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Rabanal FE, Úbeda C, Tejo CF, Lavilla EO. Tree-Holes as Alternative Reproductive Sites of Batrachyla antartandica Barrio, 1967 (Anura: Batrachylidae). South American Journal of Herpetology 2021. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-18-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E. Rabanal
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carmen Úbeda
- Centro Regional Bariloche, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas). Quintral 1250. 8400. San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentin
| | - Camila F. Tejo
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban O. Lavilla
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Miguel Lillo 251. 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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De Oliveira-Lagôa S, Cruz FB, Azócar DLM, Lavilla EO, Abdala V. Anuran forelimb muscle tendinous structures and their relationship with locomotor modes and habitat use. Curr Zool 2019; 65:599-608. [PMID: 31616491 PMCID: PMC6784496 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between organisms and their environment is central in functional morphology. Differences in habitat usage may imply divergent morphology of locomotor systems; thus, detecting which morphological traits are conservative across lineages and which ones vary under environmental pressure is important in evolutionary studies. We studied internal and external morphology in 28 species of Neotropical anurans. Our aim was to determine if internal morphology (muscle and tendons) shows lower phylogenetic signal than external morphology. In addition, we wanted to know if morphology varies in relation to the habitat use and if there are different functional groups. We found differences in the degree of phylogenetic signal on the groups of traits. Interestingly, postaxial regions of the forelimb are evolutionarily more labile than the preaxial regions. Phylomorphospace plots show that arboreal (jumpers and graspers) and swimmer frogs cluster based on length of fingers and the lack of sesamoid, also reflected by the use of habitat. These functional clusters are also related to phylogeny. Sesamoid and flexor plate dimensions together with digit tendons showed to be important to discriminate functional groups as well as use of habitat classification. Our results allow us to identify a "grasping syndrome" in the hand of these frogs, where palmar sesamoid and flexor plate are absent and a third metacarpal with a bony knob are typical. Thus, a lighter skeleton, long fingers and a prensile hand may be key for arboreality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Oliveira-Lagôa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Félix B Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA) Quintral Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Débora L Moreno Azócar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA) Quintral Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Esteban O Lavilla
- Instituto de Herpetología, UEL (Fundación Miguel Lillo - CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (UNT-CONICET) Horco Molle s/n Yerba Buena, Tucumán. Cátedra de Biología General, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
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Abstract
The enigmatic toad Bufo diptychus was described by Cope (1862) based on a single individual (USNM 5841, now lost) of about 25 mm of SVL, collected during the expedition to La Plata River and tributaries, conducted by Captain Page between 1853 and 1856. As no dwarf species of toad was ever recorded in the surveyed area, and based on some tips that arise from Page's narrative, we postulate that the description was based on a toadlet. With this hypothesis in mind, we compared Cope's characterization of B. diptychus with juveniles of all species of Rhinella present in the region, finding an exact match in almost all characters shown by the juveniles of the common "cururú" or "rococo" toad, Rhinella schneideri (Werner 1894). Henceforth, we postulate that R. schneideri is a junior synonym of B. diptychus, under the combination Rhinella diptycha (Cope 1862).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban O Lavilla
- UEL, Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina..
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Lavilla EO, Caballero-Gini A, Bueno-Villafañe D, Cardozo D. Notes on the distribution of the genus Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Paraguay. cl 2016. [DOI: 10.15560/12.6.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four species of Pseudopaludicola, Pseudopaludicola boliviana, P. falcipes, P. mystacalis and P. ternetzi, are usually cited for Paraguay. However, after analyzing 407 specimens assigned to this genus in herpetological collections of the country, we conclude that there are no specimens of P. falcipes in Paraguayan collections or vouchers cited in the literature, and almost all individuals referred to P. ternetzi are most probably P. ameghini. At the same time, a recently described species, P. motorzinho, is recorded for the first time in the country. Information on the distribution of these and the remaining species of Pseudopaludicola in Paraguay (P. boliviana and P. mystacalis) is provided.
