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Gotelli M, Lattar E, Zini LM, Rosenfeldt S, Galati B. Review on tapetal ultrastructure in angiosperms. Planta 2023; 257:100. [PMID: 37084157 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The appearance of new cellular structures and characteristics in the tapetum suggests that there is still much to discover that would help to better understand the tapetum functions. The ultrastructure of the tapetum provides important information for the understanding of the functions performed by this tissue. Since there are no reviews on the subject, we aim to collect all the detailed information about the tapetum ultrastructure present until this moment in order to lay the foundations for future research. Detailed information on the tapetal ultrastructure of 80 species from 45 different families: 2 species with invasive non-syncytial tapetum, 11 with plasmodial and 67 with a secretory tapetum was collected. These studies allowed to establish (a) the most usual cytological characteristics of this tissue, (b) unique characteristics and/or cellular structures in tapetum cells, (c) the ultrastructural changes that occur in different types of tapetum, during the progress of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, and (d) the most recognized ultrastructural traits of the tapetum that cause androsterility. The structure of these cells is related to their function in each developmental stage. Since most species present their particular ultrastructure and may sometimes, share some traits within families, there is not a model plant on tapetum ultrastructure. However, knowing the general cytological aspect of the tapetum may help distinguish between patterns of cytoplasmic disorganization due to tapetum degeneration from technical failures of the preparation. Moreover, as the amount of species analyzed increases, unknown tapetal organelles or traits may be identified that might be associated to particular functions of this tissue. On the other hand, different ultrastructural changes may be related to the metabolisms and the regulation of normal/abnormal tapetum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gotelli
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Elsa Lattar
- Cátedra de Morfología de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA-UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Melisa Zini
- Cátedra de Morfología de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA-UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-UNNE-CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Rosenfeldt
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Galati
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peng Q, Liu C, Zou Z, Zhang M. Ectopic expression of Jatropha curcas JcTAW1 improves the vegetative growth, yield, and drought resistance of tobacco. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36737681 PMCID: PMC9898971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcas is a promising alternative bio-energy resource. However, underrun limited its broad application in the industry. Luckily, TAW1 is a high-productivity promoting gene that increases the lateral branches by prolonging the identification of inflorescence meristems to generate more spikes and flowers. RESULTS In the current study, we introduced the Jatropha JcTAW1 gene into tobacco to depict its functional profile. Ectopically expressed JcTAW1 increased the lateral branches and ultimate yield of the transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, the JcTAW1 lines had significantly higher plant height, longer roots, and better drought resistance than those of wild-type (W.T.). We performed RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to determine which biological processes were affected by JcTAW1. The results showed that biological processes such as carbon metabolism, cell wall biosynthesis, and ionization transport were extensively promoted by the ectopic expression of JcTAW1. Seven hub genes were identified. Therein, two up-regulated genes affect glucose metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis, five down-regulated genes are involved in DNA repair and negative regulation of TOR (target-of-rapamycin) signaling which was identified as a central regulator to promote cell proliferation and growth. CONCLUSIONS Our study verified a new promising candidate for Jatropha productive breeding and discovered several new features of JcTAW1. Except for boosting flowering, JcTAW1 was found to promote stem and root growth. Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicated that JcTAW1 might promote glucose metabolism while suppressing the DNA repair system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Peng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhurong Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mengru Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Chang F, Wang S, Lai Z, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Ma H. Cell Biological Analyses of Anther Morphogenesis and Pollen Viability in Arabidopsis and Rice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:199-218. [PMID: 37540359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in our understanding of anther developmental processes in flowering plants through a combination of genetic studies, cell biological technologies, biochemical analyses, microarray and high-throughput sequencing-based approaches. In this chapter, we summarize widely used protocols for pollen viability staining, investigation of anther morphogenesis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy of semi-thin sections, ultrathin section-based transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling) assay for tapetum programmed cell death, and laser microdissection procedures to obtain specific cells or cell layers for transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zesen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaibao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Kanaoka MM, Shimizu KK, Xie B, Urban S, Freeman M, Hong Z, Okada K. KOMPEITO, an Atypical Arabidopsis Rhomboid-Related Gene, Is Required for Callose Accumulation and Pollen Wall Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5959. [PMID: 35682638 PMCID: PMC9180352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is a key event for sexually reproducing plants. Pollen-stigma adhesion, which is the first step in male-female interaction during fertilization, requires proper pollen wall patterning. Callose, which is a β-1.3-glucan, is an essential polysaccharide that is required for pollen development and pollen wall formation. Mutations in CALLOSE SYNTHASE 5 (CalS5) disrupt male meiotic callose accumulation; however, how CalS5 activity and callose synthesis are regulated is not fully understood. In this paper, we report the isolation of a kompeito-1 (kom-1) mutant defective in pollen wall patterning and pollen-stigma adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Callose was not accumulated in kom-1 meiocytes or microspores, which was very similar to the cals5 mutant. The KOM gene encoded a member of a subclass of Rhomboid serine protease proteins that lacked active site residues. KOM was localized to the Golgi apparatus, and both KOM and CalS5 genes were highly expressed in meiocytes. A 220 kDa CalS5 protein was detected in wild-type (Col-0) floral buds but was dramatically reduced in kom-1. These results suggested that KOM was required for CalS5 protein accumulation, leading to the regulation of meiocyte-specific callose accumulation and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro M. Kanaoka
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Sinisa Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK;
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (B.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (K.K.S.); (K.O.)
