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Vuong TNAM, Bartolf-Kopp M, Andelovic K, Jungst T, Farbehi N, Wise SG, Hayward C, Stevens MC, Rnjak-Kovacina J. Integrating Computational and Biological Hemodynamic Approaches to Improve Modeling of Atherosclerotic Arteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2307627. [PMID: 38704690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, resulting in mortality, elevated healthcare costs, diminished productivity, and reduced quality of life for individuals and their communities. This is exacerbated by the limited understanding of its underlying causes and limitations in current therapeutic interventions, highlighting the need for sophisticated models of atherosclerosis. This review critically evaluates the computational and biological models of atherosclerosis, focusing on the study of hemodynamics in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Computational models account for the geometrical complexities and hemodynamics of the blood vessels and stenoses, but they fail to capture the complex biological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Different in vitro and in vivo biological models can capture aspects of the biological complexity of healthy and stenosed vessels, but rarely mimic the human anatomy and physiological hemodynamics, and require significantly more time, cost, and resources. Therefore, emerging strategies are examined that integrate computational and biological models, and the potential of advances in imaging, biofabrication, and machine learning is explored in developing more effective models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Andelovic
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584, Netherlands
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Garvan Weizmann Center for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher Hayward
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Charles Stevens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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Tereshchenko Y, Esiyok N, Garea-Rodríguez E, Repetto D, Behr R, Rodríguez-Polo I. Transgene-Free Cynomolgus Monkey iPSCs Generated under Chemically Defined Conditions. Cells 2024; 13:558. [PMID: 38534402 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are pivotal animal models for translating novel cell replacement therapies into clinical applications, including validating the safety and efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived products. Preclinical development and the testing of cell-based therapies ideally comprise xenogeneic (human stem cells into NHPs) and allogenic (NHP stem cells into NHPs) transplantation studies. For the allogeneic approach, it is necessary to generate NHP-iPSCs with generally equivalent quality to the human counterparts that will be used later on in patients. Here, we report the generation and characterization of transgene- and feeder-free cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) iPSCs (Cyno-iPSCs). These novel cell lines have been generated according to a previously developed protocol for the generation of rhesus macaque, baboon, and human iPSC lines. Beyond their generation, we demonstrate the potential of the novel Cyno-iPSCs to differentiate into two clinically relevant cell types, i.e., cardiomyocytes and neurons. Overall, we provide a resource of novel iPSCs from the most frequently used NHP species in the regulatory testing of biologics and classical pharmaceutics to expand our panel of iPSC lines from NHP species with high relevance in preclinical testing and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Tereshchenko
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nesil Esiyok
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Daniele Repetto
- Charles River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 9, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Polo
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Bhatt LK, Shah CR, Patel SD, Patel SR, Patel VA, Patel RJ, Joshi NM, Shah NA, Patel JH, Dwivedi P, Sundar R, Jain MR. A Retrospective Comparison of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Ketamine and Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anesthetized Indian Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta). Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:184-195. [PMID: 38108647 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiographic evaluation is performed in rhesus monkeys to establish the cardiovascular safety of candidate molecules before progressing to clinical trials. These animals are usually immobilized chemically by ketamine (KTM) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) to obtain a steady-state heart rate and to ensure adequate human safety. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of these anesthetic regimens on different electrocardiographic parameters. Statistically significant lower HR and higher P-wave duration, RR, QRS, and QT intervals were observed in the KTM-anesthetized group in comparison to TZ-anesthetized animals. No significant changes were noticed in the PR interval and p-wave amplitude. Sex-based significance amongst these parameters was observed in male and female animals of TZ- and KTM-anesthetized groups. Regression analysis of four QTc formulas in TZ-anesthetized rhesus monkeys revealed that QTcNAK (Nakayama) better corrected the QT interval than QTcHAS (Hassimoto), QTcBZT (Bazett), and QTcFRD (Fridericia) formulas. QTcNAK exhibited the least correlation with the RR interval (slope closest to zero and r = .01) and displayed no statistical significance between male and female animals. These data will prove useful in the selection of anesthetic regimens for chemical restraint of rhesus monkeys in nonclinical safety evaluation studies.
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Negrey JD, Frye BM, Craft S, Register TC, Baxter MG, Jorgensen MJ, Shively CA. Executive function mediates age-related variation in social integration in female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). GeroScience 2024; 46:841-852. [PMID: 37217631 PMCID: PMC10828467 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, social participation and integration wane with advanced age, a pattern hypothesized to stem from cognitive or physical decrements. Similar age-related decreases in social participation have been observed in several nonhuman primate species. Here, we investigated cross-sectional age-related associations between social interactions, activity patterns, and cognitive function in 25 group-living female vervets (a.k.a. African green monkeys, Chlorocebus sabaeus) aged 8-29 years. Time spent in affiliative behavior decreased with age, and time spent alone correspondingly increased. Furthermore, time spent grooming others decreased with age, but the amount of grooming received did not. The number of social partners to whom individuals directed grooming also decreased with age. Grooming patterns mirrored physical activity levels, which also decreased with age. The relationship between age and grooming time was mediated, in part, by cognitive performance. Specifically, executive function significantly mediated age's effect on time spent in grooming interactions. In contrast, we did not find evidence that physical performance mediated age-related variation in social participation. Taken together, our results suggest that aging female vervets were not socially excluded but decreasingly engaged in social behavior, and that cognitive deficits may underlie this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA.
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Ito S, Amioka N, Franklin MK, Wang P, Liang CL, Katsumata Y, Cai L, Temel RE, Daugherty A, Lu HS, Sawada H. Association of NOTCH3 With Elastic Fiber Dispersion in the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta of Cynomolgus Monkeys. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2301-2311. [PMID: 37855127 PMCID: PMC10843096 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regional heterogeneity of vascular components and transcriptomes is an important determinant of aortic biology. This notion has been explored in multiple mouse studies. In the present study, we examined the regional heterogeneity of aortas in nonhuman primates. METHODS Aortic samples were harvested from the ascending, descending thoracic, suprarenal, and infrarenal regions of young control monkeys and adult monkeys with high fructose consumption for 3 years. The regional heterogeneity of aortic structure and transcriptomes was examined by histological and bulk RNA sequencing analyses, respectively. RESULTS Immunostaining of CD31 and αSMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) revealed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells were distributed homogeneously across the aortic regions. In contrast, elastic fibers were less abundant and dispersed in the infrarenal aorta compared with other regions and associated with collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing identified a distinct transcriptome related to the Notch signaling pathway in the infrarenal aorta with significantly increased NOTCH3 mRNA compared with other regions. Immunostaining revealed that NOTCH3 protein was increased in the media of the infrarenal aorta. The abundance of medial NOTCH3 was positively correlated with the dispersion of elastic fibers. Adult cynomolgus monkeys with high fructose consumption displayed vascular wall remodeling, such as smooth muscle cell loss and elastic fiber disruption, predominantly in the infrarenal region. The correlation between NOTCH3 and elastic fiber dispersion was enhanced in these monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys display regional heterogeneity of their transcriptome and the structure of elastin and collagens. Elastic fibers in the infrarenal aorta are dispersed along with upregulation of medial NOTCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | | | - Pengjun Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Lei Cai
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | - Ryan E. Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
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Chen HC, Liu YW, Chang KC, Wu YW, Chen YM, Chao YK, You MY, Lundy DJ, Lin CJ, Hsieh ML, Cheng YC, Prajnamitra RP, Lin PJ, Ruan SC, Chen DHK, Shih ESC, Chen KW, Chang SS, Chang CMC, Puntney R, Moy AW, Cheng YY, Chien HY, Lee JJ, Wu DC, Hwang MJ, Coonen J, Hacker TA, Yen CLE, Rey FE, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PCH. Gut butyrate-producers confer post-infarction cardiac protection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7249. [PMID: 37945565 PMCID: PMC10636175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its metabolites are increasingly implicated in several cardiovascular diseases, but their role in human myocardial infarction (MI) injury responses have yet to be established. To address this, we examined stool samples from 77 ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patients using 16 S V3-V4 next-generation sequencing, metagenomics and machine learning. Our analysis identified an enriched population of butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings were then validated using a controlled ischemia/reperfusion model using eight nonhuman primates. To elucidate mechanisms, we inoculated gnotobiotic mice with these bacteria and found that they can produce beta-hydroxybutyrate, supporting cardiac function post-MI. This was further confirmed using HMGCS2-deficient mice which lack endogenous ketogenesis and have poor outcomes after MI. Inoculation increased plasma ketone levels and provided significant improvements in cardiac function post-MI. Together, this demonstrates a previously unknown role of gut butyrate-producers in the post-MI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yi You
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Marvin L Hsieh
- Model Organisms Research Core, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ray P Prajnamitra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chian Ruan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Edward S C Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cindy M C Chang
- Model Organisms Research Core, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Riley Puntney
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Amy Wu Moy
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University & Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University & Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Model Organisms Research Core, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - C-L Eric Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Chakravarty S, Donoghue J, Waite AS, Mahnke M, Garwood IC, Gallo S, Miller EK, Brown EN. Closed-loop control of anesthetic state in nonhuman primates. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad293. [PMID: 37920551 PMCID: PMC10619513 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Research in human volunteers and surgical patients has shown that unconsciousness under general anesthesia can be reliably tracked using real-time electroencephalogram processing. Hence, a closed-loop anesthesia delivery (CLAD) system that maintains precisely specified levels of unconsciousness is feasible and would greatly aid intraoperative patient management. The US Federal Drug Administration has approved no CLAD system for human use due partly to a lack of testing in appropriate animal models. To address this key roadblock, we implement a nonhuman primate (NHP) CLAD system that controls the level of unconsciousness using the anesthetic propofol. The key system components are a local field potential (LFP) recording system; propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic models; the control variable (LFP power between 20 and 30 Hz), a programmable infusion system and a linear quadratic integral controller. Our CLAD system accurately controlled the level of unconsciousness along two different 125-min dynamic target trajectories for 18 h and 45 min in nine experiments in two NHPs. System performance measures were comparable or superior to those in previous CLAD reports. We demonstrate that an NHP CLAD system can reliably and accurately control in real-time unconsciousness maintained by anesthesia. Our findings establish critical steps for CLAD systems' design and testing prior to human testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourish Chakravarty
