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Pacifici M, Cristiano A, Lumbierres M, Lucherini M, Mallon D, Meijaard E, Solari S, Tognelli MF, Belant JL, Butynski TM, Cronin D, d'Huart JP, Da Re D, de Jong YA, Dheer A, Fei L, Gallina S, Goodrich JM, Harihar A, Lopez Gonzalez CA, King SRB, Lewison RL, de Melo FR, Napolitano C, Rahman DA, Robinson PT, Robinson T, Rondinini C, Semiadi G, Strier K, Talebi M, Taylor WA, Thiel-Bender C, Ting N, Wiesel I. Drivers of habitat availability for terrestrial mammals: Unravelling the role of livestock, land conversion and intrinsic traits in the past 50 years. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6900-6911. [PMID: 37804212 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The global decline of terrestrial species is largely due to the degradation, loss and fragmentation of their habitats. The conversion of natural ecosystems for cropland, rangeland, forest products and human infrastructure are the primary causes of habitat deterioration. Due to the paucity of data on the past distribution of species and the scarcity of fine-scale habitat conversion maps, however, accurate assessment of the recent effects of habitat degradation, loss and fragmentation on the range of mammals has been near impossible. We aim to assess the proportions of available habitat within the lost and retained parts of mammals' distribution ranges, and to identify the drivers of habitat availability. We produced distribution maps for 475 terrestrial mammals for the range they occupied 50 years ago and compared them to current range maps. We then calculated the differences in the percentage of 'area of habitat' (habitat available to a species within its range) between the lost and retained range areas. Finally, we ran generalized linear mixed models to identify which variables were more influential in determining habitat availability in the lost and retained parts of the distribution ranges. We found that 59% of species had a lower proportion of available habitat in the lost range compared to the retained range, thus hypothesizing that habitat loss could have contributed to range declines. The most important factors negatively affecting habitat availability were the conversion of land to rangeland and high density of livestock. Significant intrinsic traits were those related to reproductive timing and output, habitat breadth and medium body size. Our findings emphasize the importance of implementing conservation strategies to mitigate the impacts caused by human activities on the habitats of mammals, and offer evidence indicating which species have the potential to reoccupy portions of their former range if other threats cease to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pacifici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cristiano
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Lumbierres
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Lucherini
- GECM (Grupo de Ecología comportamental de Mamíferos), INBIOSUR, CONICET-UNS, Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sergio Solari
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Jerrold L Belant
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Thomas M Butynski
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Drew Cronin
- North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Daniele Da Re
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvonne A de Jong
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Arjun Dheer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Li Fei
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Abishek Harihar
- Panthera, New York, New York, USA
- Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sarah R B King
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Avenida Purdue, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Dede Aulia Rahman
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Kampus IPB Dramaga, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Primate Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Service, Kampus IPB Lodaya, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Timothy Robinson
- Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gono Semiadi
- Research Centre for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Karen Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mauricio Talebi
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Programa de Pós Graduação Análise Ambiental Integrada, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Wiesel
- Brown Hyena Research Project, Luderitz, Namibia
- University of Pretoria, Mammal Research Institute, Hatfield, South Africa
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2
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Braun CD, Arostegui MC, Farchadi N, Alexander M, Afonso P, Allyn A, Bograd SJ, Brodie S, Crear DP, Culhane EF, Curtis TH, Hazen EL, Kerney A, Lezama-Ochoa N, Mills KE, Pugh D, Queiroz N, Scott JD, Skomal GB, Sims DW, Thorrold SR, Welch H, Young-Morse R, Lewison RL. Building use-inspired species distribution models: Using multiple data types to examine and improve model performance. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2893. [PMID: 37285072 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are becoming an important tool for marine conservation and management. Yet while there is an increasing diversity and volume of marine biodiversity data for training SDMs, little practical guidance is available on how to leverage distinct data types to build robust models. We explored the effect of different data types on the fit, performance and predictive ability of SDMs by comparing models trained with four data types for a heavily exploited pelagic fish, the blue shark (Prionace glauca), in the Northwest Atlantic: two fishery dependent (conventional mark-recapture tags, fisheries observer records) and two fishery independent (satellite-linked electronic tags, pop-up archival tags). We found that all four data types can result in robust models, but differences among spatial predictions highlighted the need to consider ecological realism in model selection and interpretation regardless of data type. Differences among models were primarily attributed to biases in how each data type, and the associated representation of absences, sampled the environment and summarized the resulting species distributions. Outputs from model ensembles and a model trained on all pooled data both proved effective for combining inferences across data types and provided more ecologically realistic predictions than individual models. Our results provide valuable guidance for practitioners developing SDMs. With increasing access to diverse data sources, future work should further develop truly integrative modeling approaches that can explicitly leverage the strengths of individual data types while statistically accounting for limitations, such as sampling biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camrin D Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin C Arostegui
