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Hempel EM, Bharmal A, Li G, Minhas A, Manan R, Doull K, Hamilton L, Cheung B, Chan M, Gunadasa K, Chow R, Lee T, Tsang F, Krajden M, Mooder K, Kassan T, Prystajecky N, Jassem A, Hoang LMN. Prospective, clinical comparison of self-collected throat-bilateral nares swabs and saline gargle compared to health care provider collected nasopharyngeal swabs among symptomatic outpatients with potential SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2024; 8:283-298. [PMID: 38250616 PMCID: PMC10797771 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background In British Columbia (BC), self-collected saline gargle (SG) is the only alternative to health care provider (HCP)-collected nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs to detect SARS-CoV-2 in an outpatient setting by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, some individuals cannot perform a SG. Our study aimed to assess combined throat-bilateral nares (TN) swabbing as a swab-based alternative. Methods Symptomatic individuals greater than 12 years of age seeking a COVID-19 PCR test at one of two COVID-19 collection centres in Metro Vancouver were asked to participate in this study. Participants provided a HCP-collected NP sample and a self-collected SG and TN sample for PCR testing, which were either HCP observed or unobserved. Results Three-hundred and eleven individuals underwent all three collections. Compared against HCP-NP, SG was 99% sensitive and 98% specific (kappa 0.97) and TN was 99% sensitive and 99% specific (kappa 0.98). Using the final clinical test interpretation as the reference standard, NP was 98% sensitive and 100% specific (kappa 0.98), and both SG and TN were 99% sensitive and 100% specific (both kappa 0.99). Mean cycle threshold values for each viral target were higher in SG specimens compared to the other sample types; however, this did not significantly impact the clinical performance, because the positivity rates were similar. The clinical performance of all specimen types was comparable within the first 7 days of symptom onset, regardless of the observation method. SG self-collections were rated the most acceptable, followed by TN. Conclusions TN provides another less invasive self-collection modality for symptomatic outpatient SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Hempel
- Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aamir Bharmal
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Response, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guiyun Li
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aileen Minhas
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramndip Manan
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathy Doull
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynsey Hamilton
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Knowledge Translation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Branco Cheung
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Chan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kingsley Gunadasa
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ron Chow
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracy Lee
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frankie Tsang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Mooder
- Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trushna Kassan
- Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda MN Hoang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Camirand Lemyre F, Honfo SH, Caya C, Cheng MP, Colwill K, Corsini R, Gingras AC, Jassem A, Krajden M, Márquez AC, Mazer BD, McLennan M, Renaud C, Yansouni CP, Papenburg J, Lewin A. Two-phase Bayesian latent class analysis to assess diagnostic test performance in the absence of a gold standard: COVID-19 serological assays as a proof of concept. Vox Sang 2023; 118:1069-1077. [PMID: 37850270 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this proof-of-concept study, which included blood donor samples, we aimed to demonstrate how Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) could be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the absence of a gold standard assay under a two-phase sampling design. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, 6810 plasma samples from blood donors who resided in Québec (Canada) were collected from May to July 2020 and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using seven serological assays (five commercial and two non-commercial). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated at 0.71% (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.53%-0.92%). The cPass assay had the lowest sensitivity estimate (88.7%; 95% CrI = 80.6%-94.7%), while the Héma-Québec assay had the highest (98.7%; 95% CrI = 97.0%-99.6%). CONCLUSION The estimated low seroprevalence (which indicates a relatively limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Quebec) might change rapidly-and this tool, developed using blood donors, could enable a rapid update of the prevalence estimate in the absence of a gold standard. Further, the present analysis illustrates how a two-stage BLCM sampling design, along with blood donor samples, can be used to estimate the performance of new diagnostic tests and inform public health decisions regarding a new or emerging disease for which a perfect reference standard does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Camirand Lemyre
- Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sewanou Hermann Honfo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chelsea Caya
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Optilab Montreal - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Corsini
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, Secretariat, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meghan McLennan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Renaud
- Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric P Yansouni
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Optilab Montreal - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Optilab Montreal - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Reddon H, Barker B, Bartlett S, Márquez AC, Sekirov I, Jassem A, Morshed M, Clemens A, Beck McGreevy P, Hayashi K, DeBeck K, Krajden M, Milloy MJ, Socías ME. Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among structurally-marginalized people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17930. [PMID: 37863999 PMCID: PMC10589278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the rates and predictors of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among members of a structurally-marginalized population of people who use drugs (PWUD) during a targeted, community-wide, vaccination campaign in Vancouver, Canada. Interviewer-administered data were collected from study participants between June 2021 and March 2022. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake, ascertained through a province-wide vaccine registry. Among 223 PWUD, 107 (48.0%) reported receipt of at least two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses at baseline and this increased to 151 (67.7%) by the end of the study period. Using social media as a source of vaccine information was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.81) and HIV seropositivity (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.12-6.39) and older age (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.51) were positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake. These findings suggest that the targeted vaccination campaign in Vancouver may be an effective model to promote SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in other jurisdictions. However, using social media as a source of vaccine information likely reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake in PWUD arguing for further efforts to promote accessible and evidence-based vaccine information among marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Reddon
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada.