- Ryukoku Extension Center (REC) Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Ohe-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2194, Japan
- Core Research of Science and Technology (CREST) Research Project, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Lora J, Garcia-Lor A, Aleza P. Pollen Development and Viability in Diploid and Doubled Diploid Citrus Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:862813. [PMID: 35557738 PMCID: PMC9090487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seedlessness is one of the most important agronomic traits in mandarins on the fresh fruit market. Creation of triploid plants is an important breeding strategy for development of new commercial varieties of seedless citrus. To this end, one strategy is to perform sexual hybridizations, with tetraploid genotypes as male parents. However, while seed development has been widely studied in citrus, knowledge of key steps such as microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, is scarce, especially in polyploids. Therefore, we performed a study on the effect of ploidy level on pollen development by including diploid and tetraploid (double diploid) genotypes with different degrees of pollen performance. A comprehensive study on the pollen ontogeny of diploid and doubled diploid "Sanguinelli" blood orange and "Clemenules" clementine was performed, with focus on pollen grain germination in vitro and in planta, morphology of mature pollen grains by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cytochemical characterization of carbohydrates by periodic acid-Shiff staining, and specific cell wall components revealed by immunolocalization. During microsporogenesis, the main difference between diploid and doubled diploid genotypes was cell area, which was larger in doubled diploid genotypes. However, after increase in size and vacuolization of microspores, but before mitosis I, doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine showed drastic differences in shape, cell area, and starch hydrolysis, which resulted in shrinkage of pollen grains. The loss of fertility in doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine is mainly due to lack of carbohydrate accumulation in pollen during microgametogenesis, especially starch content, which led to pollen grain abortion. All these changes make the pollen of this genotype unviable and very difficult to use as a male parent in sexual hybridization with the objective of recovering large progenies of triploid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM la Mayora-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Lor
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
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Schindfessel C, Drozdowska Z, De Mooij L, Geelen D. Loss of obligate crossovers, defective cytokinesis and male sterility in barley caused by short-term heat stress. Plant Reprod 2021; 34:243-253. [PMID: 34021795 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term heat stress during male meiosis causes defects in crossover formation, meiotic progression and cell wall formation in the monocot barley, ultimately leading to pollen abortion. High temperature conditions cause a reduction of fertility due to alterations in meiotic processes and gametogenesis. The male gametophyte development has been shown to be particularly sensitive to heat stress, and even short-term and modest temperature shifts cause alterations in crossover formation. In line with previous reports, we observed that male meiosis in the monocot barley exposed for 24-45 h to heat stress (32-42 °C) partially or completely eliminates obligate crossover formation and causes unbalanced chromosome segregation and meiotic abortion. Depending on the severity of heat stress, the structure and organization of the chromosomes were altered. In addition to alterations in chromosome structure and dynamics, heat treatment abolished or reduced the formation of a callose wall surrounding the meiocytes and interrupted the cell cycle progression leading to cytokinesis defects and microspore cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schindfessel
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zofia Drozdowska
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Len De Mooij
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Abstract
The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the male gametophyte among land plants and, in particular, its ontogenesis in flowering plants. The highly reduced male gametophyte of angiosperm plants is a two- or three-celled pollen grain. Its task is the production of two male gametes and their transport to the female gametophyte, the embryo sac, where double fertilization takes place. We describe two phases of pollen ontogenesis-a developmental phase leading to the differentiation of the male germline and the formation of a mature pollen grain and a functional phase representing the pollen tube growth, beginning with the landing of the pollen grain on the stigma and ending with double fertilization. We highlight recent advances in the complex regulatory mechanisms involved, including posttranscriptional regulation and transcript storage, intracellular metabolic signaling, pollen cell wall structure and synthesis, protein secretion, and phased cell-cell communication within the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; ,
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; ,
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Passarini Lopes F, Oriani A, Coan AI. Development of the permanent tetrad wall in Juncus L. (Juncaceae, Poales). Protoplasma 2021; 258:495-506. [PMID: 33159257 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Juncaceae, a cosmopolitan family, belong to the cyperid clade of Poales together with Cyperaceae and Thurniaceae. Pollen grain of Juncaceae, as in Thurniaceae, is dispersed in a permanent tetrad, and knowledge about the ontogeny of its wall is still incipient, based on data from only one species. This study aims to analyze the formation of the pollen wall of seven Juncus species in order to characterize the timing and the ontogenetic events that lead to the cohesion of the four pollen grains in a permanent tetrad. Anthers at different developmental stages were submitted to techniques of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy; dehiscent anthers with mature pollens were also analyzed in scanning electron microscopy. In all the species here studied, callose deposits around each microsporocyte, with dissolution prior to meiosis. Microspore wall starts at the end of the second meiotic division with formation of primexine. Exine comprises tectum, columellae, and foot layer. During cytokinesis, cell plates form the internal wall of the pollen tetrad. Mature permanent tetrad is enveloped externally by both the exine and intine and internally by the intine and the foot layer, which forms the continuous internal wall. Callose was detected in the early stages of microsporocytes, although reported to be absent in Juncaceae. Our data confirm the variation in Juncaceae cytokinesis and the occurrence of simple cohesion due to the presence of a continuous tectum along the pollen tetrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Passarini Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Oriani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ike Coan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ghorbel M, Zribi I, Missaoui K, Drira-Fakhfekh M, Azzouzi B, Brini F. Differential regulation of the durum wheat Pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) by Calmodulin TdCaM1.3 protein. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:347-362. [PMID: 33313970 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pathogenesis-related 1 protein (PR1) is considered as important defense protein. The production and accumulation of PR proteins in plants are one of the important responses to several biotic and abiotic stresses. In this regard, PR1 gene was isolated from Triticum turgidum ssp durum and was named as TdPR1.2. The amino acid sequence of TdPR1.2 protein showed 100%, 97.13%, and 44.41% with known PR1 proteins isolated from Triticum aestivum TdPR1-18, PRB1.2 of Aegilops tauschii subsp. tauschii and Arabidopsis thaliana respectively. qRT-PCR showed that TdPR1.2 was induced specially in leaves of durum wheat treated with Salicylic acid for 48 h. Besides, bioinformatic analysis showed that the durum wheat TdPR1.2 harbors a calmodulin binding domain located in it's C-terminal part and that this domain is conserved among different PR1 proteins isolated so far. However, no information is available about the regulation of PR genes by calmodulin and Ca2+ complex (CaM/Ca2+). Here, we showed that TdPR1.2 gene exhibits an antibacterial effect as revealed by the in vitro tests against 8 different bacteria and against the fungi Septoria tritici. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that PR1 proteins are able to bind to CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner via a GST-Pull down assay. Finally, in presence of Mn2+ cations, CaM/Ca2+ complex stimulated the antimicrobial effect of TdPR1.2. Such effects were not reported so far, and raise a possible role for CaM/Ca2+ complex in the regulation of plant PRs during cellular response to external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biology Departement, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, B.O. box, Ha'il city, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Zribi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khawla Missaoui
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Drira-Fakhfekh
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Basma Azzouzi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Ye J, Yang X, Yang Z, Niu F, Chen Y, Zhang L, Song X. Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 2020; 252:31. [PMID: 32740680 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four polygalacturonase gene family members were highlighted that contribute to elucidate the roles of polygalacturonase during the fertility conversion process in male-sterile wheat. Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. Specific expressed PGs in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but they have not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified, which could be classified into six categories A-F according to their structure characteristics and phylogenetic comparisons with Arabidopsis and rice. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were proved to be mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics, in which 12 TaPGs with spike-specific expression patterns were detected by qRT-PCR in different fertility anthers of KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat. Four of them specific upregulated (TaPG09, TaPG95, and TaPG93) or downregulated (TaPG87) at trinucleate stage of fertile anthers, and further aligning with the homologous in Arabidopsis revealed that they may undertake functions such as anther dehiscence, separation of pollen, pollen development, and pollen tube elongation, thereby inducing male fertility conversion in KTM3315A. These findings facilitate function investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuetong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Xiong SX, Zeng QY, Hou JQ, Hou LL, Zhu J, Yang M, Yang ZN, Lou Y. The temporal regulation of TEK contributes to pollen wall exine patterning. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008807. [PMID: 32407354 PMCID: PMC7252695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen wall consists of several complex layers which form elaborate species-specific patterns. In Arabidopsis, the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORE (AMS) is a master regulator of exine formation, and another transcription factor, TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK), specifies formation of the nexine layer. However, knowledge regarding the temporal regulatory roles of TEK in pollen wall development is limited. Here, TEK-GFP driven by the AMS promoter was prematurely expressed in the tapetal nuclei, leading to complete male sterility in the pAMS:TEK-GFP (pat) transgenic lines with the wild-type background. Cytological observations in the pat anthers showed impaired callose synthesis and aberrant exine patterning. CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5) is required for callose synthesis, and expression of CalS5 in pat plants was significantly reduced. We demonstrated that TEK negatively regulates CalS5 expression after the tetrad stage in wild-type anthers and further discovered that premature TEK-GFP in pat directly represses CalS5 expression through histone modification. Our findings show that TEK flexibly mediates its different functions via different temporal regulation, revealing that the temporal regulation of TEK is essential for exine patterning. Moreover, the result that the repression of CalS5 by TEK after the tetrad stage coincides with the timing of callose wall dissolution suggests that tapetum utilizes temporal regulation of genes to stop callose wall synthesis, which, together with the activation of callase activity, achieves microspore release and pollen wall patterning. To develop into mature pollen grains, microspores require formation of the pollen wall. To date, pollen wall developmental events, including production and transportation of pollen wall components, synthesis and degradation of the callose wall, and deposition and demixing of primexine, have been studied in Arabidopsis, and a number of anther- or tapetum-specific genes involved in pollen wall formation have been uncovered. However, whether the specific expression patterns of these genes contribute to pollen wall development or patterning remains unclear. Here, we show that TEK, a transcription factor that specifies formation of nexine (the inner layer of the pollen wall exine), represses the expression of the callose synthase CalS5 after the tetrad stage, which accurately fits with the timing of callose wall dissolution causing microspore release. Moreover, we show that premature expression of TEK in the wild-type anthers disturbs callose wall synthesis and pollen wall patterning. This work reveals that a pollen wall regulator must be kept under a strict temporal control to perform its functions, and that these temporal controls are coordinated with other pollen wall developmental events to determine pollen wall formation and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Xiong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Li Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Grandis A, Leite DCC, Tavares EQP, Arenque-Musa BC, Gaiarsa JW, Martins MCM, De Souza AP, Gomez LD, Fabbri C, Mattei B, Buckeridge MS. Cell wall hydrolases act in concert during aerenchyma development in sugarcane roots. Ann Bot 2019; 124:1067-1089. [PMID: 31190078 PMCID: PMC6881219 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cell wall disassembly occurs naturally in plants by the action of several glycosyl-hydrolases during different developmental processes such as lysigenous and constitutive aerenchyma formation in sugarcane roots. Wall degradation has been reported in aerenchyma development in different species, but little is known about the action of glycosyl-hydrolases in this process. METHODS In this work, gene expression, protein levels and enzymatic activity of cell wall hydrolases were assessed. Since aerenchyma formation is constitutive in sugarcane roots, they were assessed in segments corresponding to the first 5 cm from the root tip where aerenchyma develops. KEY RESULTS Our results indicate that the wall degradation starts with a partial attack on pectins (by acetyl esterases, endopolygalacturonases, β-galactosidases and α-arabinofuranosidases) followed by the action of β-glucan-/callose-hydrolysing enzymes. At the same time, there are modifications in arabinoxylan (by α-arabinofuranosidases), xyloglucan (by XTH), xyloglucan-cellulose interactions (by expansins) and partial hydrolysis of cellulose. Saccharification revealed that access to the cell wall varies among segments, consistent with an increase in recalcitrance and composite formation during aerenchyma development. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that hydrolases are synchronically synthesized, leading to cell wall modifications that are modulated by the fine structure of cell wall polymers during aerenchyma formation in the cortex of sugarcane roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora C C Leite
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eveline Q P Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Arenque-Musa
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas W Gaiarsa
- GaTE Lab, Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C M Martins
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, UK
| | - Claudia Fabbri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University of Rome – Sapienza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University of Rome – Sapienza, Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hernández-Cruz R, Silva-Martínez J, García-Campusano F, Cruz-García F, Orozco-Arroyo G, Alfaro I, Vázquez-Santana S. Comparative development of staminate and pistillate flowers in the dioecious cactus Opuntia robusta. Plant Reprod 2019; 32:257-273. [PMID: 30852671 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PCD role in unisexual flowers. The developmental processes underlying the transition from hermaphroditism to unisexuality are key to understanding variation and evolution of floral structure and function. A detailed examination of the cytological and histological patterns involved in pollen and ovule development of staminate and pistillate flowers in the dioecious Opuntia robusta was undertaken, and the potential involvement of programmed cell death in the abortion of the sex whorls was explored. Flowers initiated development as hermaphrodites and became functionally unisexual by anthesis. Female individuals have pistillate flowers with a conspicuous stigma, functional ovary, collapsed stamens and no pollen grains. Male individuals have staminate flowers, with large yellow anthers, abundant pollen grains, underdeveloped stigma, style and an ovary that rarely produced ovules. In pistillate flowers, anther abortion resulted from the premature degradation of the tapetum by PCD, followed by irregular deposition of callose wall around the microsporocytes, and finally by microspore degradation. In staminate flowers, the stigma could support pollen germination; however, the ovaries were reduced, with evidence of placental arrest and ovule abortion through PCD, when ovules were present. We demonstrate that PCD is recruited in both pistillate and staminate flower development; however, it occurs at different times of floral development. This study contributes to the understanding of the nature of the O. robusta breeding system and identifies developmental landmarks that contribute to sexual determination in Cactaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Hernández-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Silva-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Florencia García-Campusano
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, CENID-COMEF, 04010, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Conjunto E, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gregorio Orozco-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Santana
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pu Y, Hou L, Guo Y, Ullah I, Yang Y, Yue Y. Genome-wide analysis of the callose enzyme families of fertile and sterile flower buds of the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1432-1449. [PMID: 31168951 PMCID: PMC6668379 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Callose is a β‐1,3‐glucan commonly found in higher plants that plays an important role in regulating plant pollen development. It is synthesized by glucan synthase‐like (GSL) and is degraded by the enzyme endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase. However, genome‐wide analyses of callose GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes in fertile and sterile flower buds of Chinese cabbage have not yet been reported. Here, we show that delayed callose degradation at the tetrad stage may be the main cause of microspore abortion in Chinese cabbage with nuclear sterility near‐isogenic line ‘10L03’. Fifteen callose GSLs and 77 endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes were identified in Chinese cabbage. Phylogenetic, gene structural and chromosomal analyses revealed that the expansion occurred due to three polyploidization events of these two gene families. Expression pattern analysis showed that the GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes are involved in the development of various tissues and that the genes functionally diverged during long‐term evolution. Relative gene expression analysis of Chinese cabbage flowers at different developmental stages showed that high expression of the synthetic enzyme BraA01g041620 and low expression of AtA6‐homologous genes (BraA04g008040, BraA07g009320, BraA01g030220 and BraA03g040850) and two other genes (BraA10g020080 and BraA05g038340) for degrading enzymes in the meiosis and tetrad stages may cause nuclear sterility in the near‐isogenic line ‘10L03’. Overall, our data provide an important foundation for comprehending the potential roles of the callose GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes in regulating pollen development in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Hou
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ikram Ullah
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanling Yue
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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15
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Kravchik M, Stav R, Belausov E, Arazi T. Functional Characterization of microRNA171 Family in Tomato. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E10. [PMID: 30621201 PMCID: PMC6358981 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deeply conserved plant microRNAs (miRNAs) function as pivotal regulators of development. Nevertheless, in the model crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) several conserved miRNAs are still poorly annotated and knowledge about their functions is lacking. Here, the tomato miR171 family was functionally analyzed. We found that the tomato genome contains at least 11 SlMIR171 genes that are differentially expressed along tomato development. Downregulation of sly-miR171 in tomato was successfully achieved by transgenic expression of a short tandem target mimic construct (STTM171). Consequently, sly-miR171-targeted mRNAs were upregulated in the silenced plants. Target upregulation was associated with irregular compound leaf development and an increase in the number of axillary branches. A prominent phenotype of STTM171 expressing plants was their male sterility due to a production of a low number of malformed and nonviable pollen. We showed that sly-miR171 was expressed in anthers along microsporogenesis and significantly silenced upon STTM171 expression. Sly-miR171-silenced anthers showed delayed tapetum ontogenesis and reduced callose deposition around the tetrads, both of which together or separately can impair pollen development. Collectively, our results show that sly-miR171 is involved in the regulation of anther development as well as shoot branching and compound leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kravchik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Ran Stav
