1
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Dahiya S, Saleh M, Rodriguez UA, Rajasundaram D, R Arbujas J, Hajihassani A, Yang K, Sehrawat A, Kalsi R, Yoshida S, Prasadan K, Lickert H, Hu J, Piganelli JD, Gittes GK, Esni F. Acinar to β-like cell conversion through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3740. [PMID: 38702347 PMCID: PMC11068907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient functional β-cell mass causes diabetes; however, an effective cell replacement therapy for curing diabetes is currently not available. Reprogramming of acinar cells toward functional insulin-producing cells would offer an abundant and autologous source of insulin-producing cells. Our lineage tracing studies along with transcriptomic characterization demonstrate that treatment of adult mice with a small molecule that specifically inhibits kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase results in trans-differentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into insulin producing β-like cells. The acinar-derived insulin-producing cells infiltrate the pre-existing endocrine islets, partially restore β-cell mass, and significantly improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings provide evidence that inhibition of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells and could offer a promising strategy for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Dahiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uylissa A Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge R Arbujas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arian Hajihassani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kalsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiho Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Ullah Khan S, Daniela Hernández-González K, Ali A, Shakeel Raza Rizvi S. Diabetes and the fabkin complex: A dual-edged sword. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116196. [PMID: 38588831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The Fabkin complex, composed of FABP4, ADK, and NDPKs, emerges as a novel regulator of insulin-producing beta cells, offering promising prospects for diabetes treatment. Our approach, which combines literature review and database analysis, sets the stage for future research. These findings hold significant implications for both diabetes treatment and research, as they present potential therapeutic targets for personalized treatment, leading to enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper comprehension of the disease. The multifaceted role of the Fabkin complex in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, beta cell proliferation, and vascular function underscores its therapeutic potential, reshaping diabetes management and propelling advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Karla Daniela Hernández-González
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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3
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Wortham M, Ramms B, Zeng C, Benthuysen JR, Sai S, Pollow DP, Liu F, Schlichting M, Harrington AR, Liu B, Prakash TP, Pirie EC, Zhu H, Baghdasarian S, Auwerx J, Shirihai OS, Sander M. Metabolic control of adaptive β-cell proliferation by the protein deacetylase SIRT2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.24.581864. [PMID: 38464227 PMCID: PMC10925077 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.24.581864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Selective and controlled expansion of endogenous β-cells has been pursued as a potential therapy for diabetes. Ideally, such therapies would preserve feedback control of β-cell proliferation to avoid excessive β-cell expansion and an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Here, we identified a regulator of β-cell proliferation whose inactivation results in controlled β-cell expansion: the protein deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). Sirt2 deletion in β-cells of mice increased β-cell proliferation during hyperglycemia with little effect in homeostatic conditions, indicating preservation of feedback control of β-cell mass. SIRT2 restrains proliferation of human islet β-cells cultured in glucose concentrations above the glycemic set point, demonstrating conserved SIRT2 function. Analysis of acetylated proteins in islets treated with a SIRT2 inhibitor revealed that SIRT2 deacetylates enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, dampening the adaptive increase in oxygen consumption during hyperglycemia. At the transcriptomic level, Sirt2 inactivation has context-dependent effects on β-cells, with Sirt2 controlling how β-cells interpret hyperglycemia as a stress. Finally, we provide proof-of-principle that systemic administration of a GLP1-coupled Sirt2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide achieves β-cell selective Sirt2 inactivation and stimulates β-cell proliferation under hyperglycemic conditions. Overall, these studies identify a therapeutic strategy for increasing β-cell mass in diabetes without circumventing feedback control of β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bastian Ramms
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Benthuysen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Somesh Sai
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis P Pollow
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Schlichting
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Austin R Harrington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thazha P Prakash
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Elaine C Pirie
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Siyouneh Baghdasarian
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrated Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Kubota C, Torii R, Hosaka M, Takeuchi T, Gomi H, Torii S. Phogrin Regulates High-Fat Diet-Induced Compensatory Pancreatic β-Cell Growth by Switching Binding Partners. Nutrients 2024; 16:169. [PMID: 38201998 PMCID: PMC10780347 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase phogrin primarily localizes to hormone secretory granules in neuroendocrine cells. Concurrent with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, phogrin translocates to pancreatic β-cell plasma membranes, where it interacts with insulin receptors (IRs) to stabilize insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) that, in turn, contributes to glucose-responsive β-cell growth. Pancreatic β-cell development was not altered in β-cell-specific, phogrin-deficient mice, but the thymidine incorporation rate decreased in phogrin-deficient islets with a moderate reduction in IRS2 protein expression. In this study, we analyzed the β-cell response to high-fat diet stress and found that the compensatory expansion in β-cell mass was significantly suppressed in phogrin-deficient mice. Phogrin-IR interactions occurred only in high-fat diet murine islets and proliferating β-cell lines, whereas they were inhibited by the intercellular binding of surface phogrin under confluent cell culture conditions. Thus, phogrin could regulate glucose-stimulated compensatory β-cell growth by changing its binding partner from another β-cell phogrin to IR in the same β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kubota
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan (T.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryoko Torii
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan (T.T.)
| | - Masahiro Hosaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Akita, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Takeuchi
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan (T.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Gomi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Seiji Torii
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan (T.T.)
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
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5
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Kobiita A, Silva PN, Schmid MW, Stoffel M. FoxM1 coordinates cell division, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity in a subset of β cells during acute metabolic stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112986. [PMID: 37590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells display functional and transcriptional heterogeneity in health and disease. The sequence of events leading to β cell heterogeneity during metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, we characterize β cell responses to early metabolic stress in vivo by employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and real-time imaging to decipher temporal events of chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, and cell-cycle progression. We demonstrate that a subpopulation of β cells with active UPR, decreased protein synthesis, and insulin secretary capacities is more susceptible to proliferation after insulin depletion. Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress precedes the progression of the cell cycle and mitosis and ensures appropriate insulin synthesis. Furthermore, metabolic stress rapidly activates key transcription factors including FoxM1, which impacts on proliferative and quiescent β cells by regulating protein synthesis, ER stress, and mitochondrial activity via direct repression of mitochondrial-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kobiita
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc W Schmid
- MWSchmid GmbH, Hauptstrasse 34, 8750 Glarus, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, Universitäts-Spital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Prasad MK, Mohandas S, Ramkumar KM. Dysfunctions, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01854-0. [PMID: 37273039 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell death has been established as a critical mediator in the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Beta-cell death is associated with exacerbating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and paves the way for the progression of DM and its complications. Apoptosis has been considered the primary mechanism of beta-cell death in diabetes. However, recent pieces of evidence have implicated the substantial involvement of several other novel modes of cell death, including autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. These distinct mechanisms are characterized by their unique biochemical features and often precipitate damage through the induction of cellular stressors, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Experimental studies were identified from PubMed literature on different modes of beta cell death during the onset of diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes current knowledge on the crucial pathways implicated in pancreatic beta cell death. The article also focuses on applying natural compounds as potential treatment strategies in inhibiting these cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Krishna Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundhar Mohandas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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8
