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Rasmussen M, Fredsøe J, Salachan PV, Blanke MPL, Larsen SH, Ulhøi BP, Jensen JB, Borre M, Sørensen KD. Stroma-specific gene expression signature identifies prostate cancer subtype with high recurrence risk. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:48. [PMID: 38395986 PMCID: PMC10891092 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current prognostic tools cannot clearly distinguish indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PC). We hypothesized that analyzing individual contributions of epithelial and stromal components in localized PC (LPC) could improve risk stratification, as stromal subtypes may have been overlooked due to the emphasis on malignant epithelial cells. Hence, we derived molecular subtypes of PC using gene expression analysis of LPC samples from prostatectomy patients (cohort 1, n = 127) and validated these subtypes in two independent prostatectomy cohorts (cohort 2, n = 406, cohort 3, n = 126). Stroma and epithelium-specific signatures were established from laser-capture microdissection data and non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify subtypes based on these signatures. Subtypes were functionally characterized by gene set and cell type enrichment analyses, and survival analysis was conducted. Three epithelial (E1-E3) and three stromal (S1-S3) PC subtypes were identified. While subtyping based on epithelial signatures showed inconsistent associations to biochemical recurrence (BCR), subtyping by stromal signatures was significantly associated with BCR in all three cohorts, with subtype S3 indicating high BCR risk. Subtype S3 exhibited distinct features, including significantly decreased cell-polarity and myogenesis, significantly increased infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages and CD8 + T-cells compared to subtype S1. For patients clinically classified as CAPRA-S intermediate risk, S3 improved prediction of BCR. This study demonstrates the potential of stromal signatures in identification of clinically relevant PC subtypes, and further indicated that stromal characterization may enhance risk stratification in LPC and may be particularly promising in cases with high prognostic ambiguity based on clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Fredsøe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul Vinu Salachan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Pii Lunau Blanke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Hesselby Larsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Sendogan F, Turan T, Erman H, Onur Danacioglu Y, Isman FK, Gokhan Atis R, Selcuk Silay M, Caskurlu T, Yildirim A. The Relationship Between Lymphocyte Subtypes with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. UROLOGY RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2023; 49:253-258. [PMID: 37877827 PMCID: PMC10544148 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2023.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune system has an essential role in the development of cancer by showing both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. Understanding the immune func- tion of patients with malignancy is of clinical importance for the evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. We aimed to evaluate lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood samples of prostate cancer patients and their relationship with clinicopathologi- cal features and prognosis. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven patients who underwent open radical prosta- tectomy were included in our study. The percentages of CD3+T lymphocyte, CD19+ B lymphocyte, CD16/56 natural killer cells, CD4+ helper T lymphocyte, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and CD45 total lymphocyte were evaluated for each patient using the blood sample taken into a hemogram tube before surgery. RESULTS The pathological stage was T2 for 64 of the cases and T3 for 73. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 12.81 ± 6.20 months. The CD3+/CD4+ counts of the patients with pathological stage T2 were found to be statistically significantly higher than stage T3. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the prostate-specific antigen levels and CD3+/CD4+ percentages of the patients. There was no statistical significance between the percentages of lymphocyte subtypes and the presence of surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, adjuvant therapy, and cancer upgrade. CONCLUSION We consider that the increase in the pathological stage and prostate-spe- cific antigen value and the decrease in the number of CD4+ T lymphocyte subtypes may be prognostic markers in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Sendogan
- Department of Urology, Şişli Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Turan
- Urology Clinic, Turgutlu State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Erman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Onur Danacioglu
- Urology Clinic, Health Sciences University Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Kemal Isman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - M. Selcuk Silay
- Department of Urology, Ataşehir Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turhan Caskurlu
- Department of Urology, Ataşehir Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildirim
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Li Y, Xiong C, Wu LL, Zhang BY, Wu S, Chen YF, Xu QH, Liao HF. Tumor subtypes and signature model construction based on chromatin regulators for better prediction of prognosis in uveal melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1610980. [PMID: 37362244 PMCID: PMC10287976 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1610980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Uveal Melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy in adults. This study assessed the importance of chromatin regulators (CRs) in UM and developed a model to predict UM prognosis. Methods: Gene expression data and clinical information for UM were obtained from public databases. Samples were typed according to the gene expression of CRs associated with UM prognosis. The prognostic key genes were further screened by the protein interaction network, and the risk model was to predict UM prognosis using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and performed a test of the risk mode. In addition, we performed gene set variation analysis, tumor microenvironment, and tumor immune analysis between subtypes and risk groups to explore the mechanisms influencing the development of UM. Results: We constructed a signature model consisting of three CRs (RUVBL1, SIRT3, and SMARCD3), which was shown to be accurate, and valid for predicting prognostic outcomes in UM. Higher immune cell infiltration in poor prognostic subtypes and risk groups. The Tumor immune analysis and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score provided a basis for clinical immunotherapy in UM. Conclusion: The risk model has prognostic value for UM survival and provides new insights into the treatment of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Li Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Yuan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Fen Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Hua Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Fei Liao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Cheng M, Jing H, Bu D, Liu J, Lu K, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhu T, Hou Y, Yao J, Zhai Q, Wang W. The predictive value of CD4, CD8, and C-reactive protein in the prognosis of schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:194. [PMID: 37277702 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe in recent years. The relationship between inflammation caused by Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer (CRC) is still obscure, and the inflammation based prognostic systems of schistosomal colorectal (SCRC) has rarely been reported. AIM To explore the different roles of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in SCRC and in Non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC), providing a possible predictive system to evaluate outcomes and to improve the risk stratification for CRC patients, especially for CRC patients with schistosomiasis. METHODS Three hundred fifty-one CRC tumors were evaluated for density of CD4 + , CD8 + T cells and CRP in intratumoral and stromal compartments by immunohistochemical using tissue microarray. RESULTS There were no association between TILs and CRP and schistosomiasis. Multivariate analysis identified stromal CD4 (sCD4) (p = 0.038), intratumoral CD8 (iCD8) (p = 0.003), schistosomiasis (p = 0.045) as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the whole cohort; and sCD4 (p = 0.006) and iCD8 (p = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors for OS in the NSCRC and SCRC set, respectively. Besides, we found that there were no differences of TILs and CRP, which were distributed in different areas of tumor tissue, between CRC patients with and without schistosomiasis. CONCLUSION The results remind us that different subtypes of TILs have distinguished biological behavior and prognosis value in the immune microenvironment of NSCRC and SCRC patients. Meanwhile, the findings require us to stratify patients with schistosomiasis and this might facilitate patient counseling and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Cheng
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jican Liu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Zhai
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Weixia Wang
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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5
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Diop MK, Molina OE, Birlea M, LaRue H, Hovington H, Têtu B, Lacombe L, Bergeron A, Fradet Y, Trudel D. Leukocytic Infiltration of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: An Exploratory Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082217. [PMID: 37190147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an aggressive histological subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) detected in approximately 20% of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. As IDC-P has been associated with PCa-related death and poor responses to standard treatment, the purpose of this study was to explore the immune infiltrate of IDC-P. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides from 96 patients with locally advanced PCa who underwent RP were reviewed to identify IDC-P. Immunohistochemical staining of CD3, CD8, CD45RO, FoxP3, CD68, CD163, CD209 and CD83 was performed. For each slide, the number of positive cells per mm2 in the benign tissues, tumor margins, cancer and IDC-P was calculated. Consequently, IDC-P was found in a total of 33 patients (34%). Overall, the immune infiltrate was similar in the IDC-P-positive and the IDC-P-negative patients. However, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (p < 0.001), CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages (p < 0.001 for both) and CD209+ and CD83+ dendritic cells (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013, respectively) were less abundant in the IDC-P tissues compared to the adjacent PCa. Moreover, the patients were classified as having immunologically "cold" or "hot" IDC-P, according to the immune-cell densities averaged in the total IDC-P or in the immune hotspots. The CD68/CD163/CD209-immune hotspots predicted metastatic dissemination (p = 0.014) and PCa-related death (p = 0.009) in a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Further studies on larger cohorts are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of assessing the immune infiltrate of IDC-P with regards to patient prognosis and the use of immunotherapy for lethal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame-Kany Diop
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (axe Cancer) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Oscar Eduardo Molina
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mirela Birlea
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (axe Cancer) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hélène LaRue
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (axe Oncologie), Hôpital L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (axe Cancer) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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Adorno Febles VR, Hao Y, Ahsan A, Wu J, Qian Y, Zhong H, Loeb S, Makarov DV, Lepor H, Wysock J, Taneja SS, Huang WC, Becker DJ, Balar AV, Melamed J, Deng FM, Ren Q, Kufe D, Wong KK, Adeegbe DO, Deng J, Wise DR. Single-cell analysis of localized prostate cancer patients links high Gleason score with an immunosuppressive profile. Prostate 2023; 83:840-849. [PMID: 36988342 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evading immune surveillance is a hallmark for the development of multiple cancer types. Whether immune evasion contributes to the pathogenesis of high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa) remains an area of active inquiry. METHODS Through single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolor flow cytometry of freshly isolated prostatectomy specimens and matched peripheral blood, we aimed to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of localized prostate cancer (PCa), including HGPCa and low-grade prostate cancer (LGPCa). RESULTS HGPCa are highly infiltrated by exhausted CD8+ T cells, myeloid cells, and regulatory T cells (TRegs). These HGPCa-infiltrating CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of exhaustion markers including TIM3, TOX, TCF7, PD-1, CTLA4, TIGIT, and CXCL13. By contrast, a high ratio of activated CD8+ effector T cells relative to TRegs and myeloid cells infiltrate the TME of LGPCa. HGPCa CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expressed more androgen receptor and prostate-specific membran antigen yet less prostate-specific antigen than the LGPCa CD8+ TILs. The PCa TME was infiltrated by macrophages but these did not clearly cluster by M1 and M2 markers. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a suppressive TME with high levels of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in localized PCa, a finding enriched in HGPCa relative to LGPCa. These studies suggest a possible link between the clinical-pathologic risk of PCa and the associated TME. Our results have implications for our understanding of the immunologic mechanisms of PCa pathogenesis and the implementation of immunotherapy for localized PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Adorno Febles
