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Grooms AJ, Burris BJ, Badu-Tawiah AK. Mass spectrometry for metabolomics analysis: Applications in neonatal and cancer screening. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:683-712. [PMID: 36524560 PMCID: PMC10272294 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis by analytical instrumentation has played a major role in disease diagnosis, which is a necessary step for disease treatment. While the treatment process often targets specific organs or compounds, the diagnostic step can occur through various means, including physical or chemical examination. Chemically, the genome may be evaluated to give information about potential genetic outcomes, the transcriptome to provide information about expression actively occurring, the proteome to offer insight on functions causing metabolite expression, or the metabolome to provide a picture of both past and ongoing physiological function in the body. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been elevated among other analytical instrumentation because it can be used to evaluate all four biological machineries of the body. In addition, MS provides enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, versatility, and speed for rapid turnaround time, qualities that are important for instance in clinical procedures involving the diagnosis of a pediatric patient in intensive care or a cancer patient undergoing surgery. In this review, we provide a summary of the use of MS to evaluate biomarkers for newborn screening and cancer diagnosis. As many reviews have recently appeared focusing on MS methods and instrumentation for metabolite analysis, we sought to describe the biological basis for many metabolomic and additional omics biomarkers used in newborn screening and how tandem MS methods have recently been applied, in comparison to traditional methods. Similar comparison is done for cancer screening, with emphasis on emerging MS approaches that allow biological fluids, tissues, and breath to be analyzed for the presence of diagnostic metabolites yielding insight for treatment options based on the understanding of prior and current physiological functions of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Grooms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
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2
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Grayo S, Sagno H, Diassy O, Zogbelemou JB, Kondabo SJ, Houndekon M, Dellagi K, Vigan-Womas I, Rourou S, Hamouda WB, Benabdessalem C, Ahmed MB, Tordo N. Snapshot of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in COVID-19 Recovered Patients in Guinea. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2965. [PMID: 38792506 PMCID: PMC11122401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Because the regular vaccine campaign started in Guinea one year after the COVID-19 index case, the profile of naturally acquired immunity following primary SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be deepened. Methods: Blood samples were collected once from 200 patients (90% of African extraction) who were recovered from COVID-19 for at least ~2.4 months (72 days), and their sera were tested for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using an in-house ELISA assay against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike1 protein (RBD/S1-IH kit). Results: Results revealed that 73% of sera (146/200) were positive for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 with an Optical Density (OD) ranging from 0.13 to 1.19 and a median value of 0.56 (IC95: 0.51-0.61). The median OD value at 3 months (1.040) suddenly decreased thereafter and remained stable around OD 0.5 until 15 months post-infection. The OD median value was slightly higher in males compared to females (0.62 vs. 0.49), but the difference was not statistically significant (p-value: 0.073). In contrast, the OD median value was significantly higher among the 60-100 age group (0.87) compared to other groups, with a noteworthy odds ratio compared to the 0-20 age group (OR: 9.69, p-value: 0.044*). Results from the RBD/S1-IH ELISA kit demonstrated superior concordance with the whole spike1 protein ELISA commercial kit compared to a nucleoprotein ELISA commercial kit. Furthermore, anti-spike1 protein ELISAs (whole spike1 and RBD/S1) revealed higher seropositivity rates. Conclusions: These findings underscore the necessity for additional insights into naturally acquired immunity against COVID-19 and emphasize the relevance of specific ELISA kits for accurate seropositivity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Grayo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry BP 4416, Guinea; (H.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Houlou Sagno
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry BP 4416, Guinea; (H.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Oumar Diassy
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, Conakry BP 797, Guinea;
| | | | | | - Marilyn Houndekon
- Centre Médico-Social de L’ambassade de France, Conakry BP 295, Guinea; (J.-B.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- Direction Internationale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France;
| | | | - Samia Rourou
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis BP 74-1002, Tunisia; (S.R.); : (C.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Wafa Ben Hamouda
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis BP 74-1002, Tunisia; (S.R.); : (C.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | | | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis BP 74-1002, Tunisia; (S.R.); : (C.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry BP 4416, Guinea; (H.S.); (N.T.)
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Fogaça MBT, Saavedra DP, Lopes-Luz L, Ribeiro BM, da Silva Pinto L, Nagata T, Conceição FR, Stefani MMDA, Buhrer-Sékula S. Development and evaluation of a Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) prototype for the detection of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29938. [PMID: 38707409 PMCID: PMC11066624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for antibody detection represent cost-effective and user-friendly tools for serology assessment. This study evaluated a new LFIA prototype developed with a recombinant chimeric antigen from the spike/S and nucleocapsid/N proteins to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The evaluation of LFIA sensitivity and specificity used 811 serum samples from 349 hospitalized, SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positive COVID-19 patients, collected at different time points and 193 serum samples from healthy controls. The agreement between ELISA results with the S/N chimeric antigen and LFIA results was calculated. The LFIA prototype for SARS-CoV-2 using the chimeric S/N protein demonstrated 85 % sensitivity on the first week post symptoms onset, reaching 94 % in samples collected at the fourth week of disease. The agreement between LFIA and ELISA with the same antigen was 92.7 %, 0.827 kappa Cohen value (95 % CI [0.765-0.889]). Further improvements are needed to standardize the prototype for whole blood use. The inclusion of the novel chimeric S + N antigen in the COVID-19 IgG antibody LFIA demonstrated optimal agreement with results from a comparable ELISA, highlighting the prototype's potential for accurate large-scale serologic assessments in the field in a rapid and user-friendly format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Samira Buhrer-Sékula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Xu J, Chen J, Wen F, Liu K, Chen Y. Detection methods and dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies in patients with COVID-19: A review of the early literature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24580. [PMID: 38317938 PMCID: PMC10839880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Early and accurate diagnosis and quarantine remain the most effective mitigation strategy. Although reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, recent studies suggest that nucleic acids were undetectable in a significant number of cases with clinical features of COVID-19.Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a role in diagnosis of COVID-19, in understanding viral epidemiology and screening convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, to better understand the immune response to the virus, and to assess the degree and duration of the response of specific antibodies. In this article, we retrieved PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WEB OF SCI databases for articles and reviews published before December 1, 2022. Using "IgM, IgG,IgA, neutralizing antibody, specific antibody,COVID-19, dynamic characteristics" as keywords, and comprehensively reviewed on their basis.According to the authors' criteria, only articles deemed relevant were included, covering original articles, case series, experimental studies, reviews, and case reports. Articles on performance evaluation, opinion pieces, and technical issues were excluded. From the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, the median time of seroconversion was 11 days for immunoglobulin A (IgA), the median time of peak antibody titer was 23 (16-30 days) for IgA.Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is detected prior to immunoglobulin G (IgG), peaking 2-5 weeks post symptom onset and detectable for a minimum of 8 weeks in the immunocompetent.Neutralizing antibodies were earliest detectable within 6-7 days following disease onset, with levels increasing until days 14-22 before levelling and then decreasing, but titres were lower in clinically mild disease. Different clinical types of patients showed different antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, with severe COVID-19 patients > non-severe COVID-19 patients > asymptomatic infected persons, but no difference in the early stage of the disease. Usually, IgM and IgA antibodies are detectable earlier than IgG antibodies.IgA antibodys plays an important role in local mucosal immunity.Detection of IgM antibodies tends to indicate recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2, whereas the detection of COVID-19 IgG antibodies indicates virus exposure some time ago. The detection of potent neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma is important in the context of development of therapeutics and vaccines.With the emergence of immune escape variants of SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of Specific antibodies is critical to guide vaccine design strategies and antibody-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fazhi Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - KangSheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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Fernández-Buhigas I, Rayo N, Silos JC, Serrano B, Ocón-Hernández O, Leung BW, Delgado JL, Fernández DSN, Valle S, De Miguel L, Silgado A, Tanoira RP, Rolle V, Santacruz B, Gil MM, Poon LC. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38238855 PMCID: PMC10797875 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk is contentious, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been consistently detected in human breast milk. However, it is uncertain when and how long the antibodies are present. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study including all consecutive pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, recruited at six maternity units in Spain and Hong Kong from March 2020 to March 2021. Colostrum (day of birth until day 4 postpartum) and mature milk (day 7 postpartum until 6 weeks postpartum) were prospectively collected, and paired maternal blood samples were also collected. Colostrum samples were tested with rRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2, and skimmed acellular milk and maternal sera were tested against SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin M, A, and G reactive to receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 1 to determine the presence of immunoglobulins. Then, we examined how each immunoglobulin type in the colostrum was related to the time of infection by logistic regression analysis, the concordance between these immunoglobulins in the colostrum, maternal serum, and mature milk by Cohen's kappa statistic, and the relationship between immunoglobulin levels in mature milk and colostrum with McNemar. RESULTS One hundred eighty-seven pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or childbirth were recruited and donated the milk and blood samples. No SARS-CoV-2 was found in the human breast milk. Immunoglobulin A, G, and M were present in 129/162 (79·6%), 5/163 (3·1%), and 15/76 (19·7%) colostrum samples and in 17/62 (27·42%), 2/62 (3·23%) and 2/62 (3·23%) mature milk samples, respectively. Immunoglobulin A was the predominant immunoglobulin found in breast milk, and its levels were significantly higher in the colostrum than in the mature milk (p-value < 0.001). We did not find that the presence of immunoglobulins in the colostrum was associated with their presence in maternal, the severity of the disease, or the time when the infection had occurred. CONCLUSIONS Since anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are found in the colostrum irrespective of the time of infection during pregnancy, but the virus itself is not detected in human breast milk, our study found no indications to withhold breastfeeding, taking contact precautions when there is active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fernández-Buhigas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Nieves Rayo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Julia Cuesta Silos
- Synlab Diagnósticos Globales S.A., Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Berta Serrano
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olga Ocón-Hernández
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Bo Wah Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Nieves Fernández
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitário Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, School of Medicine, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valle
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Laura De Miguel
- Synlab Diagnósticos Globales S.A., Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aroa Silgado
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramón Perez Tanoira
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitário Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Rolle
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Platform at Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Belén Santacruz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Maria M Gil
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
| | - Liona C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hang Y, Wang L, Wang J, Bao N, Kim Y, Jang HW. Rapid assays of SARS-CoV-2 virus and noble biosensors by nanomaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38190075 PMCID: PMC10774473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 has spread rapidly across the world to form a global epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases. Increased investigations on diagnostic tools are currently implemented to assist rapid identification of the virus because mass and rapid diagnosis might be the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. This critical review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications on the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 with three categories: rapid nuclear acid augmentation test, rapid immunoassay test and biosensors. Special efforts were put on enhancement of nanomaterials on biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Future developments are suggested regarding potential candidates in hospitals, clinics and laboratories for control and prevention of large-scale epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Hang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Johnson L, Bartlett ML, Ramirez F, Heger CD, Smith DR. Development of automated microfluidic immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antigen. J Immunol Methods 2024; 524:113586. [PMID: 38040191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Rapid and sensitive detection of the virus soon after infection is important for the treatment and prevention of transmission of COVID-19, and detection of antibodies is important for epidemiology, assessment of vaccine immunogenicity, and identification of the natural reservoir and intermediate host(s). Patient nasal or oropharyngeal swabs or saliva used in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, whereas lateral flow immunoassays (LFI) detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood. Although effective, these assays have poor sensitivity (e.g., LFI) or are labor intensive and time consuming (PCR and ELISA). Here we describe the development of rapid, automated ELISA-based immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens and antibodies against the virus. The Simple Plex™ platform uses rapid microfluidic reaction kinetics for sensitive analyte detection with small sample volumes. We developed three sensitive <90-min Simple Plex immunoassays that measure either the SARS-CoV-2 antigens or the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralizing antibodies, in serum from COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwood Johnson
