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El Khalifi M, Britton T. SIRS epidemics with individual heterogeneity of immunity waning. J Theor Biol 2024; 587:111815. [PMID: 38614211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In the current paper we analyse an extended SIRS epidemic model in which immunity at the individual level wanes gradually at exponential rate, but where the waning rate may differ between individuals, for instance as an effect of differences in immune systems. The model also includes vaccination schemes aimed to reach and maintain herd immunity. We consider both the informed situation where the individual waning parameters are known, thus allowing selection of vaccinees being based on both time since last vaccination as well as on the individual waning rate, and the more likely uninformed situation where individual waning parameters are unobserved, thus only allowing vaccination schemes to depend on time since last vaccination. The optimal vaccination policies for both the informed and uniformed heterogeneous situation are derived and compared with the homogeneous waning model (meaning all individuals have the same immunity waning rate), as well as to the classic SIRS model where immunity at the individual level drops from complete immunity to complete susceptibility in one leap. It is shown that the classic SIRS model requires least vaccines, followed by the SIRS with homogeneous gradual waning, followed by the informed situation for the model with heterogeneous gradual waning. The situation requiring most vaccines for herd immunity is the most likely scenario, that immunity wanes gradually with unobserved individual heterogeneity. For parameter values chosen to mimic COVID-19 and assuming perfect initial immunity and cumulative immunity of 12 months, the classic homogeneous SIRS epidemic suggests that vaccinating individuals every 15 months is sufficient to reach and maintain herd immunity, whereas the uninformed case for exponential waning with rate heterogeneity corresponding to a coefficient of variation being 0.5, requires that individuals instead need to be vaccinated every 4.4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Khalifi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 300 50, Morocco; Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.
| | - Tom Britton
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
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Ye T, Zhou J, Guo C, Zhang K, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Xie Y, Li E, Gong R, Zhang J, Chuai X, Chiu S. Polyvalent mpox mRNA vaccines elicit robust immune responses and confer potent protection against vaccinia virus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114269. [PMID: 38787725 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2022 mpox outbreak led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). There is a need to develop more effective and safer mpox virus (MPXV)-specific vaccines in response to the mpox epidemic. The mRNA vaccine is a promising platform to protect against MPXV infection. In this study, we construct two bivalent MPXV mRNA vaccines, designated LBA (B6R-A29L) and LAM (A35R-M1R), and a quadrivalent mRNA vaccine, LBAAM (B6R-A35R-A29L-M1R). The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines alone or in combination were evaluated in a lethal mouse model. All mRNA vaccine candidates could elicit potential antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and provide protection against vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. The protective effect of the combination of two bivalent mRNA vaccines and the quadrivalent vaccine was superior to that of the individual bivalent mRNA vaccine. Our study provides valuable insights for the development of more efficient and safer mRNA vaccines against mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinge Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Guangzhou Henovcom Bioscience Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Guangzhou Henovcom Bioscience Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Xie
- Guangzhou Henovcom Bioscience Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rui Gong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China.
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Xia Chuai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430207, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Haq MA, Roy AK, Ahmed R, Kuddusi RU, Sinha M, Hossain MS, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Kibria MG, Razzaque A, Raqib R, Sarker P. Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11467. [PMID: 38769324 PMCID: PMC11106241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rakib Ullah Kuddusi
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Sinha
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Golam Kibria
- Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Phornkittikorn P, Kantachuvesiri S, Sobhonslidsuk A, Yingchoncharoen T, Kiertiburanakul S, Bruminhent J. SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies, B Cell and T Cell Immune Responses after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:541. [PMID: 38793792 PMCID: PMC11125913 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 is essential for vulnerable solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who are at risk of infection. However, there are concerns about suboptimal immunogenicity, especially in humoral immunity (HMI), and limited exploration of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. The primary objective of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in SOT recipients. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate factors that affect immunogenicity and adverse events (AEs) following immunization in SOT recipients. METHODS All adult SOT recipients who received the two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine at a 12-week interval underwent measurements of HMI by evaluating anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG levels and CMI by investigating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and B cell responses before and after complete vaccination, around 2-4 weeks post-vaccination, and compared to controls. AEs were monitored in all participants. RESULTS The study included 63 SOT recipients: 44 kidney recipients, 16 liver recipients, and 3 heart transplant recipients, along with 11 immunocompetent controls. Among SOT recipients, 36% were female, and the median (IQR) age was 52 (42-61). The median (IQR) time since transplant was 55 (28-123) months. After the second dose, the median (IQR) anti-RBD antibody levels were significantly lower in SOT recipients compared to those in the control group (8.3 [0.4-46.0] vs. 272.2 [178.1-551.6] BAU/mL, p < 0.01). This resulted in a seroconversion rate (anti-RBD antibody > 7.1 BAU/mL) of 51% among SOT recipients and 100% among controls (p = 0.008). Receiving the vaccine beyond one year post-transplant significantly affected seroconversion (OR 9.04, 95% CI 1.04-78.56, p = 0.046), and low-dose mycophenolic acid marginally affected seroconversion (OR 2.67, 95% CI 0.89-7.96, p = 0.079). RBD-specific B cell responses were also significantly lower compared to those in the control group (0 [0-4] vs. 10 [6-22] SFUs/106 PBMCs, p = 0.001). Similarly, S1- and SNMO-specific T cell responses were significantly lower compared to those in the control group (48 [16-128] vs. 216 [132-356] SFUs/106 PBMCs, p = 0.004 and 20 [4-48] vs. 92 [72-320] SFUs/106 PBMCs, p = 0.004). AEs were generally mild and spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSIONS SOT recipients who received the full two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine demonstrated significantly diminished HMI and CMI responses compared to immunocompetent individuals. Consideration should be given to administering additional vaccine doses or optimizing immunosuppressant regimens during vaccination (Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20210523002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraphorn Phornkittikorn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Surasak Kantachuvesiri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Yingchoncharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Jackrapong Bruminhent
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (S.K.)
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Hwang LA, Vaithilingam S, Ng JWJ, Nair M, Ahmed P, Musa KI. The continuance intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: An empirical study from Malaysia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301383. [PMID: 38687718 PMCID: PMC11060549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination has been one of the most effective preventive strategies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as the COVID-19 vaccines' effect wanes off after some time and given their reduced level of protection against mutation strains of the virus, the calls for boosters and second boosters signal the need for continuous vaccination for the foreseeable future. As Malaysia transitions into the endemic phase, the nation's ability to co-exist with the virus in the endemic phase will hinge on people's continuance intention to be vaccinated against the virus. Adapting the expectations confirmation model (ECM) to the public health context and in a developing country, this study integrates the ECM with the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to examine the inter-relationships of the predictors of people's continuance intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. METHODOLOGY Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from 1,914 respondents aged 18 and above by a marketing consulting firm via its online panel. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Out of the 1,914 respondents, 55.9% reported having a continuance intention to vaccinate against COVID-19, similar to other developing countries. The multivariate analysis revealed that perceived usefulness and satisfaction significantly influenced individuals' continuance intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Additionally, attitude was found to play a key role in influencing behavioral change among individuals towards their perceptions of continuously getting vaccinated against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS By integrating three theoretical frameworks (i.e., HBM, TRA and ECM), this study showed that behavioral characteristics could provide insights towards continuance vaccination intention. Hence, policymakers and key stakeholders can develop effective public health strategies or interventions to encourage vaccine booster uptake by targeting behavioral factors such as perceived usefulness, attitude, satisfaction, and subjective norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ann Hwang
- Department of Business Analytics, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Santha Vaithilingam
- Sunway Institute for Global Strategy and Competitiveness, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Wei Jian Ng
- Department of Applied Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendhiran Nair
- Sunway Institute for Global Strategy and Competitiveness, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pervaiz Ahmed
- Sunway Institute for Global Strategy and Competitiveness, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Dhaliwal JS, Sekhon MS, Rajotia A, Dang AK, Singh PP, Bilal M, Sakthivel H, Ahmed R, Verma R, Ramphul K, Sethi PS. Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:597. [PMID: 38674243 PMCID: PMC11052327 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasninder Singh Dhaliwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manraj S. Sekhon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Arush Rajotia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashujot K. Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Prabh Partap Singh
- School of Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maham Bilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hemamalini Sakthivel
- One Brooklyn Health System/Interfaith Medical Ctr Program, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Part of Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Renuka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | | | - Prabhdeep S. Sethi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Sieghart D, Hana CA, Dürrschmid C, Heinz LX, Haslacher H, Zlesak M, Piccini G, Manenti A, Montomoli E, Jorda A, Fedrizzi C, Hasenoehrl T, Zdravkovic A, Anderle K, Wiedermann U, Drapalik S, Steinbrecher H, Bergmann F, Firbas C, Jordakieva G, Wagner B, Leonardi M, Pierleoni G, Ballini M, Benincasa L, Marchi S, Trombetta C, Perkmann T, Crevenna R, Zeitlinger M, Bonelli M, Aletaha D, Radner H. Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 booster vaccination: A population-based clinical trial to identify the best vaccination strategy. J Clin Virol 2024; 173:105661. [PMID: 38503118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) characterized by higher transmissibility and immune evasion have emerged. Despite reduced vaccine efficacy against VOCs, currently available vaccines provide protection. Population-based evidence on the humoral immune response after booster vaccination is crucial to guide future vaccination strategies and in preparation for imminent COVID-19 waves. METHODS This multicenter, population-based cohort study included 4697 individuals ≥18 years of age who received a booster vaccination. Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron variants were assessed at baseline (day of booster vaccination) and after four weeks. Safety was evaluated daily within the first week using a participant-completed electronic diary. Antibody levels were compared across different vaccination strategies, taking into account individual host factors. RESULTS Our main model including 3838 participants revealed that individuals who received a booster with mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2 vaccine had a significantly higher increase (95 %CI) in anti-RBD-antibody levels (37,707 BAU/mL [34,575-40,839] vs. 27,176 BAU/mL [26,265-28,087]), and of neutralization levels against WT (1,681 [1490-1872] vs. 1141 [1004-1278] and Omicron variant (422 [369-474] vs. 329 [284-374]). Neutralizing antibody titres highly correlated with anti-RBD antibodies, with neutralizing capacity 4.4 fold higher against WT compared to Omicron. No differences in safety were found between the two booster vaccines. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the superiority of a booster vaccination with mRNA-1273, independent of the primary vaccination and therefore provides guidance on the vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia A Hana
