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Saikia K, Saharia N, Singh CS, Borah PP, Namsa ND. Association of histo-blood group antigens and predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5149-5162. [PMID: 35882942 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious gastroenteritis is a common illness afflicting people worldwide. The two most common etiological agents of viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus and norovirus are known to recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment receptors. ABO, Lewis, and secretor HBGAs are distributed abundantly on mucosal epithelia, red blood cell membranes, and also secreted in biological fluids, such as saliva, intestinal content, milk, and blood. HBGAs are fucosylated glycans that have been implicated in the attachment of some enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding ABO (H), fucosyltransferase gene FUT2 (Secretor/Se), FUT3 (Lewis/Le) have been associated with changes in enzyme expression and HBGAs production. The highly polymorphic HBGAs among different populations and races influence genotype-specific susceptibility or resistance to enteric pathogens and its epidemiology, and vaccination seroconversion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct population-based investigations to understand predisposition to enteric infections and gastrointestinal diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between HBGAs and predisposition to common human gastrointestinal illnesses caused by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Saikia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Niruprabha Saharia
- Department of Paediatrics, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Bihaguri, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Chongtham S Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India
| | - Partha P Borah
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Pratiksha Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nima D Namsa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India.,Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
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2
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Tirant M, Scala J, Jafferany M, Goldust M, Sadoughifar R, Lotti T. Therapeutic and etiologic considerations related to blood group and triggers in psoriasis—A retrospective study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13401. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tirant
- Institute of Dermatological and Regenerative Sciences Florence Italy
| | - Jacopo Scala
- University of Rome, “G. Marconi” Rome Italy
- Psoriasis Eczema Clinic Melbourne Australia
| | | | | | | | - Torello Lotti
- Institute of Dermatological and Regenerative Sciences Florence Italy
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3
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Potential Association of IL1B Polymorphism With Iron Deficiency Risk in Childhood Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:e36-e40. [PMID: 28727656 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection occurs predominantly in childhood. Host immune response gene polymorphism is reported to affect the susceptibility to H pylori infection and the outcome of H pylori-related gastric cancer. Not all H pylori-infected patients, however, exhibit iron deficiency (ID). The relationship between host genetic polymorphisms and ID mediated by H pylori infection is not well understood. METHODS Subjects (n = 644) from the general population of age 10 to 18 years were divided into 2 groups based on serology testing for anti-H pylori IgG: seropositive study group; and seronegative control group. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL1B (rs1143627 and rs16944), IL8 (rs4073), IL10 (rs1800896), and ABO (rs505922), were genotyped and the iron status of the 2 groups was compared. RESULTS The seroprevalence rate for H pylori was 10.7% in this study. Infected subjects were significantly older and had lower serum iron levels than uninfected subjects (P = 0.0195 and 0.0059, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of the T allele of rs505922 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.128; P < 0.001) and lower frequency of the T allele of rs1143627 (OR = 0.846; P = 0.014) in seropositive subjects. Among 59 seropositive subjects, the T allele frequency of rs1143627 was significantly higher in those with ID (OR = 3.156; P = 0.043), compared with those without ID. CONCLUSIONS ABO (rs505922) and IL1B (rs1143627) may affect H pylori infection susceptibility, and IL1B (rs1143627) may also influence ID risk in infected children.
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Histo-blood group carbohydrates as facilitators for infection by Helicobacter pylori. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Politis C, Parara M, Kremastinou J, Hasapopoulou E, Iniotaki A, Siorenta A, Richardson C, Papa A, Kavallierou L, Asariotou M, Katsarou O, Mougiou A, Dadiotis L, Alexandropoulou Z, Megalou A, Magoula E, Papadopoulou M, Pervanidou D, Baka A, Hadjichristodoulou C. Associations of ABO, D, and Lewis blood groups and HLA Class I and Class II alleles with West Nile virus Lineage 2 disease outcome in Greece, 2010 to 2013. Transfusion 2016; 56:2115-21. [PMID: 27245377 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) infection, commonly asymptomatic, may cause mild West Nile fever (WNF) or potentially fatal neuroinvasive disease (WNND). An outbreak of 262 cases of the new Lineage 2 strain in Greece in 2010 continued with high mortality (17%) in WNND. The objective was to investigate ABO, D, and Lewis blood groups, as well as HLA Class I and Class II alleles, in relation to WNV Lineage 2 disease morbidity. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 132 Greek WNV cases in 2010 to 2013 (65% male; mean age 64 years; 41% WNF, 59% WNND) was compared to 51,339 healthy WNV-negative blood donors and 246 healthy subjects. RESULTS Blood group A was more common in WNV cases (51%) than blood donors (39%) and group O less common (32% vs. 42%). D negativity within group A was higher in WNV than in blood donors (18% vs. 10%, p = 0.044). The frequency of secretors (Lewis(a-b+)) was 60% in WNV and 68% in donors (p = 0.16). HLA alleles C*08, DRB1*O4:O5, and DQB1*O2 occurred significantly less frequently in WNV than controls (p < 0.05 unadjusted for multiple testing) and DRB1*10:O1 more frequently (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION This first study of symptomatic WNV Lineage 2 suggests A/D negativity as a new risk factor associated with WNV infection and level of morbidity. Further studies are required of the possibility that HLA C*08, DRB1*O4:O5, and DQB1*O2 are protective alleles and DRB1*10:O1 a "susceptible" allele to WNV infection and the role of secretor status in relation to WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Politis
- Coordinating Haemovigilance Centre.,Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Myrsini Parara
- Coordinating Haemovigilance Centre.,Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Hasapopoulou
- AHEPA University Hospital Blood Centre Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Clive Richardson
- Coordinating Haemovigilance Centre.,Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Arboviruses National Reference Laboratory, Aristoteleio University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lilian Kavallierou
- Coordinating Haemovigilance Centre.,Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Asariotou
- Coordinating Haemovigilance Centre.,Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Katsarou
- Laiko General Hospital Blood Establishment, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lukas Dadiotis
- Tzanio General Hospital Blood Establishment, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Angelica Megalou
- Evangelismos General Hospital Blood Establishment, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Danai Pervanidou
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Agoritsa Baka
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
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6
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Kaidarova Z, Bravo MD, Kamel HT, Custer BS, Busch MP, Lanteri MC. Blood group A and D negativity are associated with symptomatic West Nile virus infection. Transfusion 2016; 56:1699-706. [PMID: 27189860 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) infection is mostly asymptomatic (AS) but 20% of subjects report WNV fever and 1% of patients experience neurologic diseases with higher rates in elderly and immunosuppressed persons. With no treatment and no vaccine to prevent the development of symptomatic (S) infections, it is essential to understand prognostic factors influencing S disease outcome. Host genetic background has been linked to the development of WNV neuroinvasive disease. This study investigates the association between the ABO and D blood group status and WNV disease outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The distribution of blood groups was investigated within a cohort of 374 WNV+ blood donors including 244 AS and 130 S WNV+ blood donors. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between A, B, O, and D blood groups and WNV clinical disease outcome. RESULTS S WNV+ donors exhibited increased frequencies of blood group A (S 47.6%, AS 36.8%, p = 0.04; odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.40) and D- individuals (S 21.5%, AS 13.1%, p = 0.03; OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04-3.18). CONCLUSION The findings suggest a genetic susceptibility placing blood group A and D- individuals at risk for the development of S disease outcome after WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian S Custer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooling
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ansari SA, Khan A, Khan TA, Raza Y, Syed SA, Akhtar SS, Kazmi SU. Correlation of ABH blood group antigens secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection in Pakistani patients. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:115-9. [PMID: 25322664 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A and B blood group antigens are fucosylated carbohydrate present on human erythrocytes and body secretions. Their presence in body secretions depends on the expression of a dominant allele of secretor gene FUT2 and is correlated with susceptibility to various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We investigated the correlation of blood group and ABH antigen secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal symptoms and analysed the distribution of babA gene among ABH secretors and non-secretors. METHODS Two hundred and ninety patients who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy during 2011 to 2012 participated. Gastric biopsy, saliva and blood samples were obtained from every patient. Gastric biopsies were subjected to rapid urease test and PCR for the detection of H. pylori and babA gene. Blood grouping and ABH antigens secretions were determined by Lewis blood group phenotyping and haemagglutination inhibition test. RESULTS 50.34% of patients were ABH antigen secretors and 45.51% non-secretors. Distribution analysis of blood group revealed that 40 blood group B, 67 blood group A 20 blood group O and 19 blood group AB patients secreted ABH antigens in saliva. Fifty-six blood group O, 19 blood group B, 32 blood group A and 17 blood group AB patients were non-secretors. Gastroduodenal complaints were common among non-secretors. Sixty-two percent of patients with a combination of duodenal ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux and 54% of patients with gastritis were non-secretors. Of 290 samples, 31.02% were positive for H. pylori. Thirty percent of these tested positive for babA gene; the majority belonged to non-secretor blood group O. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the infection of H. pylori is correlated with ABO blood groups and blood group antigens secretion in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Folseraas T, Melum E, Rausch P, Juran BD, Ellinghaus E, Shiryaev A, Laerdahl JK, Ellinghaus D, Schramm C, Weismüller TJ, Gotthardt DN, Hov JR, Clausen OP, Weersma RK, Janse M, Boberg KM, Björnsson E, Marschall HU, Cleynen I, Rosenstiel P, Holm K, Teufel A, Rust C, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Bergquist A, Ryu E, Ponsioen CY, Runz H, Sterneck M, Vermeire S, Beuers U, Wijmenga C, Schrumpf E, Manns MP, Lazaridis KN, Schreiber S, Baines JF, Franke A, Karlsen TH. Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci. J Hepatol 2012; 57:366-75. [PMID: 22521342 PMCID: PMC3399030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A limited number of genetic risk factors have been reported in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). To discover further genetic susceptibility factors for PSC, we followed up on a second tier of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). METHODS We analyzed 45 SNPs in 1221 PSC cases and 3508 controls. The association results from the replication analysis and the original GWAS (715 PSC cases and 2962 controls) were combined in a meta-analysis comprising 1936 PSC cases and 6470 controls. We performed an analysis of bile microbial community composition in 39 PSC patients by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Seventeen SNPs representing 12 distinct genetic loci achieved nominal significance (p(replication) <0.05) in the replication. The most robust novel association was detected at chromosome 1p36 (rs3748816; p(combined)=2.1 × 10(-8)) where the MMEL1 and TNFRSF14 genes represent potential disease genes. Eight additional novel loci showed suggestive evidence of association (p(repl) <0.05). FUT2 at chromosome 19q13 (rs602662; p(comb)=1.9 × 10(-6), rs281377; p(comb)=2.1 × 10(-6) and rs601338; p(comb)=2.7 × 10(-6)) is notable due to its implication in altered susceptibility to infectious agents. We found that FUT2 secretor status and genotype defined by rs601338 significantly influence biliary microbial community composition in PSC patients. CONCLUSIONS We identify multiple new PSC risk loci by extended analysis of a PSC GWAS. FUT2 genotype needs to be taken into account when assessing the influence of microbiota on biliary pathology in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Brian D. Juran