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Maggie L Bartlett
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Darci R Smith
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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11
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Ajmera H, Lakhawat SS, Malik N, Kumar A, Bhatti JS, Kumar V, Gogoi H, Jaswal SK, Chandel S, Sharma PK. Global Emergence of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Scientific Interventions to Contain its Spread. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:307-325. [PMID: 38265408 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037274719231212044235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to public health, necessitating rapid scientific interventions to tackle the spread of infection. The review discusses the key areas of research on COVID-19 including viral genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The genome sequencing of the virus facilitated the tracking of its evolution, transmission dynamics, and identification of variants. Epidemiological studies have provided insights into disease spread, risk factors, and the impact of public health infrastructure and social distancing measures. Investigations of the viral pathogenesis have elucidated the mechanisms underlying immune responses and severe manifestations including the long-term effects of COVID-19. Overall, the article provides an updated overview of the diagnostic methods developed for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate utilization in different clinical and public health settings. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches including antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and repurposed medications have been investigated to alleviate disease severity and improve patient outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of these scientific efforts, the review provides an overview of the advancements made in understanding and tackling SARS-CoV-2, while underscoring the need for continued research to address the evolving challenges posed by this global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Ajmera
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | | | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd milestone Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- Department of Nursing, GHG College of Nursing Rajkot Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
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12
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Schmidt KG, Harrer EG, Schönau V, Simon D, Kleyer A, Steininger P, Korn K, Schett G, Knobloch CS, Nganou-Makamdop K, Harrer T. Detection of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against Ad26 in HIV-1-infected individuals not responding to the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Infection 2023; 51:1657-1667. [PMID: 37067754 PMCID: PMC10106868 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine is a replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 26 vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In a phase 1-2a trial, a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies in ≥ 96% of healthy adults. To investigate vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-1-infection, we measured SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies in Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated HIV-1-infected patients and analyzed the presence of pre-existing Ad26 neutralizing antibodies. METHODS We included all Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated HIV-1-infected patients of Erlangen HIV cohort fulfilling all inclusion criteria. The study cohort consisted of 15 HIV-1-infected patients and three HIV-1-uninfected subjects who received the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between April and November 2021. Pre-vaccination sera were collected between October 2014 and June 2021, post-vaccination sera between June and December 2021. Neutralizing antibodies towards Ad26 were determined by a FACS-based inhibition assay measuring the expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike and adenoviral proteins in HEK293T cells after in-vitro transduction with Ad26.COV2.S or the control ChAdOx1-S. RESULTS Six out of 15 HIV-1-infected patients failed to develop SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and four patients developed weak antibody responses after vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S. Pre-vaccination sera of four of the six vaccine non-responders showed neutralizing activity towards Ad26.COV2.S but not toward the ChAdOx1-S vaccine at 1:50 dilution. After Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, 17 of the 18 subjects developed strong Ad26-neutralizing activity and only one of the 18 subjects showed neutralizing activity towards the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. CONCLUSION Ad26.COV2.S vaccination showed a high failure rate in HIV-1-infected patients. Pre-existing immunity against Ad26 could be an important contributor to poor vaccine efficacy in a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja G Schmidt
- Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Section, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ellen G Harrer
- Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Section, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schönau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Korn
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carina S Knobloch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Vaccination Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Harrer
- Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Section, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Funk MA, Leitner J, Gerner MC, Hammerler JM, Salzer B, Lehner M, Battin C, Gumpelmair S, Stiasny K, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Interrogating ligand-receptor interactions using highly sensitive cellular biosensors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7804. [PMID: 38016944 PMCID: PMC10684770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of membrane-resident proteins are important targets for therapeutic interventions but most methods to study them are either costly, laborious or fail to reflect the physiologic interaction of membrane resident proteins in trans. Here we describe highly sensitive cellular biosensors as a tool to study receptor-ligand pairs. They consist of fluorescent reporter cells that express chimeric receptors harboring ectodomains of cell surface molecules and intracellular signaling domains. We show that a broad range of molecules can be integrated into this platform and we demonstrate its applicability to highly relevant research areas, including the characterization of immune checkpoints and the probing of cells for the presence of receptors or ligands. The platform is suitable to evaluate the interactions of viral proteins with host receptors and to test for neutralization capability of drugs or biological samples. Our results indicate that cellular biosensors have broad utility as a tool to study protein-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Funk
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Division for Immune Receptors and T cell activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Division for Immune Receptors and T cell activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marlene C Gerner
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin M Hammerler
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Division for Immune Receptors and T cell activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Gumpelmair
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Division for Immune Receptors and T cell activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Steinberger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Division for Immune Receptors and T cell activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Fan T, Li C, Liu X, Xu H, Li W, Wang M, Mei X, Li D. Development of practical techniques for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1839-1856. [PMID: 37517003 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Countless individuals have fallen victim to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have generated antibodies, reducing the risk of secondary infection in the short term. However, with the emergence of mutated strains, the probability of subsequent infections remains high. Consequently, the demand for simple and accessible methods for distinguishing between different variants is soaring. Although monitoring viral gene sequencing is an effective approach for differentiating between various types of SARS-CoV-2 variants, it may not be easily accessible to the general public. In this article, we provide an overview of the reported techniques that use combined approaches and adaptable testing methods that use editable recognition receptors for simultaneous detection and distinction of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These techniques employ straightforward detection strategies, including tests capable of simultaneously identifying and differentiating between different variants. Furthermore, we recommend advancing the development of uncomplicated protocols for distinguishing between current and emerging variants. Additionally, we propose further development of facile protocols for the differentiation of existing and emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuocen Fan
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Hongda Xu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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15
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Yari P, Liang S, Chugh VK, Rezaei B, Mostufa S, Krishna VD, Saha R, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP, Gómez-Pastora J, Wu K. Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15419-15449. [PMID: 37826859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Venkatramana Divana Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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16
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Seller A, Hackenbruch C, Walz JS, Nelde A, Heitmann JS. Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Convalescents-Immune Response Associated with Reinfection Rate and Symptoms. Viruses 2023; 15:2100. [PMID: 37896879 PMCID: PMC10611319 DOI: 10.3390/v15102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide, causing millions of deaths and leaving a significant proportion of people with long-term sequelae of COVID-19 ("post-COVID syndrome"). Whereas the precise mechanism of post-COVID syndrome is still unknown, the immune response after the first infection may play a role. Here, we performed a long-term follow-up analysis of 110 COVID-19 convalescents, analyzing the first SARS-CoV-2-directed immune response, vaccination status, long-term symptoms (approximately 2.5 years after first infection), and reinfections. A total of 96% of convalescents were vaccinated at least once against SARS-CoV-2 after their first infection. A reinfection rate of 47% was observed, and lower levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies after the first infection were shown to associate with reinfection. While T-cell responses could not be clearly associated with persistent postinfectious symptoms, convalescents with long-term symptoms showed elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels at the first infection. Evaluating the immune response after the first infection might be a useful tool for identifying individuals with increased risk for re-infections and long-term symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seller
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Hackenbruch
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S. Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S. Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Adnan N, Haq MA, Tisha TA, Khandker SS, Jamiruddin MR, Sajal SSA, Akter S, Ahmed MF, Raqib R, Khondoker MU, Azmuda N, Haque M. Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays for Specificity in Dengue-Co-Endemic Areas. Cureus 2023; 15:e47683. [PMID: 37899905 PMCID: PMC10599982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The overlap in clinical presentation between COVID-19 and dengue poses challenges for diagnosis in co-endemic regions. Furthermore, there have been reports of antibody cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and dengue. Our research aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antigens for serological testing while reducing the possibility of cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies. Method Two hundred and ten serum samples were collected from 179 patients and divided into four panels. Panels 1 and 2 consisted of COVID-19-negative healthy donors (n=81) and pre-pandemic dengue patients (n=50), respectively. Alternatively, Panel 3 (n=19) was composed of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-positive samples collected within two weeks of COVID-19 symptom onset, while Panel 4 (n=60) was composed of positive samples collected after two weeks of symptom onset. Previously developed and characterized in-house SARS-CoV-2 spike-1 (S1), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) immunoglobin G (IgG)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were used for the study. Results Six dengue-positive sera cross-reacted with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2. However, only one dengue-positive sera cross-reacted with the S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Co-immobilization of S1 and RBD in different ratios revealed an 80:20 (S1:RBD) ratio as optimal for achieving an overall 96.2% sensitivity with the least cross-reaction to anti-dengue antibodies. Conclusion Our findings indicated that SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based immunoassays present more cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies than S1 and N proteins. Furthermore, co-immobilization of S1 and RBD reduces the cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies compared to RBD, thereby increasing the immunoassay specificity without affecting overall sensitivity for the dengue-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Adnan
- Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Bio-Statistics, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Sm Shafiul Alam Sajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Salma Akter
- Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunology, Nutrition, and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC) Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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18
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Rafique Q, Rehman A, Afghan MS, Ahmad HM, Zafar I, Fayyaz K, Ain Q, Rayan RA, Al-Aidarous KM, Rashid S, Mushtaq G, Sharma R. Reviewing methods of deep learning for diagnosing COVID-19, its variants and synergistic medicine combinations. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107191. [PMID: 37354819 PMCID: PMC10281043 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of reliable diagnostic methods for accurately detecting the novel coronavirus and its variants. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown promising potential as screening tools for COVID-19 detection. In this study, we explore the realistic development of DL-driven COVID-19 detection methods and focus on the fully automatic framework using available resources, which can effectively investigate various coronavirus variants through modalities. We conducted an exploration and comparison of several diagnostic techniques that are widely used and globally validated for the detection of COVID-19. Furthermore, we explore review-based studies that provide detailed information on synergistic medicine combinations for the treatment of COVID-19. We recommend DL methods that effectively reduce time, cost, and complexity, providing valuable guidance for utilizing available synergistic combinations in clinical and research settings. This study also highlights the implication of innovative diagnostic technical and instrumental strategies, exploring public datasets, and investigating synergistic medicines using optimised DL rules. By summarizing these findings, we aim to assist future researchers in their endeavours by providing a comprehensive overview of the implication of DL techniques in COVID-19 detection and treatment. Integrating DL methods with various diagnostic approaches holds great promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of COVID-19 diagnostics, thus contributing to effective control and management of the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qandeel Rafique
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, 57040, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Rehman
- Department of General Medicine Govt. Eye and General Hospital Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sher Afghan
- Department of Internal Medicine District Headquarter Hospital Faislaabad, 62300, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhamad Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine District Headquarter Hospital Bahawalnagar, 62300, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University Pakistan, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Kompal Fayyaz
- Department of National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 03822, Pakistan.