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Dürrschmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zlesak
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Vismederi srl, Siena, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fedrizzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Hasenoehrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Zdravkovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Anderle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Felix Bergmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Firbas
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helga Radner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Kim JS, Sun Y, Balte P, Cushman M, Boyle R, Tracy RP, Styer LM, Bell TD, Anderson MR, Allen NB, Schreiner PJ, Bowler RP, Schwartz DA, Lee JS, Xanthakis V, Doyle MF, Regan EA, Make BJ, Kanaya AM, Wenzel SE, Coresh J, Isasi CR, Raffield LM, Elkind MSV, Howard VJ, Ortega VE, Woodruff P, Cole SA, Henderson JM, Mantis NJ, Parker MM, Demmer RT, Oelsner EC. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1492. [PMID: 38374032 PMCID: PMC10876680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pallavi Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rebekah Boyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Styer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Taison D Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Barry J Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, and Department of Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Prescott Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Monica M Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Metzdorf K, Jacobsen H, Kim Y, Teixeira Alves LG, Kulkarni U, Eschke K, Chaudhry MZ, Hoffmann M, Bertoglio F, Ruschig M, Hust M, Cokarić Brdovčak M, Materljan J, Šustić M, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S, Widera M, Ciesek S, Pöhlmann S, Landthaler M, Čičin-Šain L. A single-dose MCMV-based vaccine elicits long-lasting immune protection in mice against distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2022.11.25.517953. [PMID: 36482969 PMCID: PMC9727759 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.25.517953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines against COVID-19 elicit immune responses that are overall strong but wane rapidly. As a consequence, the necessary booster shots have led to vaccine fatigue. Hence, vaccines that would provide lasting protection against COVID-19 are needed, but are still unavailable. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) elicit lasting and uniquely strong immune responses. Used as vaccine vectors, they may be attractive tools that obviate the need for boosters. Therefore, we tested the murine CMV (MCMV) as a vaccine vector against COVID-19 in relevant preclinical models of immunization and challenge. We have previously developed a recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) vaccine vector expressing the spike protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (MCMVS). In this study, we show that the MCMVS elicits a robust and lasting protection in young and aged mice. Notably, S-specific humoral and cellular immunity was not only maintained but even increased over a period of at least 6 months. During that time, antibody avidity continuously increased and expanded in breadth, resulting in neutralization of genetically distant variants, like Omicron BA.1. A single dose of MCMVS conferred rapid virus clearance upon challenge. Moreover, MCMVS vaccination controlled two immune-evading variants of concern (VoCs), the Beta (B.1.135) and the Omicron (BA.1) variants. Thus, CMV vectors provide unique advantages over other vaccine technologies, eliciting broadly reactive and long-lasting immune responses against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yeonsu Kim
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Upasana Kulkarni
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eschke
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Zeeshan Chaudhry
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Materljan
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Šustić
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External partner site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of HZI and MHH, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Rohit A, DSouza C, Kumar S, Ct M, V V, Perumal S, Philip M, George R, Karunasagar I. IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines AZD1222 and BBV-152 and breakthrough infections among health care workers in southern India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25528. [PMID: 38327428 PMCID: PMC10847638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies elicited in response to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining the protection achieved through vaccination. The present longitudinal study aims to assess the immune response generated through AZD1222 & BBV-152 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in a selected hospital. Serum IgG levels were measured approximately at 1.5 months and 6 months after the first and second vaccination. The final assessment was done 12 months after the first vaccination to analyse the sustained antibody levels. Results showed a progressive increase in antibody titres as a function of time. 26 HCWs in all had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, but their antibody titres were not significantly higher compared to COVID-19 naïve individuals. However, a comparative analysis showed considerably higher antibody titre in those who received the AZD1222 vaccine among this cohort. AZD1222 vaccination was significantly associated with seropositivity in the first and second assessments. Female HCWs showed significantly higher seropositivity, and participants above 60 years showed considerably reduced antibody titre in the first assessment. However, the final assessment showed no association with these variables, with 97.1 % of participants reporting to be seropositive. The results indicate good antibody response and potential protection against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Caroline DSouza
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Meenachi Ct
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Vinothini V
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Siva Perumal
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - M. Philip
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Raju George
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
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11
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Sun J, Zheng Q, Anzalone AJ, Abraham AG, Olex AL, Zhang Y, Mathew J, Safdar N, Haendel MA, Segev D, Islam JY, Singh JA, Mannon RB, Chute CG, Patel RC, Kirk GD. Effectiveness of mRNA Booster Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Severe Outcomes Among Persons With and Without Immune Dysfunction: A Retrospective Cohort Study of National Electronic Medical Record Data in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae019. [PMID: 38379569 PMCID: PMC10878052 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Real-world evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) booster effectiveness among patients with immune dysfunction are limited. Methods We included data from patients in the United States National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) who completed ≥2 doses of mRNA vaccination between 10 December 2020 and 27 May 2022. Immune dysfunction conditions included human immunodeficiency virus infection, solid organ or bone marrow transplant, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. We defined incident COVID-19 BTI as positive results from laboratory tests or diagnostic codes 14 days after at least 2 doses of mRNA vaccination; and severe COVID-19 BTI as hospitalization, invasive cardiopulmonary support, and/or death. We used propensity scores to match boosted versus nonboosted patients and evaluated hazards of incident and severe COVID-19 BTI using Cox regression after matching. Results Among patients without immune dysfunction, the relative effectiveness of booster (3 doses) after 6 months from the primary (2 doses) vaccination against BTI ranged from 69% to 81% during the Delta-predominant period and from 33% to 39% during the Omicron-predominant period. Relative effectiveness against BTI was lower among patients with immune dysfunction but remained statistically significant in both periods. Boosted patients had lower risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization (hazard ratios [HR] ranged from 0.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .48-.53] to 0.63 [95% CI, .56-.70]), invasive cardiopulmonary support, or death (HRs ranged from 0.46 [95% CI, .41-.52] to 0.63 [95% CI, .50-.79]) during both periods. Conclusions Booster vaccines remain effective against severe COVID-19 BTI throughout the Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods, regardless of patients' immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qulu Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfred J Anzalone
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy L Olex
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jomol Mathew
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dorry Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Y Islam
- Center for Immunization and Infection in Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena C Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Cervantes-Torres J, Cabello-Gutiérrez C, Ayón-Núñez DA, Soldevila G, Olguin-Alor R, Diaz G, Acero G, Segura-Velázquez R, Huerta L, Gracia-Mora I, Cobos L, Pérez-Tapia M, Almagro JC, Suárez-Güemes F, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Laclette JP. Caveats of chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccines to boost anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:179. [PMID: 38280035 PMCID: PMC10821985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines use adenovirus vectors to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Immunization with these vaccines promotes immunity against the S protein, but against also the adenovirus itself. This could interfere with the entry of the vaccine into the cell, reducing its efficacy. Herein, we evaluate the efficiency of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine (chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus, AZD1222) in boosting the specific immunity compared to that induced by a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based vaccine without viral vector. Mice immunized with the AZD1222 human vaccine were given a booster 6 months later, with either the homologous vaccine or a recombinant vaccine based on RBD of the delta variant, which was prevalent at the start of this study. A significant increase in anti-RBD antibody levels was observed in rRBD-boosted mice (31-61%) compared to those receiving two doses of AZD1222 (0%). Significantly higher rates of PepMix™- or RBD-elicited proliferation were also observed in IFNγ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells from mice boosted with one or two doses of RBD, respectively. The lower efficiency of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine in boosting specific immunity could be the result of a pre-existing anti-vector immunity, induced by increased levels of anti-adenovirus antibodies found both in mice and humans. Taken together, these results point to the importance of avoiding the recurrent use of the same adenovirus vector in individuals with immunity and memory against them. It also illustrates the disadvantages of ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine with respect to recombinant protein vaccines, which can be used without restriction in vaccine-booster programs. KEY POINTS: • ChAdOx1 adenovirus vaccine (AZD1222) may not be effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity • A recombinant RBD protein vaccine is effective in boosting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in mice • Antibodies elicited by the rRBD-delta vaccine persisted for up to 3 months in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Dolores-Adriana Ayón-Núñez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Georgina Diaz
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Acero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velázquez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Unidad de Experimentación Preclínica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cobos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Almagro
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapeúticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Suárez-Güemes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Jiang W, Maldeney AR, Yuan X, Richer MJ, Renshaw SE, Luo W. Ipsilateral immunization after a prior SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits superior B cell responses compared to contralateral immunization. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113665. [PMID: 38194344 PMCID: PMC10851277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have proven to be pivotal in the fight against COVID-19. A recommended booster, given 3 to 4 weeks post the initial vaccination, can substantially amplify protective antibody levels. Here, we show that, compared to contralateral boost, ipsilateral boost of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induces more germinal center B cells (GCBCs) specific to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and generates more bone marrow plasma cells. Ipsilateral boost can more rapidly generate high-affinity RBD-specific antibodies with improved cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant. Mechanistically, the ipsilateral boost promotes the positive selection and plasma cell differentiation of pre-existing GCBCs from the prior vaccination, associated with the expansion of T follicular helper cells. Furthermore, we show that ipsilateral immunization with an unrelated antigen after a prior mRNA vaccination enhances the germinal center and antibody responses to the new antigen compared to contralateral immunization. These findings propose feasible approaches to optimize vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander R Maldeney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology (CCEH), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott E Renshaw
- Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology (CCEH), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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14