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Ruiz-Monachesi MR, Lavilla EO, Montero R. The Skull of Phyllomedusa sauvagii (Anura, Hylidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:557-72. [PMID: 26916578 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hylid genus Phyllomedusa comprises charismatic frogs commonly known as monkey, leaf or green frogs, and is the most diverse genus of the subfamily Phyllomedusinae, including about 31 species. Although there is some information about the anatomy of these frogs, little is known about the osteology. Here the adult skull of Phyllomedusa sauvagii, both articulated and disarticulated, is described and the intraspecific variation is reported. Additionally, cartilage associated with the adult skull, such as the nasal capsules, auditory apparatus, and hyobranchial apparatus, are included in the analysis. Further examination of disarticulated bones reveals their remarkable complexity, specifically in the sphenethmoid and of the oocipital region. The description of disarticulated bones is useful for the identification of fossil remains as well as providing morphological characteristics that are phylogenetically informative. When comparing the skull morphology with the available information of other species of the genus, Phyllomesusa sauvagii skull resembles more that of P. vaillantii and P. venusta than P. atelopoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Ruiz-Monachesi
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,UEL - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Esteban O Lavilla
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,UEL - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Montero
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,UEL - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
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Langone JA, Lavilla EO, De Sá RO, Cardozo D. Comments on the type locality, type series, and geographic distribution of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel, 1867) (Amphibia, Anura). Zootaxa 2015; 4058:145-50. [PMID: 26701516 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pseudopaludicola was erected by Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 to accommodate Liuperus falcipes Hensel, 1867a. Currently, there are 18 recognized species of Pseudopaludicola, with 45% of the species described since 2003. Although Pseudopaludicola falcipes is the type species, Hensel's description lacked designation of type specimens for that species; furthermore, it was based on a series of 30 individuals (without collection numbers or indication of where were they deposited) from "Provinz S[ão]. Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul" (today Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil).
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Langone
- Sección Herpetología. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Casilla de Correo 399. Código Postal 11.000. Montevideo. Uruguay.;
| | - Esteban O Lavilla
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Miguel Lillo 251, 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.;
| | - Rafael O De Sá
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA.;
| | - Darío Cardozo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS). Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Félix de Azara 1552, CPA N3300LQF. Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.;
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Abstract
Rana margaritifera was described by Laurenti in 1768 and currently is associated to the genus Rhinella, under the combination Rhinella margaritifera. Currently, the R. margaritifera species group consists of 16 recognized species. Furthermore, many additional species have been suggested to exist in this group which highlights the ambiguity surrounding the identity of Rhinella margaritifera and impend further description of the species in this group. After an exhaustive bibliographic review, we concluded that the recent designation of a lectotype for R. margaritifera is invalid according with Art. 73, ICZN, 1999. Herein, we designate and provide the description of a neotype for Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768.
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Zaracho VH, Lavilla EO. Diversidad, distribución espacio-temporal y turnos de vocalización de anuros (Amphibia, Anura) en un área ecotonal del nordeste de Argentina. Iheringia, Sér Zool 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620151052199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMEN Estudios acerca de la diversidad e historia natural de comunidades de anuros son elementales para distinguir entre fluctuaciones naturales de aquellas causadas por impactos antrópicos (herramienta clave en programas de conservación), evaluar el papel que juegan en la dinámica de los ecosistemas y permitir comparaciones de gradientes de diversidad. En este contexto, se analiza la diversidad, la distribución temporal y espacial, y los turnos de vocalización de anuros de tres sitios de reproducción en los Esteros del Iberá, en el nordeste de Argentina. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre julio de 2008 y junio de 2010. Se registraron 26 especies pertenecientes a cinco familias: Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (11), Leptodactylidae (11), Microhylidae (1), y Odontophrynidae (1). Se encontraron variaciones en la riqueza de especies por sitio, en el periodo, frecuencia y turno de vocalización y en la abundancia de machos vocalizadores. La riqueza es similar al de otros humedales similares, incluyendo un importante dominio de leptodactílidos e hílidos, patrón frecuente en ensambles neotropicales. La concentración de las especies en actividad de vocalización en los meses más cálidos y lluviosos estuvo asociada con los cambios en la temperatura y en las precipitaciones, las cuales fueron señaladas como algunos de los factores que inician la actividad reproductiva en ambientes estacionales.