| | - Rehab A Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Khadija Mohammed Al-Aidarous
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts in Sharurah, Najran University, 51730, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gohar Mushtaq
- Center for Scientific Research, Faculty of Medicine, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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19
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He Y, Xu Z, Kasputis T, Zhao X, Ibañez I, Pavan F, Bok M, Malito JP, Parreno V, Yuan L, Wright RC, Chen J. Development of Nanobody-Displayed Whole-Cell Biosensors for the Colorimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37184-37192. [PMID: 37489943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and effective detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and ensuring human health. Herein, a nanobody-displayed whole-cell biosensor was developed for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Serving as bioreceptors, yeast surfaces were genetically engineered to display SARS-CoV-2 binding of llama-derived single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) with high capture efficiency, facilitating the concentration and purification of SARS-CoV-2. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) employed as signal transductions were functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-SARS monoclonal antibodies to enhance the detection sensitivity. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, the sandwiched binding will be formed by linking engineered yeast, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and reporter AuNPs. The colorimetric signal was generated by the enzymatic reaction of HRP and its corresponding colorimetric substrate/chromogen system. At the optimal conditions, the developed whole-cell biosensor enables the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in a linear range from 0.01 to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.037 μg/mL (about 4 × 108 virion particles/mL). Furthermore, the whole-cell biosensor was demonstrated to detect the spike protein of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in human serum, providing new possibilities for the detection of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen He
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tom Kasputis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Itati Ibañez
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Florencia Pavan
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Marina Bok
- Incuinta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IVIT, INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires 1712, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Malito
- Incuinta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IVIT, INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires 1712, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreno
- Incuinta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, INTA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IVIT, INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires 1712, Argentina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - R Clay Wright
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Juhong Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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20
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d’Almeida S, Markovic S, Hermann P, Bracht H, Peifer J, Ettrich TJ, Imhof A, Zhou S, Weiss M, Viardot A, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Thromboembolism after Astra Zeneca COVID-19 vaccine: Not always PF4- antibody mediated. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2252239. [PMID: 37655367 PMCID: PMC10478733 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2252239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of thromboembolic events in 2021 flared up the discussion about the safety of Astra Zeneca's AZD1222 vaccine. We hereby report three cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), one case of extended portal vein thrombosis, and one case of combined portal vein thrombosis and PE within 2 weeks after vaccination with the Astra Zeneca AZD1222 vaccine in a 60-year-old, a 50-year old, a 33-year-old, a 30-year old, and a 40-year-old male in that year. All patients were healthy before. In three patients, we observed thrombocytopenia and to some extent unusually low antibody levels for the Spike Protein (S-protein), while the other two had normal thrombocyte counts. Only one patient had anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)-antibodies detectable as it has been described in the "heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)-like" disease of "vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia" (VIPIT) and we therefore assume that heterogeneous mechanisms led to PE. Therefore, we advise to collect and report more cases, in order to determine the age-related risks of vaccination balanced against the benefits of immunity to SARS-COV-2 for the AZD1222 vaccine in order to gain knowledge for the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha d’Almeida
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sinisa Markovic
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Hermann
- Department of Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bracht
- Central Emergency Department, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Peifer
- Central Emergency Department, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Ettrich
- Department of Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armin Imhof
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shaoxia Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Rizzi M, Tonello S, Brinno C, Zecca E, Matino E, Cittone M, Rizzi E, Casciaro GF, D’Onghia D, Colangelo D, Minisini R, Bellan M, Castello LM, Chiocchetti A, Pirisi M, Rigamonti C, Lilleri D, Zavaglio F, Bergami F, Sola D, Sainaghi PP. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is higher in vaccinated patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases or liver transplantation treated with mycophenolate due to an impaired antiviral immune response: results of the extended follow up of the RIVALSA prospective cohort. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185278. [PMID: 37545528 PMCID: PMC10398576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A relevant proportion of immunocompromised patients did not reach a detectable seroconversion after a full primary vaccination cycle against SARS-CoV-2. The effect of different immunosuppressants and the potential risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection in these subjects is largely unknown. Methods Patients from the Rivalsa prospective, observational cohort study with planned anti SARS-CoV-2 third dose mRNA vaccination between October and December 2021 were asked to participate to this follow-up study. Patients were asked about eventual confirmed positivity to SARS-CoV-2 infection within 6 months from the third dose and to undergo a blood draw to evaluate seroconversion status after the additional vaccine shot. Results 19 out of 114 patients taking part in the survey developed a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; we identified mycophenolate treatment as an independent predictor of an increased risk of infection even after the third vaccine dose (OR: 5.20, 95% CI: 1.70-20.00, p=0.0053). This result is in agreement with the in vitro evidence that MMF impairs both B and T lymphocytes driven immune responses (reduction both in memory B cells producing anti-spike antibodies and in proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). Conclusions Immunocompromised patients need an additional vaccine administration to reach a detectable seroconversion, thus fostering a more personalized approach to their clinical management. Moreover, patients undergoing mycophenolate treatment show a specific increased infection risk, with respect to other immunosuppressants thus supporting a closer monitoring of their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Cristiana Brinno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Zecca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Matino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Cittone
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Casciaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide D’Onghia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Mario Castello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Zavaglio
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Bergami
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sola
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, and IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and COVID-19 Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Division of Emergency Medicine and COVID-19 sub-intensive unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy
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22
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Martins F, Gonçalves FT, Imamura M, Barboza DS, Matheus D, Pereira MFB, Marques HHS, Correa-Silva S, Montenegro MM, Fink TT, Lindoso L, Bain V, Ferreira JCOA, Astley C, Matsuo OM, Suguita P, Trindade V, Paula CSY, Litvinov N, Palmeira P, Gualano B, Delgado AF, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Forsait S, Odone-Filho V, Antonangelo L, Battistella LR, Silva CA. Health-related quality of life and functionality in primary caregiver of surviving pediatric COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1117854. [PMID: 37408752 PMCID: PMC10319046 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To prospectively assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), global functionality, and disability in primary caregivers of surviving children and adolescents after COVID-19. Methods A longitudinal observational study was carried out on primary caregivers of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n = 51) and subjects without COVID-19 (n = 60). EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and 12-question WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) were answered for both groups. The univariate regression analysis was carried out using SPSS (v 20) and significance was established at 5%. Results The median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis in children and adolescents and longitudinal follow-up visits was 4.4 months (0.8-10.7). The median age of children and adolescents caregivers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was similar to primary caregivers of subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 [43.2 (31.6-60.9) vs. 41.5 (21.6-54.8) years, p = 0.08], as well as similar female sex (p = 1.00), level of schooling (p = 0.11), social assistance program (p = 0.28), family income/month U$ (p = 0.25) and the number of household's members in the residence (p = 0.68). The frequency of slight to extreme problems (level ≥ 2) of the pain/discomfort domain according to EQ-5D-5L score was significantly higher in the former group [74% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.03, OR = 2.57 (1.14-5.96)]. The frequency of disability according to WHODAS 2.0 total score was similar to those without disability and unknown (p = 0.79); however, with a very high disability in both groups (72.5% and 78.3%). Further analysis of primary caregivers of children and adolescents with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) [n = 12/51 (23%)] compared to those without PCC [n = 39/51(77%)] revealed no differences between demographic data, EQ-5D-5L and WHODAS 2.0 scores in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion We longitudinally demonstrated that pain/discomfort were predominantly reported in approximately 75% of primary caregiver of COVID-19 patients, with high disability in approximately three-quarters of both caregiver groups. These data emphasized the prospective and systematic caregiver burden evaluation relevance of pediatric COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda T. Gonçalves
- Laboratorio de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense (LIM-40), Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Imamura
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Barboza
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Matheus
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda B. Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloisa H. S. Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Correa-Silva
- Laboratório de Pediatria Clínica (LIM-36), Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia M. Montenegro
- Laboratório de Pediatria Clínica (LIM-36), Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais T. Fink
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Lindoso
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Bain
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. O. A. Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Astley
- Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia M. Matsuo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Suguita
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Trindade
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila S. Y. Paula
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Litvinov
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Pediatria Clínica (LIM-36), Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur F. Delgado
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Forsait
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vicente Odone-Filho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Linamara R. Battistella