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Mu-U-Min RBA, Diane A, Allouch A, Al-Siddiqi HH. Ca 2+-Mediated Signaling Pathways: A Promising Target for the Successful Generation of Mature and Functional Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37371672 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting over 500 million adults globally and is mainly categorized as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by beta cell dysfunction. This review highlights the importance of the divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) and its associated signaling pathways in the proper functioning of beta cells and underlines the effects of Ca2+ dysfunction on beta cell function and its implications for the onset of diabetes. Great interest and promise are held by human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology to generate functional pancreatic beta cells from diabetic patient-derived stem cells to replace the dysfunctional cells, thereby compensating for insulin deficiency and reducing the comorbidities of the disease and its associated financial and social burden on the patient and society. Beta-like cells generated by most current differentiation protocols have blunted functionality compared to their adult human counterparts. The Ca2+ dynamics in stem cell-derived beta-like cells and adult beta cells are summarized in this review, revealing the importance of proper Ca2+ homeostasis in beta-cell function. Consequently, the importance of targeting Ca2+ function in differentiation protocols is suggested to improve current strategies to use hPSCs to generate mature and functional beta-like cells with a comparable glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) profile to adult beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razik Bin Abdul Mu-U-Min
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Heba H Al-Siddiqi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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9
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Farooq Z, Ismail H, Bhat SA, Layden BT, Khan MW. Aiding Cancer's "Sweet Tooth": Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:946. [PMID: 37109475 PMCID: PMC10141071 DOI: 10.3390/life13040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexokinases (HKs) convert hexose sugars to hexose-6-phosphate, thus trapping them inside cells to meet the synthetic and energetic demands. HKs participate in various standard and altered physiological processes, including cancer, primarily through the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Four canonical HKs have been identified with different expression patterns across tissues. HKs 1-3 play a role in glucose utilization, whereas HK 4 (glucokinase, GCK) also acts as a glucose sensor. Recently, a novel fifth HK, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), has been identified, which plays a role in whole-body glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Beyond the metabolic functions, HKDC1 is differentially expressed in many forms of human cancer. This review focuses on the role of HKs, particularly HKDC1, in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Md. Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Vivoli A, Ghislain J, Filali-Mouhim A, Angeles ZE, Castell AL, Sladek R, Poitout V. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Role for Reactive Oxygen Species and Peroxiredoxins in Fatty Acid-Induced Rat β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2023; 72:45-58. [PMID: 36191509 PMCID: PMC9797324 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional mass of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells expands to maintain glucose homeostasis in the face of nutrient excess, in part via replication of existing β-cells. Type 2 diabetes appears when these compensatory mechanisms fail. Nutrients including glucose and fatty acids are important contributors to the β-cell compensatory response, but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms of β-cell proliferation in response to fatty acids. Isolated rat islets were exposed to 16.7 mmol/L glucose with or without 0.5 mmol/L oleate (C18:1) or palmitate (C16:0) for 48 h. The islet transcriptome was assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing. β-Cell proliferation was measured by flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering of pooled β-cells identified different subclusters, including proliferating β-cells. β-Cell proliferation increased in response to oleate but not palmitate. Both fatty acids enhanced the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Comparison of proliferating versus nonproliferating β-cells and pseudotime ordering suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxiredoxin signaling. Accordingly, N-acetyl cysteine and the peroxiredoxin inhibitor conoidin A both blocked oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. Our study reveals a key role for ROS signaling through peroxiredoxin activation in oleate-induced β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vivoli
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zuraya Elisa Angeles
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Li C, Wu Y, Li H, Wang H, Liu JX. Lipid-related metabolism during zebrafish embryogenesis under unbalanced copper homeostasis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1571-1586. [PMID: 36161547 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element, playing an important role in lipid metabolism, and its transporters ATP7A and ATP7B, as Cu-transporting P-type ATPases, are involved in maintaining the Cu homeostasis in cells. Numerous studies in mammals have shown that Cu homeostasis and lipid metabolism are closely related, but studies on the link between the effects of excess Cu, ATP7A, and ATP7B on lipid metabolism during vertebrate embryogenesis are scarce. In this study, zebrafish disease models with Cu overload and ATP7A and ATP7B inactivation, respectively, were used to study the lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were enriched in the models. The dynamic and spatiotemporal expressions of the DEGs in WTs, atp7a-/-, and atp7b-/- mutants with or without Cu stress were unveiled in this study and they mostly distributed in brain at 24 hpf then in liver and intestine at 96 hpf, suggesting their potential roles in lipid and glycogen metabolism to apply energy for normal development in zebrafish. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis for the DEGs among the three groups unveiled that most of the DEGs were involved in the glyceride metabolism pathway. This is the first report to establish the relationship between atp7a and atp7b with Cu-stimulated intestinal and liver lipid metabolism during fish embryogenesis, and this study will provide a theoretical basis for fish embryonic development and lipid metabolism disorders under unbalanced copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangShun Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - HaoTian Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Wuhan Zhihuiyuan Environmental Protection Technology, Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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12
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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13
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Celen C, Chuang JC, Shen S, Li L, Maggiore G, Jia Y, Luo X, Moore A, Wang Y, Otto JE, Collings CK, Wang Z, Sun X, Nassour I, Park J, Ghaben A, Wang T, Wang SC, Scherer PE, Kadoch C, Zhu H. Arid1a loss potentiates pancreatic β-cell regeneration through activation of EGF signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Relation to T2DM from Endocrinology, Neurophysiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1708769. [PMID: 35983003 PMCID: PMC9381199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1708769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe disease caused by metabolic disorders, particularly carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The disease is a fatal global trouble characterised by high prevalence rates, causing death, blindness, kidney failure, myocardial infarction, amputation of lower limps, and stroke. Biochemical metabolic pathways like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis are critical pathways that regulate blood glucose levels with the glucokinase (GK) enzyme playing a central role in glucose homeostasis. Any factor that perturbs the aforementioned biochemical pathways is detrimental. Endocrinological, neurophysiological, and molecular biological pathways that are linked to carbohydrate metabolism should be studied, grasped, and manipulated in order to alleviate T2DM global chaos. The challenge, howbeit, is that, since the body is an integration of systems that complement one another, studying one “isolated” system is not very useful. This paper serves to discuss endocrinology, neurophysiology, and molecular biology pathways that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism in relation to T2DM.
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16
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Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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17
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Katz LS, Brill G, Zhang P, Kumar A, Baumel-Alterzon S, Honig LB, Gómez-Banoy N, Karakose E, Tanase M, Doridot L, Alvarsson A, Davenport B, Wang P, Lambertini L, Stanley SA, Homann D, Stewart AF, Lo JC, Herman MA, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. Maladaptive positive feedback production of ChREBPβ underlies glucotoxic β-cell failure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4423. [PMID: 35908073 PMCID: PMC9339008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation and expansion of β-cell mass is a therapeutic goal for diabetes. Here we show that the hyperactive isoform of carbohydrate response-element binding protein (ChREBPβ) is a nuclear effector of hyperglycemic stress occurring in β-cells in response to prolonged glucose exposure, high-fat diet, and diabetes. We show that transient positive feedback induction of ChREBPβ is necessary for adaptive β-cell expansion in response to metabolic challenges. Conversely, chronic excessive β-cell-specific overexpression of ChREBPβ results in loss of β-cell identity, apoptosis, loss of β-cell mass, and diabetes. Furthermore, β-cell "glucolipotoxicity" can be prevented by deletion of ChREBPβ. Moreover, ChREBPβ-mediated cell death is mitigated by overexpression of the alternate CHREBP gene product, ChREBPα, or by activation of the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway in rodent and human β-cells. We conclude that ChREBPβ, whether adaptive or maladaptive, is an important determinant of β-cell fate and a potential target for the preservation of β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Pharmacologic Sciences Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pili Zhang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core, University of Utah, 15N 2030 E, 585, Radiobiology building, Room 151, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Lee B Honig
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Nicolás Gómez-Banoy
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Marius Tanase
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
- Alpenglow Biosciences, Inc., 98103, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bennett Davenport
- 12800 East 19th Ave, Anschutz Medical Campus, Room P18-9403, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: 185, R614, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, 10029, USA.