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Brittany Barker
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sofia Bartlett
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Ari Clemens
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | | | - Kanna Hayashi
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kora DeBeck
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Maria Eugenia Socías
- BC Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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4
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Wilks SH, Mühlemann B, Shen X, Türeli S, LeGresley EB, Netzl A, Caniza MA, Chacaltana-Huarcaya JN, Corman VM, Daniell X, Datto MB, Dawood FS, Denny TN, Drosten C, Fouchier RAM, Garcia PJ, Halfmann PJ, Jassem A, Jeworowski LM, Jones TC, Kawaoka Y, Krammer F, McDanal C, Pajon R, Simon V, Stockwell MS, Tang H, van Bakel H, Veguilla V, Webby R, Montefiori DC, Smith DJ. Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses. Science 2023; 382:eadj0070. [PMID: 37797027 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, multiple variants escaping preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously exposed individuals. Here, we used antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among 21 variants and 15 groups of human sera obtained after primary infection with 10 different variants or after messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 or mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We found antigenic differences among pre-Omicron variants caused by substitutions at spike-protein positions 417, 452, 484, and 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time and with additional vaccine doses, our results show the largest increase between 4 weeks and >3 months after a second dose. We found changes in immunodominance of different spike regions, depending on the variant an individual was first exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine-strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eric B LeGresley
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Miguela A Caniza
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoju Daniell
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael B Datto
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Patricia J Garcia
- School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agatha Jassem
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara M Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa S Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haili Tang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vic Veguilla
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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5
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Wilks SH, Mühlemann B, Shen X, Türeli S, LeGresley EB, Netzl A, Caniza MA, Chacaltana-Huarcaya JN, Corman VM, Daniell X, Datto MB, Dawood FS, Denny TN, Drosten C, Fouchier RAM, Garcia PJ, Halfmann PJ, Jassem A, Jeworowski LM, Jones TC, Kawaoka Y, Krammer F, McDanal C, Pajon R, Simon V, Stockwell MS, Tang H, van Bakel H, Veguilla V, Webby R, Montefiori DC, Smith DJ. Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses. bioRxiv 2023:2022.01.28.477987. [PMID: 35860221 PMCID: PMC9298128 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.28.477987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple variants escaping pre-existing immunity emerged, causing concerns about continued protection. Here, we use antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among a panel of 21 variants and 15 groups of human sera obtained following primary infection with 10 different variants or after mRNA-1273 or mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We find antigenic differences among pre-Omicron variants caused by substitutions at spike protein positions 417, 452, 484, and 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time and with additional vaccine doses, our results show the largest increase between 4 weeks and >3 months post-2nd dose. We find changes in immunodominance of different spike regions depending on the variant an individual was first exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eric B LeGresley
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Miguela A Caniza
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoju Daniell
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael B Datto
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Patricia J Garcia
- School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agatha Jassem
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara M Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa S Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haili Tang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vic Veguilla
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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6
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Fibke CD, Joffres Y, Tyson JR, Colijn C, Janjua NZ, Fjell C, Prystajecky N, Jassem A, Sbihi H. Spike Mutation Profiles Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Delta Emerging and Predominant Time Periods in British Columbia, Canada. Front Public Health 2022; 10:915363. [PMID: 35859775 PMCID: PMC9289444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.915363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccination is a key public health measure in the pandemic response. The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants introduce new groups of spike protein mutations. These new mutations are thought to aid in the evasion of vaccine-induced immunity and render vaccines less effective. However, not all spike mutations contribute equally to vaccine escape. Previous studies associate mutations with vaccine breakthrough infections (BTI), but information at the population level remains scarce. We aimed to identify spike mutations associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BTI in a community setting during the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant. Methods This case-control study used both genomic, and epidemiological data from a provincial COVID-19 surveillance program. Analyses were stratified into two periods approximating the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant, and restricted to primary SARS-CoV-2 infections from either unvaccinated individuals, or those infected ≥14 days after their second vaccination dose in a community setting. Each sample's spike mutations were concatenated into a unique spike mutation profile (SMP). Penalized logistic regression was used to identify spike mutations and SMPs associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BTI in both time periods. Results and Discussion This study reports population level relative risk estimates, between 2 and 4-folds, of spike mutation profiles associated with BTI during the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant, which comprised 19,624 and 17,331 observations, respectively. The identified mutations cover multiple spike domains including the N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1/S2 cleavage region, fusion peptide and heptad regions. Mutations in these different regions imply various mechanisms contribute to vaccine escape. Our profiling method identifies naturally occurring spike mutations associated with BTI, and can be applied to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel groups of spike mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D. Fibke