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacob Donoghue
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ayan S Waite
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Meredith Mahnke
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Indie C Garwood
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Gallo
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Earl K Miller
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Ye Y, Yang K, Liu H, Yu Y, Song M, Huang D, Lei J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chu Q, Fan Y, Zhang S, Jing Y, Esteban CR, Wang S, Belmonte JCI, Qu J, Zhang W, Liu GH. SIRT2 counteracts primate cardiac aging via deacetylation of STAT3 that silences CDKN2B. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1269-1287. [PMID: 37783815 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor contributing to pathophysiological changes in the heart, yet its intrinsic mechanisms have been largely unexplored in primates. In this study, we investigated the hypertrophic and senescence phenotypes in the hearts of aged cynomolgus monkeys as well as the transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes of young and aged primate hearts. SIRT2 was identified as a key protein decreased in aged monkey hearts, and engineered SIRT2 deficiency in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulated key senescence features of primate heart aging. Further investigations revealed that loss of SIRT2 in human cardiomyocytes led to the hyperacetylation of STAT3, which transcriptionally activated CDKN2B and, in turn, triggered cardiomyocyte degeneration. Intra-myocardial injection of lentiviruses expressing SIRT2 ameliorated age-related cardiac dysfunction in mice. Taken together, our study provides valuable resources for decoding primate cardiac aging and identifies the SIRT2-STAT3-CDKN2B regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic target against human cardiac aging and aging-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Lei
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Ito S, Amioka N, Franklin MK, Wang P, Liang CL, Katsumata Y, Cai L, Temel RE, Daugherty A, Lu HS, Sawada H. Association of NOTCH3 with Elastic Fiber Dispersion in the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta of Cynomolgus Monkeys. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.04.530901. [PMID: 37767086 PMCID: PMC10522327 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.04.530901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The regional heterogeneity of vascular components and transcriptomes is an important determinant of aortic biology. This notion has been explored in multiple mouse studies. In the present study, we examined the regional heterogeneity of aortas in non-human primates. Methods Aortic samples were harvested from the ascending, descending, suprarenal, and infrarenal regions of young control monkeys and adult monkeys provided with high fructose for 3 years. The regional heterogeneity of aortic structure and transcriptomes was examined by histological and bulk RNA sequencing analyses. Results Immunostaining of CD31 and αSMA revealed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells were distributed homogeneously across the aortic regions. In contrast, elastic fibers were less abundant and dispersed in the infrarenal aorta compared to other regions and associated with collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing identified a distinct transcriptome related to the Notch signaling pathway in the infrarenal aorta with significantly increased NOTCH3 mRNA compared to other regions. Immunostaining revealed that NOTCH3 protein was increased in the media of the infrarenal aorta. The abundance of medial NOTCH3 was positively correlated with the dispersion of elastic fibers. Adult cynomolgus monkeys provided with high fructose displayed vascular wall remodeling, such as smooth muscle cell loss and elastic fiber disruption, predominantly in the infrarenal region. The correlation between NOTCH3 and elastic fiber dispersion was enhanced in these monkeys. Conclusions Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys display regional heterogeneity of their transcriptome and the structure of elastin and collagens. Elastic fibers in the infrarenal aorta are dispersed along with upregulation of medial NOTCH3. HIGHLIGHTS - The present study determined the regional heterogeneity of aortas from cynomolgus monkeys.- Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys displayed region-specific aortic structure and transcriptomes.- Elastic fibers were dispersed in the infrarenal aorta along with increased NOTCH3 abundance in the media. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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10
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Puppala S, Chan J, Zimmerman KD, Hamid Z, Ampong I, Huber HF, Li G, Jadhav AYL, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Olivier M, Cox LA. Multi-omics Analysis of Aging Liver Reveals Changes in Endoplasmic Stress and Degradation Pathways in Female Nonhuman Primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554149. [PMID: 37662261 PMCID: PMC10473634 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver is critical for functions that support metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, and vitamin storage. Aging is associated with severity and poor prognosis of various liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have used multi-omic approaches to study liver diseases or to examine the effects of aging on the liver. However, to date, no studies have used an integrated omics approach to investigate aging-associated molecular changes in the livers of healthy female nonhuman primates. The goal of this study was to identify molecular changes associated with healthy aging in the livers of female baboons ( Papio sp., n=35) by integrating multiple omics data types (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) from samples across the adult age span. To integrate omics data, we performed unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the results revealed 3 modules containing 3,149 genes and 33 proteins were positively correlated with age, and 2 modules containing 37 genes and 216 proteins were negatively correlated with age. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were positively associated with age, whereas xenobiotic metabolism and melatonin and serotonin degradation pathways were negatively associated with age. The findings of our study suggest that UPR and a reduction in reactive oxygen species generated from serotonin degradation could protect the liver from oxidative stress during the aging process in healthy female baboons.
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11
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Poch CM, Dendorfer A, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Ex vivo Culture and Contractile Force Measurements of Non-human Primate Heart Slices. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4750. [PMID: 37456341 PMCID: PMC10338344 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Patient mortality has been successfully reduced by nearly half in the last four decades, mainly due to advances in minimally invasive surgery techniques and interventional cardiology methods. However, a major hurdle is still the translational gap between preclinical findings and the conversion into effective therapies, which is partly due to the use of model systems that fail to recapitulate key aspects of human physiology and disease. Large animal models such as pigs and non-human primates are highly valuable because they closely resemble humans but are costly and time intensive. Here, we provide a method for long-term ex vivo culture of non-human primate (NHP) myocardial tissue that offers a powerful alternative for a wide range of applications including electrophysiology studies, drug screening, and gene function analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Poch
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre of Cardiovascular Research) – Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre of Cardiovascular Research) – Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre of Cardiovascular Research) – Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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12
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Ding L, Liu J, Zhou L, Xiao X. Maternal Exercise Impacts Offspring Metabolic Health in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2793. [PMID: 37375697 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise benefits offspring's metabolic health with long-term repercussions. Here, we systematically reviewed the effects of maternal exercise on offspring obesity outcomes in adulthood. The primary outcome is body weight. The secondary outcomes are glucose and lipid profiles. Two independent authors performed a search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. A total of nine studies with 17 different cohorts consisting of 369 animals (two species) were included. Study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. The results showed that maternal exercise contributes to improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin concentration, and lower total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels in adult offspring in mice, which are independent of maternal body weight and offspring dietary condition. Additionally, in rats, maternal exercise leads to a higher body weight in adult offspring, which might be attributed to the high-fat diet of offspring after weaning. These findings further support the metabolic beneficial role of maternal exercise on offspring in adulthood, although the issue of translating the results to the human population is still yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Martinez-Peinado N, Escabia E, Ros-Lucas A, Chatelain E, Scandale I, Gascon J, Pinazo MJ, Alonso-Padilla J. State-of-the-Art in the Drug Discovery Pathway for Chagas Disease: A Framework for Drug Development and Target Validation. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:1-19. [PMID: 37337597 PMCID: PMC10277022 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s415273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is the most important protozoan infection in the Americas, and constitutes a significant public health concern throughout the world. Development of new medications against its etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been traditionally slow and difficult, lagging in comparison with diseases caused by other kinetoplastid parasites. Among the factors that explain this are the incompletely understood mechanisms of pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and its complex set of interactions with the host in the chronic stage of the disease. These demand the performance of a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays as part of any drug development effort. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the parasite's life cycle and their implications in the search for new chemotherapeutics. For this, we present a framework to guide drug discovery efforts against Chagas disease, considering state-of-the-art preclinical models and recently developed tools for the identification and validation of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Escabia
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ros-Lucas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Pinazo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bustamante JM, White BE, Wilkerson GK, Hodo CL, Auckland LD, Wang W, McCain S, Hamer SA, Saunders AB, Tarleton RL. Frequency Variation and Dose Modification of Benznidazole Administration for the Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice, Dogs, and Nonhuman Primates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0013223. [PMID: 37039666 PMCID: PMC10190575 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00132-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi naturally infects a broad range of mammalian species and frequently results in the pathology that has been most extensively characterized in human Chagas disease. Currently employed treatment regimens fail to achieve parasitological cure of T. cruzi infection in the majority of cases. In this study, we have extended our previous investigations of more effective, higher dose, intermittent administration protocols using the FDA-approved drug benznidazole (BNZ), in experimentally infected mice and in naturally infected dogs and nonhuman primates (NHP). Collectively, these studies demonstrate that twice-weekly administration of BNZ for more than 4 months at doses that are ~2.5-fold that of previously used daily dosing protocols, provided the best chance to obtain parasitological cure. Dosing less frequently or for shorter time periods was less dependable in all species. Prior treatment using an ineffective dosing regimen in NHPs did not prevent the attainment of parasitological cure with an intensified BNZ dosing protocol. Furthermore, parasites isolated after a failed BNZ treatment showed nearly identical susceptibility to BNZ as those obtained prior to treatment, confirming the low risk of induction of drug resistance with BNZ and the ability to adjust the treatment protocol when an initial regimen fails. These results provide guidance for the use of BNZ as an effective treatment for T. cruzi infection and encourage its wider use, minimally in high value dogs and at-risk NHP, but also potentially in humans, until better options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bustamante
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke E. White
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory K. Wilkerson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Hodo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa D. Auckland
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley B. Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rick L. Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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15