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18
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Yan Z, Fortunato M, Shyr ZA, Clark AL, Fuess M, Nichols CG, Remedi MS. Genetic Reduction of Glucose Metabolism Preserves Functional β-Cell Mass in KATP-Induced Neonatal Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:1233-1245. [PMID: 35294000 PMCID: PMC9163553 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure and loss of β-cell mass are key events in diabetes progression. Although insulin hypersecretion in early stages has been implicated in β-cell exhaustion/failure, loss of β-cell mass still occurs in KATP gain-of-function (GOF) mouse models of human neonatal diabetes in the absence of insulin secretion. Thus, we hypothesize that hyperglycemia-induced increased β-cell metabolism is responsible for β-cell failure and that reducing glucose metabolism will prevent loss of β-cell mass. To test this, KATP-GOF mice were crossed with mice carrying β-cell-specific glucokinase haploinsufficiency (GCK+/-), to genetically reduce glucose metabolism. As expected, both KATP-GOF and KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice showed lack of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated markedly reduced blood glucose, delayed diabetes progression, and improved glucose tolerance compared with KATP-GOF mice. In addition, decreased plasma insulin and content, increased proinsulin, and augmented plasma glucagon observed in KATP-GOF mice were normalized to control levels in KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice. Strikingly, KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated preserved β-cell mass and identity compared with the marked decrease in β-cell identity and increased dedifferentiation observed in KATP-GOF mice. Moreover KATP-GOF/GCK+/- mice demonstrated restoration of body weight and liver and brown/white adipose tissue mass and function and normalization of physical activity and metabolic efficiency compared with KATP-GOF mice. These results demonstrate that decreasing β-cell glucose signaling can prevent glucotoxicity-induced loss of insulin content and β-cell failure independently of compensatory insulin hypersecretion and β-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Manuela Fortunato
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zeenat A. Shyr
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy L. Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matt Fuess
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Corresponding author: Maria S. Remedi,
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19
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Baumel-Alterzon S, Katz LS, Brill G, Jean-Pierre C, Li Y, Tse I, Biswal S, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. Nrf2 Regulates β-Cell Mass by Suppressing β-Cell Death and Promoting β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2022; 71:989-1011. [PMID: 35192689 PMCID: PMC9044139 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Finding therapies that can protect and expand functional β-cell mass is a major goal of diabetes research. Here, we generated β-cell-specific conditional knockout and gain-of-function mouse models and used human islet transplant experiments to examine how manipulating Nrf2 levels affects β-cell survival, proliferation, and mass. Depletion of Nrf2 in β-cells results in decreased glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation ex vivo and decreased adaptive β-cell proliferation and β-cell mass expansion after a high-fat diet in vivo. Nrf2 protects β-cells from apoptosis after a high-fat diet. Nrf2 loss of function decreases Pdx1 abundance and insulin content. Activating Nrf2 in a β-cell-specific manner increases β-cell proliferation and mass and improves glucose tolerance. Human islets transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice and treated systemically with bardoxolone methyl, an Nrf2 activator, display increased β-cell proliferation. Thus, by managing reactive oxygen species levels, Nrf2 regulates β-cell mass and is an exciting therapeutic target for expanding and protecting β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Liora S. Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Clairete Jean-Pierre
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Tse
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Corresponding author: Donald K. Scott,
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20
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Kawata S, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Yang K, Shigesawa I, Yamauchi Y, Tsuchida K, Omori K, Takahashi K, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Glucokinase activation leads to an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in db/db mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:391-401. [PMID: 34704329 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how subchronic administration of a glucokinase activator (GKA) results in attenuation of the hypoglycaemic effect in the diabetic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old db/db mice were fed standard chow containing a GKA or the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin for 1, 6, 14 or 28 days. We performed histological evaluation and gene expression analysis of the pancreatic islets and liver after each treatment and compared the results to those in untreated mice. RESULTS The unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of GKAs was reproduced in db/db mice in conjunction with significant hepatic fat accumulation. The initial reactions to treatment with the GKA in the liver were upregulation of the gene expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein beta (Chrebp-b) and downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) on day 1. Subsequently, the initial changes in Chrebp-b and Pepck disappeared and increases in the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, were observed. There were no significant changes in the pancreatic β cells nor in hepatic insulin signalling. CONCLUSIONS The GKA showed an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in db/db mice. Dynamic changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis could affect the unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of the GKA despite no changes in pancreatic β-cell function and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kelaier Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Shigesawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsuchida
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Centre, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Hirano M, So Y, Tsunekawa S, Kabata M, Ohta S, Sagara H, Sankoda N, Taguchi J, Yamada Y, Ukai T, Kato M, Nakamura J, Ozawa M, Yamamoto T, Yamada Y. MYCL-mediated reprogramming expands pancreatic insulin-producing cells. Nat Metab 2022; 4:254-268. [PMID: 35145326 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β cells have a limited capacity for regeneration, which predisposes towards diabetes. Here, we show that, of the MYC family members, Mycl plays a key role in proliferation of pancreatic endocrine cells. Genetic ablation of Mycl causes a reduction in the proliferation of pancreatic endocrine cells in neonatal mice. By contrast, the expression of Mycl in adult mice stimulates the proliferation of β and α cells, and the cells persist after withdrawal of Mycl expression. A subset of the expanded α cells give rise to insulin-producing cells after this withdrawal. Transient Mycl expression in vivo is sufficient to normalize the hyperglycaemia of diabetic mice. In vitro expression of Mycl similarly provokes active replication in islet cells, even in those from aged mice. Finally, we show that MYCL stimulates the division of human adult cadaveric islet cells. Our results demonstrate that the induction of Mycl alone expands the functional β-cell population, which may provide a regenerative strategy for β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitada Hirano
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusei So
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Ohta
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sagara
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Sankoda
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Taguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Ukai
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Melton DA. Cell maturation: Hallmarks, triggers, and manipulation. Cell 2022; 185:235-249. [PMID: 34995481 PMCID: PMC8792364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How cells become specialized, or "mature," is important for cell and developmental biology. While maturity is usually deemed a terminal fate, it may be more helpful to consider maturation not as a switch but as a dynamic continuum of adaptive phenotypic states set by genetic and environment programing. The hallmarks of maturity comprise changes in anatomy (form, gene circuitry, and interconnectivity) and physiology (function, rhythms, and proliferation) that confer adaptive behavior. We discuss efforts to harness their chemical (nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors) and physical (mechanical, spatial, and electrical) triggers in vitro and in vivo and how maturation strategies may support disease research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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23
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Newsholme P, Rowlands J, Rose’Meyer R, Cruzat V. Metabolic Adaptions/Reprogramming in Islet Beta-Cells in Response to Physiological Stimulators—What Are the Consequences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010108. [PMID: 35052612 PMCID: PMC8773416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible pancreatic β-cell damage may be a result of chronic exposure to supraphysiological glucose or lipid concentrations or chronic exposure to therapeutic anti-diabetic drugs. The β-cells are able to respond to blood glucose in a narrow concentration range and release insulin in response, following activation of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The β-cell cannot protect itself from glucose toxicity by blocking glucose uptake, but indeed relies on alternative metabolic protection mechanisms to avoid dysfunction and death. Alteration of normal metabolic pathway function occurs as a counter regulatory response to high nutrient, inflammatory factor, hormone or therapeutic drug concentrations. Metabolic reprogramming is a term widely used to describe a change in regulation of various metabolic enzymes and transporters, usually associated with cell growth and proliferation and may involve reshaping epigenetic responses, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. Other metabolic modifications such as Malonylation, Succinylation, Hydroxybutyrylation, ADP-ribosylation, and Lactylation, may impact regulatory processes, many of which need to be investigated in detail to contribute to current advances in metabolism. By describing multiple mechanisms of metabolic adaption that are available to the β-cell across its lifespan, we hope to identify sites for metabolic reprogramming mechanisms, most of which are incompletely described or understood. Many of these mechanisms are related to prominent antioxidant responses. Here, we have attempted to describe the key β-cell metabolic adaptions and changes which are required for survival and function in various physiological, pathological and pharmacological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School and CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Jordan Rowlands
