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Moratal S, Magnet A, Izquierdo F, del Águila C, López-Ramon J, Dea-Ayuela MA. Microsporidia in Commercially Harvested Marine Fish: A Potential Health Risk for Consumers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2673. [PMID: 37627464 PMCID: PMC10451485 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are widely spread obligate intracellular fungal pathogens from vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, mainly transmitted by contaminated food and water. This study aims to detect the presence of major human-pathogenic microsporidia, i.e., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in the gastrointestinal tract of commercially harvested marine fish from Mediterranean coast of the Comunidad Valenciana, Eastern Spain. A total of 251 fish, 138 farmed fish and 113 wild fish from commercial fishing were tested by SYBR Green real-time PCR, enabling the simultaneous detection of the four targeted species. E. intestinalis/hellem was found in 1.45% of farmed fish and 7.96% of wild fish, while Enterocytozoonidae was detected in 2.90% and 18.58% of farmed and wild fish, respectively. E. cuniculi was not detected in any of the analyzed specimens. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis/hellem in fish, particularly in marine fish. Although the role of fish in these species' epidemiology remains unknown, this finding points out a potential public health risk linked to fish consumption. Further studies are necessary to characterize these microsporidia in fish hosts better and to elucidate their epidemiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Moratal
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain (J.L.-R.)
| | - Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Carmen del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Jordi López-Ramon
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain (J.L.-R.)
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Ramón y Cajal, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Magnet A, Izquierdo F. Epidemiology of Wildlife Infectious Diseases. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050332. [PMID: 37235415 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of infectious diseases in wildlife has become a severe concern recently, not only in relation to wildlife preservation but also for human health [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprincipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprincipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Vaccaro L, Gomes TS, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Llorens Berzosa S, Ollero D, Salso S, Alhambra A, Gómez C, López Cano M, Pelaz C, Bellido Samaniego B, Del Aguila C, Fenoy S, Hurtado-Marcos C. Legionella feeleii: Ubiquitous Pathogen in the Environment and Causative Agent of Pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707187. [PMID: 34413841 PMCID: PMC8369763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L. feeleii is one of the most frequent Legionella species isolated from natural pools of the central region of Spain. This study aimed to evaluate its ecology and to identify this Legionella species as a respiratory pathogen. A PCR assay for detecting the L. feeleii mip gene was developed to identify it in clinical and environmental samples. Culture and PCR were performed in environmental samples from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Free L. feeleii was only detected in raw water samples (3.4%), while L. feeleii as an Acanthamoeba endosymbiont was found in 30.7% of raw water, 11.5% of decanter biofilm, and 32% of finished water samples. Therefore, Acanthamoeba spp. plays an essential role in the multiplication, persistence, and spread of Legionella species in the environment. The first case of Legionnaires’ disease caused by L. feeleii in Spain is described in this study. The case was diagnosed in an older woman through PCR and sequencing from urine and sputum samples. A respiratory infection could be linked with health care procedures, and the patient presented several risk factors (age, insulin-dependent diabetes, and heart disease). The detection of non-L. pneumophila, such as L. feeleii, is a factor that must be considered when establishing or reviewing measures for the control and prevention of legionellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianna Vaccaro
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thiago Santos Gomes
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Magnet
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Llorens Berzosa
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ollero
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Salso
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe y Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Alhambra
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe y Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe y Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - María López Cano
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe y Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pelaz
- Unidad de Legionella, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Infecciones Bacterianas Transmitidas por Agua y Alimentos, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellido Samaniego
- Unidad de Legionella, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Infecciones Bacterianas Transmitidas por Agua y Alimentos, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Aguila
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hurtado-Marcos
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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Salinas MB, Fenoy S, Magnet A, Vaccaro L, Gomes TD, Hurtado C, Ollero D, Valdivieso E, Del Águila C, Pozuelo MJ, Izquierdo F. Are pathogenic Legionella non-pneumophila a common bacteria in Water Distribution Networks? Water Res 2021; 196:117013. [PMID: 33813251 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzes at the national level, the presence of circulating Legionella in the artificial aquatic systems of different facilities of all of them state-owned centers throughout Spain for 12 months. 1754 water samples from various state-owned centers were collected from January to December 2014. Samples were collected from the cooling towers and evaporative condensers (CTC), and water distribution networks such as domestic hot water (DHW), cold water for human consumption (CW), sprinkler irrigation systems (SIS), fire sprinkler systems (FSS), and water from decorative fountains (DF). All these facilities are considered, according to current regulations, as potential amplifying systems for bacteria and possible sources of infection by the generation of droplets and aerosols. The isolation and counting of Legionella in water samples was carried out using microbiological culture following the international normative UNE-EN-ISO 11,731:2007 (ISO 11,731:1998) and UNE-EN ISO 8199:2008 (ISO 8199:2005).The quantification of Legionella colonization, the annual distribution, and the geographical distribution of the Legionella isolates recovered in the water were analyzed. Besides, molecular techniques were used for the characterization of the Legionella non-pneumophila isolates. Legionella was recovered from 15.79% of the analyzed water samples. High colonization was more frequently detected in water samples from CTC, DHW, CW, and DF. Regarding the geographic distribution, positive samples of Legionella were obtained in 14 of the 18 Spanish locations analyzed. Legionella non-pneumophila was the most prevalent and was isolated from water samples from 13 different geographical locations (72%). Legionella anisa and Legionella jordanis were the most frequently non-pneumophila species isolated. Legionella donaldsonii was isolated for the first time in the water distribution networks in Spain. Legionella pneumophila sg 2-14 was detected in 13 locations and Legionella pneumophila sg 1 in 11 locations. Therefore, our study concludes that the presence of Legionella pneumophila and Legionella non-pneumophila species in these systems can be a potential threat to public health and should be examined thoroughly with complementary techniques, such as molecular techniques as a screen for routine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Beatriz Salinas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Lucianna Vaccaro
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Thiago Ds Gomes
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Dolores Ollero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Elizabeth Valdivieso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Carmen Del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - María José Pozuelo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España.
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Martínez-Padilla A, Caballero-Gómez J, Magnet Á, Gómez-Guillamón F, Izquierdo F, Camacho-Sillero L, Jiménez-Ruiz S, del Águila C, García-Bocanegra I. Zoonotic Microsporidia in Wild Lagomorphs in Southern Spain. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122218. [PMID: 33256050 PMCID: PMC7761411 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protist-like fungal pathogens that infect a broad range of animal species, including humans. This study aimed to assess the presence of zoonotic microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi) in organ meats of European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) consumed by humans in Spain. Between July 2015 and December 2018, kidney samples from 383 wild rabbits and kidney and brain tissues from 79 Iberian hares in southern Spain were tested by species-specific PCR for the detection of microsporidia DNA. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection was confirmed in three wild rabbits (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.0-1.7%) but not in hares (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-4.6%), whereas E. intestinalis DNA was found in one wild rabbit (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.8%) and three Iberian hares (3.8%; 95% CI: 0.0-8.0%). Neither E. hellem nor E. cuniculi infection were detected in the 462 (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.8%) lagomorphs analyzed. The absence of E. hellem and E. cuniculi infection suggests a low risk of zoonotic foodborne transmission from these wild lagomorph species in southern Spain. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis infection in wild rabbits and Iberian hares. The presence of E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis in organ meats from wild lagomorphs can be of public health concern. Additional studies are required to determine the real prevalence of these parasites in European wild rabbit and Iberian hare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Martínez-Padilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.J.-R.); (I.G.-B.)
