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Li K, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Wang R, Li Y, Wei L, Wang L, Chen X, Chen Z, Liu P, Nie N, Tian X, Fu R. DPP8/9 inhibition attenuates the TGF-β1-induced excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in human mesangial cells via Smad and Akt signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett 2024; 395:1-10. [PMID: 38458339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glomerular diseases is strongly influenced by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in mesangial cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme family contains DPP8 and DPP9, which are involved in multiple diseases. However, the pathogenic roles of DPP8 and DPP9 in mesangial cells ECM deposition remain unclear. In this study, we observed that DPP8 and DPP9 were significantly increased in glomerular mesangial cells and podocytes in CKD patients compared with healthy individuals, and DPP9 levels were higher in the urine of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients than in control urine. Therefore, we further explored the mechanism of DPP8 and DPP9 in mesangial cells and revealed a significant increase in the expression of DPP8 and DPP9 in human mesangial cells (HMCs) following TGF-β1 stimulation. Silencing DPP8 and DPP9 by siRNAs alleviated the expression of ECM-related proteins including collagen Ⅲ, collagen Ⅳ, fibronectin, MMP2, in TGF-β1-treated HMCs. Furthermore, DPP8 siRNA and DPP9 siRNA inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, as well as the phosphorylation of Akt in HMCs. The findings suggested the inhibition of DPP8/9 may alleviate HMCs ECM deposition induced by TGF-β1 via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yuzhan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weihao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Na Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medcine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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2
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Heß L, Aliar K, Grünwald BT, Griffin R, Lozan A, Knöller M, Khokha R, Brummer T, Reinheckel T. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 regulates the dynamics of tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167133. [PMID: 38531482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The cytosolic dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase 9 (DPP9) cleaves protein N-termini post-proline or -alanine. Our analysis of DPP9 mRNA expression from the TCGA 'breast cancer' data set revealed that low/intermediate DPP9 levels are associated with poor overall survival of breast cancer patients. To unravel the impact of DPP9 on breast cancer development and progression, the transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse model of metastasizing breast cancer was used. In addition, tissue- and time-controlled genetic deletion of DPP9 by the Cre-loxP recombination system was done. Despite a delay of tumor onset, a higher number of lung metastases were measured in DPP9-deficient mice compared to controls. In human mammary epithelial cells with oncogenic RAS pathway activation, DPP9 deficiency delayed tumorigenic transformation and accelerated TGF-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of spheroids. For further analysis of the mechanism, primary breast tumor cells were isolated from the MMTV-PyMT model. DPP9 deficiency in these cells caused cancer cell migration and invasion accompanied by EMT. In absence of DPP9, the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 was stabilized due to insufficient degradation by the proteasome. In summary, low expression of DPP9 appears to decelerate mammary tumorigenesis but favors EMT and metastasis, which establishes DPP9 as a novel dynamic regulator of breast cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazeera Aliar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barbara T Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ricarda Griffin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Lozan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariel Knöller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Chang K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Xu N, Zeng B, Wang Y, Feng T, Dai B, Xu F, Ye D, Wang C. DPP9 Stabilizes NRF2 to Suppress Ferroptosis and Induce Sorafenib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3940-3955. [PMID: 37713596 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 axis is the principal regulator of cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stressors. NRF2 hyperactivation is frequently observed in many types of cancer and promotes cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to various therapies. Here, we determined that dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a regulator of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). DPP9 was markedly overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in ccRCC, and high DPP9 expression levels correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. Protein affinity purification to identify functional partners of DPP9 revealed that it bound to KEAP1 via a conserved ESGE motif. DPP9 disrupted KEAP1-NRF2 binding by competing with NRF2 for binding to KEAP1 in an enzyme-independent manner. Upregulation of DPP9 led to stabilization of NRF2, driving NRF2-dependent transcription and thereby decreasing cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, DPP9 overexpression suppressed ferroptosis and induced resistance to sorafenib in ccRCC cells, which was largely dependent on the NRF2 transcriptional target SLC7A11. Collectively, these findings indicate that the accumulation of DPP9 results in hyperactivation of the NRF2 pathway to promote tumorigenesis and intrinsic drug resistance in ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE DPP9 overcomes oxidative stress and suppresses ferroptosis in ccRCC by binding to KEAP1 and promoting NRF2 stability, which drives tumor development and sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fujiang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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4
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Tsukidate T, Hespen CW, Hang HC. Small molecule modulators of immune pattern recognition receptors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1014-1036. [PMID: 38033733 PMCID: PMC10685800 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represent a re-emerging class of therapeutic targets for vaccine adjuvants, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review article, we summarize exciting developments in discovery and characterization of small molecule PRR modulators, focusing on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and the cGAS-STING pathway. We also highlight PRRs that are currently lacking small molecule modulators and opportunities for chemical biology and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Charles W Hespen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla California 92037 USA
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5
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Bettecken A, Heß L, Hölzen L, Reinheckel T. Dipeptidyl-Aminopeptidases 8 and 9 Regulate Autophagy and Tamoxifen Response in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2031. [PMID: 37626841 PMCID: PMC10453625 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases 8 (DPP8) and 9 (DPP9) belong to the DPPIV serine proteases with the unique characteristic of cleaving off a dipeptide post-proline from the N-termini of substrates. To study the role of DPP8 and DPP9 in breast cancer, MCF-7 cells (luminal A-type breast cancer) and MDA.MB-231 cells (basal-like breast cancer) were used. The inhibition of DPP8/9 by 1G244 increased the number of lysosomes in both cell lines. This phenotype was more pronounced in MCF-7 cells, in which we observed a separation of autophagosomes and lysosomes in the cytosol upon DPP8/9 inhibition. Likewise, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of either DPP8 or DPP9 induced autophagy and increased lysosomes. DPP8/9 inhibition as well as the knockdown of the DPPs reduced the cell survival and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Additional treatment of MCF-7 cells with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat patients with luminal breast tumors, further decreased survival and proliferation, as well as increased cell death. In summary, both DPP8 and DPP9 activities confine macroautophagy in breast cancer cells. Thus, their inhibition or knockdown reduces cell viability and sensitizes luminal breast cancer cells to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bettecken
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Heß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Hölzen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre of Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Moreno-Moreno P, Dorado G, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Casado-Díaz A. Non-Specific Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidases 8/9 by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Negatively Affects Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4632. [PMID: 37510747 PMCID: PMC10380885 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DPP4 may play a relevant role in MSC differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4i), such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are used as antidiabetic drugs. However, vildagliptin is not a specific DPP4i and also inhibits DPP8/9, which is involved in energy metabolism and immune regulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate how sitagliptin, vildagliptin or 1G244 (a DPP8/9 specific inhibitor) may influence cell viability, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Viability, apoptosis, osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis markers, as well as protein synthesis of β-catenin, were studied in MSC cultures induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes in the presence or absence of sitagliptin, vildagliptin or 1G244. The two tested DPP4i did not affect MSC viability, but 1G244 significantly decreased it in MSC and osteoblast-induced cells. Additionally, 1G244 and vildagliptin inhibited osteogenesis and adipogenesis, unlike sitagliptin. Therefore, inhibition of DPP4 did not affect MSC viability and differentiation, whereas inhibition of DPP8/9 negatively affected MSC. To the best of our knowledge, these results show for the first time that DPP8/9 have an important role in the viability and differentiation of human MSC. This data can be considered for human clinical use of drugs affecting DPP8/9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Moreno-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
The biggest challenge to immune control of HIV infection is the rapid within-host viral evolution, which allows selection of viral variants that escape from T cell and antibody recognition. Thus, it is impossible to clear HIV infection without targeting "immutable" components of the virus. Unlike the adaptive immune system that recognizes cognate epitopes, the CARD8 inflammasome senses the essential enzymatic activity of the HIV-1 protease, which is immutable for the virus. Hence, all subtypes of HIV clinical isolates can be recognized by CARD8. In HIV-infected cells, the viral protease is expressed as a subunit of the viral Gag-Pol polyprotein and remains functionally inactive prior to viral budding. A class of anti-HIV drugs, the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), can promote Gag-pol dimerization and subsequent premature intracellular activation of the viral protease. NNRTI treatment triggers CARD8 inflammasome activation, which leads to pyroptosis of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Targeting the CARD8 inflammasome can be a potent and broadly effective strategy for HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolin M Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Priya Pal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Josh G Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Liang Shan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