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Rungrojcharoenkit K, Suthangkornkul R, Utennam D, Buddhari D, Pinpaiboon S, Mongkolsirichaikul D, Fernandez S, Jones AR, Cotrone TS, Hunsawong T. Standardization of in-house anti-IgG and IgA ELISAs for the detection of COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287107. [PMID: 37294808 PMCID: PMC10256204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RT-PCR detection of viral RNA represents the gold standard method for diagnosis of COVID-19. However, multiple diagnostic tests are needed for acute disease diagnosis and assessing immunity during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we developed in-house anti-RBD IgG and IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using a well-defined serum sample panel for screening and identification of human SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that our in-house anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA displayed a 93.5% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity whereas our in-house anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA ELISA provided assay sensitivity and specificity at 89.5% and 99.4%, respectively. The agreement kappa values of our in-house anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISA assays were deemed to be excellent and fair, respectively, when compared to RT-PCR and excellent for both assays when compared to Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs. These data indicate that our in-house anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs are compatible performing assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rungarun Suthangkornkul
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Utennam
- Research Division, Royal Thai Army-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RTA-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soontorn Pinpaiboon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamphaeng Phet Provincial Hospital (KPPH), Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand
| | | | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anthony R. Jones
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas S. Cotrone
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taweewun Hunsawong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Habermann E, Frommert LM, Ghannam K, Nguyen My L, Gieselmann L, Tober-Lau P, Klotsche J, Arumahandi de Silva AN, Ten Hagen A, Zernicke J, Kurth F, Sander LE, Klein F, Burmester GR, Biesen R, Albach FN. Performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 antibody assays compared with pseudovirus neutralization tests. J Clin Virol 2023; 165:105518. [PMID: 37354690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercially available ELISA-based antibody tests are used to approximate vaccination success against SARS-CoV-2 in at-risk patients, but it is unclear whether they correlate with neutralization of the Omicron variant. METHODS 269 serum samples of a cohort of 44 non-immunosuppressed participants and 65 MTX-treated rheumatic patients taken before and after COVID-19 booster vaccinations were measured using COVID-19 antibody testing systems with wild-type and Omicron BA.1 antigens developed by three different manufacturers (surrogate virus neutralization test cPass, and binding antibody tests QuantiVac and SeraSpot), as well as with a pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT). The pVNT was considered the gold standard for determining the presence and level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RESULTS All three wild-type ELISAs showed excellent test performance compared with wild-type neutralization in pVNT. However, out of 56 samples without Omicron BA.1 neutralization in pVNT, 71.4% showed positive results in at least one and 28.6% in all three wild-type ELISAs at the manufacturer-defined cut-offs. Omicron ELISAs showed either decreased specificity (57.1% and 55.4% for binding ELISAs) or sensitivity (51.2% in cPass) compared to Omicron neutralization in pVNT. The proportion of any false positive results among all samples decreased from 26.5% before to 3.2% after booster vaccination, however binding antibody test specificities remained below 70%. CONCLUSIONS We found a poorer test performance of new Omicron antibody test systems compared to wild-type tests in detecting neutralizing antibodies against the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 variants. Decisions for booster vaccination or passive immunization of at-risk patients should not be based solely on antibody test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Habermann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L M Frommert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Ghannam
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nguyen My
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Gieselmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Tober-Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Klotsche
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin - a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - A N Arumahandi de Silva
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ten Hagen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zernicke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F N Albach
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Jarovsky D, de Freitas Fongaro G, Zampol RM, de Oliveira TA, Farias CGA, da Silva DGBP, Cavalcante DTG, Nery SB, de Moraes JC, de Oliveira FI, Almeida FJ, Sáfadi MAP. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children: a hospital-based surveillance study in Latin America's hardest-hit city. IJID REGIONS 2023; 7:52-62. [PMID: 36536932 PMCID: PMC9753484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, Brazil became the epicentre of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Latin America, resulting in an unparalleled health catastrophe. Nevertheless, comprehensive clinical reports in Brazilian children are not available. METHODS This retrospective, hospital-based, active surveillance study was performed to identify paediatric patients with COVID-19 who presented at a private academic medical centre in a large urban area between March 2020 and March 2021. Clinical and demographic information was analysed for those requiring hospitalization, those with severe illness and those with clinical syndromes. RESULTS In total, 964 symptomatic cases were evaluated; of these, 17.7% required hospitalization, and 27.5% of hospitalized cases were classified as severe/critical. Acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia were the most common causes of hospitalization among the severe cases. Twenty-seven hospitalized children fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for multi-system inflammatory syndrome (median age 29 months; 85.2% cases were non-severe). A significant co-existing condition was present in 29% of hospitalized children. The risk of hospitalization was higher in children with at least one comorbidity, children aged <2 years and obese children. Increased risk of severe disease was described among those with leukopenia, leukocytosis or any significant comorbidity. No deaths occurred among the study population. CONCLUSION Although most children with COVID-19 experienced mild disease, and no deaths occurred among the study population, a significant proportion of cases required hospitalization and developed severe illness. Obesity, young age, underlying comorbidity, leukopenia and leukocytosis were risk factors for hospitalization or severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jarovsky
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávia Jacqueline Almeida
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Palazzi Sáfadi
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cheng L, Lan L, Ramalingam M, He J, Yang Y, Gao M, Shi Z. A review of current effective COVID-19 testing methods and quality control. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:239. [PMID: 37195393 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe illness. The virus is extremely contagious, early and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to contain its spread, to provide prompt treatment, and to prevent complications. Currently, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered to be the gold standard for detecting COVID-19 in its early stages. In addition, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LMAP), clustering rule interval short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA), computed tomography (CT), and electrochemical sensors are also common tests. However, these different methods vary greatly in terms of their detection efficiency, specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, cost, and throughput. Besides, most of the current detection methods are conducted in central hospitals and laboratories, which is a great challenge for remote and underdeveloped areas. Therefore, it is essential to review the advantages and disadvantages of different COVID-19 detection methods, as well as the technology that can enhance detection efficiency and improve detection quality in greater details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cheng
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Liang Lan
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Min Gao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Tolan NV, DeSimone MS, Fernandes MD, Lewis JE, Simmons DP, Schur PH, Brigl M, Tanasijevic MJ, Desjardins M, Sherman AC, Baden LR, Snyder M, Melanson SE. Lessons learned: A look back at the performance of nine COVID-19 serologic assays and their proposed utility. Clin Biochem 2023; 117:60-68. [PMID: 36878344 PMCID: PMC9985916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serologic assays for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been proposed to assist with the acute diagnosis of infection, support epidemiological studies, identify convalescent plasma donors, and evaluate vaccine response. METHODS We report an evaluation of nine serologic assays: Abbott (AB) and Epitope (EP) IgG and IgM, EUROIMMUN (EU) IgG and IgA, Roche anti-N (RN TOT) and anti-S (RS TOT) total antibody, and DiaSorin (DS) IgG. We evaluated 291 negative controls (NEG CTRL), 91 PCR positive (PCR POS) patients (179 samples), 126 convalescent plasma donors (CPD), 27 healthy vaccinated donors (VD), and 20 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients (45 samples). RESULTS We observed good agreement with the method performance claims for specificity (93-100%) in NEG CTRL but only 85% for EU IgA. The sensitivity claims in the first 2 weeks of symptom onset was lower (26-61%) than performance claims based on > 2 weeks since PCR positivity. We observed high sensitivities (94-100%) in CPD except for AB IgM (77%), EP IgM (0%). Significantly higher RS TOT was observed for Moderna vaccine recipients then Pfizer (p-values < 0.0001). A sustained RS TOT response was observed for the five months following vaccination. HSCT recipients demonstrated significantly lower RS TOT than healthy VD (p < 0.0001) at dose 2 and 4 weeks after. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests against the use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays to aid in acute diagnosis. RN TOT and RS TOT can readily identify past-resolved infection and vaccine response in the absence of native infection. We provide an estimate of expected antibody response in healthy VD over the time course of vaccination for which to compare antibody responses in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V Tolan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Mia S DeSimone
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria D Fernandes
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua E Lewis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daimon P Simmons
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter H Schur
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manfred Brigl
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Milenko J Tanasijevic
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaël Desjardins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Stacy Ef Melanson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Yang M. Recent development of microfluidics-based platforms for respiratory virus detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024104. [PMID: 37035101 PMCID: PMC10076069 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the inadequacies of current detection technology for respiratory viruses have been recognized. Rapid, portable, accurate, and sensitive assays are needed to expedite diagnosis and early intervention. Conventional methods for detection of respiratory viruses include cell culture-based assays, serological tests, nucleic acid detection (e.g., RT-PCR), and direct immunoassays. However, these traditional methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require laboratory facilities, which cannot meet the testing needs, especially during pandemics of respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19. Microfluidics-based techniques can overcome these demerits and provide simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analysis of intact virus, viral antigen/antibody, and viral nucleic acids. This review aims to summarize the recent development of microfluidics-based techniques for detection of respiratory viruses. Recent advances in different types of microfluidic devices for respiratory virus diagnostics are highlighted, including paper-based microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet-based microfluidics. Finally, the future development of microfluidic technologies for respiratory virus diagnostics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Determination of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines by ELISA Technique. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2612:101-108. [PMID: 36795362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2903-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this chapter is to determine inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with or without preeclampsia by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. In this chapter, 16 cell cultures were obtained from different patients admitted to the hospital with term vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Here, we describe the ability to quantify the presence of cytokines in cell culture supernatants. The supernatants of the cell cultures were collected and concentrated. The concentration of IL-6 and VEGF-R1 was measured by ELISA to determine the prevalence of alterations in the samples studied. We observed that the sensitivity of the kit allowed the detection of several cytokines in a range between 2 and 200 pg/mL. The test was performed using the ELISpot method (5×), which allowed a higher level of precision.