- Curtin Medical School and CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Roselyn Rose’Meyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
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24
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Zhang K, Bao R, Huang F, Yang K, Ding Y, Lauterboeck L, Yoshida M, Long Q, Yang Q. ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 regulates islet β-cell function via repression of mitochondrial homeostasis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:69-79. [PMID: 34608240 PMCID: PMC9198815 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for the function of pancreatic β-cells. ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial protein interacting with ATP synthase to inhibit its enzyme activity. IF1 may also play a role in maintaining ATP synthase oligomerization and mitochondrial inner membrane formation. A recent study confirmed IF1 expresses in β-cells. IF1 knockdown in cultured INS-1E β-cells enhances glucose-induced insulin release. However, the role of IF1 in islet β-cells remains little known. The present study investigates islets freshly isolated from mouse lines with global IF1 knockout (IF1-/-) and overexpression (OE). The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in islets from IF1-/- mice but decreased in islets from IF1 OE mice. Transmitted Electronic Microscopic assessment of isolated islets revealed that the number of matured insulin granules (with dense core) was relatively higher in IF1-/-, but fewer in IF1 OE islets than those of controlled islets. The mitochondrial ultrastructure within β-cells of IF1 overexpressed islets was comparable with those of wild-type mice, whereas those in IF1-/- β-cells showed increased mitochondrial mass. Mitochondrial network analysis in cultured INS-1 β-cells showed a similar pattern with an increased mitochondrial network in IF1 knockdown cells. IF1 overexpressed INS-1 β-cells showed a compromised rate of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with attenuated cellular ATP content. In contrast, INS-1 cells with IF1 knockdown showed markedly increased cellular respiration with improved ATP production. These results support that IF1 is a negative regulator of insulin production and secretion via inhibiting mitochondrial mass and respiration in β-cells. Therefore, inhibiting IF1 to improve β-cell function in patients can be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Bao
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yishu Ding
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lothar Lauterboeck
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Masasuke Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Aggarwal R, Peng Z, Zeng N, Silva J, He L, Chen J, Debebe A, Tu T, Alba M, Chen CY, Stiles EX, Hong H, Stiles BL. Chronic Exposure to Palmitic Acid Down-Regulates AKT in Beta-Cells through Activation of mTOR. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:130-145. [PMID: 34619135 PMCID: PMC8759041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High circulating lipids occurring in obese individuals and insulin-resistant patients are considered a contributing factor to type 2 diabetes. Exposure to high lipid concentration is proposed to both protect and damage beta-cells under different circumstances. Here, by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks to up to 14 months, the study showed that HFD initially causes the beta-cells to expand in population, whereas long-term exposure to HFD is associated with failure of beta-cells and the inability of animals to respond to glucose challenge. To prevent the failure of beta-cells and the development of type 2 diabetes, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this biphasic response of beta-cells to lipid exposure were explored. Using palmitic acid (PA) in cultured beta-cells and islets, the study demonstrated that chronic exposure to lipids leads to reduced viability and inhibition of cell cycle progression concurrent with down-regulation of a pro-growth/survival kinase AKT, independent of glucose. This AKT down-regulation by PA is correlated with the induction of mTOR/S6K activity. Inhibiting mTOR activity with rapamycin induced Raptor and restored AKT activity, allowing beta-cells to gain proliferation capacity that was lost after HFD exposure. In summary, a novel mechanism in which lipid exposure may cause the dipole effects on beta-cell growth was elucidated, where mTOR acts as a lipid sensor. These mechanisms can be novel targets for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhechu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joshua Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lina He
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taojian Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mario Alba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eileen X. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Handan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Address correspondence to Bangyan L. Stiles, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
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26
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Sałówka A, Martinez-Sanchez A. Molecular Mechanisms of Nutrient-Mediated Regulation of MicroRNAs in Pancreatic β-cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:704824. [PMID: 34803905 PMCID: PMC8600252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells within the islets of Langerhans respond to rising blood glucose levels by secreting insulin that stimulates glucose uptake by peripheral tissues to maintain whole body energy homeostasis. To different extents, failure of β-cell function and/or β-cell loss contribute to the development of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Chronically elevated glycaemia and high circulating free fatty acids, as often seen in obese diabetics, accelerate β-cell failure and the development of the disease. MiRNAs are essential for endocrine development and for mature pancreatic β-cell function and are dysregulated in diabetes. In this review, we summarize the different molecular mechanisms that control miRNA expression and function, including transcription, stability, posttranscriptional modifications, and interaction with RNA binding proteins and other non-coding RNAs. We also discuss which of these mechanisms are responsible for the nutrient-mediated regulation of the activity of β-cell miRNAs and identify some of the more important knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Weir GC, Butler PC, Bonner-Weir S. The β-cell glucose toxicity hypothesis: Attractive but difficult to prove. Metabolism 2021; 124:154870. [PMID: 34480921 PMCID: PMC8530963 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β cells in the hyperglycemic environment of diabetes have marked changes in phenotype and function that are largely reversible if glucose levels can be returned to normal. A leading hypothesis is that these changes are caused by the elevated glucose levels leading to the concept of glucose toxicity. Support for the glucose toxicity hypothesis is largely circumstantial, but little progress has been made in defining the responsible mechanisms. Then questions emerge that are difficult to answer. In the very earliest stages of diabetes development, there is a dramatic loss of glucose-induced first-phase insulin release (FPIR) with only trivial elevations of blood glucose levels. A related question is how impaired insulin action on target tissues such as liver, muscle and fat can cause increased insulin secretion. The existence of a sophisticated feedback mechanism between insulin secretion and insulin action on peripheral tissues driven by glucose has been postulated, but it has been difficult to measure increases in blood glucose levels that might have been expected. These complexities force us to challenge the simplicity of the glucose toxicity hypothesis and feedback mechanisms. It may turn out that glucose is somehow driving all of these changes, but we must develop new questions and experimental approaches to test the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter C Butler
- Larry l. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Mkhize BC, Mosili P, Ngubane PS, Sibiya NH, Khathi A. Diet-induced prediabetes: Effects on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in selected organs. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:768-780. [PMID: 34619025 PMCID: PMC9077724 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangements often observed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with disturbances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity. A positive correlation between local RAAS activity and the complications observed in T2D has been noted. However, the detrimental ramifications due to moderate hyperglycemia noted in prediabetes and the affected organ system and mechanistic pathways are not elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effects of diet-induced prediabetes on RAAS in various organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups: non-pre-diabetic (NPD) through exposure to standard rat chow and diet-induced prediabetic (PD) group by exposure to a high-fat high carbohydrate diet for 32 weeks. RAAS activity in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas and heart was determined through the analysis of RAAS components such as; renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) via PCR as well as the quantification of angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase, SOD and GPx1 concentrations were determined in the skeletal muscle, pancreas and heart in addition to the hepatic triglycerides. RESULTS The RAAS components were elevated in the PD group when compared to the NPD. This was further accompanied by increased NADPH oxidase and reduced SOD and GPx1 concentrations in the selected organs, in addition to the elevated hepatic triglycerides concentration in the PD by comparison to NPD. CONCLUSION Due to these observed changes, we suggest that local RAAS activity in the prediabetic state in selected organs elicits the derangements noted in T2D.