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang J, Feng J, Huang Y, Zhou B, Li B, Zhang R. Ginseng Polysaccharide Enhances the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1833. [PMID: 38140237 PMCID: PMC10747565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remarkably accelerated vaccine research progress. The role of adjuvants in enhancing vaccine immune intensity and influencing immune types has been considered. Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS) has been demonstrated to have strong immunoregulatory properties. It is important to explore the feasibility of adding GPS to vaccine adjuvant components to improve the immune response effect of RBD vaccines. Here, we prepared a SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen using the Escherichia coli expression system and determined that subcutaneous administration of GPS at a dose of 40 mg/kg could effectively activate dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦ) in mice. Compared with the RBD group, the RBD+GPS triggered stronger and persistent antibody responses. It is also notable that higher levels of RBD-specific IgG and IgA were distributed in the lungs of RBD+GPS-immunized BALB/c mice. In addition, the RBD+GPS also resulted in lower percentages of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and higher percentages of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells and CD8+ Tcm cells. These results suggest that GPS could be a promising vaccine immuno-enhancer for SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccines to establish stronger systemic and pulmonary mucosal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bing Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.F.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
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16
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Meca-Lallana V, Esparcia-Pinedo L, Aguirre C, Díaz-Pérez C, Gutierrez-Cobos A, Sobrado M, Carabajal E, Río BD, Ropero N, Villagrasa R, Vivancos J, Sanchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A. Analysis of humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with immunomodulatory drugs. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:6-13. [PMID: 38014396 PMCID: PMC9898989 DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by measuring specific IgG titers and T-cell reactivity to different SARS-CoV-2 peptides in multiple sclerosis patients taking different disease-modifying treatments. Of the 88 patients included, 72 developed any kind of immune response after vaccination. Although DMTs such as fingolimod and anti-CD20+ treatments prevented patients from developing a robust humoral response to the vaccine, most of them were still able to develop a cellular response, which could be crucial for long-term immunity. It is probably advisable that all MS patients take additional/booster doses to increase their humoral and/or cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Meca-Lallana
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Immunology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aguirre
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Díaz-Pérez
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Gutierrez-Cobos
- Microbiology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Sobrado
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Carabajal
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Río
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Ropero
- Immunology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Villagrasa
- Preventive Medicine Unit. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Vivancos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Department. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lee IJ, Lan YH, Wu PY, Wu YW, Chen YH, Tseng SC, Kuo TJ, Sun CP, Jan JT, Ma HH, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Chang CS, Liu WC, Ko YA, Chen YH, Sie ZL, Tsung SI, Lin YL, Wang IH, Tao MH. A receptor-binding domain-based nanoparticle vaccine elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2149353. [PMID: 36395071 PMCID: PMC9793938 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2149353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vaccines have been developed to address the current COVID-19 pandemic, but safety, cross-neutralizing efficacy, and long-term protectivity of currently approved vaccines are still important issues. In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine, ASD254, by using a nanoparticle vaccine platform to encapsulate the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein. As compared with the aluminum-adjuvant RBD vaccine, ASD254 induced higher titers of RBD-specific antibodies and generated 10- to 30-fold more neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with ASD254 showed protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable infectious viral loads and reduced typical lesions in lung. Besides, neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice lasted for at least one year and were effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential of ASD254 remained stable after 8-month storage at 4°C. Thus, ASD254 is a promising nanoparticle vaccine with good immunogenicity and stability to be developed as an effective vaccine option in controlling upcoming waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Mi-Hua Tao Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei115, Taiwan
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18
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Gisondi P, Simon D, Alarcon I, Pournara E, Puig L. Immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in patients receiving secukinumab: a literature review. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2167487. [PMID: 36625506 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2167487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: There is a paucity of evidence on the impact of immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) treatments on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The purpose of this literature review is to address the question of whether patients with IMIDs receiving secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, have an adequate immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Materials and Methods: Clinical studies that evaluated the effect of secukinumab on immune responses in patients with IMIDs after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were searched in publication databases, including Medline and Embase, until May 2022. Results: From the 53 articles identified, a total of 11 articles were included. Overall, the majority of the patients treated with secukinumab elicited an adequate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Patients receiving secukinumab for IMIDs developed cellular immune responses following vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine, and there were no significant differences in the overall humoral and cellular immune responses between patients and healthy individuals. The third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine resulted in a positive antibody response in secukinumab-treated patients. Conclusion: The available data provide no evidence of impairment in immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines by secukinumab in patients with IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Suita A, Ohfuji S, Kasamatsu A, Kondo K, Nakata H, Kita T, Deguchi A, Fujimoto M, Iba K, Sakamoto H, Iwasaka K, Sakamoto N, Sakamoto H, Yodoi Y, Kido Y, Nakagama Y, Konishi A, Mukai E, Matsumoto K, Matsuura T, Kase T, Kakeya H, Fukushima W, Hirota Y. Antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100412. [PMID: 38161985 PMCID: PMC10755108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate antibody responses against the primary series of vaccination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2] vaccines in the staff and residents of Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities. Methods All subjects (159 staff and 96 residents) received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 3 weeks apart. Baseline data of subject were collected using a structured form. Serum samples were collected three times: before vaccination, 3 weeks after the first dose, and 4 weeks after the second dose, and anti-receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 [anti-RBD] IgG was measured using two immunoassays. Results After the second dose, geometric mean titers [GMT] of anti-RBD with both the Abbott and Roche assay were significantly lower in residents than staff (2282 AU/mL vs. 8505 AU/mL, and 258 U/mL vs. 948 U/mL, respectively). Multivariate analysis of characteristics affecting antibody responses (≥1280 AU/mL for Abbott and > 210 U/mL for Roche) showed lower odds ratios [ORs] for older age (adjusted OR per 10 year increase [aOR] = 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI]; 0.38-1.02), steroid usage (aOR = 0.09, 95 %CI; 0.01-0.60) and regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] usage (aOR = 0.16, 95 %CI; 0.03-0.88). Conclusions Elderly people and steroid and NSAID users had lower antibody responses following the second vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asae Suita
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ayane Kasamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kondo
- Management Bureau, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakata
- Keai Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 112, Hara, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-1051, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kita
- Yuai Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 2-2-58, Tsukuda, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 555-0001, Japan
| | - Akifumi Deguchi
- Kouseien Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 3-1-16, Imafuku-Nishi, Joto-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 536-0004, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujimoto
- Tamagushi-sumire-en Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 3-2-3, Tamagushicho-Nishi, HigashiOsaka-city, Osaka 578-0934, Japan
| | - Kazuko Iba
- Tsukumo Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-7-2, Tsukumodai, Suita-city, Osaka 565-0862, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakamoto
- Sayamanosato Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 2-185-11, Iwamuro, Osakasayama city 589-0032, Japan
| | - Kaori Iwasaka
- Sakuragawa Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-10-13, Sakuragawa, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 556-0022, Japan
| | - Noboru Sakamoto
- Yukyuen Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 5-1, Yamatake, Yao-city, Osaka 581-0864, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sakamoto
- Yukyuen Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 5-1, Yamatake, Yao-city, Osaka 581-0864, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yodoi
- Kuwanomi Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-4-5, Kuwadu, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 546-0041, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ayako Konishi
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Emiko Mukai
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoka Matsuura
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kase
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Clinical Infection Control, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Medical Co. LTA (SOUSEIKAI), 3-6-1, Kashii-Teriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan
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20
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Malavazos AE, Dubini C, Milani V, Boveri S, Meregalli C, Bertolini C, Buscemi C, Cardani R, Renna LV, Trevisan MB, Scravaglieri V, Cuppone MT, Menicanti L, Costa E, Ambrogi F, Ruocco C, Carruba M, Iacobellis G, Nisoli E, Corsi Romanelli MM. BNT162b2 Booster Dose Elicits a Robust Antibody Response in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 38140200 PMCID: PMC10747120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term durability of the induced immune response in subjects with obesity, particularly in those with an abdominal distribution of adipose tissue. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccine booster dose, comparing individuals with and without abdominal obesity (AO), discerning between individuals previously infected or not. IgG-TrimericS were measured in 511 subjects at baseline, on the 21st day after vaccine dose 1, and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months from dose 2, and at 1 and 3 months following the booster dose. To detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, nucleocapsid antibodies were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the three-month difference in the absolute variation in IgG-TrimericS levels from booster dose, showing AO and SARS-CoV-2 infection status interactions (p = 0.016). Regardless of possible confounding factors and IgG-TrimericS levels at the booster dose, AO is associated with a higher absolute change in IgG-TrimericS in prior infected individuals (p = 0.0125). In the same regression model, no interaction is highlighted using BMI (p = 0.418). The robust response in the development of antibodies after booster dose, observed in people with AO and previous infection, may support the recommendations to administer a booster dose in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Milani
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Boveri
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | | | - Carola Buscemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, V. Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Manuel Bruno Trevisan
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Scravaglieri
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Cuppone
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costa
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Michele Carruba
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 00133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy
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21
