attenuates DHEA-induced polycystic ovary syndrome via upregulation of GDF9 and BMP15 signaling in vivo. Life Sci 2023; 326:121795. [PMID: 37230376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Phytoestrogens can act as natural estrogens owing to their structural similarity to human estrogens. Biochanin-A (BCA) is a well-studied phytoestrogen with a wide variety of pharmacological activities, whereas not reported in the most frequently encountered endocrinopathy called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of BCA on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) induced PCOS in mice. MAIN METHODS Thirty-six female C57BL6/J mice were divided into six groups: sesame oil, DHEA-induced PCOS, DHEA + BCA (10 mg/kg/day), DHEA + BCA (20 mg/kg/day), DHEA + BCA (40 mg/kg/day), and metformin (50 mg/kg/day). KEY FINDINGS The results showed a decrease in obesity, elevated lipid parameters, restoration of hormonal imbalances (testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, adiponectin, insulin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone), estrus irregular cyclicity, and pathological changes in the ovary, fat pad, and liver. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, BCA supplementation inhibited the over secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and upregulated TGFβ superfamily markers such as GDF9, BMP15, TGFβR1, and BMPR2 in the ovarian milieu of PCOS mice. Furthermore, BCA reversed insulin resistance by increasing circulating adiponectin levels through a negative correlation with insulin levels. Our results indicate that BCA attenuated DHEA-induced PCOS ovarian derangements, which could be mediated by the TGFβ superfamily signaling pathway via GDF9 and BMP15 and associated receptors as first evidenced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Satya Sri Kotipalli
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Samata Sai Patnaik
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Kathirvel Muralidharan
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Flavonoids' Dual Benefits in Gastrointestinal Cancer and Diabetes: A Potential Treatment on the Horizon? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246073. [PMID: 36551558 PMCID: PMC9776408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and gastrointestinal cancers (GI) are global health conditions with a massive burden on patients' lives worldwide. The development of both conditions is influenced by several factors, such as diet, genetics, environment, and infection, which shows a potential link between them. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables. Once ingested, unabsorbed flavonoids reaching the colon undergo enzymatic modification by the gut microbiome to facilitate absorption and produce ring fission products. The metabolized flavonoids exert antidiabetic and anti-GI cancer properties, targeting major impaired pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation in both conditions, suggesting the potentially dual effects of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers in four significant pathways. It also addresses the synergistic effects of selected flavonoids on both conditions. While this is an intriguing approach, more studies are required to better understand the mechanism of how flavonoids can influence the same impaired pathways with different outcomes depending on the disease.
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10
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Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:849-864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kang N, Zhang Y, Xue F, Duan J, Chen F, Cai Y, Luan Q. Periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis drives impaired glucose metabolism in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:998600. [PMID: 36299624 PMCID: PMC9588948 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been demonstrated to be bidirectionally associated with diabetes and has been recognized as a complication of diabetes. As a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a possible pathogen linking periodontal disease and systemic diseases. It has also been found to be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered the P. gingivalis strain ATCC381 for 22 weeks. Histological analysis of the gingival tissue and quantified analysis of alveolar bone loss were performed to evaluate periodontal destruction. Body weight, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test (GTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were used to evaluate glucose metabolism disorder. We then analyzed the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in gingival tissue, the liver, and adipose tissue, as well as in serum. The results showed that mice in the P. gingivalis-administered group developed apparent gingival inflammation and more alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. After 22 weeks of P. gingivalis infection, significant differences were observed at 30 and 60 min for the GTT and at 15 min for the ITT. P. gingivalis-administered mice showed an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL8, and CXCL10) in the gingiva and serum. The expression levels of the glucose metabolism-related genes were also changed in the liver and adipose tissue. Our results indicate that oral administration of P. gingivalis can induce changes in the inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the gingiva and blood, can lead to alveolar bone loss and to inflammatory changes in the liver and adipose tissues, and can promote glucose metabolism disorder in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Kang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xue
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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12
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Li B, Pan LL, Pan X, Dong X, Ren Z, Zhang H, Chen W, de Vos P, Sun J. Opportunities and challenges of polyphenols and polysaccharides for type 1 diabetes intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2811-2823. [PMID: 36168918 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cell. It contributes to high mortality, frequent diabetic complications, poor quality of life in patients and also puts a significant economic burden on health care systems. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Recently, certain dietary compounds with potential applications in food industry, particularly polyphenols and polysaccharides, have gained increasing attention with their prominent anti-diabetic effects on T1D by modulating β cell function, the gut microbiota and/or the immune system. In this review, we critically discuss the recent findings of several dietary polyphenols and polysaccharides with the potential to protect against T1D and the underlying anti-diabetic mechanisms. More importantly, we highlight the current trends, major issues, and future directions of industrial production of polyphenols- and polysaccharides-based functional foods for preventing or delaying T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Zhengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Effects of Genistein on Common Kidney Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183768. [PMID: 36145144 PMCID: PMC9506319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen (soy or soybean products) that is classified as an isoflavone, and its structure is similar to that of endogenous estrogens; therefore, genistein can exert an estrogen-like effect via estrogen receptors. Additionally, genistein is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which enables it to block abnormal cell growth and proliferation signals through the inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Genistein is also an angiogenesis inhibitor and an antioxidant. Genistein has effects on kidney cells, some of the kidney’s physiological functions, and a variety of kidney diseases. First, genistein exerts a protective effect on normal cells by reducing the inflammatory response, inhibiting apoptosis, inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting remodeling, etc., but after cell injury, the protective effect of genistein decreases or even has the opposite effect. Second, genistein can regulate renin intake to maintain blood pressure balance, regulate calcium uptake to regulate Ca2+ and Pi balances, and reduce vasodilation to promote diuresis. Third, genistein has beneficial effects on a variety of kidney diseases (including acute kidney disease, kidney cancer, and different chronic kidney diseases), such as reducing symptoms, delaying disease progression, and improving prognosis. Therefore, this paper reviews animal and human studies on the protective effects of genistein on the kidney in vivo and in vitro to provide a reference for clinical research in the future.