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexey Shiryaev
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K. Laerdahl
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience (CMBN) and Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- 1 Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J. Weismüller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Roksund Hov
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Petter Clausen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Janse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Muri Boberg
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Björnsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Teufel
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Rust
- Department of Medicine 2, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research, Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Cyriel Y. Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heiko Runz
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Schrumpf
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC research center, Department of transplantation medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Nakao M, Matsuo K, Ito H, Shitara K, Hosono S, Watanabe M, Ito S, Sawaki A, Iida S, Sato S, Yatabe Y, Yamao K, Ueda R, Tajima K, Hamajima N, Tanaka H. ABO genotype and the risk of gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1665-72. [PMID: 21680535 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have investigated the association between ABO blood type and risk of gastric cancer (GC), atrophic gastritis (AG), and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, no study has investigated these associations by using ABO genotype. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in 703 patients with GC and 1,465 noncancer patients. We also conducted a cross-sectional study by using 1,406 of these 1,465 controls, who were examined for pepsinogens and anti-HP IgG antibody levels in serum. ABO genotype was determined from single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABO gene. We used rs8176719 to mark the O allele, and rs8176746 and rs8176747 to mark the B allele. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by a multivariate logistic model. RESULTS We observed significant associations between ABO genotype and GC, AG, and HP infection. ORs (95% CIs) of GC were 0.70 (0.50-0.99) for OO and 0.53 (0.36-0.77) for BO relative to AA genotype. An increased risk of GC was observed with addition of the A allele (P(trend) < 0.001), and a decreased risk with that of the B allele (P(trend) = 0.023). An OR of AG was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.53-0.99) for blood type B relative to blood type A, and an OR of HP infection was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.17-0.87) for BB relative to AA genotype. CONCLUSION This study identified a statistically significant association between ABO genotype and GC risk. In addition, ABO gene locus may influence AG prevalence and HP infection. IMPACT Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakao
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Moore ME, Borén T, Solnick JV. Life at the margins: modulation of attachment proteins in Helicobacter pylori. Gut Microbes 2011; 2:42-6. [PMID: 21637017 PMCID: PMC3225796 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.2.1.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease and is estimated to account for about 60% of all cases of gastric cancer, the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the H. pylori virulence factors associated with disease, in addition to the well-known cag pathogenicity island, is the BabA adhesin, an outer membrane protein that binds with high affinity to fucosylated glycans on the gastric epithelium, such as Lewis B (Le(b)) and related terminal fucose residues found on the blood group O (H antigen), A and B antigens. BabA-mediated attachment to the gastric mucosa promotes chronic inflammation and gastric pathology, which from the bacterial perspective carries both risks and benefits. We recently described modulation in expression of BabA and related outer membrane proteins that occurs during colonization of experimental animals. Here we put these findings into a broader context, and speculate on their implications for the host-pathogen relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Moore
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology; Center for Comparative Medicine; California National Primate Research Center; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Umeå University; Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jay V Solnick
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology; Center for Comparative Medicine; California National Primate Research Center; University of California; Davis School of Medicine; Davis, CA USA
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12
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Edgren G, Hjalgrim H, Rostgaard K, Norda R, Wikman A, Melbye M, Nyrén O. Risk of gastric cancer and peptic ulcers in relation to ABO blood type: a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:1280-5. [PMID: 20937632 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood group A was found to be associated with gastric cancer in the 1950s. Strikingly, for peptic ulcers an increased risk has been shown for blood group O. However, previous investigations have generally been poorly conducted and have failed to take a unifying approach to these observations. Using the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (referred to as "SCANDAT") database, the authors established a cohort of Swedish and Danish blood donors with known blood type and followed these for the occurrence of gastric cancer and peptic ulcers through December 31, 2002. Cases were ascertained by using nationwide cancer and hospital registers. Altogether, 1,089,022 donors were followed for up to 35 years, during which 688 gastric cancer cases and 5,667 peptic ulcer cases accrued. Poisson regression analyses confirmed an increased risk of gastric cancer among individuals with blood group A (incidence rate ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.42) and conversely that peptic ulcer risk was instead highest among those with blood group O. In this large, population-based cohort study, the authors have confirmed the association between blood group A and gastric cancer. In addition, they give further support to the notion that individuals with blood group O have a higher risk of peptic ulcers than those with other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Edgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Corcoran PA, McGuane DE, McGrath AM, Burke CM, Byrne MF. Blood group O and vWf expression may be involved in development of peptic ulcer disease secondary to Helicobacter pylori infection. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:338-9. [PMID: 19423238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative organism involved in peptic ulcer disease and has been linked to a number of extra-intestinal diseases. There is a large body of evidence describing the link between blood group O/non-secretor phenotypes with H. pylori infection and the risk of peptic ulcer disease. Blood group O individuals also have a higher risk of bleeding disorders due to low levels of the circulating plasma protein von Willebrand factor (vWf). vWf is one of the main proteins that binds platelets during platelet activation and aggregation. The mechanisms of how ulcers develop during H. pylori infection are not fully understood. There is however recent evidence of vWf involvement in platelet aggregation in H. pylori infection. Our new hypothesis states that H. pylori bacteria present in blood group O/non-secretor individuals are binding the available vWf to promote adhesion and subsequent platelet aggregation within the microvasculature. This in turn may deplete any available vWf for wound repair to take place leading to an increased risk of peptic ulceration and bleeding and eventually leading to an ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Corcoran
- Castleknock Community College, Castleknock, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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Bayan K, Tüzün Y, Yilmaz S, Dursun M, Canoruc F. Clarifying the relationship between ABO/Rhesus blood group antigens and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:1029-34. [PMID: 18716867 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The relationship between blood group antigens and peptic ulcer disease has been widely evaluated in the past. Data concerning the same association with upper gastrointestinal bleeding are very limited. We aimed to evaluate this association and we thought it was worthwhile to try to determine whether these components take some part in this complication. METHODS The study population consisted of 1,098 adults (364 patients and 734 volunteer blood donors as controls). Demographic features, comorbid illnesses, and use of aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were recorded. Blood groups were examined by gel centrifugation method. We included only patients with bleeding from peptic ulcer disease and erosive gastropathy. Ulcers were classified by using Forrest's classification system in terms of rebleeding risk. Helicobacter pylori was examined by histology. RESULTS The gender distribution was similar in both groups. The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in patients and controls (respectively) was as follows: 46.2% versus 34.9% for group O, 32.4% versus 39.5% for group A, 15.7% versus 18.4% for group B, and 5.8% versus 7.2% for group AB. Blood group O was found to have higher frequency in the patient group than in the control group (P=0.004). Rh positivity was also higher in patients than in controls (P=0.007). H. pylori positivity was similar between blood groups among patients. The rebleeding and mortality rates between blood groups were also similar. CONCLUSION ABO blood group O had an important role in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The impact of blood group on rebleeding and mortality may be a focus for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadim Bayan
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey
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The risk of gastric cancer in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer: research progresses and clinical implications. J Gastrointest Cancer 2009; 38:38-45. [PMID: 19065723 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-008-9015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although controversial, clinicians generally consider patients who present with gastric ulcer to have an increased risk of gastric cancer, while the risk for patients with duodenal ulcer is reduced in comparison with that of the general population. Infection with Helicobacter pylori and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the major causes for peptic ulcers, but their roles in relation to the risk of gastric cancer in patients with peptic ulcer may be different. METHODS AND RESULTS This article reviewed existing literature to assess our understanding of the risk of gastric cancer in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers more than 25 years after the discovery of H. pylori and also examined whether gastric ulcers induced by NSAID carry a lower risk of gastric cancer as compared to those induced by H. pylori infection or other causes.
