1
|
Elahi SM, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Gilbert R. Protease-deleted adenovirus as an alternative for replication-competent adenovirus vector. Virology 2023; 586:67-75. [PMID: 37487327 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
For cancer therapy and vaccination an amplified expression of the therapeutic gene is desired. Previously, we have developed a single-cycle adenovirus vector (SC-AdV) by deleting the adenovirus protease (PS) gene. In order to keep the E1 region intact within the PS-deleted adenoviruses, we examined the insertion of two transgenes under the control of a constitutive or inducible promoters. These were inserted between E4 and the right inverted terminal repeat in a wide variety of backbones with various combinations of PS, E3 and E4 deletion. Our data showed that PS-deleted adenoviruses, expressed transgenes as strongly as replication-competent AdVs in HEK293A and a variant of HeLa cells. In a head-to-head comparison in four human cell lines, we demonstrated that SC-AdV, was comparable for transgene expression efficacy with its replication-competent counterpart. However, the SC-AdV expresses its transgene 10 to 16,000 times higher than its replication-defective counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Bioengineering McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Broussau S, Lytvyn V, Simoneau M, Guilbault C, Leclerc M, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Coulombe N, Elahi SM, McComb S, Gilbert R. Packaging cells for lentiviral vectors generated using the cumate and coumermycin gene induction systems and nanowell single-cell cloning. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:40-57. [PMID: 36936448 PMCID: PMC10018046 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are important for cell therapy because of their capacity to stably modify the genome after integration. This study describes a novel and relatively simple approach to generate packaging cells and producer clones for self-inactivating (SIN) LVs pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). A novel gene regulation system, based on the combination of the cumate and coumermycin induction systems, was developed to ensure tight control for the expression of cytotoxic packaging elements. To accelerate clone isolation and ensure monoclonality, the packaging genes were transfected simultaneously into human embryonic kidney cells (293SF-3F6) previously engineered with the induction system, and clones were isolated after limiting dilution into nanowell arrays using a robotic cell picking instrument with scanning capability. The method's effectiveness to isolate colonies derived from single cells was demonstrated using mixed populations of cells labeled with two different fluorescent markers. Because the recipient cell line grew in suspension culture, and all the procedures were performed without serum, the resulting clones were readily adaptable to serum-free suspension culture. The best producer clone produced LVs expressing GFP at a titer of 2.3 × 108 transduction units (TU)/mL in the culture medium under batch mode without concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Broussau
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lytvyn
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Simoneau
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Claire Guilbault
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Leclerc
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Coulombe
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Scott McComb
- Department of Immunology, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
- Département de Génie chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Rénald Gilbert, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koyuturk I, Kedia S, Robotham A, Star A, Brochu D, Sauvageau J, Kelly J, Gilbert M, Durocher Y. High-level production of wild-type and oxidation-resistant recombinant alpha-1-antitrypsin in glycoengineered CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2331-2344. [PMID: 35508753 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serine protease inhibitor which blocks the activity of serum proteases including neutrophil elastase to protect the lungs. Its deficiency is known to increase the risk of pulmonary emphysema as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, the only treatment for patients with A1AT deficiency is weekly injection of plasma-purified A1AT. There is still today no commercial source of therapeutic recombinant A1AT, likely due to significant differences in expression host-specific glycosylation profile and/or high costs associated with the huge therapeutic dose needed. Accordingly, we aimed to produce high levels of recombinant wild-type A1AT, as well as a mutated protein (mutein) version for increased oxidation resistance, with N-glycans analogous to human plasma-derived A1AT. To achieve this, we disrupted two endogenous glycosyltransferase genes controlling core α-1,6-fucosylation (Fut8) and α-2,3-sialylation (ST3Gal4) in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by overexpression of human α-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) using a cumate-inducible expression system. Volumetric A1AT productivity obtained from stable CHO pools was 2.5- to 6.5-fold higher with the cumate-inducible CR5 promoter compared to five strong constitutive promoters. Using the CR5 promoter, glycoengineered stable CHO pools were able to produce over 2.1 g/L and 2.8 g/L of wild-type and mutein forms of A1AT, respectively, with N-glycans analogous to the plasma-derived clinical product Prolastin-C. Supplementation of N-acetylmannosamine to the cell culture media during production increased the overall sialylation of A1AT as well as the proportion of bi-antennary and disialylated A2G2S2 N-glycans. These purified recombinant A1AT proteins showed in vitro inhibitory activity equivalent to Prolastin-C and substitution of methionine residues 351 and 358 with valines rendered A1AT significantly more resistant to oxidation. The recombinant A1AT mutein bearing an improved oxidation-resistance described in this study could represent a viable biobetter drug, offering a safe and more stable alternative for augmentation therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izel Koyuturk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Canada, H3C 3J7.,Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Qc, Canada, H4P 2R2
| | - Surbhi Kedia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Qc, Canada, H9X 3V9
| | - Anna Robotham
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - Alexandra Star
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - Denis Brochu
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - John Kelly
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - Michel Gilbert
- Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A OR6
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Qc, Canada, H3C 3J7.,Life Sciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Qc, Canada, H4P 2R2
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mangion M, Robert MA, Slivac I, Gilbert R, Gaillet B. Production and Use of Gesicles for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:278-292. [PMID: 34596870 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) in mammalian cells can induce the formation of VSVG-pseudotyped vesicles (named "gesicles") from membrane budding. Its use as a nucleic acid delivery tool is still poorly documented. Naked-plasmid DNA can be delivered in animal cells with gesicles in presence of hexadimethrine bromide (polybrene). However, little is known about gesicle manufacturing process and conditions to obtain successful nucleic acid delivery. In this study, gesicles production process using polyethylenimine (PEI)-transfected HEK293 cells was developed by defining the VSVG-plasmid concentration, the DNA:PEI mass ratio, and the time of gesicle harvest. Furthermore, parameters described in the literature relevant for nucleic acid delivery such as (i) component concentrations in assembly mixture, (ii) component addition order, (iii) incubation time, and (iv) polybrene concentration were tested by assessing the transfection capacity of the gesicles complexed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-coding plasmid. Interestingly, freezing/thawing cycles and storage at + 4 °C, - 20 °C, and - 80 °C did not reduce gesicles' ability to transfer plasmid DNA. Transfection efficiency of 55% and 22% was obtained for HeLa cells and for hard-to-transfect cells such as human myoblasts, respectively. For the first time, gesicles were used for delivery of a large plasmid (18-kb) with 42% of efficiency and for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene silencing with siRNA (up to 60%). In conclusion, gesicles represent attractive bioreagents with great potential to deliver nucleic acids in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mangion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Robert
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Igor Slivac
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada. .,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Young KG, Haq K, MacLean S, Dudani R, Elahi SM, Gilbert R, Weeratna RD, Krishnan L. Development of a recombinant murine tumour model using hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus nonstructural antigens. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:649-660. [PMID: 29316037 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 2%-3% of the world's population, causing liver disease and cancer with prolonged infection. The narrow host range of the virus, being restricted largely to human hepatocytes, has made the development of relevant models to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines a challenge. We have developed a novel approach to accomplish this by generating a murine hepatoma cell line stably expressing nonstructural HCV antigens which can be used in vitro or in vivo to test HCV vaccine efficacies. These HCV-recombinant hepatoma cells formed large solid-mass tumours when implanted into syngeneic mice, allowing us to test candidate HCV vaccines to demonstrate the development of an HCV-specific immune response that limited tumour growth. Using this model, we tested the therapeutic potential of recombinant anti-HCV-specific vaccines based on two fundamentally different attenuated pathogen vaccine systems-attenuated Salmonella and recombinant adenoviral vector based vaccine. While attenuated Salmonella that secreted HCV antigens limited growth of the HCV-recombinant tumours when used in a therapeutic vaccination trial, replication-competent but noninfectious adenovirus expressing nonstructural HCV antigens showed overall greater survival and reduced weight loss compared to non-replicating nondisseminating adenovirus. Our results demonstrate a model with anti-tumour responses to HCV nonstructural (NS) protein antigens and suggest that recombinant vaccine vectors should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for controlling HCV and HCV-associated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Young