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nima Farchadi
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Pedro Afonso
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- Okeanos and Institute of Marine Research, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Andrew Allyn
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Daniel P Crear
- ECS Federal, in Support of National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmett F Culhane
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography-Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobey H Curtis
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Alex Kerney
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Dylan Pugh
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | - James D Scott
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory B Skomal
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Braun CD, Lezama-Ochoa N, Farchadi N, Arostegui MC, Alexander M, Allyn A, Bograd SJ, Brodie S, Crear DP, Curtis TH, Hazen EL, Kerney A, Mills KE, Pugh D, Scott JD, Welch H, Young-Morse R, Lewison RL. Widespread habitat loss and redistribution of marine top predators in a changing ocean. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi2718. [PMID: 37556548 PMCID: PMC10411898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico are among the fastest warming ocean regions, a trend that is expected to continue through this century with far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems. We examine the distribution of 12 highly migratory top predator species using predictive models and project expected habitat changes using downscaled climate models. Our models predict widespread losses of suitable habitat for most species, concurrent with substantial northward displacement of core habitats >500 km. These changes include up to >70% loss of suitable habitat area for some commercially and ecologically important species. We also identify predicted hot spots of multi-species habitat loss focused offshore of the U.S. Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coasts. For several species, the predicted changes are already underway, which are likely to have substantial impacts on the efficacy of static regulatory frameworks used to manage highly migratory species. The ongoing and projected effects of climate change highlight the urgent need to adaptively and proactively manage dynamic marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camrin D. Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nima Farchadi
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Martin C. Arostegui
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Andrew Allyn
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Daniel P. Crear
- ECS Federal, in Support of National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Tobey H. Curtis
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alex Kerney
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | | | - Dylan Pugh
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - James D. Scott
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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4
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Mirka B, Stow DA, Paulus G, Loerch AC, Coulter LL, An L, Lewison RL, Pflüger LS. Evaluation of thermal infrared imaging from uninhabited aerial vehicles for arboreal wildlife surveillance. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:512. [PMID: 35715711 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An important component of wildlife management and conservation is monitoring the health and population size of wildlife species. Monitoring the population size of an animal group can inform researchers of habitat use, potential changes in habitat and resulting behavioral adaptations, individual health, and the effectiveness of conservation efforts. Arboreal monkeys are difficult to monitor as their habitat is often poorly accessible and most monkey species have some degree of camouflage, making them hard to observe in and below the tree canopy. Surveys conducted using uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with thermal infrared (TIR) cameras can help overcome these limitations by flying above the canopy and using the contrast between the warm body temperature of the monkeys and the cooler background vegetation, reducing issues with impassable terrain and animal camouflage. We evaluated the technical and procedural elements associated with conducting UAV-TIR surveys for arboreal and terrestrial macaque species. Primary imaging missions and analyses were conducted over a monkey park housing approximately 160 semi-free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We demonstrate Repeat Station Imaging (RSI) procedures using co-registered TIR image pairs facilitate the use of image differencing to detect targets that were moving during rapid sequence imaging passes. We also show that 3D point clouds may be generated from highly overlapping UAV-TIR image sets in a forested setting using structure from motion (SfM) image processing techniques. A point cloud showing area-wide elevation values was generated from TIR imagery, but it lacked sufficient point density to reliably determine the 3D locations of monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Mirka
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas A Stow
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Paulus
- Spatial Information Management, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria
| | - Andrew C Loerch
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lloyd L Coulter
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Li An
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Human-Environment Systems, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lena S Pflüger