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Lindén S, Mahdavi J, Semino-Mora C, Olsen C, Carlstedt I, Borén T, Dubois A. Role of ABO secretor status in mucosal innate immunity and H. pylori infection. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e2. [PMID: 18179282 PMCID: PMC2174967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fucosylated ABH antigens, which constitute the molecular basis for the ABO blood group system, are also expressed in salivary secretions and gastrointestinal epithelia in individuals of positive secretor status; however, the biological function of the ABO blood group system is unknown. Gastric mucosa biopsies of 41 Rhesus monkeys originating from Southern Asia were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A majority of these animals were found to be of blood group B and weak-secretor phenotype (i.e., expressing both Lewis a and Lewis b antigens), which are also common in South Asian human populations. A selected group of ten monkeys was inoculated with Helicobacter pylori and studied for changes in gastric mucosal glycosylation during a 10-month period. We observed a loss in mucosal fucosylation and concurrent induction and time-dependent dynamics in gastric mucosal sialylation (carbohydrate marker of inflammation), which affect H. pylori adhesion targets and thus modulate host–bacterial interactions. Of particular relevance, gastric mucosal density of H. pylori, gastritis, and sialylation were all higher in secretor individuals compared to weak-secretors, the latter being apparently “protected.” These results demonstrate that the secretor status plays an intrinsic role in resistance to H. pylori infection and suggest that the fucosylated secretor ABH antigens constitute interactive members of the human and primate mucosal innate immune system. The common ABO blood group antigen system was described in the early 20th century. In addition, it has been known for 60 years that the majority of individuals also express the corresponding ABO antigens (carbohydrate identity tags) in their saliva, tears, milk, and mucus secretions in the digestive tract. To this date, however, the biological function of the ABO blood group antigens has remained an enigma. Here, we show that the great majority of Rhesus monkeys are of blood group B and weak-secretors, i.e., are similar to the human populations in South Asia from where these monkeys originate. This observation suggests that an evolutionary adaptation in digestive tract mucosal carbohydrate patterns to local environmental selection has occurred. In addition, we demonstrate that long-term infection by the “peptic ulcer bacterium” Helicobacter pylori induces mucosal carbohydrate patterns that change according to the individual secretor phenotype. The common weak-secretor monkeys were apparently “protected,” as they had stable glycosylation, lower inflammation, and lower bacterial infection load, whereas the less common secretor animals had increased levels of inflammation-associated mucosal carbohydrate patterns and a transient decrease in the ABO blood group system type of carbohydrates. These novel observations suggest that the individual ABO blood group and secretor phenotype are part of human and non-human primate innate immunity against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lindén
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal and Liver Studies, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jafar Mahdavi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Semino-Mora
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal and Liver Studies, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cara Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ingemar Carlstedt
- Mucosal Biology Group, Department of Cell- and Molecular Biology, BMC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (TB); (AD)
| | - Andre Dubois
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal and Liver Studies, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (TB); (AD)
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Teneberg S. The Multiple Carbohydrate Binding Specificities of Helicobacter pylori. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 288:121-38. [PMID: 22328028 DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Adhesion of microbes to the target tissue is an important determinant for successful initiation, establishment and maintenance of infection, and a variety of different candidate carbohydrate receptors for H. pylori have been identified. Here the different the binding specifities, and their potential role in adhesion to human gastric epithelium are described. Finally, recent findings on the roles of sialic acid binding SabA adhesin in interactions with human neutrophils and erythrocytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Teneberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, P.O. Box 440, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden,
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Seyda T, Derya C, Füsun A, Meliha K. The relationship of Helicobacter pylori positivity with age, sex, and ABO/Rhesus blood groups in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Turkey. Helicobacter 2007; 12:244-50. [PMID: 17493005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the magnitude of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Turkey. METHODS We studied 1680 patients with variable gastrointestinal complaints. The H. pylori infection status was determined using C-14 urea breath test (UBT). Overall, 1567 patients (548 male, 1019 female; age range 4-80 years, mean 29.37 +/- 17.30 years) were included in this study. The relationship between H. pylori positivity and age, sex, sociodemographic characteristic, blood groups, and gastrointestinal diagnosis was determined. RESULTS H. pylori positivity was found to be 68%. The difference in positivity rates between age groups 4-9 years and other groups was statistically significant (p = .001). H. pylori positivity was 67.7% in males and 68.2% in females (p = .865). H. pylori positivity was 72.1, 65.1, 70, and 68.4% in blood groups A, B, AB, and O (p = .703), and 68.9% and 76.3% in Rh (+) and Rh (-) blood subgroups, respectively (p = .292). There was no statistically significant difference between H. pylori positivity and gastrointestinal diagnosis (p = .980). There was significant association between increased number of household members and low socioeconomic status, and H. pylori positivity (p < .001). Living in rural and suburban area was significantly associated with H. pylori positivity compared with living in urban. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection positivity rate was 68% in symptomatic subjects in Turkey and the positivity rate was significantly lower at age 4-9 years than the other age groups. It was not related to gender, ABO, and Rh blood groups and gastrointestinal diagnosis. Low socioeconomic conditions and living in rural and suburban area were significantly associated with H. pylori positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkölmez Seyda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liou JM, Lin JT, Wang HP, Huang SP, Lee YC, Chiu HM, Shun CT, Wu MS. IL-1B-511 C-->T polymorphism is associated with increased host susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese. Helicobacter 2007; 12:142-9. [PMID: 17309751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heritability of Helicobacter pylori infection from twin studies has been reported to be 0.66. However, few data were available on the host susceptibility to H. pylori infection in Chinese. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the IL-1B and IL-1RN single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and ABO blood types on the host susceptibility to H. pylori infection. METHODS Individuals who underwent routine health check-up were enrolled. Genotyping was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing and size fractionation using DNA from peripheral blood samples. Odds ratios (OR) for the susceptibility of H. pylori infection were computed from logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 62% among the 663 healthy individuals, with 54.7, 63.5, and 66.9% in persons genotyped C/C, C/T, and T/T at IL-1B-511, respectively. Age (OR 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.07, p < .001) and T carrier at IL-1B-511 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.06-2.30, p = .026) were independent factors associated with increased risks of H. pylori infection in the multivariate analysis. The risks of H. pylori infection were not related to IL-1RN SNP and ABO blood types. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that a proinflammatory polymorphism at IL-1B promoter gene is associated with increased host susceptibility to H. pylori infection in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sharara AI, Abdul-Baki H, ElHajj I, Kreidieh N, Kfoury Baz EM. Association of gastroduodenal disease phenotype with ABO blood group and Helicobacter pylori virulence-specific serotypes. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38:829-33. [PMID: 16931196 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Lebanon and the association between virulence factors (cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A), ABO blood groups, and disease phenotype. METHODS One hundred and thirty symptomatic patients with H. pylori-associated endoscopic findings and 104 healthy male donors (age range 18-55) were evaluated. Both, patients and donors underwent ABO blood typing and Western blot for cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection in healthy donors is 68.3%. Type I (cytotoxin-associated gene A- and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A-positive) was the predominant phenotype in all groups, though significantly less common in the asymptomatic population (46.5%) than in patients with benign disease (71.4%, p<0.01) or malignancy (71.6%, p<0.05). Type II (cytotoxin-associated gene A- and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A-negative) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene A-only strains were more common in the asymptomatic cohort. Overall, 35.2% of asymptomatic individuals and 10.8% of patients with benign disease were cytotoxin-associated gene A-negative (p<0.01). There was no significant association between immunoserotypes, ABO groups or benign gastroduodenal disease. All gastric malignancies (lymphoma and adenocarcinoma) were cytotoxin-associated gene A-positive but this was not significantly different from patients with benign disease. We found a higher prevalence of blood group A in patients with gastric malignancy than in the general population [47.6% versus 25%, p=0.037; RR=2.73 (1.04-7.16; 95% CI)]. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of H. pylori is moderately high in Lebanon. Phenotypic classification identifies a higher prevalence of Type I in symptomatic patients. A significant relationship between infection with a cytotoxin-associated gene A-positive strain in blood type A patients and the risk of gastric malignancy was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Sharara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Martins LC, de Oliveira Corvelo TC, Oti HT, do Socorro Pompeu Loiola R, Aguiar DCF, dos Santos Barile KA, do Amaral RKC, Barbosa HPM, Fecury AA, de Souza JT. ABH and Lewis antigen distributions in blood, saliva and gastric mucosa and H pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1120-4. [PMID: 16534856 PMCID: PMC4087907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i7.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the ABH and Lewis antigen expression in erythrocytes, saliva and gastric epithelium, as well as the association between H pylori and the presence of gastric epithelial lesions.