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Haq
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S MacLean
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Dudani
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S M Elahi
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Gilbert
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R D Weeratna
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Krishnan
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romanova N, Noll T. Engineered and Natural Promoters and Chromatin-Modifying Elements for Recombinant Protein Expression in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700232. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Romanova
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
- Bielefeld University; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec); Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robert MA, Lytvyn V, Deforet F, Gilbert R, Gaillet B. Virus-Like Particles Derived from HIV-1 for Delivery of Nuclear Proteins: Improvement of Production and Activity by Protein Engineering. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 59:9-23. [PMID: 27830536 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from retroviruses and lentiviruses can be used to deliver recombinant proteins without the fear of causing insertional mutagenesis to the host cell genome. In this study we evaluate the potential of an inducible lentiviral vector packaging cell line for VLP production. The Gag gene from HIV-1 was fused to a gene encoding a selected protein and it was transfected into the packaging cells. Three proteins served as model: the green fluorescent protein and two transcription factors-the cumate transactivator (cTA) of the inducible CR5 promoter and the human Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). The sizes of the VLPs were 120-150 nm in diameter and they were resistant to freeze/thaw cycles. Protein delivery by the VLPs reached up to 100% efficacy in human cells and was well tolerated. Gag-cTA triggered up to 1100-fold gene activation of the reporter gene in comparison to the negative control. Protein engineering was required to detect Gag-KLF4 activity. Thus, insertion of the VP16 transactivation domain increased the activity of the VLPs by eightfold. An additional 2.4-fold enhancement was obtained by inserting nuclear export signal. In conclusion, our platform produced VLPs capable of efficient protein transfer, and it was shown that protein engineering can be used to improve the activity of the delivered proteins as well as VLP production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Robert
- Département de génie chimique, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.,Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, PROTEO, Québec, QC, Canada.,Réseau de thérapie cellulaire et tissulaire du FRQS, ThéCell, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lytvyn
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Francis Deforet
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.,Réseau de thérapie cellulaire et tissulaire du FRQS, ThéCell, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Département de génie chimique, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, PROTEO, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Réseau de thérapie cellulaire et tissulaire du FRQS, ThéCell, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Delafosse L, Xu P, Durocher Y. Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2016; 227:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Venereo-Sanchez A, Gilbert R, Simoneau M, Caron A, Chahal P, Chen W, Ansorge S, Li X, Henry O, Kamen A. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase containing virus-like particles produced in HEK-293 suspension culture: An effective influenza vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2016; 34:3371-80. [PMID: 27155499 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute a promising alternative as influenza vaccine. They are non-replicative particles that mimic the morphology of native viruses which make them more immunogenic than classical subunit vaccines. In this study, we propose HEK-293 cells in suspension culture in serum-free medium as an efficient platform to produce large quantities of VLPs. For this purpose, a stable cell line expressing the main influenza viral antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) (subtype H1N1) under the regulation of a cumate inducible promoter was developed (293HA-NA cells). The production of VLPs was evaluated by transient transfection of plasmids encoding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag or M1 influenza matrix protein. To facilitate the monitoring of VLPs production, Gag was fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP). The transient transfection of the gag containing plasmid in 293HA-NA cells increased the release of HA and NA seven times more than its counterpart transfected with the M1 encoding plasmid. Consequently, the production of HA-NA containing VLPs using Gag as scaffold was evaluated in a 3-L controlled stirred tank bioreactor. The VLPs secreted in the culture medium were recovered by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose cushion and ultrafiltered by tangential flow filtration. Transmission electron micrographs of final sample revealed the presence of particles with the average typical size (150-200nm) and morphology of HIV-1 immature particles. The concentration of the influenza glycoproteins on the Gag-VLPs was estimated by single radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination assay for HA and by Dot-Blot for HA and NA. More significantly, intranasal immunization of mice with influenza Gag-VLPs induced strong antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody responses and provided full protection against a lethal intranasal challenge with the homologous virus strain. These data suggest that, with further optimization and characterization the process could support mass production of safer and better-controlled VLPs-based influenza vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Venereo-Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Renald Gilbert
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Melanie Simoneau
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Caron
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Parminder Chahal
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sven Ansorge
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Vaccine Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dyson MR. Fundamentals of Expression in Mammalian Cells. Advanced Technologies for Protein Complex Production and Characterization 2016; 896:217-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
11
|
Estes B, Hsu YR, Tam LT, Sheng J, Stevens J, Haldankar R. Uncovering methods for the prevention of protein aggregation and improvement of product quality in a transient expression system. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:258-67. [PMID: 25395220 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian expression systems are used routinely for the production of recombinant proteins as therapeutic molecules as well as research tools. Transient expression has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its rapid timeline and improvements in expression level. While improvements to transient expression systems have focused mainly on the level of protein expression, the aspect of protein quality has received little attention. The removal of undesirable products, such as aggregation, depends primarily on purification, requiring additional cumbersome steps, which can lead to a lower product yield and longer timelines. In this study, we show that reducing the level of transcription by transfecting at a lower gene dose improves the quality of secreted molecules prone to aggregation. For gene dosing to have this effect, it is critical for the carrier DNA to be an empty vector containing the same elements as the gene containing plasmid. This approach can be used in combination with a temperature shift to hypothermic conditions during production to enhance the effect. The observed improvements not only minimized aggregation levels, but also generated products with overall superior quality, including more homogeneous signal peptide cleavage and N-linked glycosylation profiles. These techniques have produced a similar improvement in product quality with a variety of other molecules, suggesting that this may be a general approach to enhance product quality from transient expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Estes