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8
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Jones L, Jones AM. Suspected adverse drug reactions of the type 2 antidiabetic drug class dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i): Can polypharmacology help explain? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01029. [PMID: 36468400 PMCID: PMC9720577 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To interpret the relationship between the polypharmacology of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i) and their suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) profiles using a national registry. A retrospective investigation into the suspected ADR profile of four licensed DPP4i in the United Kingdom using the National MHRA Yellow Card Scheme and OpenPrescribing databases. Experimental data from the ChEMBL database alongside physiochemical (PC) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were extracted and interpreted. DPP4i show limited polypharmacology alongside low suspected ADR rates. We found a minimal statistical difference between the unique ADR profiles ascribed to the DPP4i except for total ADRs (χ2 ; p < .05). Alogliptin consistently showed the highest suspected ADR rate per 1 000 000 items prescribed. Saxagliptin showed the lowest suspected ADR rate across all organ classes but did not reach statistical difference (χ2 ; p > .05). We confirmed the Phase III clinical trial data that showed gastrointestinal and skin reactions are the most reported ADRs across the DPP4i class and postulated underlying mechanisms for this based on possible drug interactions. The main pharmacological mechanism behind the ADRs is attributed to interactions with DPP4 activity and/or structure homolog (DASH) proteins which augment the immune-inflammatory modulation of DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jones
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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9
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Carvalho LAR, Ross B, Fehr L, Bolgi O, Wöhrle S, Lum KM, Podlesainski D, Vieira AC, Kiefersauer R, Félix R, Rodrigues T, Lucas SD, Groß O, Geiss‐Friedlander R, Cravatt BF, Huber R, Kaiser M, Moreira R. Chemoproteomics-Enabled Identification of 4-Oxo-β-Lactams as Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidases 8 and 9. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210498. [PMID: 36089535 PMCID: PMC9828149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 (DPP8/9) have gathered interest as drug targets due to their important roles in biological processes like immunity and tumorigenesis. Elucidation of their distinct individual functions remains an ongoing task and could benefit from the availability of novel, chemically diverse and selective chemical tools. Here, we report the activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)-mediated discovery of 4-oxo-β-lactams as potent, non-substrate-like nanomolar DPP8/9 inhibitors. X-ray crystallographic structures revealed different ligand binding modes for DPP8 and DPP9, including an unprecedented targeting of an extended S2' (eS2') subsite in DPP8. Biological assays confirmed inhibition at both target and cellular levels. Altogether, our integrated chemical proteomics and structure-guided small molecule design approach led to novel DPP8/9 inhibitors with alternative molecular inhibition mechanisms, delivering the highest selectivity index reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís A. R. Carvalho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal,Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia92037USA
| | - Breyan Ross
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie82152PlaneggMartinsriedGermany,Proteros Biostructures GmbH82152PlaneggMartinsriedGermany
| | - Lorenz Fehr
- Fakultät für BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieUniversität Duisburg-Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Oguz Bolgi
- Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell ResearchAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität79104FreiburgGermany
| | - Svenja Wöhrle
- Institut für NeuropathologieUniversitätsklinikum Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany
| | - Kenneth M. Lum
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia92037USA
| | - David Podlesainski
- Fakultät für BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieUniversität Duisburg-Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Andreia C. Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | | | - Rita Félix
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Susana D. Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institut für NeuropathologieUniversitätsklinikum Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ruth Geiss‐Friedlander
- Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell ResearchAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität79104FreiburgGermany
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia92037USA
| | - Robert Huber
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie82152PlaneggMartinsriedGermany,Fakultät für BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieUniversität Duisburg-Essen45117EssenGermany,Fakultät für ChemieTechnische Universität München85747GarchingGermany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Fakultät für BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieUniversität Duisburg-Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Rui Moreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and MedicinesResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal
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10
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del Castillo-izquierdo Á, Moreno-navarrete JM, Latorre J, Arnoriaga-rodríguez M, Ballanti M, Monteleone G, Alessandro Paoluzi O, Mingrone G, Puig J, Ramos R, Garre-olmo J, Jové M, Pamplona R, Portero-otín M, Sol J, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Federici M, Fernández-real JM, Mayneris-perxachs J. DPP9 as a Potential Novel Mediator in Gastrointestinal Virus Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2177. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family. Inhibition of DPP9 has recently been shown to activate the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome. NLRP1 is known to bind nucleic acids with high affinity and directly interact with double stranded RNA, which plays a key role in viral replication. DPP9 has also recently emerged as a key gene related to lung-inflammation in critical SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, DPP9 activity is strongly dependent on the oxidative status. Here, we explored the potential role of DPP9 in the gastrointestinal tract. We performed transcriptomics analyses of colon (microarray, n = 37) and jejunal (RNA sequencing, n = 31) biopsies from two independent cohorts as well as plasma metabolomics analyses in two independent cohorts (n = 37 and n = 795). The expression of DPP9 in the jejunum, colon, and blood was significantly associated with circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress (uric acid, bilirubin). It was also associated positively with the expression of transcription factors (NRF-2) and genes (SOD, CAT, GPX) encoding for antioxidant enzymes, but negatively with that of genes (XDH, NOX) and transcription factors (NF-KB) involved in ROS-generating enzymes. Gene co-expression patterns associated with DPP9 identified several genes participating in antiviral pathways in both tissues. Notably, DPP9 expression in the colon and plasma was strongly positively associated with several circulating nucleotide catabolites (hypoxanthine, uric acid, 3-ureidopropionic acid) with important roles in the generation of ROS and viral infection, as well as other metabolites related to oxidative stress (Resolvin D1, glutamate-containing dipeptides). Gene-drug enrichment analyses identified artenimol, puromycin, anisomycin, 3-phenyllactic acid, and linezolid as the most promising drugs targeting these DPP9-associated genes. We have identified a novel potential pathogenic mechanism of viral infection in the digestive tract and promising existing drugs that can be repositioned against viral infection.
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11
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Kaviani B, Samani MA, Haghshenas H, Dehkordi MG. Development of pyrrolidine and isoindoline derivatives as new DPP8 inhibitors using a combination of 3D-QSAR technique, pharmacophore modeling, docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular Simulation 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2125511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Kaviani
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Asad Samani
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghshenas
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghani Dehkordi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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12
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Vukelic I, Buljevic S, Baticic L, Barisic K, Franovic B, Detel D. CD26 Deficiency Controls Macrophage Polarization Markers and Signal Transducers during Colitis Development and Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5506. [PMID: 35628317 PMCID: PMC9141856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial condition characterized by a destructive immune response that failed to be attenuated by common regulatory mechanisms which reduce inflammation and promote mucosa healing. The inhibition of CD26, a multifunctional glycoprotein that controls the immune response via its dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) 4 enzyme activity, was proven to have beneficial effects in various autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The polarization of macrophages into either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 subclass is a key intersection that mediates the immune-inflammatory process in UC. Hence, we hypothesized that the deficiency of CD26 affects that process in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of UC. We found that mRNA expression of M2 markers arginase 1 and Fizz were increased, while the expression of M1 marker inducible NO synthase was downregulated in CD26−/− mice. Decreased STAT1 mRNA, as well as upregulated pSTAT6 and pSTAT3, additionally support the demonstrated activation of M2 macrophages under CD26 deficiency. Finally, we investigated DP8 and DP9, proteins with DP4-like activity, and found that CD26 deficiency is not a key factor for the noted upregulation of their expression in UC. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CD26 deficiency regulates macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which is driven by STAT6/STAT3 signaling pathways. This process is additionally enhanced by the reduction of M1 differentiation via the suppression of proinflammatory STAT1. Therefore, further studies should investigate the clinical potential of CD26 inhibitors in the treatment of UC.