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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16
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Damayanti F, Lombardo F, Masuda JI, Shinozaki Y, Ichino T, Hoshikawa K, Okabe Y, Wang N, Fukuda N, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Functional Disruption of the Tomato Putative Ortholog of HAWAIIAN SKIRT Results in Facultative Parthenocarpy, Reduced Fertility and Leaf Morphological Defects. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1234. [PMID: 31681360 PMCID: PMC6801985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of plant microRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate developmental processes by integrating internal and environmental cues. Recently, the Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) gene has been described for its role in miRNA biogenesis. We have isolated in a forward genetic screen a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line mutated in the putative ortholog of HWS. We show that the tomato hws-1 mutant exhibits reduction in leaflet serration, leaflet fusion, some degree of floral organ fusion, and alteration in miRNA levels, similarly to the original A. thaliana hws-1 mutant. We also describe novel phenotypes for hws such as facultative parthenocarpy, reduction in fertility and flowering delay. In slhws-1, the parthenocarpy trait is influenced by temperature, with higher parthenocarpy rate in warmer environmental conditions. Conversely, slhws-1 is able to produce seeds when grown in cooler environment. We show that the reduction in seed production in the mutant is mainly due to a defective male function and that the levels of several miRNAs are increased, in accordance with previous HWS studies, accounting for the abnormal leaf and floral phenotypes as well as the altered flowering and fruit development processes. This is the first study of HWS in fleshy fruit plant, providing new insights in the function of this gene in fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Damayanti
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fabien Lombardo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Masuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoya Fukuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Ezura,
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17
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Tian M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Kang X, Zhang P. High temperature exposure did not affect induced 2n pollen viability in Populus. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:1383-1393. [PMID: 29430685 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High temperature exposure is widely used as a physical mutagenic agent to induce 2n gametes in Populus. However, whether high temperature exposure affects induced 2n pollen viability remains unknown. To clarify whether high temperature exposure affected the induced 2n pollen viability, 2n pollen induced by 38 and 41 °C temperatures, pollen morphology, 2n pollen germination in vitro, and crossing induced 2n pollen with normal gametes to produce a triploid was, based on observations of meiosis, conducted in Populus canescens. We found that the dominant meiotic stages (F = 56.6, p < .001) and the treatment duration (F = 21.4, p < .001) significantly affected the occurrence rate of induced 2n pollen. A significant decrease in pollen production and an increase in aborted pollen were observed (p < .001). High temperature sometimes affected in ectexine deposition and some narrow furrows were also analysed via details of ectexine structure. However, no significant difference in 2n pollen germination rate was observed between natural 2n pollen (26.7%) and high-temperature-induced 2n pollen (26.2%), and 42 triploids were created by crossing high-temperature-induced 2n pollen, suggesting that 38 and 41 °C temperatures exposure will not result in dysfunctional induced 2n pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Verma N, Burma PK. Regulation of tapetum-specific A9 promoter by transcription factors AtMYB80, AtMYB1 and AtMYB4 in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Plant J 2017; 92:481-494. [PMID: 28849604 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tapetum-specific promoters have been successfully used for developing transgenic-based pollination control systems. Although several tapetum-specific promoters have been identified, in-depth studies on regulation of such promoters are scarce. The present study analyzes the regulation of the A9 promoter, one of the first tapetum-specific promoter identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors (TFs) AtMYB80, AtMYB1 (positive regulators) identified by in silico analysis were found to upregulate A9 promoter activity following the over-expression of the TFs in transient and stable (transgenic) expression assays in both A. thaliana and tobacco. Furthermore, mutations of binding sites of these TFs in the A9 promoter led to loss of its activity. The role of a negative regulator AtMYB4 was also studied by analyzing the activity of A9 promoter following transient expression of RNAi against the TF and by mutating binding sites for AtMYB4 in the A9 promoter. While no changes were observed in case of A. thaliana, the A9 promoter was activated in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants, highlighting the role of these cis-elements in keeping the A9 promoter repressed in the roots of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Burma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
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19
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Shukla P, Singh NK, Gautam R, Ahmed I, Yadav D, Sharma A, Kirti PB. Molecular Approaches for Manipulating Male Sterility and Strategies for Fertility Restoration in Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:445-457. [PMID: 28791615 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Usable pollination control systems have proven to be effective system for the development of hybrid crop varieties, which are important for optimal performance over varied environments and years. They also act as a biocontainment to check horizontal transgene flow. In the last two decades, many genetic manipulations involving genes controlling the production of cytotoxic products, conditional male sterility, altering metabolic processes, post-transcriptional gene silencing, RNA editing and chloroplast engineering methods have been used to develop a proper pollination control system. In this review article, we outline the approaches used for generating male sterile plants using an effective pollination control system to highlight the recent progress that occurred in this area. Furthermore, we propose possible future directions for biotechnological improvements that will allow the farmers to buy hybrid seed once for many generations in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, NH-1A, Gallandar, Pampore, J & K, 192 121, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ranjana Gautam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Israr Ahmed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepanker Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Mestre P, Arista G, Piron M, Rustenholz C, Ritzenthaler C, Merdinoglu D, Chich J. Identification of a Vitis vinifera endo-β-1,3-glucanase with antimicrobial activity against Plasmopara viticola. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:708-719. [PMID: 27216084 PMCID: PMC6638254 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inducible plant defences against pathogens are stimulated by infections and comprise several classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Endo-β-1,3-glucanases (EGases) belong to the PR-2 class and their expression is induced by many pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, suggesting that EGases play a role in the hydrolysis of pathogen cell walls. However, reports of a direct effect of EGases on cell walls of plant pathogens are scarce. Here, we characterized three EGases from Vitis vinifera whose expression is induced during infection by Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew. Recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic characteristics of these three enzymes were measured in vitro and in planta. A functional assay performed in vitro on germinated P. viticola spores revealed a strong anti-P. viticola activity for EGase3, which strikingly was that with the lowest in vitro catalytic efficiency. To our knowledge, this work shows, for the first time, the direct effect against downy mildew of EGases of the PR-2 family from Vitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Mestre
- SVQV, INRA, Université de StrasbourgColmarF‐68000France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Ritzenthaler
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg12 rue du Général ZimmerStrasbourg67084France
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21
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Meng L, Liu Z, Zhang L, Hu G, Song X. Cytological characterization of a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat line having K-type cytoplasm of Aegilops kotschyi. Breed Sci 2016; 66:752-761. [PMID: 28163591 PMCID: PMC5282749 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Male sterility is an important tool for obtaining crop heterosis. A thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile (TCMS) line was developed recently using a new method based on tiller regeneration. In the present study, we explored the critical growth stages required to maintain thermo-sensitive male sterility in TCMS lines and found that fertility is associated with abnormal tapetal and microspore development. We investigated the fertility and cytology of temperature-treated plant anthers at various developmental stages. TCMS line KTM3315A exhibited thermo-sensitive male sterility in Zadoks growth stages 41-49 and 58-59. Morphologically, the line exhibited thermo-sensitive male sterility at 3-9 days before heading and at 3-6 days before flowering, and it was partially restored in three locations during spring and summer. TCMS line KTM3315A plants exhibited premature tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) from the early uninucleate stage of microspore development until the tapetal cells degraded completely. Microspore development was then blocked and the pollen abortion type was stainable abortion. Thus, male fertility in the line KTM3315A is sensitive to temperature and premature tapetal PCD is the main cause of pollen abortion, where it determines the starting period and affects male fertility conversion in K-type TCMS lines at certain temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Meng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi,
China, 712100
| | - Zihan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi,
China, 712100
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi,
China, 712100
| | - Gan Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi,
China, 712100
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi,
China, 712100
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22