METHODS: The distribution of ABH and Lewis blood group antigens in erythrocytes, saliva and gastric mucosa of H pylori-infected gastric ulcer patients was analyzed. Forty-two patients with gastric ulcer were studied, and fifty healthy individuals were used as control group. The blood group antigens were determined by direct hemagglutination, dot-ELISA and immunohistochemical methods in erythrocytes, saliva and gastric mucosa specimens, respectively. Diagnosis for H pylori infection was performed by conventional optical microscopy and ELISA.
RESULTS: A higher seroprevalence of IgG H pylori specific antibodies was observed in gastric ulcer patients (90%) compared to the control group (60%). We observed a significant increase of phenotypes O, A2 and Lewis b in H pylori-infected patients. The expression of these antigens had progressive alterations in areas of ulcerous lesions and intestinal metaplasia.
CONCLUSION: ABH and Lewis blood group antigens are a good indicator for cellular alterations in the gastric epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Caricio Martins
- Immunogenetics Laboratory , Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
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Ernst PB, Peura DA, Crowe SE. The translation of Helicobacter pylori basic research to patient care. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:188-206; quiz 212-3. [PMID: 16401482 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1984, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren proposed a role for bacterial infections in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease, which triggered an avalanche of research intended to prove or disprove their theory. The result has been a series of advances that have enhanced our understanding of these diseases and completely modernized the clinical approach to their management. In just over 20 years, many aspects of the immunopathogenesis of these diseases have been dissected at the molecular level, with key pathogenic mechanisms being validated by the identification of genes that are associated with the development of gastric cancer. There has been particular emphasis on understanding the molecular structures associated with Helicobacter pylori and their role in modifying the host responses. Gastric immune and inflammatory responses have emerged as key elements in the pathogenesis of gastritis and epithelial cell damage. This review summarizes important findings emanating from basic research primarily related to the immunopathogenesis of H pylori that have advanced the practice of medicine or our understanding of gastroduodenal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Ernst
- Digestive Health Center of Excellence, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0708, USA.
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Kanbay M, Gür G, Arslan H, Yilmaz U, Boyacioglu S. The relationship of ABO blood group, age, gender, smoking, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1214-7. [PMID: 16047462 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that blood group antigens are related to the development of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. This study sought to determine the relationship between H. pylori and ABO/Rhesus blood groups, age, gender, and smoking. Patients (335 women and 205 men; mean age, 51.68 +/- 15.0 years; range, 18-85 years) who attended our outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. All patients were randomly selected in each age group. Demographic data recorded for each patient included age, gender, and tobacco use. Blood samples were tested for H. pylori antibodies, and ABO/Rhesus blood group antigen typing was performed. Serum antibodies were tested against H. pylori infection. Prevalences of all blood groups were O (29.2%), A (38.2%), B (17.8%), and AB (14.8%). As expected from previous studies, we found that seropositivity for H. pylori increased with age. H. pylori Ig G antibody positivity was detected in 185 of 335 women (60.6%), compared with 88 of 205 men (42.9%), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). H. pylori Ig G antibody positivity was detected in 206 of 379 nonsmokers (54.3%) compared with 67 of 161 smokers (41.6%), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Patients in blood groups A and O were more prone to H. pylori infection than were patients in other blood groups (P < 0.05), and patients in the AB blood group were less prone to H. pylori infection compared with patients in other blood groups (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that H. pylori infection can be related to ABO blood group, age, gender, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Fevzi Cakmak Caddesi, 10 Sokak, No. 45, Bahcelievler, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
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Meyer E, Ebner W, Scholz R, Dettenkofer M, Daschner FD. Nosocomial outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis and investigation of ABO histo-blood group type in infected staff and patients. J Hosp Infect 2004; 56:64-6. [PMID: 14706273 PMCID: PMC7124243 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood groups were analysed of staff and patients (N=45) infected during two nosocomial outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis at a German University hospital. Persons with O phenotype were significantly less affected than was expected from the normal distribution of blood group types in Southwest Germany (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.22-4.95; P=0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meyer
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Hospital, Hugstetterstr. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
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Russo A, Maconi G, Lombardo C, Settesoldi D, Ferrari D, Ravagnani F, Andreola S, Pizzetti P, Spinelli P, Bertario L. Human leukocyte antigen class II genes and Helicobacter pylori infection: does genotype overwhelm environmental exposure? Nutrition 2003; 19:708-15. [PMID: 12921878 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)01034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between human leukocyte antigen class II genes, environmental exposures, and Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS Sixty-eight subjects with histologically confirmed H. pylori and intestinal metaplasia (cases) and 70 healthy subjects without H. pylori (controls) matched for age, sex, and year of birth were included in this study. All patients answered a detailed questionnaire designed to collect sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, and dietary habits. Human leukocyte antigen class II genes were typed with genomic DNA. The cytotoxins CagA and VacA were investigated with serology. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to represent the interrelationships of a multiple contingency table. RESULTS Human leukocyte antigen DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genotypes were not significantly associated with H. pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia. No significant association with blood group or Lewis antigen system was found. However, multiple correspondence analysis clearly associated H. pylori with environmental exposure: the control group largely consumed olive oil, fresh fruits, and vegetables and histories of never or formerly smoking and the case group (those positive for H. pylori and metaplasia) largely consumed eggs, meat and butter and had histories of smoking cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that H. pylori infection is not influenced by a genetic compound and confirmed the relevance of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Russo
- Epidemiology Unit, Local Health Authority of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sörberg M, Nyrén O, Granström M. Unexpected decrease with age of Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence among Swedish blood donors. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4038-42. [PMID: 12958222 PMCID: PMC193826 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.9.4038-4042.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood donors are often used as proxies for the general population in studies of Helicobacter pylori epidemiology. Our aim was to test if the age-specific seroprevalence rates among blood donors match with the corresponding rates in a random population sample. This descriptive study was based on sera obtained from 3,502 blood donors representing all Swedish counties and cities. An age-stratified random population sample of 1,030 from Stockholm County served as comparison. Sera were analyzed by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies. In the population sample, we found the expected increase with age in the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection. This was true also among young blood donors, while the prevalence-by-age curve showed a deflection downward among blood donors who are >/= 50 years of age. In this age group, the probability of being seropositive was reduced by 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63 to 81%) relative to the population sample. Overall, the adjusted odds ratio for H. pylori seropositivity among blood donors was decreased by 43% (95% CI, 28 to 55%). Thus, it appears that blood donors who are H. pylori seropositive selectively disappear from the blood donor cohort. We speculate that H. pylori-seropositive blood donors may tolerate repeated bleedings less well than do noninfected individuals and/or that the general well-being among those who are infected may be somewhat impaired. Our unexpected observation indicates that blood donors may be less suitable as proxies for the general population in analytic studies of H. pylori infection and that the underlying cause needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sörberg
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, MTC, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu TC, Chen LK, Hwang SJ. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in school-aged Chinese in Taipei City and relationship between ABO blood groups. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1752-5. [PMID: 12918114 PMCID: PMC4611537 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i8.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the seropositive rate of antibodies against H. pylori (anti-HP) in Taipei City and to compare the relationship of ABO blood groups and H. pylori infection.