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Manhattan Campus, VA NY Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuan Hao
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aarif Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yingzhi Qian
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Manhattan Campus, VA NY Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danil V Makarov
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Manhattan Campus, VA NY Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Herbert Lepor
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Wysock
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samir S Taneja
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - William C Huang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Becker
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Manhattan Campus, VA NY Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun V Balar
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang-Ming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qinghu Ren
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dennis O Adeegbe
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Wise
- Department of Medicine, Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Han S, Shi T, Liao Y, Chen D, Yang F, Wang M, Ma J, Li H, Xu Y, Zhu T, Chen W, Wang G, Han Y, Xu C, Wang W, Cai S, Zhang X, Xing N. Tumor immune contexture predicts recurrence after prostatectomy and efficacy of androgen deprivation and immunotherapy in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:194. [PMID: 36918939 PMCID: PMC10012744 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men with notable interpatient heterogeneity. Implications of the immune microenvironment in predicting the biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) after radical prostatectomy and the efficacy of systemic therapies in prostate cancer remain ambiguous. METHODS The tumor immune contexture score (TICS) involving eight immune contexture-related signatures was developed using seven cohorts of 1120 patients treated with radical prostatectomy (training: GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70769, and GSE94767; validation: GSE70768, DKFZ2018, and TCGA). The association between the TICS and treatment efficacy was investigated in GSE111177 (androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) and EGAS00001004050 (ipilimumab). RESULTS A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24-0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.62, P < 0.001). The TICS showed stable prognostic power independent of tumor stage, surgical margin, pre-treatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score (multivariable HR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.39-0.63, P < 0.001). Adding the TICS into the prognostic model constructed using clinicopathological features significantly improved its 1/2/3/4/5-year area under curve (P < 0.05). A low TICS was associated with high homologous recombination deficiency scores, abnormally activated pathways concerning DNA replication, cell cycle, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and drug metabolism, and fewer tumor-infiltrating immune cells (P < 0.05). The patients with a high TICS had favorable BCRFS with ADT (HR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.99, P = 0.034) or ipilimumab monotherapy (HR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.81, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our study delineates the associations of tumor immune contexture with molecular features, recurrence after radical prostatectomy, and the efficacy of ADT and immunotherapy. The TICS may improve the existing risk stratification systems and serve as a patient-selection tool for ADT and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Han
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Taoping Shi
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuchen Liao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Urology, Shanxian Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, 274300, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Wenxi Chen
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | | | - Yusheng Han
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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8
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A Novel Four Mitochondrial Respiration-Related Signature for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020654. [PMID: 36675580 PMCID: PMC9866444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy is high, and mitochondrial respiration is reported to be associated with the metabolism in PCa development. This study aimed to establish a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based risk model to predict the BCR of PCa. RNA sequencing data of PCa were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and mitochondrial respiratory-related genes (MRGs) were sourced via GeneCards. The differentially expressed mitochondrial respiratory and BCR-related genes (DE-MR-BCRGs) were acquired through overlapping BCR-related differentially expressed genes (BCR-DEGs) and differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) between PCa samples and controls. Further, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to construct a DE-MRGs-based risk model. Then, a nomogram was established by analyzing the independent prognostic factor of five clinical features and risk scores. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), tumor microenvironment, and drug susceptibility analyses were employed between high- and low-risk groups of PCa patients with BCR. Finally, qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the expression of prognostic genes. We identified 11 DE-MR-BCRGs by overlapping 132 DE-MRGs and 13 BCR-DEGs and constructed a risk model consisting of 4 genes (APOE, DNAH8, EME2, and KIF5A). Furthermore, we established an accurate nomogram, including a risk score and a Gleason score, for the BCR prediction of PCa patients. The GSEA result suggested the risk model was related to the PPAR signaling pathway, the cholesterol catabolic process, the organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process, the small molecule catabolic process, and the steroid catabolic process. Simultaneously, we found six immune cell types relevant to the risk model: resting memory CD4+ T cells, monocytes, resting mast cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and macrophages M2. Moreover, the risk model could affect the IC50 of 12 cancer drugs, including Lapatinib, Bicalutamide, and Embelin. Finally, qRT-PCR showed that APOE, EME2, and DNAH8 were highly expressed in PCa, while KIF5A was downregulated in PCa. Collectively, a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based nomogram including four genes and one clinical feature was established for BCR prediction in patients with PCa, which could provide novel strategies for further studies.
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9
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TREM2 as an independent predictor of poor prognosis promotes the migration via the PI3K/AKT axis in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:779-798. [PMID: 36915769 PMCID: PMC10006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is one of the most common cancers, with high morbidity and mortality. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is upregulated in various malignancies, however its effect on PRAD remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of TREM2 in PRAD. METHODS PRAD samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Oncomine, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) to analyze the differences in TREM2 expression between normal and tumor tissues. The influence of TREM2 on the clinicopathological characteristics and its prognostic value were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression analysis, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot, and nomogram. Gene Ontology (GO), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were conducted to screen biological functions and pathways. The relationship between TREM2 and tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics was explored. The TREM2 expression in PRAD specimens and cell lines was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. TREM2-specific siRNAs were used to evaluate the effects of TREM2 on cell function. RESULTS TREM2 was upregulated and positively associated with poor clinicopathologic characteristics. Overexpression of TREM2 is an independent biomarker for the prognosis of PFI (progression-free interval). Moreover, TREM2 expression was positively correlated with various TME characteristics. Knockdown of TREM2 inhibited the migration of PRAD cell lines via the PI3K/AKT axis. CONCLUSION High TREM2 expression may represent a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential target gene for PRAD therapy.
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10
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Glud EN, Rasmussen M, Zhang Y, Mandrup OA, Salachan PV, Borre M, Sørensen KD, Howard KA. Identification of a high-risk immunogenic prostate cancer patient subset as candidates for T-cell engager immunotherapy and the introduction of a novel albumin-fused anti-CD3 × anti-PSMA bispecific design. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2186-2197. [PMID: 36243890 PMCID: PMC9727128 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapies such as bispecific T-cell engagers have seen limited adoption in prostate cancer (PC), possibly due to differing levels of cancer receptor expression and effector T-cell infiltration between patients and inherent defects in T-cell engager design. METHODS CD8+ T-cell infiltration and PSMA expression were determined by RNA sequencing of primary PC tissue samples from 126 patients with localised PC and 17 patients with metastatic PC. Prognostic value was assessed through clinical parameters, including CAPRA-S risk score. A panel of albumin-fused anti-CD3 × anti-PSMA T-cell engagers with different neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) affinity were characterised by flow cytometry, Bio-Layer Interferometry and functional cellular assays. RESULTS A subset of patients with localised (30/126 = 24%) and metastatic (10/17 = 59%) PC showed both high PSMA expression and high CD8+ T-cell enrichment. The High/High phenotype in localised PC associated with a clinically high-risk cancer subtype, confirmed in an external patient cohort (n = 550, PRAD/TCGA). The T-cell engagers exhibited tunable FcRn-driven cellular recycling, CD3 and PSMA cellular engagement, T-cell activation and PSMA level-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION This work presents an albumin-fused bispecific T-cell engager with programmable FcRn engagement and identifies a high-risk PC patient subset as candidates for treatment with the T-cell engager class of immuno-oncology biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eske N. Glud
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Rasmussen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole A. Mandrup
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul Vinu Salachan