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Xu X, Feng Y, Fang S, Xu J, Wang X, Guo W. Genome-wide characterization of the β-1,3-glucanase gene family in Gossypium by comparative analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29044. [PMID: 27353015 PMCID: PMC4926093 DOI: 10.1038/srep29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-1,3-glucanase gene family is involved in a wide range of plant developmental processes as well as pathogen defense mechanisms. Comprehensive analyses of β-1,3-glucanase genes (GLUs) have not been reported in cotton. Here, we identified 67, 68, 130 and 158 GLUs in four sequenced cotton species, G. raimondii (D5), G. arboreum (A2), G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 (AD1), and G. barbadense acc. 3-79 (AD2), respectively. Cotton GLUs can be classified into the eight subfamilies (A-H), and their protein domain architecture and intron/exon structure are relatively conserved within each subfamily. Sixty-seven GLUs in G. raimondii were anchored onto 13 chromosomes, with 27 genes involved in segmental duplications, and 13 in tandem duplications. Expression patterns showed highly developmental and spatial regulation of GLUs in TM-1. In particular, the expression of individual member of GLUs in subfamily E was limited to roots, leaves, floral organs or fibers. Members of subfamily E also showed more protein evolution and subgenome expression bias compared with members of other subfamilies. We clarified that GLU42 and GLU43 in subfamily E were preferentially expressed in root and leaf tissues and significantly upregulated after Verticillium dahliae inoculation. Silencing of GLU42 and GLU43 significantly increased the susceptibility of cotton to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Hafidh S, Fíla J, Honys D. Male gametophyte development and function in angiosperms: a general concept. Plant Reprod 2016; 29:31-51. [PMID: 26728623 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Overview of pollen development. Male gametophyte development of angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types and tissues of both gametophytic and sporophytic origin and the appropriate specific gene expression. Pollen ontogeny is also an excellent model for the dissection of cellular networks that control cell growth, polarity, cellular differentiation and cell signaling. This article describes two sequential phases of angiosperm pollen ontogenesis-developmental phase leading to the formation of mature pollen grains, and a functional or progamic phase, beginning with the impact of the grains on the stigma surface and ending at double fertilization. Here we present an overview of important cellular processes in pollen development and explosive pollen tube growth stressing the importance of reserves accumulation and mobilization and also the mutual activation of pollen tube and pistil tissues, pollen tube guidance and the communication between male and female gametophytes. We further describe the recent advances in regulatory mechanisms involved such as posttranscriptional regulation (including mass transcript storage) and posttranslational modifications to modulate protein function, intracellular metabolic signaling, ionic gradients such as Ca(2+) and H(+) ions, cell wall synthesis, protein secretion and intercellular signaling within the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Hafidh
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fíla
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Honys
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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24
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Chaturvedi P, Ghatak A, Weckwerth W. Pollen proteomics: from stress physiology to developmental priming. Plant Reprod 2016; 29:119-32. [PMID: 27271282 PMCID: PMC4909805 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development and stress. In angiosperms, pollen or pollen grain (male gametophyte) is a highly reduced two- or three-cell structure which plays a decisive role in plant reproduction. Male gametophyte development takes place in anther locules where diploid sporophytic cells undergo meiotic division followed by two consecutive mitotic processes. A desiccated and metabolically quiescent form of mature pollen is released from the anther which lands on the stigma. Pollen tube growth takes place followed by double fertilization. Apart from its importance in sexual reproduction, pollen is also an interesting model system which integrates fundamental cellular processes like cell division, differentiation, fate determination, polar establishment, cell to cell recognition and communication. Recently, pollen functionality has been studied by multidisciplinary approaches which also include OMICS analyses like transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Here, we review recent advances in proteomics of pollen development and propose the process of developmental priming playing a key role to guard highly sensitive developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil University, Sector No-15, CBD, Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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26
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Li Z, Zhang P, Lv J, Cheng Y, Cui J, Zhao H, Hu S. Global Dynamic Transcriptome Programming of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Anther at Different Development Stages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154039. [PMID: 27139433 PMCID: PMC4854403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop worldwide and exhibits significant heterosis. Effective pollination control systems, which are closely linked to anther development, are a prerequisite for utilizing heterosis. The anther, which is the male organ in flowering plants, undergoes many metabolic processes during development. Although the gene expression patterns underlying pollen development are well studied in model plant Arabidopsis, the regulatory networks of genome-wide gene expression during rapeseed anther development is poorly understood, especially regarding metabolic regulations. In this study, we systematically analyzed metabolic processes occurring during anther development in rapeseed using ultrastructural observation and global transcriptome analysis. Anther ultrastructure exhibited that numerous cellular organelles abundant with metabolic materials, such as elaioplast, tapetosomes, plastids (containing starch deposits) etc. appeared, accompanied with anther structural alterations during anther development, suggesting many metabolic processes occurring. Global transcriptome analysis revealed dynamic changes in gene expression during anther development that corresponded to dynamic functional alterations between early and late anther developmental stages. The early stage anthers preferentially expressed genes involved in lipid metabolism that are related to pollen extine formation as well as elaioplast and tapetosome biosynthesis, whereas the late stage anthers expressed genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism to form pollen intine and to accumulate starch in mature pollen grains. Finally, a predictive gene regulatory module responsible for early pollen extine formation was generated. Taken together, this analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of dynamic gene expression programming of metabolic processes in the rapeseed anther, especially with respect to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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27
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Abstract
Pollen plays important roles in the life cycle of angiosperms plants. It acts as not only a biological protector of male sperms but also a communicator between the male and the female reproductive organs, facilitating pollination and fertilization. Pollen is produced within the anther, and covered by the specialized outer envelope, pollen wall. Although the morphology of pollen varies among different plant species, the pollen wall is mainly comprised of three layers: the pollen coat, the outer exine layer, and the inner intine layer. Except the intine layer, the other two layers are basically of lipidic nature. Particularly, the outer pollen wall layer, the exine, is a highly resistant biopolymer of phenylpropanoid and lipidic monomers covalently coupled by ether and ester linkages. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying pollen coat formation and exine patterning remain largely elusive. Herein, we summarize the current genetic, phenotypic and biochemical studies regarding to the pollen exine development and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms mainly obtained from monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, aiming to extend our understandings of plant male reproductive biology. Genes, enzymes/proteins and regulatory factors that appear to play conserved and diversified roles in lipid biosynthesis, transportation and modification during pollen exine formation, were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
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28
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Gómez JF, Talle B, Wilson ZA. Anther and pollen development: A conserved developmental pathway. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:876-91. [PMID: 26310290 PMCID: PMC4794635 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Behzad Talle
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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29
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Torres M, Palomares O, Quiralte J, Pauli G, Rodríguez R, Villalba M. An Enzymatically Active β-1,3-Glucanase from Ash Pollen with Allergenic Properties: A Particular Member in the Oleaceae Family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133066. [PMID: 26177095 PMCID: PMC4503641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-1,3-glucanases are widespread enzymes with glycosyl hydrolitic activity involved in carbohydrate remodelling during the germination and pollen tube growth. Although members of this protein family with allergenic activity have been reported, their effective contribution to allergy is little known. In this work, we identified Fra e 9 as a novel allergenic β-1,3-glucanase from ash pollen. We produced the catalytic and carbohydrate-binding domains as two independent recombinant proteins and characterized them from structural, biochemical and immunological point of view in comparison to their counterparts from olive pollen. We showed that despite having significant differences in biochemical activity Fra e 9 and Ole e 9 display similar IgE-binding capacity, suggesting that β-1,3-glucanases represent an heterogeneous family that could display intrinsic allergenic capacity. Specific cDNA encoding Fra e 9 was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA encoded a polypeptide chain of 461 amino acids containing a signal peptide of 29 residues, leading to a mature protein of 47760.2 Da and a pI of 8.66. An N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module are the components of this enzyme. Despite the phylogenetic proximity to the olive pollen β-1,3-glucanase, Ole e 9, there is only a 39% identity between both sequences. The N- and C-terminal domains have been produced as independent recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, respectively. Although a low or null enzymatic activity has been associated to long β-1,3-glucanases, the recombinant N-terminal domain has 200-fold higher hydrolytic activity on laminarin than reported for Ole e 9. The C-terminal domain of Fra e 9, a cysteine-rich compact structure, is able to bind laminarin. Both molecules retain comparable IgE-binding capacity when assayed with allergic sera. In summary, the structural and functional comparison between these two closely phylogenetic related enzymes provides novel insights into the complexity of β-1,3-glucanases, representing a heterogeneous protein family with intrinsic allergenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Virgen del Rocío University, Hospital of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Hôpital Lyautey, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Zamora-Carreras H, Torres M, Bustamante N, Macedo AL, Rodríguez R, Villalba M, Bruix M. The C-terminal domains of two homologous Oleaceae β-1,3-glucanases recognise carbohydrates differently: Laminarin binding by NMR. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:93-101. [PMID: 26151774 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ole e 9 and Fra e 9 are two allergenic β-1,3-glucanases from olive and ash tree pollens, respectively. Both proteins present a modular structure with a catalytic N-terminal domain and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) at the C-terminus. Despite their significant sequence resemblance, they differ in some functional properties, such as their catalytic activity and the carbohydrate-binding ability. Here, we have studied the different capability of the recombinant C-terminal domain of both allergens to bind laminarin by NMR titrations, binding assays and ultracentrifugation. We show that rCtD-Ole e 9 has a higher affinity for laminarin than rCtD-Fra e 9. The complexes have different exchange regimes on the NMR time scale in agreement with the different affinity for laminarin observed in the biochemical experiments. Utilising NMR chemical shift perturbation data, we show that only one side of the protein surface is affected by the interaction and that the binding site is located in the inter-helical region between α1 and α2, which is buttressed by aromatic side chains. The binding surface is larger in rCtD-Ole e 9 which may account for its higher affinity for laminarin relative to rCtD-Fra e 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Zamora-Carreras
- Departamento de Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anjos L Macedo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bruix
- Departamento de Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Jiang L, Wu J, Fan S, Li W, Dong L, Cheng Q, Xu P, Zhang S. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Pathogenesis-Related Protein Gene (GmPRP) with Induced Expression in Soybean (Glycine max) during Infection with Phytophthora sojae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129932. [PMID: 26114301 PMCID: PMC4482714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) play crucial roles in the plant defense system. A novel PRP gene was isolated from highly resistant soybean infected with Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) and was named GmPRP (GenBank accession number: KM506762). The amino acid sequences of GmPRP showed identities of 74%, 73%, 72% and 69% with PRP proteins from Vitis vinifera, Populus trichocarpa, Citrus sinensis and Theobroma cacao, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) data showed that the expression of GmPRP was highest in roots, followed by the stems and leaves. GmPRP expression was upregulated in soybean leaves infected with P. sojae. Similarly, GmPRP expression also responded to defense/stress signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). GmPRP was localized in the cell plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Recombinant GmPRP protein exhibited ribonuclease activity and significant inhibition of hyphal growth of P. sojae 1 in vitro. Overexpression of the GmPRP gene in T2 transgenic tobacco and T2 soybean plants resulted in enhanced resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae (P. nicotianae) and P. sojae race 1, respectively. These results indicated that the GmPRP protein played an important role in the defense of soybean against P. sojae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Wang S, Zhang G, Song Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Guo J, Niu N, Ma S, Wang J. Abnormal development of tapetum and microspores induced by chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 in wheat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119557. [PMID: 25803723 PMCID: PMC4372346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical hybridization agent (CHA)-induced male sterility is an important tool in crop heterosis. To demonstrate that CHA-SQ-1-induced male sterility is associated with abnormal tapetal and microspore development, the cytology of CHA-SQ-1-treated plant anthers at various developmental stages was studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and DAPI staining. The results indicated that the SQ-1-treated plants underwent premature tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), which was initiated at the early-uninucleate stage of microspore development and continued until the tapetal cells were completely degraded; the process of microspore development was then blocked. Microspores with low-viability (fluorescein diacetate staining) were aborted. The study suggests that premature tapetal PCD is the main cause of pollen abortion. Furthermore, it determines the starting period and a key factor in CHA-SQ-1-induced male sterility at the cell level, and provides cytological evidence to further study the mechanism between PCD and male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Qilu Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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Li Z, Cheng Y, Cui J, Zhang P, Zhao H, Hu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced by the chemical hybridization agent monosulfuron ester sodium. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:206. [PMID: 25880309 PMCID: PMC4376087 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) are often used to induce male sterility for the production of hybrid seeds. We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide sulfonylurea family, can induce rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) male sterility at approximately 1% concentration required for its herbicidal activity. To find some clues to the mechanism of MES inducing male sterility, the ultrastructural cytology observations, comparative transcriptome analysis, and physiological analysis on carbohydrate content were carried out in leaves and anthers at different developmental stages between the MES-treated and mock-treated rapeseed plants. RESULTS Cytological analysis revealed that the plastid ultrastructure was abnormal in pollen mother cells and tapetal cells in male sterility anthers induced by MES treatment, with less material accumulation in it. However, starch granules were observed in chloroplastids of the epidermis cells in male sterility anthers. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 1501 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in leaves and anthers at different developmental stages, most of these DETs being localized in plastid and mitochondrion. Transcripts involved in metabolism, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and cellular transport were differentially expressed. Pathway visualization showed that the tightly regulated gene network for metabolism was reprogrammed to respond to MES treatment. The results of cytological observation and transcriptome analysis in the MES-treated rapeseed plants were mirrored by carbohydrate content analysis. MES treatment led to decrease in soluble sugars content in leaves and early stage buds, but increase in soluble sugars content and decrease in starch content in middle stage buds. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative results suggested that carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were influenced by CHA-MES treatment during rapeseed anther development, which might responsible for low concentration MES specifically inducing male sterility. A simple action model of CHA-MES inducing male sterility in B. napus was proposed. These results will help us to understand the mechanism of MES inducing male sterility at low concentration, and might provide some potential targets for developing new male sterility inducing CHAs and for genetic manipulation in rapeseed breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Shi X, Sun X, Zhang Z, Feng D, Zhang Q, Han L, Wu J, Lu T. GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 5 (GSL5) Plays an Essential Role in Male Fertility by Regulating Callose Metabolism During Microsporogenesis in Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:497-509. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhang D, Liu D, Lv X, Wang Y, Xun Z, Liu Z, Li F, Lu H. The cysteine protease CEP1, a key executor involved in tapetal programmed cell death, regulates pollen development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2014; 26:2939-61. [PMID: 25035401 PMCID: PMC4145124 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for pollen grain development in angiosperms, and cysteine proteases are the most ubiquitous hydrolases involved in plant PCD. We identified a papain-like cysteine protease, CEP1, which is involved in tapetal PCD and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. CEP1 is expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5 to 11 of anther development. The CEP1 protein first appears as a proenzyme in precursor protease vesicles and is then transported to the vacuole and transformed into the mature enzyme before rupture of the vacuole. cep1 mutants exhibited aborted tapetal PCD and decreased pollen fertility with abnormal pollen exine. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that 872 genes showed significantly altered expression in the cep1 mutants, and most of them are important for tapetal cell wall organization, tapetal secretory structure formation, and pollen development. CEP1 overexpression caused premature tapetal PCD and pollen infertility. ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed that the CEP1 expression level showed a strong relationship to the degree of tapetal PCD and pollen fertility. Our results reveal that CEP1 is a crucial executor during tapetal PCD and that proper CEP1 expression is necessary for timely degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pollen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Nakayama K, Koike S. Expression Analysis of Genes for Callose Synthases and Rho-Type Small GTP-Binding Proteins That Are Related to Callose Synthesis in Rice Anther. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:639-45. [PMID: 16556979 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most chilling-sensitive stage of rice has been found to be at the onset of microspore release. The microsporocytes produce a wall of callose between the primary cell wall and the plasma membrane, and it has been shown that precise regulation of callose synthesis and degradation in anther is essential for fertile pollen formation. In this study, genes for 10 callose synthases in the rice genome were fully annotated and phylogenetically analyzed. Expression analysis of these genes showed that OsGSL5, an ortholog of microsporogenesis-related AtGSL2, was specifically expressed in anthers, and was notably downregulated by cooling treatment. Gene expression profiles of Rho-type small GTP-binding proteins in rice anther were also analyzed. The mechanisms of callose synthesis in rice pollen formation and its relationships with cool tolerance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamaguchi
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Japan.