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13
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Fitzgerald AA, Wang S, Agarwal V, Marcisak EF, Zuo A, Jablonski SA, Loth M, Fertig EJ, MacDougall J, Zhukovsky E, Trivedi S, Bhatia D, O'Neill V, Weiner LM. DPP inhibition alters the CXCR3 axis and enhances NK and CD8+ T cell infiltration to improve anti-PD1 efficacy in murine models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002837. [PMID: 34737215 PMCID: PMC8578994 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA by 2030. Immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to control most PDAC tumors because of PDAC’s extensive immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor immune infiltration, a phenotype also seen in other non-inflamed (ie, ‘cold’) tumors. Identifying novel ways to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in PDAC is critical. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) inhibition can enhance immunotherapy efficacy in other cancer types; however, the impact of DPP inhibition on PDAC tumors remains unexplored. Methods We examined the effects of an oral small molecule DPP inhibitor (BXCL701) on PDAC tumor growth using mT3-2D and Pan02 subcutaneous syngeneic murine models in C57BL/6 mice. We explored the effects of DPP inhibition on the tumor immune landscape using RNAseq, immunohistochemistry, cytokine evaluation and flow cytometry. We then tested if BXCL701 enhanced anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) efficacy and performed immune cell depletion and rechallenged studies to explore the relevance of cytotoxic immune cells to combination treatment efficacy. Results In both murine models of PDAC, DPP inhibition enhanced NK and T cell immune infiltration and reduced tumor growth. DPP inhibition also enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD1. The efficacy of dual anti-PD1 and BXCL701 therapy was dependent on both CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Mice treated with this combination therapy developed antitumor immune memory that cleared some tumors after re-exposure. Lastly, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to demonstrate that increased NK cell content, but not T cell content, in human PDAC tumors is correlated with longer overall survival. We propose that broad DPP inhibition enhances antitumor immune response via two mechanisms: (1) DPP4 inhibition increases tumor content of CXCL9/10, which recruits CXCR3+ NK and T cells, and (2) DPP8/9 inhibition activates the inflammasome, resulting in proinflammatory cytokine release and Th1 response, further enhancing the CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis. Conclusions These findings show that DPP inhibition with BXCL701 represents a pharmacologic strategy to increase the tumor microenvironment immune cell content to improve anti-PD1 efficacy in PDAC, suggesting BXCL701 can enhance immunotherapy efficacy in ‘cold’ tumor types. These findings also highlight the potential importance of NK cells along with T cells in regulating PDAC tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Fitzgerald
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shangzi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Veena Agarwal
- Immune-oncology, BioXcel Therapeutics Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily F Marcisak
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie Loth
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dimple Bhatia
- BioXcel Therapeutics Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vince O'Neill
- BioXcel Therapeutics Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Liu HF, Xie YK, Zhong BY, Zhang JH, Song CX, Liu YW, Yang Y, Xie BH. Dipeptidyl peptidase-8 induces Sorafenib resistance via binding with c-Rel to mediate NF-κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:213-221. [PMID: 34719075 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is the important first standard drug for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A major obstacle to successful treatment is Sorafenib resistance. However, the mechanism of Sorafenib resistance is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase-8 (DPP8) in Sorafenib resistance. DPP8 expression was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. The effect of DPP8 on Sorafenib resistance was examined using terminal deoxynulceotidyl transferase nick-end-labeling (TUNEL), colony formation, flow cytometry, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. We found that DPP8 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically upregulated in HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that DPP8 might be involved in apoptosis regulation. Downregulation of DPP8 substantially promoted the sensitivity of HCC cells to Sorafenib. Further analysis showed that DPP8 might regulate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of DPP8 decreased the expression levels of downstream genes of the NF-κB pathway. IP showed that DPP8 can interact with NF-κB subunit c-Rel, an important protein of NF-κB signaling. Finally, a drug combination of Sorafenib and Val-boroPro induced higher mortality of HCC cells than Sorafenib alone in DPP8-upregulated cells. Our findings indicated that using the inhibitor Val-boroPro might be a promising method to enhance Sorafenib sensitivity in advanced HCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fu Liu
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R., China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Yuan-Kang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Bai-Yin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Cai-Xin Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Yan Yang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
| | - Bin-Hui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, P.R., China
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15
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Qian XK, Zhang J, Li XD, Song PF, Zou LW. Research Progress on Dipeptidyl Peptidase Family: Structure, Function and Xenobiotic Metabolism. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2167-2188. [PMID: 34525910 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210915103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl-specific peptidases or proteases, including Dipeptidyl Peptidase 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, Fibroblast Activation Protein, prolyl endopeptidase and prolyl carboxypeptidase, belong to the dipeptidyl peptidase family. In human physiology and anatomy, they have homology amino acid sequences, similarities in structure, but play distinct functions and roles. Some of them also play important roles in the metabolism of drugs containing endogenous peptides, xenobiotics containing peptides, and exogenous peptides. The major functions of these peptidases in both the metabolism of human health and bioactive peptides are of significant importance in the development of effective inhibitors to control the metabolism of endogenous bioactive peptides. The structural characteristics, distribution of tissue, endogenous substrates, and biological functions were summarized in this review. Furthermore, the xenobiotics metabolism of the dipeptidyl peptidase family is illustrated. All the evidence and information summarized in this review would be very useful for researchers to extend the understanding of the proteins of these families and offer advice and assistance in physiology and pathology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Kai Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
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16
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Kawakita E, Koya D, Kanasaki K. CD26/DPP-4: Type 2 Diabetes Drug Target with Potential Influence on Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092191. [PMID: 34063285 PMCID: PMC8124456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor is widely used for type 2 diabetes. Although DPP-4/CD26 has been recognized as both a suppressor and inducer in tumor biology due to its various functions, how DPP-4 inhibitor affects cancer progression in diabetic patients is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize one unfavorable aspect of DPP-4 inhibitor in cancer-bearing diabetic patients. Abstract DPP-4/CD26, a membrane-bound glycoprotein, is ubiquitously expressed and has diverse biological functions. Because of its enzymatic action, such as the degradation of incretin hormones, DPP-4/CD26 is recognized as the significant therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); DPP-4 inhibitors have been used as an anti-diabetic agent for a decade. The safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors for a cardiovascular event in T2DM patients has been widely analyzed; however, a clear association between DPP-4 inhibitors and tumor biology is not yet established. Previous preclinical studies reported that DPP-4 suppression would impact tumor progression processes. With regard to this finding, we have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor induces breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via an increase in its substrate C-X-C motif chemokine 12, and the consequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor. DPP-4/CD26 plays diverse pivotal roles beyond blood glucose control; thus, DPP-4 inhibitors can potentially impact cancer-bearing T2DM patients either favorably or unfavorably. In this review, we primarily focus on the possible undesirable effect of DPP-4 inhibition on tumor biology. Clinicians should note that the safety of DPP-4 inhibitors for diabetic patients with an existing cancer is an unresolved issue, and further mechanistic analysis is essential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2183
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17
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Zhang Y, Li K, Li Y, Zhao W, Wang L, Chen Z, Ma X, Yao T, Wang J, Dong W, Li X, Tian X, Fu R. Profibrotic mechanisms of DPP8 and DPP9 highly expressed in the proximal renal tubule epithelial cells. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105630. [PMID: 33932609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DPP8 and DPP9 have been demonstrated to play important roles in multiple diseases. Evidence for increased gene expression of DPP8 and DPP9 in tubulointerstitium was found to be associated with the decline of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which was observed in the Nephroseq human database. To examine the role of DPP8 and DPP9 in the tubulointerstitial injury, we determined the efficacy of DPP8 and DPP9 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We conducted the immunofluorescence of DPP8 and DPP9 in kidney biopsy specimens of CKD patients, established unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) animal model, treated with TC-E5007 (a specific inhibitor of both DPP8 and DPP9) or Saxagliptin (positive control) or saline, and HK-2 cells model. RESULTS We observed the significantly increased expression of DPP8 and DPP9 in the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells of CKD patients compared to the healthy control subjects. DPP8/DPP9 inhibitor TC-E5007 could significantly attenuate the EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in UUO mice, all these effects were mediated via interfering with the TGF-β1/Smad signaling. TC-E5007 treatment also presented reduced renal inflammation and improved renal function in the UUO mice compared to the placebo-treated UUO group. Furthermore, the siRNA for DPP8 and DPP9, and TC-E5007 treatment decreased EMT- and ECM-related proteins in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells respectively, which could be reversed significantly by transduction with lentivirus-DPP8 and lentivirus-DPP9. CONCLUSION These data obtained provide evidence that the DPP8 and DPP9 could be potential therapeutic targets against TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Weihao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Tian Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710005, China.