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14
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Erdogan BR, Liu G, Arioglu-Inan E, Michel MC. Established and emerging treatments for diabetes-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:887-906. [PMID: 35545721 PMCID: PMC9276575 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract (LUT) including urinary bladder and urethra (and prostate in men) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes and can manifest as overactive bladder, underactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and as aggravated symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia. We have performed a selective literature search to review existing evidence on efficacy of classic medications for the treatment of LUT dysfunction in diabetic patients and animals, i.e., α1-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Generally, these agents appear to have comparable efficacy in patients and/or animals with and without diabetes. We also review effects of antidiabetic medications on LUT function. Such studies have largely been performed in animal models. In the streptozotocin-induced models of type 1 diabetes, insulin can prevent and reverse alterations of morphology, function, and gene expression patterns in bladder and prostate. Typical medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes have been studied less often, and the reported findings are not yet sufficient to derive robust conclusions. Thereafter, we review animal studies with emerging medications perhaps targeting diabetes-associated LUT dysfunction. Data with myoinositol, daidzein, and with compounds that target oxidative stress, inflammation, Rac1, nerve growth factor, angiotensin II receptor, serotonin receptor, adenosine receptor, and soluble guanylyl cyclase are not conclusive yet, but some hold promise as potential treatments. Finally, we review nonpharmacological interventions in diabetic bladder dysfunction. These approaches are relatively new and give promising results in preclinical studies. In conclusion, the insulin data in rodent models of type 1 diabetes suggest that diabetes-associated LUT function can be mostly or partially reversed. However, we propose that considerable additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to target diabetes itself or pathophysiological changes induced by chronic hyperglycemia for the treatment of diabetic uropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül R Erdogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ebru Arioglu-Inan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Luhovyy BL, Kathirvel P. Food proteins in the regulation of blood glucose control. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:181-231. [PMID: 36064293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food proteins, depending on their origin, possess unique characteristics that regulate blood glucose via multiple physiological mechanisms, including the insulinotropic effects of amino acids, the activation of incretins, and slowing gastric emptying rate. The strategies aimed at curbing high blood glucose are important in preventing impaired blood glucose control, including insulin resistance, prediabetes and diabetes. The effect of proteins on blood glucose control can be achieved with high-protein foods short-term, and high-protein diets long-term using foods that are naturally high in protein, such as dairy, meat, soy and pulses, or by formulating high-protein functional food products using protein concentrates and isolates, or blended mixtures of proteins from different sources. Commercial sources of protein powders are represented by proteins and hydrolysates of caseins, whey proteins and their fractions, egg whites, soy, yellow pea and hemp which will be reviewed in this chapter. The effective doses of food protein that are capable of reducing postprandial glycemia start from 7 to 10g and higher per serving; however, the origin of protein, and macronutrient composition of a meal will determine the magnitude and duration of their effect on glycemia. The theoretical and methodological framework to evaluate the effect of foods, including food proteins, on postprandial glycemia for substantiation of health claims on food has been proposed in Canada and is discussed in the context of global efforts to harmonize the international food regulation and labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan L Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Priya Kathirvel
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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16
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Laddha AP, Kulkarni YA. Daidzein attenuates urinary bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by NOX-4 and RAC-1 inhibition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:975-986. [PMID: 35538367 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation are involved in the pathogenesis of many disease conditions such as diabetes and its complications. In the present study, we have examined the effect of daidzein in the management of diabetic cystopathy. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg. After 6 weeks of diabetes induction, animals were treated with daidzein orally at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Diabetic animals showed increase (p < 0.001) in bladder capacity (4.32 ± 0.43 mL) and residual volume (2.53 ± 0.19 mL) when compared with normal control animals (2.10 ± 0.40 mL and 0.51 ± 0.12 mL res). Treatment with daidzein at dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated bladder capacity (2.91 ± 0.11 mL, p < 0.01 and 2.65 ± 1.13 mL, p < 0.001) and residual volume (1.40 ± 0.15 mL, p < 0.001 and 1.15 ± 0.05 mL, p < 0.001). Daidzein-treated animals also showed improvement in voiding efficiency. Elevated threshold and baseline pressure were also found to be reduced in diabetic animals after 4 weeks of daidzein treatment. Daidzein treatment also prevented the loss of antioxidant enzymes in the urinary bladder and also reduced the expression of NOX-4 and RAC-1 in the bladder. From the results, it can be concluded that daidzein showed a beneficial effect on urinary bladder dysfunction in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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17