- Amgen, Inc., Biologics, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kanagavelu S, Termini JM, Gupta S, Raffa FN, Fuller KA, Rivas Y, Philip S, Kornbluth RS, Stone GW. HIV-1 adenoviral vector vaccines expressing multi-trimeric BAFF and 4-1BBL enhance T cell mediated anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90100. [PMID: 24587225 PMCID: PMC3938597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectored vaccines have shown considerable promise but could be improved by molecular adjuvants. Ligands in the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) are potential adjuvants for adenoviral vector (Ad5) vaccines based on their central role in adaptive immunity. Many TNFSF ligands require aggregation beyond the trimeric state (multi-trimerization) for optimal biological function. Here we describe Ad5 vaccines for HIV-1 Gag antigen (Ad5-Gag) adjuvanted with the TNFSF ligands 4-1BBL, BAFF, GITRL and CD27L constructed as soluble multi-trimeric proteins via fusion to Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) as a multimerization scaffold. Mice were vaccinated with Ad5-Gag combined with Ad5 expressing one of the SP-D-TNFSF constructs or single-chain IL-12p70 as adjuvant. To evaluate vaccine-induced protection, mice were challenged with vaccinia virus expressing Gag (vaccinia-Gag) which is known to target the female genital tract, a major route of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection. In this system, SP-D-4-1BBL or SP-D-BAFF led to significantly reduced vaccinia-Gag replication when compared to Ad5-Gag alone. In contrast, IL-12p70, SP-D-CD27L and SP-D-GITRL were not protective. Histological examination following vaccinia-Gag challenge showed a dramatic lymphocytic infiltration into the uterus and ovaries of SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF-treated animals. By day 5 post challenge, proinflammatory cytokines in the tissue were reduced, consistent with the enhanced control over viral replication. Splenocytes had no specific immune markers that correlated with protection induced by SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF versus other groups. IL-12p70, despite lack of anti-viral efficacy, increased the total numbers of splenic dextramer positive CD8+ T cells, effector memory T cells, and effector Gag-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that these markers are poor predictors of anti-viral immunity in this model. In conclusion, soluble multi-trimeric 4-1BBL and BAFF adjuvants led to strong protection from vaccinia-Gag challenge, but the protection was independent of standard immune markers. Soluble multi-trimeric SP-D-4-1BBL and SP-D-BAFF provide a novel technology to enhance adenoviral vector vaccines against HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Kanagavelu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - James M. Termini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Francesca N. Raffa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yaelis Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sakhi Philip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Kornbluth
- Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research, and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu L, Jin X, Rainey GJ, Wu H, Gao C. A mammalian expression system for high throughput antibody screening. J Immunol Methods 2013; 395:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Pillay S, Patterson S. Expression of a versatile DC-targeting fusion protein using an Adenovirus expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 84:270-9. [PMID: 22728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of viral and tumour vaccines in eliciting elicit strong CD8+ T-cell responses has been widely acknowledged. Strategies exploring ways to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses have been developed, including targeting of vaccine antigens to dendritic cell (DC) receptors to access to the cross presentation pathway. Many DC endocytic receptors could potentially lead to augmented CD8+ T-cell responses if antigens were targeted directly to them, however only a few receptors have been explored because current targeting reagents are limited in the number of receptors that they are able to target. Consequently, this study describes the production and purification of a streptavidin-fusion protein that provides a versatile and efficient means to target antigen to more than one DC receptor. A model antigen gene, CMV pp65, and a streptavidin core gene, were spliced together using an overlap-extension PCR technique. The resulting fusion gene was cloned into a vector allowing expression in an Adenovirus-based expression system. Expression was verified and optimised before Ni-NTA affinity chromatography purification. Evaluation of pp65-streptavidin immunogenicity revealed that it elicits similar levels of CD8+ T-cell proliferative responses as pp65 and is able to effectively target specific DC receptors when used in addition to biotinylated receptor-specific antibodies. Additionally, enhancement of CD8+ T-cell responses was shown after directing pp65-strep to selected DC receptors in preliminary in vitro experiments. Collectively, this highlights the ease of production of a streptavidin-fusion protein, and demonstrates its use as a promising strategy to evaluate numerous DC receptors as potential targets in vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirika Pillay
- Imperial College London, Immunology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Low yield from transient gene expression in mammalian cells limits its application to areas where large amount of proteins are needed. One effective approach to enhance transient gene expression levels is to use post-transcriptional regulatory elements (PTREs). We have evaluated the effect of five PTREs on the transient gene expression of three proteins in two cell lines. Most of the elements increased expression but exhibited cell-specific and gene-specific effects. The tripartite leader sequence of human adenovirus mRNA linked with a major late promoter enhancer gave the most universal and highest enhancement of gene expression levels. It increased the expression of all three proteins in HEK293 cells and two proteins in CHO K1 cells by 3.6- to 7.6-fold. Combinations of multiple PTREs increased protein expression as much as 10.5-fold.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mariati, Ho SC, Yap MG, Yang Y. Evaluating post-transcriptional regulatory elements for enhancing transient gene expression levels in CHO K1 and HEK293 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
17
|
Klein AF, Ebihara M, Alexander C, Dicaire MJ, Sasseville AMJ, Langelier Y, Rouleau GA, Brais B. PABPN1 polyalanine tract deletion and long expansions modify its aggregation pattern and expression. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1652-66. [PMID: 18367172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Expansions of a (GCN)10/polyalanine tract in the Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1) cause autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). In OPMD muscles, as in models, PABPN1 accumulates in intranuclear inclusions (INIs) whereas in other diseases caused by similar polyalanine expansions, the mutated proteins have been shown to abnormally accumulate in the cytoplasm. This study presents the impact on the subcellular localization of PABPN1 produced by large expansions or deletion of its polyalanine tract. Large tracts of more than 24 alanines result in the nuclear accumulation of PABPN1 in SFRS2-positive functional speckles and a significant decline in cell survival. These large expansions do not cause INIs formation nor do they lead to cytoplasmic accumulation. Deletion of the polyalanine tract induces the formation of aggregates that are located on either side and cross the nuclear membrane, highlighting the possible role of the N-terminal polyalanine tract in PABPN1 nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. We also show that even though five other proteins with polyalanine tracts tend to aggregate when over-expressed they do not co-aggregate with PABPN1 INIs. This study presents the first experimental evidence that there may be a relative loss of function in OPMD by decreasing the availability of PABPN1 through an INI-independent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud F Klein
- Laboratory of neurogenetics of motion, Centre d'excellence en neuromique de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Papagatsias T, Rozis G, Athanasopoulos T, Gotch F, Dickson G, Patterson S. Activity of different vaccine-associated promoter elements in human dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2008; 115:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Zeng Y, Pinard M, Jaime J, Bourget L, Uyen Le P, O'Connor-McCourt MD, Gilbert R, Massie B. A ligand-pseudoreceptor system based onde novo designed peptides for the generation of adenoviral vectors with altered tropism. J Gene Med 2008; 10:355-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
20
|
Abstract
The diffusion of viruses toward cells is a limiting step of the infection process. To be modeled correctly, this step must be evaluated in combination with the adsorption of the virus to the cell surface, which is a rapid but reversible step. In this paper, the recombinant adenovirus (rAd) diffusion and its adsorption to 293S cells in suspension were both measured and modeled. First, equilibrium experiments permitted to determine the number of receptors on the surface of 293S (R(T) = 3,500 cell(-1)) and the association constant (K(A) = 1.9 x 10(11) M(-1)) for rAd on these cells based on a simple monovalent adsorption model. Non-specific binding of the virus to the cell surface was not found to be significant. Second, total virus particle degradation rates between 5.2 x 10(-3) and 4.0 x 10(-2) min(-1) were measured at 37 degrees C in culture medium, but no significant virus degradation was observed at 4 degrees C. Third, free viral particle disappearance rates from a mixed suspension of virus and cells were measured at different virus concentrations. Experimental data were compared to a phenomenological dynamic model comprising both the diffusion and the adsorption steps. The diffusion to adsorption ratio, a fitted parameter, confirmed that the contact process of a virus with a cell is indeed diffusion controlled. However, the characteristic diffusion time constants obtained, based on a reversible adsorption model, were eightfolds smaller than those reported in the literature, based on diffusion models that assume irreversible adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Alexandre Gilbert
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