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18
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Gudipati RK, Braun K, Gypas F, Hess D, Schreier J, Carl SH, Ketting RF, Großhans H. Protease-mediated processing of Argonaute proteins controls small RNA association. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2388-2402.e8. [PMID: 33852894 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small RNA pathways defend the germlines of animals against selfish genetic elements, yet pathway activities need to be contained to prevent silencing of self genes. Here, we reveal a proteolytic mechanism that controls endogenous small interfering (22G) RNA activity in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline to protect genome integrity and maintain fertility. We find that DPF-3, a P-granule-localized N-terminal dipeptidase orthologous to mammalian dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 8/9, processes the unusually proline-rich N termini of WAGO-1 and WAGO-3 Argonaute (Ago) proteins. Without DPF-3 activity, these WAGO proteins lose their proper complement of 22G RNAs. Desilencing of repeat-containing and transposon-derived transcripts, DNA damage, and acute sterility ensue. These phenotypes are recapitulated when WAGO-1 and WAGO-3 are rendered resistant to DPF-3-mediated processing, identifying them as critical substrates of DPF-3. We conclude that N-terminal processing of Ago proteins regulates their activity and promotes silencing of selfish genetic elements by ensuring Ago association with appropriate small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanth Gudipati
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| | - Kathrin Braun
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Foivos Gypas
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jan Schreier
- Biology of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome Stability, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah H Carl
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - René F Ketting
- Biology of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helge Großhans
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel 4058, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Huang JC, Emran AA, Endaya JM, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD, Zhang HE. DPP9: Comprehensive In Silico Analyses of Loss of Function Gene Variants and Associated Gene Expression Signatures in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1637. [PMID: 33915844 PMCID: PMC8037973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 9, DPP8, DPP4 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are the four enzymatically active members of the S9b protease family. Associations of DPP9 with human liver cancer, exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DPP9 and loss of function (LoF) variants have not been explored. Human genomic databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), were interrogated to identify DPP9 LoF variants and associated cancers. Survival and gene signature analyses were performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) data. We found that DPP9 and DPP8 are intolerant to LoF variants. DPP9 exonic LoF variants were most often associated with uterine carcinoma and lung carcinoma. All four DPP4-like genes were overexpressed in liver tumors and their joint high expression was associated with poor survival in HCC. Increased DPP9 expression was associated with obesity in HCC patients. High expression of genes that positively correlated with overexpression of DPP4, DPP8, and DPP9 were associated with very poor survival in HCC. Enriched pathways analysis of these positively correlated genes featured Toll-like receptor and SUMOylation pathways. This comprehensive data mining suggests that DPP9 is important for survival and that the DPP4 protease family, particularly DPP9, is important in the pathogenesis of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Carrie Huang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Justine Moreno Endaya
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
- AW Morrow GE & Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
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20
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Varela-Calviño R, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Dias Carvalho P, Martins F, Serra-Roma A, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Páez de la Cadena M, Velho S, Cordero OJ. The mechanism of sitagliptin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell lines' metastatic functionalities. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:761-773. [PMID: 33615655 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycoprotein CD26 with peptidase activity (DPP4) and/or its soluble CD26/DPP4 counterpart expression and/or activity are altered in several cancers. Its role in metastasis development was recently highlighted by the discovery of CD26+ cancer stem cell subsets and the fact that clinical DPP4 inhibitors showed antimetastatic effects in animal models. Also, diabetic patients treated with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin showed greater overall survival after colorectal or lung cancer surgery than patients under other diabetic therapies. However, the mechanism of action of these inhibitors in this context is unclear. We studied the role of CD26 and its DPP4 enzymatic activity in malignant cell features such as cell-to-cell homotypic aggregation, cancer cell motility, and invasion in a panel of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, avoiding models that include the physiological role of DPP4 in chemotaxis. Present results indicate that CD26 participates in the induction of cell invasion, motility, and aggregation of CD26-positive CRC cell lines. Moreover, only invasion and motility assays, which are collagen matrix-dependent, showed a decrease upon treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Sitagliptin showed opposite effects to those of transforming growth factor-β1 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle, but this result does not explain its CD26/DPP4-dependent effect. These results contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind sitagliptin inhibition of metastatic traits. At the same time, this role of sitagliptin may help to define areas of medicine where DPP4 inhibitors might be introduced. However, they also suggest that additional tools against CD26 as a target might be used or developed for metastasis prevention in addition to gliptins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrícia Dias Carvalho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flavia Martins
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sérgia Velho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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21
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Huang M, Zhang X, Toh GA, Gong Q, Wang J, Han Z, Wu B, Zhong F, Chai J. Structural and biochemical mechanisms of NLRP1 inhibition by DPP9. Nature 2021; 592:773-7. [PMID: 33731929 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) mediate innate immunity by forming inflammasomes. Activation of the NLR protein NLRP1 requires autocleavage within its function-to-find domain (FIIND)1–7. In resting cells, the dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 interact with the FIIND of NLRP1 and suppress spontaneous NLRP1 activation8,9; however, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here we present structural and biochemical evidence that full-length rat NLRP1 (rNLRP1) and rat DPP9 (rDPP9) form a 2:1 complex that contains an autoinhibited rNLRP1 molecule and an active UPA–CARD fragment of rNLRP1. The ZU5 domain is required not only for autoinhibition of rNLRP1 but also for assembly of the 2:1 complex. Formation of the complex prevents UPA-mediated higher-order oligomerization of UPA–CARD fragments and strengthens ZU5-mediated NLRP1 autoinhibition. Structure-guided biochemical and functional assays show that both NLRP1 binding and enzymatic activity are required for DPP9 to suppress NLRP1 in human cells. Together, our data reveal the mechanism of DPP9-mediated inhibition of NLRP1 and shed light on the activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome. The 2:1 complex between the inflammatory mediator NLRP1 and the dipeptidyl peptidase DPP9 functions to sequester an inflammasome-forming fragment of NLRP1 and enhance NLRP1 autoinhibition.
