1
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Adachi E, Murakoshi M, Shibata T, Shimozawa K, Sakuma H, Kishida C, Gohda T, Suzuki Y. Progranulin deficiency attenuates tubulointerstitial injury in a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Exp Anim 2024:23-0080. [PMID: 38369347 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) may have two opposing effects-inflammation and anti-inflammation-in different diseases. Although previous studies have reported that PGRN is involved in liver fibrosis, its involvement in tubulointerstitial fibrosis remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated these issues using PGRN-knockout (KO) mice treated with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Eight-week-old male PGRN-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized 3 and 7 days following UUO, and their kidneys were harvested for histopathological analysis. The renal expression of PGRN was evaluated by immunohistochemical and/or western blot analyses. The renal mRNA levels of markers related to inflammation (Il1b, Tnf, Il6, Ccl2, and Adgre1) and fibrosis (Tgfb1, Acta2, Fn1, and Col1a2) were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Histological changes such as renal tubular atrophy, urinary casts, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were significantly improved in UUO-KO mice compared with UUO-WT mice. Quantitative PCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels of all inflammation- and fibrosis-related markers were lower in UUO-KO mice than in UUO-WT mice at 3 and/or 7 days after UUO. Moreover, PGRN and GRN protein levels were higher in the kidneys of UUO-WT mice than in mice that did not undergo UUO. Elevated GRN levels associated with excess PGRN levels may be involved in the occurrence of renal inflammation and fibrosis in UUO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Terumi Shibata
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kenta Shimozawa
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Hiroko Sakuma
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Chiaki Kishida
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
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2
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Wada S, Komori T, de Jesus CS, Nomura T, Komura T, Yonekura S, Shibuya R, Adachi E, Sakurai Y, Ishikawa M, Usui S, Kambe N, Kabashima K. Anti-BP180, pruritus, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokines as surrogate markers for disease activity in bullous pemphigoid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e1061-e1063. [PMID: 35857404 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Wada
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Komori
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C S de Jesus
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery for Intractable Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Komura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Shibuya
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Sakurai
- Department of Dermatology, Saiseikai Noe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Usui
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Kambe
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Murakoshi M, Gohda T, Sakuma H, Shibata T, Adachi E, Kishida C, Ichikawa S, Koshida T, Kamei N, Suzuki Y. Progranulin and Its Receptor Predict Kidney Function Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849457. [PMID: 35432201 PMCID: PMC9012489 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN), a growth factor, is abundantly expressed in a broad range of tissues and cell types with pleiotropic functions including inflammation, neurodegeneration, and facilitating lysosome acidification. PGRN binds to TNF receptors (TNFR) and inhibits downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. TNFR is a well-known predictor of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in a variety of diseases. Therefore, we measured circulating PGRN in addition to TNFR using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and explored whether it predicted renal prognosis in 201 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. During a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 21 participants reached primary renal endpoint, which involves a decline of at least 57% in eGFR from baseline, or the onset of end-stage renal disease. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that classical renal measures (GFR and albuminuria), two TNF-related biomarkers (PGRN and TNFR), and BMI were associated with this outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high levels of PGRN [HR 2.50 (95%CI 2.47-2.52)] or TNFR1 [HR 5.38 (95%CI 5.26-5.50)] were associated with this outcome after adjusting for relevant covariates. The high levels of PGRN as well as TNFR1 were associated with a risk of primary renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomohito Gohda,
| | - Hiroko Sakuma
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Shibata
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kishida
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Koshida
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kamei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Komatsu-Fujii T, Murata T, Adachi E, Kaku Y, Wada T, Nakagawa N, Kosugi S, Uehara T, Kosaki K, Kataoka T, Egawa G, Dainichi T, Kabashima K. Sterile abscesses possibly stem from acantholytic folliculitis in comedonal Darier disease: a case report. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:667-669. [PMID: 33914923 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Komatsu-Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan
| | - T Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kaku
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - T Wada
- Department of Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - G Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - K Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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5
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KOSHIDA T, Gohda T, Kishida C, Sakuma H, Adachi E, Masanori I, Maki M, Yuichiro Y, Yusuke S. POS-359 Potential effect of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy on progression of diabetic kidney disease in mice. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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6
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Gohda T, Kamei N, Kubota M, Tanaka K, Yamashita Y, Sakuma H, Kishida C, Adachi E, Koshida T, Murakoshi M, Hagiwara S, Funabiki K, Ueda S, Suzuki Y. Fractional excretion of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:382-389. [PMID: 32643269 PMCID: PMC7926211 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Increased concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (TNFRs; TNFR1 and TNFR2) are positively associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying this increase and the relationship between TNFRs in serum, and urine and kidney measures (ACR and eGFR) are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 499 patients with type 2 diabetes and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . The concentrations of TNFRs in serum and urine, and their respective fractional excretion, were measured. RESULTS Serum and urinary TNFR levels were positively associated with the ACR, and negatively associated with the eGFR. The fractional excretion of TNFRs did not differ between patients with an eGFR ≥90 and those with an eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and also did not correlate with eGFR. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the serum TNFRs were associated with a lower eGFR (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) and an increased ACR (≥30 mg/gCr), but urinary TNFRs were associated with an increased ACR (≥30 mg/gCr) alone, in the multivariate logistic model. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of fractional excretion TNFRs showed that an increase in serum TNFRs might result from their increased systemic production, including in the kidney, rather than being a simple reflection of GFR decline. Kidney measures appear to be strongly associated with serum TNFRs rather than urinary TNFRs in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine
- Female
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Function Tests
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/urine
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Gohda
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Nozomu Kamei
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic‐bomb Survivors HospitalHiroshimaJapan
- Institute for Clinical ResearchNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Mitsunobu Kubota
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetologyNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kanako Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetologyNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoshinori Yamashita
- Institute for Clinical ResearchNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hiroko Sakuma
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Chiaki Kishida
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takeo Koshida
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Hagiwara
- Department of Kidney and hypertensionJuntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Funabiki