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Yamaguchi T, Nakayama K, Hayashi T, Yazaki J, Kishimoto N, Kikuchi S, Koike S. cDNA Microarray Analysis of Rice Anther Genes under Chilling Stress at the Microsporogenesis Stage Revealed Two Genes with DNA TransposonCastawayin the 5′-Flanking Region. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1315-23. [PMID: 15215597 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rice is most chilling sensitive at the onset of microspore release. Chilling treatment at this stage causes male sterility. The gene expression profile during the microspore development process under chilling stress was revealed using a microarray that included 8,987 rice cDNAs. As many as 160 cDNAs were up- or down-regulated by chilling during the microspore release stage. RT-PCR analysis of 5 genes confirmed the microarray results. We identified 3 novel genes whose expression levels were remarkably changed by chilling in rice anther. A new cis element that includes a DNA transposon Castaway sequence was found in the 5' upstream region of two genes which were conspicuously down-regulated by chilling temperatures in rice anther.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamaguchi
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Japan.
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Lu P, Chai M, Yang J, Ning G, Wang G, Ma H. The Arabidopsis CALLOSE DEFECTIVE MICROSPORE1 gene is required for male fertility through regulating callose metabolism during microsporogenesis. Plant Physiol 2014; 164:1893-904. [PMID: 24567187 PMCID: PMC3982751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
During angiosperm microsporogenesis, callose serves as a temporary wall to separate microsporocytes and newly formed microspores in the tetrad. Abnormal callose deposition and dissolution can lead to degeneration of developing microspores. However, genes and their regulation in callose metabolism during microsporogenesis still remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALLOSE DEFECTIVE MICROSPORE1 (CDM1) gene, encoding a tandem CCCH-type zinc finger protein, plays an important role in regulation of callose metabolism in male meiocytes and in integrity of newly formed microspores. First, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization analyses showed that the CDM1 gene was highly expressed in meiocytes and the tapetum from anther stages 4 to 7. In addition, a transfer DNA insertional cdm1 mutant was completely male sterile. Moreover, light microscopy of anther sections revealed that microspores in the mutant anther were initiated, and then degenerated soon afterward with callose deposition defects, eventually leading to male sterility. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that pollen exine formation was severely affected in the cdm1 mutant. Finally, we found that the cdm1 mutation affected the expression of callose synthesis genes (CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 and CALLOSE SYNTHASE12) and potential callase-related genes (A6 and MYB80), as well as three other putative β-1,3-glucanase genes. Therefore, we propose that the CDM1 gene regulates callose metabolism during microsporogenesis, thereby promoting Arabidopsis male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Address correspondence to
and
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Yue J, Ren Y, Wu S, Zhang X, Wang H, Tang C. Differential proteomic studies of the genic male-sterile line and fertile line anthers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genes Genomics 2014; 36:415-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chang F, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Ma H. Cell biological analyses of anther morphogenesis and pollen viability in Arabidopsis and rice. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1110:203-16. [PMID: 24395258 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9408-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of anther development through a combination of genetic studies, cell biological technologies, biochemical analysis, microarray and high-throughput sequencing-based approaches. In this chapter, we summarize the widely used protocols for pollen viability staining; the investigation of anther morphogenesis by light microscopy of semi-thin sections; TUNEL assay for programmed tapetum cell death; and laser microdissection procedures to obtain specialized cells or cell layers for carrying out transcriptomics.
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De Storme N, Geelen D. The impact of environmental stress on male reproductive development in plants: biological processes and molecular mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37:1-18. [PMID: 23731015 PMCID: PMC4280902 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, male reproductive development is extremely sensitive to adverse climatic environments and (a)biotic stress. Upon exposure to stress, male gametophytic organs often show morphological, structural and metabolic alterations that typically lead to meiotic defects or premature spore abortion and male reproductive sterility. Depending on the type of stress involved (e.g. heat, cold, drought) and the duration of stress exposure, the underlying cellular defect is highly variable and either involves cytoskeletal alterations, tapetal irregularities, altered sugar utilization, aberrations in auxin metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; oxidative stress) or the ectopic induction of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, we present the critically stress-sensitive stages of male sporogenesis (meiosis) and male gametogenesis (microspore development), and discuss the corresponding biological processes involved and the resulting alterations in male reproduction. In addition, this review also provides insights into the molecular and/or hormonal regulation of the environmental stress sensitivity of male reproduction and outlines putative interaction(s) between the different processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links, 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang D, Skibbe DS, Walbot V. Maize Male sterile 8 (Ms8), a putative β-1,3-galactosyltransferase, modulates cell division, expansion, and differentiation during early maize anther development. Plant Reprod 2013; 26:329-38. [PMID: 23887707 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise somatic and reproductive cell proliferation and differentiation in anthers are crucial for male fertility. Loss of function of the Male sterile 8 (Ms8) gene causes male sterility with multiple phenotypic defects first visible in the epidermal and tapetal cells. Here, we document the cloning of Ms8, which is a putative β-1,3-galactosyltransferase. Ms8 transcript is abundant in immature anthers with a peak at the meiotic stage; RNA expression is highly correlated with protein accumulation. Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry sequencing identified several MS8-associated proteins, including arabinogalactan proteins, prohibitins, and porin. We discuss the hypotheses that arabinogalactan protein might be an MS8 substrate and that MS8 might be involved in maintenance of mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA,
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Michalko J, Socha P, Mészáros P, Blehová A, Libantová J, Moravčíková J, Matušíková I. Glucan-rich diet is digested and taken up by the carnivorous sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.): implication for a novel role of plant β-1,3-glucanases. Planta 2013; 238:715-725. [PMID: 23832529 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carnivory in plants evolved as an adaptation strategy to nutrient-poor environments. Thanks to specialized traps, carnivorous plants can gain nutrients from various heterotrophic sources such as small insects. Digestion in traps requires a coordinated action of several hydrolytic enzymes that break down complex substances into simple absorbable nutrients. Among these, several pathogenesis-related proteins including β-1,3-glucanases have previously been identified in digestive fluid of some carnivorous species. Here we show that a single acidic endo-β-1,3-glucanase of ~50 kDa is present in the digestive fluid of the flypaper-trapped sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.). The enzyme is inducible with a complex plant β-glucan laminarin from which it releases simple saccharides when supplied to leaves as a substrate. Moreover, thin-layer chromatography of digestive exudates showed that the simplest degradation products (especially glucose) are taken up by the leaves. These results for the first time point on involvement of β-1,3-glucanases in digestion of carnivorous plants and demonstrate the uptake of saccharide-based compounds by traps. Such a strategy could enable the plant to utilize other types of nutritional sources e.g., pollen grains, fungal spores or detritus from environment. Possible multiple roles of β-1,3-glucanases in the digestive fluid of carnivorous sundew are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Michalko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic,