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Dubois A, Crochet PA, Dickinson EC, Nemésio A, Aescht E, Bauer AM, Blagoderov V, Bour R, De Carvalho MR, Desutter-Grandcolas L, Frétey T, Jäger P, Koyamba V, Lavilla EO, Löbl I, Louchart A, Malécot V, Schatz H, Ohler A. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany. Zootaxa 2013; 3735:1-94. [PMID: 25278042 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3735.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In zoological nomenclature, to be potentially valid, nomenclatural novelties (i.e., new nomina and nomenclatural acts) need first to be made available, that is, published in works qualifying as publications as defined by the International Code of zoological Nomenclature ("the Code"). In September 2012, the Code was amended in order to allow the recognition of works electronically published online after 2011 as publications available for the purpose of zoological nomenclature, provided they meet several conditions, notably a preregistration of the work in ZooBank. Despite these new Rules, several of the long-discussed problems concerning the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts have not been resolved. The publication of this amendment provides an opportunity to discuss some of these in detail. It is important to note that: (1) all works published only online before 2012 are nomenclaturally unavailable; (2) printed copies of the PDFs of works which do not have their own ISSN or ISBN, and which are not obtainable free of charge or by purchase, do not qualify as publications but must be seen as facsimiles of unavailable works and are unable to provide nomenclatural availability to any nomenclatural novelties they may contain; (3) prepublications online of later released online publications are unavailable, i.e., they do not advance the date of publication; (4) the publication dates of works for which online prepublications had been released are not those of these prepublications and it is critical that the real release date of such works appear on the actual final electronic publication, but this is not currently the case in electronic periodicals that distribute such online prepublications and which still indicate on their websites and PDFs the date of release of prepublication as that of publication of the work; (5) supplementary online materials and subsequent formal corrections of either paper or electronic publications distributed only online are nomenclaturally unavailable; (6) nomenclatural information provided on online websites that do not have a fixed content and format, with ISSN or ISBN, is unavailable. We give precise examples of many of these nomenclatural problems. Several of them, when they arise, are due to the fact that the availability of nomenclatural novelties now depends on information that will have to be sought not from the work itself but from extrinsic evidence. As shown by several examples discussed here, an electronic document can be modified while keeping the same DOI and publication date, which is not compatible with the requirements of zoological nomenclature. Therefore, another system of registration of electronic documents as permanent and inalterable will have to be devised. ZooBank also clearly needs to be improved in several respects. Mention in a work of its registration number (LSID) in ZooBank would seem to be possible only if this registration has occurred previously, but some works that have purportedly been registered in ZooBank are in fact missing on this web application. In conclusion, we offer recommendations to authors, referees, editors, publishers, libraries and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, in the hope that such problems can be limited along with the potential chaos in zoological nomenclature that could result, if careful attention is not paid to the problems we highlight here, from a somewhat misplaced, and perhaps now widespread, understanding that electronic publication of nomenclatural novelties is now allowed and straightforward. We suggest that, as long as the problematic points linked to the new amendment and to electronic publication as a whole are not resolved, nomenclatural novelties continue to be published in paper-printed journals that have so far shown editorial competence regarding taxonomy and nomenclature, which is not the case of several recent electronic-only published journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dubois
- Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France;
| | - Edward C Dickinson
- Trust for Avian Systematics, Flat 3, 19 Bolsover Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN20 7JG, U.K;
| | - André Nemésio
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, S/N, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil;
| | - Erna Aescht
- Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian Museums, J.-W.-Klein-Straße 73, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA;
| | - Vladimir Blagoderov
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Roger Bour
- Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Marcelo R De Carvalho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil;
| | - Laure Desutter-Grandcolas
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 CNRS, Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité (OSEB), 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50 (Entomologie), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;
| | - Thierry Frétey
- Association RACINE, 5, allée des cygnes, 35750 Saint Maugan, France;
| | - Peter Jäger
- Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Victoire Koyamba
- Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Esteban O Lavilla
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina;
| | - Ivan Löbl
- Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, route de Malagnou 1, 1208 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Antoine Louchart
- IGFL, équipe "Evo-dévo de la denture chez les vertébrés", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France;
| | - Valéry Malécot
- UMR 1345 IRHS, Agrocampus Ouest, Centre d'Angers, 2 rue Le Nôtre, 49000 Angers, France;
| | - Heinrich Schatz
- Institut für Zoologie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Annemarie Ohler
- Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
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Abstract
Rana lutea is one of the two anuran species described in 1782 by the Chilean born priest and naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina, and its nomenclatural history is confusing. After a detailed revision of the pertinent literature, we demonstrate that Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799, is a junior objective synonym of Rana lutea Molina, 1782, but based on the usage of both nomina, we revert the precedence and consider Rana lutea Molina, 1782 as a nomen oblitum whereas Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799 is a nomen protectum. Thus, the authorship of the species currently known as Pleurodema thaul (Lesson, 1826) changes to Pleurodema thaul (Schneider, 1799).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana P Ferraro
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Esteban O Lavilla
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo - CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina;
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Faivovich J, Ferraro DP, Basso NG, Haddad CF, Rodrigues MT, Wheeler WC, Lavilla EO. A phylogenetic analysis of Pleurodema (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with comments on the evolution of anuran foam nests. Cladistics 2012; 28:460-482. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Alcaide AP, Alcaide MF, Alcaide FJP, Lavilla EO. The Vesicles ofPhyllomedusa sauvagii(Anura: Hylidae) Nest. J HERPETOL 2011. [DOI: 10.2994/057.006.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hoffmann M, Hilton-Taylor C, Angulo A, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Carpenter KE, Chanson J, Collen B, Cox NA, Darwall WRT, Dulvy NK, Harrison LR, Katariya V, Pollock CM, Quader S, Richman NI, Rodrigues ASL, Tognelli MF, Vié JC, Aguiar JM, Allen DJ, Allen GR, Amori G, Ananjeva NB, Andreone F, Andrew P, Aquino Ortiz AL, Baillie JEM, Baldi R, Bell BD, Biju SD, Bird JP, Black-Decima P, Blanc JJ, Bolaños F, Bolivar-G W, Burfield IJ, Burton JA, Capper DR, Castro F, Catullo G, Cavanagh RD, Channing A, Chao NL, Chenery AM, Chiozza F, Clausnitzer V, Collar NJ, Collett LC, Collette BB, Cortez Fernandez CF, Craig MT, Crosby MJ, Cumberlidge N, Cuttelod A, Derocher AE, Diesmos AC, Donaldson JS, Duckworth JW, Dutson G, Dutta SK, Emslie RH, Farjon A, Fowler S, Freyhof J, Garshelis DL, Gerlach J, Gower DJ, Grant TD, Hammerson GA, Harris RB, Heaney LR, Hedges SB, Hero JM, Hughes B, Hussain SA, Icochea M J, Inger RF, Ishii N, Iskandar DT, Jenkins RKB, Kaneko Y, Kottelat M, Kovacs KM, Kuzmin SL, La Marca E, Lamoreux JF, Lau MWN, Lavilla EO, Leus K, Lewison RL, Lichtenstein G, Livingstone SR, Lukoschek V, Mallon DP, McGowan PJK, McIvor A, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Muñoz Alonso A, Musick JA, Nowell K, Nussbaum RA, Olech W, Orlov NL, Papenfuss TJ, Parra-Olea G, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pourkazemi M, Racey PA, Ragle JS, Ram M, Rathbun G, Reynolds RP, Rhodin AGJ, Richards SJ, Rodríguez LO, Ron SR, Rondinini C, Rylands AB, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Sanciangco JC, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Schipper J, Self-Sullivan C, Shi Y, Shoemaker A, Short FT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Silvano DL, Smith KG, Smith AT, Snoeks J, Stattersfield AJ, Symes AJ, Taber AB, Talukdar BK, Temple HJ, Timmins R, Tobias JA, Tsytsulina K, Tweddle D, Ubeda C, Valenti SV, van Dijk PP, Veiga LM, Veloso A, Wege DC, Wilkinson M, Williamson EA, Xie F, Young BE, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Blackburn TM, Boitani L, Dublin HT, da Fonseca GAB, Gascon C, Lacher TE, Mace GM, Mainka SA, McNeely JA, Mittermeier RA, Reid GM, Rodriguez JP, Rosenberg AA, Samways MJ, Smart J, Stein BA, Stuart SN. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 2010; 330:1503-9. [PMID: 20978281 DOI: 10.1126/science.1194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
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Alcaide MF, Lavilla EO, Alcaide AP. Histology and Histochemistry of the Albumin Glands in Some Foam-Nesting Anurans. South American Journal of Herpetology 2009. [DOI: 10.2994/057.004.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barrionuevo JS, Aguayo R, Lavilla EO. First record of chytridiomycosis in Bolivia (Rhinella quechua; Anura: Bufonidae). Dis Aquat Organ 2008; 82:161-163. [PMID: 19149380 DOI: 10.3354/dao01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The finding of tadpoles of Rhinella quechua (Huayramayu River, Carrasco National Park, Cochabamba, Bolivia) with oral abnormalities caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis constitutes the first record of this fungal infection reported for Bolivian amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastián Barrionuevo
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251 (4000) Tucumán, Argentina.