- Department of Kidney and hypertensionJuntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of NephrologyFaculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Li Z, Murakoshi M, Ichikawa S, Koshida T, Adachi E, Suzuki C, Ueda S, Gohda T, Suzuki Y. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin prevents diabetic kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetic mice. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2761-2770. [PMID: 33098615 PMCID: PMC7714078 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trials on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes have consistently demonstrated that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. However, their renal protective mechanisms have yet to be completely understood and the effect on albuminuria reduction in animal models is controversial. We investigated these issues using KK and KK‐Ay mice as a control (CTRL) and as a model for type 2 diabetes (DKD), respectively. KK‐Ay mice were treated with 0.015% tofogliflozin, which is an SGLT2 inhibitor, starting at seven weeks of age for eight weeks. Compared with the CTRL mice, the DKD mice had higher HbA1c levels and albuminuria. Although tofogliflozin treatment significantly lowered HbA1c levels, it did not reverse albuminuria. Tofogliflozin treatment enhanced damage in both the glomerular (i.e., enlarged mesangial area, increased foot process effacement rate, and decreased number of WT‐1‐positive cells) and tubulointerstitial (increased protein levels of KIM‐1 and MCP‐1, increased number of macrophages, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology) areas. Our results suggest that tofogliflozin may prevent glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, partly by ameliorating hyperglycemia, renal inflammation, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Koshida
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ichikawa S, Gohda T, Murakoshi M, Li Z, Adachi E, Koshida T, Suzuki Y. Aspartic acid supplementation ameliorates symptoms of diabetic kidney disease in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1122-1134. [PMID: 32301275 PMCID: PMC7262904 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is among the most common and serious complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we used KK/Ta‐Ins2Akita (KK‐Akita) mice as a model of DKD and KK/Ta (KK) mice as controls to identify novel factors related to the development/progression of DKD. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis revealed that circulating Asp (l‐aspartic acid) levels in diabetic KK‐Akita mice tend to be lower than those in control KK mice. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Asp supplementation to prevent the progression of DKD in KK‐Akita mice. Mice were divided into three groups: (a) untreated KK mice (Control group), (b) untreated KK‐Akita mice (DKD group), and (c) treated (double‐volume Asp diet) KK‐Akita mice (Tx group). Kidney sections were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and anti‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibody for evaluation of endothelial surface layer (ESL) and NO synthesis. The mesangial area and glomerular size in the DKD group were significantly larger than those in the Control group; however, there was no significant difference in those between the DKD and Tx groups. Albuminuria, the ratio of foot process effacement, and thickness of glomerular basement membrane in the Tx group were significantly lower than those in the DKD group. Furthermore, the expression levels of glomerular WGA and microvascular eNOS in the Tx group improved significantly and approached the level in the Control group. In conclusion, the improvement of albuminuria in the Tx group may be caused by the reduction of oxidative stress in the kidneys, which may lead to the subsequent improvement of glomerular ESL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Koshida
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Gohda T, Kamei N, Koshida T, Kubota M, Tanaka K, Yamashita Y, Adachi E, Ichikawa S, Murakoshi M, Ueda S, Suzuki Y. Circulating kidney injury molecule-1 as a biomarker of renal parameters in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:435-440. [PMID: 31483944 PMCID: PMC7078097 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has been associated with proximal tubular damage in human and animal studies. Although it has been recognized as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, its significance in the serum remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship of serum and urinary KIM-1 levels with renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum and urinary KIM-1 levels, together with urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, were measured in 602 patients with type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 . These were then compared with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR. RESULTS The serum and urinary KIM-1 levels were significantly different among the three (eGFR ≥60, 45-59, <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) groups. These levels were positively associated with the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and negatively associated with eGFR. In a multivariate logistic model, both serum and urinary KIM-1 were associated with an increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (>30 mg/g Cr), but only the serum KIM-1 was associated with a lower eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ), after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Renal parameters appear to be strongly associated with serum KIM-1, and not urinary KIM-1, in patients with type 2 diabetes and an eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Gohda
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nozomu Kamei
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic‐bomb Survivors HospitalHiroshimaJapan
- Institute for Clinical ResearchKure Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationChugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takeo Koshida
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsunobu Kubota
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetologyNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical CenterChugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kanako Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetologyNational Hospital OrganizationKure Medical CenterChugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoshinori Yamashita
- Institute for Clinical ResearchKure Medical CenterNational Hospital OrganizationChugoku Cancer CenterHiroshimaJapan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of NephrologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
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10
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Adachi E, Sakai K, Nishiuchi T, Imamura R, Sato H, Matsumoto K. Different growth and metastatic phenotypes associated with a cell-intrinsic change of Met in metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70779-70793. [PMID: 27683122 PMCID: PMC5342589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic phenotypic change contributes to the metastatic progression and drug resistance in malignant melanoma. Nevertheless, mechanisms for a phenotypic change have remained to be addressed. Here, we show that Met receptor expression changes in a cell-autonomous manner and can distinguish phenotypical differences in growth, as well as in metastatic and drug-resistant characteristics. In metastatic melanoma, the cells are composed of Met-low and Met-high populations. Met-low populations have stem-like gene expression profiles, are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, and have shown abundant angiogenesis and rapid tumor growth in subcutaneous inoculation. Met-high populations have a differentiated phenotype, are relatively resistant to B-RAF inhibitor, and are highly metastatic to the lungs. Met plays a definitive role in lung metastasis because the lung metastasis of Met-high cells requires Met, and treatment of mice with the Met-containing exosomes from Met-high cells facilitates lung metastasis by Met-low cells. Clonal cell fate analysis showed the hierarchical phenotypical changes from Met-low to Met-high populations. Met-low cells either showed self-renewal or changed into Met-high cells, whereas Met-high cells remained Met-high. Clonal transition from Met-low to Met-high cells accompanied changes in the gene expression profile, in tumor growth, and in metastasis that were similar to those in Met-high cells. These findings indicate that malignant melanoma has the ability to undergo phenotypic change by a cell-intrinsic/autonomous mechanism that can be characterized by Met expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adachi
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sakai
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Ryu Imamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Honda H, Onitsuka H, Kanazawa Y, Matsumata T, Hayashi T, Kaneko K, Fukuya T, Tateshi Y, Adachi E, Masuda K. MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519503600211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to clarify the factors contributing to the signal intensities (SIs) of HCC on T1-weighted images, the amount of water, lipid, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) was determined in HCC and surrounding hepatic parenchyma of 13 patients. The relationships among these findings, the histopathologic findings, and the SIs of T1-weighted images were evaluated. Among the 13 HCC, 3 had a high SI, 5 were isointense, and 5 had a low SI on T1-weighted images compared to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. The paramagnetic ions which contributed to the SI patterns were assumed to be Cu in HCC (38.0±62.4 μg/g ww), and Fe in the liver (61.1±42.4 μg/g ww) and HCC (40.0±34.3 μg/g ww). In 8 HCC with high- or isointensity, 2 were grades I, 5 were grade II, and one was grade III according to the Edmondson-Steiner's histopathologic classification. It is concluded that the SI patterns alone can not be a sign of low grade malignancy because of the existence of Fe in livers and HCC.