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Karere GM, Glenn JP, Li G, Konar A, VandeBerg JL, Cox LA. Potential miRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early atherosclerotic lesions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3467. [PMID: 36859458 PMCID: PMC9977938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers indicative of burden of early atherosclerosis that occur prior to advancement to life-threatening unstable plaques is the key to eradication of CAD prevalence and incidences. We challenged 16 baboons with a high cholesterol, high fat diet for 2 years and evaluated early-stage atherosclerotic lesions (fatty streaks, FS, and fibrous plaques, FP) in formalin-fixed common iliac arteries (CIA). We used small RNA sequencing to identify expressed miRNAs in CIA and in baseline blood samples of the same animals. We found 412 expressed miRNAs in CIA and 356 in blood samples. Eight miRNAs (miR-7975, -486-5p, -451a, -191-5p, -148a-3p, -17-5p, -378c, and -144-3p) were differentially expressed between paired fatty streak lesion and no-lesion sites of the tissue, and 27 miRNAs (e.g., miR-92a-3p, -5001, -342-3p, miR-28-3p, -21-5p, -221-3p, 146a-5p, and -16-5p) in fibrous plaques. The expression of 14 blood miRNAs significantly correlated with extent of lesions and the number of plaques. We identified coordinately regulated miRNA-gene networks in which miR-17-5p and miR-146a-5p are central hubs and miR-5001 and miR-7975 are potentially novel miRNAs associated with early atherosclerosis. In summary, we have identified miRNAs expressed in lesions and in blood that correlate with lesion burden and are potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. These findings are a first step in elucidating miRNA regulated molecular mechanisms that underlie early atherosclerosis in a baboon model, enabling translation of our findings to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesio M Karere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Jeremy P Glenn
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ayati Konar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownville, Harlingen, Edinburg, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
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16
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Bustamante JM, White BE, Wilkerson GK, Hodo CL, Auckland LD, Wang W, McCain S, Hamer SA, Saunders AB, Tarleton RL. Frequency variation and dose modification of benznidazole administration for the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice, dogs and non-human primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36778432 PMCID: PMC9915573 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi naturally infects a broad range of mammalian species and frequently results in the pathology that has been most extensively characterized in human Chagas disease. Currently employed treatment regimens fail to achieve parasitological cure of T. cruzi infection in the majority of cases. In this study, we have extended our previous investigations of more effective, higher dose, intermittent administration protocols using the FDA-approved drug benznidazole (BNZ), in experimentally infected mice and in naturally infected dogs and non-human primates (NHP). Collectively these studies demonstrate that twice-weekly administration of BNZ for more than 4 months at doses that are ∼2.5-fold that of previously used daily dosing protocols, provided the best chance to obtain parasitological cure. Dosing less frequently or for shorter time periods was less dependable in all species. Prior treatment using an ineffective dosing regimen in NHPs did not prevent the attainment of parasitological cure with an intensified BNZ dosing protocol. Furthermore, parasites isolated after a failed BNZ treatment showed nearly identical susceptibility to BNZ as those obtained prior to treatment, confirming the low risk of induction of drug resistance with BNZ and the ability to adjust the treatment protocol when an initial regimen fails. These results provide guidance for the use of BNZ as an effective treatment for T. cruzi infection and encourage its wider use, minimally in high value dogs and at-risk NHP, but also potentially in humans, until better options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bustamante
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke E White
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn L Hodo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa D Auckland
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rick L Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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17
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Cassidy LC, Bethell EJ, Brockhausen RR, Boretius S, Treue S, Pfefferle D. The Dot-Probe Attention Bias Task as a Method to Assess Psychological Well-Being after Anesthesia: A Study with Adult Female Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Eur Surg Res 2023; 64:37-53. [PMID: 34915502 PMCID: PMC9909723 DOI: 10.1159/000521440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact routine research and laboratory procedures have on animals is crucial to improving their well-being and to the success and reproducibility of the research they are involved in. Cognitive measures of welfare offer insight into animals' internal psychological state, but require validation. Attention bias - the tendency to attend to one type of information over another - is a cognitive phenomenon documented in humans and animals that is known to be modulated by affective state (i.e., emotions). Hence, changes in attention bias may offer researchers a deeper perspective of their animals' psychological well-being. The dot-probe task is an established method for quantifying attention bias in humans (by measuring reaction time to a dot-probe replacing pairs of stimuli), but has yet to be validated in animals. We developed a dot-probe task for long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to determine if the task can detect changes in attention bias following anesthesia, a context known to modulate attention and trigger physiological arousal in macaques. Our task included the following features: stimulus pairs of threatening and neutral facial expressions of conspecifics and their scrambled counterparts, two stimuli durations (100 and 1,000 ms), and counterbalancing of the dot-probe's position on the touchscreen (left and right) and location relative to the threatening stimulus. We tested 8 group-housed adult females on different days relative to being anesthetized (baseline and 1-, 3-, 7-, and 14-days after). At baseline, monkeys were vigilant to threatening content when stimulus pairs were presented for 100 ms, but not 1,000 ms. On the day immediately following anesthesia, we found evidence that attention bias changed to an avoidance of threatening content. Attention bias returned to threat vigilance by the third day postanesthesia and remained so up to the last day of testing (14-days after anesthesia). We also found that attention bias was independent of the type of stimuli pair (i.e., whole face vs. scrambled counterparts), suggesting that the scrambled stimuli retained aspects of the original stimuli. Nevertheless, whole faces were more salient to the monkeys as responses to these trials were generally slower than to scrambled stimulus pairs. Overall, our study suggests it is feasible to detect changes in attention bias following anesthesia using the dot-probe task in nonhuman primates. Our results also reveal important aspects of stimulus preparation and experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Cassidy
- Welfare and Cognition Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Emily J Bethell
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Centre in Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ralf R Brockhausen
- Welfare and Cognition Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Treue
- Welfare and Cognition Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dana Pfefferle
- Welfare and Cognition Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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18
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Ampong I, Zimmerman KD, Perumalla DS, Wallis KE, Li G, Huber HF, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Cox LA, Olivier M. Maternal obesity alters offspring liver and skeletal muscle metabolism in early post-puberty despite maintaining a normal post-weaning dietary lifestyle. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22644. [PMID: 36415994 PMCID: PMC9827852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201473r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) during pregnancy is linked to increased and premature risk of age-related metabolic diseases in the offspring. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain not fully understood. Using a well-established nonhuman primate model of MO, we analyzed tissue biopsies and plasma samples obtained from post-pubertal offspring (3-6.5 y) of MO mothers (n = 19) and from control animals born to mothers fed a standard diet (CON, n = 13). All offspring ate a healthy chow diet after weaning. Using untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis, we quantified a total of 351 liver, 316 skeletal muscle, and 423 plasma metabolites. We identified 58 metabolites significantly altered in the liver and 46 in the skeletal muscle of MO offspring, with 8 metabolites shared between both tissues. Several metabolites were changed in opposite directions in males and females in both liver and skeletal muscle. Several tissue-specific and 4 shared metabolic pathways were identified from these dysregulated metabolites. Interestingly, none of the tissue-specific metabolic changes were reflected in plasma. Overall, our study describes characteristic metabolic perturbations in the liver and skeletal muscle in MO offspring, indicating that metabolic programming in utero persists postnatally, and revealing potential novel mechanisms that may contribute to age-related metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ampong
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Danu S. Perumalla
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Katharyn E. Wallis
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ge Li
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Cun Li
- Center for Pregnancy & Newborn ResearchUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Center for Pregnancy & Newborn ResearchUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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19
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Padilla AM, Wang W, Akama T, Carter DS, Easom E, Freund Y, Halladay JS, Liu Y, Hamer SA, Hodo CL, Wilkerson GK, Orr D, White B, George A, Shen H, Jin Y, Wang MZ, Tse S, Jacobs RT, Tarleton RL. Discovery of an orally active benzoxaborole prodrug effective in the treatment of Chagas disease in non-human primates. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1536-1546. [PMID: 36065062 PMCID: PMC9519446 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, probably infects tens of millions of people, primarily in Latin America, causing morbidity and mortality. The options for treatment and prevention of Chagas disease are limited and underutilized. Here we describe the discovery of a series of benzoxaborole compounds with nanomolar activity against extra- and intracellular stages of T. cruzi. Leveraging both ongoing drug discovery efforts in related kinetoplastids, and the exceptional models for rapid drug screening and optimization in T. cruzi, we have identified the prodrug AN15368 that is activated by parasite carboxypeptidases to yield a compound that targets the messenger RNA processing pathway in T. cruzi. AN15368 was found to be active in vitro and in vivo against a range of genetically distinct T. cruzi lineages and was uniformly curative in non-human primates (NHPs) with long-term naturally acquired infections. Treatment in NHPs also revealed no detectable acute toxicity or long-term health or reproductive impact. Thus, AN15368 is an extensively validated and apparently safe, clinically ready candidate with promising potential for prevention and treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Padilla
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Easom
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn L Hodo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Orr
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brooke White
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Arlene George
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Huifeng Shen
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yiru Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susanna Tse
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Worldwide Research, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rick L Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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20
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Zong B, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Kan G, Li M, Feng J, Wang Y, Chen X, Jin R, Ge Q. Effects of long-term simulated microgravity on liver metabolism in rhesus macaques. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22536. [PMID: 36070186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200544rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential multifunctional organ and constantly communicates with nearly all the tissues in the body. Spaceflight or simulated microgravity has a significant impact on the livers of rodent models, including lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Whether similar liver lipotoxicity could occur in humans is not known, even though altered circulating cholesterol profile has been reported in astronauts. Using a 42-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) model in rhesus macaques, the present study investigated whether simulated microgravity alters the liver of non-human primates at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Its association with stress and intestinal changes was also explored. Compared to the controls, the HDBR monkeys showed mild liver injury, elevated ANGPTL3 level in the plasma, and accumulation of fat vacuoles and inflammatory cells in the liver. Altered transcriptome signatures with up-regulation of genes in lipid metabolisms and down-regulation of genes in innate immune defense were also found in HDBR group-derived liver samples. The metabolic profiling of the liver revealed mildly disturbed fatty acid metabolism in the liver of HDBR monkeys. The intestinal dysbiosis, its associated endotoxemia and changes in the composition of bile acids, and elevated stress hormone in HDBR monkeys may contribute to the altered lipid metabolisms in the liver. These data indicate that liver metabolic functions and gut-liver axis should be closely monitored in prolonged spaceflight to facilitate strategy design to improve and maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zong