- BC Centre for Disease Control, UBC BCCDC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yayuk Joffres
- BC Center for Disease Control, Data and Analytics Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John R. Tyson
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caroline Colijn
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Naveed Z. Janjua
- BC Center for Disease Control, Data and Analytics Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Fjell
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hind Sbihi
- BC Center for Disease Control, Data and Analytics Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hind Sbihi
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7
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Haile S, Nikiforuk AM, Pandoh PK, Twa DD, Smailus DE, Nguyen J, Pleasance S, Wong A, Zhao Y, Eisler D, Moksa M, Cao Q, Wong M, Su E, Krzywinski M, Nelson J, Mungall AJ, Tsang F, Prentice LM, Jassem A, Manges AR, Jones SJ, Coope RJ, Prystajecky N, Marra MA, Krajden M, Hirst M. Optimization of magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction for SARS-CoV-2 testing using readily available reagents. J Virol Methods 2022; 299:114339. [PMID: 34687784 PMCID: PMC8527638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for generic reagents and flexible systems in diagnostic testing. Magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction protocols using 96-well plates on open liquid handlers are readily amenable to meet this need. Here, one such approach is rigorously optimized to minimize cross-well contamination while maintaining sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haile
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aidan M. Nikiforuk
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pawan K. Pandoh
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David D.W. Twa
- BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Duane E. Smailus
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Nguyen
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Pleasance
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angus Wong
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diane Eisler
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Moksa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcus Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edmund Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Krzywinski
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Nelson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mungall
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frankie Tsang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leah M. Prentice
- Provincial Laboratory Medicine Services, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amee R. Manges
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven J.M. Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin J. Coope
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A. Marra
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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8
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McClymont E, Elwood C, Sekirov I, Morshed M, Levett P, Liu A, Jassem A, Sbihi H, Ogilvie G, Krajden M, Money D. Population SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Using Antenatal Serum Samples in British Columbia, Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2021; 43:1242-1243. [PMID: 34758903 PMCID: PMC8572370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC
| | - Chelsea Elwood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Paul Levett
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Aaron Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Agatha Jassem
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Hind Sbihi
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Mel Krajden
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Deborah Money
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
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9
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Twa DD, Kuchinski K, Nikiforuk A, Krajden M, Prystajecky N, Jassem A, Sekirov I. Comparison of longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal specimens reveals the transcriptomic COVIDome. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574505 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective SARS-Cov-2 is well established to introduce a cytokine-like storm among select individuals that results in multisystem failure and death. Comorbidities, age, oxygen status, and real-time appraisal of inflammatory markers in the blood have been used to risk stratify patients, however, these clinical markers do not comprehensively characterize the at-risk population or disease course. To understand the molecular underpinnings of the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, here, we interrogated the transcriptomic profile of the nasopharyngeal tissue among paired SARS-CoV-2 specimens. Methods/Case Report We performed ribosomal depletion RNAseq on 24 primary samples, including 16 paired samples from 8 unique patients who converted between SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive status via clinical diagnostic qRT-PCR. Additional targeted qRT-PCR was performed for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in an extension sample of 54 paired specimens from 27 unique patients who converted in their SARS-CoV-2 status on the basis of the qRT- PCR test. Differential gene expression, differential correlative expression with ACE2, and correlative expression with viral load was used to identify genes, which were integral to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, so termed the COVIDome. Gene ontologies, pathways, and reactive infiltrate was assessed between specimens and compared with measures of clinical outcome using regression with appropriate correction for multiple hypotheses. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) We observed significant enrichment for ontologies of lymphocyte activation, specifically interferon gamma signaling; (P<1E-20) and platelet activation (P<1E-5). Genes specifically enriched across all three modules included: ADAMDEC1, EPSTI1, GRIP2, IRF7, KLHDC7B, OAS3, OASL, PIK3R4, RSAD2, and XAF1. Using CIBERSORT to approximate immune cell populations from bulk RNA, we observed and enrichment for CD4 immune cells, which was associated with viral status (P<0.01) while high-risk gene signatures were associated with measures of clinical outcome (P<0.05). Conclusion We characterized the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in longitudinal nasopharyngeal samples of COVID- 19 patients and related these molecular manifestations with measures of clinical outcome. As proof of principal, our findings suggest additional study in a large, longitudinal extension sample is warranted to validate and assess molecular features of clinical outcome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Twa
- Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
| | | | | | - M Krajden
- BCCDC, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA
| | | | - A Jassem
- BCCDC, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - I Sekirov
- BCCDC, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA
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10
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Caza M, Hogan CA, Jassem A, Prystajecky N, Hadzic A, Wilmer A. Evaluation of the clinical and analytical performance of the Seegene allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 variants I assay for the detection of variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interests (VOI). J Clin Virol 2021; 144:104996. [PMID: 34628158 PMCID: PMC8487322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background High-throughput assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and interest (VOI) are a diagnostic alternative when whole genome sequencing (WGS) is unavailable or limited. Objective This study evaluated the clinical and analytical performance of the Seegene Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Variants I assay, which detects the HV69/70 deletion, N501Y and E484K mutations of the S gene. Methods Genotyping was evaluated on -871 SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive specimens, 408 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and 463 saline gargle (SG) specimens, with WGS used as the reference standard. Analytical performance was assessed including stability, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), cross-reactivity and interference with various respiratory microorganisms. Results The clinical study revealed sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 99.27%–100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 98.99%–100%) for HV69/70 deletion, sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 99.55%–100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 93.73% – 100%) for N501Y, and sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 98.94% – 100%) and specificity of 98.10% (95% CI 96.53% – 99.08%) for E484K mutation. The E484Q mutation was detected in 10 specimens of the Kappa variant (B.1.627.1). Analytical performance demonstrated stability and reproducibility over 7 days, and LOD was calculated at 698 cp/mL for NP swab specimens, and 968 cp/mL for SG specimens. No interference or cross-reactivity with other microorganisms was noted. Conclusion The Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Variants I assay is acceptable for clinical use for the detection of variant of concern and variant of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Caza
- Larissa Yarr Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Catherine A Hogan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amir Hadzic
- Larissa Yarr Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda Wilmer
- Larissa Yarr Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Pearce ME, Yu A, Alvarez M, Bartlett SR, Binka M, Jeong D, Clementi E, Adu P, Wilton J, Yoshida EM, Pick N, Buxton JA, Wong J, Jassem A, Krajden M, Janjua NZ. Prenatal hepatitis C screening, diagnoses, and follow-up testing in British Columbia, 2008-2019. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244575. [PMID: 33382774 PMCID: PMC7775094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current guidelines in British Columbia recommend prenatal screening for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) if risk factors are present. We aimed to estimate frequency of prenatal anti-HCV testing, new diagnoses, repeated and follow-up testing among BC women. METHODS BC Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory data estimated the number of BC women (assigned female at birth or unknown sex) aged 13-49 who received routine prenatal serological screening (HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis and rubella) from 2008-2019. Anti-HCV tests ordered the same day as routine prenatal screens were considered prenatal anti-HCV tests. Assessment of follow-up was based on HCV RNA and/or genotype testing within one year of new prenatal anti-HCV diagnoses. RESULTS In 2019, 55,202 routine prenatal screens were carried out for 50,392 BC women. Prenatal anti-HCV tests increased significantly, from 19.6% (9,704/49,515) in 2008 to 54.6% (27,516/50,392) in 2019 (p<0.001). New prenatal anti-HCV diagnoses (HCV positive diagnoses at first test or seroconversions) declined from 14.3% in 2008 to 10.1% in 2019. The proportion of women with new prenatal anti-HCV diagnoses that were a result of a first HCV test declined from 0.3% (29/9,701) in 2008 to 0.03% (8/27,500) in 2019. For women known to be anti-HCV positive at the time of prenatal screening, the proportion who had a prenatal anti-HCV test increased from 35.6% in 2008 to 50.8% in 2019. CONCLUSION Prenatal anti-HCV testing increased substantially over the study period. However, new HCV diagnoses remained relatively stable, suggesting that a considerable proportion of BC women with low or no risk are being screened as part of prenatal care. The vast majority of women with new HCV diagnoses receive appropriate follow-up HCV RNA and genotype testing, which may indicate interest in HCV treatment. These findings contribute to the discussion around potential for prenatal anti-HCV screening in an effort to eliminate HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo E. Pearce
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda Yu
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Alvarez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofia R. Bartlett
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mawuena Binka
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dahn Jeong
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emilia Clementi