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Adachi E, Hirose-Sugiura T, Kato Y, Ikebuchi F, Yamashita A, Abe T, Fukuta K, Adachi K, Matsumoto K. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following intravenous administration of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor in rats with renal injury. Pharmacology 2014; 94:190-7. [PMID: 25378205 DOI: 10.1159/000363412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in the regeneration and protection of the kidney, but little information is available concerning the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic treatment with HGF. In this study, HGF was administered after the onset of renal injury, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed simultaneously with an efficacious dose. METHODS For the study of pharmacodynamics, recombinant human HGF was intravenously administered to rats with glycerol-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In the pharmacokinetic study, rats subjected to glycerol injection or renal ischemia-reperfusion were used as models of AKI, and rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy were used as models of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RESULTS After intravenous administration of HGF at doses of 0.5-2.0 mg/kg, the elevation of blood urea nitrogen was suppressed, indicating that HGF had a pharmacodynamic effect. However, no significant difference was seen in the pharmacokinetic parameters such as clearance, distribution volume and half-life between the normal, AKI and CKD groups. CONCLUSION The intravenous administration of HGF after the onset of renal dysfunction exerted a pharmacological effect on AKI, and renal injury did not affect the clearance of plasma HGF. This unaffected profile may serve as a base for the safety of HGF during therapeutic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adachi
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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13
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Shin MR, Natsuume M, Matsumoto T, Hanaoka M, Imai M, Iijima K, Oka SI, Adachi E, Kodama H. Sense transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing in tobacco compromises the splicing of endogenous counterpart genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87869. [PMID: 24586294 PMCID: PMC3931610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sense transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (S-PTGS) is thought to be a type of RNA silencing in which ARGONAUTE1 directs the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated cleavage of a target mRNA in the cytoplasm. Here, we report that the altered splicing of endogenous counterpart genes is a main cause for the reduction of their mature mRNA levels. After the S-PTGS of a tobacco endoplasmic reticulum ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (NtFAD3) gene, 3'-truncated, polyadenylated endo-NtFAD3 transcripts and 5'-truncated, intron-containing endo-NtFAD3 transcripts were detected in the total RNA fraction. Although transcription proceeded until the last exon of the endogenous NtFAD3 gene, intron-containing NtFAD3 transcripts accumulated in the nucleus of the S-PTGS plants. Several intron-containing NtFAD3 transcripts harboring most of the exon sequences were generated when an endogenous silencing suppressor gene, rgs-CaM, was overexpressed in the S-PTGS plants. These intron-containing NtFAD3 splice variants were generated in the presence of NtFAD3 siRNAs that are homologous to the nucleotide sequences of these splice variants. The results of this study indicate that the inhibition of endo-NtFAD3 gene expression is primarily directed via the alteration of splicing and not by cytoplasmic slicer activity. Our results suggest that the transgene and intron-containing endogenous counterpart genes are differentially suppressed in S-PTGS plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Shin
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Natsuume
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Misaki Imai
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iijima
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Oka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eri Adachi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Adachi E, Koibuchi T, Imai K, Kikuchi T, Koga M, Nakamura H, Miura T, Iwamoto A, Fujii T. Favourable outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with mefloquine treatment in combination with antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-infected patient. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:603-5. [PMID: 22930304 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.011305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 33-year-old man who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with HIV infection is reported. The patient exhibited rapid decline in neurological status after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which was attributed to the PML-immune re-constitution inflammatory syndrome. Following the administration of mefloquine in combination with ART, the patient's neurological status improved substantially. This case suggests that further investigation of the use of mefloquine might be warranted for treatment of PML in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Research Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Fujita T, Sawaki M, Hattori M, Kondo N, Horio A, Ushio A, Gondo N, Adachi E, Iwata H. P5-11-01: The Accuracy of Preoperative Ultrasonography Guided Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy in Determining Histological Type, ER Status, PgR Status, HER2 Status and Ki67 Level in Invasive Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, ultrasonography guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (US-guided VABB) has been widely used as alternative to surgical open biopsy. Enough breast tissue samples obtained by US-guided VABB are important because of increasing neoadjuvant treatment. Although the information obtained from US-guided VABB may be the only information available for determining the candidates for neoadjuvant treatment, only few studies evaluated the concordance of histological type, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PgR) status, human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) status, and Ki67 level between US-guided VABB and surgical specimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative US-guided VABB.
Materials and Methods: In 439 breast cancer patients without neoadjuvant treatment who underwent US-guided VABB and surgical resection from April 2004 and March 2011 at Aichi Cancer Center hospital, we examined the concordance of Histological type, ER status, PgR status, HER2 status, and Ki67 level between US-guided VABB and surgical specimen. All the US-guided VABB were performed using 11-gauge Mammotome® or 10-gauge VACORA®. The ER and PgR status were assessed using Allreds scoring system by IHC. These statuseswere categorized as positive when the total score was more than two. HER2 expression status was tested by IHC and FISH. HER2 3+ by IHC, or 2+ and FISH positive were judged as HER2 positive. In this study, the Ki67 cut-off level for positivity was defined at 20% (Penault-Llorca et al, JCO 2009).
The agreement on histological type, ER status, PgR status, HER2 status, and Ki67 level were tested using the absolute concordance rate and the kappa statistic values.
Results: The concordance rate of histological types between US-guided VABB and surgical specimens was 93.4% (410 of 439 cases) with a Kappa statistic value of 0.82. In 115 cases diagnosed as DCIS by US-guided VABB, 28 cases (24.3%) were subsequently diagnosed as invasive cancer by surgical specimens. However, among these cases, 78.6% (22/28) were T1mic and T1a. And one case (0.3%, 1/324) diagnosed as invasive cancer by US-guided VABB changed DCIS by surgical specimens. The concordance rate of ER, PgR, and HER2 status were 96.6% (112/116), 89.5% (102/116), and 97.4%(113/116), respectively (kappa statistic value of 0.99, 0.76, and 0.90). In HER2 status, the concordance rate between US-guided VABB and surgical specimens was better than between core needle biopsy and surgical specimens (the concordance rate: 88%, kappa statistic value: 0.65, Usami et al, Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007).
The agreement of Ki67 level was 85.7% (24/28) with a Kappa statistic value of 0.71.
Conclusions: The judgment of histological type, ER status, and HER2 status by preoperative US-guided VABB can be used with confidence due to determine the treatment strategies according to molecular subtype.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujita
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Sawaki
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Hattori
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Kondo
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Horio
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Ushio
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Gondo
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - E Adachi
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Iwata
- 1Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Fujita T, Hayashi H, Hattori M, Horio A, Yamada M, Ushio A, Gondou N, Adachi E, Sueta A, Iwata H. Abstract P6-03-05: An Approach for the Differential Diagnosis of Primary Lung Cancer and Breast Cancer Relapse Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule in Patients after Breast Surgery. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-03-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The distinction of primary lung cancer from metastatic breast cancer is crucial in patients presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule after breast surgery. However definitive diagnosis of these nodules is often difficult due to similar radiological and pathological features in primary lung and metastatic breast cancer nodules. We assessed the feasibility of our diagnostic approach for these nodules by morphopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and estimated the frequency of primary lung cancer occurrence in breast cancer patients.
Material and Methods: We evaluated solitary pulmonary nodules appearing in 24 patients (0.62% : 24/3851) after breast surgery between 1994 and 2006. Patients with metastases to organs other than lungs were not included. For histological examination, CT-guided core needle biopsy (CT-CNB), trans-bronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), or surgical resection was performed. Besides conventional morphopathological examination using HE staining, differential diagnosis was performed by immunohistochemical examination (thyroid transcription factor-1: TTF-1, surfactant pro-protein B: SPPB, estrogen receptor: ER, mammaglobin1: MGB1). The immunopositive results for TTF-1 and SPPB support the specimen diagnosis of primary lung cancer. The immunopositive and immunonegative results for ER and both TTF-1 and SPPB, respectively, suggest that the specimen has a high probability of being metastatic breast cancer. And for cases in which differential diagnosis failed in the morpopathological and TTF-1, SPPB, and ER examination, MGB1 examination was conducted.
Several patient and tumor characteristics were evaluated according to the definitive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in both metastatic breast and primary lung cancer groups, which were then compared using Student's t-test.
Results: Biopsy specimens were obtained using minimally invasive methods (CT-CNB and TBLB) in 21 patients (87.5%). Surgical resection was performed for diagnosis and treatment in three patients. Differential diagnosis was obtained by morphopathological methods alone in 18 patients (75.0%, primary lung cancer: 6 cases, metastaic breast cancer: 12 cases) and by immunohistochemical examination in the remaining 6 (25.0%, primary lung cancer: 1 case, metastaic breast cancer: 5 cases). Final diagnosis was metastatic breast and primary lung cancer in 17 (70. 8%) and 7 patients (29.2%), respectively. The mean age was significantly higher in the primary lung than metastatic breast cancer patients group (67 years vs. 57 years: p=0.036). No significant difference in the average diameter of pulmonary nodules was observed between metastatic breast and primary lung cancer patients (2.32cm vs. 2.29 cm). Furthermore, there were no clinical findings between metastatic breast cancer patients group and primary lung cancer group.