METHODS: In 1993, high school students in Shih-Lin District were randomly selected for blood samplings by their registration number at school. In addition, similar procedures were performed on the well-children clinics of Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Besides, randomly selected sera from the adults who took the physical examination were recruited for evaluation. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects before blood samplings and parents were simultaneously informed for those who were younger than 18-year-old. Blood tests for anti-HP and ABO blood groupings were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chi square tests were used for the comparisons between seroprevalence of H. pylori and ABO blood groups.
RESULTS: Totally, 685 subjects were recruited (260 children aged 1-14 years, 425 high school students aged 15-18 years) were evaluated, and another 88 adult healthy volunteers were studied as well for comparison. The age-specific seropositive rate of anti-HP was 1.3% at age 1-5 years, 7.7% at age 6-10 years, and 11.5% at age 11-14 years. The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was abruptly increased in young adolescence: 18.6% at age 15 years, 28.1% at age 16 years, 32.4% at age 17 years and 41.0% at age 18 years, respectively. In the 425 high school students, ABO blood groupings were performed, which disclosed 48.5% (206/425) of blood group O, 24% (102/425) of blood group A, 21.8% (93/425) of blood group B and 5.6% (24/425) of blood group AB. In comparison of the subjects with blood group O and the other blood groups, no statistical significance could be identified in the seroprevalence of H. pylori (P = 0.99).
CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in Taipei City in adults is similar to the developed countries, and the abrupt increase of H. pylori during high school may be resulted from marked increase of interpersonal social activities. Although blood group O was reported to be related to H. pylori infection in previous literature, we found no association between H. pylori infection and ABO blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzee-Chung Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Medical Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road Sec 2, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan.
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Getahun H, Lambein F, Van der Stuyft P. ABO blood groups, grass pea preparation, and neurolathyrism in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96:700-3. [PMID: 12625154 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An exploratory study was conducted in the rural Estie district of Ethiopia in 1997 to identify the role of ABO blood group, rhesus factor, and type of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) diet in the susceptibility to neurolathyrism. Five-hundred study subjects (250 cases and 250 controls) were examined and interviewed, and had their ABO and rhesus blood groups determined. The majority (86%) of the cases were males. Blood group O was the most common in the patients and controls followed by groups A, B, and AB. The vast majority of the study subjects were rhesus-positive. The gravy (Shiro) grass pea preparation was consumed by 91.6% of the study population, boiled (Nifiro) by 86%, and roasted (Kollo) by 56.4%. Almost half (48%) of the cases had consumed grass pea for > 4 months compared to 8% of controls (P < 0.001). There was a significant association between the risk for neurolathyrism and the consumption of boiled (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 98.4) and roasted (AOR = 55.62) forms of grass pea. There was no risk of paralysis associated with consumption of the gravy form of grass pea (AOR = 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.1-2.0). Blood group O remained significantly associated with the disease after adjusting for age, type of grass pea preparation consumed, and duration of consumption (AOR = 2.90).
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30
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Weill FX, Margeridon S, Broutet N, Le Hello S, Neyret C, Mégraud F. Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Guadeloupe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96:517-9. [PMID: 12474479 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
854 sera collected from blood donors in Guadeloupe were screened for Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The overall prevalence was 55.2%; it increased significantly with age from 36.1% at 18-19 years to 63.7% at 50-59 years (P = 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Weill
- Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, B.P. 484, 97165 Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
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31
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Teneberg S, Leonardsson I, Karlsson H, Jovall PA, Angstrom J, Danielsson D, Naslund I, Ljungh A, Wadstrom T, Karlsson KA. Lactotetraosylceramide, a novel glycosphingolipid receptor for Helicobacter pylori, present in human gastric epithelium. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:19709-19. [PMID: 11914375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of Helicobacter pylori to glycosphingolipids was examined by binding of (35)S-labeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. In addition to previously reported binding specificities, a selective binding to a non-acid tetraglycosylceramide of human meconium was found. This H. pylori binding glycosphingolipid was isolated and, on the basis of mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and degradation studies, were identified as Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer (lactotetraosylceramide). When using non-acid glycosphingolipid preparations from human gastric epithelial cells, an identical binding of H. pylori to the tetraglycosylceramide interval was obtained in one of seven samples. Evidence for the presence of lactotetraosylceramide in the binding-active interval was obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy of intact glycosphingolipids and by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry of permethylated tetrasaccharides obtained by ceramide glycanase hydrolysis. The lactotetraosylceramide binding property was detected in 65 of 74 H. pylori isolates (88%). Binding of H. pylori to lactotetraosylceramide on thin-layer chromatograms was inhibited by preincubation with lactotetraose but not with lactose. Removal of the terminal galactose of lactotetraosylceramide by galactosidase hydrolysis abolished the binding as did hydrazinolysis of the acetamido group of the N-acetylglucosamine. Therefore, Galbeta3GlcNAc is an essential part of the binding epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, P. O. Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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32
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Pichardo R, González J, Sánchez H, Moreno M, Barquera F, Estevez HO, Uribe M. Lack of association between Helicobacter sp colonization and gallstone disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 32:138-41. [PMID: 11205649 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200102000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Helicobacter sp has been identified in resected gallbladder tissue and in collected bile from Chilean patients with chronic cholecystitis. Therefore, it an association between bile Helicobacter sp and gallbladder cancer has been proposed. Interestingly, both Helicobacter colonization and gallstone disease (GD) happen very frequently in Chile. However, whether there is an association between Helicobacter colonization and GD has not been completely studied. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Helicobacter in human gallbladder tissues with GD. The study included 95 Mexican patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Collected gallbladder specimens were assessed to identify Helicobacter sp using histology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using Helicobacter-specific 16-S ribosomal RNA primers. Of the 95 specimens examined in detail, all had stones as follows: 56 (59%) had chronic cholecystitis; 7 (7.4%), acute cholecystitis: 15 (16%), both chronic and acute cholecystitis, 10 (9.5%), cholesterolosis, and 7 (7.4%), lymphoid hyperplasia. Specimens were considered positive for Helicobacter when histology was positive. Only 1 of the 95 specimens was positive for Helicobacter by immunohistochemistry analysis; 1 of 32 cases, by PCR. These results suggest a low incidence of Helicobacter in the gallbladder epithelium of Mexican patients with GD. However, we can not discard the existence of uncommon Helicobacter sp in gallbladder epithelium and its association with gallstone pathogenesis. Additionally, this study suggests no apparent association between GD and Helicobacter colonization in a Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Méndez-Sánchez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Prevalence determinations have been performed around the world, and regardless of how exotic a location, H. pylori is found in a substantial proportion of the population. H. pylori remains among the most universal of infections. Understanding of some features of infection has changed. Infection can be gained and lost at rates higher than previously realized. Oral-oral and oral-fecal transmission account for most, if not nearly all, cases of infection. H. pylori infection has declined rapidly in developed countries, which probably has contributed to declines in duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The full health implications of the potential elimination of infection are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Everhart