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Prince Adu
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James Wilton
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric M. Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neora Pick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane A. Buxton
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Wong
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naveed Z. Janjua
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Skowronski DM, Zou M, Clarke Q, Chambers C, Dickinson JA, Sabaiduc S, Olsha R, Gubbay JB, Drews SJ, Charest H, Winter AL, Jassem A, Murti M, Krajden M, De Serres G. Influenza Vaccine Does Not Increase the Risk of Coronavirus or Other Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses: Retrospective Analysis From Canada, 2010-2011 to 2016-2017. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:2285-2288. [PMID: 32442261 PMCID: PMC7314125 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza and noninfluenza respiratory viruses (NIRVs) was assessed by test-negative design using historic datasets of the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network, spanning 2010-2011 to 2016-2017. Vaccine significantly reduced the risk of influenza illness by >40% with no effect on coronaviruses or other NIRV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Macy Zou
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Quinten Clarke
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
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13
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Skowronski DM, Zou M, Sabaiduc S, Murti M, Olsha R, Dickinson JA, Gubbay JB, Croxen MA, Charest H, Jassem A, Krajden M, Bastien N, Li Y, De Serres G. Interim estimates of 2019/20 vaccine effectiveness during early-season co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, Canada, February 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32098644 PMCID: PMC7043051 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.7.2000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interim results from Canada's Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network show that during a season characterised by early co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, the 2019/20 influenza vaccine has provided substantial protection against medically-attended influenza illness. Adjusted VE overall was 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47 to 66): 44% (95% CI: 26 to 58) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 62% (95% CI: 37 to 77) for A(H3N2) and 69% (95% CI: 57 to 77) for influenza B viruses, predominantly B/Victoria lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Macy Zou
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew A Croxen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
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14
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Skowronski DM, Chambers C, De Serres G, Sabaiduc S, Winter AL, Dickinson JA, Gubbay JB, Drews SJ, Fonseca K, Charest H, Martineau C, Hickman R, Chan T, Jassem A, Petric M, Rose C, Bastien N, Li Y, Krajden M. Vaccine Effectiveness Against Lineage-matched and -mismatched Influenza B Viruses Across 8 Seasons in Canada, 2010-2011 to 2017-2018. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1754-1757. [PMID: 30312364 PMCID: PMC6495010 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza B was derived separately for Victoria and Yamagata lineages across 8 seasons (2010–2011 to 2017–2018) in Canada when trivalent influenza vaccine was predominantly used. VE was ≥50% regardless of lineage match to circulating viruses, except when the vaccine strain was unchanged from the prior season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec).,Laval University, Toronto.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (University Hospital Centre of Quebec), Toronto
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton.,University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | - Kevin Fonseca
- University of Calgary, Alberta.,Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Calgary
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec).,Université de Montréal, Québec, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Christine Martineau
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec).,Université de Montréal, Québec, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - Tracy Chan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | - Caren Rose
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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15
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Skowronski DM, Leir S, De Serres G, Murti M, Dickinson JA, Winter AL, Olsha R, Croxen MA, Drews SJ, Charest H, Martineau C, Sabaiduc S, Bastien N, Li Y, Petric M, Jassem A, Krajden M, Gubbay JB. Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30994107 PMCID: PMC6470369 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.15.1900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Findings from the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) suggest children were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic. Aim To compare the age distribution of A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 2018/19 to prior seasonal influenza epidemics in Canada. Methods The age distribution of unvaccinated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and test-negative controls were compared across A(H1N1)pdm09-dominant epidemics in 2018/19, 2015/16 and 2013/14 and with the general population of SPSN provinces. Similar comparisons were undertaken for influenza A(H3N2)-dominant epidemics. Results In 2018/19, more influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases were under 10 years old than controls (29% vs 16%; p < 0.001). In particular, children aged 5–9 years comprised 14% of cases, greater than their contribution to controls (4%) or the general population (5%) and at least twice their contribution in 2015/16 (7%; p < 0.001) or 2013/14 (5%; p < 0.001). Conversely, children aged 10–19 years (11% of the population) were under-represented among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases versus controls in 2018/19 (7% vs 12%; p < 0.001), 2015/16 (7% vs 13%; p < 0.001) and 2013/14 (9% vs 12%; p = 0.12). Conclusion Children under 10 years old contributed more to outpatient A(H1N1)pdm09 medical visits in 2018/19 than prior seasonal epidemics in Canada. In 2018/19, all children under 10 years old were born after the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and therefore lacked pandemic-induced immunity. In addition, more than half those born after 2009 now attend school (i.e. 5–9-year-olds), a socio-behavioural context that may enhance transmission and did not apply during prior A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siobhan Leir