Conclusions: Our results show the clinical feasibility of our approach to the differential diagnosis of breast cancer relapse and primary lung cancer presenting as a solitary nodule in patients after breast surgery. Further, replication of our findings under independent setting is recommended.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujita
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Hayashi
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Hattori
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Horio
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Ushio
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - N Gondou
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - E Adachi
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Sueta
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - H. Iwata
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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17
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Tsuboi K, Kawase Y, Kato N, Okochi O, Matsushita H, Hattori M, Takami Y, Takeda S, Mizuno A, Adachi E, Sato Y, Kuroiwa M. [Elderly patient with recurrent rectal cancer successfully responded to modified FOLFOX6 chemotherapy with bevacizumab--a case report]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2010; 37:1163-1165. [PMID: 20567129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An 80-year-old female visited our hospital with the chief complaint of lower abdominal pain and diarrhea. She was diagnosed to have rectal cancer. Hartmann operation was performed and curative resection was successfully achieved. Postoperative stage was III according to the classification of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum(The 7th Edition). She was treated with oral tegafur(UFT 300mg/body/day)as adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months. Paraaortic lymph node metastasis and local recurrence were diagnosed by abdominal CT 1 year after the surgery. Her performance status score was 0. She was treated with modified FOLFOX6 chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. Abdominal CT revealed a partial response after 5 courses. She experienced grade 2 leukocyopenia, grade 3 neutropenia, grade 2 proteinuria and grade 2 hypertension.
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18
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Fukuta K, Adachi E, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T. Different reactivities of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for hepatocyte growth factor. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 402:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hirai S, Oka SI, Adachi E, Kodama H. The effects of spacer sequences on silencing efficiency of plant RNAi vectors. Plant Cell Rep 2007; 26:651-9. [PMID: 17205339 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to suppress gene expression in various eukaryotic organisms. In plants, RNAi can be induced by introduction of an RNAi vector that transcribes a self-complementary hairpin RNA. Most basic RNAi constructs have an inverted repeat interrupted with a spacer sequence. To test silencing capability of RNAi constructs, we developed an in vivo assay that is based on the RNAi-mediated changes of the alpha-linolenic acid content in hairy roots. A tobacco endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (NtFAD3) is the main enzyme for production of alpha-linolenic acid of root membrane lipids. Tobacco hairy roots transformed with the RNAi vectors against the NtFAD3 gene showed a decrease in alpha-linolenic acid content. The frequency of RNA silencing was more affected by spacer sequence than by spacer length, at least between 100 and 1800 bp. Since significant amounts of hairpin RNA against the NtFAD3 gene remained in the transgenic plants displaying a weak silencing phenotype, low degree of silencing was attributed to low efficiency of hairpin RNA processing mediated by Dicer-like proteins. Our results show the possibility of producing a broad range of the RNAi-induced silencing phenotypes by replacing the spacer sequence of RNAi construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
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20
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Amano S, Ogura Y, Akutsu N, Matsunaga Y, Kadoya K, Adachi E, Nishiyama T. Protective effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors against epidermal basement membrane damage: skin equivalents partially mimic photoageing process. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153 Suppl 2:37-46. [PMID: 16280020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal basement membrane (BM) plays important roles in adhesion between epidermis and dermis, and in controlling epidermal differentiation. The BM has been reported to be damaged in sun-exposed skin. Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to be involved in the BM damage, there is no good in vitro model for examining BM damage by MMPs or for exploring methods to protect the BM. OBJECTIVES To examine the involvement of MMPs in BM damage and approaches to protect the BM from such damage by using an in vitro skin-equivalent (SE) model. METHOD SE was prepared by culturing human keratinocytes on contracted collagen gel including human fibroblasts. MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9, laminin 5 and type IV and VII collagens were determined by specific sandwich ELISAs, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analysed by gelatin zymography. Histological examination of SE was also carried out. RESULTS Despite production of BM components such as laminin 5 and type IV and VII collagens in SEs, BM was rarely observed at the dermal-epidermal junction. Several MMPs, such as MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9, were observed to be present in conditioned media and some of them were in active forms. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was not detected, although TIMP-1 was present. Synthetic MMP inhibitors, CGS27023A and MMP-inhibitor I, which inhibit MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9, markedly augmented deposition of laminin 5 and type IV and VII collagens at the dermal-epidermal junction, resulting in the formation of continuous epidermal BM. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMPs are involved in the degradation of BM in SEs, and that MMP inhibitors exert a protective effect against BM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amano
- Skin Biology Research Laboratories, Shiseido Life Science Research Centre, Yokohama, Japan 236-8643.
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22
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Adachi E, Shimamura K, Wakamatsu S, Kodama H. Amplification of plant genomic DNA by Phi29 DNA polymerase for use in physical mapping of the hypermethylated genomic region. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 23:144-7. [PMID: 15168072 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes contain a heavily methylated region in which cytosines are methylated in both the symmetrical and asymmetrical sequences. The physical mapping of such a hypermethylated region is difficult because many restriction enzymes are sensitive to methylated cytosine residues in their recognition sites. The Phi29 DNA polymerase provides an efficient and representative amplification of the genomic DNA that is methylation-free. Using this amplified genomic DNA, we were able to show that a heavily methylated genomic DNA region becomes amenable to physical mapping with any restriction enzymes. This protocol will be especially useful for analysis of the heavily methylated region of plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Bioproduction Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan
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Arita M, Li SW, Kopen G, Adachi E, Jimenez SA, Fertala A. Skeletal abnormalities and ultrastructural changes of cartilage in transgenic mice expressing a collagen II gene (COL2A1) with a Cys for Arg-alpha1-519 substitution. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:808-15. [PMID: 12359167 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2002.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mechanism by which the Arg-->Cys 519 mutation causes the clinical phenotype employing transgenic mice that express the mutated human COL2A1. METHODS A DNA construct under the control of a COL2A1 specific promoter was prepared from genomic DNA isolated from fibroblasts from the proband with primary generalized osteoarthritis (OA) associated with a mild chondrodysplasia. Transgenic mice were obtained by injection of the constructs into pro-nuclei of fertilized eggs from the FVB/N inbred mouse strain. Transgenic mice harboring two alleles of the mutated human COL2A1 were examined for morphological abnormalities and for alterations of their skeletal development. Ultrastructural examination was performed to identify changes in the organization and density of collagen II fibrils in articular cartilage of the transgenic mice. RESULTS Transgenic mice harboring two alleles of the mutated human collagen gene were smaller than their normal littermates, had a cleft palate, and disorganized growth plate. Electron microscopy of articular cartilage showed a decreased density of collagen II fibrils and revealed chondrocytes with dilated Golgi cysternae. CONCLUSIONS Expression of a COL2A1 with an Arg-->Cys 519 substitution in transgenic mice causes retardation of skeletal development and ultrastructural alterations in articular cartilage with a profound reduction of the density of the collagen II fibrils in the tissue. These alterations may be responsible for the phenotype of precocious generalized OA and chondrodysplasia displayed by patients harboring this COL2A1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arita