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Rasheed S, Rehman K, Shahid M, Suhail S, Akash MSH. Therapeutic potentials of genistein: New insights and perspectives. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14228. [PMID: 35579327 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, a polyphenolic isoflavone compound found abundantly in soy or soy-based products, is widely consumed in the Asian population. Genistein has poor bioavailability, to overcome this problem many advanced nano-drug delivery carrier systems are designed to enhance its water solubility and stability. However, further research is required to develop more efficient bioavailability improvement strategies. Genistein is a phytoestrogen which has been associated with reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes mellitus. This plant-based bioactive compound possesses numerous biological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic activities to treat various disease states. Genistein has been used as an active therapeutic agent in many medications. Moreover, several clinical trials are in the ongoing stage to develop more efficient treatment therapies, especially for cancer treatment. This article highlights the protective and therapeutic benefits of genistein in the treatment of different ailments, and more specifically elaborates on the anti-cancer potential of genistein regarding various types of cancers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Genistein possesses versatile biological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-angiogenic. The most studied activity is anti-cancer. Currently, a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are being carried out on anti-neoplastic and cytotoxic activities of genistein to develop novel therapeutic agents with excellent anti-cancer potential for the treatment of various kinds of cancer. Moreover, many bioavailability enhancement strategies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of genistein. Genistein shows significant hypoglycemic effects alone or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents. Genistein in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is used for the treatment of prostate, bone, colorectal, glioma, breast, and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Momina Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaleem Suhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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18
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The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051713. [PMID: 35268815 PMCID: PMC8911649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most demanding health problems today, and their prevalence, as well as comorbidities, is on the rise all over the world. As time goes on, both are becoming big issues that have a big impact on people’s lives. Diabetes is a metabolic and endocrine illness set apart by hyperglycemia and glucose narrow-mindedness because of insulin opposition. Heftiness is a typical, complex, and developing overall wellbeing worry that has for quite some time been connected to significant medical issues in individuals, all things considered. Because of the wide variety and low adverse effects, herbal products are an important hotspot for drug development. Synthetic compounds are not structurally diverse and lack drug-likeness properties. Thus, it is basic to keep on exploring herbal products as possible wellsprings of novel drugs. We conducted this review of the literature by searching Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. From 1990 until October 2021, research reports, review articles, and original research articles in English are presented. It provides top to bottom data and an examination of plant-inferred compounds that might be utilized against heftiness or potentially hostile to diabetes treatments. Our expanded comprehension of the systems of activity of phytogenic compounds, as an extra examination, could prompt the advancement of remedial methodologies for metabolic diseases. In clinical trials, a huge number of these food kinds or restorative plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of obesity.
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19
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Zolkeflee NKZ, Ramli NS, Azlan A, Abas F. In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Activities and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile of Muntingia calabura Leaves Extract. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010287. [PMID: 35011523 PMCID: PMC8746400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-diabetic compounds from natural sources are now being preferred to prevent or treat diabetes due to adverse effects of synthetic drugs. The decoction of Muntingia calabura leaves was traditionally consumed for diabetes treatment. However, there has not been any published data currently available on the processing effects on this plant’s biological activity and phytochemical profile. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of three drying methods (freeze-drying (FD), air-drying (AD), and oven-drying (OD)) and ethanol:water ratios (0, 50, and 100%) on in vitro anti-diabetic activities of M. calabura leaves. In addition, an ultrahigh-performance-liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was used to characterize the metabolites in the active extract. The FD M. calabura leaves, extracted with 50% ethanol, is the most active extract that exhibits a high α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.46 ± 0.05 and 26.39 ± 3.93 µg/mL, respectively. Sixty-one compounds were tentatively identified by using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS from the most active extract. Quantitative analysis, by using UHPLC, revealed that geniposide, daidzein, quercitrin, 6-hydroxyflavanone, kaempferol, and formononetin were predominant compounds identified from the active extract. The results have laid down preliminary steps toward developing M. calabura leaves extract as a potential source of bioactive compounds for diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Khaleeda Zulaikha Zolkeflee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3976-9834-3
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20
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The Association between Plasma Concentration of Phytoestrogens and Hypertension within the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124366. [PMID: 34959918 PMCID: PMC8703377 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the association between plasma phytoestrogen concentration (genistein, daidzein, equol and enterolactone) and hypertension, we conducted a nested case–control study for 229 hypertension cases including 112 prehypertension and 159 healthy controls derived from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC). The concentration of plasma phytoestrogens was measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. We assessed the association between plasma phytoestrogens and hypertension using logistic regression models using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The highest tertile of plasma equol and enterolactone concentration exhibited a significantly decreased risk of hypertension (equol, OR = 0.34, 95%CI 0.20–0.57; enterolactone, OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.18–0.57), compared with the lowest tertile. Equol and enterolactone showed reduced ORs for prehypertension (the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile, OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.26–0.96; OR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.19–0.75, respectively) and hypertension (OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.22–0.81; OR = 0.28, 95%CI 0.14–0.54, respectively). There was a stronger association in hypertension (the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile in obesity vs. non-obesity; equol, OR = 0.06 vs. 0.63; enterolactone, OR = 0.07 vs. 0.46; both p-heterogeneity < 0.01). This study suggests that equol and enterolactone may contribute to prevent primarily prehypertension and hypertension, and control cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on the continuum of hypertension and CVD. Further study to assess hypertension risk based on useful biomarkers, including phytoestrogens, may contribute to primary prevention of hypertension.