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Matthew A Croxen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Agatha Jassem
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Tindale LC, Baticados W, Duan J, Coombe M, Jassem A, Tang P, Uyaguari-Diaz M, Moore R, Himsworth C, Hsiao W, Prystajecky N. Extraction and Detection of Avian Influenza Virus From Wetland Sediment Using Enrichment-Based Targeted Resequencing. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:301. [PMID: 32548133 PMCID: PMC7273442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early virus detection and characterization is key to successful avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance for the health of humans as well as domestic poultry. We explored a novel sampling approach and molecular strategy using sediment from wetlands and outdoor waterbodies on poultry farms as a population-level proxy of AIV activity in waterfowls. RNA was extracted using the MoBio RNA PowerSoil Total RNA isolation kit with additional chloroform extraction steps to reduce PCR inhibition. AIV matrix protein (MP) gene was detected in 42/345 (12.2%) samples by RT-qPCR; an additional 64 (18.6%) samples showed evidence of amplification below the threshold and were categorized as “suspect positive.” Enrichment-based targeted resequencing (TR) identified AIV sequences in 79/345 (22.9%) samples. TR probes were designed for MP, hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA), however PB2 and PA were also identified. Although RT-qPCR and TR only had fair-moderate agreement, RT-qPCR positivity was predictive of TR-positivity both when using only strictly positive RT-qPCR samples (OR = 11.29) and when coding suspect positives as positive (OR = 7.56). This indicates that RT-qPCR could be used as a screening tool to select samples for virus characterization by TR and that future studies should consider RT-qPCR suspect positives to be positive samples for subsequent resequencing when avoiding false negatives is the priority, for instance in a diagnostic test, and to consider suspect positives to be negative samples when cost efficiency over a large number of samples is the priority, for instance in a surveillance program. A total of 13 HA (H1-7, H9-13, H16) and 9 NA (N1-9) subtypes were identified, with a maximum of 8 HA and 8 NA subtypes detected in a single sample. The optimized RNA extraction and targeted resequencing methods provided increased virus detection and subtyping characterization that could be implemented in an AIV surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tindale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Waren Baticados
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Coombe
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Miguel Uyaguari-Diaz
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chelsea Himsworth
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - William Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Skowronski DM, Leir S, Sabaiduc S, Chambers C, Zou M, Rose C, Olsha R, Dickinson JA, Winter AL, Jassem A, Gubbay JB, Drews SJ, Charest H, Chan T, Hickman R, Bastien N, Li Y, Krajden M, De Serres G. Influenza vaccine effectiveness by A(H3N2) phylogenetic sub-cluster and prior vaccination history: 2016-17 and 2017-18 epidemics in Canada. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1387-1398. [PMID: 32215564 PMCID: PMC9016427 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influenza A(H3N2) vaccine was updated from clade 3C.3a in 2015–2016 to 3C.2a for 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Circulating 3C.2a viruses showed considerable hemagglutinin glycoprotein diversification and the egg-adapted vaccine also bore mutations. Methods Vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 was assessed by test-negative design, explored by A(H3N2) phylogenetic subcluster and prior season’s vaccination history. Results In 2016–2017, A(H3N2) VE was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%–50%), comparable with (43%; 95% CI, 24%–58%) or without (33%; 95% CI, −21% to 62%) prior season’s vaccination. In 2017–2018, VE was 14% (95% CI, −8% to 31%), lower with (9%; 95% CI, −18% to 30%) versus without (45%; 95% CI, −7% to 71%) prior season’s vaccination. In 2016–2017, VE against predominant clade 3C.2a1 viruses was 33% (95% CI, 11%–50%): 18% (95% CI, −40% to 52%) for 3C.2a1a defined by a pivotal T135K loss of glycosylation; 60% (95% CI, 19%–81%) for 3C.2a1b (without T135K); and 31% (95% CI, 2%–51%) for other 3C.2a1 variants (with/without T135K). VE against 3C.2a2 viruses was 45% (95% CI, 2%–70%) in 2016–2017 but 15% (95% CI, −7% to 33%) in 2017–2018 when 3C.2a2 predominated. VE against 3C.2a1b in 2017–2018 was 37% (95% CI, −57% to 75%), lower at 12% (95% CI, −129% to 67%) for a new 3C.2a1b subcluster (n = 28) also bearing T135K. Conclusions Exploring VE by phylogenetic subcluster and prior vaccination history reveals informative heterogeneity. Pivotal mutations affecting glycosylation sites, and repeat vaccination using unchanged antigen, may reduce VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siobhan Leir
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Macy Zou
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caren Rose
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tracy Chan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rebecca Hickman
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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18
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Eisler D, Fornika D, Tindale LC, Chan T, Sabaiduc S, Hickman R, Chambers C, Krajden M, Skowronski DM, Jassem A, Hsiao W. Influenza Classification Suite: An automated Galaxy workflow for rapid influenza sequence analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:358-362. [PMID: 32064792 PMCID: PMC7182599 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses continually evolve to evade population immunity, and the different lineages are assigned into clades based on shared mutations. We have developed a publicly available computational workflow, the Influenza Classification Suite, for rapid clade mapping of sequenced influenza viruses. This suite provides a user‐friendly workflow implemented in Galaxy to automate clade calling and antigenic site extraction. Workflow input includes clade definition and amino acid index array files, which can be customized to identify any clades of interest. The Influenza Classification Suite provides rapid, high‐resolution understanding of circulating influenza strain evolution to inform influenza vaccine effectiveness and the need for potential vaccine reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Eisler