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22
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Ning MM, Yang WJ, Guan WB, Gu YP, Feng Y, Leng Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis by potentiating the action of GLP-2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1446-56. [PMID: 32398684 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes. In the present study, experimental colitis was induced in mice receiving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. We found that mice with DSS-induced colitis had significantly increased intestinal DPP activity and decreased serum DPP activity, suggesting a probable correlation of DPP4 with experimental colitis. Then, we investigated whether sitagliptin, a specific DPP4 inhibitor could protect against DSS-induced colitis. We showed that oral administration of single dose of sitagliptin (30 mg/kg) on D7 remarkably inhibited DPP enzyme activity in both serum and intestine of DSS-induced colitic mice. Repeated administration of sitagliptin (10, 30 mg/kg, bid, from D0 to D8) significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, including reduction of disease activity index (DAI) and body weight loss, improvement of histological score and colon length. Sitagliptin administration dose-dependently increased plasma concentrations of active form of GLP-1 and colonic expression of GLP-2R. Co-administration of GLP-2R antagonist GLP-23-33 (500 μg/kg, bid, sc) abolished the protective effects of sitagliptin in DSS-induced colitic mice. Moreover, sitagliptin administration significantly decreased the ratio of apoptotic cells and increased the ratio of proliferative cells in colon epithelium of DSS-induced colitic mice, and this effect was also blocked by GLP-23-33. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sitagliptin could attenuate DSS-induced experimental colitis and the effects can be attributed to the enhancement of GLP-2 action and the subsequent protective effects on intestinal barrier by inhibiting epithelial cells apoptosis and promoting their proliferation. These findings suggest sitagliptin as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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23
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Suski M, Wiśniewska A, Kuś K, Kiepura A, Stachowicz A, Stachyra K, Czepiel K, Madej J, Olszanecki R. Decrease of the pro-inflammatory M1-like response by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 in THP-1 macrophages - quantitative proteomics of the proteome and secretome. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:193-202. [PMID: 32998073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular peptidases are an emerging target of novel pharmacological strategies in inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this context, the dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 (DPP8/9) have gained special attention due to their activities in the immune cells. However, in spite of more than hundred protein substrates identified to date by mass spectrometry-based analysis, the cellular DPP8/9 functions are still elusive. METHODS We applied the proteomic approach (iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS) to comprehensively analyze the role of DPP8/9 in the regulation of macrophage activation by in-depth protein quantitation of THP-1 proteome and secretome. RESULTS Cells pre-incubated with DPP8/9 inhibitor (1G244) prior activation (LPS or IL-4/IL-13) diminished the expression levels of M1-like response markers, but not M2-like phenotype features. This was accompanied by multiple intra- and extra-cellular protein abundance changes in THP-1 cells, related to cellular metabolism, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum function, as well as those engaged with inflammatory and apoptotic processes, including previously reported and novel DPP8/9 targets. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of DPP 8/9 had a profound effect on the THP-1 macrophage proteome and secretome, evidencing the decrease of the pro-inflammatory M1-like response. Presented results are to our best knowledge the first which, among others, highlight the metabolic effects of DPP8/9 inhibition in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Madej
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Saso K, Miyoshi N, Fujino S, Sasaki M, Yasui M, Ohue M, Ogino T, Takahashi H, Uemura M, Matsuda C, Mizushima T, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 9 Increases Chemoresistance and is an Indicator of Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:4337-4347. [PMID: 32734369 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, systemic chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); however, different patients have different responses to chemotherapeutics. METHODS Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is an enzyme in the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family that has been reported to increase drug sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we examined the relationship between DPP9 expression and the prognosis of patients with CRC, as well as the role of DPP9 in anticancer drug resistance. Moreover, the effects of the DPP9 inhibitors talabostat and vildagliptin in CRC cell lines and primary cultured cells were assessed. RESULTS High expression of DPP9 was associated with worse prognosis in 196 patients with CRC. Cell viability was markedly inhibited in CRC cell lines transfected with DPP9 small interfering RNA or small hairpin RNA. Talabostat suppressed proliferation in CRC cell lines and primary cultured cells, and increased their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Vildagliptin, a DPP family inhibitor currently administered for diabetes, also increased the sensitivity of CRC cells to anticancer drugs. CONCLUSION DPP9 was a poor prognostic factor for CRC and could be a new therapeutic target, while vildagliptin could be used as a repositioned drug for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Saso
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shiki Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chu Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptosis in response to intracellular danger-associated signals. NLRP1 and CARD8 are related germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that form inflammasomes, but their activation mechanisms and biological purposes have not yet been fully established. Both NLRP1 and CARD8 undergo post-translational autoproteolysis to generate two non-covalently associated polypeptide chains. NLRP1 and CARD8 activators induce the proteasome-mediated destruction of the N-terminal fragment, liberating the C-terminal fragment to form an inflammasome. Here, we review the danger-associated stimuli that have been reported to activate NLRP1 and/or CARD8, including anthrax lethal toxin, Toxoplasma gondii, Shigella flexneri and the small molecule DPP8/9 inhibitor Val-boroPro, focusing on recent mechanistic insights and highlighting unresolved questions. In addition, we discuss the recently identified disease-associated mutations in NLRP1 and CARD8, the potential role that DPP9's protein structure plays in inflammasome regulation, and the emerging link between NLRP1 and metabolism. Finally, we summarize all of this latest research and consider the possible biological purposes of these enigmatic inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew R Griswold
- Weill Cornell, Rockefeller, Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Bachovchin
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermins mediated programmed cell death, which has been widely studied in inflammatory disease models. Recently, there are growing evidences that pyroptosis can be chemically induced in cancer cells without any bacterial or viral infection. Pyroptosis may affect all stages of carcinogenesis and has become a new topic in cancer research. In this review, we first briefly introduced pyroptosis. In the subsequent section, we discussed the induction of pyroptosis in cancer and its potential role as a promising target for cancer therapy. In addition, the biological characteristics of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME), two important pyroptosis substrates, and their prognostic role in cancer management were reviewed. These results help us to understand the pathogenesis of cancer and develop new drugs, which based on pyroptosis modulation, for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin-Lan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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27
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Gall MG, Zhang HE, Lee Q, Jolly CJ, McCaughan GW, Cook A, Roediger B, Gorrell MD. Immune regeneration in irradiated mice is not impaired by the absence of DPP9 enzymatic activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7292. [PMID: 31086209 PMCID: PMC6513830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous intracellular protease dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) has roles in antigen presentation and B cell signaling. To investigate the importance of DPP9 in immune regeneration, primary and secondary chimeric mice were created in irradiated recipients using fetal liver cells and adult bone marrow cells, respectively, using wild-type (WT) and DPP9 gene-knockin (DPP9S729A) enzyme-inactive mice. Immune cell reconstitution was assessed at 6 and 16 weeks post-transplant. Primary chimeric mice successfully regenerated neutrophils, natural killer, T and B cells, irrespective of donor cell genotype. There were no significant differences in total myeloid cell or neutrophil numbers between DPP9-WT and DPP9S729A-reconstituted mice. In secondary chimeric mice, cells of DPP9S729A-origin cells displayed enhanced engraftment compared to WT. However, we observed no differences in myeloid or lymphoid lineage reconstitution between WT and DPP9S729A donors, indicating that hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment and self-renewal is not diminished by the absence of DPP9 enzymatic activity. This is the first report on transplantation of bone marrow cells that lack DPP9 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Gall
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Quintin Lee
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jolly
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Cook
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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28
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Zhang HE, Hamson EJ, Koczorowska MM, Tholen S, Chowdhury S, Bailey CG, Lay AJ, Twigg SM, Lee Q, Roediger B, Biniossek ML, O'Rourke MB, McCaughan GW, Keane FM, Schilling O, Gorrell MD. Identification of Novel Natural Substrates of Fibroblast Activation Protein-alpha by Differential Degradomics and Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:65-85. [PMID: 30257879 PMCID: PMC6317473 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) is a cell-surface transmembrane-anchored dimeric protease. This unique, constitutively active serine protease has both dipeptidyl aminopeptidase and endopeptidase activities and can hydrolyze the post-proline bond. FAP expression is very low in adult organs but is upregulated by activated fibroblasts in sites of tissue remodeling, including fibrosis, atherosclerosis, arthritis and tumors. To identify the endogenous substrates of FAP, we immortalized primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from FAP gene knockout embryos and then stably transduced them to express either enzymatically active or inactive FAP. The MEF secretomes were then analyzed using degradomic and proteomic techniques. Terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS)-based degradomics identified cleavage sites in collagens, many other extracellular matrix (ECM) and associated proteins, and lysyl oxidase-like-1, CXCL-5, CSF-1, and C1qT6, that were confirmed in vitro In addition, differential metabolic labeling coupled with quantitative proteomic analysis also implicated FAP in ECM-cell interactions, as well as with coagulation, metabolism and wound healing associated proteins. Plasma from FAP-deficient mice exhibited slower than wild-type clotting times. This study provides a significant expansion of the substrate repertoire of FAP and provides insight into the physiological and potential pathological roles of this enigmatic protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Emma Zhang
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Hamson
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Tholen
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sumaiya Chowdhury
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia;; ‖Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Quintin Lee
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Ben Roediger
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Martin L Biniossek
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew B O'Rourke
- ‖Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia;; **Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona M Keane
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Oliver Schilling
- ‡‡Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;; §§BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;; ¶¶German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- From the ‡Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Locked Bag No.6, Newtown, New South Wales, 2042, Australia;; §Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, 2006, Australia;; ‖Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia;.