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Alghamdi A, Wani K, Alnaami AM, Al-Daghri NM. Dose Intervals and Time since Final Dose on Changes in Metabolic Indices after COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1746. [PMID: 38140151 PMCID: PMC10748310 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development and implementation of COVID-19 vaccines merit understanding its effects on metabolic indices. This retrospective longitudinal study investigated the influence of first-to-second-dose intervals and time since the final dose on the metabolic indices of individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccinations. A total of 318 Saudi subjects (59.7% females) aged 12-60 years received COVID-19 vaccines via the national vaccination program. We collected the anthropometric data and fasting blood samples at specific time points before vaccination and after the final vaccination dose, and biochemical metabolic indices, including glucose and lipid profile, were measured. We also collected the dates of vaccination and COVID-19 history during the study period. The participants were stratified into groups based on first-to-second-dose intervals and time since the final dose to compare pre-and post-vaccination changes in metabolic indices between the groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed no differences in pre- to post-vaccination metabolic status between groups based on first-to-second-dose intervals in either adolescents or adults. However, shorter intervals (≤6 months) between the final dose and follow-up were associated with a decrease in total cardiometabolic components, especially triglyceride levels (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: (0.22-0.68), p < 0.001) than longer intervals (>6 months) in adults. In conclusion, time duration since final dose was associated with pre- to post-vaccination changes in metabolic indices, especially triglyceride levels, indicating that post-vaccination improvements wane over time. Further research is needed to validate the observed relationship, as it may contribute to optimizing vaccine effectiveness and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Wang CC, Young YH. Comparing the recurrence of audio-vestibular disorders following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 vs. those following vaccine administration. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103970. [PMID: 37467676 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The term "breakthrough infection" of COVID-19 indicates that subjects who previously received COVID-19 vaccination became infected with COVID-19. This study compared the recurrence of audio-vestibular disorders following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 vs. those following vaccine administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with previous known audio-vestibular disorders visited our clinic due to recurrence of inner ear symptoms following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 and were assigned to Group A. Another 50 patients who had recurrent inner ear symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination were assigned to Group B for comparison. The post-breakthrough infection interval is defined from date of breakthrough infection to the onset of inner ear symptoms, while the post-vaccination interval means the time from date of vaccination to the onset of inner ear symptoms. These two intervals were calculated and then compared. RESULTS The time from latest vaccination to the breakthrough infection of COVID-19 was 4 m (median), likely due to waning of IgG response. To the onset of inner ear symptoms, the post-breakthrough infection interval was 40d (median) for Group A, which was significantly longer than 10d (median) of the post-vaccination interval for Group B. CONCLUSION The post-breakthrough infection interval (median, 40d) is significantly longer than the post-vaccination interval (median, 10d) to exacerbate pre-existing audio-vestibular disorders. The reason is probably because an interval of 40d is related to IgG peak response following COVID-19 breakthrough infection, while that of 10d is responsible for IgG production after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ho Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Seow J, Shalim ZA, Graham C, Kimuda S, Pillai A, Lechmere T, Kurshan A, Khimji AM, Snell LB, Nebbia G, Mant C, Waters A, Fox J, Malim MH, Doores KJ. Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies are elicited in vaccinated individuals following Delta/BA.1 breakthrough infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0120623. [PMID: 37747187 PMCID: PMC10653880 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01206-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, there has been an increase in infections in vaccinated individuals. Here, we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals experiencing a breakthrough infection (Delta or BA.1) to determine how exposure to a heterologous Spike broadens the neutralizing antibody response at the monoclonal level. All mAbs isolated had reactivity to the Spike of the vaccine and infection variant. While many mAbs showed reduced neutralization of current circulating variants, we identified mAbs with broad and potent neutralization of BA.2.75.2, XBB, XBB.1.5, and BQ.1.1 indicating the presence of conserved epitopes on Spike. These results indicate that variant-based vaccine boosters have the potential to broaden the vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zayed A. Shalim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kimuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aswin Pillai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lechmere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwini Kurshan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atika M. Khimji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke B. Snell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Mant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Biobank, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anele Waters
- Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Karl T, Schuster A, Stangassinger LM, Stiboller T, Cadamuro J, Oostingh GJ. Factors Affecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG Production after Vaccination and/or Disease: A Large-Scale Seroprevalence Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1615. [PMID: 37897017 PMCID: PMC10611123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying factors influencing SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels after vaccination and/or infection. Between January 2022 and March 2023, 2000 adults (≥18 years, Salzburg, Austria) participated in this population-based seroprevalence study by providing 3 mL of blood to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies using an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative assay and by completing a self-designed questionnaire including anthropometric factors, vaccination information, and medical history. For 77 of the participants, a time-course study up to 24 weeks post vaccination or quarantine end was performed. Convalescent-only subjects had the lowest median antibody titer (65.6 BAU/mL) compared to vaccinated and hybrid immunized subjects (p-value < 0.0001) The type of vaccine as well as vaccine combinations significantly influenced the levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-specific IgG, ranging from a median antibody level of 770.5 BAU/mL in subjects who were vaccinated only to 3020.0 BAU/mL in hybrid immunized subjects (p-value < 0.0001). Over time, a significant decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies was found. Depending on the subpopulation analyzed, further significant influencing factors included sex assigned at birth, disease severity, chronic diseases, and medication. A hybrid immunization resulted in more robust immune responses. Nevertheless, there were multiple other factors impacting these responses. This knowledge should be included in future vaccination strategies and serve as a guide in the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Karl
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
- Research Program of Medical Sciences, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Schuster
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Lea Maria Stangassinger
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Tanja Stiboller
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
| | - Janne Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Gertie Janneke Oostingh
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (L.M.S.); (T.S.); (G.J.O.)
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25
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Byrne T, Kovar J, Beale S, Braithwaite I, Fragaszy E, Fong WLE, Geismar C, Hoskins S, Navaratnam AMD, Nguyen V, Patel P, Shrotri M, Yavlinsky A, Hardelid P, Wijlaars L, Nastouli E, Spyer M, Aryee A, Cox I, Lampos V, Mckendry RA, Cheng T, Johnson AM, Michie S, Gibbs J, Gilson R, Rodger A, Abubakar I, Hayward A, Aldridge RW. Cohort Profile: Virus Watch-understanding community incidence, symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviour. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:e263-e272. [PMID: 37349899 PMCID: PMC10555858 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Byrne
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Kovar
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Beale
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isobel Braithwaite
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Fragaszy
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wing Lam Erica Fong
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cyril Geismar
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Hoskins
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annalan M D Navaratnam
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Parth Patel
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madhumita Shrotri
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexei Yavlinsky
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pia Hardelid
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Wijlaars
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Anna Aryee
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ingemar Cox
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vasileios Lampos
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel A Mckendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tao Cheng
- SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Centre for Population Research in Sexual Health and HIV, Institute for Global Health, London, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Gilson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Hollstein MM, Dierks S, Schön MP, Bergmann A, Abratis A, Eidizadeh A, Kaltenbach S, Schanz J, Groß U, Leha A, Kröger A, Andag R, Zautner AE, Fischer A, Erpenbeck L, Schnelle M. Humoral and cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: Results from the CoV-ADAPT cohort. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29122. [PMID: 37787583 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in prophylactic vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to cause significant morbidity. A better understanding of immune response differences between vaccinated individuals with and without later SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection is urgently needed. CoV-ADAPT is a prospective long-term study comparing humoral (anti-spike-RBD-IgG, neutralization capacity, avidity) and cellular (spike-induced T-cell interferon-γ [IFN-γ] release) immune responses in individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 at four different time points (three before and one after third vaccination). In this cohort study, 62 fully vaccinated individuals presented with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections vs 151 without infection 3-7 months following third vaccination. Breakthrough infections significantly increased anti-spike-RBD-IgG (p < 0.01), but not spike-directed T-cell IFN-γ release (TC) or antibody avidity. Despite comparable surrogate neutralization indices, the functional neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2-assessed via a tissue culture-based assay-was significantly higher following breakthrough vs no breakthrough infection. Anti-spike-RBD-IgG and antibody avidity decreased with age (p < 0.01) and females showed higher anti-spike-RBD-IgG (p < 0.01), and a tendency towards higher antibody avidity (p = 0.051). The association between humoral and cellular immune responses previously reported at various time points was lost in subjects after breakthrough infections (p = 0.807). Finally, a machine-learning approach based on our large immunological dataset (a total of 49 variables) from different time points was unable to predict breakthrough infections (area under the curve: 0.55). In conclusion, distinct differences in humoral vs cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without breakthrough infection could be demonstrated. Breakthrough infections predominantly drive the humoral response without boosting the cellular component. Breakthrough infections could not be predicted based on immunological data, which indicates a superior role of environmental factors (e.g., virus exposure) in individualized risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Hollstein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Dierks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Abratis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abass Eidizadeh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kaltenbach
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julie Schanz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reiner Andag
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Farahmand B, Sadat Larijani M, Fotouhi F, Biglari A, Sorouri R, Bagheri Amiri F, Eslamifar A, Jalali T, Salehi-Vaziri M, Banifazl M, Dahmardeh S, Eshratkhah Mohammadnejad A, Bavand A, Tavakoli M, Verez-Bencomo V, Mostafavi E, Noori Daloii H, Ashrafian F, Saberpour M, Ramezani A. Evaluation of PastoCovac plus vaccine as a booster dose on vaccinated individuals with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20555. [PMID: 37810803 PMCID: PMC10551543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has been managed through global vaccination programs. However, the antibody waning in various types of vaccines came to notice. Hereby, PastoCovac Plus as a protein subunit vaccine was investigated in immunized health care workers by COVAXIN (BBV152). The booster vaccine was recommended at least three months post the second dose of COVAXIN. Sera collection was done before and after each injection. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was done monthly to detect any asymptomatic and symptomatic vaccine breakthrough. 47.9 and 24.3% of the participants were seronegative for anti-N and anti-S antibodies three months after the second dose of COVAXIN, respectively. On average, fold-rises of 70, 93, 8 and mean-rises of 23.32, 892.4, 5.59 were recorded regarding neutralizing antibody, quantitative and semi-quantitative anti-Spike antibody, respectively. Anti-Spike and neutralizing antibodies seroconversion was seen 59.3% and 45.7%, respectively. The vaccine breakthrough assessment showed that all the isolated samples belonged to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. PastoCovac Plus boosting is strongly recommended in combination with inactivated vaccine platforms against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrokh Farahmand