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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21
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Tarantal AF, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Noctor SC. Translational Utility of the Nonhuman Primate Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:491-497. [PMID: 35283343 PMCID: PMC9576492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are essential for the study of human disease and to explore the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They share similar genetic, physiologic, immunologic, reproductive, and developmental features with humans and thus have proven crucial for the study of embryonic/fetal development, organ system ontogeny, and the role of the maternal-placental-fetal interface in health and disease. The fetus may be exposed to a variety of inflammatory stimuli including infectious microbes as well as maternal inflammation, which can result from infections, obesity, or environmental exposures. Growing evidence supports that inflammation is a mediator of fetal programming and that the maternal immune system is tightly integrated with fetal-placental immune responses that may set a postnatal path for future health or disease. This review addresses some of the unique features of the nonhuman primate model system, specifically the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and importance of the species for studies focused on organ system ontogeny and the impact of viral teratogens in relation to development and congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Rodriguez-Polo I, Behr R. Non-human primate pluripotent stem cells for the preclinical testing of regenerative therapies. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1867-1874. [PMID: 35142660 PMCID: PMC8848615 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates play a key role in the preclinical validation of pluripotent stem cell-based cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells used as advanced therapy medical products boost the possibility to regenerate tissues and organs affected by degenerative diseases. Therefore, the methods to derive human induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell lines following clinical standards have quickly developed in the last 15 years. For the preclinical validation of cell replacement therapies in non-human primates, it is necessary to generate non-human primate pluripotent stem cell with a homologous quality to their human counterparts. However, pluripotent stem cell technologies have developed at a slower pace in non-human primates in comparison with human cell systems. In recent years, however, relevant progress has also been made with non-human primate pluripotent stem cells. This review provides a systematic overview of the progress and remaining challenges for the generation of non-human primate induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells for the preclinical testing and validation of cell replacement therapies. We focus on the critical domains of (1) reprogramming and embryonic stem cell line derivation, (2) cell line maintenance and characterization and, (3) application of non-human primate pluripotent stem cells in the context of selected preclinical studies to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders performed in non-human primates.
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24
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Rodriguez-Polo I, Mißbach S, Petkov S, Mattern F, Maierhofer A, Grządzielewska I, Tereshchenko Y, Urrutia-Cabrera D, Haaf T, Dressel R, Bartels I, Behr R. A piggyBac-based platform for genome editing and clonal rhesus macaque iPSC line derivation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15439. [PMID: 34326359 PMCID: PMC8322147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are, due to their close phylogenetic relationship to humans, excellent animal models to study clinically relevant mutations. However, the toolbox for the genetic modification of NHPs is less developed than those for other species like mice. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop and refine genome editing approaches in NHPs. NHP pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) share key molecular signatures with the early embryo, which is an important target for genomic modification. Therefore, PSCs are a valuable test system for the validation of embryonic genome editing approaches. In the present study, we made use of the versatility of the piggyBac transposon system for different purposes in the context of NHP stem cell technology and genome editing. These include (1) Robust reprogramming of rhesus macaque fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); (2) Culture of the iPSCs under feeder-free conditions even after removal of the transgene resulting in transgene-free iPSCs; (3) Development of a CRISPR/Cas-based work-flow to edit the genome of rhesus macaque PSCs with high efficiency; (4) Establishment of a novel protocol for the derivation of gene-edited monoclonal NHP-iPSC lines. These findings facilitate efficient testing of genome editing approaches in NHP-PSC before their in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rodriguez-Polo
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Mißbach
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Mattern
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maierhofer
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iga Grządzielewska
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Molecular Biology Program (M.Sc./Ph.D.), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuliia Tereshchenko
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Molecular Biology Program (M.Sc./Ph.D.), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Urrutia-Cabrera
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Center for Eye Research Australia, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtalle 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Veluswamy P, Wacker M, Stavridis D, Reichel T, Schmidt H, Scherner M, Wippermann J, Michels G. The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications. Viruses 2021; 13:1346. [PMID: 34372552 PMCID: PMC8310117 DOI: 10.3390/v13071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Veluswamy
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Max Wacker
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimitrios Stavridis
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jens Wippermann
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Guido Michels
- Department of Acute and Emergency Care, Sankt Antonius-Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany;
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26
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Zuma AA, Dos Santos Barrias E, de Souza W. Basic Biology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1671-1732. [PMID: 33272165 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201203213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review addresses basic aspects of the biology of the pathogenic protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and some comparative information of Trypanosoma brucei. Like eukaryotic cells, their cellular organization is similar to that of mammalian hosts. However, these parasites present structural particularities. That is why the following topics are emphasized in this paper: developmental stages of the life cycle in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts; the cytoskeleton of the protozoa, especially the sub-pellicular microtubules; the flagellum and its attachment to the protozoan body through specialized junctions; the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, including its structural organization and DNA replication; glycosome and its role in the metabolism of the cell; acidocalcisome, describing its morphology, biochemistry, and functional role; cytostome and the endocytic pathway; the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex; the nucleus, describing its structural organization during interphase and division; and the process of interaction of the parasite with host cells. The unique characteristics of these structures also make them interesting chemotherapeutic targets. Therefore, further understanding of cell biology aspects contributes to the development of drugs for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emile Dos Santos Barrias
- Laboratorio de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida - Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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27
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Tee NGZ, Loo SJ, Su LP, Tao ZH, Gui F, Luo JH, Ye L. A diastolic dysfunction model in non-human primates with transverse aortic constriction. Exp Anim 2021; 70:498-507. [PMID: 34135271 PMCID: PMC8614021 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) has been widely used to study cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure in rodents. Few studies have been reported in preclinical animal models. The similar physiology and anatomy between non-human primates (NHPs) and humans make NHPs valuable models for disease modeling and testing of drugs and devices. In the current study, we aimed to establish a TAC model in NHPs and characterize the structural and functional profiles of the heart after TAC. A non-absorbable suture was placed around the aorta between the brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery to create TAC. NHPs were divided into 2 groups according to pressure gradient (PG): the Mild Group (PG=31.01 ± 12.40 mmHg, n=3) and the Moderate Group (PG=53.00 ± 9.37 mmHg, n=4). At 4 weeks after TAC, animals in both TAC groups developed cardiac hypertrophy: enlarged myocytes and increased wall thickness of the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall. Although both TAC groups had normal systolic function that was similar to a Sham Group, the Moderate Group showed diastolic dysfunction that was associated with more severe cardiac fibrosis, as evidenced by a reduced A wave velocity, large E wave velocity/A wave velocity ratio, and short isovolumic relaxation time corrected by heart rate. Furthermore, no LV arrhythmia was observed in either animal group after TAC. A diastolic dysfunction model with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis was successfully developed in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gee-Zhi Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore
| | - Sze-Jie Loo
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore
| | - Li-Ping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore
| | - Zhong-Hao Tao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Fu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Jun-Hua Luo
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore
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Frye BM, Valure PM, Craft S, Baxter MG, Scott C, Wise-Walden S, Bissinger DW, Register HM, Copeland C, Jorgensen MJ, Justice JN, Kritchevsky SB, Register TC, Shively CA. Temporal emergence of age-associated changes in cognitive and physical function in vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). GeroScience 2021; 43:1303-1315. [PMID: 33611720 PMCID: PMC8190425 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual declines in gait speed and cognitive performance are associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Characterizing the patterns of such impairments therefore is paramount to distinguishing healthy from pathological aging. Nonhuman primates such as vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are important models of human neurocognitive aging, yet the trajectory of dual decline has not been characterized. We therefore (1) assessed whether cognitive and physical performance (i.e., gait speed) are lower in older aged animals; (2) explored the relationship between performance in a novel task of executive function (Wake Forest Maze Task-WFMT) and a well-established assessment of working memory (delayed response task-DR task); and (3) examined the association between baseline gait speed with executive function and working memory at 1-year follow-up. We found (1) physical and cognitive declines with age; (2) strong agreement between performance in the novel WFMT and DR task; and (3) that slow gait is associated with poor cognitive performance in both domains. Our results suggest that older aged vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with human aging and that slow gait may be a biomarker of cognitive decline. This integrative approach provides evidence that gait speed and cognitive function differ across the lifespan in female vervet monkeys, which advances them as a model that could be used to dissect relationships between trajectories of dual decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Frye
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Payton M Valure
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, IW, New York, USA
| | - Christie Scott
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Shanna Wise-Walden
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - David W Bissinger
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Hannah M Register
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Carson Copeland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA.