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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López-Ferrer A, de Bolós C, Barranco C, Garrido M, Isern J, Carlstedt I, Reis CA, Torrado J, Real FX. Role of fucosyltransferases in the association between apomucin and Lewis antigen expression in normal and malignant gastric epithelium. Gut 2000; 47:349-56. [PMID: 10940270 PMCID: PMC1728024 DOI: 10.1136/gut.47.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal gastric epithelium, MUC5AC is detected in superficial epithelium associated with Lewis type 1 antigens and MUC6 is detected in antral glands with Lewis type 2. Therefore, the stomach constitutes an excellent model to examine the role of glycosyltransferases in determining the specificity of apomucin glycosylation. AIMS To determine the molecular basis of this association and to examine changes in expression of gastric and intestinal apomucins and their association with Lewis antigens during the gastric carcinogenesis process. METHODS Fucosyltransferase (FUT1, FUT2, FUT3) and mucin (MUC5AC, MUC6) transcripts were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apomucin (MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6) and Lewis antigen (types 1 and 2) expression were analysed using single and double immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. RESULTS In the normal stomach, FUT1 is exclusively detected associated with MUC6; FUT2 is only detected when MUC5AC is present. This co-regulation is lost in gastric tumours, as is differential expression of MUC5AC and MUC6 in normal gastric epithelial cells. In gastric tumours, especially those with the intestinal phenotype, MUC2 and MUC4 genes are upregulated, and gastric-type and intestinal-type mucins are coexpressed. These changes are early events in the gastric carcinogenesis process, as they are detected in intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS The glycosylation pattern found in normal gastric epithelium is dictated by the specific set of fucosyltranferases expressed by the cells rather than by the apomucin sequence. The development of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer is associated with the appearance of cellular phenotypes that are absent from normal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Ferrer
- Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Ramarao N, Gray-Owen SD, Backert S, Meyer TF. Helicobacter pylori inhibits phagocytosis by professional phagocytes involving type IV secretion components. Mol Microbiol 2000; 37:1389-404. [PMID: 10998171 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastric infections by Helicobacter pylori are characteristically associated with an intense inflammation and infiltration of mainly polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. The inflammatory response by infiltrated immune cells appears to be a primary cause of the damage to surface epithelial layers and may eventually result in gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and/or MALT-associated gastric lymphoma. Our analysis of the interaction between H. pylori and PMNs and monocytes revealed that H. pylori inhibits its own uptake by these professional phagocytes. To some degree, this effect resembles antiphagocytosis by Yersinia enterocolitica. Increasing numbers of bacteria associated per cell are more efficient at blocking their own engulfment. In H. pylori, bacterial protein synthesis is necessary to block phagocytic uptake, as shown by the time and concentration dependence of the bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol. Furthermore, H. pylori appears broadly to inhibit the phagocytic function of monocytes and PMNs, as infection with H. pylori abrogates the phagocytes' ability to engulf latex beads or adherent Neisseria gonorrhoeae cells. This antiphagocytic phenotype depends on distinct virulence (vir) genes, such as virB7 and virB11, encoding core components of a putative type IV secretion apparatus. Our data indicate that H. pylori exhibits an antiphagocytic activity that may play an essential role in the immune escape of this persistent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramarao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Spemannstrasse 34, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Heneghan MA, McCarthy CF, Moran AP. Relationship of blood group determinants on Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide with host lewis phenotype and inflammatory response. Infect Immun 2000; 68:937-41. [PMID: 10639467 PMCID: PMC97226 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.2.937-941.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As Lewis a (Le(a)) and Lewis b (Le(b)) blood group antigens are isoforms of Lewis x (Le(x)) and Lewis y (Le(y)) and are expressed in the gastric mucosa, we evaluated whether the patterns of expression of Le(x) and Le(y) on Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharides reflected those of host expression of Le(a) and Le(b). When 79 patients (secretors and nonsecretors) were examined for concordance between bacterial and host Le expression, no association was found (chi(2) = 5.734, 3 df, P = 0.125), nor was there a significant difference between the amount of Le(x) or Le(y) expressed on isolates from ulcer and chronic gastritis patients (P > 0.05). Also, the effect of host and bacterial expression of Le antigens on bacterial colonization and the observed inflammatory response was assessed. In ulcer patients, Le(x) expression was significantly related to neutrophil infiltration (r(s) = 0.481, P = 0.024), whereas in chronic gastritis patients significant relationships were found between Le(x) expression and H. pylori colonization density (r(s) = 0.296, P = 0.03), neutrophil infiltrate (r(s) = 0.409, P = 0. 001), and lymphocyte infiltrate (r(s) = 0.389, P = 0.002). Furthermore, bacterial Le(y) expression was related to neutrophil (r(s) = 0.271, P = 0.033) and lymphocyte (r(s) = 0.277, P = 0.029) infiltrates. Thus, although no evidence of concordance was found between bacterial and host expression of Le determinants, these antigens may be crucial for bacterial colonization, and the ensuing inflammatory response appears, at least in part, to be influenced by Le antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Heneghan
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, University College Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Del Bianco T, Borgoni R, Del Bianco P, Cedaro P, Vianello F, Danieli GA, Di Mario F. Peptic ulcer inheritance in patients with elevated serum pepsinogen group A levels and without infection of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Liver Dis 2000; 32:12-9. [PMID: 10975749 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(00)80038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer has multifactorial aetiology, including genetic factors. We have identified a family with pepsinogen Group A levels higher than normal, with a high prevalence of ulcer disease and a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. AIMS Performing linkage analysis in the identified family PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the segregation of pepsinogens with microsatellite dinucleotide repeat DNA markers along chromosome 11 (D11S480, PYGM) for pepsinogen Group A and along chromosome 6 [D6S105, D6S 1610, TRMI) for pepsinogen Group C. RESULTS In markers examined along chromosome 11, linkage analysis provided no evidence for significant causal mutation but, controlling for some risk factors we observed that the probability of falling ill, increases. The linkage analysis along chromosome 6 for pepsinogen Group C did not show a uniform genetic profile. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluates the hypothesis of peptic ulcer inheritance at least in a small group of patients without the common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Del Bianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Italy.
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Lingwood CA. Glycolipid receptors for verotoxin and Helicobacter pylori: role in pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1455:375-86. [PMID: 10571026 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell surface glycolipids can act as both the primary interface between bacteria and their host and secondly as a targeting mechanism for bacterial virulence factors. The former is characterized by redundancy in adhesin-receptor interactions and the latter by a higher affinity, more restrictive glycolipid binding specificity for targeting. Interactions of verotoxin with its glycolipid receptor globotriaosylceramide and Helicobacter pylori binding to a variety of different glycolipids, which can be environmentally regulated, provide examples of these differing modes of glycolipid receptor function. Verotoxins are involved in endothelial targeting in the microangiopathies of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The highly restricted binding specificity and crystal structure of the verotoxin B subunit have allowed theoretical modeling of the Gb3 binding site of the verotoxin B subunit pentamer which provides an approach to intervention. Studies of the role of glycolipid function in verotoxin-induced disease have concentrated on the distribution of Gb3 and its ability to mediate the internalization of the toxin within the target cell. The distribution of Gb3 within the renal glomerulus plays a central role in defining the age-related etiology of HUS following gastrointestinal infection with VT producing Escherichia coli. H. pylori, on the other hand, instigates a less distinct but more complex disseminated gastric inflammation. Studies on the role of glycolipid receptors in H. pylori infection have been bogged down in establishing the importance of each binding specificity defined. In addition, the physiological condition of the organism within the various binding assays has not been extensively considered, such that spurious non-physiological interactions may have been elucidated. The identification and cloning of a Le(b) binding adhesin and the identification of cell surface hsp70 as a mediator of sulfoglycolipid binding under stress conditions may now allow a more molecular approach to define the role of glycolipid recognition in this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lingwood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, and Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Canada.