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29
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Fleischhacker AS, Carter EL, Ragsdale SW. Redox Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-2 and the Transcription Factor, Rev-Erb, Through Heme Regulatory Motifs. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1841-1857. [PMID: 28990415 PMCID: PMC6217750 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme binds to and serves as a cofactor for a myriad of proteins that are involved in diverse biological processes. Hemoproteins also exhibit varying modes of heme binding, suggesting that the protein environment contributes to the functional versatility of this prosthetic group. The subject of this review is a subset of hemoproteins that contain at least one heme regulatory motif (HRM), which is a short sequence containing a Cys-Pro core that, in many cases, binds heme with the Cys acting as an axial ligand. Recent Advances: As more details about HRM-containing proteins are uncovered, some underlying commonalities are emerging, including a role in regulating protein stability. Further, the cysteines of some HRMs have been shown to form disulfide bonds. Because the cysteines must be in the reduced, dithiol form to act as a heme axial ligand, heme binds at these sites in a redox-regulated manner, as demonstrated for heme oxygenase-2 (HO2) and Rev-erbβ. CRITICAL ISSUES HRM-containing proteins have wide variations in heme affinity, utilize different axial ligand schemes, and exhibit differences in the ability to act as a redox sensor-all while having a wide variety of biological functions. Here, we highlight HO2 and Rev-erbβ to illustrate the similarities and differences between two hemoproteins that contain HRMs acting as redox sensors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS HRMs acting as redox sensors may be applicable to other HRM-containing proteins as many contain multiple HRMs and/or other cysteine residues, which may become more evident as the functional significance of HRMs is probed in additional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric L Carter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen W Ragsdale
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Brunetti M, Holth A, Panagopoulos I, Staff AC, Micci F, Davidson B. Expression and clinical role of the dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 in ovarian carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:177-185. [PMID: 30467600 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) was recently identified as fusion gene in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and clinical relevance of DPP8 and DPP9 in ovarian carcinoma, with focus on HGSC. mRNA expression by qRT-PCR of DPP8 and DPP9 was analyzed in 232 carcinomas, including 114 effusions and 118 surgical specimens (89 ovarian, 29 solid metastases). DPP8 and DPP9 protein expression was analyzed in 92 effusions. DPP8 and DPP9 mRNA was overexpressed in effusions compared to solid lesions in analysis of all histotypes (p < 0.001 both), as well as in analysis limited to HGSC (p < 0.001 for DPP9, p = 0.002 for DPP8). DPP9 mRNA was additionally overexpressed in HGSC compared to other histotypes (p = 0.021). DPP8 and DPP9 protein was expressed in carcinoma cells in 31/92 (37%) and 81/92 (88%) effusions, respectively. DPP8 protein expression in HGSC effusions was significantly related to better (complete) chemoresponse at diagnosis (p = 0.005). DPP8 and DPP9 mRNA and protein expression was unrelated to survival in analysis of the entire effusion cohort. However, higher DPP9 mRNA levels were significantly related to longer overall survival in pre-chemotherapy effusions (p = 0.049). In conclusion, DPP8 and DPP9 mRNA is frequently expressed in ovarian carcinoma, whereas DPP9 is more frequently expressed at the protein level. DPP8 and DPP9 may be related to less aggressive disease in advanced-stage HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brunetti
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Holth
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ullevål University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Chen Y, Liu F, Wu K, Wu W, Wu H, Zhang W. Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 8 genes inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibition of cyclin D1 and MMP2MMP9 signal pathway in cervical cancer. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3056. [PMID: 30225951 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DPP8 is a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family, which belongs to the S9b protease subfamily. It regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion during cancer progression. METHODS To investigate the role of DPP8 in cervical cancer, we examined DPP8 levels in cervical cancer tissues and cells. The localization of DPP8 was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, SiHa and HeLa cells were treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-DPP8. We used cell cycle analysis, an 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay proliferation assay and a cellular apoptosis assay to determine the effect of DPP8 on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. We used a Transwell assay to assess the number of transfection cancer cells migrating through the matrix. A real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to analyze the expression of related proteins and to determine the phenotype caused by the depletion or overexpression of DPP8 in cervical cancer cells. RESULTS We observed that DPP8 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells. DPP8 expression was observed in the cytosol and in the perinuclear area, as well as in the nuclei of cervical cancer cells. Notably, when cells were treated with siRNA-DPP8, the expression of BAX increased, and the expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9 was downregulated. In cervical cancer cell lines, silencing the expression of DPP8 not only suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cervical cancer cells, but also promoted cervical cancer cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the present study reveal that DPP8 promotes the progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fulin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Johnson DC, Taabazuing CY, Okondo MC, Chui AJ, Rao SD, Brown FC, Reed C, Peguero E, de Stanchina E, Kentsis A, Bachovchin DA. DPP8/DPP9 inhibitor-induced pyroptosis for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:1151-1156. [PMID: 29967349 PMCID: PMC6082709 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of the serine dipeptidases DPP8 and DPP9 (DPP8/9) induce a lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis in mouse and human monocytes and macrophages1,2. In mouse myeloid cells, Dpp8/9 inhibition activates the inflammasome sensor Nlrp1b, which in turn activates pro-caspase-1 to mediate cell death3, but the mechanism of DPP8/9 inhibitor-induced pyroptosis in human myeloid cells is not yet known. Here we show that the CARD-containing protein CARD8 mediates DPP8/9 inhibitor-induced pro-caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in human myeloid cells. We further show that DPP8/9 inhibitors induce pyroptosis in the majority of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML samples, but not in cells from many other lineages, and that these inhibitors inhibit human AML progression in mouse models. Overall, this work identifies an activator of CARD8 in human cells and indicates that its activation by small-molecule DPP8/9 inhibitors represents a new potential therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Johnson
- Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marian C Okondo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley J Chui
- Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahana D Rao
- Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Peguero
- Antitumor Assessment Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Bachovchin
- Tri-institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Buljevic S, Detel D, Pugel EP, Varljen J. The effect of CD26-deficiency on dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and 9 expression profiles in a mouse model of Crohn's disease. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6743-6755. [PMID: 29693275 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) IV/CD26 (DPP IV/CD26) family members in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), an autoimmune inflammatory condition of the gut, is effected mainly through proteolytic cleavage of immunomodulatory substrates and DPP IV/CD26's costimulatory function. DP8 and DP9 are proteases with diverse functions including cell interactions, apoptosis, and immune response but their localization remains to be clarified. We assessed the impact of DPP IV/CD26 deficiency (CD26-/- ) on the expression profiles of DP8 and DP9 by qPCR and immunodetection as well as quantified DP8/9 enzyme activity in distinctive phases of a chemically-induced CD model in mice. CD26-/- did not affect colon DP8 mRNA expression, while the physiological concentration of DP8 protein is decreased in CD26-/- mice but rises in inflammation (P < 0.05). On the other hand, DP9 mRNA level is significantly increased in CD26-/- mice in inflammation as well as healing with the DP9 concentration being almost twofold increased (P < 0.05) in all experimental points in CD26-/- mice compared to wild-type indicating the expected up-regulation in CD26-/- conditions. Surprisingly, dominantly intracellular DP8 and DP9 were found in abundance in serum. DP8/9 activity is decreased in the inflamed colon, whereas its contribution to the overall serum DPP IV/CD26-like activity is negligible, suggesting the importance of their extra-enzymatic functions. To summarize, CD induction generated gene, protein and enzymatic changes of DP8 and DP9 so their involvement in inflammation development and/or healing process is implicated, especially in CD26-/- , and the question of their subcellular localization should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suncica Buljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dijana Detel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ester P Pugel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Varljen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Ross B, Krapp S, Augustin M, Kierfersauer R, Arciniega M, Geiss-Friedlander R, Huber R. Structures and mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9, important players in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1437-45. [PMID: 29382749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717565115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 are intracellular N-terminal dipeptidyl peptidases (preferentially postproline) associated with pathophysiological roles in immune response and cancer biology. While the DPP family member DPP4 is extensively characterized in molecular terms as a validated therapeutic target of type II diabetes, experimental 3D structures and ligand-/substrate-binding modes of DPP8 and DPP9 have not been reported. In this study we describe crystal and molecular structures of human DPP8 (2.5 Å) and DPP9 (3.0 Å) unliganded and complexed with a noncanonical substrate and a small molecule inhibitor, respectively. Similar to DPP4, DPP8 and DPP9 molecules consist of one β-propeller and α/β hydrolase domain, forming a functional homodimer. However, they differ extensively in the ligand binding site structure. In intriguing contrast to DPP4, where liganded and unliganded forms are closely similar, ligand binding to DPP8/9 induces an extensive rearrangement at the active site through a disorder-order transition of a 26-residue loop segment, which partially folds into an α-helix (R-helix), including R160/133, a key residue for substrate binding. As vestiges of this helix are also seen in one of the copies of the unliganded form, conformational selection may contributes to ligand binding. Molecular dynamics simulations support increased flexibility of the R-helix in the unliganded state. Consistently, enzyme kinetics assays reveal a cooperative allosteric mechanism. DPP8 and DPP9 are closely similar and display few opportunities for targeted ligand design. However, extensive differences from DPP4 provide multiple cues for specific inhibitor design and development of the DPP family members as therapeutic targets or antitargets.