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Mao F, Yang C, Luo W, Wang Y, Xie J, Wang H. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets are associated with the clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Kazemi MH, Sadri M, Najafi A, Rahimi A, Baghernejadan Z, Khorramdelazad H, Falak R. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for treatment of solid tumors: It takes two to tango? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018962. [PMID: 36389779 PMCID: PMC9651159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and reduced activity limit their ability to overcome the tumor. Enhancement of TILs number and activity against tumors has been of interest for a long time. A lack of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME) has limited success in primary TIL therapies. Although the advent of engineered T cells has revolutionized the immunotherapy methods of hematologic cancers, the heterogeneity of solid tumors warrants the application of TILs with a wide range of specificity. Recent advances in understanding TME, immune exhaustion, and immune checkpoints have paved the way for TIL therapy regimens. Nowadays, TIL therapy has regained attention as a safe personalized immunotherapy, and currently, several clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of TIL therapy in patients who have failed conventional immunotherapies. Gaining favorable outcomes following TIL therapy of patients with metastatic melanoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer has raised hope in patients with refractory solid tumors, too. Nevertheless, TIL therapy procedures face several challenges, such as high cost, timely expansion, and technical challenges in selecting and activating the cells. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances in the TIL therapy of solid tumors and discussed the challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Baghernejadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Nakagami Y, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Yoshida S, Tomochika S, Matsui H, Shindo Y, Tokumitsu Y, Matsukuma S, Watanabe Y, Iida M, Tsunedomi R, Takeda S, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Ogihara H, Hamamoto Y, Ioka T, Tanabe T, Ueno T, Nagano H. CD4 and FOXP3 as predictive markers for the recurrence of T3/T4a stage II colorectal cancer: applying a novel discrete Bayes decision rule. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1071. [PMID: 36253752 PMCID: PMC9578193 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported the relapse-free survival (RFS) significance of the combination of CD4+ and forkhead box P3+ (FOXP3) T-cell densities identified by immunohistochemistry in patients with stage I, II, and III colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent curative resections. This study was designed to determine the optimal combination of markers that predict recurrence in patients with T factors of T3/T4a stage II CRC by applying a novel Bayes decision rule. Methods Using 137 cancer tissue specimens from T3/T4a stage II patients, 12 clinicopathologic and immune factors were analysed as predictive candidates for recurrence. Results Our study showed that the combination of low CD4+ and low FOXP3+ T-cell densities resulted in extremely poor RFS. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy may be considered for patients with a combination of low CD4+ and low FOXP3+ T-cell densities. The discovery of this new prognostic indicator is important for the appropriate management of patients undergoing curative resection for T3/T4a stage II CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10181-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tomochika
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukio Tokumitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsukuma
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Fujita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogihara
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokuyama College, Shunan, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Department of Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanabe
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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14
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Sentana-Lledo D, Sartor O, Balk SP, Einstein DJ. Immune mechanisms behind prostate cancer in men of African ancestry: A review. Prostate 2022; 82:883-893. [PMID: 35254710 PMCID: PMC9875381 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men of African ancestry (AA) with prostate cancer suffer from worse outcomes. However, a recent analysis of patients treated with the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer suggested that AA patients could have improved outcomes relative to whites. METHODS We conducted a focused literature review of Medline-indexed articles and clinical trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS We identify several studies pointing to enrichment of inflammatory cellular infiltrates and cytokine signaling among AA patients with prostate cancer. We outline potential genomic and transcriptomic alterations that may contribute to immunogenicity. Last, we investigate differences in host immunity and vaccine responsiveness that may be enhanced in AA patients. CONCLUSIONS AA patients with prostate cancer may be enriched for an immunogenic phenotype. Dedicated studies are needed to better understand the immune mechanisms that contribute to existing cancer disparities and test immune-based therapies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sentana-Lledo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Li M, Zhao J, Yang R, Cai R, Liu X, Xie J, Shu B, Qi S. CENPF as an independent prognostic and metastasis biomarker corresponding to CD4+ memory T cells in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1220-1234. [PMID: 35189004 PMCID: PMC8990861 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to recent advances in immunotherapies, the overall survival of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has increased; however, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic patients remains poor. Skin cutaneous melanoma-upregulated genes were screened via analysis of differentially expressed genes (GSE3189 and GSE46517), and metastasis-related oncogenes were identified via weighted gene coexpression network analysis of the GSE46517 dataset. As confirmed by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, we found highly expressed centromere protein F (CENPF) in SKCM and its metastases. Immunostaining of human melanoma tissues demonstrated high CENPF expression. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve log-rank test, receiver-operating characteristic curve, and univariate and multivariate analyses, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database suggested CENPF be a typical independent predictor of SKCM. The CIBERSORT algorithm classified the types of the immune cells from GSE46517 and showed higher proportion of CD4+ memory-activated T cells in metastatic melanoma. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis of TCGA data confirmed the correlation between CENPF and activated CD4+ T cells. Centromere protein F was positively correlated with tumor mutational burden and CD4+ memory T cell markers (interleukin [IL]-23A, CD28, and CD62L), negatively associated with memory T cell maintenance factors (IL-7 and IL-15) by correlation analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence showed high coexpression of CENPF and IL23A, CD4 in melanoma. Upregulated CENPF might lead to premature depletion of CD4+ memory T cells and immunosuppression. Nomogram indicated CENPF clinical predictive value for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year melanoma overall survival. Therefore, CENPF plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of melanoma and can be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhi Li
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn SurgeryThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Ruizhao Cai
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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16
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Papachristodoulou A, Abate-Shen C. Precision intervention for prostate cancer: Re-evaluating who is at risk. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Tang Q, Cheng B, Dai R, Wang R. The Role of Androgen Receptor in Cross Talk Between Stromal Cells and Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729498. [PMID: 34692685 PMCID: PMC8526848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) lists as the second most lethal cancer for men in western countries, and androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in its initiation and progression, which prompts the development of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as the standard treatment. Prostate tumor microenvironment, consisting of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has dynamic interactions with PCa epithelial cells and affects their growth and invasiveness. Studies have shown that both genomic and non-genomic AR signaling pathways are involved in the biological regulation of PCa epithelial cells. In addition, AR signaling in prostate stroma is also involved in PCa carcinogenesis and progression. Loss of AR in PCa stroma is clinically observed as PCa progresses to advanced stage. Especially, downregulation of AR in stromal fibroblasts dysregulates the expression levels of ECM proteins, thus creating a suitable environment for PCa cells to metastasize. Importantly, ADT treatment enhances this reciprocal interaction and predisposes stromal cells to promote cell invasion of PCa cells. During this process, AR in PCa epithelium actively responds to various stimuli derived from the surrounding stromal cells and undergoes enhanced degradation while elevating the expression of certain genes such as MMP9 responsible for cell invasion. AR reduction in epithelial cells also accelerates these cells to differentiate into cancer stem-like cells and neuroendocrine cells, which are AR-negative PCa cells and inherently resistant to ADT treatments. Overall, understanding of the cross talk between tumor microenvironment and PCa at the molecular level may assist the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this disease. This review will provide a snapshot of AR's action when the interaction of stromal cells and PCa cells occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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18
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Current Treatment Modalities Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34664246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is responsible for significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality following local treatment failure in men. The initial stages of PCa are typically managed with a combination of surgical resection and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Unfortunately, a significant proportion of PCa continues to progress despite being at castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dl), at which point it is coined castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In recent years, many novel therapeutics and drug combinations have been created for CRPC patients. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine receptor antagonists, steroidogenic enzyme inhibition, and novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as combinations of drugs. The selection of the most appropriate therapy depends on several factors like stage of the disease, age of the patient, metastasis, functional status, and response towards previous therapies. Here, we review the current state of the literature regarding treatment modalities, focusing on the treatment recommendations per the American Urological Association (AUA), recent clinical trials, and their limitations. An accurate and reliable overview of the strengths and limitations of PCa therapeutics could also allow personalized therapeutic interventions against PCa.
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19
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Guner E, Danacioglu YO, Arikan Y, Seker KG, Polat S, Baytekin HF, Simsek A. The presence of chronic inflammation in positive prostate biopsy is associated with upgrading in radical prostatectomy. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021; 93:280-284. [PMID: 34839632 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.3.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the predictive effect of the presence of chronic prostatitis associated with prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate biopsy on Gleason score upgrade (GSU) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of 295 patients who underwent open or robotic RP with a diagnosis of localized PCa following biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups with and without GSU following RP. Predictive factors affecting GSU on biopsy were determined. The impact of chronic prostatitis associated with prostate cancer on GSU was examined via logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 224 patients with Gleason 3+3 scores on biopsy, 145 (64.7%) had Gleason upgrade, and 79 (35.2%) had no upgrade. Whilst comparing the two groups with and without Gleason upgrade in terms of patient age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, PSA density (PSAD), prostate volume (PV), neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, number of positive cores, percentage of positive cores, and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 score, no statistically significant difference was detected. The presence of chronic prostatitis associated with PCa was higher in the patient cohort with GSU in contrast to the other group (p < 0.001). According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of chronic prostatitis was identified to be an independent marker for GSU. CONCLUSIONS Pathologists and urologists should be careful regarding the possibility of a more aggressive tumor in the presence of chronic inflammation associated with PCa because inflammation within PCa was revealed to be linked with GSU after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Guner
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Yavuz Onur Danacioglu
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Yusuf Arikan
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Kamil Gokhan Seker
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Salih Polat
- Amasya University Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Amasya.
| | - Halil Firat Baytekin
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul.
