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Lien AM, Banki O, Barik SK, Buckeridge JS, Christidis L, Cigliano MM, Conix S, Costello MJ, Hobern D, Kirk PM, Kroh A, Montgomery N, Nikolaeva S, Orrell TM, Pyle RL, Raz L, Thiele K, Thomson SA, van Dijk PP, Wambiji N, Whalen A, Zachos FE, Zhang ZQ, Garnett ST. Widespread support for a global species list with a formal governance system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306899120. [PMID: 37903262 PMCID: PMC10636331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306899120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic data are a scientific common. Unlike nomenclature, which has strong governance institutions, there are currently no generally accepted governance institutions for the compilation of taxonomic data into an accepted global list. This gap results in challenges for conservation, ecological research, policymaking, international trade, and other areas of scientific and societal importance. Consensus on a global list and its management requires effective governance and standards, including agreed mechanisms for choosing among competing taxonomies and partial lists. However, governance frameworks are currently lacking, and a call for governance in 2017 generated critical responses. Any governance system to which compliance is voluntary requires a high level of legitimacy and credibility among those by and for whom it is created. Legitimacy and credibility, in turn, require adequate and credible consultation. Here, we report on the results of a global survey of taxonomists, scientists from other disciplines, and users of taxonomy designed to assess views and test ideas for a new system of taxonomic list governance. We found a surprisingly high degree of agreement on the need for a global list of accepted species and their names, and consistent views on what such a list should provide to users and how it should be governed. The survey suggests that consensus on a mechanism to create, manage, and govern a single widely accepted list of all the world's species is achievable. This finding was unexpected given past controversies about the merits of list governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Lien
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721
| | - Olaf Banki
- Species 2000, Naturalis, Leiden2300 RA, Netherlands
| | - Saroj K. Barik
- Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong793022, India
| | - John S. Buckeridge
- Earth and Oceanic Systems Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3001, Australia
| | - Les Christidis
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW2450, Australia
| | - María Marta Cigliano
- Museo de La Plata, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La PlataB1900FWA, Argentina
| | - Stijn Conix
- Institut Supérieur de Philosophie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-La-Neuve1348, Belgium
| | - Mark John Costello
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø8049, Norway
| | - Donald Hobern
- Atlas of Living Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, LondonTW9 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna1010, Austria
| | - Narelle Montgomery
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, CanberraACT2600, Australia
- Sessional Committee, Scientific Council, Convention in the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn53113, Germany
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, LondonSW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Molluscs, Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow117647, Russia
- Research Laboratory of Stratigraphy of Oil-and-Gas Bearing Reservoirs, Kazan Federal University, Kazan420008, Russia
| | - Thomas M. Orrell
- Informatics and Data Science Center, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC20013
| | | | - Lauren Raz
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá111321, Colombia
| | - Kevin Thiele
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, CanberraACT2600, Australia
| | - Scott A. Thomson
- Centro de Estudos dos Quelônios da Amazônia, Manaus69055-010, Brazil
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, DarwinNT0909, Australia
| | | | - Nina Wambiji
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa80100, Kenya
| | - Anthony Whalen
- National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CanberraACT2601, Australia
| | - Frank E. Zachos
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna1010, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9301, South Africa
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, St Johns, Auckland1072, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, DarwinNT0909, Australia
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Pyle RL, Barik SK, Christidis L, Conix S, Costello MJ, van Dijk PP, Garnett ST, Hobern D, Kirk PM, Lien AM, Orrell TM, Remsen D, Thomson SA, Wambiji N, Zachos FE, Zhang ZQ, Thiele KR. Towards a global list of accepted species V. The devil is in the detail. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Conix S, Garnett ST, Thiele KR, Christidis L, van Dijk PP, Bánki OS, Barik SK, Buckeridge JS, Costello MJ, Hobern D, Kirk PM, Lien A, Nikolaeva S, Pyle RL, Thomson SA, Zhang ZQ, Zachos FE. Towards a global list of accepted species III. Independence and stakeholder inclusion. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Thiele KR, Conix S, Pyle RL, Barik SK, Christidis L, Costello MJ, van Dijk PP, Kirk P, Lien A, Thomson SA, Zachos FE, Zhang ZQ, Garnett ST. Towards a global list of accepted species I. Why taxonomists sometimes disagree, and why this matters. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mittermeier RA, van Dijk PP, Rhodin AG, Nash SD. Turtle Hotspots: An Analysis of the Occurrence of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles in Biodiversity Hotspots, High-Biodiversity Wilderness Areas, and Turtle Priority Areas. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2015. [DOI: 10.2744/ccab-14-01-2-10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Parham JF, Papenfuss TJ, Dijk PPV, Wilson BS, Marte C, Schettino LR, Brian Simison W. Genetic introgression and hybridization in Antillean freshwater turtles (Trachemys) revealed by coalescent analyses of mitochondrial and cloned nuclear markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 67:176-87. [PMID: 23353072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining whether a conflict between gene trees and species trees represents incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or hybridization involving native and/or invasive species has implications for reconstructing evolutionary relationships and guiding conservation decisions. Among vertebrates, turtles represent an exceptional case for exploring these issues because of the propensity for even distantly related lineages to hybridize. In this study we investigate a group of freshwater turtles (Trachemys) from a part of its range (the Greater Antilles) where it is purported to have undergone reticulation events from both natural and anthropogenic processes. We sequenced mtDNA for 83 samples, sequenced three nuDNA markers for 45 samples, and cloned 29 polymorphic sequences, to identify species boundaries, hybridization, and intergrade zones for Antillean Trachemys and nearby mainland populations. Initial coalescent analyses of phased nuclear alleles (using (*)BEAST) recovered a Bayesian species tree that strongly conflicted with the mtDNA phylogeny and traditional taxonomy, and appeared to be confounded by hybridization. Therefore, we undertook exploratory phylogenetic analyses of mismatched alleles from the "coestimated" gene trees (Heled and Drummond, 2010) in order to identify potential hybrid origins. The geography, morphology, and sampling context of most samples with potential introgressed alleles suggest hybridization over ILS. We identify contact zones between different species on Jamaica (T. decussata × T. terrapen), on Hispaniola (T. decorata × T. stejnegeri), and in Central America (T. emolli × T. venusta). We are unable to determine whether the distribution of T. decussata on Jamaica is natural or the result of prehistoric introduction by Native Americans. This uncertainty means that the conservation status of the Jamaican T. decussata populations and contact zone with T. terrapen are unresolved. Human-mediated dispersal events were more conclusively implicated for the prehistoric translocation of T. stejnegeri between Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, as well as the more recent genetic pollution of native species by an invasive pet turtle native to the USA (T. scripta elegans). Finally, we test the impact of introgressed alleles using the multispecies coalescent in a Bayesian framework and show that studies that do not phase heterozygote sequences of hybrid individuals may recover the correct species tree, but overall support for clades that include hybrid individuals may be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Parham
- John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
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Hoffmann M, Hilton-Taylor C, Angulo A, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Carpenter KE, Chanson J, Collen B, Cox NA, Darwall WRT, Dulvy NK, Harrison LR, Katariya V, Pollock CM, Quader S, Richman NI, Rodrigues ASL, Tognelli MF, Vié JC, Aguiar JM, Allen DJ, Allen GR, Amori G, Ananjeva NB, Andreone F, Andrew P, Aquino Ortiz AL, Baillie JEM, Baldi R, Bell BD, Biju SD, Bird JP, Black-Decima P, Blanc JJ, Bolaños F, Bolivar-G W, Burfield IJ, Burton JA, Capper DR, Castro F, Catullo G, Cavanagh RD, Channing A, Chao NL, Chenery AM, Chiozza F, Clausnitzer V, Collar NJ, Collett LC, Collette BB, Cortez Fernandez CF, Craig MT, Crosby MJ, Cumberlidge N, Cuttelod A, Derocher AE, Diesmos AC, Donaldson JS, Duckworth JW, Dutson G, Dutta SK, Emslie RH, Farjon A, Fowler S, Freyhof J, Garshelis DL, Gerlach J, Gower DJ, Grant TD, Hammerson GA, Harris RB, Heaney LR, Hedges SB, Hero JM, Hughes B, Hussain SA, Icochea M J, Inger RF, Ishii N, Iskandar DT, Jenkins RKB, Kaneko Y, Kottelat M, Kovacs KM, Kuzmin SL, La Marca E, Lamoreux JF, Lau MWN, Lavilla EO, Leus K, Lewison RL, Lichtenstein G, Livingstone SR, Lukoschek V, Mallon DP, McGowan PJK, McIvor A, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Muñoz Alonso A, Musick JA, Nowell K, Nussbaum RA, Olech W, Orlov NL, Papenfuss TJ, Parra-Olea G, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pourkazemi M, Racey PA, Ragle JS, Ram M, Rathbun G, Reynolds RP, Rhodin AGJ, Richards SJ, Rodríguez LO, Ron SR, Rondinini C, Rylands AB, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Sanciangco JC, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Schipper J, Self-Sullivan C, Shi Y, Shoemaker A, Short FT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Silvano DL, Smith KG, Smith AT, Snoeks J, Stattersfield AJ, Symes AJ, Taber AB, Talukdar BK, Temple HJ, Timmins R, Tobias JA, Tsytsulina K, Tweddle D, Ubeda C, Valenti SV, van Dijk PP, Veiga LM, Veloso A, Wege DC, Wilkinson M, Williamson EA, Xie F, Young BE, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Blackburn TM, Boitani L, Dublin HT, da Fonseca GAB, Gascon C, Lacher TE, Mace GM, Mainka SA, McNeely JA, Mittermeier RA, Reid GM, Rodriguez JP, Rosenberg AA, Samways MJ, Smart J, Stein BA, Stuart SN. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 2010; 330:1503-9. [PMID: 20978281 DOI: 10.1126/science.1194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
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Buhlmann KA, Akre TSB, Iverson JB, Karapatakis D, Mittermeier RA, Georges A, Rhodin AGJ, van Dijk PP, Gibbons JW. A Global Analysis of Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Distributions with Identification of Priority Conservation Areas. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2009. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0774.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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