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21
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Smoak P, Burke SJ, Collier JJ. Botanical Interventions to Improve Glucose Control and Options for Diabetes Therapy. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:2465-2491. [PMID: 35098034 PMCID: PMC8796700 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-021-01034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. This endocrine disease is clustered into distinct subtypes based on the route of development, with the most common forms associated with either autoimmunity (T1DM) or obesity (T2DM). A shared hallmark of both major forms of diabetes is a reduction in function (insulin secretion) or mass (cell number) of the pancreatic islet beta-cell. Diminutions in both mass and function are often present. A wide assortment of plants have been used historically to reduce the pathological features associated with diabetes. In this review, we provide an organized viewpoint focused around the phytochemicals and herbal extracts investigated using various preclinical and clinical study designs. In some cases, crude extracts were examined directly, and in others, purified compounds were explored for their possible therapeutic efficacy. A subset of these studies compared the botanical product with standard of care prescribed drugs. Finally, we note that botanical formulations are likely suspects for future drug discovery and refinement into class(es) of compounds that have either direct or adjuvant therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smoak
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, LA 70808 Baton Rouge, USA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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22
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Li Y, He G, Chen D, Yu B, Yu J, Zheng P, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Mao X, Yan H, He J. Supplementing daidzein in diets improves the reproductive performance, endocrine hormones and antioxidant capacity of multiparous sows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1052-1060. [PMID: 34738035 PMCID: PMC8546373 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Certain hormones play important roles in modulating mammalian reproductive behaviour. Daidzein is a well-known isoflavonic phytoestrogen that possesses oestrogenic activity. This study was conducted to probe the effects of daidzein supplementation in gestation diets on the reproductive performance in sows. A total of 120 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 60) and fed either a base diet (control) or one containing 200 mg/kg daidzein during gestation. We discovered that daidzein supplementation significantly increased the total number of piglets born per litter and number of piglets born alive per litter (P < 0.05), decreased the farrowing time (P < 0.05) and increased the serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05) at 35 d of gestation. Moreover, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher in the daidzein-treated group than in the control group at 35 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Daidzein increased the serum SOD activity and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) at 85 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Interestingly, daidzein elevated the expression levels of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SLC38A1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes in the placenta (P < 0.05). These results suggest that daidzein ingestion could improve sow reproductive performance by changing serum hormones, elevating anti-oxidative capacity and up-regulating critical functional genes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | | | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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23
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Gao X, Liu S, Ding C, Miao Y, Gao Z, Li M, Fan W, Tang Z, Mhlambi NH, Yan L, Song S. Comparative effects of genistein and bisphenol A on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in laying hens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117795. [PMID: 34274649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and genistein (GEN) are selective estrogen receptor modulators, which are involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome. However, their roles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of laying hens have not been reported. Here, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of GEN and BPA on the NAFLD of laying hens. Results showed that GEN ameliorated the high-energy and low-protein diet (HELP)-induced NAFLD by improving pathological damage, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance and blocking the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related factors. By contrast, high dose of BPA could aggravate these changes with serious symptom of NAFLD and suppress the level of ERα in the liver considerably, while GEN could reverse this phenomenon in a dose-dependent manner. In general, our research shows that the protective effect of GEN on NAFLD aims to improve the metabolic disorders and inflammation closely connected to ERα, while BPA can inhibit the expression of ERα and exacerbate the symptom of NAFLD. In conclusion, we elucidate the opposing effects of GEN and BPA in NAFLD of laying hens, thus providing a potential mechanism related to ERα and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufan Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengcong Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nobuhle Hyacinth Mhlambi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Nazari-Khanamiri F, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of genistein in prevention and treatment of diseases: An overview. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13972. [PMID: 34664285 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is the simplest secondary metabolite in soybeans and belongs to a group of compounds called isoflavones. It is a phytoestrogen and it makes up more than 60% of soy isoflavones. Studies have shown the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects of genistein in addition to its modulatory effects on steroidal hormone receptors. In this review, we discuss the pharmacologic and therapeutic effects of genistein on various diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this review, we have discussed the therapeutic effects of genistein as the main constituent of soybeans on health conditions. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and, anti-angiogenic effects need more attention. The pharmacological properties of genistein make this natural isoflavone a potential treatment for various diseases such as postmenopausal symptoms, cancer, bone, brain, and heart diseases. Special emphasis should be given to it, resulting in using it in clinical as a safe, potent, and bioactive molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Leis K, Kulczyńska A, Racinowski M, Kaczor P, Gołębiewski J, Januszko-Giergielewicz B. Genistein–a supplement improving efficiency of the human body: A review. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gupta S, Chen WN. A metabolomics approach to evaluate post-fermentation enhancement of daidzein and genistein in a green okara extract. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5124-5131. [PMID: 33608899 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Okara is a major agri-industrial by-product of the tofu and soymilk industries. Employing food-wastes as substrates for the green production of natural functional compounds is a recent trend that addresses the dual concepts of sustainable production and a zero-waste ecosystem. RESULTS Extracts of unfermented okara and okara fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus were obtained using ethanol as extraction solvent, coupled with ultrasound sonication for enhanced extraction. Fermented extracts yielded significantly better results for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than unfermented extracts. A qualitative liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis revealed a shift from glucoside forms to respective aglycone forms of the detected isoflavones, post-fermentation. Since the aglycone forms have been associated with numerous health benefits, a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed. Fermented okara extracts had daidzein and genistein concentrations of 11.782 ± 0.325 μg mL-1 and 10.125 ± 1.028 μg mL-1 , as opposed to that of 6.7 ± 2.42 μg mL-1 and 4.55 ± 0.316 μg mL-1 in raw okara extracts, respectively. Lastly, the detected isoflavones were mapped to their metabolic pathways, to understand the biochemical reactions triggered during the fermentation process. CONCLUSION Fermented okara may be implemented as a sustainable solution for production of natural bioactive isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Bernatoniene J, Kazlauskaite JA, Kopustinskiene DM. Pleiotropic Effects of Isoflavones in Inflammation and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115656. [PMID: 34073381 PMCID: PMC8197878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens of plant origin, mostly found in the members of the Fabaceae family, that exert beneficial effects in various degenerative disorders. Having high similarity to 17-β-estradiol, isoflavones can bind estrogen receptors, scavenge reactive oxygen species, activate various cellular signal transduction pathways and modulate growth and transcription factors, activities of enzymes, cytokines, and genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Due to their pleiotropic activities isoflavones might be considered as a natural alternative for the treatment of estrogen decrease-related conditions during menopause. This review will focus on the effects of isoflavones on inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases including cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and adverse postmenopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.A.K.); (D.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jurga Andreja Kazlauskaite
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.A.K.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Dalia Marija Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.A.K.); (D.M.K.)