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach, Austria
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5
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Rojas IM, Jennings MK, Conlisk E, Syphard AD, Mikesell J, Kinoshita AM, West K, Stow D, Storey E, De Guzman ME, Foote D, Warneke A, Pairis A, Ryan S, Flint LE, Flint AL, Lewison RL. A landscape-scale framework to identify refugia from multiple stressors. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13834. [PMID: 34476838 PMCID: PMC9298232 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
From a conservation perspective, quantifying potential refugial capacity has been predominantly focused on climate refugia, which is critical for maintaining the persistence of species and ecosystems. However, protection from other stressors, such as human-induced changes in fire and hydrology, that cause habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation is also necessary to ensure that conservation efforts focused on climate are not undermined by other threats. Thus, conceptual and methodological advances for quantifying potential refugia from multiple anthropogenic stressors are important to support conservation efforts. We devised a new conceptual approach, the domains of refugia, for assessing refugial capacity that identifies areas where exposure to multiple stressors is low. In our framework, patterns of environmental variability (e.g., increased frequency of warm summers), thresholds of resilience, and extent and intensity of stressors are used to identify areas of potential refugia from a suite of ongoing anthropogenic stressors (e.g., changes in fire regime). To demonstrate its utility, we applied the framework to a Southern California landscape. Sites with high refugial capacity (super-refugia sites) had on average 30% fewer extremely warm summers, 20% fewer fire events, 10% less exposure to altered river channels and riparian areas, and 50% fewer recreational trails than the surrounding landscape. Our results suggest that super-refugia sites (∼8200 km2 ) for some natural communities are underrepresented in the existing protected area network, a finding that can inform efforts to expand protected areas. Our case study highlights how considering exposure to multiple stressors can inform planning and practice to conserve biodiversity in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Rojas
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan K. Jennings
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Conlisk
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Point Blue Conservation SciencePetalumaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra D. Syphard
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Vertus WildfireSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Conservation Biology InstituteLa MesaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jack Mikesell
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alicia M. Kinoshita
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Krista West
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Doug Stow
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuel Storey
- Department of GeographySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diane Foote
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- School of Public AffairsSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Sherry Ryan
- School of Public AffairsSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lorraine E. Flint
- Water Resources DisciplineU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alan L. Flint
- Water Resources DisciplineU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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6
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Clatterbuck CA, Lewison RL, Orben RA, Ackerman JT, Torres LG, Suryan RM, Warzybok P, Jahncke J, Shaffer SA. Foraging in marine habitats increases mercury concentrations in a generalist seabird. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130470. [PMID: 34134398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury concentrations vary widely across geographic space and among habitat types, with marine and aquatic-feeding organisms typically exhibiting higher mercury concentrations than terrestrial-feeding organisms. However, there are few model organisms to directly compare mercury concentrations as a result of foraging in marine, estuarine, or terrestrial food webs. The ecological impacts of differential foraging may be especially important for generalist species that exhibit high plasticity in foraging habitats, locations, or diet. Here, we investigate whether foraging habitat, sex, or fidelity to a foraging area impact blood mercury concentrations in western gulls (Larus occidentalis) from three colonies on the US west coast. Cluster analyses showed that nearly 70% of western gulls foraged primarily in ocean or coastal habitats, whereas the remaining gulls foraged in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Gulls that foraged in ocean or coastal habitats for half or more of their foraging locations had 55% higher mercury concentrations than gulls that forage in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Ocean-foraging gulls also had lower fidelity to a specific foraging area than freshwater and terrestrial-foraging gulls, but fidelity and sex were unrelated to gull blood mercury concentrations in all models. These findings support existing research that has described elevated mercury levels in species using aquatic habitats. Our analyses also demonstrate that gulls can be used to detect differences in contaminant exposure over broad geographic scales and across coarse habitat types, a factor that may influence gull health and persistence of other populations that forage across the land-sea gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachael A Orben
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Leigh G Torres
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Robert M Suryan
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Scott A Shaffer
- San José State University, Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose, CA, USA
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7