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957218725
| | - Ángela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.); (F.I.); (C.d.Á.)
| | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Fauna Silvestre en Andalucía (PVE), Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, 29006 Málaga, Spain; (F.G.-G.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.); (F.I.); (C.d.Á.)
| | - Leonor Camacho-Sillero
- Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Fauna Silvestre en Andalucía (PVE), Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, 29006 Málaga, Spain; (F.G.-G.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.J.-R.); (I.G.-B.)
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.); (F.I.); (C.d.Á.)
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (S.J.-R.); (I.G.-B.)
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Gomes TS, Vaccaro L, Magnet A, Izquierdo F, Ollero D, Martínez-Fernández C, Mayo L, Moran M, Pozuelo MJ, Fenoy S, Hurtado C, Del Águila C. Presence and interaction of free-living amoebae and amoeba-resisting bacteria in water from drinking water treatment plants. Sci Total Environ 2020; 719:137080. [PMID: 32114219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous and many isolates have been shown to be infected with amoeba-resisting bacteria, as the example of Acanthamoeba and Legionella interaction. Due to the high environmental prevalence of Acanthamoeba. in the Castilian Plateau (Spain), the aims of this work were to investigate the occurrence of Acanthamoeba and other FLA in water from several sampling points from four Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTP) and to investigate the presence of Legionella spp. and other amoeba-resisting bacteria in biofilms in raw and finished water, taking into account that no legislation exists for this protozoa control. Acanthamoeba was detected at different sampling points, and sand filters seemed to contribute to amoebic enrichment. After ozonation, a temporary decrease in viable amoebae was observed. The genotypes detected were T3, T4, and T5, revealing the first report of genotype T5 in waters from this region. Moreover, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Vermamoeba vermiformis and Paravahlkampfia sp. were detected. Regarding Legionella, PCR detection in raw and finished water was higher than by agar culture, but even higher after Acanthamoeba co-culture. Also, Legionella's presence was higher in raw water than in finished water. The decrease of free Legionella observed from raw (27.5%, by PCR) to finished water (3.4% by PCR) contrasted with the increase of Legionella-infected FLA from raw (30.7%) to finished water (52%). At biofilm, free Legionella was not detected, and the percentage of infected FLA was low (3.8%). Legionella species identified in these samples were L. drozanskii, L. donaldsonii and L. feeleii. Additionally, Acanthamoeba co-culture led to the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, P. fluorecens, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The highly disseminated presence of Acanthamoeba and the detection of amoeba-resisting bacteria inside amoebae highlight the importance of developing methods for controlling FLA in order to limit human pathogenic amoeba-resisting bacteria survival to the water purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Santos Gomes
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Lucianna Vaccaro
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Magnet
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ollero
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Fernández
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mayo
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Moran
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Pozuelo
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Águila
- University San Pablo CEU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urbanización Monteprincipe s/n, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez C, Mondéjar R, García-Díaz N, Cereceda L, León A, Montes S, Durán Vian C, Pérez Paredes MG, González-Morán A, Alegre de Miguel V, Sanz Anquela JM, Frias J, Limeres MA, González LM, Martín Dávila F, Beltrán M, Mollejo M, Méndez JR, González MA, González García J, López R, Gómez A, Izquierdo F, Ramos R, Camacho C, Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Martínez N, Vaqué JP, Ortiz-Romero PL, Piris MA. Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides: role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells pathways. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:147-155. [PMID: 31049933 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malignant mechanisms that control the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are beginning to be identified. Recent evidence suggests that disturbances in specific intracellular signalling pathways, such as RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase, T-cell receptor (TCR)-phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1)-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CTCL. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanisms controlling disease development and progression in mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common form of CTCL. METHODS We collected 100 samples that were submitted for diagnosis of, or a second opinion regarding, MF between 2001 and 2018, 80% of which were in the early clinical stages of the disease. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were used for histological review and to measure the expression by immunohistochemistry of surrogate markers of activation of the TCR-PLCG1-NFAT, JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Folliculotropism and large-cell transformation were also examined. RESULTS NFAT and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) markers showed a comparable activation status in early and advanced stages, while STAT3 activation was more frequent in advanced stages and was associated with large-cell transformation. Consistently with this observation, STAT3 activation occurred in parallel with MF progression in two initially MF-negative cases. A significant association of NFAT with NF-κB markers was also found, reflecting a common mechanism of activation in the two pathways. Genomic studies identified nine mutations in seven genes known to play a potential role in tumorigenesis in T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma, including PLCG1, JAK3 and STAT3, which underlies the activation of these key cell-survival pathways. A higher mutational allele frequency was detected in advanced stages. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that STAT3 is activated in advanced cases and is associated with large-cell transformation, while the activation of NFAT and NF-κB is maintained throughout the disease. These findings could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. What's already known about this topic? Mycosis fungoides is characterized by a clonal expansion of T cells in the skin. The mechanisms controlling disease development and progression are not fully understood. What does this study add? An association of the nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor kappa B pathways was found, which could reflect a common mechanism of activation. These pathways were activated in early and advanced stages at the same level. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation was associated with large-cell transformation and was more frequent in advanced stages. A genomic analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated genes was performed. Nine mutations were detected. What is the translational message? These results could have important implications for the treatment of MF in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mondéjar
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - N García-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Infección, Inmunidad y Patología Digestive, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - L Cereceda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A León
- Pathology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - S Montes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - C Durán Vian
- Dermatology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - M G Pérez Paredes
- Dermatology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - A González-Morán
- Dermatology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - V Alegre de Miguel
- Dermatology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Sanz Anquela
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias and Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Frias
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Limeres
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Canarias, Spain
| | - L M González
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F Martín Dávila
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Beltrán
- Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Mollejo
- Pathology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - J R Méndez
- Pathology Service, Centro Médico de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - M A González
- Pathology Service, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J González García