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Sridevi V, Naveen P, Karnam VS, Reddy PR, Arifullah M. Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant-based Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:802-815. [PMID: 32942973 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200917154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through a plant-based diet also named as "dietary estrogens". The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flaxseed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods plays a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster, including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. OBJECTIVE Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meals for most people worldwide, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by observing endocrine disruption. CONCLUSION The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaadala Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Ponneri Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | | | - Pamuru R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Mohammed Arifullah
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA) & Faculty of Agrobased Industry (FIAT), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Alkhalidy H, Liu D. The Emerging Role of Polyphenols in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030703. [PMID: 33572808 PMCID: PMC7866283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a fast-increasing health problem globally, and it results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as one of the major regulatory organs of glucose homeostasis that involves multiple gut hormones and microbiota. Notably, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis via eliciting pleiotropic effects, which are largely mediated via its receptor. Thus, targeting the GLP-1 signaling system is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy to treatment T2D. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites from plants, have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic effects. Although the major targets and locations for the polyphenolic compounds to exert the anti-diabetic action are still unclear, the first organ that is exposed to these compounds is the GI tract in which polyphenols could modulate enzymes and hormones. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that polyphenols can stimulate GLP-1 secretion, indicating that these natural compounds might exert metabolic action at least partially mediated by GLP-1. This review provides an overview of nutritional regulation of GLP-1 secretion and summarizes recent studies on the roles of polyphenols in GLP-1 secretion and degradation as it relates to metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on microbiota and microbial metabolites that could indirectly modulate GLP-1 secretion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-3402; Fax: +1-540-231-3916
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The Role of Isoflavones in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010218. [PMID: 33379327 PMCID: PMC7795922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing number of type 2 diabetic individuals and the substantial social and financial costs associated with diabetes management, every effort should be made to improve its prevention and treatment methods. There is an ongoing search for natural dietary compounds that could be used for this purpose. This narrative review focuses on the therapeutic potential of isoflavones in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review summarizes (i) the molecular mechanisms of isoflavones action that are critical to their anti-diabetic properties; (ii) preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the influence of isoflavones on the function of key organs involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; and (iii) epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the effectiveness of isoflavones in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans. Apart from discussing the effects of isoflavones on the function of organs “classically” associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes (pancreas, liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), the impact of these compounds on other organs that contribute to the glucose homeostasis (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain) is also reviewed.
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MicroRNA Modulation by Dietary Supplements in Obesity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120545. [PMID: 33261062 PMCID: PMC7759905 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Weight loss obtained through diet and exercise leads to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the possible beneficial effects of dietary supplements (DSs), including polyphenols, fatty acids, and other plant-derived substances, as adjuvants in the management of obesity and metabolic diseases. Specifically, polyphenols, widely spread in vegetables and fruits, significantly modulate adipose tissue activities, contrasting inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in preclinical and clinical studies. Remarkably, polyphenols are involved in complex microRNA networks, which play crucial roles in metabolic processes. The administration of different polyphenols and other plant-derived compounds led to significant changes in the microRNA expression profile in peripheral tissues in a growing number of preclinical studies. In particular, these compounds were able to revert obesity-induced microRNA dysregulation, leading to the inhibition of adipogenesis and the induction of weight loss. Furthermore, through microRNA modulation, they attenuated key metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance and lipid anomalies, in animal models of obesity. Some of them were also able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence about the effect of plant-derived DSs on microRNA expression in obesity.