- Department of Influenza and Other Rrespiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Department of Influenza and Other Rrespiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Sorouri
- IPI Directorate, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Eslamifar
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Jalali
- COVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Dahmardeh
- Vaccination Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Bavand
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tavakoli
- COVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Noori Daloii
- Health and Safety Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saberpour
- Department of Influenza and Other Rrespiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Meher T, Pradhan SK, Hatei SP, Majhi SC, Panda A, Mund SR, Mishra SK. Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 (Covishield) Booster Dose in Healthcare Providers: A Pre-Post Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46370. [PMID: 37920622 PMCID: PMC10619706 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, healthcare workers who face a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were among the first to receive COVID-19 vaccinations. Following the initial two vaccine doses, health experts recommended a third booster shot to enhance protection against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) virus. However, limited information about how this booster dose affects antibody levels is available. This study assesses the immune response triggered by the ChAdOx1 (Covishield) booster dose. Methods We conducted a before and after study among 132 healthcare providers at a tertiary care hospital in India who had already received their initial COVID-19 vaccine doses and agreed to participate. A booster shot was administered nine months following their second vaccine dose per the prevalent norms. We collected blood samples to measure immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels against the spike protein's receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These blood samples were taken both when they received the booster shot and one month after the booster. We determined IgG levels using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Result Among the participants, approximately 54% were females. Regarding occupation, about 36% were doctors, 30% were students, 20% were nursing officers, and the remaining 14% held grade-4 positions. The median age of the participants was 32 years. About 74% had no history of underlying health conditions. Before the booster dose, 29% of the participants tested negative for antibodies. However, all participants developed antibodies following the booster shot, and there was a significant increase in antibody levels, which was statistically meaningful with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Conclusion In conclusion, the administration of a booster dose effectively induced seroconversion and significantly increased antibody levels among healthcare providers, enhancing their immunity against COVID-19, essential in the face of a waning immune response to primary series vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Meher
- Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
| | - Subrat K Pradhan
- Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
| | - Shankar P Hatei
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Shrirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, IND
| | - Subash C Majhi
- Pediatrics, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
| | - Aishwarya Panda
- Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
| | - Smriti R Mund
- Anesthesiology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
| | - Sanjeeb K Mishra
- Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND
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Girgin A, Ileri F, Kaya S, Koca N. Evaluation of the Effects of Coronavirus Vaccination Status on Inpatient Demographics and Clinical and Laboratory Data. Cureus 2023; 15:e47794. [PMID: 38021899 PMCID: PMC10679789 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been largely controlled by vaccines. However, a notable increase in COVID-19 infections has been observed among vaccinated individuals. The protection conferred by vaccination remains a topic of ongoing discussion and research. Our study aims to assess the impact of vaccination status on the demographics, clinical presentations, and laboratory characteristics of patients who were admitted to the hospital and subsequently hospitalized for further evaluation and treatment. Methods We examined hospitalized COVID-19 patients in terms of demographics, immunization status, clinical and laboratory findings, and outcomes over a seven-month period during which the delta variant was prevalent. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their vaccination status: unvaccinated (n=1,321, 53.3%), partially vaccinated (n=214, 8.6%), and fully vaccinated (n=944, 38.1%). Data from these patients were compared across groups. Results The study included 2,479 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The median ages (range) for the unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated patients who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection were 51 (18-98), 61 (21-91), and 71 (23-99), respectively (p<0.001). White blood cell count, neutrophils, monocytes, platelet count, and inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and IL-6, as well as fibrinogen and troponin T levels, were observed to be higher in the fully vaccinated patients compared to the unvaccinated and partially vaccinated patients. Clinical follow-ups showed that the intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates were also higher in the fully vaccinated group compared to the other groups. Conclusion Our findings indicate that full vaccination significantly reduces hospitalization rates in younger individuals with average risk. However, patients with high-risk factors, such as advanced age and multiple comorbidities, exhibited higher hospitalization rates, increased need for intensive care, longer hospital stays, elevated inflammatory markers, and higher mortality even when fully vaccinated. It is crucial for elderly patients to receive thorough evaluations during emergency visits and to be provided with early treatment to reduce potential morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Girgin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, TUR
| | - Fatih Ileri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, TUR
| | - Senem Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, TUR
| | - Nizameddin Koca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, TUR
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30
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Seegers V, Rousseau G, Zhou K, Blanc-Lapierre A, Bigot F, Mahammedi H, Lambert A, Moreau-Bachelard C, Campone M, Conroy T, Penault-Llorca F, Bellanger MM, Raoul JL. COVID-19 Infection despite Previous Vaccination in Cancer Patients and Healthcare Workers: Results from a French Prospective Multicenter Cohort (PAPESCO-19). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4777. [PMID: 37835471 PMCID: PMC10571737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a multicenter prospective cohort of cancer patients (CP; n = 840) and healthcare workers (HCWs; n = 935) vaccinated against COVID-19, we noticed the following: i/after vaccination, 4.4% of HCWs and 5.8% of CP were infected; ii/no characteristic was associated with post-vaccine COVID-19 infections among HCWs; iii/CP who developed infections were younger, more frequently women (NS), more frequently had gastrointestinal, gynecological, or breast cancer and a localized cancer stage; iv/CP vaccinated while receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapy had (NS) more breakthrough infections after vaccination than those vaccinated after these treatments; the opposite was noted with radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or hormonotherapy; v/most COVID-19 infections occurred either during the Alpha wave (11/41 HCW, 20/49 CP), early after the first vaccination campaign started, or during the Omicron wave (21/41 HCW, 20/49 CP), more than 3 months after the second dose; vi/risk of infection was not associated with values of antibody titers; vii/the outcome of these COVID-19 infections after vaccination was not severe in all cases. To conclude, around 5% of our CPs or HCWs developed a COVID-19 infection despite previous vaccination. The outcome of these infections was not severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Seegers
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (V.S.); (A.B.-L.)
| | - Guillaume Rousseau
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 49055 Angers, France;
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest (ICO), 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (K.Z.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Audrey Blanc-Lapierre
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (V.S.); (A.B.-L.)
| | - Frédéric Bigot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 49055 Angers, France;
| | - Hakim Mahammedi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Aurélien Lambert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Camille Moreau-Bachelard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (C.M.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (C.M.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Thierry Conroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (A.L.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Martine M. Bellanger
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest (ICO), 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; (K.Z.); (M.M.B.)
- Department of Social Sciences, EHEPS School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Raoul
- Department of Clinical Research, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
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31
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Müller SA, Paltra S, Rehmann J, Nagel K, Conrad TO. Explicit modeling of antibody levels for infectious disease simulations in the context of SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2023; 26:107554. [PMID: 37654471 PMCID: PMC10466916 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurable levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies develop after infections with and vaccinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These antibody levels are dynamic: due to waning, antibody levels will drop over time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple models predicting infection dynamics were used by policymakers to support the planning of public health policies. Explicitly integrating antibody and waning effects into the models is crucial for reliable calculations of individual infection risk. However, only few approaches have been suggested that explicitly treat these effects. This paper presents a methodology that explicitly models antibody levels and the resulting protection against infection for individuals within an agent-based model. The model was developed in response to the complexity of different immunization sequences and types and is based on neutralization titer studies. This approach allows complex population studies with explicit antibody and waning effects. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model in two use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin, FG Verkehrssystemplanung und Verkehrstelematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sydney Paltra
- Technische Universität Berlin, FG Verkehrssystemplanung und Verkehrstelematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Rehmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, FG Verkehrssystemplanung und Verkehrstelematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Nagel
- Technische Universität Berlin, FG Verkehrssystemplanung und Verkehrstelematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Kopplin N, Garcia A, Reczek A, Wilkinson K, Yekkaluri S, Murphy CC, Tiro J, Muthukumar AR, Masica A, Singal AG. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and longitudinal antibody levels in a community-based cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291259. [PMID: 37682916 PMCID: PMC10490864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection invokes variable immune responses and poses a risk of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) symptoms; however, most data on natural history are derived from patients with severe infection. Further data are needed among patients with mild infection, who comprise most cases. METHODS The Dallas Fort-Worth (DFW) COVID-19 Prevalence Study included 21,597 community-dwelling adults (ages 18-89) who underwent COVID-19 PCR and anti-nucleocapsid antibody testing between July 2020 and March 2021. We invited participants with positive COVID-19 results (cases) and a subset with negative results (controls), matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and ZIP code, to complete a follow-up questionnaire for PASC symptoms and repeat anti-nucleocapsid testing, and anti-spike antibody testing between July and December 2021. RESULTS Of 3,917 adults invited to participate, 2260 (57.7%) completed the questionnaire- 1150 cases and 1110 controls. Persistent symptoms were reported in 21.1% of cases, with the most common being shortness of breath, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell. Among 292 cases with asymptomatic infection, >15% reported new fatigue and 8-10% reported new loss of taste/smell, myalgias, or headache. Median anti-nucleocapsid levels in cases decreased from 3.5U to 0.7U over a median follow-up of 8.6 months. Anti-spike antibody levels at 6-7 months post-vaccination in cases were similar to that of controls. CONCLUSIONS More than 1 in 5 patients with COVID-19 infection, including those with mild infection, reported persistent symptoms during follow-up. Both nucleocapsid and spike protein antibody levels decreased within six months following a COVID-19 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Kopplin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Angie Garcia
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Annika Reczek
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Kate Wilkinson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Sruthi Yekkaluri
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Caitlin C. Murphy
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Tiro
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Alagar R. Muthukumar