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA.
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Moussavi A, Mißbach S, Serrano Ferrel C, Ghasemipour H, Kötz K, Drummer C, Behr R, Zimmermann WH, Boretius S. Comparison of cine and real-time cardiac MRI in rhesus macaques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10713. [PMID: 34021218 PMCID: PMC8140156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MRI in rhesus macaques, a species of major relevance for preclinical studies on biological therapies, requires artificial ventilation to realize breath holding. To overcome this limitation of standard cine MRI, the feasibility of Real-Time (RT) cardiac MRI has been tested in a cohort of ten adult rhesus macaques using a clinical MR-system. In spite of lower tissue contrast and sharpness of RT-MRI, cardiac functions were similarly well assessed by RT-MRI compared to cine MRI (similar intra-subject repeatability). However, systematic underestimation of the end-diastolic volume (31 ± 9%), end-systolic volume (20 ± 11%), stroke volume (40 ± 12%) and ejection fraction (13 ± 9%) hamper the comparability of RT-MRI results with those of other cardiac MRI methods. Yet, the underestimations were very consistent (< 5% variability) for repetitive measurements, making RT-MRI an appropriate alternative to cine MRI for longitudinal studies. In addition, RT-MRI enabled the analysis of cardio-respiratory coupling. All functional parameters showed lower values during expiration compared to inspiration, most likely due to the pressure-controlled artificial ventilation. In conclusion, despite systematic underestimation of the functional parameters, RT-MRI allowed the assessment of left ventricular function in macaques with significantly less experimental effort, measurement time, risk and burden for the animals compared to cine MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Moussavi
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sophie Mißbach
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.,Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Serrano Ferrel
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hasti Ghasemipour
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Kötz
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charis Drummer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.,Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.,Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany.,Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Gao Y, Pu J. Differentiation and Application of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Cardiovascular Cells for Treatment of Heart Diseases: Promises and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658088. [PMID: 34055788 PMCID: PMC8149736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are derived from human embryos (human embryonic stem cells) or reprogrammed from human somatic cells (human induced pluripotent stem cells). They can differentiate into cardiovascular cells, which have great potential as exogenous cell resources for restoring cardiac structure and function in patients with heart disease or heart failure. A variety of protocols have been developed to generate and expand cardiovascular cells derived from hPSCs in vitro. Precisely and spatiotemporally activating or inhibiting various pathways in hPSCs is required to obtain cardiovascular lineages with high differentiation efficiency. In this concise review, we summarize the protocols of differentiating hPSCs into cardiovascular cells, highlight their therapeutic application for treatment of cardiac diseases in large animal models, and discuss the challenges and limitations in the use of cardiac cells generated from hPSCs for a better clinical application of hPSC-based cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model in toxicology: strengths and weaknesses for hazard identification and risk characterization. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:887-902. [PMID: 33612039 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes is one of the most widely used cell-based models that resulted from the discovery of how non-embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types. In just one decade, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes went from a research lab to widespread use in biomedical research and preclinical safety evaluation for drugs and other chemicals. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews data on toxicology applications of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We detail the outcome of a systematic literature search on their use (i) in hazard assessment for cardiotoxicity liabilities, (ii) for risk characterization, (iii) as models for population variability, and (iv) in studies of personalized medicine and disease. EXPERT OPINION iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are useful to increase the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of cardiotoxicity hazard identification for both drugs and non-pharmaceuticals, with recent efforts beginning to demonstrate their utility for risk characterization. Notable limitations include the needs to improve the maturation of cells in culture, to better understand their potential use identifying structural cardiotoxicity, and for additional case studies involving population-wide and disease-specific risk characterization. Ultimately, the greatest future benefits are likely for non-pharmaceutical chemicals, filling a critical gap where no routine testing for cardiotoxicity is currently performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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32
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Liu M, Li N, Qu C, Gao Y, Wu L, Hu LG. Amylin deposition activates HIF1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling in failing hearts of non-human primates. Commun Biol 2021; 4:188. [PMID: 33580152 PMCID: PMC7881154 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperamylinemia induces amylin aggregation and toxicity in the pancreas and contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiac amylin deposition in patients with obesity and T2D was found to accelerate heart dysfunction. Non-human primates (NHPs) have similar genetic, metabolic, and cardiovascular processes as humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac amylin in NHPs, particularly related to the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling pathways, are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in NHPs, amylin deposition in heart failure (HF) contributes to cardiac dysfunction via activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling. This was confirmed in two in vitro cardiomyocyte models. Furthermore, alterations of intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, and lactate levels were observed in amylin-treated cells. Our study demonstrates a pathological role for amylin in the activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling in NHPs with HF, establishing amylin as a promising target for heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Gao
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao George Hu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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33
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Singh DK, Singh B, Ganatra SR, Gazi M, Cole J, Thippeshappa R, Alfson KJ, Clemmons E, Gonzalez O, Escobedo R, Lee TH, Chatterjee A, Goez-Gazi Y, Sharan R, Gough M, Alvarez C, Blakley A, Ferdin J, Bartley C, Staples H, Parodi L, Callery J, Mannino A, Klaffke B, Escareno P, Platt RN, Hodara V, Scordo J, Gautam S, Vilanova AG, Olmo-Fontanez A, Schami A, Oyejide A, Ajithdoss DK, Copin R, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Alvarez X, Ahmed M, Rosa B, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Hall-Ursone S, Frost PA, Voges AK, Ross CN, Sayers K, Chen C, Hallam C, Khader SA, Mitreva M, Anderson TJC, Martinez-Sobrido L, Patterson JL, Turner J, Torrelles JB, Dick EJ, Brasky K, Schlesinger LS, Giavedoni LD, Carrion R, Kaushal D. Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:73-86. [PMID: 33340034 PMCID: PMC7890948 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate models will expedite therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to clinical trials. Here, we compare acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old rhesus macaques, baboons and old marmosets. Macaques had clinical signs of viral infection, mild to moderate pneumonitis and extra-pulmonary pathologies, and both age groups recovered in two weeks. Baboons had prolonged viral RNA shedding and substantially more lung inflammation compared with macaques. Inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in old versus young baboons. Using techniques including computed tomography imaging, immunophenotyping, and alveolar/peripheral cytokine response and immunohistochemical analyses, we delineated cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaque and baboon lungs, including innate and adaptive immune cells and a prominent type-I interferon response. Macaques developed T-cell memory phenotypes/responses and bystander cytokine production. Old macaques had lower titres of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels compared with young macaques. Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruby Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maya Gough
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Blakley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Ferdin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Callery
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Mannino
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roy N Platt
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vida Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa Schami
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Goodroe
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrice A Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andra K Voges
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Veterinary Imaging Consulting of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ken Sayers
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cory Hallam
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Generation and Cultivation of Transgene-Free Macaque and Baboon iPSCs Under Chemically Defined Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:697-716. [PMID: 33772458 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP), and in particular Old World monkeys including macaques and baboons, are key animal models for the late preclinical testing of novel stem cell-based therapies and other advanced therapy medical products (ATMP) for the treatment of degenerative diseases. These pathologies are characterized by the loss of functional cells in an organ, as in Parkinson's disease, age-related macular degeneration, or after myocardial infarction. For preclinically relevant testing of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based therapies, robust, and standardized protocols for the generation, characterization, and differentiation of NHP-iPSCs are required. Since the discovery of iPSCs by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, human reprogramming protocols have been continuously refined. However, the generation of integration-free NHP-iPSC lines and a stable feeder- and serum-free long-term culture turned out to be difficult or even impossible with the current protocols established for human iPSCs. Here, we provide a robust protocol for the generation of transgene-free Old World monkey (and human) iPSCs and long-term cultivation under chemically defined conditions. This protocol was successfully applied to generate human, baboon (Papio anubis), rhesus (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) iPSCs from skin fibroblasts. The resulting NHP-iPSCs provide a valuable resource for the preclinical testing of regenerative therapies in NHP.