St-Louis MC, Archambault D. The equine arteritis virus induces apoptosis via caspase-8 and mitochondria-dependent caspase-9 activation. Virology 2007; 367:147-55. [PMID: 17583760 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously showed that equine arteritis virus (EAV), an arterivirus, induces apoptosis in vitro. To determine the caspase activation pathways involved in EAV-induced apoptosis, target cells were treated with peptide inhibitors of apoptosis Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor), Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8-specific inhibitor) or Z-LEHD-FMK (caspase-9-specific inhibitor) 4 h prior to infection with the EAV T1329 Canadian isolate. Significant inhibition of apoptosis was obtained with all peptide inhibitors used. Furthermore, apoptosis was inhibited in cells expressing the R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (HSV2-R1) or hsp70, two proteins which are known to inhibit apoptosis associated with caspase-8 activation and cytochrome c release-dependent caspase-9 activation, respectively. Given the activation of Bid and the translocation of cytochrome c within the cytoplasm, the overall results indicate that EAV induces apoptosis initiated by caspase-8 activation and subsequent mitochondria-dependent caspase-9 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude St-Louis
- University of Québec at Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, PO Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mullick A, Xu Y, Warren R, Koutroumanis M, Guilbault C, Broussau S, Malenfant F, Bourget L, Lamoureux L, Lo R, Caron AW, Pilotte A, Massie B. The cumate gene-switch: a system for regulated expression in mammalian cells. BMC Biotechnol 2006; 6:43. [PMID: 17083727 PMCID: PMC1654148 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of expression systems have been developed where transgene expression can be regulated. They all have specific characteristics making them more suitable for certain applications than for others. Since some applications require the regulation of several genes, there is a need for a variety of independent yet compatible systems. Results We have used the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial operons (cmt and cym) to regulate gene expression in mammalian cells using three different strategies. In the repressor configuration, regulation is mediated by the binding of the repressor (CymR) to the operator site (CuO), placed downstream of a strong constitutive promoter. Addition of cumate, a small molecule, relieves the repression. In the transactivator configuration, a chimaeric transactivator (cTA) protein, formed by the fusion of CymR with the activation domain of VP16, is able to activate transcription when bound to multiple copies of CuO, placed upstream of the CMV minimal promoter. Cumate addition abrogates DNA binding and therefore transactivation by cTA. Finally, an adenoviral library of cTA mutants was screened to identify a reverse cumate activator (rcTA), which activates transcription in the presence rather than the absence of cumate. Conclusion We report the generation of a new versatile inducible expression system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Mullick
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yan Xu
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - René Warren
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Maria Koutroumanis
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Invitrogen, 688 East Main Street, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Claire Guilbault
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sophie Broussau
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Félix Malenfant
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Lucie Bourget
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Linda Lamoureux
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- AstraZeneca, 7171, Frédérick-Banting, Ville St.-Laurent, Montréal, Québec, H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Rita Lo
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Antoine W Caron
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Amelie Pilotte
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Bernard Massie
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
- INRS-IAF, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7N 4Z3, Canada
- Départment de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marie-Josée Sasseville A, Caron AW, Bourget L, Klein AF, Dicaire MJ, Rouleau GA, Massie B, Langelier Y, Brais B. The dynamism of PABPN1 nuclear inclusions during the cell cycle. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:621-9. [PMID: 16860991 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by expansion of a (GCN)10 to a (GCN)11-17 repeat coding for a polyalanine domain at the N-terminal part of poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). OPMD is characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in skeletal muscle fibers of patients. The formation of GFP-b13AlaPABPN1 INIs and their fate through the cell cycle were followed by time-lapse imaging. Our observations demonstrated that the GFP-b13AlaPABPN1 INIs are dynamic structures that can disassemble during mitosis. However, their presence in cells occasionally led to apoptosis. The length of the polyalanine tail or the overexpression of PABPN1 did not significantly affect the percentage of soluble PABPN1 in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of either the wild type (wt) or mutant (mut) forms of PABPN1 slowed down the cell proliferation. The slowing down of proliferation together with the occasional occurrence of apoptosis could contribute in vivo to the late onset of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marie-Josée Sasseville
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ogorelkova M, Zwaagstra J, Elahi SM, Dias C, Guilbaut C, Lo R, Collins C, Jaramillo M, Mullick A, O'Connor-McCourt M, Massie B. Adenovirus-Delivered Antisense RNA and shRNA Exhibit Different Silencing Efficiencies for the Endogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β(TGF-β) Type II Receptor. Oligonucleotides 2006; 16:2-14. [PMID: 16584291 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2006.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing is an essential tool in gene discovery and gene therapy. Traditionally, viral delivery of antisense RNA and, more recently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in the form of small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) has been used as a strategy to achieve gene silencing. Nevertheless, the enduring challenge is to identify molecules that specifically and optimally silence a given target gene. In this study, we tested a set of adenovirus-delivered antisense RNA fragments and adenovirus-delivered shRNA molecules for their ability to target human transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGFbetaRII). We used a dicistronic reporter, consisting of the coding sequences for TGFbetaRII and green fluorescent protein (GFP) to screen for optimal silencing agents targeting TGFbetaRII. Our results show, for both antisense RNA and shRNA molecules, that their effectiveness in the GFP screen correlated directly with their ability to reduce exogenously expressed TGFbetaRII. Unexpectedly, the antisense RNAs were unable to silence endogenous TGFbetaRII. In contrast, the shRNAs were able to silence endogenous TGFbetaRII. The shRNA that demonstrated the most pronounced effect on the dicistronic TGFbetaRII/GFP reporter reduced endogenous TGFbetaRII protein expression by 70% in A549 cells and reduced TGFbeta signaling by >80% in HeLa cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Altaras NE, Aunins JG, Evans RK, Kamen A, Konz JO, Wolf JJ. Production and formulation of adenovirus vectors. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2005; 99:193-260. [PMID: 16568893 DOI: 10.1007/10_008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors have attracted considerable interest over the past decade, with ongoing clinical development programs for applications ranging from replacement therapy for protein deficiencies to cancer therapeutics to prophylactic vaccines. Consequently, considerable product, process, analytical, and formulation development has been undertaken to support these programs. For example, "gutless" vectors have been developed in order to improve gene transfer capacity and durability of expression; new cell lines have been developed to minimize recombination events; production conditions have been optimized to improve volumetric productivities; analytical techniques and scaleable purification processes have advanced towards the goal of purified adenovirus becoming a "well-characterized biological"; and liquid formulations have been developed which maintain virus infectivity at 2-8 degrees C for over 18 months. These and other advances in the production of adenovirus vectors are discussed in detail in this review. In addition, the needs for the next decade are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim E Altaras
- Fermentation and Cell Culture, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvannia 19486-0004, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kheyar A, Jabrane A, Zhu C, Cléroux P, Massie B, Dea S, Gagnon CA. Alternative codon usage of PRRS virus ORF5 gene increases eucaryotic expression of GP5 glycoprotein and improves immune response in challenged pigs. Vaccine 2005; 23:4016-22. [PMID: 15893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pigs exposed to GP(5) protein of PRRSV by means of DNA immunization develop specific neutralizing and protecting antibodies. Herein, we report on the consequences of codon bias, and on the favorable outcome of the systematic replacement of native codons of PRRSV ORF5 gene with codons chosen to reflect more closely the codon preference of highly expressed mammalian genes. Therefore, a synthetic PRRSV ORF5 gene (synORF5) was constructed in which 134 nucleotide substitutions were made in comparison to wild-type gene (wtORF5), such that 59% (119) of wild-type codons were replaced with known preferable codons in mammalian cells. In vitro expression in mammalian cells of synORF5 was considerably increased comparatively to wtORF5, following infection with tetracycline inducible replication-defective human adenoviral vectors (hAdVs). After challenge inoculation, SPF pigs vaccinated twice with recombinant hAdV/synORF5 developed earlier and higher antibody titers, including virus neutralizing antibodies to GP(5) than pigs vaccinated with hAdV/wtORF5. Data obtained from animal inoculation studies suggest direct correlation between expression levels of immunogenic structural viral proteins and immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kheyar