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Andrew Masica
- Texas Health Resources, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Amit G. Singal
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
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Nishikubo M, Tanaka Y, Mitsui S, Doi T, Hokka D, Hojo W, Sakai H, Funakoshi Y, Yakushijin K, Ohji G, Minami H, Maniwa Y. Comparable efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines for patients receiving tegafur-uracil as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Surg Today 2023; 53:1057-1063. [PMID: 36752867 PMCID: PMC9907870 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed, but a weaker response in individuals undergoing anticancer treatment has been reported. This study evaluates the immunogenic status and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), receiving tegafur-uracil (UFT) as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS The subjects of this prospective study were 40 patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC and received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines postoperatively. We compared the antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the adverse events between patients who received adjuvant UFT and patients who did not. RESULTS The mean anti-S1 IgG titers were not significantly different between the UFT and without-UFT groups (mean optimal density, 0.194 vs. 0.205; P = 0.76). Multivariate analysis identified the period after the second vaccination as an independent predictor of anti-S1 IgG titer (P = 0.049), but not the UFT status (with or without-UFT treatment; P = 0.47). The prevalence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups, and no severe adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for NSCLC patients who received postoperative adjuvant UFT chemotherapy were comparable to those for NSCLC patients who did not receive postoperative adjuvant UFT chemotherapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) in Japan (UMIN000047380).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishikubo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Suguru Mitsui
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Wataru Hojo
- R&D, Cellspect Co., Ltd., 2-4-23 Kitaiioka, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0857, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakai
- R&D, Cellspect Co., Ltd., 2-4-23 Kitaiioka, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0857, Japan
| | - Yohei Funakoshi
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Goh Ohji
- Division of Infection Disease Therapeutics, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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34
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Kroidl I, Winter S, Rubio-Acero R, Bakuli A, Geldmacher C, Eser TM, Déak F, Horn S, Zielke A, Ahmed MIM, Diepers P, Guggenbühl J, Frese J, Bruger J, Puchinger K, Reich J, Falk P, Markgraf A, Fensterseifer H, Paunovic I, Thomschke A, Pritsch M, Riess F, Saathoff E, Hoelscher M, Olbrich L, Castelletti N, Wieser A. Studying temporal titre evolution of commercial SARS-CoV-2 assays reveals significant shortcomings of using BAU standardization for comparison. Virol J 2023; 20:200. [PMID: 37658454 PMCID: PMC10474769 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has become one of the main epidemiological tools to survey the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also vaccination response. The WHO made available a set of well-characterized samples derived from recovered individuals to allow normalization between different quantitative anti-Spike assays to defined Binding Antibody Units (BAU). METHODS To assess sero-responses longitudinally, a cohort of ninety-nine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects was followed up together with forty-five vaccinees without previous infection but with two vaccinations. Sero-responses were evaluated using a total of six different assays: four measuring anti-Spike proteins (converted to BAU), one measuring anti-Nucleocapsid proteins and one SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization. Both cohorts were evaluated using the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 assay. RESULTS In SARS-CoV-2-convalesce subjects, the BAU-sero-responses of Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 peaked both at 47 (43-51) days, the first assay followed by a slow decay thereafter (> 208 days), while the second assay not presenting any decay within one year. Both assay values in BAUs are only equivalent a few months after infection, elsewhere correction factors up to 10 are necessary. In contrast, in infection-naive vaccinees the assays perform similarly. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that the establishment of a protective correlate or vaccination booster recommendation based on different assays, although BAU-standardised, is still challenging. At the moment the characteristics of the available assays used are not related, and the BAU-standardisation is unable to correct for that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea M Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Flora Déak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sacha Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Zielke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed I M Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Diepers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Guggenbühl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Frese
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bruger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Puchinger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Reich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Falk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Markgraf
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Fensterseifer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Paunovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Türkenstraße 87, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Thomschke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Riess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Türkenstraße 87, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Türkenstraße 87, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Türkenstraße 87, 80799, Munich, Germany.
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35
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Ferreira IATM, Lee CYC, Foster WS, Abdullahi A, Dratva LM, Tuong ZK, Stewart BJ, Ferdinand JR, Guillaume SM, Potts MOP, Perera M, Krishna BA, Peñalver A, Cabantous M, Kemp SA, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Ebrahimi S, Lyons P, Smith KGC, Bradley J, Collier DA, McCoy LE, van der Klaauw A, Thaventhiran JED, Farooqi IS, Teichmann SA, MacAry PA, Doffinger R, Wills MR, Linterman MA, Clatworthy MR, Gupta RK. Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralization following heterologous vaccination in the elderly. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112991. [PMID: 37590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal responses to a primary vaccination course have been reported in the elderly, but there is little information regarding the impact of age on responses to booster third doses. Here, we show that individuals 70 years or older (median age 73, range 70-75) who received a primary two-dose schedule with AZD1222 and booster third dose with mRNA vaccine achieve significantly lower neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus compared with those younger than 70 (median age 66, range 54-69) at 1 month post booster. Impaired neutralization potency and breadth post third dose in the elderly is associated with circulating "atypical" spike-specific B cells expressing CD11c and FCRL5. However, when considering individuals who received three doses of mRNA vaccine, we did not observe differences in neutralization or enrichment in atypical B cells. This work highlights the finding that AdV and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine formats differentially instruct the memory B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Y C Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - William S Foster
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa M Dratva
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephane M Guillaume
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin O P Potts
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne Perera
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin A Krishna
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mia Cabantous
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Agatha van der Klaauw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul A MacAry
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Liu H, Han X, Lin X, Zhu X, Wei Y. Impact of vaccine measures on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290640. [PMID: 37624833 PMCID: PMC10464839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In many nations, efforts to prevent and control COVID-19 have been significantly impeded by the SARS-CoV-2 virus ongoing mutation. The Omicron strain, a more recent and prevalent strain, has had more significant detrimental effects in countries worldwide. To investigate the impact of the Omicron BA.2 strain on vaccine efficacy, we proposed a model with vaccination and immunological decline in this research. Then, we fitted our model based on the number of daily new instances reported by the government in Jilin and Shanghai, China. We estimated the effective reproduction number Re = 4.71 for the Jilin and Re = 3.32 for Shanghai. Additionally, we do sensitivity analysis to identify the critical factors affecting the effective reproduction number Re. It was found that vaccination rate, effectiveness rate, and declining rate had a significant effect on Re. Further, we investigate the relevant parameter thresholds that make Re lower than unity. Finally, rich numerical experiments were then carried out. We observed that even when vaccine efficiency was not high, increasing vaccination rates had a significant effect on early disease transmission, that limiting social distance was the most economical and rational measure to control the spread of disease, and that for a short period, reducing immune decline was not significant in curbing disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaotao Han
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofen Lin
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinjie Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yumei Wei
- Experimental Teaching Department, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Rosso A, Flacco ME, Soldato G, Di Martino G, Acuti Martellucci C, Carota R, De Benedictis M, Di Marco G, Di Luzio R, Fiore M, Caponetti A, Manzoli L. COVID-19 Vaccination Effectiveness in the General Population of an Italian Province: Two Years of Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1325. [PMID: 37631893 PMCID: PMC10459219 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out a cohort study on the overall population of the province of Pescara, Italy, to assess the real-world effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against infection, severe, or lethal COVID-19, two years after the start of the vaccination campaign. We included all the resident or domiciled subjects, and extracted the official demographic, vaccination, COVID-19, hospital and co-pay exemption datasets from 1 January 2021, up to 15 February 2023. Cox proportional hazards analyses were adjusted for gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, major cardio- and cerebrovascular events, cancer, and kidney diseases. Throughout the follow-up (466 days on average), 186,676 subjects received greater than or equal to three vaccine doses (of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, NVX-CoV2373, or JNJ-78436735), 47,610 two doses, 11,452 one dose, and 44,989 none. Overall, 40.4% of subjects were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of them, 2.74% had severe or lethal (1.30%) COVID-19. As compared to the unvaccinated, the individuals who received greater than or equal to one booster dose showed a ≥85% lower risk of severe or lethal COVID-19. A massive impact of vaccination was found among the elderly: 22.0% of the unvaccinated, infected individuals died, as opposed to less than 3% of those who received greater than or equal to three vaccine doses. No protection against infection was observed, although this finding was certainly influenced by the Italian restriction policies to control the pandemic. Importantly, during the Omicron predominance period, only the group who received at least a booster dose showed a reduced risk of COVID-19-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rosso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Graziella Soldato
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Cecilia Acuti Martellucci
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Roberto Carota
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco De Benedictis
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Graziano Di Marco
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Rossano Di Luzio
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Fiore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio Caponetti
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
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Choi S, Kim SH, Han MS, Yoon Y, Kim YK, Cho HK, Yun KW, Song SH, Ahn B, Kim YK, Choi SH, Choe YJ, Lim H, Choi EB, Kim K, Hyeon S, Lim HJ, Kim BC, Lee YK, Choi EH, Shin EC, Lee H. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Sustained T Cell Responses Against the Omicron Variant in Adolescents. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e33. [PMID: 37670807 PMCID: PMC10475828 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been acknowledged as an effective mean of preventing infection and hospitalization. However, the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has led to substantial increase in infections among children and adolescents. Vaccine-induced immunity and longevity have not been well defined in this population. Therefore, we aimed to analyze humoral and cellular immune responses against ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Although vaccination induced a robust increase of spike-specific binding Abs and neutralizing Abs against the ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants, the neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was significantly low. On the contrary, vaccine-induced memory CD4+ T cells exhibited substantial responses against both ancestral and Omicron spike proteins. Notably, CD4+ T cell responses against both ancestral and Omicron strains were preserved at 3 months after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine without waning. Polyfunctionality of vaccine-induced memory T cells was also preserved in response to Omicron spike protein. The present findings characterize the protective immunity of vaccination for adolescents in the era of continuous emergence of variants/subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Yoonsun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heeji Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Bee Choi