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McKeown I, Orr P, Macdonald S, Kabani A, Brown R, Coghlan G, Dawood M, Embil J, Sargent M, Smart G, Bernstein CN. Helicobacter pylori in the Canadian arctic: seroprevalence and detection in community water samples. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:1823-9. [PMID: 10406242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many North American arctic communities are characterized by risk markers associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, including overcrowded housing and inadequate water supply and sanitation systems. Our aim was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in two traditional Inuit communities in the central Canadian arctic and to test for the presence of H. pylori, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in local water supplies. METHODS Samples of venous whole blood from adults and capillary blood from children were collected and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and Helisal Rapid Test, respectively, for IgG antibody to H. pylori. Antibodies to CagA were detected by enzyme immunoassay, and ABO and Lewis antigens were also determined. Demographic and clinical information were collected by questionnaire. Water samples from each community were tested for H. pylori by PCR. RESULTS One hundred-thirty (50.8%) of 256 subjects from the two communities were positive for H. pylori IgG antibodies. Seropositive subjects were more likely to be male, compared with seronegative individuals (p = 0.01). Antibody status did not differ with respect to age, community, alcohol or cigarette use, number of persons per household, gastrointestinal complaints or previous investigations, medications, or presence of blood group O, Lewis a-b+. CagA antibodies were detected in 78 (61.9%) of 126 H. pylori-seropositive subjects tested; however, 41 (35.3%) of 116 H. pylori-seronegative subjects were also CagA positive. Water samples taken from the water delivery truck in Chesterfield Inlet and two lakes near Repulse Bay were positive for H. pylori. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of H. pylori in the study group was higher than rates in southern Canadian populations, but lower than the seroprevalence previously documented in a Canadian subarctic Indian (First Nations) community. The detection of H. pylori in local water supplies may indicate a natural reservoir for the organism or possible contamination from human sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I McKeown
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
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40
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Bernstein CN, McKeown I, Embil JM, Blanchard JF, Dawood M, Kabani A, Kliewer E, Smart G, Coghlan G, MacDonald S, Cook C, Orr P. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, incidence of gastric cancer, and peptic ulcer-associated hospitalizations in a Canadian Indian population. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44:668-74. [PMID: 10219820 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026689103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The living conditions of many aboriginal communities in Canada may place their residents at risk for H. pylori infection. Our aims were to determine: (1) the seroprevalence of H. pylori in a traditional Indian community, (2) the clinical relevance of H. pylori infection in this population, and (3) if H. pylori could be identified by polymerase chain reaction from the local water. A demographic questionnaire was administered, and blood was collected from subjects in an Indian community in northwestern Manitoba. The serum was analyzed by ELISA for IgG to H. pylori and to CagA. ABO and Lewis antigens were tested. Age-adjusted incidence of gastric cancer and of hospitalizations associated with diagnoses of peptic ulcer were determined for the Indian and non-Indian Manitoba population in the years 1989-1993. Nested PCR was performed on lake water using H. pylori-specific primers and the amplicons probed with an internal Dig-labeled probe. Three hundred six (59%) of approximately 518 individuals who were resident in the community at the time of the study were enrolled. The ELISA for H. pylori was positive in 291 (95%). There was no association between H. pylori seropositivity and age, sex, gastrointestinal complaints, medications, housing characteristics, and ABO or Lewis antigen status. CagA was positive in 84.5% of infected subjects. The average annual age-adjusted incidence of hospitalizations associated with diagnoses of peptic ulcer disease in Manitoba was higher for treaty-status Indians (394.3/100,000) than for non-Indians (203.8/100,000), but gastric cancer rates were similar (11.2/100,000 vs 11.6/100,000). No H. pylori DNA was detected in the lake water. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of CagA-positive H. pylori is high in this representative Manitoban Indian community. This may be associated with an increased risk for peptic ulcer disease but is not associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Bernstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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41
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Bode G, Rothenbacher D, Brenner H, Adler G. Variation in the 13C-urea breath test value by nationality in Helicobacter pylori-infected children. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33:468-72. [PMID: 9648984 DOI: 10.1080/00365529850172016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 13C-urea breath (13C-UBT) test value is (semi-)quantitatively related to Helicobacter pylori density in the gastric antrum, and the value correlates with the grade of gastritis. The aim of this study was to assess variation of the 13C-urea breath test value by sociodemographic factors in H. pylori-positive children. METHODS The analysis was performed on 127 asymptomatic children (aged 5-7 years) who were identified as H. pylori-positive with the 13C-UBT test in a large population-based epidemiologic study in the city of Ulm (southern Germany). The parents of the children were asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire about sociodemographic data. RESULTS Forty-two infected children (33.1%) were of German nationality, 47 children (37.0%) were of Turkish and 38 children (29.9%) were of another nationality. Turkish children had a significantly higher 13C-UBT value (geometric mean = 27.2%) than German children (16.7%) or children with another nationality (19.3%) (P < 0.001). Girls had a trend towards higher values than boys (P = 0.058 after adjustment for nationality). Body mass index, education of the parents, and prior use of antibiotics were unrelated to the extent of the 13C-UBT. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant variation in the extent of the 13C value by nationality among H. pylori-infected children. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes and potential consequences of these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bode
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
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Heneghan MA, Moran AP, Feeley KM, Egan EL, Goulding J, Connolly CE, McCarthy CF. Effect of host Lewis and ABO blood group antigen expression on Helicobacter pylori colonisation density and the consequent inflammatory response. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1998; 20:257-66. [PMID: 9626930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1998.tb01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis(b) blood group antigen has been implicated as a putative receptor for Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, an increased prevalence of duodenal ulcer was found in non-secretors and it has been suggested that secretor status may influence bacterial colonisation density. Other investigators have hypothesised that severity of antral gastritis may be related to colonisation density of the bacterium alone, and that a critical bacterial load is necessary for the development of duodenal ulcer. Our objectives were to investigate whether a relationship existed between host Lewis and ABO blood group phenotype and prevalence of H. pylori infection. In addition we investigated whether bacterial colonisation density and the ensuing inflammatory response was influenced by secretor status and ABO blood group phenotype. The Lewis and ABO blood group phenotype of 207 patients undergoing upper endoscopy was determined. Of these, 136 were secretors and 62 were nonsecretors. Forty-five percent of patients were infected with H. pylori. No significant association was found between H. pylori infection and expression of Lewis(a) or Lewis(b) blood group antigen. The mean histological density of H. pylori was 1.8 +/- 0.2 among non-secretors and 1.51 +/- 0.13 among secretors (P = 0.209), with a mean grade of lymphocytic infiltration significantly greater in H. pylori-infected non-secretors (2.23 +/- 0.123 vs 1.8 +/- 0.074; P = 0.003). In addition, blood group O non-secretors had a significantly higher grade of lymphocyte infiltration of their gastric mucosa compared to non-O non-secretors (2.53 +/- 0.133 vs 1.93 +/- 0.181, P = 0.027). These results suggest that although no in vivo relationship exists between H. pylori and preferential adhesion to the putative Lewis(b) receptor, bacterial colonisation and the ensuing inflammatory response may be influenced at least in part by host expression of ABO and Lewisa blood group antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Heneghan
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Pocard M, Panis Y, Valleur P, Sarazin D. No correlation between H. pylori and blood groups in gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:621. [PMID: 9496961 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Oberhuber G, Kranz A, Dejaco C, Dragosics B, Mosberger I, Mayr W, Radaszkiewicz T. Blood groups Lewis(b) and ABH expression in gastric mucosa: lack of inter-relation with Helicobacter pylori colonisation and occurrence of gastric MALT lymphoma. Gut 1997; 41:37-42. [PMID: 9274469 PMCID: PMC1027225 DOI: 10.1136/gut.41.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood group Lewis(b) antigens mediate Helicobacter pylori attachment to gastric mucosa with attachment being particularly strong in subjects with ABH blood group O. AIMS To determine whether H pylori colonisation or the occurrence of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas might be related to gastric Lewis(b) expression or occurrence of particular ABH blood groups on gastric mucosa. PATIENTS Gastric resection specimens from 89 cases with gastric MALT lymphoma and gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from 95 patients undergoing upper endoscopy due to upper gastrointestinal complaints, including five cases with gastric MALT lymphoma, were studied. METHODS H pylori was visualised with the Warthin-Starry stain. Immunostaining (Lewis(b), Lewis(a), A, B) was performed by applying a three step immunoperoxidase technique and indirect immunofluorescence staining on formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue. In 40 patients red blood cell Lewis phenotype and ABH blood groups were additionally determined by haemagglutination assay. RESULTS Gastric surface epithelial cells showed an immunoreactivity to blood groups A, B, and AB in 80 (43.5%), 22 (12%), and 11 (6%) cases respectively and no immunoreactivity to any of these blood group substances (blood group O) in 71 (38.5%) patients. Lewis(b) expression of all gastric surface epithelial cells (secretor status) was found in 130 (70.7%) cases. Lewis(a) expression of all gastric surface epithelial cells (non-secretor status) was found in 36 (19.6%) cases, secretor status remained unclassified in 18 (9.8%) patients. Colonisation with H pylori was found in 134 (72.8%) cases. The occurrence of H pylori was neither significantly associated with secretor status nor with certain ABH blood groups. The infiltration of gastric mucosa with MALT lymphoma was highly significantly associated with H pylori colonisation (p < 0.0003) but neither with secretor status nor with certain ABH blood groups. There was no inter-relation between secretor status or ABH blood groups and type, stage, grade of, and survival after MALT lymphoma. CONCLUSION This study failed to show an inter-relation between secretor status or particular ABH blood groups and either H pylori infection or the occurrence of gastric MALT lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oberhuber