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Liu J, Yang Z, Wu X, Huang Z, Huang Z, Chen X, Liu Q, Jiang H, Zhu Q. Comparison of the anatomical morphology of cervical vertebrae between humans and macaques: related to a spinal cord injury model. Exp Anim 2020; 70:108-118. [PMID: 33071271 PMCID: PMC7887620 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates are most suitable for generating cervical experimental models, and it is necessary to study the anatomy of the cervical spine in non-human primates when generating the models. The purpose of this study was to provide the anatomical parameters of the cervical spine and spinal cord in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) as a basis for cervical spine-related experimental studies. Cervical spine specimens from 8 male adult subjects were scanned by micro-computed tomography, and an additional 10 live male subjects were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging. The measurements and parameters from them were compared to those of 12 male adult human subjects. Additionally, 10 live male subjects were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging, and the width and depth of the spinal cord and spinal canal and the thickness of the anterior and posterior cerebrospinal fluid were measured and compared to the relevant parameters of 10 male adult human subjects. The tendency of cervical parameters to change with segmental changes was similar between species. The vertebral body, spinal canal, and spinal cord were significantly flatter in the human subjects than in the long-tailed macaques. The cerebrospinal fluid space in the long-tailed macaques was smaller than that in the human subjects. The anatomical features of the cervical vertebrae of long-tailed macaques provide a reference for establishing a preclinical model of cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xushi Chen
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
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Ueda Y, Duler LMM, Elliot KJ, Sosa PMD, Roberts JA, Stern JA. Echocardiographic reference intervals with allometric scaling of 823 clinically healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:348. [PMID: 32962713 PMCID: PMC7510309 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echocardiography is commonly used for assessing cardiac structure and function in various species including non-human primates. A few previous studies reported normal echocardiographic reference intervals of clinically healthy rhesus macaques under sedation. However, these studies were under-powered, and the techniques were not standardized. In addition, body weight, age, and sex matched reference intervals should be established as echocardiographic measurements are commonly influenced by these variables. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for complete echocardiographic parameters based on a large cohort of clinically healthy rhesus macaques with wide ranges of weight and age distributions using allometric scaling. RESULTS A total of 823 rhesus macaques (ages 6 months to 31 years old; body weights 1.4 to 22.6 kg) were enrolled. Of these rhesus macaques, 421 were males and 402 were females. They were assessed with a complete echocardiographic examination including structural and functional evaluation under sedation with ketamine hydrochloride. The reference intervals of the key echocardiographic parameters were indexed to weight, age, and sex by calculating the coefficients of the allometric eq. Y = aMb. On correlation matrix, body weight, age, sex, and heart rate were significantly correlated with various echocardiographic parameters and some of the parameters were strongly correlated with body weight and age. Multiple regression analysis revealed that heart rate and body weight statistically significantly predicted several echocardiographic parameters. Valve regurgitation including tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic, and mitral regurgitations without other cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are common in clinically healthy rhesus macaques under ketamine sedation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the reference intervals of echocardiographic parameters were established by performing complete echocardiographic examinations on a large number of clinical healthy rhesus macaques. In addition, allometric scaling was performed based on their weight, and further indexed to age and sex. These allometrically scaled reference intervals can be used to accurately evaluate echocardiographic data in rhesus macaques and diagnose structural and functional evidence of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ueda
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
| | - Laetitia M. M. Duler
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732 USA
| | - Kami J. Elliot
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Paul-Michael D. Sosa
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Roberts
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732 USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Chatelain E, Scandale I. Animal models of Chagas disease and their translational value to drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1381-1402. [PMID: 32812830 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1806233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION American trypanosomiasis, better known as Chagas disease, is a global public health issue. Current treatments targeting the causative parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, are limited to two old nitroheterocyclic compounds; new, safer drugs are needed. New tools to identify compounds suitable for parasitological cure in humans have emerged through efforts in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED Animal disease models are an integral part of the drug discovery process. There are numerous experimental models of Chagas disease described and in use; rather than going through each of these and their specific features, the authors focus on developments in recent years, in particular the imaging technologies that have dramatically changed the Chagas R&D landscape, and provide a critical view on their value and limitations for moving compounds forward into further development. EXPERT OPINION The application of new technological advances to the field of drug development for Chagas disease has led to the implementation of new and robust/standardized in vivo models that contributed to a better understanding of host/parasite interactions. These new models should also build confidence in their translational value for moving compounds forward into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chatelain
- R&D Department, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- R&D Department, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) , Geneva, Switzerland
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38
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Housman G, Gilad Y. Prime time for primate functional genomics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 62:1-7. [PMID: 32544775 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics research is continually improving our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in humans, and comparative genomics perspectives can provide additional insight into the evolutionary histories of such relationships. To specifically identify conservation or species-specific divergence in humans, we must look to our closest extant evolutionary relatives. Primate functional genomics research has been steadily advancing and expanding, in spite of several limitations and challenges that this field faces. New technologies and cheaper sequencing provide a unique opportunity to enhance and expand primate comparative studies, and we outline possible paths going forward. The potential human-specific insights that can be gained from primate functional genomics research are substantial, and we propose that now is a prime time to expand such endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Housman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., N417, MC6091, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., N417, MC6091, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Cummings Life Science Center, 928 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Flow Augmentation in the Myocardium by Ultrasound Cavitation of Microbubbles: Role of Shear-Mediated Purinergic Signaling. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1023-1031.e2. [PMID: 32532642 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-mediated cavitation of microbubble contrast agents produces high intravascular shear. We hypothesized that microbubble cavitation increases myocardial microvascular perfusion through shear-dependent purinergic pathways downstream from ATP release that is immediate and sustained through cellular ATP channels such as Pannexin-1. METHODS Quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography perfusion imaging and in vivo optical imaging of ATP was performed in wild-type and Pannexin-1-deficient (Panx1-/-) mice before and 5 and 30 minutes after 10 minutes of ultrasound-mediated (1.3 MHz, mechanical index 1.3) myocardial microbubble cavitation. Flow augmentation in a preclinical model closer to humans was evaluated in rhesus macaques undergoing myocardial contrast echocardiography perfusion imaging after high-power cavitation in the apical four-chamber plane for 10 minutes. RESULTS Microbubble cavitation in wild-type mice (n = 7) increased myocardial perfusion by 64% ± 25% at 5 minutes and 95% ± 55% at 30 minutes compared with baseline (P < .05). In Panx1-/- mice (n = 5), perfusion increased by 28% ± 26% at 5 minutes (P = .04) but returned to baseline at 30 minutes. Myocardial ATP signal in wild-type (n = 7) mice undergoing cavitation compared with sham-treated controls (n = 3) was 450-fold higher at 5 minutes and 90-fold higher at 30 minutes after cavitation (P < .001). The ATP signal in Panx1-/- mice (n = 4) was consistently 10-fold lower than that in wild-type mice and was similar to sham controls at 30 minutes. In macaques (n = 8), myocardial perfusion increased twofold in the cavitation-exposed four-chamber plane, similar in degree to that produced by adenosine, but did not increase in the control two-chamber plane. CONCLUSIONS Cavitation of microbubbles in the myocardial microcirculation produces an immediate release of ATP, likely from cell microporation, as well as sustained release, which is channel dependent and responsible for persistent flow augmentation. These findings provide mechanistic insight by which cavitation improves perfusion and reduces infarct size in patients with myocardial infarction.