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Maehara S, Harimoto N, Tsujita E, Rikimaru T, Yamashita Y, Tanaka S, Adachi E, Shirabe K, Shimada M, Sugimachi K. Laparoscopy-assisted hepatectomy using the Endoclose: a case report. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:1363-4. [PMID: 12235509 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-4145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2002] [Accepted: 03/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis of a resected stump of liver is extremely difficult in laparoscopic hepatectomy. Although Pringle's maneuver, which is a total clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament, is a useful technique, it is often difficult in laparoscopic circumstances. Moreover, total inflow occlusion leads to postoperative liver damage. Therefore, the local bleeding method is ideal. The Endoclose, a device for port site closure, is formed from an outer sheath and an inner needle with a notch to load the suture. The Endoclose is loaded with a suture and passed through the liver. The suture is left under the liver, and the device is removed. Next, the suture carrier is passed through the liver at an appropriate distance, and the suture is regrasped by this suture carrier and brought out of the liver. Herein we report a case in which a new bleeding control method using Endoclose was introduced for laparoscopy-assisted hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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25
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Oh J, Takahashi R, Kondo S, Mizoguchi A, Adachi E, Sasahara RM, Nishimura S, Imamura Y, Kitayama H, Alexander DB, Ide C, Horan TP, Arakawa T, Yoshida H, Nishikawa S, Itoh Y, Seiki M, Itohara S, Takahashi C, Noda M. The membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor RECK is a key regulator of extracellular matrix integrity and angiogenesis. Cell 2001; 107:789-800. [PMID: 11747814 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for proper extracellular matrix remodeling. We previously found that a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, RECK, negatively regulates MMP-9 and inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we show that RECK regulates two other MMPs, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, known to be involved in cancer progression, that mice lacking a functional RECK gene die around E10.5 with defects in collagen fibrils, the basal lamina, and vascular development, and that this phenotype is partially suppressed by MMP-2 null mutation. Also, vascular sprouting is dramatically suppressed in tumors derived from RECK-expressing fibrosarcoma cells grown in nude mice. These results support a role for RECK in the regulation of MMP-2 in vivo and implicate RECK downregulation in tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/physiology
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Gene Targeting
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Metalloendopeptidases/genetics
- Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Amano S, Akutsu N, Matsunaga Y, Nishiyama T, Champliaud MF, Burgeson RE, Adachi E. Importance of balance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation in basement membrane formation. Exp Cell Res 2001; 271:249-62. [PMID: 11716537 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal basement membrane (BM) plays important roles in adhesion between epidermis and dermis and in controlling epidermal differentiation. In a skin-equivalent (SE), components of the epidermal BM such as laminin 5 and type IV and VII collagens were detected in conditioned media and in basal keratinocytes. Despite production of these BM components, however, BM was rarely observed at the dermal-epidermal junction. One possible explanation for the absence of BM in SEs is that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade newly synthesized extracellular matrices. In fact, several MMPs, such as MMPs-1, 2, 3, and 9, were observed to be present in conditioned media and some of them were in active forms. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was not detected, although TIMP-1 was present. BM degradation activity presumably exceeds BM formation activity in the SE, resulting in the absence of lamina densa at the dermal-epidermal junction. Synthetic MMP inhibitors CGS27023A and MMP inhibitor I, which inhibit MMPs 1, 2, 3, and 9, markedly augmented deposition of laminin 5 and type IV and VII collagens at the dermal-epidermal junction, resulting in formation of continuous epidermal BM. These results suggest that the balance between synthesis and degradation of BM components is important for BM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amano
- Shiseido Life Science Research Center, Yokohama, 236-8643, Japan.
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27
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Fertala A, Sieron AL, Adachi E, Jimenez SA. Collagen II containing a Cys substitution for Arg-alpha1-519: abnormal interactions of the mutated molecules with collagen IX. Biochemistry 2001; 40:14422-8. [PMID: 11724554 DOI: 10.1021/bi0109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single amino acid substitutions in collagen II cause heterogeneous cartilage disorders including some chondrodysplasias and certain forms of heritable osteoarthritis. In this study, we examined molecular interactions between normal collagen II and collagen IX, and the effect of a Cys substitution for Arg-alpha1-519 in collagen II on these interactions. Binding assays showed that the association equilibrium constant of collagen IX-collagen II interaction is 15 x 10(6) M(-1). Specificity of the interaction was analyzed by the binding of collagen IX to recombinant collagen II variants lacking fragments of 234 amino acids corresponding to particular D-periods. The results indicated that the C-terminal half of collagen II, which includes the D3 and D4 periods, has a high affinity for collagen IX, and that the nontriple helical telopeptides of collagen II are not essential for the specific binding of collagen IX. Computer analysis of the surface of the mutated collagen II and binding assays showed that a Cys substitution for Arg-alpha1-519 changes electrostatic properties around the mutation site, increases the affinity of mutant collagen II for collagen IX, and possibly alters the specificity of the interaction. Thus, the results indicate that interactions between collagen II and collagen IX are site specific and that single amino acid substitutions in collagen II may change the molecular interactions with collagen IX that could destabilize the cartilaginous matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fertala
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
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28
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Utsumi K, Shimizu A, Yamato M, Tojimbara T, Nakajima I, Adachi E, Fuchinoue S, Sawada T. Alteration of collagen IV in acutely deteriorated renal allografts. Transplantation 2001; 71:1757-65. [PMID: 11455255 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200106270-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes in the basement membrane occurring in acutely deteriorated renal allografts (ADR) have not been extensively investigated. Our purpose is to elucidate the alteration of collagen IV, a main constituent of the basement membrane in ADR. METHODS Fifty biopsy specimens of ADR and 10 of chronic transplant nephropathy (CTN) were examined with two monoclonal antibodies specific for collagen IV. JK199 and JK132 are monoclonal antibodies that recognize triple helical collagen IV containing the alpha1 chain. JK199 recognizes all the basement membrane containing [alpha1 (IV)]2alpha2(IV), although JK132 reacts only with a limited portion of it. In the normal kidney, JK199 reacts with the mesangial matrix, the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule (BBM), and the tubular basement membrane, as well as with the glomelular basement membrane (GBM). JK132 reacts with the mesangial matrix, BBM, and the tubular basement membrane. RESULTS In ADR, increased intensity of JK199 was observed in GBM, the mesangial matrix, BBM, the tubular basement membrane, and the interstitium. Increased intensity of JK132 was observed in the mesangial matrix, BBM, and the tubular basement membrane, but was not remarkable in GBM or the interstitium. In contrast, biopsy specimens of CTN showed increased intensity of JK132 in GBM, the mesangial matrix, BBM, the tubular basement membrane and the interstitium. CONCLUSION These results suggest that collagen IV is up-regulated in ADR. Differential staining of collagen IV with JK199 and JK132 in GBM and the interstitium may contribute to diagnose CTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Utsumi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kidney Center, Department of Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Shimada M, Hashizume M, Maehara S, Tsujita E, Rikimaru T, Yamashita Y, Tanaka S, Adachi E, Sugimachi K. Laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Endosc 2001; 15:541-4. [PMID: 11591936 DOI: 10.1007/s004640080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2000] [Accepted: 11/07/2000] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reports exist on the role of laparoscopic hepatectomy in the short- and long-term outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present our results from using laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC and discuss the importance of this procedure. METHODS To investigate the role of laparoscopic hepatectomy in the short- and long-term outcomes, 17 patients with HCC who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy (laparoscopic hepatectomy group) were compared with 38 patients who underwent conventional open hepatectomy (open hepatectomy group) during the same period. RESULTS No differences in operation time, blood loss, rate of blood transfusion, or incidence of postoperative complications were found between the two groups. The postoperative hospital stay for the laparoscopic hepatectomy group was significantly shorter than for the open hepatectomy group. With long-term prognosis, no difference was found in survival rate and disease-free survival rate between the two groups. No recurrence was found in the stump of the remaining liver after laparoscopic hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic hepatectomy has resulted in a better short-term outcome after surgery than conventional open hepatectomy. The long-term prognosis in the laparoscopic hepatectomy group was similar to that in the open hepatectomy group. Therefore, laparoscopic hepatectomy can be a new alternative for treatment of cirrhotic patients with HCC when patients are strictly selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