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan Fornika
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren C Tindale
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tracy Chan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Hickman
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catharine Chambers
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William Hsiao
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Skowronski DM, Sabaiduc S, Leir S, Rose C, Zou M, Murti M, Dickinson JA, Olsha R, Gubbay JB, Croxen MA, Charest H, Bastien N, Li Y, Jassem A, Krajden M, De Serres G. Paradoxical clade- and age-specific vaccine effectiveness during the 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) epidemic in Canada: potential imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV). Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1900585. [PMID: 31771709 PMCID: PMC6864978 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.46.1900585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network reports vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) epidemic.AimTo explain a paradoxical signal of increased clade 3C.3a risk among 35-54-year-old vaccinees, we hypothesise childhood immunological imprinting and a cohort effect following the 1968 influenza A(H3N2) pandemic.MethodsWe assessed VE by test-negative design for influenza A(H3N2) overall and for co-circulating clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a. VE variation by age in 2018/19 was compared with amino acid variation in the haemagglutinin glycoprotein by year since 1968.ResultsInfluenza A(H3N2) VE was 17% (95% CI: -13 to 39) overall: 27% (95% CI: -7 to 50) for 3C.2a1b and -32% (95% CI: -119 to 21) for 3C.3a. Among 20-64-year-olds, VE was -7% (95% CI: -56 to 26): 6% (95% CI: -49 to 41) for 3C.2a1b and -96% (95% CI: -277 to -2) for 3C.3a. Clade 3C.3a VE showed a pronounced negative dip among 35-54-year-olds in whom the odds of medically attended illness were > 4-fold increased for vaccinated vs unvaccinated participants (p < 0.005). This age group was primed in childhood to influenza A(H3N2) viruses that for two decades following the 1968 pandemic bore a serine at haemagglutinin position 159, in common with contemporary 3C.3a viruses but mismatched to 3C.2a vaccine strains instead bearing tyrosine.DiscussionImprinting by the first childhood influenza infection is known to confer long-lasting immunity focused toward priming epitopes. Our findings suggest vaccine mismatch may negatively interact with imprinted immunity. The immunological mechanisms for imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siobhan Leir
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caren Rose
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Macy Zou
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew A Croxen
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
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20
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Locher K, Roscoe D, Jassem A, Wong T, Hoang LMN, Charles M, Bryce E, Grant J, Stefanovic A. FilmArray respiratory panel assay: An effective method for detecting viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in bronchoscopy specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:114880. [PMID: 31607515 PMCID: PMC7132745 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA RP) is a rapid multiplexed molecular assay approved for detection of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in nasopharyngeal specimens. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel v1.7 on bronchoscopy specimens. We tested 133 bronchial specimens (87 archived and 46 prospectively collected) with the FA RP and compared the results to the Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel (NxTAG RPP). After discordant analysis, 123 specimens gave concordant results using the FA RP and the NxTAG RPP for an overall agreement of 93.9% (kappa = 0.88 [95% CI 0.80–0.96]), a positive percent agreement of 93.7% (95% CI 83.7–97.7) and a negative percent agreement of 94.1% (95% CI 84.9–98.1). In conclusion, the BioFire FilmArray RP performed reliably to detect a broad range of respiratory pathogens in bronchoscopy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Locher
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Diane Roscoe
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Titus Wong
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda M N Hoang
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marthe Charles
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bryce
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Grant
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Chambers C, Skowronski DM, Rose C, Serres GD, Winter AL, Dickinson JA, Jassem A, Gubbay JB, Fonseca K, Drews SJ, Charest H, Martineau C, Petric M, Krajden M. Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness? Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy211. [PMID: 30263903 PMCID: PMC6143149 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males (absolute difference [AD], 11%; P = .03). Sex differences were greatest for influenza A(H3N2) (AD, 17%; P = .07) and B(Victoria) (AD, 20%; P = .08) compared with A(H1N1)pdm09 (AD, 10%; P = .19) or B(Yamagata) (AD, –3%; P = .68). They were also more pronounced in older adults ≥50 years (AD, 19%; P = .03) compared with those <20 years (AD, 4%; P = .74) or 20–49 years (AD, –1%; P = .90) but with variation by subtype/lineage. More definitive investigations of VE by sex and age are warranted to elucidate these potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Chambers
- Communicable Diseases and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- Communicable Diseases and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caren Rose
- Communicable Diseases and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Direction of Biological and Occupational Risks, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Infection and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Luise Winter
- Communicable Diseases, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - James A Dickinson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Fonseca
- Diagnostic Virology Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Calgary, Canada.,Diagnostic Virology University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Diagnostic Virology Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Martin Petric