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40
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Dumonteil E, Herrera C, Tu W, Goff K, Fahlberg M, Haupt E, Kaur A, Marx PA, Ortega-Lopez J, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi in Rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2020; 38:4584-4591. [PMID: 32417142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases in the Americas. Vaccines represent an attractive complementary strategy for the control of T. cruzi infection and pre-clinical studies in mice demonstrated that trypomastigote surface antigen (TSA-1) and the flagellar calcium-binding (Tc24) parasite antigens are promising candidates for vaccine development. We performed here the first evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of two recombinant vaccine antigens (named TSA1-C4 and Tc24-C4) in naïve non-human primates. Three rhesus macaques received 3 doses of each recombinant protein, formulated with E6020 (Eisai Co., Ltd.), a novel Toll-like receptor-4 agonist, in a stable emulsion. All parameters from blood chemistry and blood cell counts were stable over the course of the study and unaffected by the vaccine. A specific IgG response against both antigens was detectable after the first vaccine dose, and increased with the second dose. After three vaccine doses, stimulation of PBMCs with a peptide pool derived from TSA1-C4 resulted in the induction of TSA1-C4-specific TNFα-, IL-2- and IFNγ-producing CD4+ in one or two animals while stimulation with a peptide pool derived from Tc24-C4 only activated IFNγ-producing CD4+T cells in one animal. In two animals there was also activation of TSA1-C4-specific IL2-producing CD8+ T cells. This is the first report of the immunogenicity of T. cruzi-derived recombinant antigens formulated as an emulsion with a TLR4 agonist in a non-human primate model. Our results strongly support the need for further evaluation of the preventive efficacy of this type of vaccine in non-human primates and explore the effect of the vaccine in a therapeutic model of naturally-infected Chagasic non-human primates, which would strengthen the rationale for the clinical development as a human vaccine against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Weihong Tu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kelly Goff
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Erin Haupt
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Preston A Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jaime Ortega-Lopez
- Departmento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Butler AA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Wong S, King S, Bremer AA, Krauss RM, Hamilton J, Havel PJ. Role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 in sugar-induced dyslipidemia in rhesus macaques: suppression by fish oil or RNAi. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:376-386. [PMID: 31919051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipid clearance and is a promising target for managing cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated the effects of a high-sugar (high-fructose) diet on circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations in rhesus macaques. Plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations increased ∼30% to 40% after 1 and 3 months of a high-fructose diet (both P < 0.001 vs. baseline). During fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation, plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations were positively correlated with circulating indices of insulin resistance [assessed with fasting insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], hypertriglyceridemia, adiposity (assessed as leptin), and systemic inflammation [C-reactive peptide (CRP)] and negatively correlated with plasma levels of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adropin. Multiple regression analyses identified a strong association between circulating APOC3 and ANGPTL3 concentrations. Higher baseline plasma levels of both ANGPTL3 and APOC3 were associated with an increased risk for fructose-induced insulin resistance. Fish oil previously shown to prevent insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in this model prevented increases of ANGPTL3 without affecting systemic inflammation (increased plasma CRP and interleukin-6 concentrations). ANGPTL3 RNAi lowered plasma concentrations of ANGPTL3, triglycerides (TGs), VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE. These decreases were consistent with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. In summary, dietary sugar-induced increases of circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations after metabolic dysregulation correlated positively with leptin levels, HOMA-IR, and dyslipidemia. Targeting ANGPTL3 expression with RNAi inhibited dyslipidemia by lowering plasma TGs, VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE levels in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - So Wong
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA .,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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42
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Jana S. Endothelialization of cardiovascular devices. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:53-71. [PMID: 31454565 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular devices are not biocompatible for creating an endothelial layer on them. Numerous research studies have mainly sought to modify these surfaces through physical, chemical and biological means to ease early endothelial cell (EC) adhesion, migration and proliferation, and eventually to build an endothelial layer on the surfaces. The first priority for surface modification is inhibition of protein adsorption that leads to inhibition of platelet adhesion to the device surfaces, which may favor EC adhesion. Surface modification through surface texturing, if applicable, can bring some hopeful outcomes in this regard. Surface modifications through chemical and/or biological means may play a significant role in easy endothelialization of cardiovascular devices and inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cellular engineering of cells relevant to endothelialization can boost the positive outcomes obtained through surface engineering. This review briefly summarizes recent developments and research in early endothelialization of cardiovascular devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Endothelialization of cardiovascular implants, including heart valves, vascular stents and vascular grafts is crucial to solve many problems in our health care system. Numerous research efforts have been made to improve endothelialization on the surfaces of cardiovascular implants, mainly through surface modifications in three ways - physically, chemically and biologically. This review is intended to highlight comprehensive research studies to date on surface modifications aiming for early endothelialization on the blood-contacting surfaces of cardiovascular implants. It also discusses future perspectives to help guide endothelialization strategies and inspire further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Jana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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43
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Chi X, Gao H, Wu G, Qin W, Song P, Wang L, Chen J, Cai Z, Zhang T. Comparison of gut microbiota diversity between wild and captive bharals (Pseudois nayaur). BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:243. [PMID: 31300036 PMCID: PMC6626359 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal microbiota play an important role in animal host immunity, nutrient metabolism, and energy acquisition, and have therefore drawn increasing attentions. This study compared the diversity of the gut microbiota of both wild and captive bharals, which is an ungulate herbivore of caprid from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Results The sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput sequencing technology showed that the dominant bacterial phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroides both in wild and captive bharals. However, their abundance differed significantly between groups. Firmicutes were significantly higher in wild bharals, while Bacteroides were significantly higher in captive bharals. Different diets are likely a key influencing factor in the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in bharals. Conclusions Changes in diets affect the diversity of gut microbiota and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, increasing the risk of diseases outbreak in captive bharals. The results of this study suggest that the structure and function of the gut microbiota should be regulated via dietary intervention, accurate provision of an individualized diet, and optimization of the functional network of gut microbiota and its interaction with the host. This will improve the ex situ protection of wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Chi
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, TN 100049, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, TN 100049, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Wildlife Zoo, No.9 Xingzhi road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, TN 100049, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, TN 100049, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, TN 100049, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China. .,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, No.23 Xinning road, Chengxi district, Xining, TN 810008, Qinghai, China.
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Butler AA, Zhang J, Price CA, Stevens JR, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, King S, Krauss RM, Bremer AA, Havel PJ. Low plasma adropin concentrations increase risks of weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in response to a high-sugar diet in male nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9706-9719. [PMID: 30988006 PMCID: PMC6597842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse studies linking adropin, a peptide hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (ENHO) gene, to biological clocks and to glucose and lipid metabolism suggest a potential therapeutic target for managing diseases of metabolism. However, adropin's roles in human metabolism are unclear. In silico expression profiling in a nonhuman primate diurnal transcriptome atlas (GSE98965) revealed a dynamic and diurnal pattern of ENHO expression. ENHO expression is abundant in brain, including ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei regulating appetite and autonomic function. Lower ENHO expression is present in liver, lung, kidney, ileum, and some endocrine glands. Hepatic ENHO expression associates with genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified 426 genes co-regulated with ENHO in liver, ileum, kidney medulla, and lung. Gene Ontology analysis of this cluster revealed enrichment for epigenetic silencing by histone H3K27 trimethylation and biological processes related to neural function. Dietary intervention experiments with 59 adult male rhesus macaques indicated low plasma adropin concentrations were positively correlated with fasting glucose, plasma leptin, and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) concentrations. During consumption of a high-sugar (fructose) diet, which induced 10% weight gain, animals with low adropin had larger increases of plasma leptin and more severe hyperglycemia. Declining adropin concentrations were correlated with increases of plasma APOC3 and triglycerides. In summary, peripheral ENHO expression associates with pathways related to epigenetic and neural functions, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, suggesting co-regulation in nonhuman primates. Low circulating adropin predicts increased weight gain and metabolic dysregulation during consumption of a high-sugar diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104,
- The Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
- The Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Candice A Price
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - James L Graham
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sarah King
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, and
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, and
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Peter J Havel
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616,
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Menting MD, Mintjens S, van de Beek C, Frick CJ, Ozanne SE, Limpens J, Roseboom TJ, Hooijmans CR, van Deutekom AW, Painter RC. Maternal obesity in pregnancy impacts offspring cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:675-685. [PMID: 30633422 PMCID: PMC6849816 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity before and during pregnancy leads to reduced offspring cardiometabolic health. Here, we systematically reviewed animal experimental evidence of maternal obesity before and during pregnancy and offspring anthropometry and cardiometabolic health. We systematically searched Embase and Medline from inception until January 2018. Eligible publications compared offspring of mothers with obesity to mothers with a normal weight. We performed meta-analyses and subgroup analyses. We also examined methodological quality and publication bias. We screened 2543 publications and included 145 publications (N = 21 048 animals, five species). Essential methodological details were not reported in the majority of studies. We found evidence of publication bias for birth weight. Offspring of mothers with obesity had higher body weight (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.76 [95% CI 0.60;0.93]), fat percentage (0.99 [0.64;1.35]), systolic blood pressure (1.33 [0.75;1.91]), triglycerides (0.64 [0.42;0.86], total cholesterol (0.46 [0.18;0.73]), glucose level (0.43 [0.24;0.63]), and insulin level (0.81 [0.61;1.02]) than offspring of control mothers, but similar birth weight. Sex, age, or species did not influence the effect of maternal obesity on offspring's cardiometabolic health. Obesity before and during pregnancy reduces offspring cardiometabolic health in animals. Future intervention studies should investigate whether reducing obesity prior to conception could prevent these detrimental programming effects and improve cardiometabolic health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Menting