Although the triple-helical structure of fibrillar collagen is regarded in general as being quite similar, each type of collagen molecule has inherent characteristics in the triple-helical domain. Few studies have ever been performed in terms of the aggregate structure of the triple-helical domain of fibrillar collagen. Reconstituted aggregates from the purified triple-helical domain of each type of fibrillar collagen might amplify the subtle differences in the structural characteristics of each type of collagen molecule. In this study, the reconstituted aggregate structure of pepsin-treated type V collagen (type Vp collagen), that is, virtually its triple-helical domain was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Pepsin-treated type I (type Ip) and type II (type IIp) collagen were compared with type Vp collagen. Unique features of the aggregate structure of the triple-helical domain of the type V collagen can be summarized as follows:These results suggested that the lateral packing of the triple-helical domain of type V collagen is determined by its molecular structure. The characteristics of type Vp collagen fibrils might be explained by their characteristic amino acid composition. A significant feature of the triple-helical domain of type V collagen is the high content of glycosylated hydroxylysine residues. Molecular model building of the collagenous structure suggests that a change in surface roughness is conspicuous by incorporating the glycosylated hydroxylysine residues. More than a ten-fold content of bulky glycosylated hydroxylysine residues in type V collagen compared to that of type I might have a significant influence on both the intermolecular and interfibrillar interactions of the triple-helical domain of type V collagen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mizuno
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to clarify the perioperative cytokine changes and their mechanism in jaundiced liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obstructive jaundice was induced using a common bile duct ligation (CBDL) and a two-thirds hepatectomy (HEP) was performed in six- to seven-week-old male C3H/HeN mice. When hepatectomy was added to CBDL, it was carried out 2 to 5 days after CBDL. The serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and heat shock protein (HSP)-70 expression were evaluated. One mg per mouse of methylprednisolone (MPL) was intraperitonealy administered in some mice of CBDL+HEP group. RESULTS The post-hepatectomy IL-6 values at 2 and 3 days after CBDL were significantly lower than those in the HEP group, while those at 5 days after CBDL were significantly higher than those in HEP group. The serum IL-6 value of the steroid group was significantly lower than that of non-steroid group in HEP group. However, no steroid effects were recognized on post-hepatectomy IL-6 values at 3 days after CBDL, steroid inhibited post-hepatectomy IL-6 production at 5 days after CBDL. No expression of HSP70 protein was observed in the control group, but HSP70 protein was expressed in both the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells 3 days after CBDL, then at 5 days after CBDL, no HSP70 protein was expressed in the Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS In the early period of obstructive jaundice, the IL-6 level after hepatectomy did not increase in comparison to HEP group, and steroid had no effect on IL-6 level. According to the progression of obstructive jaundice, the IL-6 level after hepatectomy increased to a higher level than before, and the effect of MPL was restored. HSP70 is thus suggested to have an important role in cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujiwara
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Higashi-ku, 812-8582, Japan
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawase
- The Third Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has been used to assess circadian rhythms in blood pressure in a qualitative fashion. However, there are no established methods for assessing circadian changes in blood pressure in a quantitative fashion. In this study, we developed a quantitative method to evaluate the circadian rhythm based on profile analysis and a cumulative chi-square technique. This method was used to analyse the circadian blood pressure variations in 100 normotensive volunteers and 127 hypertensive patients. Three blood pressure profiles were identified for the normotensive group, while four were identified for the hypertensive group. Furthermore, there was a relationship between the discriminate blood pressure profiles and the severity of hypertension. We conclude that profile analysis of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be used to stratify patients with regard to the risk of complications of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- Health Care Center, Shoko Chukin Bank, Tokyo, Japan.
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34
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Nishiyama T, Amano S, Tsunenaga M, Kadoya K, Takeda A, Adachi E, Burgeson RE. The importance of laminin 5 in the dermal-epidermal basement membrane. J Dermatol Sci 2000; 24 Suppl 1:S51-9. [PMID: 11137397 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(00)00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The skin consists of two main layers, epidermis and dermis, separated by the basement membrane. Epidermal-dermal communication through the basement membrane is important for skin homeostasis. The basement membrane contains specialized structures, called the anchoring complex, which ensure the stability of connection and communication between these two tissue compartments. The proteins within the anchoring complex provide links to both the intracellular cytoskeletal keratins in keratinocytes and connective tissue proteins of the dermis. One of the key components of the complex is laminin 5, which is essential to epidermal cell attachment. The biological function of laminin 5 has been investigated by using a skin equivalent model in vitro and during keratinocyte sheet grafting in vivo. As a major link between the epidermal basal cells and the papillary dermis, laminin 5 initiates hemidesmosome formation and provides stable attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. Laminin 5 also accelerates the assembly of basement membranes and may enhance the recovery of damaged skin. An intact basement membrane at the epidermal-dermal junction is essential to stability of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiyama
- Shiseido Life Science Research Center, Yokohama, Japan. toshio.nishiyama@to,shiseido.co.jp
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35
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Kudoh S, Sawada T, Adachi E, Horita S, Tojimbara T, Nakajima I, Fuchinoue S, Agishi T. Staining of collagen type IV in liver allografts. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2359. [PMID: 11120199 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kudoh
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kidney Center, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- K Utsumi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kidney Center, Department of Surgery (K.U., T.S., S.H., T.T., I.N., S.F., T.A.), Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Nagai N, Hosokawa M, Itohara S, Adachi E, Matsushita T, Hosokawa N, Nagata K. Embryonic lethality of molecular chaperone hsp47 knockout mice is associated with defects in collagen biosynthesis. J Cell Biol 2000; 150:1499-506. [PMID: 10995453 PMCID: PMC2150697 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.150.6.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple helix formation of procollagen after the assembly of three alpha-chains at the C-propeptide is a prerequisite for refined structures such as fibers and meshworks. Hsp47 is an ER-resident stress inducible glycoprotein that specifically and transiently binds to newly synthesized procollagens. However, the real function of Hsp47 in collagen biosynthesis has not been elucidated in vitro or in vivo. Here, we describe the establishment of Hsp47 knockout mice that are severely deficient in the mature, propeptide-processed form of alpha1(I) collagen and fibril structures in mesenchymal tissues. The molecular form of type IV collagen was also affected, and basement membranes were discontinuously disrupted in the homozygotes. The homozygous mice did not survive beyond 11.5 days postcoitus (dpc), and displayed abnormally orientated epithelial tissues and ruptured blood vessels. When triple helix formation of type I collagen secreted from cultured cells was monitored by protease digestion, the collagens of Hsp47+/+ and Hsp47+/- cells were resistant, but those of Hsp47-/- cells were sensitive. These results indicate for the first time that type I collagen is unable to form a rigid triple-helical structure without the assistance of molecular chaperone Hsp47, and that mice require Hsp47 for normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Sato K, Ebihara T, Adachi E, Kawashima S, Hattori S, Irie S. Possible involvement of aminotelopeptide in self-assembly and thermal stability of collagen I as revealed by its removal with proteases. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25870-5. [PMID: 10851240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of aminotelopeptide and N-terminal cross-linking of collagen I were examined. Acetic acid-soluble collagen I (ASC) was purified from neonatal bovine skin and treated with three kinds of proteases. The amino acid sequencing analysis of the N terminus showed that ASC contained a full-length aminotelopeptide. Pepsin and papain cleaved the aminotelopeptide of the alpha1 chain at the same site and the aminotelopeptide of the alpha2 chain at different sites. Proctase-treated ASC lost the whole aminotelopeptide, and the N-terminal sequence began from the tenth residue inside the triple helical region. The rates of fibril formation of pepsin-treated ASC and proctase-treated ASC were the same and were slower than that of ASC. The denaturation temperatures, monitored by CD ellipticity at 221 nm, of ASC, pepsin-treated, or papain-treated collagens were the same at 41.8 degrees C. Proctase-treated ASC showed a lower denaturation temperature of 39.9 degrees C. We also observed the morphology of the collagen fibrils under an electron microscope. The ASC fibrils were straight and thin, whereas the fibrils of pepsin-treated ASC were slightly twisted, and the fibrils from papain- and proctase-treated ASC were highly twisted and thick. When the collagen gel strength was examined by a modified method of viscosity-measurement, ASC was the strongest, followed by pepsin-treated ASC, and papain- and proctase-treated ASCs were the weakest. These results suggest that the aminotelopeptide plays important roles in fibril formation and thermal stability. In addition, the functions of intermolecular cross-linking in aminotelopeptides may contribute to the formation of fibrils in the correct staggered pattern and to strengthening the collagen gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sato
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Tanaka H, Toyoda N, Adachi E, Takeda T. Immunologic evaluation of an Escherichia coli O157-infected pregnant woman. A case report. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:442-4. [PMID: 10845182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pregnancy complicated by hemorrhagic enterocolitis due to Escherichia coli O157. CASE A woman with hemorrhagic enterocolitis due to E coli O157 was seen at 32 weeks of gestation. We investigated her immune response to 0157 lipopolysaccharide and to Shiga toxin in the sera and breast milk. CONCLUSION IgM and IgA to 0157 lipopolysaccharide in the breast milk of this patient might protect her infant after the disappearance of serum IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie Prefectural Shima Hospital, Japan
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40
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Abstract
A 10 year old boy with a superior division palsy of the left oculomotor nerve is reported. He had a flu-like illness 1 week before the onset. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were normal. Laboratory data for evaluation of infection, diabetes mellitus and myasthenia gravis were normal. The symptoms spontaneously disappeared after 2 months. The course of the illness in conjunction with the negative laboratory findings made this case an example of partial paralysis of the third nerve related to viral infection. In the literature, only several cases with isolated divisional palsy of the oculomotor nerve were found after a viral infection. Inferior division palsy has been reported in five children. Superior division palsy has been published in only two cases. Divisional palsy is more common among children and resolves spontaneously. This rare but important clinical entity is one of the differential diagnoses in oculomotor nerve palsies, particularly in children, which are neuroradiologically undiagnosed. It occurs after a viral infection and may affect a superior or inferior division alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saeki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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41
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Adachi E, Matsubara K. Reproducibility and applicability of gallium replication as evaluated by biological specimen use. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2000; 49:371-378. [PMID: 11108060 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Structures of biological surfaces pressed on to a pure liquid gallium surface were successfully traced on to the gallium surface by quick-freezing below the melting point (28.78 degrees C) in air or water for replication in scanning electron microscopy. Gallium's high surface tension (approximately 700 mN m(-1) at 30 degrees C) deteriorates the spatial resolution of replicas and destroys some types of specimens. Five different biological surfaces were replicated on to gallium surfaces to evaluate spatial resolution and specimen resistance, i.e. reproducibility and applicability. Gallium replication of jewel beetle wing and human hair demonstrated submicron spatial resolution in the horizontal direction at least. Trials of protozoa, bacteria, and culture cell replication showed that protozoa are suited to replication because the cell membrane has characteristic structures with sufficient resistance to the gallium surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- L'Oréal Tsukuba Center, Ibaraki, Japan.
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42
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Adachi E, Tannock IF. The effects of vasodilating drugs on pH in tumors. Oncol Res 1999; 11:179-85. [PMID: 10566616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydralazine has been used widely to reduce tumor blood flow and thereby to induce hypoxia and to reduce extracellular pH (pHe) in tumors. Here we have investigated and compared the effects of the vasodilating drugs hydralazine, captopril, nifedipine, prazosin, sodium nitroprusside, and labetalol to reduce pHe in EMT-6 and KHT tumors of mice and to cause antitumor effects. After a single injection, captopril was most effective in reducing pHe in EMT-6 tumors with a decrease in mean pHe from 6.93 to 6.67 at 2 h after injection, while nifedipine was most effective for KHT tumors with a decrease in mean pHe from 6.96 to 6.75 at 1 h after injection. During 72 h of chronic administration into mice bearing tumors, nifedipine was ineffective in reducing pHe, but both captopril and hydralazine caused a small but significant reduction of pHe. Captopril caused significant delay in growth of the tumors, but had only a small effect on clonogenic cell survival. Captopril appears to be the most effective vasodilating drug to enhance tumor acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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43
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Adachi E, Yoshino K, Takeda T. [Anti-LPS antibodies in adult and infant patients infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1999; 73:772-7. [PMID: 10487023 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The antibodies against LPS of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in sera from patients infected with this organism and sera from healthy control subjects were examined by ELISA to investigate their immune response. Analysing these data, we found some heterogeneity of antibody response between adults and infants. In healthy adults and children, the cutoff values for IgM antibodies to O157 LPS were calculated as 0.85, 0.40 and for IgG were as 0.57, 0.39 respectively. In patients, the ELISA values of adult were lower and decreased earlier than those of children. Therefore sero diagnosis for EHEC O157 infection for adult patients the timing of blood collection is very important. On the other hand, in some patients the sera of children showed a high level of IgM only 3 days from the onset. This tendency seemed to be related to severity of the disease. This immunological test was proved to be useless for healthy carriers because the antibodies against O157 LPS were not observed in their sera.
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44
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Adachi E. Gallium replication in aquatic and nonaquatic organism scanning electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 1999; 80:51-8. [PMID: 10461394 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3991(99)00045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A technique using pure gallium metal as a replication material is reported for biological surface scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The technique first directly enables aquatic organisms in water to be replicated due to gallium's low melting point and, second, reproduces surface structures and images of the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of substances transferred from the original surface to the gallium surface due to gallium's high surface tension. An aquatic protozoan in water was directly replicated to show its typical surface structures. The technique was then used to visualize human hair surface structures and 2D transferred substance distribution using X-ray microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- L'Oréal Tsukuba Center, Ibaraki, Japan.