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29
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Nakamura A, Omori K, Terauchi Y. Glucokinase activation or inactivation: Which will lead to the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2199-2206. [PMID: 34105236 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase, which phosphorylates glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate, plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels. On the basis of data of glucokinase-knockout and transgenic mice and humans with glucokinase mutations, glucokinase was targeted for drug development aiming to augment its activity, and thereby reduce hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes. In fact, various small molecule compounds have been developed and clinically tested as glucokinase activators. However, some have been discontinued because of efficacy and safety issues. One of these issues is loss of the drug's efficacy over time. This unsustained glycaemic efficacy may be associated with the excess glycolysis by glucokinase activation in pancreatic beta cells, resulting in beta-cell failure. Recently, we have shown that glucokinase haploinsufficiency ameliorated glucose intolerance by increasing beta-cell function and mass in a mouse model of diabetes. Given that a similar phenotype has been observed in glucokinase-activated beta cells and diabetic beta cells, glucokinase inactivation may be a new therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Adipose Tissue Macrophages Modulate Obesity-Associated β Cell Adaptations through Secreted miRNA-Containing Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092451. [PMID: 34572101 PMCID: PMC8472266 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces an adaptive expansion of β cell mass and insulin secretion abnormality. Expansion of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is a hallmark of obesity. Here, we assessed a novel role of ATMs in mediating obesity-induced β cell adaptation through the release of miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we show that ATM EVs derived from obese mice notably suppress insulin secretion and enhance β cell proliferation. We also observed similar phenotypes from human islets after obese ATM EV treatment. Importantly, depletion of miRNAs blunts the effects of obese ATM EVs, as evidenced by minimal effects of obese DicerKO ATM EVs on β cell responses. miR-155 is a highly enriched miRNA within obese ATM EVs and miR-155 overexpressed in β cells impairs insulin secretion and enhances β cell proliferation. In contrast, knockout of miR-155 attenuates the regulation of obese ATM EVs on β cell responses. We further demonstrate that the miR-155-Mafb axis plays a critical role in controlling β cell responses. These studies show a novel mechanism by which ATM-derived EVs act as endocrine vehicles delivering miRNAs and subsequently mediating obesity-associated β cell adaptation and dysfunction.
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31
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Tsuchida K, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Yang K, Yamauchi Y, Kawata S, Omori K, Takahashi K, Kitao N, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Seino Y, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Glucokinase is required for high-starch diet-induced β-cell mass expansion in mice. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1545-1554. [PMID: 33638884 PMCID: PMC8409809 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether glucokinase is required for β-cell mass expansion induced by high-starch diet (HSTD)-feeding, as has been shown in its high-fat diet-induced expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male wild-type (Gck+/+ ) or glucokinase haploinsufficient (Gck+/- ) mice were fed either a normal chow (NC) or an HSTD for 15 weeks. The bodyweight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell mass were assessed. RESULTS Both HSTD-fed Gck+/+ and Gck+/- mice had significantly higher bodyweight than NC-fed mice. Insulin and oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that HSTD feeding did not affect insulin sensitivity nor glucose tolerance in either the Gck+/+ or Gck+/- mice. However, during the oral glucose tolerance test, the 15-min plasma insulin concentration after glucose loading was significantly higher in the HSTD group than that in the NC group for Gck+/+ , but not for Gck+/- mice. β-Cell mass was significantly larger in HSTD-fed Gck+/+ mice than that in NC-fed Gck+/+ mice. In contrast, the β-cell mass of the HSTD-fed Gck+/- mice was not different from that of the NC-fed Gck+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that HSTD feeding would increase pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion in Gck+/+ , but not Gck+/- mice. This observation implies that glucokinase in β-cells would be required for the increase in β-cell mass induced by HSTD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Tsuchida
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and ObesityFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kelaier Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Shinichiro Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Naoyuki Kitao
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation CenterHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of MedicineFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of MedicineYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and NephrologyFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Karin O, Raz M, Tendler A, Bar A, Korem Kohanim Y, Milo T, Alon U. A new model for the HPA axis explains dysregulation of stress hormones on the timescale of weeks. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 16:e9510. [PMID: 32672906 PMCID: PMC7364861 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates a complex network of hormones known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is dysregulated in chronic stress and psychiatric disorders, but the origin of this dysregulation is unclear and cannot be explained by current HPA models. To address this, we developed a mathematical model for the HPA axis that incorporates changes in the total functional mass of the HPA hormone-secreting glands. The mass changes are caused by HPA hormones which act as growth factors for the glands in the axis. We find that the HPA axis shows the property of dynamical compensation, where gland masses adjust over weeks to buffer variation in physiological parameters. These mass changes explain the experimental findings on dysregulation of cortisol and ACTH dynamics in alcoholism, anorexia, and postpartum. Dysregulation occurs for a wide range of parameters and is exacerbated by impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) feedback, providing an explanation for the implication of GR in mood disorders. These findings suggest that gland-mass dynamics may play an important role in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Karin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moriya Raz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avichai Tendler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Bar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Korem Kohanim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Milo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Weir GC, Bonner-Weir S. Reduced glucose-induced first-phase insulin release is a danger signal that predicts diabetes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:150022. [PMID: 34128470 PMCID: PMC8203449 DOI: 10.1172/jci150022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During progression to both types 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), there is a striking loss of glucose-induced first-phase insulin release (FPIR), which is known to predict the onset of T1D. The contribution of reduced β cell mass to the onset of hyperglycemia remains unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Mezza et al. report on their study of patients with pancreatic neoplasms before and after partial pancreatectomy to evaluate the impact of reduced β cell mass on the development of diabetes. The authors found that reduced FPIR predicted diabetes when 50% of the pancreas was removed. These findings suggest that low or absent FPIR indicates that β cell mass can no longer compensate for increased insulin needs. Notably, clinicians may use reduction of FPIR as a warning that progression to T2D is underway.