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Socan M, Prosenc K, Mrzel M. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Following the Omicron BA.1 Wave. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3665. [PMID: 36834360 PMCID: PMC9959557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a seroprevalence study using convenient residual sera samples from the Slovenian population collected after the end of the Omicron BA.1 pandemic wave. Serum samples were tested for spike glycoprotein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) antibodies. Participants' data regarding confirmed infection and vaccination was obtained from national registries. Anti-S antibodies were detected in 2439 (84.1%) of 2899 sera from persons aged 0-90 years, with the lowest prevalence in the 0-17 age group. The proportion of anti-N positives was the lowest in the ≥70 age group. The proportion of anti-N positives was significantly higher among participants with confirmed past infection and among those who had never been vaccinated. In participants who had not been notified as infected and who had never been vaccinated, the seroprevalence of anti-S and anti-N antibodies was 53% and 35.5%, respectively. From the time of serum collection to mid-November 2022, 445 participants (15.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with higher odds in seronegative participants, participants in the 40-59 age group, and those without notified previous infection. Vaccination status and gender had no significant effects on infection risk. This study underlines the importance of serosurveys in understanding the development of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Prosenc
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mrzel
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Espinosa-Gómez FC, Bautista E, Palacios-Cruz OE, Téllez-Ramírez A, Vázquez-Briones DB, Flores de Los Ángeles C, Abella-Medrano CA, Escobedo-Straffón JL, Aguirre-Alarcón H, Pérez-Silva NB, Solís-Hernández M, Navarro-López R, Aguirre AA. Host traits, ownership behaviour and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic pets in Mexico. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:327-340. [PMID: 36757053 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico is not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID-19-infected/-suspected households (n = 44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n = 91). Using RT-PCR, we identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID-19-infected/-suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA-positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA-positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4-year-old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID-19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR = 0.32, p = 0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Bautista
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Biotecnología, Universidad Popular y Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Oscar Emilio Palacios-Cruz
- Especialidad en Medicina y Cirugía de Perros y Gatos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Téllez-Ramírez
- Especialidad en Medicina y Cirugía de Perros y Gatos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Daniela Belem Vázquez-Briones
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - César Flores de Los Ángeles
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Antonio Abella-Medrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Aguirre-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Biotecnología, Universidad Popular y Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nancy Bibiana Pérez-Silva
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Mario Solís-Hernández
- Comisión México Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Navarro-López
- Comisión México Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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32
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Greene SE, Huang Y, Kim W, Liebeskind MJ, Chandrasekaran V, Liu Z, Deepak P, Paley MA, Lew D, Yang M, Matloubian M, Gensler LS, Nakamura MC, O'Hallaran JA, Presti RM, Whelan SPJ, Buchser WJ, Kim AHJ, Weil GJ. A simple point-of-care assay accurately detects anti-spike antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2023; 3:100135. [PMID: 36644774 PMCID: PMC9831968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lateral flow assays (LFA) are sensitive for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins within weeks after infection. This study tested samples from immunocompetent adults, and those receiving treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), before and after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods We compared results obtained with the COVIBLOCK Covid-19 LFA to those obtained by anti-spike (S) ELISA. Results The LFA detected anti-S antibodies in 29 of 29 (100%) of the immunocompetent and 110 of 126 (87.3%) of the CID participants after vaccination. Semiquantitative LFA scores were statistically significantly lower in samples from immunosuppressed participants, and were significantly correlated with anti-S antibody levels measured by ELISA. Conclusions This simple LFA test is a practical alternative to laboratory-based assays for detecting anti-S antibodies after infection or vaccination. This type of test may be most useful for testing people in outpatient or resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Rm 4184 , St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wooseob Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mariel J Liebeskind
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vinay Chandrasekaran
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Parakkal Deepak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael A Paley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daphne Lew
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monica Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lianne S Gensler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary C Nakamura
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jane A O'Hallaran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William J Buchser
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gary J Weil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Reliability of antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1245068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), and antibody tests are useful as supplemental tools for diagnosis, for measuring the population’s immunity
levels, and for checking infection in asymptomatic contacts. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of five commercial antibody
detection test kits.
Materials and Methods: The reliability of the Colloidal Gold COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Kit, Antibody Rapid Test Hotgen,
Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., China), Abbott Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (Illinois, USA), Roche
Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland), Siemens Chemiluminescence (Munich, Germany), and
Euroimmun ELISA (Lübeck, Germany) for COVID-19 diagnosis was studied. The antibody-negative group included 50 sera from
2018, and the antibody-positive group included 98 patients with positive RT-PCR results from whom blood samples had been collected
3–9 weeks after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
The antibody tests’ validity and intra-assay reproducibility were examined, and the Cohen’s kappa coefficients were obtained. The
disease prevalence was pegged at 10%.
Results: The antibody tests’ sensitivity (69.12–72.46%) and positive predictive values (42.44–100.0%) were low, and their specificity
(89.58–100%) and negative predictive values (96.31–97.03%) were high. Their accuracy rates varied from 87.54% to 97.25%, and their
intra-assay coefficients of variation varied from 1% to 10%.
Conclusion: The agreement between the results of the antibody detection test kits was higher when the kits were classified according to
the targeted antigens. The time of blood sample collection, targeted antigens, and antibody types affected the results. Serological tests
were found to be useful, and the commercial kits were found to be largely reliable, although, some parameters need to be improved.
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Zhou W, He P, Liu H, Wei H, Yu J. A luciferase based automated assay for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1238:340633. [PMID: 36464447 PMCID: PMC9672313 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brings great challenges to the public health and social economics around the world. As the pandemic continues and the mass vaccination goes on, monitoring the antibodies is particularly important for the epidemiological survey and vaccine assessment. Here, we developed a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay combined with an automated platform to detect anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antibody, where protein A and protein G modified magnetic beads were used to capture antibodies in serum samples and SARS-CoV-2 RBD was fused with Gaussia luciferase to label the captured target antibodies. The whole detection procedure can be completed within 20 min. The developed assay has proven up to 32 times more sensitive than ELISA for the detection of RBD antibodies. Furthermore, the results of the antibody detection of sera from vaccination as well as convalescence displayed good performance. The automated platform may provide a powerful tool for the control of COVID-19 pandemic by vaccination and the research of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Corresponding author. No.44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Junping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Corresponding author. No.44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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Shan Y, Wang B, Huang H, Yan K, Li W, Wang S, Liu F. Portable high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform for rapid on-site COVID-19 diagnostics. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1238:340634. [PMID: 36464448 PMCID: PMC9671405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the global pandemic. Though the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) acting as a gold-standard method has been widely used for COVID-19 diagnostics, it can hardly support rapid on-site applications or monitor the stage of disease development as well as to identify the infection and immune status of rehabilitation patients. To suit rapid on-site COVID-19 diagnostics under various application scenarios with an all-in-one device and simple detection reagents, we propose a high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform with fluorescent, colorimetric, and chemiluminescent immunoassays on the same portable device and a multimodal reporter probe using quantum dot (QD) microspheres modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) coupled with goat anti-human IgG. The recombinant nucleocapsid protein fixed on a 96-well plate works as the capture probe. In the condition with the target under detection, both reporter and capture probes can be bound by such target. When illuminated by excitation light, fluorescence signals from QD microspheres can be collected for target quantification often at a fast speed. Additionally, when pursuing simple detection without using any sensing devices, HRP-catalyzed TMB colorimetric immunoassay is employed; and when pursuing highly sensitive detection, HRP-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescent immunoassay is established. Verified by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 N humanized antibody, the sensitivities of colorimetric, fluorescent, and chemiluminescent immunoassays are respectively 20, 80, and 640 times more sensitive than that of the lateral flow colloidal gold immunoassay strip. Additionally, such a platform can simultaneously detect multiple samples at the same time thus supporting high-throughput sensing; and all these detecting operations can be implemented on-site within 50 min relying on field-operable processing and field-portable devices. Such a high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform can provide a new all-in-one solution for rapid on-site diagnostics of COVID-19 for different detecting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Shan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- Advanced Institute of Micro-Nano Intelligent Sensing (AIMNIS), School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Hütter-Krönke ML, Neagoie A, Blau IW, Wais V, Vuong L, Gantner A, Ahn J, Penack O, Schnell J, Nogai KA, Eberspächer B, Saadati M, Benner A, Bullinger L, Döhner H, Bunjes D, Sala E. Risk factors and characteristics influencing humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174289. [PMID: 37207199 PMCID: PMC10190126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is approved and recommended for immunocompromised patients such as patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Since infections represent a relevant cause of transplant related mortality we analyzed the advent of immunization to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a bicentric population of allogeneic transplanted patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of allo-SCT recipients in two German transplantation centers for safety and serologic response after two and three SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Patients received mRNA vaccines or vector-based vaccines. All patients were monitored for antibodies against SARS-CoV2-spike protein (anti-S-IgG) with an IgG ELISA assay or an EIA Assay after two and three doses of vaccination. Results A total of 243 allo-SCT patients underwent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The median age was 59 years (range 22-81). While 85% of patients received two doses of mRNA vaccines, 10% had vector-based vaccines and 5% received a mixed vaccination. The two vaccine doses were well tolerated with only 3% patients developing a reactivation of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Overall, 72% of patients showed a humoral response after two vaccinations. In the multivariate analysis age at time of allo-SCT (p=0.0065), ongoing immunosuppressive therapy (p= 0.029) and lack of immune reconstitution (CD4-T-cell counts <200/μl, p< 0.001) were associated with no response. Sex, intensity of conditioning and the use of ATG showed no influence on seroconversion. Finally, 44 out of 69 patients that did not respond after the second dose received a booster and 57% (25/44) showed a seroconversion. Discussion We showed in our bicentric allo-SCT patient cohort, that a humoral response could be achieve after the regular approved schedule, especially for those patients who underwent immune reconstitution and were free from immunosuppressive drugs. In over 50% of the initial non-responders after 2-dose vaccination, a seroconversion can be achieved by boostering with a third dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luise Hütter-Krönke
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie Luise Hütter-Krönke,
| | - Adela Neagoie
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Igor Wolfgang Blau
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Wais
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lam Vuong
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Gantner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann Ahn
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Penack
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Axel Nogai
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Eberspächer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Labor Berlin- Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Donald Bunjes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elisa Sala