| | - Abdulmuttalip Simsek
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
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20
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Ntala C, Salji M, Salmond J, Officer L, Teodosio AV, Blomme A, McGhee EJ, Powley I, Ahmad I, Kruithof-de Julio M, Thalmann G, Roberts E, Goodyear CS, Jamaspishvili T, Berman DM, Carlin LM, Le Quesne J, Leung HY. Analysis of Prostate Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Identifies Reduced Stromal CD4 Effector T-cell Infiltration in Tumors with Pelvic Nodal Metastasis. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 29:19-29. [PMID: 34337530 PMCID: PMC8317840 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic nodal metastasis in prostate cancer impacts patient outcome negatively. OBJECTIVE To explore tumor-infiltrating immune cells as a potential predictive tool for regional lymph node (LN) metastasis. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We applied multiplex immunofluorescence and targeted transcriptomic analysis on 94 radical prostatectomy specimens in patients with (LN+) or without (LN-) pelvic nodal metastases. Both intraepithelial and stromal infiltrations of immune cells and differentially expressed genes (mRNA and protein levels) were correlated with the nodal status. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The identified CD4 effector cell signature of nodal metastasis was validated in a comparable independent patient cohort of 184 informative cases. Patient outcome analysis and decision curve analysis were performed with the CD4 effector cell density-based signature. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In the discovery cohort, both tumor epithelium and stroma from patients with nodal metastasis had significantly lower infiltration of multiple immune cell types, with stromal CD4 effector cells highlighted as the top candidate marker. Targeted gene expression analysis and confirmatory protein analysis revealed key alteration of extracellular matrix components in tumors with nodal metastasis. Of note, stromal CD4 immune cell density was a significant independent predictor of LN metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, p = 0.004), and was further validated as a significant predictor of nodal metastasis in the validation cohort (OR = 0.26, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased T-cell infiltrates in the primary tumor (particularly CD4 effector cells) are associated with a higher risk of LN metastasis. Future evaluation of CD4-based assays on prostate cancer diagnostic biopsy materials may improve selection of at-risk patients for the treatment of LN metastasis. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we found that cancer showing evidence of cancer metastasis to the lymph nodes tends to have less immune cells present within the tumor. We conclude that the extent of immune cells present within a prostate tumor can help doctors determine the most appropriate treatment plan for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chara Ntala
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Salji
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Salmond
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leah Officer
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | - Ana Vieira Teodosio
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Ian Powley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Imran Ahmad
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - George Thalmann
- Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David M. Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Luan JC, Zhang QJ, Zhao K, Zhou X, Yao LY, Zhang TT, Zeng TY, Xia JD, Song NH. A Novel Set of Immune-associated Gene Signature predicts Biochemical Recurrence in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients after Radical Prostatectomy. J Cancer 2021; 12:3715-3725. [PMID: 33995646 PMCID: PMC8120173 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Decision-making regarding biochemical recurrence (BCR) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) mainly relies on clinicopathological parameters with a low predictive accuracy. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that immune-associated genes (IAGs) play irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. Considering the critical role of immune in PCa, we therefore attempted to identify the novel IAGs signature and validate its prognostic value that can better forecast the risk for BCR and guide clinical treatment. Methods: RNA-sequencing and corresponding clinicopathological data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to screen out the candidate module closely related to BCR, and univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were performed to build the gene signature. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis, time-dependent receiver operating curve (ROC), independent prognostic analysis and nomogram were also applied to evaluate the prognostic value of the signature. Besides, Gene ontology analysis (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to explore potential biological pathways. Results: A total of six IAGs (SSTR1, NFATC3, NRP1, TUBB3, IL1R1, GDF15) were eventually identified and used to establish a novel IAGs signature. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with low-risk scores had longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those with high-risk scores in both GSE70769 and TCGA cohorts. Further, our signature was also proven to be a valuable independent prognostic factor for BCR. We also constructed a nomogram based on the gene signature and related clinicopathologic features, which excellently predict 1-year, 3-year and 5-year prognosis of localized PCa patients after RP. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the vital biological processes, and stratified GSEA revealed that a crucial immune-related pathway (T cell receptor signaling pathway) was notably enriched in the high-risk group. Conclusions: We successfully developed a novel robust IAGs signature that is powerful in BCR prediction in localized PCa patients after RP, and created a prognostic nomogram. In addition, the signature might help clinicians in selecting high-risk subpopulation, predicting survival status of patients and promoting more individualized therapies than traditional clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Chen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-Yu Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng-Yue Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Kezhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Kezhou, Xinjiang, China
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22
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Zou R, Gu R, Yu X, Hu Y, Yu J, Xue X, Zhu X. Characteristics of Infiltrating Immune Cells and a Predictive Immune Model for Cervical Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3501-3514. [PMID: 33995627 PMCID: PMC8120169 DOI: 10.7150/jca.55970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of infiltrating immune cells within the tumor microenvironment has received considerable attention, but their function in cervical cancer remains to be elucidated; thus, comprehensive evaluation of their predictive value is needed. Using cervical cancer samples from 406 patients, immune cell infiltration was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD57+, CD68+, and CD163+ cell infiltration was compared in samples from adjacent tissues and the tumor center. The associations between immune cell distributions in the tumor center, clinicopathological features, and prognosis were correlated among immune cell types. Using three immune features, an immune model was constructed based on a Cox regression analysis with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) penalty to derive immune risk scores. Immune cells that infiltrated the tumor center correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. The immune risk scores were an independent prognostic indicator and were found to predict cervical cancer prognosis as well as the effects of chemoradiotherapy. We classified patients into either high- or low-risk subgroups (namely CD4+highCD163+highCD57+low and CD4+lowCD163+lowCD57+high, respectively) based on their immune scores. Significant differences were found in the 3-year overall survival of patients with high- and low-risk scores (83.0% vs. 96.6%; P < 0.001). High immune risk scores resulted in decreased overall survival for patients in stages IB1+IIA1, IB2+IIA2, and IIB-IV (P = 0.001, P = 0.008, and P = 0.044, respectively). Overall survival was significantly worse following chemoradiotherapy in high-scoring patients in stages IB1+IIA1 and IB2+IIA2 (P = 0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). Moreover, overall survival was significantly worse after radiotherapy or chemotherapy in high-scoring patients in stage IB1+IIA1 (P = 0.03). Our work reveals that the distribution of infiltrating immune cells affects their function in cervical cancer. Our tumor center-centric immune model effectively predicted survival, suggesting its potential use in identifying suitable candidates for chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruanmin Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Antao AM, Ramakrishna S, Kim KS. The Role of Nkx3.1 in Cancers and Stemness. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:168-179. [PMID: 33632988 PMCID: PMC8138659 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known androgen-regulated homeobox gene, NKX3.1, is located on the short arm of chromosome 8. It is the first known prostate epithelium-specific marker, and is a transcription factor involved in development of the testes and prostate. In addition to specifying the prostate epithelium and maintaining normal prostate secretory function, Nkx3.1 is an established marker for prostate cancer. Over the years, however, this gene has been implicated in various other cancers, and technological advances have allowed determination of its role in other cellular functions. Nkx3.1 has also been recently identified as a factor capable of replacing Oct4 in cellular reprogramming. This review highlights the role of this tumor suppressor and briefly describes its functions, ranging from prostate development to maintenance of stemness and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Evangelou Z, Papoudou-Bai A, Karpathiou G, Kourea H, Kamina S, Goussia A, Harissis H, Peschos D, Batistatou A. PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Analysis in Women Younger than 40 Years Old. In Vivo 2020; 34:639-647. [PMID: 32111764 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the association between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on both tumor cells (TC) and inflammatory cells (IC), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and other clinicopathological parameters in primary infiltrative breast cancer (IBC) of young women, a population shown to have a worse prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed collecting data from patients younger than 40 years old. Forty-five young women with IBC were included. Whole tissue sections were used to evaluate all parameters. RESULTS Twenty percent (20%) of cases showed PD-L1 expression by tumor cells (PDL1TC) and 44.4% showed PD-L1 expression by immune cells (PDL1IC). Furthermore, 28.88% revealed high stromal TILs. PDL1TC and PDL1IC expression were significantly associated with tumor diameter and expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and Ki67. PDL1TC expression was also associated with grade. High TILs were associated with tumor diameter, ER and Ki67 expression. PDL1TC, PDL1IC expression and TILs were associated with the density of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Our results are similar to those of other age groups, as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Evangelou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Helen Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sevasti Kamina
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Harissis
- Department of Surgery, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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25
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Clinical Impact of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1-Positive Cells as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Urological Malignancies and Retroperitoneal Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113153. [PMID: 33121123 PMCID: PMC7692684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Two host-dependent biological characteristics, “avoiding immune destruction” and “tumor-promoting inflammation” have been added to cancer hallmarks in 2011. The interaction and cross-talk among tumor cells and several immune cells in a tumor microenvironment are dynamic and complex processes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in four urological solid tumors, the urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and retroperitoneal sarcoma, through summarizing the findings of observation studies and clinical trials. Abstract Over the past decade, an “immunotherapy tsunami”, more specifically that involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has overtaken the oncological field. The interaction and cross-talk among tumor cells and several immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are dynamic and complex processes. As immune contexture can vary widely across different types of primary tumors and tumor microenvironments, there is still a significant lack of clinically available definitive biomarkers to predict patient response to ICIs, especially in urogenital malignancies. An increasing body of evidence evaluating urological malignancies has proven that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a double-edged sword in cancer. There is an urgent need to shed light on the functional heterogeneity in the tumor-infiltrating immune system and to explore its prognostic impact following surgery and other treatments. Notably, we emphasized the difference in the immunological profile among urothelial carcinomas arising from different primary origins, the bladder, renal pelvis, and ureter. Significant differences in the density of FOXP3-positive TILs, CD204-positive tumor-infiltrating macrophages, PD-L1-positive cells, and colony-stimulating factors were observed. This review discusses two topics: (i) the prognostic impact of TILs and (ii) predictive biomarkers for ICIs, to shed light on lymphocyte migration in four solid tumors, the urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and retroperitoneal sarcoma.