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Mintjens
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C van de Beek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J Frick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Limpens
- Department of Research Support-Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Roseboom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C R Hooijmans
- Department for Health Evidence Unit SYRCLE, Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A W van Deutekom
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Misra BB, Puppala SR, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, VandeBerg JL, Olivier M, Cox LA. Analysis of serum changes in response to a high fat high cholesterol diet challenge reveals metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214487. [PMID: 30951537 PMCID: PMC6450610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by an accumulation of macrophages, lipids, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, and, in advanced stages, necrotic debris within the arterial walls. Dietary habits such as high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) consumption are known risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the key metabolic contributors to diet-induced atherosclerosis are far from established. Herein, we investigate the role of a 2-year HFHC diet challenge in the metabolic changes of development and progression of atherosclerosis. We used a non-human primate (NHP) model (baboons, n = 60) fed a HFHC diet for two years and compared metabolomic profiles in serum from animals on baseline chow with serum collected after the challenge diet using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (2D GC-ToF-MS) for untargeted metabolomic analysis, to quantify metabolites that contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. Further, clinical biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis, lipoprotein measures, fat indices, and arterial plaque formation (lesions) were quantified. Using two chemical derivatization (i.e., silylation) approaches, we quantified 321 metabolites belonging to 66 different metabolic pathways, which revealed significantly different metabolic profiles of HFHC diet and chow diet fed baboon sera. We found heritability of two important metabolites, lactic acid and asparagine, in the context of diet-induced metabolic changes. In addition, abundance of cholesterol, lactic acid, and asparagine were sex-dependent. Finally, 35 metabolites correlated (R2, 0.068-0.271, P < 0.05) with total lesion burden assessed in three arteries (aortic arch, common iliac artery, and descending aorta) which could serve as potential biomarkers pending further validation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting sex-specific and heritable metabolites in NHPs with diet-induced atherosclerosis using untargeted metabolomics allowing understanding of atherosclerotic disease progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sobha R. Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Michael C. Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Butler AA, Price CA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, King S, Hung YH, Sethupathy P, Wong S, Hamilton J, Krauss RM, Bremer AA, Havel PJ. Fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques is attenuated with fish oil or ApoC3 RNA interference. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:805-818. [PMID: 30723097 PMCID: PMC6446715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are significant adverse outcomes of consuming high-sugar diets. Conversely, dietary fish oil (FO) reduces plasma lipids. Diet-induced dyslipidemia in a rhesus model better approximates the pathophysiology of human metabolic syndrome (MetS) than rodent models. Here, we investigated relationships between metabolic parameters and hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques consuming a high-fructose diet (n = 59) and determined the effects of FO supplementation or RNA interference (RNAi) on plasma ApoC3 and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Fructose supplementation increased body weight, fasting insulin, leptin, TGs, and large VLDL particles and reduced adiponectin concentrations (all P < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, increased plasma ApoC3 was the most consistent and significant variable related to diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia. FO supplementation, which attenuated increases of plasma TG and ApoC3 concentrations, reversed fructose-induced shifts of lipoprotein particle size toward IDL and VLDL, a likely mechanism contributing to beneficial metabolic effects, and reduced hepatic expression of genes regulated by the SREBP pathway, particularly acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated ApoC3 inhibition lowered plasma TG concentrations in animals with diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia. In summary, ApoC3 is an important independent correlate of TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations in rhesus macaques consuming a high-fructose diet. ApoC3 is a promising therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with MetS and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - So Wong
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, CA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA.
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Kuo AH, Li C, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Ageing changes in biventricular cardiac function in male and female baboons (Papio spp.). J Physiol 2018; 596:5083-5098. [PMID: 30144074 PMCID: PMC6209749 DOI: 10.1113/jp276338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Life course changes in cardiovascular function in a non-human primate have been comprehensively characterized. Age-related declines in normalized left ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output were found with corresponding decreases in biventricular ejection fractions and filling rates. There were age-related decreases in male and female baboon normalized left ventricular myocardial mass index, which declined at similar rates. Systolic functional declines in right ventricular function were observed with age, similar to the left ventricle. Sex differences were found in the rates and directions of right ventricular volume changes along with decreased end-systolic right ventricular sphericity. The results validate the baboon as an appropriate model for translational studies of cardiovascular functional decline with ageing. ABSTRACT Previous studies reported cardiac function declines with ageing. This study determined changes in biventricular cardiac function in a well-characterized baboon model. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measured key biventricular parameters in 47 baboons (22 female, age 4-23 years). ANCOVA assessed sex and age changes with P < 0.05 deemed significant. Stroke volume, cardiac output and other cardiac functional parameters were normalized to body surface area. There were similar, age-related rates of decrease in male (M) and female (F) normalized left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass index (M: -1.2 g m-2 year-1 , F: -0.9 g m-2 year-1 ). LV ejection fraction declined at -0.96% year-1 (r = -0.43, P = 0.002) and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction decreased at -1.2% year-1 (r = -0.58, P < 0.001). Normalized LV stroke volume fell at -1.1 ml m-2 year-1 (r = -0.47, P = 0.001), normalized LV ejection rate at -3.8 ml s-1 m-2 year-1 (r = -0.43, P < 0.005) and normalized LV filling rate at -4.1 ml s-1 m-2 year-1 (r = -0.44, P < 0.005). Also, RV wall thickening fraction decreased with age (slope = -1% year-1 , P = 0.008). RV ejection rate decreased at -3.6 ml s-1 m-2 year-1 (P = 0.002) and the normalized average RV filling rate dropped at -3.7 ml s-1 m-2 year-1 (P < 0.0001). End-systolic RV sphericity index also dropped with age (r = -0.33, P = 0.02). Many observed changes parallel previously reported data in human and animal studies. These measured biventricular functional declines in hearts with ageing from the closest experimental primate species to man underscore the utility of the baboon model for investigating mechanisms related to heart ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H. Kuo
- Radiology DepartmentUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Cun Li
- University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Southwest Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Southwest Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Radiology DepartmentUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
- Southwest Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
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Misra BB, Bassey E, Bishop AC, Kusel DT, Cox LA, Olivier M. High-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics of non-human primate serum. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1497-1506. [PMID: 29874398 PMCID: PMC6395519 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolomics analyses using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics are heavily impeded by the lack of high-resolution mass spectrometers and limited spectral libraries to complement the excellent chromatography that GC platforms offer, a challenge that is being addressed with the implementation of high-resolution (HR) platforms such as 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS. METHODS We used serum samples from a non-human primate (NHP), a baboon (Papio hamadryas), with suitable quality controls to quantify the chemical space using an advanced HRMS platform for confident metabolite identification and robust quantification to assess the suitability of the platform for routine clinical metabolomics research. In a complementary approach, we also analyzed the same serum samples using two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-GC/TOF-MS) for metabolite identification and quantification following established standard protocols. RESULTS Overall, the 2D-GC/TOF-MS (~5000 peaks per sample) and 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS (~500 peaks per sample) analyses enabled identification and quantification of a total of 555 annotated metabolites from the NHP serum with a spectral similarity score Rsim ≥ 900 and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of >25. A common set of 30 metabolites with HMDB and KEGG IDs was quantified in the serum samples by both platforms where 2D-GC/TOF-MS enabled quantification of a total 384 metabolites (118 HMDB IDs) and 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS analysis quantification of a total 200 metabolites (47 HMDB IDs). Thus, roughly 30-70% of the peaks remain unidentified or un-annotated across both platforms. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the benefits and limitations of the use of a higher mass resolution and mass accuracy instrument for untargeted GC/MS-based metabolomics with multi-dimensional chromatography in future studies addressing clinical conditions or exposome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem 27157, NC USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, TX, USA
| | - Ekong Bassey
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose 95134, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C. Bishop
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, TX, USA
| | - David T. Kusel
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose 95134, CA, USA
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem 27157, NC USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, TX, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, Texas USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem 27157, NC USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, TX, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio 78227, Texas USA
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50
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Li T, Ai Z, Ji W. Primate stem cells: bridge the translation from basic research to clinic application. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:12-21. [PMID: 30099707 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has shown that stem cells are very effective for the treatment of degenerative diseases in rodents but these exciting results have not translated to clinical practice. The difference results from the divergence in genetic, metabolic, and physiological phenotypes between rodents and humans. The high degree of similarity between non-human primates (NHPs) and humans provides the most accurate models for preclinical studies of stem cell therapy. Using a NHP model to understand the following key issues, which cannot be addressed in humans or rodents, will be helpful for extending stem cell applications in the basic science and the clinic. These issues include pluripotency of primate stem cells, the safety and efficiency of stem cell therapy, and transplantation procedures of stem cells suitable for clinical translation. Here we review studies of the above issues in NHPs and current challenges of stem cell applications in both basic science and clinical therapies. We propose that the use of NHP models, in particular combining the serial production and transplantation procedures of stem cells is the most useful for preclinical studies designed to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Zongyong Ai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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