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Maachi H, Ghislain J, Tremblay C, Poitout V. Pronounced proliferation of non-beta cells in response to beta-cell mitogens in isolated human islets of Langerhans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11283. [PMID: 34050242 PMCID: PMC8163757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to treat diabetes by increasing beta-cell mass is driving a major effort to identify beta-cell mitogens. Demonstration of mitogen activity in human beta cells is frequently performed in ex vivo assays. However, reported disparities in the efficacy of beta-cell mitogens led us to investigate the sources of this variability. We studied 35 male (23) and female (12) human islet batches covering a range of donor ages and BMI. Islets were kept intact or dispersed into single cells and cultured in the presence of harmine, glucose, or heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Proliferating cells were identified by double labeling with EdU and Ki67 and glucagon, c-peptide or Nkx6.1, and cytokeratin-19 to respectively label alpha, beta, and ductal cells. Harmine and HB-EGF stimulated human beta-cell proliferation, but the effect of glucose was dependent on the assay and the donor. Harmine potently stimulated alpha-cell proliferation and both harmine and HB-EGF increased proliferation of insulin- and glucagon-negative cells, including cytokeratin 19-positive cells. Given the abundance of non-beta cells in human islet preparations, our results suggest that assessment of beta-cell mitogens requires complementary approaches and rigorous identification of cell identity using multiple markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Maachi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tornovsky-Babeay S, Weinberg-Corem N, Ben-Haroush Schyr R, Avrahami D, Lavi J, Feleke E, Kaestner KH, Dor Y, Glaser B. Biphasic dynamics of beta cell mass in a mouse model of congenital hyperinsulinism: implications for type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1133-1143. [PMID: 33558985 PMCID: PMC8117185 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Acute hyperglycaemia stimulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation in the mouse whereas chronic hyperglycaemia appears to be toxic. We hypothesise that this toxic effect is mediated by increased beta cell workload, unrelated to hyperglycaemia per se. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel mouse model of cell-autonomous increased beta cell glycolytic flux caused by a conditional heterozygous beta cell-specific mutation that activates glucokinase (GCK), mimicking key aspects of the rare human genetic disease GCK-congenital hyperinsulinism. RESULTS In the mutant mice, we observed random and fasting hypoglycaemia (random 4.5-5.4 mmol/l and fasting 3.6 mmol/l) that persisted for 15 months. GCK activation led to increased beta cell proliferation as measured by Ki67 expression (2.7% vs 1.5%, mutant and wild-type (WT), respectively, p < 0.01) that resulted in a 62% increase in beta cell mass in young mice. However, by 8 months of age, mutant mice developed impaired glucose tolerance, which was associated with decreased absolute beta cell mass from 2.9 mg at 1.5 months to 1.8 mg at 8 months of age, with preservation of individual beta cell function. Impaired glucose tolerance was further exacerbated by a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (AUC 1796 vs 966 mmol/l × min, mutant and WT, respectively, p < 0.05). Activation of GCK was associated with an increased DNA damage response and an elevated expression of Chop, suggesting metabolic stress as a contributor to beta cell death. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We propose that increased workload-driven biphasic beta cell dynamics contribute to decreased beta cell function observed in long-standing congenital hyperinsulinism and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Weinberg-Corem
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Ben-Haroush Schyr
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Judith Lavi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eseye Feleke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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36
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Ranjbaran H, Mohammadi Jobani B, Amirfakhrian E, Alizadeh‐Navaei R. Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:803-810. [PMID: 32926576 PMCID: PMC8089007 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION In recent years, mesenchymal cellular therapies have received much attention in the treatment of diabetes. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Central databases. A total of 1,721 articles were identified, from which nine full-text clinical trials were qualified to enter the current meta-analysis. The assessment groups included patients with type 2 diabetes, and levels of C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin dose were analyzed before and after mesenchymal stem cell infusion. Data analysis was carried out in Stata version 11, and the Jadad Score Scale was applied for quality assessment. RESULTS Changes in levels of C-peptide after mesenchymal stem cell therapy were: standardized mean difference 0.20, 95% confidence interval -0.61 to 1.00, glycosylated hemoglobin levels were: standardized mean difference -1.45, 95% confidence interval -2.10 to -0.79 and insulin dose were: standardized mean difference -1.40, 95% confidence interval -2.88 to 0.09. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of prospective studies showed associations between mesenchymal stem cell therapy and control of glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ranjbaran
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Bahareh Mohammadi Jobani
- Pediatric Urology Research CenterDepartment of Pediatric Urology, Children’s Hospital Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Elham Amirfakhrian
- Hemoglobinopathy InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariMazandaranIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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Guzmán TJ, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Glucokinase activation as antidiabetic therapy: effect of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals on glucokinase gene expression and enzymatic activity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:182-193. [PMID: 31210550 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents an important public health problem. Recently, new molecular targets have been identified and exploited to treat this disease. Due to its pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, glucokinase (GCK) is a promising target for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs; however, pharmacological agents that modulate GCK activity have been linked to undesirable side-effects, limiting its use. Interestingly, plants might be a valuable source of new therapeutic compounds with GCK-activating properties and presumably no adverse effects. In this review, we describe biochemical characteristics related to the physiological and pathological importance of GCK, as well as the mechanisms involved in its regulation at different molecular levels. Posteriorly, we present a compendium of findings supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals in the management of diabetes through modulation of GCK expression and activity. Finally, we propose critical aspects to keep in mind when designing experiments to evaluate GCK modulation properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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38
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Omori K, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Yamauchi Y, Kawata S, Takahashi K, Kitao N, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Glucokinase Inactivation Paradoxically Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance by Increasing β-Cell Mass in db/db Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:917-931. [PMID: 33608422 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of glucokinase activation on glycemic control is limited to a short-term period. One reason might be related to excess glucose signaling by glucokinase activation toward β-cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucokinase haploinsufficiency on glucose tolerance as well as β-cell function and mass using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that in db/db mice with glucokinase haploinsufficiency, glucose tolerance was ameliorated by augmented insulin secretion associated with the increase in β-cell mass when compared with db/db mice. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical and metabolomic analyses revealed that glucokinase haploinsufficiency in the islets of db/db mice was associated with lower expression of stress-related genes, greater expression of transcription factors involved in the maintenance and maturation of β-cell function, less mitochondrial damage, and a superior metabolic pattern. These effects of glucokinase haploinsufficiency could preserve β-cell mass under diabetic conditions. These findings verified our hypothesis that optimizing excess glucose signaling in β-cells by inhibiting glucokinase could prevent β-cell insufficiency, leading to improving glucose tolerance in diabetes status by preserving β-cell mass. Therefore, glucokinase inactivation in β-cells, paradoxically, could be a potential strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitao
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Montaser H, Patel KA, Balboa D, Ibrahim H, Lithovius V, Näätänen A, Chandra V, Demir K, Acar S, Ben-Omran T, Colclough K, Locke JM, Wakeling M, Lindahl M, Hattersley AT, Saarimäki-Vire J, Otonkoski T. Loss of MANF Causes Childhood-Onset Syndromic Diabetes Due to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Diabetes 2021; 70:1006-1018. [PMID: 33500254 PMCID: PMC7610619 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that plays a crucial role in attenuating ER stress responses. Although MANF is indispensable for the survival and function of mouse β-cells, its precise role in human β-cell development and function is unknown. In this study, we show that lack of MANF in humans results in diabetes due to increased ER stress, leading to impaired β-cell function. We identified two patients from different families with childhood diabetes and a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the MANF gene. To study the role of MANF in human β-cell development and function, we knocked out the MANF gene in human embryonic stem cells and differentiated them into pancreatic endocrine cells. Loss of MANF induced mild ER stress and impaired insulin-processing capacity of β-cells in vitro. Upon implantation to immunocompromised mice, the MANF knockout grafts presented elevated ER stress and functional failure, particularly in recipients with diabetes. By describing a new form of monogenic neurodevelopmental diabetes syndrome caused by disturbed ER function, we highlight the importance of adequate ER stress regulation for proper human β-cell function and demonstrate the crucial role of MANF in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Montaser
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
| | - Diego Balboa