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26
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Awasthi S, Berglund A, Abraham-Miranda J, Rounbehler RJ, Kensler K, Serna A, Vidal A, You S, Freeman MR, Davicioni E, Liu Y, Karnes RJ, Klein EA, Den RB, Trock BJ, Campbell JD, Einstein DJ, Gupta R, Balk S, Lal P, Park JY, Cleveland JL, Rebbeck TR, Freedland SJ, Yamoah K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Distinct Immune-oncologic Pathways in African American Men with Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:320-329. [PMID: 33037017 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of immune-oncologic mechanisms of racial disparities in prostate cancer remains understudied. Limited research exists to evaluate the molecular underpinnings of immune differences in African American men (AAM) and European American men (EAM) prostate tumor microenvironment (TME). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 1,173 radiation-naïve radical prostatectomy samples with whole transcriptome data from the Decipher GRID registry were used. Transcriptomic expressions of 1,260 immune-specific genes were selected to assess immune-oncologic differences between AAM and EAM prostate tumors. Race-specific differential expression of genes was assessed using a rank test, and intergene correlational matrix and gene set enrichment was used for pathway analysis. RESULTS AAM prostate tumors have significant enrichment of major immune-oncologic pathways, including proinflammatory cytokines, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα signaling, ILs, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. AAM TME has higher total immune content score (ICSHIGH) compared with 0 (37.8% vs. 21.9%, P = 0.003). AAM tumors also have lower DNA damage repair and are genomically radiosensitive as compared with EAM. IFITM3 (IFN-inducible transmembrane protein 3) was one of the major proinflammatory genes overexpressed in AAM that predicted increased risk of biochemical recurrence selectively for AAM in both discovery [HRAAM = 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-4.34; P = 0.01] and validation (HRAAM = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.52-3.86; P = 0.0001) but not in EAM. CONCLUSIONS Prostate tumors of AAM manifest a unique immune repertoire and have significant enrichment of proinflammatory immune pathways that are associated with poorer outcomes. Observed immune-oncologic differences can aid in a genomically adaptive approach to treating prostate cancer in AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Awasthi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - Julieta Abraham-Miranda
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Rounbehler
- Department of Tumor Biology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kevin Kensler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amparo Serna
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Sungyong You
- Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Elai Davicioni
- Decipher Bioscience, Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Bioscience, Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert B Den
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce J Trock
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Einstein
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raavi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Steven Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institutes, Tampa, Florida
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27
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Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Taha RZ, Toor SM, Murshed K, Ahmed AA, Kurer MA, Abu Nada M, Al Ejeh F, Elkord E. Differential gene expression of tumor-infiltrating CD4 + T cells in advanced versus early stage colorectal cancer and identification of a gene signature of poor prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1825178. [PMID: 33101776 PMCID: PMC7553563 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1825178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play indispensable roles in the progression and response to treatment of solid tumors. However, the prognostic significance of CD4+ TILs is not fully disclosed in cancers generally and in CRC in particular, mainly due to the existence of different functional subsets of CD4+ T cells. We performed transcriptomic profiling of CD4+ TILs isolated from CRC patients in order to identify differentially expressed genes and their functional pathways in early versus advanced disease stages. We found that in advanced stages, genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, in particular Th1-mediated immune response and cytotoxicity-mediated genes, were downregulated; while epigenetic-mediated silencing genes were upregulated. Interestingly, we identified genes, which were steadily upregulated or downregulated in CD4+ TILs with CRC progression from stage I to IV. Additionally, of the top 200 deregulated genes, 43 upregulated and 64 downregulated genes showed similar deregulation trends in the cancer genome atlas CRC dataset. From these 97 deregulated genes, we identified a “poor prognosis CD4 gene signature (ppCD4sig)”. Patients with high ppCD4sig score showed shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI). The ppCD4sig was an independent prognostic indicator for DSS (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.32–2.27, P = 0.0001) and PFI (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.3–2.35, P = 0.0016). Additionally, patients at advanced stages and at a younger age (<55 years) were more likely to have a high ppCD4sig score. Altogether, our data provide novel insights and a unique prognostic gene signature of CD4+ TILs in the CRC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Kurer
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fares Al Ejeh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Vicente‐Ruiz S, Serrano‐Martí A, Armiñán A, Vicent MJ. Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicente‐Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano‐Martí
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
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29
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Kim TJ, Koo KC. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5484. [PMID: 32751945 PMCID: PMC7432105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of prostate cancer (PCa) varies from castration-naive to metastatic castration-resistant disease. Despite the administration of androgen synthesis inhibitors and chemotherapy regimens for castration-resistant prostate cancer, the treatment options for this entity are limited. The utilization of the immune system against cancer cells shows potential as a therapeutic modality for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. With technological advances over the last decade, immunotherapy has become an integral treatment modality for advanced solid tumors. The feasibility of immunotherapy has shown promise for patients with PCa, and with advances in molecular diagnostic platforms and our understanding of immune mechanisms, immunotherapy is reemerging as a potential treatment modality for PCa. Various combinations of individualized immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with androgen receptor-targeted therapies and conventional cytotoxic agents show promise. This article will review the current status of immunotherapy, including new discoveries and precision approaches to PCa, and discuss future directions in the continuously evolving landscape of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, C.H.A. Bundang Medical Center, University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
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30
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Papaevangelou E, Smolarek D, Smith RA, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. Targeting Prostate Cancer Using Intratumoral Cytotopically Modified Interleukin-15 Immunotherapy in a Syngeneic Murine Model. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:115-130. [PMID: 32802803 PMCID: PMC7394845 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s257443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prostate cancer microenvironment is highly immunosuppressive; immune cells stimulated in the periphery by systemic immunotherapies will be rendered inactive once entering this environment. Immunotherapies for prostate cancer need to break this immune tolerance. We have previously identified interleukin-15 (IL-15) as the only cytokine tested that activates and expands immune cells in the presence of prostate cancer cells. In the current study, we aimed to identify a method of boosting the efficacy of IL-15 in prostate cancer. Methods We engineered, by conjugation to a myristoylated peptide, a membrane-localising form of IL-15 (cyto-IL-15) and the checkpoint inhibitor antibodies cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (cyto-abs) to enable them to bind to cell surfaces by non-specific anchoring to the phospholipid bilayer. The efficacy of these agents was investigated by intratumoral administration either alone (cyto-IL-15 or cyto-abs) or in combination (cyto-combo) in subcutaneous TRAMP-C2 prostate tumors in C57BL/6J mice and compared with their non-modified equivalents in vivo. Following the survival endpoint, histological analyses and RNA sequencing were performed on the tumors. Results Intratumoral injection of cyto-IL-15 or cyto-combo delayed tumor growth by 50% and increased median survival to 28 and 25 days, respectively, compared with vehicle (17 days), whereas non-modified IL-15 or antibodies alone had no significant effects on tumor growth or survival. Histological analysis showed that cyto-IL-15 and cyto-combo increased necrosis and infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells in the tumors compared with vehicle and non-modified agents. Overall, the efficacy of cyto-combo was not superior to that of cyto-IL-15 alone. Conclusion We have demonstrated that intratumoral injection of cyto-IL-15 leads to prostate cancer growth delay, induces tumor necrosis and increases survival. Hence, cytotopic modification in combination with intratumoral injection appears to be a promising novel approach for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dorota Smolarek
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Galustian
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Cappuccini F, Bryant R, Pollock E, Carter L, Verrill C, Hollidge J, Poulton I, Baker M, Mitton C, Baines A, Meier A, Schmidt G, Harrop R, Protheroe A, MacPherson R, Kennish S, Morgan S, Vigano S, Romero PJ, Evans T, Catto J, Hamdy F, Hill AVS, Redchenko I. Safety and immunogenicity of novel 5T4 viral vectored vaccination regimens in early stage prostate cancer: a phase I clinical trial. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000928. [PMID: 32591433 PMCID: PMC7319775 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) has been under investigation as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapies in metastatic disease settings for the last two decades leading to a licensure of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, in 2010. However, neither Sipuleucel-T nor other experimental PCa vaccines that emerged later induce strong T-cell immunity. METHODS In this first-in-man study, VANCE, we evaluated a novel vaccination platform based on two replication-deficient viruses, chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) and MVA (Modified Vaccinia Ankara), targeting the oncofetal self-antigen 5T4 in early stage PCa. Forty patients, either newly diagnosed with early-stage PCa and scheduled for radical prostatectomy or patients with stable disease on an active surveillance protocol, were recruited to the study to assess the vaccine safety and T-cell immunogenicity. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included immune infiltration into the prostate, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) change, and assessment of phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific T cells. RESULTS The vaccine had an excellent safety profile. Vaccination-induced 5T4-specific T-cell responses were measured in blood by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot and were detected in the majority of patients with a mean level in responders of 198 spot-forming cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the presence of both CD8+ and CD4+ polyfunctional 5T4-specific T cells in the circulation. 5T4-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from post-treatment prostate tissue. Some of the patients had a transient PSA rise 2-8 weeks following vaccination, possibly indicating an inflammatory response in the target organ. CONCLUSIONS An excellent safety profile and T-cell responses elicited in the circulation and also detected in the prostate gland support the evaluation of the ChAdOx1-MVA 5T4 vaccine in efficacy trials. It remains to be seen if this vaccination strategy generates immune responses of sufficient magnitude to mediate clinical efficacy and whether it can be effective in late-stage PCa settings, as a monotherapy in advanced disease or as part of multi-modality PCa therapy. To address these questions, the phase I/II trial, ADVANCE, is currently recruiting patients with intermediate-risk PCa, and patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant PCa, to receive this vaccine in combination with nivolumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02390063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Pollock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Carter
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Julianne Hollidge
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan Baker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia Mitton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Baines
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Steven Kennish
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Selena Vigano
- Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro J Romero
- Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - James Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina Redchenko
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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32
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Zhao SG, Lehrer J, Chang SL, Das R, Erho N, Liu Y, Sjöström M, Den RB, Freedland SJ, Klein EA, Karnes RJ, Schaeffer EM, Xu M, Speers C, Nguyen PL, Ross AE, Chan JM, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Davicioni E, Fong L, Spratt DE, Feng FY. The Immune Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Nomination of PD-L2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:301-310. [PMID: 30321406 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has been less successful in treating prostate cancer than other solid tumors. We sought to better understand the immune landscape in prostate cancer and identify immune-related biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We analyzed gene expression data from 7826 prospectively collected prostatectomy samples (2013-2016), and 1567 retrospective samples with long-term clinical outcomes, for a total of 9393 samples, all profiled on the same commercial clinical platform in a CLIA-certified lab. The primary outcome was distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Secondary outcomes included biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of hallmark pathways demonstrated an immune-related tumor cluster. Increased estimated immune content scores based on immune-specific genes from the literature were associated with worse bRFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 1.42]; P < .001), DMFS (HR = 1.34 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.58]; P < .001), PCSS (HR = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.21 to 1.92]; P < .001), and OS (HR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.07 to 1.50]; P = .006). Deconvolution using Cibersort revealed that mast cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells conferred improved DMFS, whereas macrophages and T-cells conferred worse DMFS. Interestingly, while PD-L1 was not prognostic, consistent with its low expression in prostate cancer, PD-L2 was expressed at statistically significantly higher levels (P < .001) and was associated with worse bRFS (HR = 1.17 [95% CI = 1.03 to 1.33]; P = .01), DMFS (HR = 1.25 [95% CI = 1.05 to 1.49]; P = .01), and PCSS (HR = 1.45 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.86]; P = .003). PD-L2 was strongly associated with immune-related pathways on gene set enrichment analysis suggesting that it is playing an important role in immune modulation in clinical prostate cancer samples. Furthermore, PD-L2 was correlated with radiation response pathways, and also predicted response to postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) on multivariable interaction analysis (P = .03). CONCLUSION In the largest study of its kind to date, these results illustrate the complex relationship between the tumor-immune interaction, prognosis, and response to radiotherapy, and nominate PD-L2 as a potential novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer, potentially in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - S Laura Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Melody Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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33
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Tharp D, Nandana S. How Prostate Cancer Cells Use Strategy Instead of Brute Force to Achieve Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121928. [PMID: 31817000 PMCID: PMC6966655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Akin to many other cancers, metastasis is the predominant cause of lethality in prostate cancer (PCa). Research in the past decade or so has revealed that although metastatic manifestation is a multi-step and complex process that is orchestrated by distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms, the process in itself is an extremely inefficient one. It is now becoming increasingly evident that PCa cells employ a plethora of strategies to make the most of this inefficient process. These strategies include priming the metastatic sites ahead of colonization, devising ways to metastasize to specific organs, outsmarting the host defense surveillance, lying in a dormant state at the metastatic site for prolonged periods, and widespread reprogramming of the gene expression to suit their needs. Based on established, recent, and evolving lines of research, this review is an attempt to understand PCa metastasis from the perspective of military combat, wherein strategic maneuvering instead of brute force often plays a decisive role in the outcome.