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R López
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Pathology Service, Hospital de la Marina Baixa, Alicante, Spain
| | - F Izquierdo
- Pathology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - R Ramos
- Pathology Service, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Camacho
- Pathology Service, C.H.U. Insular - Materno Infantil, Gran Canarias, Spain
| | - S M Rodriguez-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Martínez
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vaqué
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Infección, Inmunidad y Patología Digestive, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P L Ortiz-Romero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Institute i+12 Medical School, University Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Piris
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gomes TS, Gjiknuri J, Magnet A, Vaccaro L, Ollero D, Izquierdo F, Fenoy S, Hurtado C, Del Águila C. The Influence of Acanthamoeba- Legionella Interaction in the Virulence of Two Different Legionella Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2962. [PMID: 30568639 PMCID: PMC6290054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Legionella comprises more than 60 species, and about half are associated with infection. Legionella pneumophila is the most commonly associated with these infections and by far the most studied, but L. non-pneumophila species, such as L. feeleii, L. anisa, etc., may also present clinical importance. Free-living amoebae are their preferred environmental host, where these bacteria not only survive but also succeed in multiplying, and this relationship can lead to an increase in bacterial virulence. The goal of this study was to evaluate the alterations of Legionella pathogenicity due to its interaction with Acanthamoeba. For this, the expression of protein effectors SdhA, LegK2, and SidK were evaluated in L. pneumophila and L. feeleii, before and after infecting Acanthamoeba. Additionally, the host response was evaluated by measuring the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ in infected macrophages. Regarding the virulence factors, an increase in SdhA expression was observed after these bacteria infected Acanthamoeba, with a higher increase in the macrophage cultures infected with L. feeleii. Also, an increase in the expression of LegK2 was observed after infecting Acanthamoeba, but it was more intense in the cultures infected with L. pneumophila. With regard to SidK, it was increased in L. feeleii after infecting Acanthamoeba, however the same effect was not observed for L. pneumophila. In cytokine production, the effect on IL-6 and IL-8 was similar for both cytokines, increasing their concentration, but higher production was observed in the cultures infected with L. feeleii, even though it demonstrated slightly lower production with the inoculum obtained from Acanthamoeba. Concerning IFN-γ, induction was observed in both species but higher in the infection by L. pneumophila. Nevertheless, it is not known if this induction is enough to promote an efficient immune response against either L. pneumophila or L. feeleii. Altogether, these alterations seem to increase L. feeleii virulence after infecting Acanthamoeba. However, this increase does not seem to turn L. feeleii as virulent as L. pneumophila. More studies are necessary to understand the aspects influenced in these bacteria by their interaction with Acanthamoeba and, thus, identify targets to be used in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Santos Gomes
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Julia Gjiknuri
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucianna Vaccaro
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ollero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Magnet A, Gomes TS, Pardinas C, Garcia de Blas N, Sadaba C, Carrillo E, Izquierdo F, Del Castillo JMB, Hurtado C, Del Aguila C, Fenoy S. Can artificial tears prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis? An in vitro approach. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 29357901 PMCID: PMC5778793 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of contact lenses has increased in recent years as has the incidence of Dry Eye Syndrome, partly due to their use. Artificial tears are the most common treatment option. Since these changes can facilitate Acanthamoeba infection, the present study has been designed to evaluate the effect of three artificial tears treatments in the viability of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 trophozoites. Optava Fusion™, Oculotect®, and Artelac® Splash were selected due to their formulation. METHODS Viability was assessed using two staining methods, Trypan Blue stain and CTC stain at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h). Trypan Blue viability was obtained by manual count with light microscopy while the CTC stain was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Trypan Blue staining results demonstrated a decrease in viability for Optava Fusion™ and Artelac® Splash during the first 4 h of incubation. After, this effect seems to lose strength. In the case of Oculotect®, complete cell death was observed after 2 h. Using flow cytometry analysis, Optava Fusion™ and Oculotect® exhibited the same effect observed with Trypan Blue staining. However, Artelac® Splash revealed decreasing cell respiratory activity after four hours, with no damage to the cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS The present study uses, for the first time, CTC stain analyzed by flow cytometry to establish Acanthamoeba viability demonstrating its usefulness and complementarity with the traditional stain, Trypan Blue. Artelac® Splash, with no preservatives, and Optava Fusion TM, with Purite®, have not shown any useful amoebicidal activity. On the contrary, promising results presented by Ocultect®, with BAK, open up a new possibility for Acanthamoeba keratitis prophylaxis and treatment although in vivo studies should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thiago Santos Gomes
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Carmen Pardinas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cruz Sadaba
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Carrillo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Hurtado
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Aguila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Izquierdo F, Moura H, Bornay-Llinares FJ, Sriram R, Hurtado C, Magnet Á, Fenoy S, Visvesvara G, Del Aguila C. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon sp. spores and their developmental stages. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:560. [PMID: 29121996 PMCID: PMC5680761 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporidia are intracellular obligate parasites traditionally associated with immunosuppressed patients; their detection in immunocompetent patients has increased, highlighting their possible importance as emerging pathogens. Detection of spores in stools, urine, body fluids and tissues is difficult and immunological techniques such as immunofluorescence have proved to be a useful and reliable tool in the diagnosis of human microsporidiosis. For this reason, we have produced and characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for Encephalitozoon intestinalis (the second most frequent microsporidian infecting humans), and other Encephalitozoon species, that can be used in different diagnostic techniques. Results Seven MAbs were selected in accordance with their optical density (OD). Four (4C4, 2C2, 2E5 and 2H2) were isotype IgG2a; two (3A5 and 3C9) isotype IgG3, and one Mab, 1D7, IgM isotype. The selected monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, immunoelectron microscopy (Immunogold) and in vitro cultures. The study by IFAT showed different behavior depending on the MAbs studied. The MAbs 4C4, 2C2, 2E5 and 2H2 showed reactivity against epitopes in the wall of the spore (exospore and endospore) epitopes located in Encephalitozoon sp. spores, whereas the MAbs 3A5, 1D7 and 3C9 showed reactivity against internal epitopes (cytoplasmic contents or sporoplasm) of E. intestinalis spores. All MAbs recognized the developing parasites in the in vitro cultures of E. intestinalis. Additionally, 59 formalin-fixed stool samples that had been previously analyzed were screened, with 26 (44%) presenting microsporidian spores (18 samples with E. intestinalis and 8 samples with Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Detection of microsporidian spores by microscopy was performed using Calcofluor stain, Modified Trichrome, Quick-Hot Gram Chromotrope, as well as IFAT using MAbs 4C4, 2C2, 2E5 and 2H2. The 4 MAbs tested clearly recognized the larger spores corresponding to E. intestinalis, but showed no reactivity with Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores. The mass spectrometry and proteomic study revealed that the Mabs 4C4, 2C2, 2E5 and 2H2 recognized the Spore Wall Protein 1 (SWP1) as the antigenic target. Conclusions The IFAT-positive MAbs exhibited excellent reactivity against spores and developmental stages, permitting their use in human and animal diagnosis. The epitopes recognized (exospore, endospore and cytoplasmic contents) by the different MAbs developed need further study, and may reveal potential targets for vaccine development, immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain. .,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hercules Moura