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, P.Q., Canada H7V 1B7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Corbeil-Girard LP, Klein AF, Sasseville AMJ, Lavoie H, Dicaire MJ, Saint-Denis A, Pagé M, Duranceau A, Codère F, Bouchard JP, Karpati G, Rouleau GA, Massie B, Langelier Y, Brais B. PABPN1 overexpression leads to upregulation of genes encoding nuclear proteins that are sequestered in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy nuclear inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 18:551-67. [PMID: 15755682 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disease caused by expanded (GCN)12-17 stretches encoding the N-terminal polyalanine domain of the poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). OPMD is characterized by intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in skeletal muscle fibers, which contain PABPN1, molecular chaperones, ubiquitin, proteasome subunits, and poly(A)-mRNA. We describe an adenoviral model of PABPN1 expression that produces INIs in most cells. Microarray analysis revealed that PABPN1 overexpression reproducibly changed the expression of 202 genes. Sixty percent of upregulated genes encode nuclear proteins, including many RNA and DNA binding proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that all tested nuclear proteins encoded by eight upregulated genes colocalize with PABPN1 within the INIs: CUGBP1, SFRS3, FKBP1A, HMG2, HNRPA1, PRC1, S100P, and HSP70. In addition, CUGBP1, SFRS3, and FKBP1A were also found in OPMD muscle INIs. This study demonstrates that a large number of nuclear proteins are sequestered in OPMD INIs, which may compromise cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Corbeil-Girard
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bourbeau D, Lavoie G, Nalbantoglu J, Massie B. Suicide gene therapy with an adenovirus expressing the fusion gene CD::UPRT in human glioblastomas: different sensitivities correlate with p53 status. J Gene Med 2005; 6:1320-32. [PMID: 15515126 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several gene therapy strategies have been designed for cancer treatment. Intra-tumoral injection of adenoviruses expressing pro-drug-converting enzymes is one such strategy. Although the efficacy of these therapies was tested in animal models, little work has been devoted to the determination of critical variables for success. In this work, we aimed at better understanding variables that affect the cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CD::UPRT)-based strategy in two human glioblastomas. METHODS We have constructed two adenoviruses expressing either CD or the fusion protein CD::UPRT. We have tested their anti-tumor activity in combination with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251, which are p53-wt and p53-deficient, respectively. Anti-tumor activity has also been investigated in spheroid structures. RESULTS The superiority of CD::UPRT over CD was confirmed in both glioblastoma cells. We found that the pro-drug concentration required for anti-tumor activity was 9-fold higher in U251 than in U87, while multiplicity of infection (MOI) as low as 6 was sufficient to achieve 50% killing. Bystander activity was observed with as few as 2 and 6% transduced cells for U87 and U251, respectively. Differences in sensitivity between U87 and U251 were not due to differences in transduction, transgene expression, or intercellular transport, but were related to 5-FU sensitivity and p53 status. Also, it is noteworthy that, in contrast to U87, U251 spheroids barely responded to the treatment, whereas their monolayer counterparts were very sensitive. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that p53 status is important for CD::UPRT/5-FC treatment. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the three-dimensional spheroid model is a more stringent in vitro model for suicide gene therapy evaluation than are monolayer cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bourbeau
- Groupe de Vecteurs de Génomique et Thérapie Génique, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, Montréal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Turenne-Tessier M, Jolicoeur P, Middeldorp JM, Ooka T. Expression and analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus BARF1-encoded protein from a tetracycline-regulatable adenovirus system. Virus Res 2004; 109:9-18. [PMID: 15826908 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2004] [Revised: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with human cancers of lymphocytic or epithelial origin. Potential functions of the BARF1 early gene in EBV oncogenesis emerged from our observations showing expression of BARF1-encoded protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies, and induction of either malignant transformation (in rodent fibroblast and human B cell lines) or immortalization (in monkey primary epithelial cells) following BARF1 transfection. We previously reported expression of the BARF1 product as a cytoplasm/membrane-associated protein from 293-tTA cells infected with a BARF1-recombinant adenovirus. Since constitutive expression of BARF1 from this heterologous system became inefficient, we developed a tetracycline-regulatable recombinant vector expressing BARF1 and green fluorescent protein from a dicistronic message. As here reported, stable and efficient expression of BARF1 from this vector in either permissive or non-permissive cell lines, allowed the first sequencing identification and further molecular characterization of BARF1-encoded protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Turenne-Tessier
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, UMR 5537 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, rue G. Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sall A, Caserta S, Jolicoeur P, Franqueville L, de Turenne-Tessier M, Ooka T. Mitogenic activity of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BARF1 protein. Oncogene 2004; 23:4938-44. [PMID: 15064715 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that BARF1 gene has either an immortalizing effect, when expressed in primary primate epithelial cells, or a malignant transforming activity, when expressed in established and nontumoral rodent fibroblast or human B-cell lines. As predicted from sequence analysis, we found that BARF1 coded protein can be secreted from different cell lines, among them BARF1-transfected Balb/c3T3 rodent fibroblasts. Thus, as an initial step to clarify BARF1 oncogenic functions, we investigated whether the secreted form of BARF1 protein can activate the cell cycle as a growth factor. Since efficient BARF1 expression could be obtained from 293-tTA cells infected with a tetracycline-regulatable recombinant adenovirus, secreted BARF1 product could be purified from the culture medium of such cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromotography and sucrose gradient sedimentation. We describe in this paper that addition of a purified product of secreted BARF1 protein to serum-free culture medium of Balb/c3T3 rodent fibroblasts, human Louckes B-cell line and primary monkey kidney epithelial cells resulted in a cell cycle activation that was inhibited by affinity-purified anti-BARF1 antibody. Our demonstration of a specific stimulation of cell cycle in vitro by BARF1 secreted product suggests that this EBV-encoded BARF1 protein could act as a growth factor in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhousseynou Sall
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, UMR5537, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine R.T.H. Laennec, Université Lyon-1, 69372 Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fortin M, Lépine M, Pagé M, Osteen K, Massie B, Hugo P, Steff AM. An improved mouse model for endometriosis allows noninvasive assessment of lesion implantation and development. Fertil Steril 2003; 80 Suppl 2:832-8. [PMID: 14505761 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether fragments of human endometrium transduced with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA and transplanted into nude mice can be noninvasively visualized. DESIGN A murine experimental model for human endometriosis. SETTING A biotechnology company. ANIMAL(S) Ovariectomized nude mice. INTERVENTION(S) Whole fragments of human endometrium were transduced in vitro by adenoviral infection with the GFP cDNA before transplantation into nude mice. Animals were noninvasively and repeatedly imaged before lesion collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fluorescence of GFP-expressing human endometrial fragments was evaluated before transplantation into animals. Development of endometriotic lesions was monitored through direct visualization of fluorescent tissue in the living animal or through conventional dissection. RESULT(S) GFP gene transfer into whole endometrial fragments can be performed, and a high proportion of cells express the reporter gene. Fluorescent endometrial fragments implant in nude mice and form endometriotic-like lesions, which can be directly visualized through the skin of living mice using a simple imaging device. CONCLUSION(S) This improved mouse model allows noninvasive and dynamic studies of lesion implantation and development to be conducted. In addition to helping better understand the pathophysiology of the disease, this model represents a valuable preclinical tool for testing the efficacy of new drugs targeting endometriosis, which should ultimately accelerate their development phase.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chabaud S, Lambert H, Sasseville AMJ, Lavoie H, Guilbault C, Massie B, Landry J, Langelier Y. The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase has chaperone-like activity similar to Hsp27. FEBS Lett 2003; 545:213-8. [PMID: 12804778 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HSV-2 R1, the R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase, protects cells against apoptosis. Here, we report the presence in HSV-2 R1 of a stretch exhibiting similarity to the alpha-crystallin domain of the small heat shock proteins, a domain known to be important for oligomerization and cytoprotective activities of these proteins. Also, the HSV-2 R1 protein, which forms multimeric structures in the absence of nucleotide, displayed chaperone ability as good as Hsp27 in a thermal denaturation assay using citrate synthase. In contrast, mammalian R1, which does not contain an alpha-crystallin domain, has neither chaperone nor anti-apoptotic activity. Thus, we propose that the chaperone activity of HSV-2 R1 could play an important role in viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2L 4M1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bourbeau D, Zeng Y, Massie B. Virus-based vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells: Adenovirus. Gene Transfer and Expression in Mammalian Cells. Elsevier; 2003. pp. 109-24. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(03)38007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