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Yang J, Wu J, Romanovicz D, Clark G, Roux SJ. Co-regulation of exine wall patterning, pollen fertility and anther dehiscence by Arabidopsis apyrases 6 and 7. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:62-73. [PMID: 23728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An NCBI nucleotide blast keyed to apyrase (ATP-diphosphohydrolases, EC 3.6.1.5) conserved regions revealed five apyrases, AtAPYs (3-7), in addition to the previously identified AtAPY1 and 2. Here we report the functional analyses of two of the newly defined apyrases, AtAPY6 and AtAPY7. We analyzed tissue specificity of AtAPY6 and 7 expression by qRT-PCR and promoter:GUS fusion assays. We characterized the phenotypes of single and double knockout mutants for AtAPY6 and 7 in anther and pollen by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The transcripts of both AtAPY6 and 7 are expressed in mature pollen grains. Single knockout mutants of AtAPY6 and 7 displayed a minor change in pollen exine pattern under scanning electron microscopy without obvious change in fertility. Double knockout mutants of AtAPY6 and 7 (apy6apy7) displayed severe defects in pollen exine pattern, deformed pollen shape and reduced male fertility. An analysis of pollen from heterozygous apy6apy7 plants suggests that the defects in pollen exine wall are determined by the diploid genome. Our findings demonstrate that AtAPY6 and AtAPY7 are enzymes that play an important role in exine development of pollen grains, possibly through regulating the production of key polysaccharides needed for proper assembly of the exine layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A6700, Austin TX 78712, USA
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Abstract
In somatic cell division, cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle and physically divides the mother cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In the meiotic cell division, however, pollen mother cells (PMCs) undergo two successive nuclear divisions without an intervening S-phase and consequently generate four haploid daughter nuclei out of one parental cell. In line with this, the physical separation of meiotic nuclei does not follow the conventional cytokinesis pathway, but instead is mediated by alternative processes, including polar-based phragmoplast outgrowth and RMA-mediated cell wall positioning. In this review, we outline the different cytological mechanisms of cell plate formation operating in different types of PMCs and additionally focus on some important features associated with male meiotic cytokinesis, including cytoskeletal dynamics and callose deposition. We also provide an up-to-date overview of the main molecular actors involved in PMC wall formation and additionally highlight some recent advances on the effect of cold stress on meiotic cytokinesis in plants.
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García-Sogo B, Pineda B, Roque E, Antón T, Atarés A, Borja M, Beltrán JP, Moreno V, Cañas LA. Production of engineered long-life and male sterile Pelargonium plants. BMC Plant Biol 2012; 12:156. [PMID: 22935247 PMCID: PMC3492168 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelargonium is one of the most popular garden plants in the world. Moreover, it has a considerable economic importance in the ornamental plant market. Conventional cross-breeding strategies have generated a range of cultivars with excellent traits. However, gene transfer via Agrobacterium tumefaciens could be a helpful tool to further improve Pelargonium by enabling the introduction of new genes/traits. We report a simple and reliable protocol for the genetic transformation of Pelargonium spp. and the production of engineered long-life and male sterile Pelargonium zonale plants, using the pSAG12::ipt and PsEND1::barnase chimaeric genes respectively. RESULTS The pSAG12::ipt transgenic plants showed delayed leaf senescence, increased branching and reduced internodal length, as compared to control plants. Leaves and flowers of the pSAG12::ipt plants were reduced in size and displayed a more intense coloration. In the transgenic lines carrying the PsEND1::barnase construct no pollen grains were observed in the modified anther structures, which developed instead of normal anthers. The locules of sterile anthers collapsed 3-4 days prior to floral anthesis and, in most cases, the undeveloped anther tissues underwent necrosis. CONCLUSION The chimaeric construct pSAG12::ipt can be useful in Pelargonium spp. to delay the senescence process and to modify plant architecture. In addition, the use of engineered male sterile plants would be especially useful to produce environmentally friendly transgenic plants carrying new traits by preventing gene flow between the genetically modified ornamentals and related plant species. These characteristics could be of interest, from a commercial point of view, both for pelargonium producers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña García-Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Edelín Roque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Teresa Antón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Alejandro Atarés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Marisé Borja
- BIOMIVA S.L, Carretera M-511 Km. 2, Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid, E-28670, Spain
- Plant Response Biotech S.L. Parque Científico-Tecnológico Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, E-28223, Spain
| | - José Pío Beltrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
| | - Luis Antonio Cañas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia E-46011, Spain
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Janiak A, Piórko S, Matros A, Mock HP, Kwaśniewski M, Chwiałkowska K, Chmielewska B, Szarejko I. A comparative analysis of proteins that accumulate during the initial stage of root hair development in barley root hair mutants and their parent varieties. J Appl Genet 2012; 53:363-76. [PMID: 22847350 PMCID: PMC3477482 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of root hair formation have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis but knowledge about these processes in monocot species is still limited, especially in relation to the proteome level. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins that are involved in the initiation and the early stage of root hair tip growth in barley using two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A comparison of proteins that accumulate differentially in two root hair mutants and their respective parent varieties resulted in the identification of 13 proteins that take part in several processes related to the root hair morphogenesis, such as the control of vesicular trafficking, ROS signalling and homeostasis, signal transduction by phospholipids metabolism and ATP synthesis. Among the identified proteins, two ATP synthases, two ABC transporters, a small GTPase from the SAR1 family, a PDI-like protein, a monodehydroascorbate reductase, a C2 domain-containing protein and a Wali7 domain-containing protein were found. This study is the first report on the proteins identified in the initial stage of root hair formation in barley and gives new insights into the mechanisms of root hair morphogenesis in a monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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50
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Zheng R, Sijun Yue, Xu X, Liu J, Xu Q, Wang X, Han L, Yu D. Proteome analysis of the wild and YX-1 male sterile mutant anthers of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). PLoS One 2012; 7:e41861. [PMID: 22860020 PMCID: PMC3408462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen development is disturbed in the early tetrad stage of the YX-1 male sterile mutant of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed anther proteins and to reveal their possible roles in pollen development and male sterility. To address this question, the proteomes of the wild-type (WT) and YX-1 mutant were compared. Approximately 1760 protein spots on two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) gels were detected. A number of proteins whose accumulation levels were altered in YX-1 compared with WT were identified by mass spectrometry and the NCBInr and Viridiplantae EST databases. Proteins down-regulated in YX-1 anthers include ascorbate peroxidase (APX), putative glutamine synthetase (GS), ATP synthase subunits, chalcone synthase (CHS), CHS-like, putative callose synthase catalytic subunit, cysteine protease, 5B protein, enoyl-ACP reductase, 14-3-3 protein and basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3). Meanwhile, activities of APX and GS, RNA expression levels of apx and atp synthase beta subunit were low in YX-1 anthers which correlated with the expression of male sterility. In addition, several carbohydrate metabolism-related and photosynthesis-related enzymes were also present at lower levels in the mutant anthers. In contrast, 26S proteasome regulatory subunits, cysteine protease inhibitor, putative S-phase Kinase association Protein 1(SKP1), and aspartic protease, were expressed at higher levels in YX-1 anthers relative to WT anthers. Regulation of wolfberry pollen development involves a complex network of differentially expressed genes. The present study lays the foundation for future investigations of gene function linked with wolfberry pollen development and male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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