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rama Sriram
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Magnet
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Del Aguila
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Vaccaro L, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Hurtado C, Salinas MB, Gomes TS, Angulo S, Salso S, Pelaez J, Tejeda MI, Alhambra A, Gómez C, Enríquez A, Estirado E, Fenoy S, Del Aguila C. Correction: First Case of Legionnaire's Disease Caused by Legionella anisa in Spain and the Limitations on the Diagnosis of Legionella non-pneumophila Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162934. [PMID: 27607064 PMCID: PMC5015958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Peña-Fernández A, Lobo-Bedmar M, Gould F, Khan B, Fenoy S, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Hoosen H, Puente CDADL. Biological contamination of urban soils in Leicester, UK, with Cryptosporidium spp.: A pilot study. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Baho S, Hoosen H, Samarasinghe S, Walsh S, Lobo-Bedmar M, del Águila C, Fenoy S, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Peña-Fernández A. Presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in faecal samples collected in urban parks in Leicester, UK. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Peña-Fernández A, Del Águila C, Fenoy S, Magnet A, Khan B, Gould F, Lobo-Bedmar M, Izquierdo F. Detection of new emerging pathogens microsporidia in recreational areas in Leicester, UK: Potential risks for human health. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Vaccaro L, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Hurtado C, Salinas MA, Gomes TS, Angulo S, Salso S, Pelaez J, Tejeda MI, Alhambra A, Gómez C, Enríquez A, Estirado E, Fenoy S, del Aguila C. First Case of Legionnaire's Disease Caused by Legionella anisa in Spain and the Limitations on the Diagnosis of Legionella non-pneumophila Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159726. [PMID: 27442238 PMCID: PMC4956277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia, with worldwide relevance, caused by Legionella spp. Approximately 90% of all cases of legionellosis are caused by Legionella pneumophila, but other species can also be responsible for this infection. These bacteria are transmitted by inhalation of aerosols or aspiration of contaminated water. In Spain, environmental studies have demonstrated the presence of Legionella non-pneumophila species in drinking water treatment plants and water distribution networks. Aware that this evidence indicates a risk factor and the lack of routine assays designed to detect simultaneously diverse Legionella species, we analyzed 210 urine samples from patients presenting clinical manifestations of pneumonia using a semi-nested PCR for partial amplification of the 16S rDNA gene of Legionella and a diagnostic method used in hospitals for Legionella antigen detection. In this study, we detected a total of 15 cases of legionellosis (7.1%) and the first case of Legionnaires' disease caused by L. anisa in Spain. While the conventional method used in hospitals could only detect four cases (1.9%) produced by L. pneumophila serogroup 1, using PCR, the following species were identified: Legionella spp. (10/15), L. pneumophila (4/15) and L. anisa (1/15). These results suggest the need to change hospital diagnostic strategies regarding the identification of Legionella species associated with this disease. Therefore, the detection of Legionella DNA by PCR in urine samples seems to be a suitable alternative method for a sensitive, accurate and rapid diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia, caused by L. pneumophila and also for L. non-pneumophila species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianna Vaccaro
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Magnet
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireya A. Salinas
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thiago Santos Gomes
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Santiago Angulo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Salso
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pelaez
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Gómez
- Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Enríquez
- Hospital Universitario Carlos III, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Estirado
- Hospital Universitario Carlos III, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen del Aguila
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Ojuromi OT, Duan L, Izquierdo F, Fenoy SM, Oyibo WA, Del Aguila C, Ashafa AOT, Feng Y, Xiao L. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Lagos, Nigeria. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 63:414-8. [PMID: 26662459 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi has improved our understanding of the transmission of both organisms in humans. In this study, to infer possible infection sources, Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in fecal specimens from 90 HIV-infected patients attending antiretroviral clinics in Lagos, Nigeria were detected and genotyped by PCR and DNA sequencing. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were identified in four and five patients, respectively, including the occurrence of subtype IeA11T3G3 of Cryptosporidium hominis in two patients, subtype IIcA5G3k of Cryptosporidium parvum in one patient, and Type IV of E. bieneusi in four patients. Among the remaining positive patients, one had mixed infection of Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. hominis and one had mixed E. bieneusi genotypes. These data highlight a possible difference in major transmission routes (anthroponotic vs. zoonotic) between Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in HIV+ patients in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladele T Ojuromi
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Liping Duan
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | - Soledad M Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Wellington A Oyibo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Carmen Del Aguila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Anofi O T Ashafa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
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17
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Magnet A, Peralta RHS, Gomes TS, Izquierdo F, Fernandez-Vadillo C, Galvan AL, Pozuelo MJ, Pelaz C, Fenoy S, Del Águila C. Vectorial role of Acanthamoeba in Legionella propagation in water for human use. Sci Total Environ 2015; 505:889-895. [PMID: 25461091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Legionella spp. is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and is transmitted through aerosols emanating from man-made water systems. Legionella resistance to water treatments has been related to its association with environmental amoebae such as Acanthamoeba. Due to the high presence of this protozoon in Spain and the high rate of notification of Legionnaires' disease of this country, the aims of this work were to study the coexistence of these bacteria and protozoa in water as well as their interaction. The usefulness of Acanthamoeba co-culture for the isolation of environmental Legionella was also studied. For this purpose, 70 water samples were collected in 2011 from three Drinking Water Treatment Plants, three Wastewater Treatment Plants and five Natural Pools in Spain. Acanthamoeba was found by PCR in 87.1% (61/70) samples and, by culture in 85.7% (60/70) samples. Legionella was detected by PCR in 58.6% (41/70) of water samples, in 5.7% (4/70) by agar culture and 75.7% (53/70) by Acanthamoeba co-culture. From the 54 Acanthamoeba water isolates, Legionella was detected in 43 of them independently of Acanthamoeba's genotype (T3, T4 and T11). Legionella feeleii, Legionella birminghamiensis, Legionella gresilensis/berliardensis, Legionella fairfieldensis, Legionella drozanski and Legionella falloni were identified. In conclusion, our results showed that environmental Acanthamoeba is infected by Legionella to a high percentage, and due to its ubiquity, high resistance and its pathogenic potential per se, new methods for its elimination should be studied. Also, the high effectivity of Acanthamoeba co-culture for Legionella detection has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - R H S Peralta
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - T S Gomes
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - F Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fernandez-Vadillo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - A L Galvan
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Escuela de Microbiología, Grupo de Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M J Pozuelo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Pelaz