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Jenzer M, Keß P, Nientiedt C, Endris V, Kippenberger M, Leichsenring J, Stögbauer F, Haimes J, Mishkin S, Kudlow B, Kaczorowski A, Zschäbitz S, Volckmar AL, Sültmann H, Jäger D, Duensing A, Schirmacher P, Hohenfellner M, Grüllich C, Stenzinger A, Duensing S. The BRCA2 mutation status shapes the immune phenotype of prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1621-1633. [PMID: 31549213 PMCID: PMC6805809 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defects in DNA damage repair caused by mutations in BRCA1/2, ATM or other genes have been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The influence of such mutations on anti-tumor immunity in prostate cancer, however, is largely unknown. To better understand the correlation between BRCA1/2 mutations and the immune phenotype in prostate cancer, we characterized the immune infiltrate of eight BRCA2-mutated tumors in comparison with eight BRCA1/2 wild-type patients by T-cell receptor sequencing and immunohistochemistry for CD45, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD163. In addition, we analyzed seven prostate cancer biopsies that were either BRCA2 or ATM-mutated in comparison with wild-type tumors. Whereas in BRCA1/2 wild-type tumors, immune cells were found predominantly extratumorally, most BRCA2-mutated tumors including one biopsy showed a significantly increased intratumoral immune cell infiltration. The ratio of intratumoral to extratumoral immune cells was considerably higher in BRCA2-mutated tumors for all markers and reached statistical significance for CD4 (p = 0.007), CD8 (p = 0.006), and FOXP3 (p = 0.001). However, the intratumoral CD8 to FOXP3 ratio showed a trend to be lower in BRCA2-mutated tumors suggesting a more suppressed tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings provide a rationale for the future use of immune oncological approaches in BRCA2-mutated prostate cancer and may encourage efforts to target immunosuppressive T-cell populations to prime tumors for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jenzer
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Keß
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathleen Nientiedt
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kippenberger
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Leichsenring
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josh Haimes
- ArcherDX, 2477 55th Street, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | | | - Brian Kudlow
- ArcherDX, 2477 55th Street, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Adam Kaczorowski
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Cancer Genome Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Section of Precision Oncology of Urological Malignancies, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Grüllich
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Translational Urooncology, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Kuwahara T, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Yoshida S, Tomochika S, Nakagami Y, Matsui H, Shindo Y, Kanekiyo S, Tokumitsu Y, Iida M, Tsunedomi R, Takeda S, Yoshino S, Okayama N, Suehiro Y, Yamasaki T, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Ueno T, Nagano H. Intratumoural-infiltrating CD4 + and FOXP3 + T cells as strong positive predictive markers for the prognosis of resectable colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:659-665. [PMID: 31488881 PMCID: PMC6889292 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD3 + and CD8 + T-cell infiltration were reported as positive predictive markers of survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we demonstrate the prognostic significance of CD4 + and FOXP3 + T-cell densities in CRC. Methods We quantified the intratumoural densities of CD3 + , CD8 + , CD4 + and FOXP3 + T cells by immunohistochemistry and digital pathology in 342 CRC patients who underwent curative resection. Microsatellite instability was also assessed in 322 specimens. Patient demographics, clinicopathological features and survival rates were analysed. Results High CD3 + , CD4 + and FOXP3 + T-cell densities were associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS); high CD8 + , CD4 + and FOXP3 + T-cell densities were associated with improved disease-specific survival (DSS). Patients with low CD4 + and low FOXP3 + T-cell densities exhibited extremely poor prognoses. T stage, vascular/lymphatic invasion and CD4 + T-cell density were independent prognostic indicators for DSS. The distributions of CD4 + and FOXP3 + T-cell densities were not significantly different between the high microsatellite instability group and other groups, in contrast to those of CD3 + and CD8 + T-cell densities. Conclusions Intratumoural CD4 + T-cell density and combined CD4 + and FOXP3 + T-cell densities were stronger prognostic indicators than other clinicopathological features. These results may facilitate the establishment of novel prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kuwahara
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Faculty of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tomochika
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Faculty of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukio Tokumitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Faculty of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yoshino
- Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Okayama
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Fujita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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T cells CD4+/CD8+ local immune modulation by prostate cancer hemi-cryoablation. World J Urol 2019; 38:673-680. [PMID: 31263944 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumors escape from the immune system by decreasing CD8+ and increasing CD4+ T cells' activity, druggable targets. Thermal ablation might activate tumor-specific T cells by raising the presentation of tumor-specific antigens and hindering tumor negative immune regulation. Our aim was to assess T cell infiltrate pre- and post-cryoablation in a prospective observational study. METHODS A total of 240 sextant prostate biopsies cores (12 cores/patient) were collected from 10 unilateral prostate cancer patients (T1c, PSA density < 0.15 ng/dL, Gleason grade group 1, ≤ 2 cancer biopsy cores, and < 50% cancer core involvement) at diagnosis and 12 months after hemi-cryoablation. Cancer-positive (Diag+) and cancer-negative (Diag-) lobes at diagnosis and the same areas 12 months after hemi-cryoablation (Cryo+ and Cryo-, respectively) were explored by immunohistochemistry for infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (in 45 random fields per prostate lobe, 400× magnification). The quantitative analysis of cells/mm2 and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were performed and compared among Diag+, Diag-, Cryo+, and Cryo- using ImageJ software. RESULTS There was a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells/mm2 in the Cryo+ tissue (mean, SD 0.31, 0.30) compared to Diag+ (0.18, 0.15), p = 0.015; confirmed in prostate acini (hot spots), p = 0.029, in which infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T cells' ratio decreased after hemi-cryoablation, p = 0.006. Infiltrating CD4+ T cells/mm2 presented a trend to decrease in Cryo+ (0.26, 0.27) compared to Diag+ (0.38, 0.32). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show local immune modulation after prostate cancer cryoablation, characterized by decreasing CD4+/CD8+ T cells' ratio, potential for clinical impact by unleashing the T-cell response to cancer. Future studies are necessary to explore different energies and longer follow-up clinical endpoints.