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Li L, Puddicombe D, Champagne S, Jassem A, Krajden M, Merrick L, Lowe C, Payne M. HIV serology signal-to-cutoff ratio as a rapid method to predict confirmation of HIV infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1589-1593. [PMID: 29862422 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early and rapid detection of patients with HIV is a key to preventing further transmission. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratio from initial screening fourth-generation HIV serology to predict subsequent confirmation of HIV. Patients with a first-time positive HIV serology (S/CO ratio ≥ 1) from 2012 to 2016 were included. Ratios were compared to the results of confirmatory testing. Predictive probabilities (PPs) of a positive confirmatory result were calculated based on a logistic regression model. A total of 45,138 HIV serology tests were performed; 250 patients met inclusion criteria, comprising 84 (34%) HIV negative patients, 136 (54%) chronic infections, and 30 (12%) acute infections. The PP of a confirmed positive result increased with higher S/CO ratios, with a PP of 100% for a S/CO of 55 (95% CI 95-100). This study enables a more informed discussion of the probability of HIV infection, based on HIV serology S/CO thresholds, prior to a confirmatory result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Puddicombe
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Champagne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda Merrick
- Division of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Christopher Lowe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Michael Payne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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23
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Wong T, Stefanovic A, Locher K, Bryce E, Grant JM, Connolly E, Woznow T, Charles M, Hoang LM, Jassem A, Roscoe D. BioFire FilmArray Decreases Infection Control Isolation Times by 4 days in ICU, BMT and Respiratory Wards. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5631390 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel, rapid, syndromic testing of patients presenting with respiratory infections has the potential to improve patient access and care by decreasing time to diagnosis. BioFire FilmArray (BioFire Diagnostics, bioMerieux) is a cartridge-based, multiplex PCR platform capable of detecting 17 viral and 3 bacterial targets in one hour. This study assessed the impact of implementing this technology on the duration of infection control isolation. Methods A randomized control trial in a 900-bed tertiary-care academic hospital was conducted between December 2016 and January 2017. Fifty consecutive samples of patients with respiratory infections on our ICU, BMT and Respiratory wards to received either BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (BF) diagnostic testing or our routine diagnostic testing (RO) consisting of an influenza A/B/RSV PCR (in-house) followed by Luminex NxTag Respiratory Pathogen Panel that was batched at a reference lab. Five patient charts with missing data were excluded from analysis. Statistical analysis was completed using RStudio Version 1.0.136 – © 2009–2016 RStudio, Inc. Results Patients randomized to the BF arm remained on respiratory isolation precautions on average (42.3 ± 72.9 hours) over 100 hours less than patients randomized to the routine arm (151.3 ± 151.8 hours) (95% CI: 35.6–184.4 hours, P = 0.0052). Conclusion Implementing the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel decreased infection control isolation time by approximately 4 days compared with routine testing; further study is warranted to determine the impact of this technology on patient outcomes and cost benefit. Disclosures T. Wong, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research grant A. Stefanovic, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research grant E. Bryce, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research grant J. M. Grant, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research grant D. Roscoe, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research grant
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Wong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kerstin Locher
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bryce
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Grant
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eithne Connolly
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tracey Woznow
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marthe Charles
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda Mn Hoang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BCCDC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BCCDC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diane Roscoe
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Skowronski DM, Chambers C, Sabaiduc S, Dickinson JA, Winter AL, De Serres G, Drews SJ, Jassem A, Gubbay JB, Charest H, Balshaw R, Bastien N, Li Y, Krajden M. Interim estimates of 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2), Canada, January 2017. Euro Surveill 2017; 22:30460. [PMID: 28205503 PMCID: PMC5316907 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.6.30460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a test-negative design, the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) assessed interim 2016/17 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against dominant influenza A(H3N2) viruses considered antigenically matched to the clade 3C.2a vaccine strain. Sequence analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in emerging 3C.2a1 variants by province and over time. Adjusted VE was 42% (95% confidence interval: 18-59%) overall, with variation by province. Interim virological and VE findings reported here warrant further investigation to inform potential vaccine reformulation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Canada/epidemiology
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Middle Aged
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Seasons
- Sentinel Surveillance
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
- Vaccine Potency
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Suzana Sabaiduc
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec), Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (University Hospital Centre of Quebec), Québec, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Agatha Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (National Institute of Health of Quebec), Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Balshaw
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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Jassem A, Krajden M, Getman D, Hovey P, Hentzen C, Barakat N, Jiang A. Comparative evaluation of the Aptima HSV 1&2 assay and a lab developed real-time PCR test for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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