- Laboratorio de Legionella, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Moura H, Izquierdo F, Woolfitt AR, Wagner G, Pinto T, del Aguila C, Barr JR. Detection of biomarkers of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri through mass spectrometry and proteomics. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2014; 62:12-20. [PMID: 25231600 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) can be used in the rapid identification of microorganisms. Thus far, these practical and rapidly evolving methods have mainly been applied to characterize prokaryotes. We applied matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS in the analysis of whole cells of 18 N. fowleri isolates belonging to three genotypes. Fourteen originated from the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis patients and four originated from water samples of hot springs, rivers, lakes or municipal water supplies. Whole Naegleria trophozoites grown in axenic cultures were washed and mixed with MALDI matrix. Mass spectra were acquired with a 4700 TOF-TOF instrument. MALDI-TOF MS yielded consistent patterns for all isolates examined. Using a combination of novel data processing methods for visual peak comparison, statistical analysis and proteomics database searching we were able to detect several biomarkers that can differentiate all species and isolates studied, along with common biomarkers for all N. fowleri isolates. Naegleria fowleri could be easily separated from other species within the genus Naegleria. A number of peaks detected were tentatively identified. MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting is a rapid, reproducible, high-throughput alternative method for identifying Naegleria isolates. This method has potential for studying eukaryotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hercules Moura
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, M.S. F-50, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
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Galván-Díaz AL, Magnet A, Fenoy S, Henriques-Gil N, Haro M, Gordo FP, Miró G, del Águila C, Izquierdo F. Microsporidia detection and genotyping study of human pathogenic E. bieneusi in animals from Spain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92289. [PMID: 24651457 PMCID: PMC3961313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites infecting all animal phyla and we present evidence that supports their zoonotic potential. Fecal samples taken from domestic (cats and dogs), farm (pigs, rabbits and ostriches) and wild animals (foxes) from different provinces of Spain were evaluated for microsporidia infection by light microscopy and PCR. After Microsporidia species identification, E. bieneusi genotypes were additionally studied by sequence analysis of the ITS region. Eighty-five samples out of 159 exhibited structures that were compatible with microsporidia spores by Webeŕs stain with 37 of them being confirmed by PCR. Microsporidia species identified included E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis and A. algerae. We report the first diagnosis of E. intestinalis and E. bieneusi in ostriches and A. algerae in pigs. We also provide new information on the molecular characterization of E. bieneusi isolates both in rabbits and ostriches. All of the E. bieneusi genotypes identified belonged to the zoonotic group of genotypes (Group I) including genotypes A (dogs), I (pigs), D (rabbits and foxes) and type IV (ostriches). Our results demonstrate that microsporidia are present in domestic, farm and wild animals in Spain, corroborating their potential role as a source of human infection and environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luz Galván-Díaz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela de Microbiología, Grupo de Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angela Magnet
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuno Henriques-Gil
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Haro
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Miró
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen del Águila
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Galván AL, Magnet A, Izquierdo F, Fernández Vadillo C, Peralta RH, Angulo S, Fenoy S, del Aguila C. A year-long study of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in recreational, drinking and wastewater from the central area of Spain. Sci Total Environ 2014; 468-469:368-375. [PMID: 24041604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A year-long longitudinal study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and freshwater bathing beaches (FBBs) from the central area of Spain. Water samples were collected according to USEPA Method 1623, and concentrated by the IDEXX Filta-Max® system. Cryptosporidium species were detected based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the ssuRNA gene. C. hominis and/or C. parvum isolates were subtyped by DNA sequencing of the Gp60 gene. Among 150 samples, 23 (15.3%) were positive by IFAT and 40 (26.7%) by PCR. Cryptosporidium spp. was more frequent in WWTPs (26.2 and 50.8%) and FBBs (12.5 and 17.5%) by IFAT and PCR respectively. Effluent waters from DWTPs were negative for this parasite suggesting that they are suitable for public use. Tertiary treatment in the WWTPs demonstrated a high removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium in the samples evaluated. Cryptosporidium species identified included C. hominis, C. parvum, C. ubiquitum, C. andersoni and C. muris. Subtyping analysis revealed C. hominis IbA10G2 and IeA11G3T3 alleles, which is the first report of the latter in water samples. Cryptosporidium highest frequency was observed in winter and spring. Our data provide information about the occurrence and diversity of Cryptosporidium in water of human use from the central area of Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Galván
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CP 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Escuela de Microbiología, Grupo de Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia.
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Magnet A, Fenoy S, Galván AL, Izquierdo F, Rueda C, Fernandez Vadillo C, Del Aguila C. A year long study of the presence of free living amoeba in Spain. Water Res 2013; 47:6966-6972. [PMID: 24200005 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris can act as opportunistic parasites on a wide range of vertebrates and they are becoming a serious threat to human health due to the resistance of their cysts to harsh environmental conditions, disinfectants, some water treatment practices and their ubiquitous distribution. This work was carried out in order to study the presence of these free-living amoebae (FLA) and their possible seasonality in a continental-Mediterranean climate in different types of water. For this purpose, a total of 223 water samples were collected during one year from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTP), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Spain. Water samples were concentrated using the IDEXX Filta-Max(®) system and analyzed by a triplex real time PCR that detects Acanthamoeba, B. mandrillaris and Naegleria fowleri. Agar plates were also seeded for Acanthamoeba culture. From the three FLA studied, N. fowleri was not detected in any sample while B. mandrillaris was found at the entrance of a DWTP; this being, to our knowledge, the first report of these protozoa in water worldwide. On the other hand, the presence of Acanthamoeba observed was higher, 94.6% of the studied points were positive by real time PCR and 85.2% by culture, resulting in 99.1% positive for Acanthamoeba with both methods. All genetically analyzed Acanthamoeba were genotype T4 but nine different T4/DF3 sequences were observed, three of them being described for the first time, assigning new codes. No seasonal distribution of Acanthamoeba was found. These facts should serve as a warning to contact lens wearers of the risk of a poor hygiene when handling their contact lenses. It should also serve as a signal to physicians to consider FLA as a possible causative agent of nervous system infections as well as Acanthamoeba keratitis due to their high environmental presence shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Magnet
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Torres G, Izquierdo F, Capó V, López LX, López MC, Limonta D, Fenoy S, Del Águila C, Bornay-Llinares FJ. Genital microsporidiosis in women with AIDS: A post-mortem study. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 30:47-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Galván AL, Magnet A, Izquierdo F, Fenoy S, Rueda C, Fernández Vadillo C, Henriques-Gil N, del Aguila C. Molecular characterization of human-pathogenic microsporidia and Cyclospora cayetanensis isolated from various water sources in Spain: a year-long longitudinal study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:449-59. [PMID: 23124243 PMCID: PMC3553776 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02737-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and some microsporidia. A total of 223 samples from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Madrid, Spain, were analyzed from spring 2008 to winter 2009. Microsporidia were detected in 49% of samples (109/223), Cyclospora spp. were detected in 9% (20/223), and both parasites were found in 5.4% (12/223) of samples. Human-pathogenic microsporidia were detected, including Enterocytozoon bieneusi (C, D, and D-like genotypes), Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi (genotypes I and III), and Anncaliia algerae. C. cayetanensis was identified in 17 of 20 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows a year-long longitudinal study of C. cayetanensis in drinking water treatment plants. Additionally, data about the presence and molecular characterization of the human-pathogenic microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater, and locations of influence during 1 year in Spain are shown. It is noteworthy that although the DWTPs and WWTPs studied meet European and national regulations on water sanitary quality, both parasites were found in water samples from these plants, supporting the idea that new and appropriate controls and regulations for drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters should be proposed to avoid health risks from these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luz Galván