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45
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Suzuki Y, Someki I, Adachi E, Irie S, Hattori S. Interaction of collagen molecules from the aspect of fibril formation: acid-soluble, alkali-treated, and MMP1-digested fragments of type I collagen. J Biochem 1999; 126:54-67. [PMID: 10393321 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type I extracted with acid or digested with pepsin forms fibrils under physiological conditions, but this ability is lost when the collagen is treated with alkaline solution or digested with matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). When acid-soluble collagen was incubated with alkali-treated collagen, the fibril formation of acid-soluble collagen was inhibited. At 37 degrees C, at which alkali-treated collagen is denatured, the lag time was prolonged but the growth rate of fibrils was not affected. At 30 degrees C, at which the triple helical conformation of alkali-treated collagen is retained, the lag time was prolonged and the growth rate reduced. Heat-denatured alkali-treated collagen and MMP1-digested fragments have no inhibitory effect on the fibril formation of acid-soluble collagen. This means that the triple helical conformation and the molecular length are important factors in the interaction of collagen molecules and that alkali-treated collagen acts as a competitive inhibitor for fibril formation of collagen. We found that alkali-treated collagen and MMP1-digested fragments form fibrils that lack the D periodic banding pattern and twisted morphology under acidic conditions at the appropriate ionic strength. We also calculated the relative strengths of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between collagen molecules. When the hydrophobic interaction between linear collagen molecules was considered, we found a pattern of periodic maximization of the interactive force including the D period. On the other hand, the electrostatic interaction did not show the periodic pattern, but the overall interaction score affected fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8601, Japan
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Takeda T, Yoshino K, Adachi E, Sato Y, Yamagata K. In vitro assessment of a chemically synthesized Shiga toxin receptor analog attached to chromosorb P (Synsorb Pk) as a specific absorbing agent of Shiga toxin 1 and 2. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43:331-7. [PMID: 10385199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic analog of Shiga toxin (Stx) receptor (Synsorb Pk) was quantitatively assessed to determine whether it can protect human renal adenocarcinoma cells (ACHN cells) from the cytotoxicity of Stx1 and Stx2 by coincubation experiments. Coincubation of 100 and 20 ng of Stxl and Stx2 with 50 mg of Synsorb Pk for 1 hr at 37 C in 1 ml of Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) non-essential amino acid and 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum protected 50% of the cells from the cytotoxic effect. Chromosorb P, an inert matrix control, did not absorb the Stxs at all. Heat-treatment (boiled for 10 min) to Synsorb Pk caused a 50% decrease in Stx2-binding activity, but did not effect the Stx1 binding. Further, Stxs bound to Synsorb Pk could be demonstrated. When 20 mg of Synsorb Pk was coincubated for 30 min at 37 C in 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline with 1 and 10 ng or more of Stx1 or Stx2, respectively, the toxins could be detected on the surface when the bound toxins on Synsorb Pk were used as the solid phase in enzyme immunoassay. The amount of 100 ng/ml of both Stxl and Stx2 appeared to saturate 20 mg/ml of Synsorb Pk after coincubating for 30 min at 37 C. While assessing the Stxs' binding activity to Synsorb Pk, it was demonstrated that Stxl had a higher affinity to Pk trisaccharide than Stx2. These observations provide useful information on the effectiveness of Synsorb Pk to trap and eliminate free Stxs produced in the gut of patients infected by Stx-producing Escherichia coli, and to prevent the progression of hemorrhagic colitis to hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Adachi E, Okazaki K, Matsushima Y, Seno H, Uchida K, Nakase H, Kawanami C, Nakamura T, Chiba T. Acute pancreatitis secondary to 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Int J Pancreatol 1999; 25:217-21. [PMID: 10453423 DOI: 10.1007/bf02925970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapy with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for ulcerative colitis has been reported to be effective and safe. We describe a case of biochemically proven mild acute pancreatitis occurring after 9 d of oral 5-ASA therapy for ulcerative colitis. A hypersensitivity mechanism seemed to be involved in the development of pancreatitis probably owing to erratic systemic absorption of the drug. We suggest clinical and biochemical monitoring for early diagnosis of pancreatitis in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving 5-ASA administration. This is the first report of acute pancreatitis developed by oral 5-ASA therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the literature of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Endoscopic Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
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Adachi E, Tanaka H, Toyoda N, Takeda T. [Detection of bactericidal antibody in the breast milk of a mother infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1999; 73:451-6. [PMID: 10386025 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A 21 years-old pregnant woman developed diarrhea, fresh bloody stools and abdominal pain on April 6th 1997 at 32 weeks of gestation, and was admitted to the hospital on April 11th. The stool culture on admission was positive for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 (Stx1 and 2). Clinical laboratory data during admission showed only slight elevation of beta-microglobulin and N-acetyl glucosaminidase in the urine, and no neurological or hemolytic symptoms were seen. After the antibiotic and lactobacillus administration, all her symptoms were relieved and no abnormal findings in pregnancy were observed. She delivered a baby girl normally on May 30th. Serum (between 41 and 120 days from the onset) and milk (between 4 and 64 days post partum) samples from the mother, and serum (64 days of age) from a baby and cord blood were obtained to monitor the immune status against EHEC O157:H7 and against Shiga toxins (Stx). Anti-E. coli O157 LPS antibodies (IgA, G and M) were assayed by the ELISA method. Neutralizing anti-Stx antibodies were measured by using ACHN cell cytotoxicity assay. In the colostrum and mature milk, high levels of IgA and IgM, and no IgG antibodies against EHEC O157 LPS were detected. In one of the control colostrum samples obtained from 4 healthy mothers IgA antibody against EHEC O157 LPS was detected. To assess the potency of protection against EHEC O157:H7 by the breast milk, we monitored it by the bactericidal activity for the organism under complement-coincubation experiment, and by the neutralization test for the Stx cytotoxicity. As a result, breast milk samples (both colostrum and mature milk) from a patient were demonstrated to kill the organisms. One of 4 healthy milk samples, showed bactericidal activity though it was negative in O157-LPS antibody. This bactericidal activity seen in one healthy colostrum is possibly due to a nonspecific reaction caused by non-O157 E. coli infection. From these observations, it was suggested that the bactericidal activity was due to the IgM class antibody against EHEC O157:H7. However, the neutralizing antibody against Stx1 and 2 could not be detected in any sample. EHEC infection at late gestation did not cause adverse effects to a fetus, and breastfeeding may have advantage for the protection of a baby against EHEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, National Children's Medical Research Center
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Adachi E, Katsumata O, Yamashina S, Prockop DJ, Fertala A. Collagen II containing a Cys substitution for Arg-alpha1-519. Analysis by atomic force microscopy demonstrates that mutated monomers alter the topography of the surface of collagen II fibrils. Matrix Biol 1999; 18:189-96. [PMID: 10372559 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(99)00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant human procollagen II was prepared that contained a substitution of Cys for Arg at alpha1-519 and that was found in five families with early onset generalized osteoarthritis with or without features of a mild chondrodysplasia. Previously, the presence of mutated monomers in mixtures with wildtype collagen II was shown to increase the lag period for fibril assembly. Also, the fibrils were more loosely packed and some thick fibrils lacked a D-periodic banding pattern. Here we re-examined the fibrils using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The presence of the mutated monomers increased the diameter of the thin filaments that were consistently formed in association with the thick fibrils of collagen II. In addition, the presence of the mutated monomers increased the depth of the gap regions in all fibrils with a distinct D-periodic banding pattern. The results, therefore, may indicate that the mutated monomers formed two or three additional outer layers of monomers in 0D-period staggers on the surface of the fibrils. Apparently, the mutated monomers were bound on the surface through intermolecular disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Hattori S, Adachi E, Ebihara T, Shirai T, Someki I, Irie S. Alkali-treated collagen retained the triple helical conformation and the ligand activity for the cell adhesion via alpha2beta1 integrin. J Biochem 1999; 125:676-84. [PMID: 10101279 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline treatment is a good method for extracting collagen with high recovery even from an aged animal specimen. However, the properties of collagen treated under alkaline conditions have not been well established yet. By the treatment with a solution of 3% sodium hydroxide and 1.9% monomethylamine, the isoelectric point of type I collagen was lowered from 9.3 to 4.8 because of the conversions of Asn and Gln to Asp and Glu. With the acidification of the pI, the denaturation temperature of the collagen was decreased from 42 to 35 degrees C after 20 d treatment, but the collagen-specific triple helical conformation was maintained. Human keratinocytes and fibroblasts adhered to the alkali-treated collagen via the collagen receptor integrin alpha2beta1. This indicates that the alkali-treated collagen maintained its property as a biological adherent molecule. Unlike acid-soluble collagen, alkali-treated collagen lost the ability to form fibrils at neutral pH under physiological conditions. This ability was lost even after 4 h of alkaline treatment, when the denaturation temperature of the collagen did not change. On the other hand, the alkali-treated collagen formed a fibrous precipitate with a uniform diameter of 50-70 nm under acidic conditions at 30 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-8601, Japan.
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