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Ahmed QU, Ali AHM, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Parveen H, Sabere ASM, Nawi MSM, Khatib A, Siddiqui MJ, Umar A, Alhassan AM. Medicinal Potential of Isoflavonoids: Polyphenols That May Cure Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235491. [PMID: 33255206 PMCID: PMC7727648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Abdul Hasib Mohd Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sayeed Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Sufian Mohd. Nawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jamshed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrashid Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
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Sun Z, Li D, Li Y, Chen D, Yu B, Yu J, Mao X, Zheng P, Luo Y, Luo J, He J. Effects of dietary daidzein supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seenappa V, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K. Intricate Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Isoforms in Normal Physiology and Disease. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:247-272. [PMID: 30947672 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190404155801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) isoforms are considered as rate-limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis pathways. PEPCK exhibits several interesting features such as a) organelle-specific isoforms (cytosolic and a mitochondrial) in vertebrate clade, b) tissue-specific expression of isoforms and c) organism-specific requirement of ATP or GTP as a cofactor. In higher organisms, PEPCK isoforms are intricately regulated and activated through several physiological and pathological stimuli such as corticoids, hormones, nutrient starvation and hypoxia. Isoform-specific transcriptional/translational regulation and their interplay in maintaining glucose homeostasis remain to be fully understood. Mounting evidence indicates the significant involvement of PEPCK isoforms in physiological processes (development and longevity) and in the progression of a variety of diseases (metabolic disorders, cancer, Smith-Magenis syndrome). OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aimed to assimilate existing knowledge of transcriptional and translational regulation of PEPCK isoforms derived from cell, animal and clinical models. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and extensive bioinformatics analysis, in this review we have provided a comparative (epi)genetic understanding of PCK1 and PCK2 genes encompassing regulatory elements, disease-associated polymorphisms, copy number variations, regulatory miRNAs and CpG densities. We have also discussed various exogenous and endogenous modulators of PEPCK isoforms and their signaling mechanisms. A comprehensive review of existing knowledge of PEPCK regulation and function may enable identification of the underlying gaps to design new pharmacological strategies and interventions for the diseases associated with gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Seenappa
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
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Apaya MK, Kuo TF, Yang MT, Yang G, Hsiao CL, Chang SB, Lin Y, Yang WC. Phytochemicals as modulators of β-cells and immunity for the therapy of type 1 diabetes: Recent discoveries in pharmacological mechanisms and clinical potential. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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Salahshoor MR, Jalili C, Rashidi I, Roshankhah S, Jalili F. Protective Effect of Genistein on the Morphine-Induced Kidney Disorders in Male Mice. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
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Flavonoids and type 2 diabetes: Evidence of efficacy in clinical and animal studies and delivery strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104629. [PMID: 31918019 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder develops due to the overproduction of free radicals where oxidative stress could contribute it. Possible factors are defective insulin signals, glucose oxidation, and degradation of glycated proteins as well as alteration in glutathione metabolism which induced hyperglycemia. Previous studies revealed a link between T2DM with oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance which are assumed to be regulated by numerous cellular networks such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, GSK3 and PPARγ. Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in the nature and classified according to their chemical structures for example, flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones. Flavonoids indicate poor bioavailability which could be improved by employing various nano-delivery systems against the occurrences of T2DM. These bioactive compounds exert versatile anti-diabetic activities via modulating targeted cellular signaling networks, thereby, improving glucose metabolism, α -glycosidase, and glucose transport or aldose reductase by carbohydrate metabolic pathway in pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibres. Moreover, anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids also encounter diabetic related complications. This review article has designed to shed light on the anti-diabetic potential of flavonoids, contribution of oxidative stress, evidence of efficacy in clinical, cellular and animal studies and nano-delivery approaches to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. This article might give some new insights for therapeutic intervention against T2DM in near future.
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Abstract
Soybeans contain several physiologically active ingredients, such as soy phytosterol, soyasaponin, soy protein, and lecithin, and are therefore expected to express the functionalities of said ingredients. Among them, soy isoflavones have been studied in recent years for their various functions, including their obesity-preventing effect, blood glucose level reducing effect, osteoporosis and breast cancer risk reduction, and anti-oxidative effect, and several health promoting effects and disease preventing effects are expected. For example, it has been determined that soy isoflavones reduce body and fat weight in experiments in which mice were fed a diet containing soy isoflavones in studies on anti-obesity. Epidemiologic studies with humans have also shown that women who consume more soybeans have lower BMI than those who consume less. We previously found that soy isoflavones may have anti-obesity effects in myoblasts through the activation of transcriptional coactivator PGC-1β, which increases energy expenditure. In recent studies, a decrease in blood glucose level due to soy isoflavone was seen in an experiment in which diabetic model mice were fed a diet containing soy isoflavone. It has also been suggested that soy isoflavone intake may increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and reduce the risk of breast cancer. This review focuses on the actions of soy isoflavones known to date, including their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects, bone loss preventing effects, and cancer risk reduction effects, and introduces reports on the health promotion and disease prevention effects of soy isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Nakai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
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Son HU, Yoon EK, Yoo CY, Park CH, Bae MA, Kim TH, Lee CH, Lee KW, Seo H, Kim KJ, Lee SH. Effects of Synergistic Inhibition on α-glucosidase by Phytoalexins in Soybeans. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E828. [PMID: 31817312 PMCID: PMC6995600 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanism of action of the effects of phytoalexins in soybeans, we analyzed α-glucosidase inhibition kinetics using Michaelis-Menten plots and Lineweaver-Burk plots. The results showed that the type of inhibition with glyceollin was competitive, that of genistein was noncompetitive, that of daidzein was uncompetitive, and luteolin showed a mixed mode of action. The Ki values were determined using a Dixon plot as glyceollin, 18.99 μM; genistein, 15.42 μM; luteolin, 16.81 μM; and daidzein, 9.99 μM. Furthermore, potential synergistic effects between glyceollin and the three polyphenols were investigated. A combination of glyceollin and luteolin at a ratio of 3:7 exhibited synergistic effects on α-glucosidase inhibition, having a combination index (CI) of 0.64244, according to the CI-isobologram equation. Collectively, these results showed that a combination of glyceollin and luteolin has the potential to inhibit α-glucosidase activity via a synergistic mode of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-U Son
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-U.S.); (E.-K.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Eun-Kyeong Yoon
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-U.S.); (E.-K.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chi-Yeol Yoo
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-U.S.); (E.-K.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.H.L.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.H.L.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.S.); (K.-J.K.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.S.); (K.-J.K.)