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Abstract
Eupsophus calcaratus, a leptodactyloid frog from the austral Andean forests of Argentina and Chile, has endotrophic, nidicolous tadpoles. We studied a metamorphic series from Stages 31 to 46 of Gosner's developmental table (1960). Other than the scarce pigmentation, proportionately large eyes, and massive developing hindlimbs, the remaining external characters are similar to those of generalized, exotrophic larvae. At the same time, internal morphology does not reveal any character state attributable to the endotrophic-nidicolous way of life; conversely, structures such as the hyobranchial skeleton and the mandibular cartilages are similar to those of exotrophic-macrophagous tadpoles. The metamorphic process is characterized by the delayed development of diverse structures (e.g., ethmoid region, palatoquadrate, and hyobranchial apparatus), and the retention of some larval characters (e.g., parietal fenestrae, overall absence of ossification) with the absence of development of some "juvenile" characters (e.g., adult otic process, several bones) in metamorphosed individuals. These heterochronic processes and truncation of larval development are related to a shorter larval life (when compared to other species of the austral Andean region) and to the small size at metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Vera Candioti
- CONICET and Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000JFE, Argentina.
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Abstract
After the description of the chondrocranium, hyobranchial apparatus, associated musculature, buccal apparatus, buccopharyngeal cavity, digestive tract, and gut contents, it was possible to define the feeding modes of Scinax nasicus and Hyla nana tadpoles (Gosner Stages 31-36). Scinax nasicus larvae are "typical" microphagous tadpoles, with keratodonts and robust rostrodonts appropriate for rasping surfaces and mincing of food particles; the buccopharyngeal cavity is equipped with filtering structures and has a conspicuous glandular zone and a highly developed branchial basket. In contrast, H. nana tadpoles have a modified buccal apparatus; the reduction of the buccopharyngeal and branchial basket structures, together with the high lever-arm ratio and the great development of the depressor muscles of the buccal floor are indicative of macrophagous feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Vera Candioti
- Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina.
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Abstract
AbstractThe external morphology, oral disc, and coloration pattern of the larva of Pseudis minuta are described. Tadpoles are mostly bottom dwellers that have a small, terminal oral disc with a labial tooth row formula 1(1-1)/(1-1)2. Internal oral anatomy is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, representing the only description available for the family Pseudidae. The coloration pattern of P. minuta tadpoles is compared with that of other pseudids. Pseudis minuta larvae do not exhibit the ontogenetic coloration change reported for P. paradoxa. Considering larval coloration, larval size, and reports of adult size, acceleration or hypermorphosis are suggested as possible heterochronic mechanisms involved in the evolution of Pseudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O. de Sá
- 1Department of Biology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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Abstract
The myology of Rhinoderma darwinii is re-analyzed. Fourteen muscles (m. deltoides scapularis, m. coracoradialis, m. coracobrachialis brevis, m. omohyoideus, m. cucularis, m. interhyoideus, m. levator mandibular posterior externus, m. levator mandibular posterior articularis, m. levator posterior longus, m. geniohyoideus lateralis, m. geniohyoideus medialis, m. intermaxillaris, m. iliofibularis and m. iliofemoralis) are unique with respect to either structure or points of origin and/or insertion. An apical supplementary element of the m. intermandibularis is reported for the first time in the species, and another muscle, associated with the skin of the thigh, is described for the first time among anurans. Myological characters may be useful characters for future systematic and phylogenetic analysis of the Rhinodermatidae, one of the less diversified and enigmatic groups of neotropical frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Manzano
- Instituto de Herpetología Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
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