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Yuan C, Xiang L, Bai R, Cao K, Gao Y, Jiang X, Zhang N, Gong Y, Xie C. MiR-195 restrains lung adenocarcinoma by regulating CD4+ T cell activation via the CCDC88C/Wnt signaling pathway: a study based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and bioinformatic analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:263. [PMID: 31355230 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background To systematically identity microRNA signatures, as well as miRNA-gene axes, for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to explore the potential biomarkers and mechanisms associated with the LUAD immune responses. Methods LUAD-related data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and these data were then used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs that were downregulated in tumor tissues. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, survival analysis and meta-analysis were applied to evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic value of the identified miRNAs. The presumed targets of the integrated-signature miRNAs were identified via 3 different target prediction algorithms: TargetScan, miRDB and DIANA-TarBase. Immunologic signature gene sets were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were profiled by the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER). After pathway enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, pathway-gene networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. Results After integrated analysis of 4 GEO data sets (GSE48414, GSE51853, GSE63805 and GSE74190) and TCGA databases, miR-195 was identified as a potential clinical diagnostic marker. A total of 287 miR-195 target genes were screened, and 3 functional gene sets (GSE13485, GSE21379 and GSE29164) were enriched. GSE21379 was associated with the upregulation of CD4+ T cells in tumors, and the core genes were validated via the TIMER database. The CCDC88C expression level was significantly correlated with CD4+ T cell activation (partial.cor =0.437, P<0.001). Enrichment analysis revealed that CCDC88C was significantly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusions MiR-195, as a suppressor of lung adenocarcinoma, regulates CD4+ T cell activation via CCDC88C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liyang Xiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kuo Cao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xueping Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Xiang P, Jin S, Yang Y, Sheng J, He Q, Song Y, Yu W, Hu S, Jin J. Infiltrating CD4+ T cells attenuate chemotherapy sensitivity in prostate cancer via CCL5 signaling. Prostate 2019; 79:1018-1031. [PMID: 31018021 PMCID: PMC6594129 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy with Docetaxel (Doc) is efficient in a subset of prostate cancer (PCa) cases; however, most patients ultimately develop resistance to Docetaxel. The tumor immune microenvironment and secreted cytokines play a substantial role in development of resistance to chemotherapy. Our previous study has demonstrated that CD4+ T cells in prostate tumor microenvironment contribute to PCa progression; meanwhile, we found increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration in tumor area after Doc treatment; however, their effects on PCa chemosensitivity remain unclear. Here, we aim to explore the role and mechanisms of CD4+ T cells in PCa chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS CD4+ T-cell infiltration in Doc-treated paraffin-embedded specimens from transurethral resection of prostate, radical prostatectomy, or bone metastasis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The castration-resistant PCa cell lines-C4-2 and CWR22RV1, and CD4+ T-cell lines-HH and Molt-3 were used in the coculture system. After coculture with the lymphocytes, PCa cell chemosensitivity was detected by cell counting kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, and Western blot analysis. Various cell cytokines were determined by cytokine arrays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The recombinant human C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) was added to PCa cells for further confirming its effects and anti-CCL5 antibody was used for neutralization. S3I-201, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, was added to the coculture system to detect STAT3 role in chemosensitivity. Tumor xenografts in nude mice were used for confirming effects of CD4+ T cells in vivo study. RESULTS We found more infiltrated CD4+ T cells in human PCa lesions than in the adjacent noncancerous tissues after Doc treatment. In vitro cell line study confirmed that CD4+ T cells increase the PCa Doc resistance. Quantative polymerase chain reaction and cytokine arrays indicated that after coculture with PCa, CD4+ T cells could secrete large amounts of CCL5. Moreover, CCL5 stimulation enhanced PCa resistance to Doc, and anti-CCL5 antibody could partly reverse this process. We found that CD4+ T cells could activate P-STAT3 signaling via secreting CCL5 and adding a STAT3 inhibitor can reverse the chemoresistance. In vivo mouse model with xenografted 22RV1 cells and CD4+ T cells also confirmed the in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that infiltrating CD4+ T cells could promote PCa chemotherapy resistance via modulation of the CCL5/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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McAllister MJ, Underwood MA, Leung HY, Edwards J. A review on the interactions between the tumor microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Transl Res 2019; 206:91-106. [PMID: 30528321 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer growth is controlled by androgen receptor signaling via both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent pathways. Furthermore, the prostate is an immune competent organ with inflammatory changes both within the systemic and local environment contributing to the reprogramming of the prostatic epithelium with consistently elevated lymphocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines being found in prostate cancer. The crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling is complex with both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic roles observed. However, despite an increase in immune checkpoint inhibitors and inflammatory signaling blockades available for a range of cancer types, we are yet to see substantial progress in the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the tumor microenvironment and its impact on androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly J McAllister
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Schillaci O, Scimeca M, Trivigno D, Chiaravalloti A, Facchetti S, Anemona L, Bonfiglio R, Santeusanio G, Tancredi V, Bonanno E, Urbano N, Mauriello A. Prostate cancer and inflammation: A new molecular imaging challenge in the era of personalized medicine. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 68-69:66-79. [PMID: 30770226 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and inflammation is one of the most important fields for both clinical and translational research. Despite numerous studies reported interesting and solid data about the prognostic value of the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in cancers, the biological role of inflammation in prostate cancer development is not yet fully clarified. The characterization of molecular pathways that connect altered inflammatory response and prostate cancer progression can provide the scientific rationale for the identification of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Specifically, the detection of infiltrating immune cells or related-cytokines by histology and/or by molecular imaging techniques could profoundly change the management of prostate cancer patients. In this context, the anatomic pathology and imaging diagnostic teamwork can provide a valuable support for the validation of new targets for diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature about the role of molecular imaging technique and anatomic pathology in the study of the mutual interaction occurring between prostate cancer and inflammation. Specifically, we reported the more recent advances in molecular imaging and histological methods for the early detection of prostate lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donata Trivigno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simone Facchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santeusanio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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41
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Palmieri C, Hood G, Fonseca-Alves CE, Laufer-Amorim R, Allavena R. An immunohistochemical study of T and B lymphocyte density in prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:189-192. [PMID: 30529932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise T and B lymphocyte density in 6 normal prostates, 15 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 24 prostate carcinomas (PCs) in dogs by immunohistochemistry. Results revealed a statistically significant increase of T and B cells in PC compared to normal specimens and BPH. Regarding PC histological variants, lower number of CD3+ and CD79+ lymphocytes were observed in the most undifferentiated (solid) type. CD3+ cell density was positively correlated with survival time. These results may help in understanding the immunological mechanisms regulating BPH and PC development and progression, as well as providing background data for future immunotherapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343 Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Grace Hood
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343 Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343 Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Le Magnen C, Virk RK, Dutta A, Kim JY, Panja S, Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Califano A, Drake CG, Mitrofanova A, Abate-Shen C. Cooperation of loss of NKX3.1 and inflammation in prostate cancer initiation. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035139. [PMID: 30266798 PMCID: PMC6262819 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that inflammation plays a critical role in prostate tumorigenesis, the underlying processes are not well understood. Based on analysis of genetically engineered mouse models combined with correlative analysis of expression profiling data from human prostate tumors, we demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between inflammation and the status of the NKX3.1 homeobox gene associated with prostate cancer initiation. We find that cancer initiation in aged Nkx3.1 mutant mice correlates with enrichment of specific immune populations and increased expression of immunoregulatory genes. Furthermore, expression of these immunoregulatory genes is similarly increased in human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 expression. We further show that induction of prostatitis in Nkx3.1 mutant mice accelerates prostate cancer initiation, which is coincident with aberrant cellular plasticity and differentiation. Correspondingly, human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 have de-regulated expression of genes associated with these cellular processes. We propose that loss of function of NKX3.1 accelerates inflammation-driven prostate cancer initiation potentially via aberrant cellular plasticity and impairment of cellular differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Le Magnen
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime Yeji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Zoila A Lopez-Bujanda
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Departments of Urology, Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kaur HB, Guedes LB, Lu J, Maldonado L, Reitz L, Barber JR, De Marzo AM, Tosoian JJ, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Joshu CE, Sfanos KS, Lotan TL. Association of tumor-infiltrating T-cell density with molecular subtype, racial ancestry and clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1539-1552. [PMID: 29849114 PMCID: PMC6168349 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors and may be associated with somatic genomic alterations. We examined the association of tumor-infiltrating T-cell density with clinical-pathologic variables, tumor molecular subtype, and oncologic outcomes in surgically treated primary prostate cancer occurring in patients of European-American or African-American ancestry. We evaluated 312 primary prostate tumors, enriched for patients with African-American ancestry and high grade disease. Tissue microarrays were immunostained for CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 and were previously immunostained for ERG and PTEN using genetically validated protocols. Image analysis for quantification of T-cell density in tissue microarray tumor spots was performed. Automated quantification of T-cell densities in tumor-containing regions of tissue microarray spots and standard histologic sections were correlated (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001) and there was good agreement between visual and automated T-cell density counts on tissue microarray spots (r = 0.93, p < 0.00001). There was a significant correlation between CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T-cell densities (p < 0.00001), but these were not associated with most clinical or pathologic variables. Increased T-cell density was significantly associated with ERG positivity (median 309 vs. 188 CD3+ T cells/mm2; p = 0.0004) and also with PTEN loss (median 317 vs. 192 CD3+ T cells/mm2; p = 0.001) in the combined cohort of matched European-American and African-American ancestry patients. The same association or a similar trend was present in patients of both ancestries when analyzed separately. When the African-American patients from the matched race set were combined with a separate high grade set of African-American cases, there was a weak association of increased FOXP3+ T-cell densities with increased risk of metastasis in multivariable analysis. Though high T-cell density is associated with specific molecular subclasses of prostate cancer, we did not find an association of T-cell density with racial ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimar B Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana B Guedes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laneisha Maldonado