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-U.S.); (E.-K.Y.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- knu BnC, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Bhalla Y, Chadha K, Chadha R, Karan M. Daidzein cocrystals: An opportunity to improve its biopharmaceutical parameters. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02669. [PMID: 31763466 PMCID: PMC6861730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study involves the contribution of cocrystallization towards the modification of the biopharmaceutical parameters of poorly watersoluble plant-originated isoflavone, daidzein (DAID). The cocrystals were prepared with GRAS status coformers i.e., isonicotinamide, theobromine and cytosine using mechanochemical grinding and characterized by various analytical techniques (DSC, FT-IR, PXRD and solid-state NMR). Crystal structures were obtained from PXRD data using BIOVIA Materials Studio software and compared in terms of supramolecular motifs. An additional qualitative and quantitative insight into interactions between both components of the cocrystal illustrated the presence of OH⋯N and OH⋯O=C heterosynthons and revealed a stabilizing role of hydrogen bonding. The cocrystals were further evaluated for their solubility, intrinsic dissolution and in vivo profile. Solubility and dissolution studies of pure daidzein and its cocrystals, namely daidzein-isonicotinamide (DIS), daidzein-cytosine (DCYT) and daidzein-theobromine (DTB) exhibited an almost 2-fold improvement. Evaluation of maximum concentration (Cmax) of cocrystals reveals that the DIS cocrystal shows the highest Cmax of 1848.7 ng/ml followed by DCYT cocrystal (1614.9 ng/ml) and DTB cocrystal (1326.0 ng/ml) in comparison to DAID which has a Cmax 870.5 ng/ml. Each of these cocrystals showed significant enhancement in in vivo and in vitro activities in comparison to daidzein. Thus, this report suggests cocrystallization as a viable approach to resolve the solubility and bioavailability issues that circumvent the use of a therapeutically potential isoflavone, daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Thangavel P, Puga-Olguín A, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Zepeda RC. Genistein as Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Menopausal Symptoms and Other Related Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213892. [PMID: 31671813 PMCID: PMC6864469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have recently attracted greater interest in the field of new therapeutic agent development. These compounds have been widely screened for their pharmacological effects. Polyphenols, such as soy-derived isoflavones, also called phytoestrogens, have been extensively studied due to their ability to inhibit carcinogenesis. These compounds are chemically similar to 17β-estradiol, and mimic the binding of estrogens to its receptors, exerting estrogenic effects in target organs. Genistein is an isoflavone derived from soy-rich products and accounts for about 60% of total isoflavones found in soybeans. Genistein has been reported to exhibit several biological effects, such as anti-tumor activity (inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis), improvement of glucose metabolism, impairment of angiogenesis in both hormone-related and hormone-unrelated cancer cells, reduction of peri-menopausal and postmenopausal hot flashes, and modulation of antioxidant effects. Additionally, epidemiological and clinical studies have reported health benefits of genistein in many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and aid in the amelioration of typical menopausal symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. Although the biological effects are promising, certain limitations, such as low bioavailability, biological estrogenic activity, and effects on target organs, have limited the clinical applications of genistein to some extent. Moreover, studies report that modification of its molecular structure may eliminate the biological estrogenic activity and its effects on target organs. In this review, we summarize the potential benefits of genistein on menopause symptoms and menopause-related diseases like cardiovascular, osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thangavel
- Programa de Posgrado en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Puga-Olguín
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Juan F Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Rossana C Zepeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model’s studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Bisphenol S Modulates Type 1 Diabetes Development in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice with Diet- and Sex-Related Effects. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020035. [PMID: 31234578 PMCID: PMC6630337 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a common replacement for bisphenol A (BPA) in plastics, which has resulted in widespread human exposure. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from pancreatic β-cell destruction and has been increasing in incidence globally. Because of the similarities (e.g., endocrine disrupting) between BPS and BPA, and the fact that BPA was previously shown to accelerate T1D development in female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, it was hypothesized that BPS could contribute to the increasing T1D incidence by altering immunity with sex-biased responses. Adult female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were orally administered BPS at environmentally relevant doses (3, 30, 150 and 300 μg/kg), and males were given 0 or 300 μg/kg BPS. Females following 30 μg/kg BPS treatment on a soy-based diet had significantly delayed T1D development at the end of the study and decreased non-fasting blood glucose levels (BGLs) during the study. In contrast, BPS-exposed males on a soy-based diet showed an increased insulin resistance and varied BGLs. This might be a mixture effect with phytoestrogens, since males on a phytoestrogen-free diet showed improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin resistance and CD25+ T cells. Additionally, while BPS altered BGLs in soy-based diet mice, minimal effects were observed concerning their immunotoxicity. Thus, BPS had sex- and diet-dependent effects on T1D and glucose homeostasis, which were likely caused by other mechanisms in addition to immunomodulation.