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Näätänen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | - Jonathan M Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lithovius V, Saarimäki-Vire J, Balboa D, Ibrahim H, Montaser H, Barsby T, Otonkoski T. SUR1-mutant iPS cell-derived islets recapitulate the pathophysiology of congenital hyperinsulinism. Diabetologia 2021; 64:630-640. [PMID: 33404684 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Congenital hyperinsulinism caused by mutations in the KATP-channel-encoding genes (KATPHI) is a potentially life-threatening disorder of the pancreatic beta cells. No optimal medical treatment is available for patients with diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse KATPHI. Therefore, we aimed to create a model of KATPHI using patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islets. METHODS We derived iPSCs from a patient carrying a homozygous ABCC8V187D mutation, which inactivates the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunit of the KATP-channel. CRISPR-Cas9 mutation-corrected iPSCs were used as controls. Both were differentiated to stem cell-derived islet-like clusters (SC-islets) and implanted into NOD-SCID gamma mice. RESULTS SUR1-mutant and -corrected iPSC lines both differentiated towards the endocrine lineage, but SUR1-mutant stem cells generated 32% more beta-like cells (SC-beta cells) (64.6% vs 49.0%, p = 0.02) and 26% fewer alpha-like cells (16.1% vs 21.8% p = 0.01). SUR1-mutant SC-beta cells were 61% more proliferative (1.23% vs 0.76%, p = 0.006), and this phenotype could be induced in SUR1-corrected cells with pharmacological KATP-channel inactivation. The SUR1-mutant SC-islets secreted 3.2-fold more insulin in low glucose conditions (0.0174% vs 0.0054%/min, p = 0.0021) and did not respond to KATP-channel-acting drugs in vitro. Mice carrying grafts of SUR1-mutant SC-islets presented with 38% lower fasting blood glucose (4.8 vs 7.7 mmol/l, p = 0.009) and their grafts failed to efficiently shut down insulin secretion during induced hypoglycaemia. Explanted SUR1-mutant grafts displayed an increase in SC-beta cell proportion and SC-beta cell nucleomegaly, which was independent of proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have created a model recapitulating the known pathophysiology of KATPHI both in vitro and in vivo. We have also identified a novel role for KATP-channel activity during human islet development. This model will enable further studies for the improved understanding and clinical management of KATPHI without the need for primary patient tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hossam Montaser
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Barsby
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tanday N, English A, Lafferty RA, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Benefits of Sustained Upregulated Unimolecular GLP-1 and CCK Receptor Signalling in Obesity-Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:674704. [PMID: 34054734 PMCID: PMC8160446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.674704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined activation of GLP-1 and CCK1 receptors has potential to synergistically augment the appetite-suppressive and glucose homeostatic actions of the individual parent peptides. In the current study, pancreatic beta-cell benefits of combined GLP-1 and CCK1 receptor upregulation were established, before characterising bioactivity and antidiabetic efficacy of an acylated dual-acting GLP-1/CCK hybrid peptide, namely [Lys12Pal]Ex-4/CCK. Both exendin-4 and CCK exhibited (p<0.001) proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in BRIN BD11 beta-cells. Proliferative benefits were significantly (p<0.01) augmented by combined peptide treatment when compared to either parent peptide alone. These effects were linked to increases (p<0.001) in GLUT2 and glucokinase beta-cell gene expression, with decreased (p<0.05-p<0.001) expression of NFκB and BAX. [Lys12Pal]Ex-4/CCK exhibited prominent insulinotropic actions in vitro, coupled with beneficial (p<0.001) satiety and glucose homeostatic effects in the mice, with bioactivity evident 24 h after administration. Following twice daily injection of [Lys12Pal]Ex-4/CCK for 28 days in diabetic high fat fed (HFF) mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced compromised beta-cells, there were clear reductions (p<0.05-p<0.001) in energy intake and body weight. Circulating glucose was returned to lean control concentrations, with associated increases (p<0.001) in plasma and pancreatic insulin levels. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretory responsiveness were significantly (p<0.05-p<0.001) improved by hybrid peptide therapy. In keeping with this, evaluation of pancreatic histology revealed restoration of normal islet alpha- to beta-cell ratios and reduction (p<0.01) in centralised islet glucagon staining. Improvements in pancreatic islet morphology were associated with increased (p<0.05) proliferation and reduced (p<0.001) apoptosis of beta-cells. Together, these data highlight the effectiveness of sustained dual GLP-1 and CCK1 receptor activation by [Lys12Pal]Ex-4/CCK for the treatment of obesity-related diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Body Weight
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Exenatide/pharmacology
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cholecystokinin/genetics
- Receptors, Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Spears E, Serafimidis I, Powers AC, Gavalas A. Debates in Pancreatic Beta Cell Biology: Proliferation Versus Progenitor Differentiation and Transdifferentiation in Restoring β Cell Mass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722250. [PMID: 34421829 PMCID: PMC8378310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In all forms of diabetes, β cell mass or function is reduced and therefore the capacity of the pancreatic cells for regeneration or replenishment is a critical need. Diverse lines of research have shown the capacity of endocrine as well as acinar, ductal and centroacinar cells to generate new β cells. Several experimental approaches using injury models, pharmacological or genetic interventions, isolation and in vitro expansion of putative progenitors followed by transplantations or a combination thereof have suggested several pathways for β cell neogenesis or regeneration. The experimental results have also generated controversy related to the limitations and interpretation of the experimental approaches and ultimately their physiological relevance, particularly when considering differences between mouse, the primary animal model, and human. As a result, consensus is lacking regarding the relative importance of islet cell proliferation or progenitor differentiation and transdifferentiation of other pancreatic cell types in generating new β cells. In this review we summarize and evaluate recent experimental approaches and findings related to islet regeneration and address their relevance and potential clinical application in the fight against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ioannis Serafimidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
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43
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Rosselot C, Baumel-Alterzon S, Li Y, Brill G, Lambertini L, Katz LS, Lu G, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. The many lives of Myc in the pancreatic β-cell. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100122. [PMID: 33239359 PMCID: PMC7949031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient numbers of functional pancreatic β-cells. Thus, increasing the number of available functional β-cells ex vivo for transplantation, or regenerating them in situ in diabetic patients, is a major focus of diabetes research. The transcription factor, Myc, discovered decades ago lies at the nexus of most, if not all, known proliferative pathways. Based on this, many studies in the 1990s and early 2000s explored the potential of harnessing Myc expression to expand β-cells for diabetes treatment. Nearly all these studies in β-cells used pathophysiological or supraphysiological levels of Myc and reported enhanced β-cell death, dedifferentiation, or the formation of insulinomas if cooverexpressed with Bcl-xL, an inhibitor of apoptosis. This obviously reduced the enthusiasm for Myc as a therapeutic target for β-cell regeneration. However, recent studies indicate that "gentle" induction of Myc expression enhances β-cell replication without induction of cell death or loss of insulin secretion, suggesting that appropriate levels of Myc could have therapeutic potential for β-cell regeneration. Furthermore, although it has been known for decades that Myc is induced by glucose in β-cells, very little is known about how this essential anabolic transcription factor perceives and responds to nutrients and increased insulin demand in vivo. Here we summarize the previous and recent knowledge of Myc in the β-cell, its potential for β-cell regeneration, and its physiological importance for neonatal and adaptive β-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liora S Katz
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geming Lu
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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44
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Petrenko V, Stolovich-Rain M, Vandereycken B, Giovannoni L, Storch KF, Dor Y, Chera S, Dibner C. The core clock transcription factor BMAL1 drives circadian β-cell proliferation during compensatory regeneration of the endocrine pancreas. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1650-1665. [PMID: 33184223 PMCID: PMC7706703 DOI: 10.1101/gad.343137.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks in pancreatic islets participate in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here we examined the role of these timekeepers in β-cell regeneration after the massive ablation of β cells by doxycycline-induced expression of diphtheria toxin A (DTA) in Insulin-rtTA/TET-DTA mice. Since we crossed reporter genes expressing α- and β-cell-specific fluorescent proteins into these mice, we could follow the fate of α- and β cells separately. As expected, DTA induction resulted in an acute hyperglycemia, which was accompanied by dramatic changes in gene expression in residual β cells. In contrast, only temporal alterations of gene expression were observed in α cells. Interestingly, β cells entered S phase preferentially during the nocturnal activity phase, indicating that the diurnal rhythm also plays a role in the orchestration of β-cell regeneration. Indeed, in arrhythmic Bmal1-deficient mice, which lack circadian clocks, no compensatory β-cell proliferation was observed, and the β-cell ablation led to aggravated hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, and fatal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Bart Vandereycken
- Section of Mathematics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurianne Giovannoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Arneth B. Insulin gene mutations and posttranslational and translocation defects: associations with diabetes. Endocrine 2020; 70:488-497. [PMID: 32656694 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes is complex and poorly understood. Recent investigations have revealed that insulin gene mutations can lead to the development of specific subtypes of diabetes. This systematic review aimed to explore the associations of insulin gene mutations and insulin translocation defects with diabetes. This review was generated using articles from PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Search terms and phrases such as "diabetes," "mutations," "insulin," "preproinsulin," "INS gene," "role," "VNTR polymorphisms," and "INS promotor" were used to identify articles relevant to the research topic. The gathered data showed the significant role of insulin gene mutations and insulin translocation defects during diabetes development and progression. Genetic changes can adversely affect the development of various types of diabetes, such as neonatal diabetes mellitus and MIDY. Genetic alterations can affect insulin production, thus compromising the regulation of glucose utilization by tissues. Targeting insulin gene mutations is a potential new avenue for diagnosing and managing diabetes. There are specific subcategories of diabetes, such as MIDY and neonatal diabetes mellitus, caused by insulin gene mutations and defects in posttranslational modification. Further investigations are needed to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mutation-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr 12, 35332, Giessen, Germany.