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Iglesias García G, Díaz Rodríguez Á, Díaz Fernández B, Cuello Estrada C, García Ferreiro T, Crespo García N, Seco-Calvo J. An Evaluation of Serological Tests to Determine Postvaccinal Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA Vaccines. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247534. [PMID: 36556149 PMCID: PMC9781667 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of the protective efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. Thus, an evaluation of the clinical performance of available tests is required. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical performance of LFIA immunoassay compared to ELIA and CLIA immunoassays available in Europe for the detection of IgG antibodies generated by mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Two automated immunoassays (the EUROIMMUN anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG S1 ELISA and the LIAISON de Diasorin anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG S1/S2 test) and a lateral flow immunoassay (the Livzon LFIA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG S test) were tested. We analyzed 300 samples distributed in three groups: 100 subjects aged over 18 years and under 45 years, 100 subjects aged between 45 and 65 years, and 100 subjects aged over 65 years. The samples were collected before vaccination; at 21 days; and then at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after vaccination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive probability quotient, negative probability quotient, and concordance (kappa index) were calculated for each serological test. RESULTS The maximum sensitivity values for IgG were 98.7%, 98.1%, and 97.8% for the EUROIMMUN ELISA, Abbott CLIA, and Livzon LFIA tests, respectively, and the maximum specificity values for IgG were 99.4%, 99.9%%, and 98.4% for the ELISA, CLIA, and LFIA tests, respectively, at the third month after vaccination, representing a decrease in the antibody levels after the sixth month. The best agreement was observed between the ELISA and CLIA tests at 100% (k = 1.00). The agreement between the ELIA, CLIA, and LFIA tests was 99% (k = 0.964) at the second and third month after vaccination. Seroconversion was faster and more durable in the younger age groups. CONCLUSION Our study examined the equivalent and homogeneous clinical performance for IgG of three immunoassays after vaccination and found LFIA to be the most cost-effective, reliable, and accurate for routine use in population seroconversion and seroprevalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel Díaz Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus of Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Bembibre Health Center, University of Leon, Carbajal Street 1, 24300 Bembibre, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Tania García Ferreiro
- Bembibre Health Center, University of Leon, Carbajal Street 1, 24300 Bembibre, Spain
| | - Noelia Crespo García
- Bembibre Health Center, University of Leon, Carbajal Street 1, 24300 Bembibre, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus of Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
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Hu R, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liao T, Liu Y, Tang J, Wang G, Wang G, Liang Y, Yuan J, Zhang B. Multiplexed evaluation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants using surface enhanced fluorescence from a nanostructured plasmonic chip. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:533. [PMID: 36522786 PMCID: PMC9753017 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Generated by the immune system post-infection or through vaccination, the effectiveness of antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for protecting individuals from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, a platform for the multiplexed evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against various variants was designed on the basis of near-infrared (NIR) surface enhanced fluorescence by nano-plasmonic gold chip (pGOLD). Antibody level across variants (Wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron) was confirmed by the sera from recovered-individuals who were unvaccinated and had infected with Wild-type, Delta, Omicron variants. However, the neutralizing activity against Omicron variant was markedly decreased for individuals infected by Wild-type (~ 5.6-fold) and Delta variant (~ 19.1-fold). To the opposite, neutralizing antibody from individuals recovered from Omicron variant infection showed weak binding strength against non-Omicron variants. Antibody evolution over time was studied with individuals 196-530 days post Wild-type infection. Decreasing IgG antibody titer accompanied by increasing IgG binding avidity with elongated post-infection period were observed for the sera from Wild-type recovered-individuals with different post-infection times, suggesting that after the primary infection, a great number of antibodies were generated and then gradually decreased, while the antibody matured over time. By comparing the IgG level of individuals vaccinated for 27-51 days with individual post-infection, we found that ca. 1 month after two doses of vaccination, the antibody level was comparable to that of 500 days post-infection, and vaccination could enhance IgG avidity more efficiently. This work demonstrated a platform for the multiplexed, high-throughput and rapid screening of acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing a new approach for the analysis of vaccine effectiveness, immunity against emerging variants, and related serological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Liao
- WWHS Biotech. Inc, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiahu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Avcu G, Arslan SY, Soylu M, Bilen NM, Bal ZS, Cicek C, Kurugol Z, Ozkinay F. Quantitative Antibody Levels Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:681-689. [PMID: 36534467 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of children with coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) are asymptomatic or develop mild symptoms, and a small number of patients require hospitalization. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is one of the most severe clinical courses of COVID-19 and is suggested to be a hyperinflammatory condition. This study aimed to compare quantitative antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C. Blood samples from 75 patients [n = 36 (48%) with mild/asymptomatic (group 1), n = 22 (29.3%) with moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (group 2) and n = 17 (22.6%) patients with MIS-C (group 3)] were analyzed 3 months after COVID-19. The majority of the children with asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 symptoms (80.6%), moderate/severe disease (90.9%), and MIS-C (82.4%) had detectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (p = 0.567). The mean antibody value against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was 321.9 ± 411.6 in group 1, 274 ± 261 in group 2, and 220 ± 299 in group 3, respectively (p > 0.05). Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (asymptomatic/mild+moderate/severe) and those with MIS-C were also compared; the antibody positivity rates [COVID-19 group: 85.5%, MIS-C group: 82.4%, (p = 0.833)] and mean antibody values [COVID-19 group: 303.9 ± 360.3, MIS-C group: 220 ± 299, (p > 0.05)] were similar in both groups. In conclusion, the majority of children with COVID-19 and MIS-C developed a detectable antibody level against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 3 months after COVID-19. Quantitative antibody levels were similar in both asymptomatic/mild disease, moderate/severe disease, and MIS-C group. Long-term studies evaluating antibody responses in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C are needed for more accurate vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhadiye Avcu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Yildirim Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Soylu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nimet Melis Bilen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zumrut Sahbudak Bal
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Candan Cicek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurugol
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Trivedi VS, Magnusen AF, Rani R, Marsili L, Slavotinek AM, Prows DR, Hopkin RJ, McKay MA, Pandey MK. Targeting the Complement-Sphingolipid System in COVID-19 and Gaucher Diseases: Evidence for a New Treatment Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214340. [PMID: 36430817 PMCID: PMC9695449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced disease (COVID-19) and Gaucher disease (GD) exhibit upregulation of complement 5a (C5a) and its C5aR1 receptor, and excess synthesis of glycosphingolipids that lead to increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, resulting in massive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. This C5a-C5aR1-glycosphingolipid pathway- induced pro-inflammatory environment causes the tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD. Strikingly, pharmaceutically targeting the C5a-C5aR1 axis or the glycosphingolipid synthesis pathway led to a reduction in glycosphingolipid synthesis and innate and adaptive immune inflammation, and protection from the tissue destruction in both COVID-19 and GD. These results reveal a common involvement of the complement and glycosphingolipid systems driving immune inflammation and tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD, respectively. It is therefore expected that combined targeting of the complement and sphingolipid pathways could ameliorate the tissue destruction, organ failure, and death in patients at high-risk of developing severe cases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Snehal Trivedi
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Albert Frank Magnusen
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Reena Rani
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Luca Marsili
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, 3113 Bellevue Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Anne Michele Slavotinek
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Ray Prows
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert James Hopkin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mary Ashley McKay
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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Fox T, Geppert J, Dinnes J, Scandrett K, Bigio J, Sulis G, Hettiarachchi D, Mathangasinghe Y, Weeratunga P, Wickramasinghe D, Bergman H, Buckley BS, Probyn K, Sguassero Y, Davenport C, Cunningham J, Dittrich S, Emperador D, Hooft L, Leeflang MM, McInnes MD, Spijker R, Struyf T, Van den Bruel A, Verbakel JY, Takwoingi Y, Taylor-Phillips S, Deeks JJ. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 11:CD013652. [PMID: 36394900 PMCID: PMC9671206 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013652.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in rapid development of diagnostic test methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology tests to detect the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 enable detection of past infection and may detect cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that were missed by earlier diagnostic tests. Understanding the diagnostic accuracy of serology tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection may enable development of effective diagnostic and management pathways, inform public health management decisions and understanding of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. OBJECTIVES To assess the accuracy of antibody tests, firstly, to determine if a person presenting in the community, or in primary or secondary care has current SARS-CoV-2 infection according to time after onset of infection and, secondly, to determine if a person has previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Sources of heterogeneity investigated included: timing of test, test method, SARS-CoV-2 antigen used, test brand, and reference standard for non-SARS-CoV-2 cases. SEARCH METHODS The COVID-19 Open Access Project living evidence database from the University of Bern (which includes daily updates from PubMed and Embase and preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv) was searched on 30 September 2020. We included additional publications from the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) 'COVID-19: Living map of the evidence' and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health 'NIPH systematic and living map on COVID-19 evidence'. We did not apply language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included test accuracy studies of any design that evaluated commercially produced serology tests, targeting IgG, IgM, IgA alone, or in combination. Studies must have provided data for sensitivity, that could be allocated to a predefined time period after onset of symptoms, or after a positive RT-PCR test. Small studies with fewer than 25 SARS-CoV-2 infection cases were excluded. We included any reference standard to define the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 (including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR), clinical diagnostic criteria, and pre-pandemic samples). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We use standard screening procedures with three reviewers. Quality assessment (using the QUADAS-2 tool) and numeric study results were extracted independently by two people. Other study characteristics were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. We present sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each test and, for meta-analysis, we fitted univariate random-effects logistic regression models for sensitivity by eligible time period and for specificity by reference standard group. Heterogeneity was investigated by including indicator variables in the random-effects logistic regression models. We tabulated results by test manufacturer and summarised results for tests that were evaluated in 200 or more samples and that met a modification of UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) target performance criteria. MAIN RESULTS We included 178 separate studies (described in 177 study reports, with 45 as pre-prints) providing 527 test evaluations. The studies included 64,688 samples including 25,724 from people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2; most compared the accuracy of two or more assays (102/178, 57%). Participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were most commonly hospital inpatients (78/178, 44%), and pre-pandemic samples were used by 45% (81/178) to estimate specificity. Over two-thirds of studies recruited participants based on known SARS-CoV-2 infection status (123/178, 69%). All studies were conducted prior to the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and present data for naturally acquired antibody responses. Seventy-nine percent (141/178) of studies reported sensitivity by week after symptom onset and 66% (117/178) for convalescent phase infection. Studies evaluated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (165/527; 31%), chemiluminescent assays (CLIA) (167/527; 32%) or lateral flow assays (LFA) (188/527; 36%). Risk of bias was high because of participant selection (172, 97%); application and interpretation of the index test (35, 20%); weaknesses in the reference standard (38, 21%); and issues related to participant flow and timing (148, 82%). We judged that there were high concerns about the applicability of the evidence related to participants in 170 (96%) studies, and about the applicability of the reference standard in 162 (91%) studies. Average sensitivities for current SARS-CoV-2 infection increased by week after onset for all target antibodies. Average sensitivity for the combination of either IgG or IgM was 41.1% in week one (95% CI 38.1 to 44.2; 103 evaluations; 3881 samples, 1593 cases), 74.9% in week two (95% CI 72.4 to 77.3; 96 evaluations, 3948 samples, 2904 cases) and 88.0% by week three after onset of symptoms (95% CI 86.3 to 89.5; 103 evaluations, 2929 samples, 2571 cases). Average sensitivity during the convalescent phase of infection (up to a maximum of 100 days since onset of symptoms, where reported) was 89.8% for IgG (95% CI 88.5 to 90.9; 253 evaluations, 16,846 samples, 14,183 cases), 92.9% for IgG or IgM combined (95% CI 91.0 to 94.4; 108 evaluations, 3571 samples, 3206 cases) and 94.3% for total antibodies (95% CI 92.8 to 95.5; 58 evaluations, 7063 samples, 6652 cases). Average sensitivities for IgM alone followed a similar pattern but were of a lower test accuracy in every time slot. Average specificities were consistently high and precise, particularly for pre-pandemic samples which provide the least biased estimates of specificity (ranging from 98.6% for IgM to 99.8% for total antibodies). Subgroup analyses suggested small differences in sensitivity and specificity by test technology however heterogeneity in study results, timing of sample collection, and smaller sample numbers in some groups made comparisons difficult. For IgG, CLIAs were the most sensitive (convalescent-phase infection) and specific (pre-pandemic samples) compared to both ELISAs and LFAs (P < 0.001 for differences across test methods). The antigen(s) used (whether from the Spike-protein or nucleocapsid) appeared to have some effect on average sensitivity in the first weeks after onset but there was no clear evidence of an effect during convalescent-phase infection. Investigations of test performance by brand showed considerable variation in sensitivity between tests, and in results between studies evaluating the same test. For tests that were evaluated in 200 or more samples, the lower bound of the 95% CI for sensitivity was 90% or more for only a small number of tests (IgG, n = 5; IgG or IgM, n = 1; total antibodies, n = 4). More test brands met the MHRA minimum criteria for specificity of 98% or above (IgG, n = 16; IgG or IgM, n = 5; total antibodies, n = 7). Seven assays met the specified criteria for both sensitivity and specificity. In a low-prevalence (2%) setting, where antibody testing is used to diagnose COVID-19 in people with symptoms but who have had a negative PCR test, we would anticipate that 1 (1 to 2) case would be missed and 8 (5 to 15) would be falsely positive in 1000 people undergoing IgG or IgM testing in week three after onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a seroprevalence survey, where prevalence of prior infection is 50%, we would anticipate that 51 (46 to 58) cases would be missed and 6 (5 to 7) would be falsely positive in 1000 people having IgG tests during the convalescent phase (21 to 100 days post-symptom onset or post-positive PCR) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Some antibody tests could be a useful diagnostic tool for those in whom molecular- or antigen-based tests have failed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including in those with ongoing symptoms of acute infection (from week three onwards) or those presenting with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. However, antibody tests have an increasing likelihood of detecting an immune response to infection as time since onset of infection progresses and have demonstrated adequate performance for detection of prior infection for sero-epidemiological purposes. The applicability of results for detection of vaccination-induced antibodies is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilly Fox