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Byung-chul Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yoo-kyoung Lee
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Akanmu S, Herrera BB, Chaplin B, Ogunsola S, Osibogun A, Onawoga F, John-Olabode S, Akase IE, Nwosu A, Hamel DJ, Chang CA, Kanki PJ. High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2023; 3:100156. [PMID: 37388808 PMCID: PMC10289822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa. Methods In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (n = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (n = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (n = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (n = 114). Results Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (n = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaimon Akanmu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 89 French St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Mir Biosciences, Inc., 12 Depot Way, Dunellen, NJ, USA
| | - Beth Chaplin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sade Ogunsola
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lagos State COVID-19 Taskforce, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Onawoga
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah John-Olabode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Iorhen E Akase
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Augustina Nwosu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Donald J Hamel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte A Chang
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Hara M, Furue T, Fukuoka M, Iwanaga K, Matsuishi E, Miike T, Sakamoto Y, Mukai N, Kinugasa Y, Shigyo M, Sonoda N, Tanaka M, Arase Y, Tanaka Y, Nakashima H, Irie S, Hirota Y. Comparison of self-reported symptoms in COVID-19 patients who had or had not previously received COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2226575. [PMID: 37357433 PMCID: PMC10294725 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2226575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been reported for high effectiveness against symptoms, it remains unclear whether post-vaccination infections are less symptomatic than infections in vaccine-naive individuals. We included patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction tests during Japan's alpha and delta variant epidemics. COVID-19 symptoms at approximately 4 weeks were compared based on COVID-19 vaccination status. In total, 398 cases (372 symptomatic and 26 asymptomatic; 286 unvaccinated, 66 vaccinated with one dose, and 46 with two doses) were analyzed. The most common symptoms were fever (78.4%), fatigue (78.4%), cough (74.4%), loss of taste or smell (62.8%), and headache (59.8%). Post-vaccination infections were significantly less likely to be symptomatic. Possible confounder-adjusted odds ratios of two vaccine doses against fatigue, dry eyes and mouth, insomnia, fever, shortness of breath, unusual muscle pains, and loss of taste or smell were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09-0.38), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08-0.59), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14-0.80), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.63), 0.36 (95% CI: 0.16-0.76), 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19-0.82), and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22-0.87), respectively. Post-vaccination infections after two mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses show milder and fewer symptoms than infections in unvaccinated patients, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Toru Miike
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Mukai
- Fukuoka City Jonan Ward Public Health Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinugasa
- Fukuoka City Higashi Ward Public Health Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Shigyo
- Fukuoka City Hakata Ward Public Health Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Sonoda
- Fukuoka City Sawara Ward Public Health Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Kanenokuma Hospital, SOUSEIKAI Medical Group (Medical Co. LTA), Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shin Irie
- SOUSEIKAI Medical Group (Medical Co. LTA), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, SOUSEIKAI Medical Group (Medical Co. LTA), Fukuoka, Japan
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Karimi H, Mansouri V, Rezaei N. Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2023-0089. [PMID: 37822684 PMCID: PMC10564388 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 2020, the highly contagious nature and various transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 have rendered the pandemic interminable. Vertical transmission (VT) through the placenta and breast milk, which is frequent for certain virus types, is thought to exist for SARS-CoV-2 and is hypothesized by many researchers. Conversely, antibodies are produced to counteract the effect of viruses. Since newborns' immunologic system cannot produce proper antibodies, maternal antibodies are usually transferred from mother to infant/fetus to meet the need. This theory leads to the hypothesis of transmission of antibodies through the placenta and breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. This paper further discusses these hypotheses, considering consequences of fetus/infant harm versus benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Montero S, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Soto-Becerra P, Cvetkovic-Vega A, Guillermo-Roman M, Figueroa-Montes L, Sagástegui AA, Alvizuri-Pastor S, Contreras-Macazana RM, Apolaya-Segura M, Díaz-Vélez C, Maguiña JL. Humoral response after a BNT162b2 heterologous third dose of COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of BBIBP-CorV among healthcare personnel in Peru. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100311. [PMID: 37207103 PMCID: PMC10162476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inactivated virus vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, was principally distributed across low- and middle-income countries as primary vaccination strategy to prevent poor COVID-19 outcomes. Limited information is available regarding its effect on heterologous boosting. We aim to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a third booster dose of BNT162b2 following a double BBIBP-CorV regime. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among healthcare providers from several healthcare facilities of the Seguro Social de Salud del Perú - ESSALUD. We included participants two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccinated who presented a three-dose vaccination card at least 21 days passed since the vaccinees received their third dose and were willing to provide written informed consent. Antibodies were determined using LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (DiaSorin Inc., Stillwater, USA). Factors potentially associated with immunogenicity, and adverse events, were considered. We used a multivariable fractional polynomial modeling approach to estimate the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies' geometric mean (GM) ratios and related predictors. Results We included 595 subjects receiving a third dose with a median (IQR) age of 46 [37], [54], from which 40% reported previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall geometric mean (IQR) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 8,410 (5,115 - 13,000) BAU/mL. Prior SARS-CoV-2 history and full/part-time in-person working modality were significantly associated with greater GM. Conversely, time from boosting to IgG measure was associated with lower GM levels. We found 81% of reactogenicity in the study population; younger age and being a nurse were associated with a lower incidence of adverse events. Conclusions Among healthcare providers, a booster dose of BNT162b2 following a full BBIBP-CorV regime provided high humoral immune protection. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 previous exposure and working in person displayed as determinants that increase anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montero
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Soto-Becerra
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovic-Vega
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Martina Guillermo-Roman
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Moisés Apolaya-Segura
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Jorge L. Maguiña
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Liew MY, Mathews JI, Li A, Singh R, Jaramillo SA, Weiss ZF, Bowman K, Ankomah PO, Ghantous F, Lewis GD, Neuringer I, Bitar N, Lipiner T, Dighe AS, Kotton CN, Seaman MS, Lemieux JE, Goldberg MB. Delayed and Attenuated Antibody Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination With Poor Cross-Variant Neutralization in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients-A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad369. [PMID: 37577118 PMCID: PMC10414143 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutically immunosuppressed transplant recipients exhibit attenuated responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. To elucidate the kinetics and variant cross-protection of vaccine-induced antibodies in this population, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study in heart and lung transplant recipients receiving the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) 3-dose vaccination series. Methods We measured longitudinal serum antibody and neutralization responses against the ancestral and major variants of SARS-CoV-2 in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected lung (n = 18) and heart (n = 17) transplant recipients, non-lung-transplanted patients with cystic fibrosis (n = 7), and healthy controls (n = 12) before, during, and after the primary mRNA vaccination series. Results Among healthy controls, strong anti-spike responses arose immediately following vaccination and displayed cross-neutralization against all variants. In contrast, among transplant recipients, after the first 2 vaccine doses, increases in antibody concentrations occurred gradually, and cross-neutralization was completely absent against the Omicron B.1.1.529 variant. However, most (73%) of the transplant recipients had a significant response to the third vaccine dose, reaching levels comparable to those of healthy controls, with improved but attenuated neutralization of immune evasive variants, particularly Beta, Gamma, and Omicron. Responses in non-lung-transplanted patients with cystic fibrosis paralleled those in healthy controls. Conclusions In this prospective, longitudinal analysis of variant-specific antibody responses, lung and heart transplant recipients display delayed and defective responses to the first 2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses but significantly augmented responses to a third dose. Gaps in antibody-mediated immunity among transplant recipients are compounded by decreased neutralization against Omicron variants, leaving many patients with substantially weakened immunity against currently circulating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Liew
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josh I Mathews
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohan Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salvador A Jaramillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe F Weiss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre O Ankomah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fadi Ghantous
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Heart Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Neuringer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Bitar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taryn Lipiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand S Dighe
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camille N Kotton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Muslimah AH, Tiara MR, Djauhari H, Dewantara MH, Susandi E, Indrati AR, Alisjahbana B, Soeroto AY, Wisaksana R. High Levels of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) Antibodies One Year Post Booster Vaccinations among Hospital Workers in Indonesia: Was the Second Booster Needed? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1300. [PMID: 37631868 PMCID: PMC10457959 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022, Indonesia prioritized healthcare workers to receive the second booster dose. We conducted a sequential serosurvey to understand the dynamics of the antibody titers. The first serosurvey, which was conducted in June 2021, 1-6 months after Sinovac vaccination, showed a median antibody level of 41.4 BAU/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 10-629.4 BAU/mL). The second serosurvey was conducted one month (August 2021) after the first Moderna booster vaccine and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 3081-4000 BAU/mL). The last serosurvey was conducted a year (August 2022) after the booster and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 4000-4000 BAU/mL). In this last survey, only 39 (11.9%) of healthcare workers had antibody levels below the maximum level of 4000 BAU/mL. Thus, one year after the first booster dose, we did not observe the waning of antibody levels. The average increase was perhaps because of natural infection. Based on these considerations, we believe that a second booster dose was not necessary for this category of subjects at that time. Because vaccine supply is often limited, priority could be given to the general population or other high-risk patient groups with low antibody titers based on serological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Hanifan Muslimah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Marita Restie Tiara
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Hofiya Djauhari
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hafizh Dewantara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Evan Susandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Agnes Rengga Indrati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Arto Yuwono Soeroto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Wisaksana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