34
|
Larocque D, Pilotte J, Chen T, Cloutier F, Massie B, Pedraza L, Couture R, Lasko P, Almazan G, Richard S. Nuclear retention of MBP mRNAs in the quaking viable mice. Neuron 2002; 36:815-29. [PMID: 12467586 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quaking viable (qk(v)) mice fail to properly compact myelin in their central nervous systems. Although the defect in the qk(v) mice involves a mutation affecting the expression of the alternatively spliced qk gene products, their roles in myelination are unknown. We show that the QKI RNA binding proteins regulate the nuclear export of MBP mRNAs. Disruption of the QKI nucleocytoplasmic equilibrium in oligodendrocytes results in nuclear and perikaryal retention of the MBP mRNAs and lack of export to cytoplasmic processes, as it occurs in qk(v) mice. MBP mRNA export defect leads to a reduction in the MBP levels and their improper cellular targeting to the periphery. Our findings suggest that QKI participates in myelination by regulating the mRNA export of key protein components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Larocque
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Langelier Y, Bergeron S, Chabaud S, Lippens J, Guilbault C, Sasseville AMJ, Denis S, Mosser DD, Massie B. The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase protects cells against apoptosis at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2779-2789. [PMID: 12388814 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-11-2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase, which in addition to its C-terminal reductase domain possesses a unique N-terminal domain of about 400 amino acids, is thought to have an additional, as yet unknown, function. Here, we report that the full-length HSV-2 R1 has an anti-apoptotic function able to protect cells against death triggered by expression of R1(Delta2-357), an HSV-2 R1 subunit with its first 357 amino acids deleted. We further substantiate the R1 anti-apoptotic activity by showing that its accumulation at low level could completely block apoptosis induced by TNF-receptor family triggering. Activation of caspase-8 induced either by TNF or by Fas ligand expression was prevented by the R1 protein. As HSV R1 did not inhibit cell death mediated by several agents acting via the mitochondrial pathway (Bax overexpression, etoposide, staurosporine and menadione), it is proposed that it functions to interrupt specifically death receptor-mediated signalling at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation. The N-terminal domain on its own did not exhibit anti-apoptotic activity, suggesting that both domains of R1 or part(s) of them are necessary for this new function. Evidence for the importance of HSV R1 in protecting HSV-infected cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis was obtained with the HSV-1 R1 deletion mutants ICP6Delta and hrR3. These results show that, in addition to its ribonucleotide reductase function, which is essential for virus reactivation, HSV R1 could contribute to virus propagation by preventing apoptosis induced by the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Langelier
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada2
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Stéphane Bergeron
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Julie Lippens
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Claire Guilbault
- Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, 6100 ave Royalmount, Montréal, CanadaH4P 2R23
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - A Marie-Josée Sasseville
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Stéphan Denis
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH2L 4M11
| | - Dick D Mosser
- Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, 6100 ave Royalmount, Montréal, CanadaH4P 2R23
| | - Bernard Massie
- INRS-IAF Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, CanadaH7N 4Z34
- Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, 6100 ave Royalmount, Montréal, CanadaH4P 2R23
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada2
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Elahi SM, Oualikene W, Naghdi L, O'Connor-McCourt M, Massie B. Adenovirus-based libraries: efficient generation of recombinant adenoviruses by positive selection with the adenovirus protease. Gene Ther 2002; 9:1238-46. [PMID: 12215891 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2001] [Accepted: 04/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ad) deleted in the protease (PS) gene are capable of only one round of replication in non-complementing cells. This feature was exploited to develop a positive selection method for constructing adenoviral recombinants using ectopic expression of the PS gene in the E1 region. Very low levels of PS were sufficient to ensure the rescue of a PS-deleted Ad genome (Ad(Delta)PS), thereby eliminating deleterious effects PS over-expression might exert on cell or virus growth. In addition to the standard co-transfection method, an alternative protocol was developed in which the Ad5-(Delta)PS viral DNA was delivered by infection before subsequent transfection of 293 cells with the transfer vector. Under optimal conditions, at least one recombinant Ad per 10(3) cells was generated with 100% of the plaques being recombinant. Since the infection/transfection protocol is readily scalable, this represents the first method that allows for the easy construction of adenovirus vector (AdV) libraries with high diversities. This approach addresses in a novel way the bottleneck encountered when converting plasmid libraries, constructed in E. coli using a variety of well-established strategies, into corresponding AdV libraries. It maintains high diversity while generating recombinant viruses with 100% efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Elahi
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherche du Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Durocher Y, Perret S, Kamen A. High-level and high-throughput recombinant protein production by transient transfection of suspension-growing human 293-EBNA1 cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:E9. [PMID: 11788735 PMCID: PMC99848 DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.2.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 812] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A scalable transfection procedure using polyethylenimine (PEI) is described for the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line grown in suspension. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were used as reporter genes to monitor transfection efficiency and productivity. Up to 75% of GFP-positive cells were obtained using linear or branched 25 kDa PEI. The 293 cell line and two genetic variants, either expressing the SV40 large T-antigen (293T) or the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 protein (293E), were tested for protein expression. The highest expression level was obtained with 293E cells using the EBV oriP-containing plasmid pCEP4. We designed the pTT vector, an oriP-based vector having an improved cytomegalovirus expression cassette. Using this vector, 10- and 3-fold increases in SEAP expression was obtained in 293E cells compared with pcDNA3.1 and pCEP4 vectors, respectively. The presence of serum had a positive effect on gene transfer and expression. Transfection of suspension-growing cells was more efficient with linear PEI and was not affected by the presence of medium conditioned for 24 h. Using the pTT vector, >20 mg/l of purified His-tagged SEAP was recovered from a 3.5 l bioreactor. Intracellular proteins were also produced at levels as high as 50 mg/l, representing up to 20% of total cell proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Durocher