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35
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Antonyan A, Schlenzig D, Schilling S, Naumann M, Sharoyan S, Mardanyan S, Demuth HU. Concerted action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and glutaminyl cyclase results in formation of pyroglutamate-modified amyloid peptides in vitro. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:112-119. [PMID: 29224965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests a crucial role of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ(1-40/42)) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The N-terminal truncation of Aβ(1-40/42) and their modification, e.g. by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), is expected to enhance the amyloid toxicity. In this work, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry application proved N-terminal cleavage of Aβ(1-40/42) by purified dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in vitro observed earlier. The subsequent transformation of resulted Aβ(3-40/42) to pE-Aβ(3-40/42) in QC catalyzed glutamate cyclization was manifested. Hence, consecutive conversion of Aβ(1-40/42) by DPPIV and QC can be assumed as a potential mechanism of formation of non-degrading pyroglutamated pE-Aβ(3-40/42), which might accumulate and contribute to AD progression. The in vitro acceleration of Aβ(1-40) aggregation in the simultaneous presence of DPPIV and QC was shown also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvard Antonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sharoyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Sona Mardanyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
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36
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:810. [PMID: 29081515 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:755-772. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Fernández-Paredes L, Casrouge A, Decalf J, de Andrés C, Villar LM, Pérez de Diego R, Alonso B, Álvarez Cermeño JC, Arroyo R, Tejera-Alhambra M, Navarro J, Oreja-Guevara C, López Trascasa M, Seyfferth A, García Martínez MA, Álvarez Lafuente R, Albert ML, Sánchez-Ramón S. Multimarker risk stratification approach at multiple sclerosis onset. Clin Immunol 2017; 181:43-50. [PMID: 28578025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delay in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) stems from the lack of specific clinical and analytical markers to assist in the early diagnosis and prediction of progressive course. We propose a decision-tree model that better defines early at onset MS patients and those with the progressive form by analysing a 12-biomarkers panel in serum and CSF samples of patients with MS, other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy contols. Thus, patients at onset of neurological disease were first classified by serum IL-7 levels <141pg/ml (OR=6.51, p<0.001). Combination of IL-7 and CXCL10 indicated risk for a specific MS clinical form, where IL-7<141 and CXCL10<570pg/ml were associated with the highest risk for PP-MS (OR=22, p=0.01). Unexpectedly, both PP-MS and RR-MS patients shared significantly decreased prototypical biomarkers of inflammation and tissue regeneration in CSF than OND suggesting a defective intrinsic immune response playing a role at the beginning of the disease.
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39
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Krepela E, Busek P, Hilser M, Vanickova Z, Sedo A. Species-specific real-time RT-PCR analysis of expression of stromal cell genes in a tumor xenotransplantation model in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:126-133. [PMID: 28711492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human tumor xenografts in mice together with the species-specific analysis of expressed genes allow to study the molecular processes driving tumor growth and progression in vivo and help to develop and evaluate anticancer therapies. In the present work, we designed and validated species-specific real-time RT-PCR assays for discrimination and quantitation of expression of human and mouse transcripts in cancer and stromal cells including dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4, DPP8, DPP9, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 in mixed human-mouse biological samples. Using single species RNA samples and mixed human-mouse RNA samples, we formulated and characterized two-step real-time RT-PCR assays to quantitate expression of the indicated transcripts and described analytical performance of the assays. We also demonstrated the applicability of these assays for species-specific quantitation of transcriptional expression of mouse stromal cell genes including Dpp4, Dpp8, Dpp9, Fap and Cxcr4 in mixed human-mouse RNA samples from human glioma cell-derived tumor xenografts growing in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evzen Krepela
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Busek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Hilser
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdislava Vanickova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Sedo
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Zapletal E, Cupic B, Gabrilovac J. Expression, subcellular localisation, and possible roles of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) in murine macrophages. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:124-137. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Zapletal
- Laboratory for Experimental Haematology, Immunology and Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Barbara Cupic
- Laboratory for Experimental Haematology, Immunology and Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jelka Gabrilovac
- Laboratory for Experimental Haematology, Immunology and Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine; Rudjer Boskovic Institute; Zagreb Croatia
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Moreira-Filho CA, Bando SY, Bertonha FB, Silva FN, Costa Lda F, Ferreira LR, Furlanetto G, Chacur P, Zerbini MC, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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42
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Okondo MC, Johnson DC, Sridharan R, Go EB, Chui AJ, Wang MS, Poplawski SE, Wu W, Liu Y, Lai JH, Sanford DG, Arciprete MO, Golub TR, Bachovchin WW, Bachovchin DA. DPP8 and DPP9 inhibition induces pro-caspase-1-dependent monocyte and macrophage pyroptosis. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:46-53. [PMID: 27820798 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Val-boroPro (Talabostat, PT-100), a nonselective inhibitor of post-proline cleaving serine proteases, stimulates mammalian immune systems through an unknown mechanism of action. Despite this lack of mechanistic understanding, Val-boroPro has attracted substantial interest as a potential anticancer agent, reaching phase 3 trials in humans. Here we show that Val-boroPro stimulates the immune system by triggering a proinflammatory form of cell death in monocytes and macrophages known as pyroptosis. We demonstrate that the inhibition of two serine proteases, DPP8 and DPP9, activates the pro-protein form of caspase-1 independent of the inflammasome adaptor ASC. Activated pro-caspase-1 does not efficiently process itself or IL-1β but does cleave and activate gasdermin D to induce pyroptosis. Mice lacking caspase-1 do not show immune stimulation after treatment with Val-boroPro. Our data identify what is to our knowledge the first small molecule that induces pyroptosis and reveals a new checkpoint that controls the activation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Okondo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darren C Johnson
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramya Sridharan
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eun Bin Go
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley J Chui
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell S Wang
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah E Poplawski
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wengen Wu
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack H Lai
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David G Sanford
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael O Arciprete
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Bachovchin
- Department of Developmental, Chemical &Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel A Bachovchin
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
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Justa-Schuch D, Silva-Garcia M, Pilla E, Engelke M, Kilisch M, Lenz C, Möller U, Nakamura F, Urlaub H, Geiss-Friedlander R. DPP9 is a novel component of the N-end rule pathway targeting the tyrosine kinase Syk. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27614019 PMCID: PMC5039030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopeptidase DPP9 removes dipeptides from N-termini of substrates having a proline or alanine in second position. Although linked to several pathways including cell survival and metabolism, the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are poorly understood. We identified a novel interaction of DPP9 with Filamin A, which recruits DPP9 to Syk, a central kinase in B-cell signalling. Syk signalling can be terminated by degradation, requiring the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl. We show that DPP9 cleaves Syk to produce a neo N-terminus with serine in position 1. Pulse-chases combined with mutagenesis studies reveal that Ser1 strongly influences Syk stability. Furthermore, DPP9 silencing reduces Cbl interaction with Syk, suggesting that DPP9 processing is a prerequisite for Syk ubiquitination. Consistently, DPP9 inhibition stabilizes Syk, thereby modulating Syk signalling. Taken together, we demonstrate DPP9 as a negative regulator of Syk and conclude that DPP9 is a novel integral aminopeptidase of the N-end rule pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Justa-Schuch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Silva-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Esther Pilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Engelke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kilisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Möller
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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44
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Wilson CH, Zhang HE, Gorrell MD, Abbott CA. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 substrates and their discovery: current progress and the application of mass spectrometry-based approaches. Biol Chem 2016; 397:837-56. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene family have the very unusual capacity to cleave the post-proline bond to release dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptide/protein substrates. DPP4 and related enzymes are current and potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of type II diabetes, inflammatory conditions and cancer. Despite this, the precise biological function of individual dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs), other than DPP4, and knowledge of their in vivo substrates remains largely unknown. For many years, identification of physiological DPP substrates has been difficult due to limitations in the available tools. Now, with advances in mass spectrometry based approaches, we can discover DPP substrates on a system wide-scale. Application of these approaches has helped reveal some of the in vivo natural substrates of DPP8 and DPP9 and their unique biological roles. In this review, we provide a general overview of some tools and approaches available for protease substrate discovery and their applicability to the DPPs with a specific focus on DPP9 substrates. This review provides comment upon potential approaches for future substrate elucidation.