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Amellal H, Assaid N, Charoute H, Akarid K, Maaroufi A, Ezzikouri S, Sarih M. Kinetics of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgA, and IgG responses during the first 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288557. [PMID: 37437051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat. The kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) need to be assessed, as the long-term duration of these immunoglobulins remains largely controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein up to one year in a cohort of 190 COVID-19 patients. Between March and September 2021, we enrolled patients from two regional hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for antibody levels. We used the commercial Euroimmun ELISA for the determination of anti-N IgM, the Abbott Architect™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG test for the detection of anti-RBD IgG, and an in-house kit for the assay of anti-N IgG and anti-N IgA. IgM and IgA antibodies were assessed 2-5, 9-12, 17-20 and 32-37 days after symptom onset. IgG antibodies were also assessed 60, 90, 120 and 360 days after symptom onset. One-third of patients developed IgM (32%), while two-thirds developed IgA (61%). One month of symptom onset, most patients developed IgG, with 97% and 93% positivity for anti-RBD IgG and anti-N IgG, respectively. The anti-RBD IgG positivity rate remained high up to one year of follow-up. However, the anti-N IgG positivity rate decreased over time, with only 41% of patients testing positive after one year's follow-up. IgG levels were significantly higher in older people (over 50 years) than in other study participants. We also found that patients who had received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prior to infection had a lower IgM response than unvaccinated patients. This difference was statistically significant two weeks after the onset of symptoms. We present the first study in Africa to measure the kinetics of antibody response (IgA, IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 over one year. Most participants remained seropositive for anti-RBD IgG after one year but showed a significant decline in antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Amellal
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najlaa Assaid
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Virology Unit, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Wang F, Huang B, Deng Y, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Q, Zhao L, Tang L, Wang W, Wang X, Ye F, Hu W, Yang H, Wang S, Ren J, Liu X, Wang C, Guan X, Wang R, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wu D, An Z, Xu W, Rodewald LE, Gao GF, Yin Z, Tan W. Neutralizing antibody levels associated with injectable and aerosolized Ad5-nCoV boosters and BA.2 infection. BMC Med 2023; 21:233. [PMID: 37400857 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several COVID-19 vaccines are in widespread use in China. Few data exist on comparative immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as booster doses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody levels raised by injectable and inhaled aerosolized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine as a heterologous booster after an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine two-dose primary series. METHODS Using an open-label prospective cohort design, we recruited 136 individuals who had received inactivated vaccine primary series followed by either injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored vaccine and measured neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. We also measured neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent sera from 39 patients who recovered from Omicron BA.2 infection. RESULTS Six months after primary series vaccination, neutralizing immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was low and neutralizing immunity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) was lower. Boosting with Ad5-vectored vaccines induced a high immune response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.5 were ≥ 80% lower than against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in sera from prime-boost subjects and in convalescent sera from survivors of Omicron BA.2 infection. Inhaled aerosolized Ad5-vectored vaccine was associated with greater neutralizing titers than injectable Ad5-vectored vaccine against ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the current strategy of heterologous boosting with injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Deng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobai Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Siquan Wang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangning Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruize Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie An
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence E Rodewald
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Prayongrat A, Noppaving P, Chobarporn T, Sudhinaraset N, Teeyapun N, Pakvisal N, Jantarabenjakul W, Sophonphan J, Lertbutsayanukul C, Poovorawan Y. Safety and Immunogenicity of Homologous and Heterologous Adenoviral-Vectored and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Radiotherapy Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1135. [PMID: 37514951 PMCID: PMC10383644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished immune response after vaccination occurs in cancer patients. This observational study evaluated the immune response and safety profile after COVID-19 vaccination in radiotherapy patients. The study comprised 53 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and voluntarily received the COVID-19 vaccine. The two regimens were homologous ChAdOx1-S recombinant (AstraZeneca, AZ), "AZ-AZ" and heterologous "AZ-mRNA". The seroconversion rate and anti-RBD immunoglobulin geometric mean titers (GMT) were assessed and compared with healthy controls. Adverse effects were assessed using a questionnaire. The seroconversion rate was 52.4% 1 month after the first dose with GMT 4.3 U/mL (95%CI 1.4-13). Following the second dose, the AZ-AZ group achieved 95% seroconversion rate with GMT = 188.4 U/mL (95%CI 67.1-529), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 945 U/mL (95%CI 708-1261). Cancer patients in AZ-mRNA group achieved a 100% seroconversion rate with a high GMT = 1400.8 U/mL (95%CI 429.5-4566), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 5169.9 U/mL (95%CI 3582.2-7461.5). Most adverse effects were mild. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy patients had fair immunogenicity after the first dose, but achieved a high seroconversion rate after the second dose with manageable adverse effects. However, their immunologic response was lower than in healthy individuals, indicating that other preventive strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anussara Prayongrat
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patjaya Noppaving
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Chobarporn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Teeyapun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nussara Pakvisal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watsamon Jantarabenjakul
- Center of Excellence for Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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48
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Jung HE, Ku KB, Kang BH, Park JH, Kim HC, Kim KD, Lee HK. Intranasal delivery of an adenovirus-vector vaccine co-expressing a modified spike protein and a genetic adjuvant confers lasting mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105656. [PMID: 37327877 PMCID: PMC10265935 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has threatened global health. Since the first case of infection was reported in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide and caused millions of deaths. As vaccination is the best way to protect the host from invading pathogens, several vaccines have been developed to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2, saving numerous lives thus far. However, SARS-CoV-2 constantly changes its antigens, resulting in escape from vaccine-induced protection, and the longevity of immunity induced by vaccines remains an issue. Additionally, traditional intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines are insufficient at evoking mucosal-specific immune responses. Because the respiratory tract is the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 entry, the need for mucosal vaccines is strong. Using an adenoviral (Ad) vector platform, we generated Ad5-S.Mod, a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine that encodes modified-spike (S) antigen and the genetic adjuvant human CXCL9. Intranasal delivery of Ad5-S.Mod elicited superior airway humoral and T-cell responses over traditional intramuscular vaccines and protected mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. cDC1 cells were required for the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T-cell development in intranasal Ad5-S.Mod vaccinated mice. Furthermore, we confirmed the efficacy of the intranasal Ad5-S.Mod vaccine in terms of transcriptional changes and identified lung macrophages as a key supporter of maintenance of lung-resident memory T and B cells. Our study demonstrates Ad5-S.Mod has the potential to confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and that lung macrophages support the maintenance of vaccine-induced tissue-resident memory lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi Eun Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Do Kim
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Dedroogh S, Schmiedl S, Thürmann PA, Graf K, Appelbaum S, Koß R, Theis C, Zia Z, Tebbenjohanns J, Thal SC, Dedroogh M. Impact of timing and combination of different BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 basic and booster vaccinations on humoral immunogenicity and reactogenicity in adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9036. [PMID: 37270632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this single-center observational study with 1,206 participants, we prospectively evaluated SARS-CoV-2-antibodies (anti-S RBD) and vaccine-related adverse drug reactions (ADR) after basic and booster immunization with BNT162b2- and ChAdOx1-S-vaccines in four vaccination protocols: Homologous BNT162b2-schedule with second vaccination at either three or six weeks, homologous ChAdOx1-S-vaccination or heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2-schedule, each at 12 weeks. All participants received a BNT162b2 booster. Blood samples for anti-S RBD analysis were obtained multiple times over a period of four weeks to six months after basic vaccination, immediately before, and up to three months after booster vaccination. After basic vaccination, the homologous ChAdOx1-S-group showed the lowest anti-S RBD levels over six months, while the heterologous BNT162b2-ChAdOx1-S-group demonstrated the highest anti-S levels, but failed to reach level of significance compared with the homologous BNT162b2-groups. Antibody levels were higher after an extended vaccination interval with BNT162b2. A BNT162b2 booster increased anti-S-levels 11- to 91-fold in all groups, with the homologous ChAdOx1-S-cohort demonstrated the highest increase in antibody levels. No severe or serious ADR were observed. The findings suggest that a heterologous vaccination schedule or prolonged vaccination interval induces robust humoral immunogenicity with good tolerability. Extending the time to boost-immunization is key to both improving antibody induction and reducing ADR rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dedroogh
- Chair of Anesthesiology I, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sven Schmiedl
- Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Philipp Klee-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Petra A Thürmann
- Chair of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Philipp Klee-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katharina Graf
- Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sebastian Appelbaum
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Reinhard Koß
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Christian Theis
- Chair of Anesthesiology I, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Zewarudin Zia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tebbenjohanns
- Department of Cardiology, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Senator-Braun-Allee 33, 31135, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Chair of Anesthesiology I, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Michael Dedroogh
- Department of Cardiology, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Senator-Braun-Allee 33, 31135, Hildesheim, Germany.
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Alghader MRM, Valvi D, de la Hoz RE. Transmission and Risk Factors of COVID-19 among Health Care Workers. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:340-348. [PMID: 37015285 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1766118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant occupational risk factor to health care workers (HCWs). As in previous events, this occupational risk amplifies and compounds the adverse impact of the pandemic. We conducted a narrative review summarizing risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in HCWs. We searched for original observational studies (including case-control, cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective cohorts) using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 22 articles were reviewed, including eligible English articles published between April 2020 and May 2022. Job category, work environment, personal protective equipment (PPE) noncompliance, lack of PPE awareness and training, unvaccinated status, and competing community and household exposures were identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs. Effective measures to protect HCWs from SARS-CoV-2 need to account for the identified occupational risk factors. Identifying and understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs must be considered a public health priority for policy makers to mitigate occupational and community transmission in current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi R M Alghader
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rafael E de la Hoz
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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