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julia Geppert
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie Scandrett
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacob Bigio
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Giorgia Sulis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dineshani Hettiarachchi
- Department of Anatomy Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Yasith Mathangasinghe
- Department of Anatomy Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Praveen Weeratunga
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Brian S Buckley
- Cochrane Response, Cochrane, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Clare Davenport
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Cunningham
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Mariska Mg Leeflang
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - René Spijker
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Struyf
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van den Bruel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Y Verbakel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Taylor-Phillips
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Svačina MKR, Meißner A, Schweitzer F, Ladwig A, Sprenger‐Svačina A, Klein I, Wüstenberg H, Kohle F, Schneider C, Grether NB, Wunderlich G, Fink GR, Klein F, Di Cristanziano V, Lehmann HC. Antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination in intravenous immunoglobulin-treated immune neuropathies. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:3380-3388. [PMID: 35842740 PMCID: PMC9349681 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study assessed the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in therapeutic immunoglobulin and their impact on serological response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)-treated chronic immune neuropathies. METHODS Forty-six samples of different brands or lots of IVIg or subcutaneous IgG were analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Blood sera from 16 patients with immune neuropathies were prospectively analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, and IgM before and 1 week after IVIg infusion subsequent to consecutive COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses and after 12 weeks. These were compared to 42 healthy subjects. RESULTS Twenty-four (52%) therapeutic immunoglobulin samples contained anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. All patients with immune neuropathies (mean age = 65 ± 16 years, 25% female) were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after COVID-19 vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA titers significantly decreased 12-14 weeks after vaccination (p = 0.02), whereas IgG titers remained stable (p = 0.2). IVIg did not significantly reduce intraindividual anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG serum titers in immune neuropathies (p = 0.69). IVIg-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG did not alter serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG decrease after IVIg administration (p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that IVIg does not impair the antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a short-term observation, when administered a minimum of 2 weeks after each vaccine dose. The infusion of current IVIg preparations that contain anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG does not significantly alter serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K. R. Svačina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anika Meißner
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Finja Schweitzer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anne Ladwig
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Alina Sprenger‐Svačina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Hauke Wüstenberg
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Felix Kohle
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Nicolai B. Grether
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center JuelichInstitute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JuelichGermany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn‐CologneCologneGermany
| | - Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Helmar C. Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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Socan M, Prosenc K, Kukec A, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Remec T, Grmek-Kosnik I. Determinants of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in hospital staff in the second wave of the pandemic in Slovenia. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:571-584. [PMID: 35856815 PMCID: PMC10464744 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) affected a disproportionately high percentage of healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in nurses and clinicians working in 2 Slovenian regional hospitals, and to identify the factors associated with seropositivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was designed as a crosssectional study. Clinicians and nurses were invited to participate in November-December 2020. The respondents (813, 65.8%) completed a questionnaire and consented to provide 10 ml of blood for determining the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. RESULTS The authors observed a seroprevalence rate of 20.4%. The results of the univariate analysis proved that the age of a nurse or clinician was the factor most strongly associated with seropositivity - in fact, the youngest nurses and clinicians were 8.33 times more likely to be seropositive than those in the oldest age group (p = 0.041). Being in contact with a family/household member who was SARS-CoV-2-positive was also a very important factor. In the work-related factors group, being in the contact with a SARS-CoV-2-positive colleague (OR = 2.35, p = 0.026) or being in contact with a COVID-19 patient (OR = 1.96, p = 0.004) correlated with seropositivity. In the primary work location/department group, the only significant association appeared among those working in surgical, ENT or ophthalmology departments. The results of the multivariate analysis further supported the thesis that the age of nurses and clinicians was the factor most strongly associated with seropositivity. The youngest nurses and clinicians were 12.5 times more likely to be seropositive than those in the oldest age group (p = 0.024). Being in contact with a SARS-CoV-2-positive family/household member remained the second most important factor. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of clinicians and nurses working in secondary healthcare were infected in the first 9 months of the pandemic. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(5):571-84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Centre for Communicable Diseases)
| | - Katarina Prosenc
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Laboratory for Public Health Virology)
| | - Andreja Kukec
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Medical Faculty, Chair for Public Health)
| | | | - Tatjana Remec
- Novo Mesto General Hospital, Novo Mesto, Slovenia (Department for Infectious Diseases)
| | - Irena Grmek-Kosnik
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, Kranj, Slovenia (Laboratory for Human Microbiology)
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Wang J, Yang X, Wang X, Wang W. Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas-Based Biosensors for Protein Detection. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100512. [PMID: 36290480 PMCID: PMC9598526 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is an acquired immune system found in prokaryotes that can accurately recognize and cleave foreign nucleic acids, and has been widely explored for gene editing and biosensing. In the past, CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors were mainly applied to detect nucleic acids in the field of biosensing, and their applications for the detection of other types of analytes were usually overlooked such as small molecules and disease-related proteins. The recent work shows that CRISPR/Cas biosensors not only provide a new tool for protein analysis, but also improve the sensitivity and specificity of protein detections. However, it lacks the latest review to summarize CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for protein detection and elucidate their mechanisms of action, hindering the development of superior biosensors for proteins. In this review, we summarized CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for protein detection based on their mechanism of action in three aspects: antibody-assisted CRISPR/Cas-based protein detection, aptamer-assisted CRISPR/Cas-based protein detection, and miscellaneous CRISPR/Cas-based methods for protein detection, respectively. Moreover, the prospects and challenges for CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for protein detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai 201100, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Xifang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai 201100, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai 201100, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai 201100, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (W.W.)
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Zlei M, Sidorov IA, Joosten SA, Heemskerk MHM, Myeni SK, Pothast CR, de Brouwer CS, Boomaars-van der Zanden AL, van Meijgaarden KE, Morales ST, Wessels E, Janse JJ, Goeman JJ, Cobbaert CM, Kroes ACM, Cannegieter SC, Roestenberg M, Visser LG, Kikkert M, Feltkamp MCW, Arbous SM, Staal FJT, Ottenhoff THM, van Dongen JJM, Roukens AHE, de Vries JJC. Immune Determinants of Viral Clearance in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: Reduced Circulating Naïve CD4+ T Cell Counts Correspond with Delayed Viral Clearance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172743. [PMID: 36078151 PMCID: PMC9455062 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific cellular and humoral responses are major determinants for protection from critical illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the magnitude of the contribution of each of the components to viral clearance remains unclear. Here, we studied the timing of viral clearance in relation to 122 immune parameters in 102 hospitalised patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 in a longitudinal design. Delayed viral clearance was associated with more severe disease and was associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific (neutralising) antibodies over time, increased numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and a range of pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines illustrating ongoing, partially Th2 dominating, immune activation. In contrast, early viral clearance and less critical illness correlated with the peak of neutralising antibodies, higher levels of CD4 T cells, and in particular naïve CD4+ T cells, suggesting their role in early control of SARS-CoV-2 possibly by proving appropriate B cell help. Higher counts of naïve CD4+ T cells also correlated with lower levels of MIF, IL-9, and TNF-beta, suggesting an indirect role in averting prolonged virus-induced tissue damage. Collectively, our data show that naïve CD4+ T cell play a critical role in rapid viral T cell control, obviating aberrant antibody and cytokine profiles and disease deterioration. These data may help in guiding risk stratification for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Zlei
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Igor A. Sidorov
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cilia R. Pothast
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline S. de Brouwer
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Linda Boomaars-van der Zanden
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Krista E. van Meijgaarden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shessy T. Morales
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els Wessels
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J. Goeman
- Medical Statistics Section, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christa M. Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aloys C. M. Kroes
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardus G. Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sesmu M. Arbous
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna H. E. Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jutte J. C. de Vries
- Clinical Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Tomaselli V, Ferrara P, Cantone GG, Romeo AC, Rust S, Saitta D, Caraci F, Romano C, Thangaraju M, Zuccarello P, Rose J, Ferrante M, Belsey J, Cibella F, Caci G, Ferri R, Polosa R. The effect of laboratory-verified smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from the Troina sero-epidemiological survey. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1617-1630. [PMID: 35419722 PMCID: PMC9007731 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous research yielded conflicting results on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since the prevalence of smoking is high globally, the study of its impact on COVID-19 pandemic may have considerable implications for public health. This study is the first to investigate the association between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody sero-positivity and biochemically verified smoking status, to refine current estimates on this association. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and serum cotinine levels (a well-known marker of tobacco exposure) were assessed in a large sero-epidemiological survey conducted in the town of Troina (Sicily, Italy). A propensity score matching was carried out to reduce the effect of possible factors on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among study participants. Of the 1785 subjects included in our study, one-third was classified as current smokers, based on serum cotinine levels. The overall proportion of subjects with positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 5.4%. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity and previous COVID-19 diagnosis were reduced in smokers. This reduced prevalence persisted after adjusting for possible confounders (such as sex, age, previous infection, chronic conditions, and risk group) at regression analyses, and the point estimates based on the PS-matched models resulted consistent with those for the unmatched population. This study found a lower proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 serology among current smokers, using direct laboratory measures of tobacco exposure and thus avoiding possible bias associated with self-reported smoking status. Results may also serve as a reference for future clinical research on potential pharmaceutical role of nicotine or nicotinic-cholinergic agonists against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Tomaselli
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulio G Cantone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Ettore Majorana", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sonja Rust
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Saitta
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Murugesan Thangaraju
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Center for Smoking Cessation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jed Rose
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Center for Smoking Cessation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Cibella
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Grazia Caci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Institute of Internal Medicine, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Via S. Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy.