- Animal Cell Technology and Downstream Processing Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou ST, Cowan E, Walker T, Ohan N, Dove M, Rasqinha I, MacManus JP. The transcription factor E2F1 promotes dopamine-evoked neuronal apoptosis by a mechanism independent of transcriptional activation. J Neurochem 2001; 78:287-97. [PMID: 11461964 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor plays an important role in promoting neuronal apoptosis; however, it is not clear how E2F1 does this. Here we show that E2F1 is involved in dopamine (DA)-evoked apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). E2F1 -/- CGNs and CGNs expressing an antisense E2F1 cDNA were significantly protected from DA-toxicity relative to controls. The neuronal protection was accompanied by significantly reduced caspase 3 activity. E2F1-mediated neuronal apoptosis did not require activation of gene transcription because: (1) ectopic expression of E2F1 or its mutants lacking the transactivation domain induced neuronal apoptosis, whereas an E2F1 mutant lacking the DNA-binding domain did not; (2) under all of these conditions, known E2F1 target genes including cyclin A, cdc2 and p19(ARF) were not induced; and (3) DA-evoked neuronal apoptosis was associated with up-regulated E2F1, but not transcription of its target genes. Finally, E2F1-mediated neuronal apoptosis was associated with reduced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity. Taken together, these data suggest that E2F1 promotes DA-evoked caspase 3-dependent neuronal apoptosis by a mechanism independent of gene transactivation, and this may possibly occur through inhibition of anti-apoptotic genes including NF-kappaB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Hou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The quaking viable mice have myelination defects and develop a characteristic tremor 10 d after birth. The quaking gene encodes at least five alternatively spliced QUAKING (QKI) isoforms that differ in their C-terminal 8--30-amino-acid sequence. The reason for the existence of the different QKI isoforms and their function are unknown. Here we show that only one QKI isoform, QKI-7, can induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and primary rat oligodendrocytes. Heterodimerization of the QKI isoforms results in the nuclear translocation of QKI-7 and the suppression of apoptosis. The unique C-terminal 14 amino acids of QKI-7 confers the ability to induce apoptosis to heterologous proteins such as the green fluorescent protein and a QKI-related protein, Caenorhabditis elegans GLD-1. Thus, the unique C-terminal sequences of QKI-7 may function as a life-or-death 'sensor' that monitors the balance between the alternatively spliced QKI isoforms. Moreover, our findings suggest that nuclear translocation is a novel mechanism of inactivating apoptotic inducers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pilotte
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ribault S, Neuville P, Méchine-Neuville A, Augé F, Parlakian A, Gabbiani G, Paulin D, Calenda V. Chimeric smooth muscle-specific enhancer/promoters: valuable tools for adenovirus-mediated cardiovascular gene therapy. Circ Res 2001; 88:468-75. [PMID: 11249869 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.88.5.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer with adenoviral vectors is an attractive approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis and restenosis. However, because expression of a therapeutic gene in nontarget tissues may have deleterious effects, artery-specific expression is desirable. Although expression vectors containing transcriptional regulatory elements of genes expressed solely in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have proved efficient to restrict expression of the transgene, their use in the clinical setting can be limited by their reduced strength. In the present study, we show that low levels of transgene expression are obtained with the smooth muscle (SM)-specific SM22alpha promoter compared with the viral cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter. We have generated chimeric transcriptional cassettes containing either a SM (SM-myosin heavy chain) or a skeletal muscle (creatine kinase) enhancer combined with the SM22alpha promoter. With both constructs we observed significantly stronger expression that remains SM-specific. In vivo, reporter gene expression was restricted to arterial SMCs with no detectable signal at remote sites. Moreover, when interferon-gamma expression was driven by one of these two chimeras, SMC growth was inhibited as efficiently as with the CMV promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that neointima formation in the rat carotid balloon injury model was reduced to the same extent by adenoviral gene transfer of interferon-gamma driven either by the SM-myosin heavy chain enhancer/SM22alpha promoter or the CMV promoter. These results indicate that such vectors can be useful for the treatment of hyperproliferative vascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ribault
- Cardiovascular Gene Therapy Laboratory, Transgène S.A., Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gabai VL, Meriin AB, Yaglom JA, Wei JY, Mosser DD, Sherman MY. Suppression of stress kinase JNK is involved in HSP72-mediated protection of myogenic cells from transient energy deprivation. HSP72 alleviates the stewss-induced inhibition of JNK dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:38088-94. [PMID: 10978340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006632200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since protection of cells from stress-induced apoptosis by the heat shock protein Hsp72 involves suppression of stress kinase JNK, we suggested that Hsp72-mediated JNK inhibition might also be critical for myocardial protection from ischemia/reperfusion. Transient energy deprivation of H9c2 myogenic cells, used as an in vitro model of myocardial ischemia, led to cell death that had morphological features of apoptosis and necrosis and was independent of caspases. Surprisingly, this unusual type of cell death was regulated by JNK and ERK kinases. In fact, specific inhibition of JNK increased cell survival; specific inhibition of ERKs enhanced deleterious consequences of energy deprivation, whereas inhibition of p38 kinase had no effect. Hsp72 suppressed activation of JNK and did not increase ERK activity, suggesting that inhibition of JNK is the important component of Hsp72-mediated protection. Upon transient energy deprivation, activation of JNK proceeds via two distinct pathways, stimulation of JNK phosphorylation by a protein kinase SEK1 and inhibition of JNK dephosphorylation. Remarkably, in cells exposed to transient energy deprivation, Hsp72 enhanced the rate of JNK dephosphorylation but did not affect SEK1 activity. Therefore, it appears that Hsp72 specifically down-regulates JNK by accelerating its dephosphorylation, which reduces the susceptibility of cardiac cells to simulated ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L Gabai
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mosser DD, Caron AW, Bourget L, Meriin AB, Sherman MY, Morimoto RI, Massie B. The chaperone function of hsp70 is required for protection against stress-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:7146-59. [PMID: 10982831 PMCID: PMC86268 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.19.7146-7159.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress can trigger a process of self-destruction known as apoptosis. Cells can also respond to stress by adaptive changes that increase their ability to tolerate normally lethal conditions. Expression of the major heat-inducible protein hsp70 protects cells from heat-induced apoptosis. hsp70 has been reported to act in some situations upstream or downstream of caspase activation, and its protective effects have been said to be either dependent on or independent of its ability to inhibit JNK activation. Purified hsp70 has been shown to block procaspase processing in vitro but is unable to inhibit the activity of active caspase 3. Since some aspects of hsp70 function can occur in the absence of its chaperone activity, we examined whether hsp70 lacking its ATPase domain or the C-terminal EEVD sequence that is essential for peptide binding was required for the prevention of apoptosis. We generated stable cell lines with tetracycline-regulated expression of hsp70, hsc70, and chaperone-defective hsp70 mutants lacking the ATPase domain or the C-terminal EEVD sequence or containing AAAA in place of EEVD. Overexpression of hsp70 or hsc70 protected cells from heat shock-induced cell death by preventing the processing of procaspases 9 and 3. This required the chaperone function of hsp70 since hsp70 mutant proteins did not prevent procaspase processing or provide protection from apoptosis. JNK activation was inhibited by both hsp70 and hsc70 and by each of the hsp70 domain mutant proteins. The chaperoning activity of hsp70 is therefore not required for inhibition of JNK activation, and JNK inhibition was not sufficient for the prevention of apoptosis. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was inhibited in cells expressing full-length hsp70 but not in cells expressing the protein with ATPase deleted. Together with the recently identified ability of hsp70 to inhibit cytochrome c-mediated procaspase 9 processing in vitro, these data demonstrate that hsp70 can affect the apoptotic pathway at the levels of both cytochrome c release and initiator caspase activation and that the chaperone function of hsp70 is required for these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Mosser
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gabai VL, Yaglom JA, Volloch V, Meriin AB, Force T, Koutroumanis M, Massie B, Mosser DD, Sherman MY. Hsp72-mediated suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase is implicated in development of tolerance to caspase-independent cell death. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:6826-36. [PMID: 10958679 PMCID: PMC86215 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.18.6826-6836.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment with mild heat shock is known to protect cells from severe stress (acquired thermotolerance). Here we addressed the mechanism of this phenomenon by using primary human fibroblasts. Severe heat shock (45 degrees C, 75 min) of the fibroblasts caused cell death displaying morphological characteristics of apoptosis; however, it was caspase independent. This cell death process was accompanied by strong activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases. Suppression of Akt or ERK1 and -2 kinases increased cell thermosensitivity. In contrast, suppression of stress kinase JNK rendered cells thermoresistant. Development of thermotolerance was not associated with Akt or ERK1 and -2 regulation, and inhibition of these kinases did not reduce acquired thermotolerance. On the other hand, acquired tolerance to severe heat shock was associated with downregulation of JNK. Using an antisense-RNA approach, we found that accumulation of the heat shock protein Hsp72 is necessary for JNK downregulation and is critical for thermotolerance. The capability of naive cells to withstand moderate heat treatment also appears to be dependent on the accumulation of Hsp72 induced by this stress. Indeed, exposure to 45 degrees C for 45 min caused only transient JNK activation and was nonlethal, while prevention of Hsp72 accumulation prolonged JNK activation and led to massive cell death. We also found that JNK activation by UV irradiation, interleukin-1, or tumor necrosis factor was suppressed in thermotolerant cells and that Hsp72 accumulation was responsible for this effect. Hsp72-mediated suppression of JNK is therefore critical for acquired thermotolerance and may play a role in tolerance to other stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L Gabai