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Vienna, Medical School, Wahringer Gürte, Austria
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Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Orentreich N, Vogelman H. Risk for gastric cancer in people with CagA positive or CagA negative Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1997; 40:297-301. [PMID: 9135515 PMCID: PMC1027076 DOI: 10.1136/gut.40.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is not known why some people with Helicobacter pylori infection develop gastric cancer whereas others do not. Whether the CagA phenotype of H pylori infection affected risk for cancer independently of other posited risk factors was evaluated. SUBJECTS 242 persons who participated in a previous nested case-control study of gastric cancer. 179 (90 cases and 89 controls) were infected with H pylori as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum and 63 (13 cases and 50 controls) were uninfected. METHODS Serum samples from cases and controls, obtained a mean of 14.2 years before diagnosis of cancer in the cases, were tested by ELISA for IgG antibodies against the CagA gene product of H pylori. They had previously been tested for pepsinogen I. Using logistic regression analysis, risk for cancer was compared among infected persons with CagA antibodies, infected persons without CagA antibodies, and uninfected persons. RESULTS Subjects infected with H pylori who had CagA antibodies were 5.8-fold more likely than uninfected subjects to develop gastric cancer (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.6-13.0). This was true for both intestinal (odds ratio (OR) 5.1, 95% CI = 2.1-12.2) and diffuse type (OR 10.1, 95% CI = 2.2-47.4) cancers. By contrast, H pylori infected subjects without CagA antibodies were only slightly, and not significantly, at increased risk for cancer (OR 2.2, 95% CI = 0.9-5.4) and any possible association was restricted to diffuse type carcinoma (OR 9.0, 95% CI = 1.2-65.8). Pepsinogen 1 < 50 ng/ml significantly increased risk for both cancer types in H pylori infected persons and lessened the magnitude of association between CagA and cancer. Educational attainment, cigarette smoking, and ABO blood group were not associated with malignancy. CONCLUSIONS When compared with uninfected subjects, persons infected with CagA positive H pylori are at considerably increased risk of gastric cancer. CagA negative H pylori are less strongly linked to malignancy and may only be associated with diffuse type disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine and Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
The blood group antigens have been dismissed by some researchers as merely 'icing on the cake' of glycoprotein structures. The fact that there are no lethal mutations and individuals have been described lacking ABO, H and Lewis antigens seems to lend weight to the argument. This paper reviews the research which suggests that these antigens do indeed have function and argues that blood group antigens play important roles in modulation of protein activity, infection and cancer. It explores the evidence and poses questions as to the relevance and implications of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Greenwell
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Clyne M, Drumm B. Cell envelope characteristics of Helicobacter pylori: their role in adherence to mucosal surfaces and virulence. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 16:141-55. [PMID: 8988394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1996.tb00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonises the gastric mucosa of humans and causes both antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer disease. Exactly how H. pylori causes disease is not known but several pathogenic determinants have been proposed for the organism. These include adhesins, cytotoxins and a range of different enzymes including urease, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Surface molecules of H. pylori such as flagella, lipopolysaccharide, the urease enzyme and outer membrane proteins are putative adhesin molecules. While phosphatidylethanolamine and the Lewis(b) blood group antigen have been proposed as receptor molecules for the organism the exact mechanism by which H. pylori adheres to the gastric mucosa has still to be identified. Characterisation of the adhesins of H. pylori could lead to the development of adhesin analogues for use in the inhibition of colonisation and improved therapy for ulcer disease. In vivo studies with isogenic mutants which are incapable of adhering to the gastric mucosa would greatly clarify the significance of adherence. Such mutants could possibly be useful as a vaccine against infection with wild-type organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clyne
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Dublin, Our Ladys Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Ireland
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Huesca M, Borgia S, Hoffman P, Lingwood CA. Acidic pH changes receptor binding specificity of Helicobacter pylori: a binary adhesion model in which surface heat shock (stress) proteins mediate sulfatide recognition in gastric colonization. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2643-8. [PMID: 8698490 PMCID: PMC174121 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.7.2643-2648.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is one of a number of bacteria which bind specifically to gangliotetraosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, and phosphatidylethanolamine in vitro at neutral pH. Since this organism encounters an acid pH during initial infection of the stomach, we have monitored the effect of pH on receptor binding specificity and found induction of specific binding to sulfoglycolipids (sulfatide) following brief treatment at low pH. We have previously shown that heat shock proteins (hsps) bind to sulfatide, and the suspicion that this was a stress-induced response is supported by the fact that a similar change in H. pylori binding specificity was observed if the organisms were briefly exposed to heat shock treatment. Following the stress stimulus, the change in glycolipid binding specificity was prevented by the inclusion of inhibitors of protein synthesis or by incubation with anti-hsp antibodies. Expression of hsps in the surface extract and surface reactivity with anti-hsp antibodies correlated with the change in glycolipid binding specificity. Despite the presence of high levels of H. pylori cell surface urease activity which may neutralize the microenvironmental pH, the acid-induced change in binding specificity was enhanced in the presence of urea. These studies suggest that cell surface hsps mediate sulfatide recognition by this organism under stress conditions. A binary receptor model is proposed for gastric colonization by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huesca
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Abstract
A gastroenterologist, treating a patient with H. pylori, must decide whether the unit of treatment is only the ill individual, or the family, perhaps including close contacts. If it is the family and close contacts, is it all family members and contacts, or are there some ages, relationships, or clinical characteristics that increase the risk of transmission to the patient after successful treatment of their infection? In preventing reinfection, the available data suggest: the natural infectious dose has not been determined infection may occur from oral or faecal shedding children are more infectious than adults socio-economic factors are important in any comparison of infection rates food and water seem unlikely vehicles in the developed world travel in the third world may increase risk of infection seropositivity in adults predominantly reflects exposure in childhood infection is frequently with more than one strain reinfections are not more frequent in families with other members infected reinfections are infrequent with strains different from the original strain reinfection might be more frequent in developing countries no need for all family members to be treated to reduce reinfection rates. In considering vaccine, the available data suggest: breast milk IgA can reduce infection rate antibodies induced by vaccine may reduce infection in animals late benefit of childhood vaccination in developed countries probable early benefit of childhood vaccination in developing countries vaccination of already infected adults would have cost-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Feldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London Hospital Medical College at QMW, UK
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50
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Kelly RJ, Rouquier S, Giorgi D, Lennon GG, Lowe JB. Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:4640-9. [PMID: 7876235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of soluble A, B, H, and Lewis b blood group antigens in humans is determined by the Secretor (Se) (FUT2) blood group locus. Genetic, biochemical, and molecular analyses indicate that this locus corresponds to an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene distinct from the genetically-linked H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase locus. The accompanying paper (Rouquier, S., Lowe, J. B., Kelly, R. J., Fertitta, A. L., Lennon, G. G., and Giorgi, D. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4632-4639) describes the molecular cloning and mapping of two human DNA segments that are physically linked to, and cross-hybridize with, the H locus. We present here an analysis of these two new DNA segments. One of these, termed Sec1, is a pseudogene, because translational frameshifts and termination codons interrupt potential open reading frames that would otherwise share primary sequence similarity with the H alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. The other DNA segment, termed Sec2, predicts a 332-amino acid-long polypeptide, and a longer isoform, that share 68% sequence identity with the COOH-terminal 292 residues of the human H blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. Sec2 encodes an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase with catalytic properties that mirror those ascribed to the Secretor locus-encoded alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. Approximately 20% of randomly-selected individuals were found to be apparently homozygous for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense allele (Trp143-->ter) at this locus, in correspondence to the frequency of the non-secretor phenotype in most human populations. Furthermore, each of six unrelated non-secretor individuals are also apparently homozygous for this null allele. These results indicate that Sec2 corresponds to the human Secretor blood group locus (FUT2) and indicate that homozygosity for a common nonsense allele is responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype in many non-secretor individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kelly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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