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela de Microbiología, Grupo de Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angela Magnet
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Fenoy
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rueda
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández Vadillo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuno Henriques-Gil
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen del Aguila
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
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España PP, Capelastegui A, Bilbao A, Diez R, Izquierdo F, Lopez de Goicoetxea MJ, Gamazo J, Medel F, Salgado J, Gorostiaga I, Quintana JM. Utility of two biomarkers for directing care among patients with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:3397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Izquierdo F, Castro Hermida JA, Fenoy S, Mezo M, González-Warleta M, del Aguila C. Detection of microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater and recreational rivers. Water Res 2011; 45:4837-4843. [PMID: 21774958 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea is the main health problem caused by human-related microsporidia, and waterborne transmission is one of the main risk factors for intestinal diseases. Recent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology of human microsporidiosis. However, studies related to the presence of microsporidia in different types of waters from countries where human microsporidiosis has been described are still scarce. Thirty-eight water samples from 8 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), 8 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 6 recreational river areas (RRAs) from Galicia (NW Spain) have been analyzed. One hundred liters of water from DWTPs and 50 L of water from WWTPs and RRAs were filtered to recover parasites, using the IDEXX Filta-Max® system. Microsporidian spores were identified by Weber's stain and positive samples were analyzed by PCR, using specific primers for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Encephalitozoon hellem. Microsporidia spores were identified by staining protocols in eight samples (21.0%): 2 from DWTPs, 5 from WWTPs, and 1 from an RRA. In the RRA sample, the microsporidia were identified as E. intestinalis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human-pathogenic microsporidia in water samples from DWTPs, WWTPs and RRAs in Spain. These observations add further evidence to support that new and appropriate control and regulations for drinking, wastewater, and recreational waters should be established to avoid health risks from this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Izquierdo
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CP 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Dado D, Izquierdo F, Vera O, Montoya A, Mateo M, Fenoy S, Galván AL, García S, García A, Aránguez E, López L, del Águila C, Miró G. Detection of zoonotic intestinal parasites in public parks of Spain. Potential epidemiological role of microsporidia. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 59:23-8. [PMID: 21824364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the soil of public parks presents an important source of infection which has a significant impact on public health. Children are the main group affected by accidentally ingestion of contaminated soil. This study was performed in order to identify the presence of zoonotic parasites in dog and cat faecal and soil samples from public parks of Madrid, Spain. Six hundred twenty-five and seventy-nine soil and faecal samples (presumably from dogs and cats) respectively were collected from 67 parks. Intestinal parasites were identified in 27 parks (40.3%), which were contamined with Giardia sp. (19.4%), microsporidia (19.4%), Toxocara spp. (16.4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (6%), Entamoeba histolytica (3%) and Ancylostomidae (3%). Combinations of two or more intestinal parasites were found in 11 parks, and it was common to find Giardia and microsporidia together in samples. Intestinal parasites were detected in 18% (112/625) of soil samples. The most frequent parasite species found in the examined soil samples were Toxocara spp. (16.4%), followed by Giardia sp. (4.5%) and Strongyloides sp. larvae (3%). The zoonotic parasites found in the 79 faecal samples were Giardia sp. (17.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (9%), E. histolytica (2.5%), Trichuris vulpis (1.3%), Toxascaris leonina (1.3%) and microsporidia spores (28%). Microsporidia characterization by amplification of DNA confirmed 10 samples as positive, eight for E. bieneusi and two for E. hellem by PCR. The role of those parasites in the environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bergua J, Carmona MA, Fernandez JP, Silva CC, Carnicero F, Fernandez-Leyva H, Miranda MB, Martín-Mateos M, Izquierdo F, Esparraga EG, Vega NB, Blanco MG. 161 Azacytidine 75mg/m2 ×5 day in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia refractory/relapsed patients: Results from a single centre. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is typically a tropical disease; however, given the large influx of immigrants to our country and the boom in tourism to exotic locations, schistosomiasis should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of certain clinical entities. The flatworm Schistosoma haematobium can cause a large variety of lesions in the urinary tract. The most common sites of involvement are the bladder and the lower third of the ureters, where it can cause lesions ranging from lithiasis and ureteral stenosis to the formation of masses inside the bladder. Ultrasonography is the imaging technique of choice for evaluating these alterations in the bladder; in addition to being fast, noninvasive, and painless, it is very useful for monitoring the response to antihelmintic treatment. We believe that it is essential to know the alterations in the urinary tract caused by this trematode, as this infectious disease that can be cured with Praziquantel might be confused with tumor diseases, such as vesical masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Haro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Montepríncipe 28668 Madrid, Spain
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del Aguila C, Izquierdo F, Granja AG, Hurtado C, Fenoy S, Fresno M, Revilla Y. Encephalitozoon microsporidia modulates p53-mediated apoptosis in infected cells. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:869-76. [PMID: 16753166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are intracellular obligate parasites which have recently been found to be related to fungi. They have a unique extrusion apparatus that is able to inject the sporoplasm directly into the target cell without using receptors. Encephalitozoon microsporidia are a source of morbidity and mortality in humans. It has been suggested that microsporidia may modulate the host cell cycle and apoptosis. We report here that caspase-3 cleavage is inhibited at different times of Vero cell infection by Encephalitozoon microsporidia and that the phosphorylation and translocation of p53 to the nucleus, previous steps for the activation of this protein, do not occur after infection of Vero cells. Consequently, the transcriptional function of p53 is impaired during the infection cycle as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays. Thus, to our knowledge, for the first time it is shown that an intracellular parasite may be able to multiply in the host cell without activating the p53 apoptotic pathway of that cell. However, changes in the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax levels were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C del Aguila