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45
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Henderson JM, Zhang HE, Polak N, Gorrell MD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Mouse models and the potential roles of proteases. Cancer Lett 2016; 387:106-113. [PMID: 27045475 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the second most common cause of mortality from cancer. The most common models of hepatocellular carcinoma, which use a chemical and/or metabolic insult, xenograft, or genetic manipulation, are discussed in this review. In the tumour microenvironment lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and antigen presenting cells are important determinants of cell fate. These cells make a range of proteases that modify the biological activity of other proteins, particularly extracellular matrix proteins that alter cell migration of tumour cells, fibroblasts and leucocytes, and chemokines that alter leucocyte migration. The DPP4 family of post-proline peptidase enzymes modifies cell movement and the activities of many bioactive molecules including growth factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Henderson
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Natasa Polak
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia.
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46
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Wagner L, Klemann C, Stephan M, von Hörsten S. Unravelling the immunological roles of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity and/or structure homologue (DASH) proteins. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184:265-83. [PMID: 26671446 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 (CD26, DPP4) is a multi-functional protein involved in T cell activation by co-stimulation via its association with adenosine deaminase (ADA), caveolin-1, CARMA-1, CD45, mannose-6-phosphate/insulin growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFII-R) and C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXC-R4). The proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidase also modulates the bioactivity of several chemokines. However, a number of enzymes displaying either DPP4-like activities or representing structural homologues have been discovered in the past two decades and are referred to as DPP4 activity and/or structure homologue (DASH) proteins. Apart from DPP4, DASH proteins include fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP), DPP8, DPP9, DPP4-like protein 1 (DPL1, DPP6, DPPX L, DPPX S), DPP4-like protein 2 (DPL2, DPP10) from the DPP4-gene family S9b and structurally unrelated enzyme DPP2, displaying DPP4-like activity. In contrast, DPP6 and DPP10 lack enzymatic DPP4-like activity. These DASH proteins play important roles in the immune system involving quiescence (DPP2), proliferation (DPP8/DPP9), antigen-presenting (DPP9), co-stimulation (DPP4), T cell activation (DPP4), signal transduction (DPP4, DPP8 and DPP9), differentiation (DPP4, DPP8) and tissue remodelling (DPP4, FAP). Thus, they are involved in many pathophysiological processes and have therefore been proposed for potential biomarkers or even drug targets in various cancers (DPP4 and FAP) and inflammatory diseases (DPP4, DPP8/DPP9). However, they also pose the challenge of drug selectivity concerning other DASH members for better efficacy and/or avoidance of unwanted side effects. Therefore, this review unravels the complex roles of DASH proteins in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wagner
- Deutschsprachige Selbsthilfegruppe für Alkaptonurie (DSAKU) e.V, Stuttgart.,Department for Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Klemann
- Centre of Paediatric Surgery.,Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - M Stephan
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - S von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Chen Y, Gall MG, Zhang H, Keane FM, McCaughan GW, Yu DMT, Gorrell MD. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 enzymatic activity influences the expression of neonatal metabolic genes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:72-82. [PMID: 26930324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibition as a type 2 diabetes therapy has encouraged deeper examination of the post-proline DPP enzymes. DPP9 has been implicated in immunoregulation, disease pathogenesis and metabolism. The DPP9 enzyme-inactive (Dpp9 gene knock-in; Dpp9 gki) mouse displays neonatal lethality, suggesting that DPP9 enzyme activity is essential in neonatal development. Here we present gene expression patterns in these Dpp9 gki neonatal mice. Taqman PCR arrays and sequential qPCR assays on neonatal liver and gut revealed differential expression of genes involved in cell growth, innate immunity and metabolic pathways including long-chain-fatty-acid uptake and esterification, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding, trafficking and transport into mitochondria, lipoprotein metabolism, adipokine transport and gluconeogenesis in the Dpp9 gki mice compared to wild type. In a liver cell line, Dpp9 knockdown increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, which suggests a potential mechanism. DPP9 protein levels in liver cells were altered by treatment with EGF, HGF, insulin or palmitate, suggesting potential natural DPP9 regulators. These gene expression analyses of a mouse strain deficient in DPP9 enzyme activity show, for the first time, that DPP9 enzyme activity regulates metabolic pathways in neonatal liver and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Chen
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret G Gall
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Keane
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denise M T Yu
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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48
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Abstract
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was the first in its class to receive approval from the US FDA in 2006 for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials and has several attractive features as an antidiabetic agent, including a low risk for hypoglycemia, a neutral effect on weight, and an ability to be used in chronic kidney disease and more. This article provides an up-to-date discussion of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lee
- Emory University School of Medicine, Medicine/Endocrinology, 1303 Woodruff Memorial Research Building,101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 1303, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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49
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Heirbaut L, van Goethem S, Jansen K, de Winter H, Lamoen N, Joossens J, Cheng J, Chen X, Lambeir AM, de Meester I, Augustyns K, van der Veken P. Probing for improved selectivity with dipeptide-derived inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9: the impact of P1-variation. Med Chem Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of P1-variation on DPP8/9 inhibitor selectivity is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Heirbaut
- Medicinal Chemistry/UAMC
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | | | - Koen Jansen
- Medicinal Chemistry/UAMC
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Hans de Winter
- Medicinal Chemistry/UAMC
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Nicole Lamoen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wirijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Medicinal Chemistry/UAMC
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | | | - Xin Chen
- National Health Research Institutes
- Zhunan
- Taiwan
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wirijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Ingrid de Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wirijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Medicinal Chemistry/UAMC
- University of Antwerp
- B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp
- Belgium
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50
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Arizpe A, Rodríguez-Mata M, Sayago FJ, Pueyo MJ, Gotor V, Jiménez AI, Gotor-Fernández V, Cativiela C. Enzymatic and chromatographic resolution procedures applied to the synthesis of the phosphoproline enantiomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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