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hou ST, Callaghan D, Fournier MC, Hill I, Kang L, Massie B, Morley P, Murray C, Rasquinha I, Slack R, MacManus JP. The transcription factor E2F1 modulates apoptosis of neurons. J Neurochem 2000; 75:91-100. [PMID: 10854251 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 is known to mediate apoptosis in isolated quiescent and postmitotic cardiac myocytes, and its absence decreases the size of brain infarction following cerebral ischemia. To demonstrate directly that E2F1 modulates neuronal apoptosis, we used cultured cortical neurons to show a temporal association of the transcription and expression of E2F1 in neurons with increased neuronal apoptosis. Cortical neurons lacking E2F1 expression (derived from E2F1 -/- mice) were resistant to staurosporine-induced apoptosis as evidenced by the significantly lower caspase 3-like activity and a lesser number of cells with apoptotic morphology in comparison with cortical cultures derived from wild-type mice. Furthermore, overexpressing E2F1 alone using replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus was sufficient to cause neuronal cell death by apoptosis, as evidenced by the appearance of hallmarks of apoptosis, such as the threefold increase in caspase 3-like activity and increased laddered DNA fragmentation, in situ endlabeled DNA fragmentation, and numbers of neuronal cells with punctate nuclei. Taken together, we conclude that E2F1 plays a key role in modulating neuronal apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Hou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada. Neuroscience Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. sheng.hou.nrc.ca
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oualikene W, Lamoureux L, Weber JM, Massie B. Protease-deleted adenovirus vectors and complementing cell lines: potential applications of single-round replication mutants for vaccination and gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:1341-53. [PMID: 10890743 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050032438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new kind of versatile adenoviral vector (AdV) has been constructed, one that is completely replication disabled in the absence of Ad-E1 proteins but is capable of a single round of replication when Ad-E1 is present. This was made possible by deletion of the Ad protease gene (PS), which is essential for many steps of the Ad life cycle. The PS-deleted virus can be propagated in 293-derived cell lines engineered to express PS. In these new complementing cells, the PS gene was expressed from a tetracycline-inducible promoter in a dicistronic vector coexpressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). When induced, the best 293-PS stable clones produced the PS in amounts greater than the level reached after Ad infection. Biological activity was first demonstrated by the ability of 293-PS cells to support the replication of Ad2ts1, a mutant expressing a functionally defective PS. While overexpression of the Ad PS slightly affected cell growth, moderate expression at levels sufficient to fully complement Ad2ts1 was well tolerated in 293 cells. Two PS-deleted mutants, deleted or not deleted for E1/E3, were then generated and characterized. Despite their complete loss of infectivity after a single round of replication in permissive cells, the PS-deleted mutants produced as much viral protein as wildtype Ad. These new vectors should thus be both safer and more efficient for applications in which enhancement of transgene expression is desirable, as in the case of vaccination, in situ therapy for tumors, protein production, or the large-scale production of other viral vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Oualikene
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherche Canada, Montréal, QC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elahi SM, Shen SH, Talbot BG, Massie B, Harpin S, Elazhary Y. Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against the nucleocapsid of bovine viral diarrhea virus by an adenovirus vector with an inducible promoter. Virology 1999; 261:1-7. [PMID: 10441551 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new recombinant adenovirus was constructed that expressed the nucleocapsid (C protein or p14) of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) under the control of a tetracycline-regulatable promoter. Mice covaccinated with this recombinant adenovirus, accompanied by another recombinant adenovirus expressing the trans-activator protein, induced a strong humoral immune response to the BVDV/C protein as detected by ELISA. Splenocytes from mice immunized with the recombinant adenovirus showed a specific proliferation response to both genotypes (type 1 and 2) of BVDV. High levels of IFN-gamma were detected in the supernatant of murine mononuclear cells of mice immunized by the recombinant adenovirus when stimulated in vitro by both genotypes of BVDV. These results indicate that this recombinant adenovirus is highly immunogenic and stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses against the nucleocapsid of BVDV.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cattle
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/chemistry
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Tetracycline/pharmacology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Elahi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Residual necks and recurrences frequently occur after endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Addition of fibrinogen and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to the embolic material may promote healing of embolized aneurysms by increasing neointima formation at the neck. METHODS Bilateral carotid aneurysms were constructed with venous pouches in 31 dogs. Aneurysms were packed intraoperatively with bare Gelfoam sponges, sponges treated with fibrinogen, or fibrinogen sponges seeded with the animal's own VSMCs or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Animals were killed after angiography at 3 weeks, and morphometric studies were performed to measure the thickness of the neointima at the neck of treated lesions. Angiographic results and mean thickness of neointimas were compared using ANOVA. In 8 animals, 1 aneurysm was embolized with sponge seeded with VSMCs transduced by adenoviral infection to express a fluorescent protein (green fluorescent protein), and gene expression was monitored for 4, 7, 14, and 21 days by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Aneurysms treated with sponges seeded with VSMCs had significantly thicker neointimas and were more completely obliterated at 3 weeks than control aneurysms treated with fibrinogen sponges. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells could not reproduce these findings. Sponges treated with fibrinogen alone promoted formation of a thicker neointima than bare sponges. Transduced cells transplanted into in vivo aneurysms still expressed green fluorescent protein at 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS VMSC grafts can improve healing of experimental aneurysms treated by embolization. Transplantation of cells transduced to express a foreign gene opens the way for in situ gene therapy for cerebral aneurysms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/metabolism
- Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging
- Aneurysm/pathology
- Aneurysm/therapy
- Angiography
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Cells, Cultured/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Embolization, Therapeutic/methods
- Femoral Artery/cytology
- Fibrinogen/therapeutic use
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Indicators and Reagents/metabolism
- Luminescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/transplantation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/virology
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Wound Healing
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Raymond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Elahi SM, Shen SH, Talbot BG, Massie B, Harpin S, Elazhary Y. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing the E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus induce humoral and cellular immune responses. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 177:159-66. [PMID: 10436933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major viral glycoprotein and an attractive target for BVDV vaccines. Three replication defective recombinant adenoviruses expressing the BVDV/E2 protein (rAds/E2) were constructed. Two contain a constitutive promoter, and one an inducible promoter. All three recombinant adenoviruses induced very strong BVDV specific antibody responses in a mouse model as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and neutralization tests. Induction of cellular immune responses was investigated in two recombinant adenoviruses with a constitutive promoter. The mononuclear cells from the immunized mice demonstrated a proliferative response after in vitro stimulation with an homologous BVDV strain, but only one of them induced the production of IFN-gamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Elahi
- Virology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Que., Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|