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46
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Lewandowski SL, Cardone RL, Foster HR, Ho T, Potapenko E, Poudel C, VanDeusen HR, Sdao SM, Alves TC, Zhao X, Capozzi ME, de Souza AH, Jahan I, Thomas CJ, Nunemaker CS, Davis DB, Campbell JE, Kibbey RG, Merrins MJ. Pyruvate Kinase Controls Signal Strength in the Insulin Secretory Pathway. Cell Metab 2020; 32:736-750.e5. [PMID: 33147484 PMCID: PMC7685238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells couple nutrient metabolism with appropriate insulin secretion. Here, we show that pyruvate kinase (PK), which converts ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into ATP and pyruvate, underlies β cell sensing of both glycolytic and mitochondrial fuels. Plasma membrane-localized PK is sufficient to close KATP channels and initiate calcium influx. Small-molecule PK activators increase the frequency of ATP/ADP and calcium oscillations and potently amplify insulin secretion. PK restricts respiration by cyclically depriving mitochondria of ADP, which accelerates PEP cycling until membrane depolarization restores ADP and oxidative phosphorylation. Our findings support a compartmentalized model of β cell metabolism in which PK locally generates the ATP/ADP required for insulin secretion. Oscillatory PK activity allows mitochondria to perform synthetic and oxidative functions without any net impact on glucose oxidation. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic route for diabetes based on PK activation that would not be predicted by the current consensus single-state model of β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hannah R Foster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Thuong Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Evgeniy Potapenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chetan Poudel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Halena R VanDeusen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sophia M Sdao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Arnaldo H de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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47
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Tokumoto S, Yabe D, Tatsuoka H, Usui R, Fauzi M, Botagarova A, Goto H, Herrera PL, Ogura M, Inagaki N. Generation and Characterization of a Novel Mouse Model That Allows Spatiotemporal Quantification of Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2020; 69:2340-2351. [PMID: 32769118 PMCID: PMC7576556 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell proliferation has been gaining much attention as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In order to evaluate potential β-cell mitogens, accurate and reliable methods for the detection and quantification of the β-cell proliferation rate are indispensable. In this study, we developed a novel tool that specifically labels replicating β-cells as mVenus+ cells by using RIP-Cre; R26Fucci2aR mice expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator Fucci2a in β-cells. In response to β-cell proliferation stimuli, such as insulin receptor antagonist S961 and diet-induced obesity (DIO), the number of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive insulin+ cells per insulin+ cells and the number of mVenus+ cells per mCherry+ mVenus- cells + mCherry- mVenus+ cells were similarly increased in these mice. Three-dimensional imaging of optically cleared pancreas tissue from these mice enabled quantification of replicating β-cells in the islets and morphometric analysis of the islets after known mitogenic interventions such as S961, DIO, pregnancy, and partial pancreatectomy. Thus, this novel mouse line is a powerful tool for spatiotemporal analysis and quantification of β-cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tokumoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisato Tatsuoka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Muhammad Fauzi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ainur Botagarova
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Goto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Masahito Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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48
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Miranda MA, Carson C, St. Pierre CL, Macias‐Velasco JF, Hughes JW, Kunzmann M, Schmidt H, Wayhart JP, Lawson HA. Spontaneous restoration of functional β-cell mass in obese SM/J mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14573. [PMID: 33113267 PMCID: PMC7592878 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of functional β-cell mass is critical to preventing diabetes, but the physiological mechanisms that cause β-cell populations to thrive or fail in the context of obesity are unknown. High fat-fed SM/J mice spontaneously transition from hyperglycemic-obese to normoglycemic-obese with age, providing a unique opportunity to study β-cell adaptation. Here, we characterize insulin homeostasis, islet morphology, and β-cell function during SM/J's diabetic remission. As they resolve hyperglycemia, obese SM/J mice dramatically increase circulating and pancreatic insulin levels while improving insulin sensitivity. Immunostaining of pancreatic sections reveals that obese SM/J mice selectively increase β-cell mass but not α-cell mass. Obese SM/J mice do not show elevated β-cell mitotic index, but rather elevated α-cell mitotic index. Functional assessment of isolated islets reveals that obese SM/J mice increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, decrease basal insulin secretion, and increase islet insulin content. These results establish that β-cell mass expansion and improved β-cell function underlie the resolution of hyperglycemia, indicating that obese SM/J mice are a valuable tool for exploring how functional β-cell mass can be recovered in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Miranda
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Caryn Carson
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Marcus Kunzmann
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Jessica P. Wayhart
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Heather A. Lawson
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
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49
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Guo J, Fu W. Immune regulation of islet homeostasis and adaptation. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:764-774. [PMID: 32236479 PMCID: PMC7816675 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The islet of Langerhans produces endocrine hormones to regulate glucose homeostasis. The normal function of the islet relies on the homeostatic regulations of cellular composition and cell–cell interactions within the islet microenvironment. Immune cells populate the islet during embryonic development and participate in islet organogenesis and function. In obesity, a low-grade inflammation manifests in multiple organs, including pancreatic islets. Obesity-associated islet inflammation is evident in both animal models and humans, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and elevated production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic mediators. Myeloid lineage cells (monocytes and macrophages) are the dominant types of immune cells in islet inflammation during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we will discuss the role of the immune system in islet homeostasis and inflammation and summarize recent findings of the cellular and molecular factors that alter islet microenvironment and β cell function in obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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50
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Fermented Oyster Extract Promotes Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated Osteogenesis and Growth Rate. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090472. [PMID: 32962034 PMCID: PMC7551862 DOI: 10.3390/md18090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented oyster (Crassostrea gigas) extract (FO) prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and activating osteogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FO-mediated bone formation and growth rate are unclear. In the current study, we found that FO significantly upregulated the expression of growth-promoting genes in zebrafish larvae including insulin-like growth factor 1 (zigf-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (zigfbp-3), growth hormone-1 (zgh-1), growth hormone receptor-1 (zghr-1), growth hormone receptor alpha (zghra), glucokinase (zgck), and cholecystokinin (zccka). In addition, zebrafish larvae treated with 100 μg/mL FO increased in total body length (3.89 ± 0.13 mm) at 12 days post fertilization (dpf) compared to untreated larvae (3.69 ± 0.02 mm); this effect was comparable to that of the β-glycerophosphate-treated zebrafish larvae (4.00 ± 0.02 mm). Furthermore, FO time- and dose-dependently increased the extracellular release of IGF-1 from preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, which was accompanied by high expression of IGF-1. Pharmacological inhibition of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) using picropodophyllin (PPP) significantly reduced FO-mediated vertebrae formation (from 9.19 ± 0.31 to 5.53 ± 0.35) and growth performance (from 3.91 ± 0.02 to 3.69 ± 0.01 mm) in zebrafish larvae at 9 dpf. Similarly, PPP significantly decreased FO-induced calcium deposition in MC3T3-E1 cells by inhibiting GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9. Additionally, DOI hydrochloride, a potent stabilizer of GSK-3β, reduced FO-induced nuclear translocation of RUNX2. Transient knockdown of IGF-1Rα/β using specific silencing RNA also resulted in a significant decrease in calcium deposition and reduction in GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Altogether, these results indicate that FO increased phosphorylated GSK-3β at Ser9 by activating the autocrine IGF-1-mediated IGF-1R signaling pathway, thereby promoting osteogenesis and growth performance. Therefore, FO is a potential nutritional supplement for bone formation and growth.
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