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Ongoing Mycophenolate Treatment Impairs Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Patients Affected by Chronic Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases or Liver Transplantation Recipients: Results of the RIVALSA Prospective Cohort. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081766. [PMID: 36016388 PMCID: PMC9413351 DOI: 10.3390/v14081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective means to prevent the potentially deadly effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not all vaccinated individuals gain the same degree of protection. Patients undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy due to autoimmune diseases or liver transplants, for example, may show impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after vaccination. We performed a prospective observational study with parallel arms, aiming to (a) evaluate seroconversion after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine administration in different subgroups of patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment for rheumatological or autoimmune diseases or to prevent organ rejection after liver transplantation and (b) identify negative predictors of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 development. Out of 437 eligible patients, 183 individuals were enrolled at the Rheumatology and Hepatology Tertiary Units of “Maggiore della Carità” University Hospital in Novara: of those, 52 were healthy subjects, while among the remaining 131 patients, 30 had a diagnosis of spondyloarthritis, 25 had autoimmune hepatitis, 10 were liver transplantation recipients, 23 suffered from connective tissue diseases (including 10 cases that overlapped with other diseases), 40 were treated for rheumatoid arthritis, and 5 had vasculitis. Moreover, all patients were receiving chronic immunosuppressive therapy. The immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers before vaccination and after 10, 30, and 90 days since the first dose administration. Of the selected cohort of patients, 24.0% did not develop any detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after a complete mRNA-based two doses primary vaccination cycle. At univariate analysis, independent predictors of an absent antibody response to vaccine were a history of liver transplantation (OR 11.5, 95% CI 2.5−53.7, p = 0.0018), the presence of a comorbid active neoplasia (OR 26.4, 95% CI 2.8−252.4, p = 0.0045), and an ongoing immunosuppressive treatment with mycophenolate (MMF) (OR 14.0, 95% CI 3.6−54.9, p = 0.0002) or with calcineurin inhibitors (OR 17.5, 95% CI 3.1−99.0, p = 0.0012). At multivariate analysis, only treatment with MMF (OR 24.8, 95% CI 5.9−103.2, p < 0.0001) and active neoplasia (OR 33.2, 95% CI 5.4−204.1, p = 0.0002) were independent predictors of seroconversion failure. These findings suggest that MMF dose reduction or suspension may be required to optimize vaccine response in these patients.
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Leone V, Meisinger C, Temizel S, Kling E, Gerstlauer M, Frühwald MC, Burkhardt K. Longitudinal change in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in 3-to 16-year-old children: The Augsburg Plus study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272874. [PMID: 35951611 PMCID: PMC9371315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Currently, more than 30,200,000 COVID-19 cases have been diagnosed in Germany alone. However, data regarding prevalence of COVID-19 in children, both in Germany and internationally, are sparse. We sought to evaluate the number of infected children by measuring IgG antibodies.
Methods
Oropharyngeal swabs were collected between December 2020 and August 2021 to measure SARS-CoV-2, and capillary blood for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (by rapid test NADAL® and filter paper test Euroimmun® ELISA); venous blood was taken for validation (Roche® ECLIA and recomLine Blot) in 365 German children aged 3–16 years from 30 schools and preschools. We used multiple serological tests because the filter paper test Euroimmun® ELISA performs better in terms of sensitivity and specificity than the rapid test NADAL®. The Roche® ECLIA test is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and the recomLine Blot test is used to rule out the possibility of infection by seasonal SARS-viruses and to test for specific SARS-CoV-2 proteins (NP, RBD and S1). In addition, one parent each (n = 336), and 4–5 teachers/caregivers (n = 90) per institution were tested for IgG antibodies from capillary blood samples. The total study duration was 4 months per child, including the first follow-up after 2 months and the second after 4 months.
Results
Of 364 children tested at baseline, 3.6% (n = 13) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using Euroimmun® ELISA. Seven children reported previously testing positive for SARS-CoV-2; each of these was confirmed by the Roche® Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ECLIA (antibody to spike protein 1) test. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies persisted over a 4-month period, but levels decreased significantly (p = 0.004) within this timeframe. The median IgG values were 192.0 BAU/ml [127.2; 288.2], 123.6 BAU/ml [76.6; 187.7] and 89.9 BAU/ml [57.4; 144.2] at baseline, 2 months and 4 months after baseline, respectively. During the study period, no child tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by oropharyngeal swab. A total of 4.3% of all parents and 3.7% of teachers/caregivers tested positive for IgG antibodies by Euroimmun® ELISA at baseline.
Conclusion
We noted a rather low seroprevalence in children despite an under-reporting of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Measurement of IgG antibodies derived from capillary blood appears to be a valid tool to detect asymptomatic infections in children. However, no asymptomatic active infection was detected during the study period of 4 months in the whole cohort. Further data on SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are needed, especially in the group of <5-year-olds, as there is currently no licensed vaccine for this age group in Germany. The Robert Koch Institute’s Standing Commission on Vaccination (STIKO) recommended COVID-19 vaccination for 12–17 and 5–11 year olds in August 2021 and May 2022 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Leone
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Selin Temizel
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kling
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerstlauer
- Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael C. Frühwald
- Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Burkhardt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Sputnik-V reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the blood and mucosa: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13207. [PMID: 35915123 PMCID: PMC9342835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sputnik-V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is a heterologous, recombinant adenoviral (rAdv) vector-based, COVID-19 vaccine now used in > 70 countries. Yet there is a shortage of data on this vaccine's performance in diverse populations. Here, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the reactogenicity and immunologic outcomes of Sputnik-V vaccination in Kazakhstan. COVID-19-free participants (n = 82 at baseline) were followed at day 21 after Sputnik-V dose 1 (rAd5) and dose 2 (rAd26). Self-reported local and systemic adverse events were captured using questionnaires. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to perform SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and immunologic assays. We observed that most of the reported adverse events were mild-to-moderate injection site or systemic reactions, no severe or potentially life-threatening conditions were reported, and dose 1 appeared to be more reactogenic than dose 2. The seroconversion rate was 97% post-dose 1, remaining the same post-dose 2. The proportion of participants with detectable virus neutralization was 83% post-dose 1, increasing to 98% post-dose 2, with the largest relative increase observed in participants without prior COVID-19 exposure. Dose 1 boosted nasal S-IgG and S-IgA, while the boosting effect of dose 2 on mucosal S-IgG, but not S-IgA, was only observed in subjects without prior COVID-19. Systemically, vaccination reduced serum levels of growth regulated oncogene (GRO), which correlated with an elevation in blood platelet count. Overall, Sputnik-V dose 1 elicited both blood and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity, while the immune boosting effect of dose 2 was minimal. Thus, adjustments to the current vaccine dosing regimen are necessary to optimize immunization efficacy and cost-effectiveness. While Sputnik-V reactogenicity is similar to that of other COVID-19 vaccines, the induced alterations to the GRO/platelet axis warrant investigation of the vaccine’s effects on systemic immunology.
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50
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Kadyrova I, Yegorov S, Negmetzhanov B, Kolesnikova Y, Kolesnichenko S, Korshukov I, Akhmaltdinova L, Vazenmiller D, Stupina Y, Kabildina N, Ashimova A, Raimbekova A, Turmukhambetova A, Miller MS, Hortelano G, Babenko D. High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Karaganda, Kazakhstan before the launch of COVID-19 vaccination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272008. [PMID: 35895743 PMCID: PMC9328563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 exposure in Central Asia appears underestimated and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data are urgently needed to inform ongoing vaccination efforts and other strategies to mitigate the regional pandemic. Here, in a pilot serologic study we assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody-mediated immunity in a multi-ethnic cohort of public university employees in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. Asymptomatic subjects (n = 100) were recruited prior to their first COVID-19 vaccination. Questionnaires were administered to capture a range of demographic and clinical characteristics. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testing. Serological assays were performed to detect spike (S)-reactive IgG and IgA and to assess virus neutralization. Pre-pandemic samples were used to validate the assay positivity thresholds. S-IgG and -IgA seropositivity rates among SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative participants (n = 100) were 42% (95% CI [32.2-52.3]) and 59% (95% CI [48.8-69.0]), respectively, and 64% (95% CI [53.4-73.1]) of the cohort tested positive for at least one of the antibodies. S-IgG titres correlated with virus neutralization activity, detectable in 49% of the tested subset with prior COVID-19 history. Serologically confirmed history of COVID-19 was associated with Kazakh ethnicity, but not with other ethnic minorities present in the cohort, and self-reported history of respiratory illness since March 2020. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 exposure in this cohort was ~15-fold higher compared to the reported all-time national and regional COVID-19 prevalence, consistent with recent studies of excess infection and death in Kazakhstan. Continuous serological surveillance provides important insights into COVID-19 transmission dynamics and may be used to better inform the regional public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kadyrova
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
- * E-mail: (IK); (SY)
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- * E-mail: (IK); (SY)
| | - Baurzhan Negmetzhanov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Ilya Korshukov
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Yelena Stupina
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Naylya Kabildina
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Assem Ashimova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Raimbekova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Matthew S. Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Babenko
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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