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Bueno B, San-Frutos L, Salazar F, Pérez-Medina T, Engels V, Archilla B, Izquierdo F, Bajo J. Variables that predict the success of labor induction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84:1093-7. [PMID: 16232178 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the clinical and sonographic variables that affect the success of labor induction. METHODS Bishop score, cervical length, and parity were studied in 196 pregnant women in the prediction of successful vaginal delivery within 24 hr of induction. Logistic regression and segmentation analysis were performed. RESULTS Cervical length [odds ratio (OR) 1.089, P<0.001], Bishop score (OR 0.751, P=0.001), and parity (OR 6.85, P<0.001) predict the success of labor induction. The best cut-off points for cervical length were <16.5, 16.5--27, and >27 mm (P=0.0016). In the analysis of the Bishop score, we also obtained three discriminatory points, 0, 1--4, and >4 (P=0.0006), that best predict the labor induction. Finally, in a global analysis of the variables studied, the best statistic sequence that predicts the labor induction was found when we introduced parity in the first place. The success of labor induction in nulliparous was 50.77 and 83.33% in multiparous (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cervical length, Bishop score, and parity predict the success of labor induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Juaneda B, Musquera M, Ochoteco J, Izquierdo F, Villavicencio Mavrich H. Uréter retrocavo. Actas Urol Esp 2005. [DOI: 10.4321/s0210-48062005001000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abreu-Acosta N, Lorenzo-Morales J, Leal-Guio Y, Coronado-Alvarez N, Foronda P, Alcoba-Florez J, Izquierdo F, Batista-Díaz N, Del Aguila C, Valladares B. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (microsporidia) in clinical samples from immunocompetent individuals in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 99:848-55. [PMID: 16111728 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are newly emerging pathogens of humans and animals, with Enterocytozoon bieneusi being the most common causal agent in human microsporidiosis. To determine the presence of E. bieneusi, 273 clinical samples (40 urine, 156 stools, 37 sputum, 9 bronchial aspirates, 5 bronchial washes and 26 pleural fluids) from immunocompetent patients, mainly suffering diarrhoea or pneumonia, in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain were analysed using light microscopy after staining with Weber's chromotrope and by PCR/hybridisation with a specific probe designed to increase the sensitivity of the identification. In this study, detection of E. bieneusi after PCR/hybridisation is reported in 18 (11.54%) of 156 stool samples, 1 (2.5%) of 40 urine samples and 6 (16.22%) of 37 sputum samples. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of E. bieneusi in this subtropical region, showing the increased importance of these parasites as emerging pathogens worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N 38203, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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Haro M, Izquierdo F, Henriques-Gil N, Andrés I, Alonso F, Fenoy S, del Aguila C. First detection and genotyping of human-associated microsporidia in pigeons from urban parks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3153-7. [PMID: 15933015 PMCID: PMC1151808 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.6.3153-3157.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are ubiquitous opportunistic parasites in nature infecting all animal phyla, and the zoonotic potential of this parasitosis is under discussion. Fecal samples from 124 pigeons from seven parks of Murcia (Spain) were analyzed. Thirty-six of them (29.0%) showed structures compatible with microsporidia spores by staining methods. The DNA isolated from 26 fecal samples (20.9%) of microsporidia-positive pigeons was amplified with specific primers for the four most frequent human microsporidia. Twelve pigeons were positive for only Enterocytozoon bieneusi (9.7%), 5 for Encephalitozoon intestinalis (4%), and one for Encephalitozoon hellem (0.8%). Coinfections were detected in eight additional pigeons: E. bieneusi and E. hellem were detected in six animals (4.8%); E. bieneusi was associated with E. intestinalis in one case (0.8%); and E. hellem and E. intestinalis coexisted in one pigeon. No positive samples for Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected. The internally transcribed spacer genotype could be completed for one E. hellem-positive pigeon; the result was identical to the genotype A1 previously characterized in an E. hellem Spanish strain of human origin. To our knowledge, this is the first time that human-related microsporidia have been identified in urban park pigeons. Moreover, we can conclude that there is no barrier to microsporidia transmission between park pigeons and humans for E. intestinalis and E. hellem. This study is of environmental and sanitary interest, because children and elderly people constitute the main visitors of parks and they are populations at risk for microsporidiosis. It should also contribute to the better design of appropriate prophylactic measures for populations at risk for opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haro
- Laboratorio de Genética, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Botero JH, Montoya MN, Vanegas AL, Díaz A, Navarro-i-Martínez L, Bornay FJ, Izquierdo F, del Aguila C, Agudelo SDP. [Frequency of intestinal microsporidian infections in HIV-positive patients, as diagnosis by quick hot Gram chromotrope staining and PCR]. Biomedica 2004; 24:375-84. [PMID: 15678801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are intracellular obligate parasites, today mainly associated with diarrhea in AIDS patients. Microsporidia prevalence ranges from 8% to 52% in different countries, as evaluated by several diagnostic methods, such as the stain test and PCR. In Medellín, Colombia, its frequency is unknown, and hence, a study was undertaken to determine the frequency of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV patients, by means of the quick-hot Gram chromotrope test and the PCR. A prospective and descriptive study of an intentional population of all HIV-positive patients was sent to the Grupo Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de las Parasitosis Intestinales laboratory by institutions treating the HIV-positive patients of Medellín between August 2001 and September 2002. The clinical-epidemiological survey included a serial stool test with direct concentration and special stains for coccidiae and intestinal microsporidia. In addition, counts of lymphocytes TCD4+ and viral load were requested. One hundred and three patients with ages ranging from 2-74 years were evaluated. Seventy percent presented with diarrhea--mostly in men (83.5%). The overall frequency of intestinal microsporidiosis was 3.9% and that of other intestinal parasitic infections was 39.8%. Three of the four patients positive for microsporida were infected with Enterocytozoon bieneusi and one with Encephalitozoon intestinalis. The microsporidiosis frequency was relatively low with 3 of the 4 cases associated with protracted diarrhea, counts of LTCD4+ below 100 cel/microl and viral loads up to 100,000 copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Botero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Orsola A, Diaz I, Caffaratti J, Izquierdo F, Alberola J, Garat JM. Staghorn calculi in children: treatment with monotherapy extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1999; 162:1229-33. [PMID: 10458473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the effectiveness of monotherapy extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWLT) for treating children with staghorn calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS From February 1992 to December 1997, 11 boys and 4 girls 14 months to 13 years old (median age 4 years) presented to our institution with staghorn calculi. In these patients ESWL was performed using a Siemens Lithostar-ULTRA with ultrasound stone localization and with intravenous sedation or without anesthesia. Using the Puigvert method the frequency and energy of the shock waves delivered were increased progressively to desensitize cutaneous nerve receptors, making the procedure less painful and improving stone fragmentation. RESULTS Overall stones resolved in 11 of the 15 patients (73.3%) after an average of 2 ESWL sessions. Of the 11 patients 7 were stone-free after only 1 session, 2 with fragments less than 5 mm. required no further intervention, and 2 required additional surgery, including percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove large residual stone fragments in 1 and open renal surgery to remove a cystine staghorn calculus in 1. Ureteral stents were not required in any patients. One case of post-ESWL fever resolved promptly with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS ESWL using the Siemens Lithostar-ULTRA is simple, effective and safe primary treatment in children with staghorn calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orsola
- Uropediatric and Radiology Units, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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del Aguila C, Izquierdo F, Navajas R, Pieniazek NJ, Miró G, Alonso AI, Da Silva AJ, Fenoy S. Enterocytozoon bieneusi in animals: rabbits and dogs as new hosts. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:8S-9S. [PMID: 10519225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C del Aguila
- Sec. Parasitologia, Fac. CCEE y Técnicas, Univ. San Pablo CEU, Madrid, España.