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Xin X, Chen C, Hu YY, Feng Q. Protective effect of genistein on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109047. [PMID: 31176163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a vital health problem worldwide; however, no effective treatment is currently available for NAFLD. Intensive studies have indicated the efficacy of genistein (GE), a bioactive isoflavone extracted from soy, in treating NAFLD. In addition to its oestrogen-like effects, GE is known to have multiple molecular effects, for instance, lipid and glucose metabolism-promoting effects and activities against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD-related tumours. Here, this review summarizes the potential role of GE in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD and some of the currently known targets and signalling pathways of GE in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Huang G, Xu J, Guo TL. Isoflavone daidzein regulates immune responses in the B6C3F1 and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:277-284. [PMID: 30927738 PMCID: PMC6529284 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein (DAZ), a dominant isoflavone in various natural products such as soybeans, has been gaining attention due to the beneficial health effects (e.g., protection against cancer and diabetes) of its metabolites. Our major hypothesis was that dietary exposure to the soy phytoestrogen DAZ could modulate the immune responses toward a protective effect and lead to improved metabolic functions (such as glucose metabolism). In this study, we applied complementary mouse models, the hybrid B6C3F1 and inbred type 1 diabetes prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, to investigate if DAZ exposure modulated the immune responses. The animals were orally administered DAZ at various physiological doses (2-20 mg/kg body weight) during adulthood. DAZ significantly altered the relative organ weights in female B6C3F1 mice and decreased the B cell population (represented by CD3-IgM+), while the T cell populations (represented by CD3+IgM-, CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) were increased. In addition, DAZ dosing produced a decrease in the percentage of late apoptotic thymocytes. However, the activities cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells were not altered in the B6C3F1 mice. In NOD mice, the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance were not affected by DAZ exposure, but DAZ modulated the antibody production, as shown by increased levels of IgG2b in NOD females and IgG1 in NOD males. Further, DAZ increased CD8+CD25+ splenocytes in NOD females. Taken together, DAZ induced an immunomodulatory effect in both NOD and B6C3F1 mouse strains; however, minimal effects on glucose homeostasis were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
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de Camargo AC, Favero BT, Morzelle MC, Franchin M, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Geraldi MV, Maróstica Júnior MR, Shahidi F, Schwember AR. Is Chickpea a Potential Substitute for Soybean? Phenolic Bioactives and Potential Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2644. [PMID: 31146372 PMCID: PMC6600242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume seeds are rich sources of protein, fiber, and minerals. In addition, their phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites render health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Lowering apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells and decreasing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol oxidation are mechanisms related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Likewise, low-level chronic inflammation and related disorders of the immune system are clinical predictors of cardiovascular pathology. Furthermore, DNA-damage signaling and repair are crucial pathways to the etiology of human cancers. Along CVD and cancer, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes is constantly increasing. Screening the ability of polyphenols in inactivating digestive enzymes is a good option in pre-clinical studies. In addition, in vivo studies support the role of polyphenols in the prevention and/or management of diabetes and obesity. Soybean, a well-recognized source of phenolic isoflavones, exerts health benefits by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation related to the above-mentioned chronic ailments. Similar to soybeans, chickpeas are good sources of nutrients and phenolic compounds, especially isoflavones. This review summarizes the potential of chickpea as a substitute for soybean in terms of health beneficial outcomes. Therefore, this contribution may guide the industry in manufacturing functional foods and/or ingredients by using an undervalued feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bruno Trevenzoli Favero
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa Avenue, P.O. box 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, s/n, Cd, Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México.
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, s/n, Cd, Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México.
| | - Marina Vilar Geraldi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Andrés R Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile.
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Dong HL, Tang XY, Deng YY, Zhong QW, Wang C, Zhang ZQ, Chen YM. Urinary equol, but not daidzein and genistein, was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:719-728. [PMID: 30953148 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have examined the association of isoflavone intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and produced inconsistent results. Few studies, however, explored the association using objective biomarkers (particular for daidzein metabolite-equol) of isoflavones. We aimed to explore the association of urinary equol, daidzein and genistein concentrations with T2D and examine the mediating roles of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). METHODS This prospective study included 2818 subjects. Urinary concentrations of equol, daidzein and genistein were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The associations between urinary isoflavones and T2D incidence were evaluated by cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, urinary equol except daidzein and genistein was inversely associated with T2D incidence. In comparison with the first tertile, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for T2D incidence in the second and third tertile of equol concentration were 0.52 (0.37, 0.73) and 0.72 (0.53, 0.97), respectively. In stratified analyses by sex, the HR (95% CI) of men in the second vs. first tertile of equol was 0.29 (0.14, 0.58). Equivalent estimation in women was 0.67 (0.45, 1.01). Neither women nor men in the third tertile showed significant difference of T2D incidence compared with the first tertile. In path analyses, there was no evidence of mediating effects of hsCRP and RBP4 on the "equol-T2D" relationship. CONCLUSIONS Urinary equol was favorably associated with a decreased T2D incidence in Chinese adults. The equol-T2D relationship might not be mediated by hsCRP and RBP4. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03179657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan X, Dong D, Li Z, Wu B. Rev-erbα activation down-regulates hepatic Pck1 enzyme to lower plasma glucose in mice. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:310-318. [PMID: 30639375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
REV-ERBα (NR1D1) is a nuclear heme receptor that controls many cellular processes including cell differentiation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Although REV-ERBα has been also implicated in regulation of glucose homeostasis, the mechanism for this regulation remains unclear. Here we investigate a potential role of REV-ERBα in regulation of PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Hepatoma cells (Hepa-1c1c7 and HepG2 cells), wild-type mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated with SR9009, a specific REV-ERBα agonist. The relative mRNA and protein levels of enzymes in the cells or mouse livers were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The fasting plasma glucose test was performed to determine the effects of Rev-erbα on glucose homeostasis. Transcriptional regulation of Pck1 by Rev-erbα was investigated using a combination of luciferase reporter, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. SR9009 treatment significantly decreased the mRNA level of Pck1 in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells, whereas other major enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose bisphosphatase and Pck2) and in glycolysis (phosphofructokinase and hexokinase-1) were unaffected. Consistent with the mRNA change, the protein level of Pck1 was down-regulated. Similarly, a repressive action of REV-ERBα on PCK1 expression was observed in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. SR9009 administration to wild-type or diabetic mice significantly reduced the level of fasting plasma glucose. This coincided with decreased mRNA and protein levels of Pck1 in the liver. In addition, the diabetic mice showed an improvement in glucose tolerability after SR9009 treatment. Promoter analysis, mobility shift, and ChIP assays revealed that Rev-erbα trans-repressed Pck1 through direct binding to -325 to -320 bp region (a RevRE site) in the gene promoter. In conclusion, Rev-erbα activation down-regulates hepatic Pck1 to lower plasma glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Centre and Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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