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Logan Reitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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van Duijn PW, Marques RB, Ziel-van der Made ACJ, van Zoggel HJAA, Aghai A, Berrevoets C, Debets R, Jenster G, Trapman J, van Weerden WM. Tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and immune cell composition in a novel syngeneic PSA-targeted Pten knockout mouse prostate cancer (MuCaP) model. Prostate 2018; 78:1013-1023. [PMID: 30133757 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is recognized as a heterogeneous disease demanding appropriate preclinical models that reflect tumor complexity. Previously, we established the PSA-Cre;PtenLoxP/LoxP genetic engineered mouse model (GEMM) for prostate cancer reflecting the various stages of tumor development. Prostate tumors in this Pten KO model slowly develop, requiring more than 10 months. In order to enhance its practical utility, we established a syngeneic panel of cell lines derived from PSA-Cre targeted Pten KO tumors, designated the mouse prostate cancer (MuCap) model. METHODS Four different MuCaP epithelial cell lines were established from three independent primary Pten KO mouse prostate tumors. Tumorigenic capacity of the MuCaP cell lines was determined by subcutaneous inoculation of these cell lines in immunocompetent mice. Response to PI3K-targeted therapy was validated in ex vivo tissue slices of the established MuCaP tumors. RESULTS The MuCaP cell lines were all tumorigenic in immunocompetent mice after subcutaneous inoculation. Interestingly, these syngrafted tumors represented different tumor growth rates and morphologies. Treatment with the specific PI3K inhibitor GDC0941 resulted in responses very similar between syngeneic MuCaP and primary Pten KO prostate tumors. Finally, immunoprofiling of the different syngeneic MuCaP tumors demonstrated differential numbers of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and distinct immune gene profiles with expression of CD8, INFy, and PD1 being inversely related to tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we present here a well-defined MuCaP platform of in vitro and in vivo mouse prostate cancer models that may support preclinical assessment of (immune)-therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra W van Duijn
- Department of Pathology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rute B Marques
- Department of Urology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ashraf Aghai
- Department of Urology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Berrevoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Department of Medical Oncology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Trapman
- Department of Pathology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, JNI, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Solís-Martínez R, Cancino-Marentes M, Hernández-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno P, Mandujano-Álvarez G, Cruz-Gálvez C, Sierra-Díaz E, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Jave-Suárez L, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Bravo-Cuellar A. Regulation of immunophenotype modulation of monocytes-macrophages from M1 into M2 by prostate cancer cell-culture supernatant via transcription factor STAT3. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Harder N, Athelogou M, Hessel H, Brieu N, Yigitsoy M, Zimmermann J, Baatz M, Buchner A, Stief CG, Kirchner T, Binnig G, Schmidt G, Huss R. Tissue Phenomics for prognostic biomarker discovery in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29535336 PMCID: PMC5849604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue Phenomics is the discipline of mining tissue images to identify patterns that are related to clinical outcome providing potential prognostic and predictive value. This involves the discovery process from assay development, image analysis, and data mining to the final interpretation and validation of the findings. Importantly, this process is not linear but allows backward steps and optimization loops over multiple sub-processes. We provide a detailed description of the Tissue Phenomics methodology while exemplifying each step on the application of prostate cancer recurrence prediction. In particular, we automatically identified tissue-based biomarkers having significant prognostic value for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients (Gleason scores 6–7b) after radical prostatectomy. We found that promising phenes were related to CD8(+) and CD68(+) cells in the microenvironment of cancerous glands in combination with the local micro-vascularization. Recurrence prediction based on the selected phenes yielded accuracies up to 83% thereby clearly outperforming prediction based on the Gleason score. Moreover, we compared different machine learning algorithms to combine the most relevant phenes resulting in increased accuracies of 88% for tumor progression prediction. These findings will be of potential use for future prognostic tests for prostate cancer patients and provide a proof-of-principle of the Tissue Phenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harald Hessel
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mehmet Yigitsoy
- Definiens AG, Munich, Germany.,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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48
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Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, van de Vijver K, Estrada MV, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders M, Solomon B, Solinas C, Van den Eynden GGGM, Allory Y, Preusser M, Hainfellner J, Pruneri G, Vingiani A, Demaria S, Symmans F, Nuciforo P, Comerma L, Thompson EA, Lakhani S, Kim SR, Schnitt S, Colpaert C, Sotiriou C, Scherer SJ, Ignatiadis M, Badve S, Pierce RH, Viale G, Sirtaine N, Penault-Llorca F, Sugie T, Fineberg S, Paik S, Srinivasan A, Richardson A, Wang Y, Chmielik E, Brock J, Johnson DB, Balko J, Wienert S, Bossuyt V, Michiels S, Ternes N, Burchardi N, Luen SJ, Savas P, Klauschen F, Watson PH, Nelson BH, Criscitiello C, O’Toole S, Larsimont D, de Wind R, Curigliano G, André F, Lacroix-Triki M, van de Vijver M, Rojo F, Floris G, Bedri S, Sparano J, Rimm D, Nielsen T, Kos Z, Hewitt S, Singh B, Farshid G, Loibl S, Allison KH, Tung N, Adams S, Willard-Gallo K, Horlings HM, Gandhi L, Moreira A, Hirsch F, Dieci MV, Urbanowicz M, Brcic I, Korski K, Gaire F, Koeppen H, Lo A, Giltnane J, Ziai J, Rebelatto MC, Steele KE, Zha J, Emancipator K, Juco JW, Denkert C, Reis-Filho J, Loi S, Fox SB. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:311-335. [PMID: 28777143 PMCID: PMC5638696 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are evaluated and implemented in different tumor types. However, many different approaches can be used to assess and describe the immune response, which limits efforts at implementation as a routine clinical biomarker. In part 1 of this review, we have proposed a standardized methodology to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumors, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines for invasive breast carcinoma. In part 2 of this review, we discuss the available evidence for the prognostic and predictive value of TILs in common solid tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, gynecologic system, and head and neck, as well as primary brain tumors, mesothelioma and melanoma. The particularities and different emphases in TIL assessment in different tumor types are discussed. The standardized methodology we propose can be adapted to different tumor types and may be used as a standard against which other approaches can be compared. Standardization of TIL assessment will help clinicians, researchers and pathologists to conclusively evaluate the utility of this simple biomarker in the current era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory/Breast International Group, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology and TCRU, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gevaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tom John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bibhusal Thapa
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Koen van de Vijver
- Divisions of Diagnostic Oncology & Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert GGM Van den Eynden
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Allory
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- INSERM, UMR 955, Créteil, France
- Département de pathologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hainfellner
- Institute of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Demaria
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sunil Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seong-Rim Kim
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart Schnitt
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cecile Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan J. Scherer
- Academic Medical Innovation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Robert H. Pierce
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Central Laboratory and Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Sirtaine
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of Auvergne UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tomohagu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical School, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Gliwice, Poland
- Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jane Brock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Justin Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- VMscope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nils Ternes
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Stephen J. Luen
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter H. Watson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sandra O’Toole
- The Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Bella Vista, Australia
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland de Wind
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark van de Vijver
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shahinaz Bedri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Centre, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Torsten Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Gelareh Farshid
- Directorate of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Nadine Tung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Sylvia Adams
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Andre Moreira
- Pulmonary Pathology, New York University Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Fred Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Urbanowicz
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Gaire
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Amy Lo
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Jiping Zha
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersberg, USA
| | | | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM. The inflammatory microenvironment and microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:11-24. [PMID: 29089606 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes the development of several types of solid cancers and might contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. This hypothesis partly originates in the frequent observation of inflammatory cells in the prostate microenvironment of adult men. Inflammation is associated with putative prostate cancer precursor lesions, termed proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Inflammation might drive prostate carcinogenesis via oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species that induce mutagenesis. Additionally, inflammatory stress might cause epigenetic alterations that promote neoplastic transformation. Proliferative inflammatory atrophy is enriched for proliferative luminal epithelial cells of intermediate phenotype that might be prone to genomic alterations leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Studies in animals suggest that inflammatory changes in the prostate microenvironment contribute to reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, a possible step in tumour initiation. Prostatic infection, concurrent with epithelial barrier disruption, might be a key driver of an inflammatory microenvironment; the discovery of a urinary microbiome indicates a potential source of frequent exposure of the prostate to a diverse number of microorganisms. Hence, current evidence suggests that inflammation and atrophy are involved in prostate carcinogenesis and suggests a role for the microbiome in establishing an inflammatory prostate microenvironment that might promote prostate cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Docetaxel and mitoxantrone before radical prostatectomy in men with high-risk prostate cancer: 10-year follow-up and immune correlates. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:120-126. [PMID: 27669423 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to report the clinical outcomes in a cohort of men with high-risk prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel and mitoxantrone 10 years after treatment, identify pretreatment clinical parameters that may be predictors of recurrence, and describe tumor-infiltrating leukocytes present in radical prostatectomy specimens. We conducted a phase I/II study of neoadjuvant docetaxel and mitoxantrone before radical prostatectomy in high-risk localized prostate cancer to determine the feasibility of this combination and predictors of prostate cancer recurrence after cytotoxic chemotherapy. After 10 years of follow-up, 34 (63%) of 54 participants experience a recurrence. In univariate analysis, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (P=0.01), pathological stage (P=0.03), lymph node status (P<0.0001), seminal vesicle invasion (P=0.003), and tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression (P=0.016) were significantly associated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only lymph node status, PSA density, and VEGF expression were significant predictors of disease recurrence. We used a tissue microarray for the first 50 participants to characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and evaluate them for association with recurrence. We measured CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD20, CD15, CD68, and CD163 by immunohistochemistry in both tumor and normal prostate specimens, but did not find an association between immunophenotype and recurrence. There was a significantly different density of CD68 and CD163 cells between normal and tumor tissue. Lymph node status, PSA density, and tissue VEGF expression predict recurrence after chemotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential benefit of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting.
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