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Alvarez P, Gomez O, Salazar F, Martinez I, Izquierdo F. R-197. Analysis of the follicular stimulation using a low-dose (step-up) protocol with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) and highly purified urinary FSH (FSH-HP) in artificial insemination and directed coitus. Hum Reprod 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.366-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To delineate the course of serum adenosine deaminase (s-ADA) in patients with tuberculosis who are receiving effective therapy. SETTING A medical ward and an outpatient clinic in a general hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-five immunocompetent patients with pleural or pulmonary tuberculosis. INTERVENTIONS All patients received standard chemotherapeutic regimens with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Six measurements of several variables, including s-ADA, were carried out at different periods of time during the 6 months of follow-up. There were no significant differences in s-ADA values between sexes and there was no significant correlation with age or with the other variables analyzed. There was a significant decline in the s-ADA values during the first 2 months in the patients as a whole (p=0.04), followed by a stabilization of the s-ADA activity. This decline was due to a marked decrease in the s-ADA in the 13 patients (52%) who had initial high levels of the enzyme (p=0.03), whereas there were no changes in those patients with normal initial levels (p=0.27). Patients with increased s-ADA activity at the time of the first measurement reported symptoms for a longer period than patients with normal s-ADA (median, 15 vs 10 days; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS s-ADA levels in patients with tuberculosis decrease during the initial months of effective treatment. Perhaps this decrease might reflect the normalization of the altered lymphocyte turnover induced by tuberculosis. The measurement of s-ADA could be of some help to evaluate the response to therapy, particularly in those patients with increased values of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collazos
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
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Marinelli Ibarreta A, Sánchez Movilla A, Izquierdo F, Burgos Lázaro F, Arce Alvarez A, del Castillo-Olivares Ramos JL. [Morphopathological changes before and after biliodigestive derivation in experimental cirrhosis induced by biliary ligation in the rat]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1995; 87:25-31. [PMID: 7727164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study of the hepatic morphological and biochemical changes in an experimental model of cirrhosis in rat by ligation of the common bile duct before and after bilioduodenal anastomosis. DESIGN Ligation of the common bile duct in a group of 80 female Wistar rats during 30 days. Liver biopsy for histological studies and staining, blood samples for biochemical determination were taken, and a bilioduodenal anastomosis was constructed. 30 days later new liver specimens and blood samples were taken. A control group consisted of 10 rats. RESULTS 30 days after biliary obstruction histological changes were characterized by occurrence of bile canalicular proliferation and portal fibrosis that rounded hepatic lobules. No well-defined nodules indicative of cirrhosis were seen. There was cholestasis with an increase in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminase levels, and a decrease of albumin levels. Survival was 63.7%. Thirty days after biliary diversion (60 days after ligation) the normal lobular pattern was disorganized and regenerative nodules indicative of cirrhosis appeared, separated by narrow fibrous connective tissue septa, in 65% of rats. Bilirubin levels returned to normal values. Alkaline Phosphatase and transaminase levels remained high and albumin levels remained low. Overall survival was 25%. CONCLUSIONS 30 days after biliary obstruction there are no regeneration nodules indicative of cirrhosis. There is a precirrhotic change, biliary fibrosis. Biliary diversion does not improve the histological changes and regeneration nodules and cirrhosis appear in 65% of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli Ibarreta
- Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Laucirica O, Izquierdo F, Martí J, Laguna P, Palou J, Vicente J. [Renal hemangiomas: a clinical case and review of the literature]. Actas Urol Esp 1992; 16:366-70. [PMID: 1636465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal haemangiomas, an unusual cause of renal haematuria, are benign vascular dysplasias of uncertain etiology. Usually asymptomatic, their clinical manifestation is a unilateral renal haematuria associated or not to obstructive urological disease through accumulation of clots in the urinary tract and arterial hypertension when associated to a major arteriovenous shunt. Arteriographic diagnosis is based on the size of the vascular malformation but the absence of findings in the arteriography does not eliminate the presence of small-sized haemangiomas or microhaemangiomas responsible for the renal chronic haematuria, also labelled as "essential haematuria", which sometimes can be diagnosed through endoscopic examination of the renal cavities. This report presents one case of renal haemangioma which appeared as a massive, sudden haematuria and prompted haemodynamic instability requiring haemotherapy. Following arteriographic diagnosis, selective transarterial embolization was undertaken with three modified Gianturco's metal helicoids, to which the patient responded favourably. The report includes a review of the clinical, pathological, diagnostic and therapeutical features of renal haemangiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Laucirica
- Servicio de Radiología, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona
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Lafuente J, Izquierdo F, Gallar P, Simó G, Pérez Díaz M, Camúñez F. [Multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules]. Rev Clin Esp 1988; 182:283-5. [PMID: 2840695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Martínez E, Izquierdo F, Martí J, Zungri E, Zaragozano R. Percutaneous transuretero-ureterostomy in situ. Eur Urol 1988; 14:24-6. [PMID: 3277848 DOI: 10.1159/000472890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endourological techniques allow one to postpone a second, planned intervention--urinary diversion to the intestine--in radical cystectomies with a high surgical risk. PTU consists in introducing one nephrostomy tube percutaneously through one kidney and replacing it by the definitive drainage tube during the surgical procedure after suturing both ureters together.
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Ocon Pujadas J, Novillo R, Ferré J, del Río G, Castellet R, Izquierdo F, Algaba F. Small kidney and hypertension: selection of patients for surgery. Urol Int 1986; 41:95-101. [PMID: 3523925 DOI: 10.1159/000281175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied 37 patients with various degrees of hypertension and a small unilateral kidney. Renal vein renin studies were shown to be positive on 19 occasions and negative on 18. Of those positive, 10 had severe and 1 moderate hypertension. Surgery cured 63.3%. In 27% blood pressure improved and 1 patient failed to respond. Eight patients had mild hypertension with a positive renal vein renin ratio (RVRR), but on observation their home blood pressures were normal without medication and they were not considered for surgery. Eighteen patients with mild hypertension and negative RVRR were also not operated. We believe that RVRR is important for a surgical decision, but only in severe and moderate hypertensives. In mild hypertension, measurement of blood pressure at home is normal on most occasions. These are hyperreactive patients and should not have surgery, regardless of the results of their RVRRs.
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Vicente J, Izquierdo F. [Endoscopic surgery of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract]. Actas Urol Esp 1984; 8:345-52. [PMID: 6524481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ocón J, Novillo R, Villavicencio H, Del Río G, Castellet R, Izquierdo F, Algaba F. Renal tuberculosis and hypertension: value of the renal vein renin ratio. Eur Urol 1984; 10:114-20. [PMID: 6368236 DOI: 10.1159/000463767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We applied the central renal vein renin ratios in a group of patients with unilateral renal tuberculosis and hypertension to see whether the diseased kidney was involved in the pathogenesis of the elevated blood pressure. Of 20 patients 11 were nephrectomized, 7 had positive renal vein renin ratios and normal peripheral plasma renin activity; only 2 kept their blood pressure in control without medication. From 5 without a positive index, only 1 kept his blood pressure in control without medicine 1 year after surgery. The renal vein renin ratio has to be interpreted in light of other parameters, such as blood pressure, peripheral renin--if high the more the chance of being significant--and global renal function. The renal vein renin ratio alone per se gives poor information on the pressor role of a unilateral tuberculous kidney.
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Mallo N, Izquierdo F, Garat JM. [Direct venous route in the metastasis of renal tumors]. Actas Urol Esp 1978; 2:171-4. [PMID: 696454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Méndez-Bauer C, Arroyo J, García Ramos C, Menéndez A, Lavilla M, Izquierdo F, Villa Elízaga I, Zamarriego J. Effects of standing position on spontaneous uterine contractility and other aspects of labor. J Perinat Med 1975; 3:89-100. [PMID: 1185484 DOI: 10.1515/jpme.1975.3.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper has been to compare the uterine contractility, pain produced by contractions and comfort of the patients between standing and supine position. The study has been performed in twenty normal nulliparae who were changed from supine to standing position and viceversa at intervals of approximately thirty minutes. Intrauterine pressure and fetal heart rate were continuously monitored. Cervial dilatation was evaluated every thirty minutes. No medication was given to the patients. They were asked to assess the pain produced by uterine contractions in each one of both positions and which was the more comfortable. It has been found: 1. That the intensity of contractions was significantly higher in fifteen out of the twenty patients in standing position. 2. Frequency of contractions diminished significantly in one third of the patients. 3. Uterine activity increased significantly in half of them. 4. Consistently, less pain accompanied uterine contractions in standing position. 5. Patients reported more comfort in this position. The average duration of labor was 3 hrs 55 min. This duration is short, compared with standard clinical experience and with published data. No complications occurred, by the use of standing position during labor, on the mother or fetus. The physiological mechanisms responsible for the above mentioned effects of standing position are unknown. It is condluced that there are no clear arguments against the use of standing position during labor and that this position should be used more frequently in clinical obstetrics, provided obstetrical conditions are similar to those reported in this paper.
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