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Banerjee SM, Stoll JA, Allen CD, Lynch JM, Harris HS, Kenyon L, Connon RE, Sterling EJ, Naro-Maciel E, McFadden K, Lamont MM, Benge J, Fernandez NB, Seminoff JA, Benson SR, Lewison RL, Eguchi T, Summers TM, Hapdei JR, Rice MR, Martin S, Jones TT, Dutton PH, Balazs GH, Komoroske LM. Species and population specific gene expression in blood transcriptomes of marine turtles. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:346. [PMID: 33985425 PMCID: PMC8117300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic data has demonstrated utility to advance the study of physiological diversity and organisms' responses to environmental stressors. However, a lack of genomic resources and challenges associated with collecting high-quality RNA can limit its application for many wild populations. Minimally invasive blood sampling combined with de novo transcriptomic approaches has great potential to alleviate these barriers. Here, we advance these goals for marine turtles by generating high quality de novo blood transcriptome assemblies to characterize functional diversity and compare global transcriptional profiles between tissues, species, and foraging aggregations. RESULTS We generated high quality blood transcriptome assemblies for hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) turtles. The functional diversity in assembled blood transcriptomes was comparable to those from more traditionally sampled tissues. A total of 31.3% of orthogroups identified were present in all four species, representing a core set of conserved genes expressed in blood and shared across marine turtle species. We observed strong species-specific expression of these genes, as well as distinct transcriptomic profiles between green turtle foraging aggregations that inhabit areas of greater or lesser anthropogenic disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining global gene expression data through non-lethal, minimally invasive sampling can greatly expand the applications of RNA-sequencing in protected long-lived species such as marine turtles. The distinct differences in gene expression signatures between species and foraging aggregations provide insight into the functional genomics underlying the diversity in this ancient vertebrate lineage. The transcriptomic resources generated here can be used in further studies examining the evolutionary ecology and anthropogenic impacts on marine turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Adkins Stoll
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Camryn D Allen
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hawai'i Pacific University, Waimanalo, HI, USA
| | - Heather S Harris
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Kenyon
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor J Sterling
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kathryn McFadden
- School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Margaret M Lamont
- United States Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Benge
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadia B Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott R Benson
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA.,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tomoharu Eguchi
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessy R Hapdei
- Jessy's Tag Services, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, USA
| | - Marc R Rice
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, Kamuela, HI, USA
| | - Summer Martin
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - T Todd Jones
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peter H Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Conlisk E, Haeuser E, Flint A, Lewison RL, Jennings MK. Pairing functional connectivity with population dynamics to prioritize corridors for Southern California spotted owls. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Alan Flint
- USGS California Water Science Center Sacramento CA USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - Megan K. Jennings
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
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9
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Verutes GM, Johnson AF, Caillat M, Ponnampalam LS, Peter C, Vu L, Junchompoo C, Lewison RL, Hines EM. Using GIS and stakeholder involvement to innovate marine mammal bycatch risk assessment in data-limited fisheries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237835. [PMID: 32817725 PMCID: PMC7446845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries bycatch has been identified as the greatest threat to marine mammals worldwide. Characterizing the impacts of bycatch on marine mammals is challenging because it is difficult to both observe and quantify, particularly in small-scale fisheries where data on fishing effort and marine mammal abundance and distribution are often limited. The lack of risk frameworks that can integrate and visualize existing data have hindered the ability to describe and quantify bycatch risk. Here, we describe the design of a new geographic information systems tool built specifically for the analysis of bycatch in small-scale fisheries, called Bycatch Risk Assessment (ByRA). Using marine mammals in Malaysia and Vietnam as a test case, we applied ByRA to assess the risks posed to Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) and dugongs (Dugong dugon) by five small-scale fishing gear types (hook and line, nets, longlines, pots and traps, and trawls). ByRA leverages existing data on animal distributions, fisheries effort, and estimates of interaction rates by combining expert knowledge and spatial analyses of existing data to visualize and characterize bycatch risk. By identifying areas of bycatch concern while accounting for uncertainty using graphics, maps and summary tables, we demonstrate the importance of integrating available geospatial data in an accessible format that taps into local knowledge and can be corroborated by and communicated to stakeholders of data-limited fisheries. Our methodological approach aims to meet a critical need of fisheries managers: to identify emergent interaction patterns between fishing gears and marine mammals and support the development of management actions that can lead to sustainable fisheries and mitigate bycatch risk for species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Verutes
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Campus Do*Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew F. Johnson
- MarFishEco Fisheries Consultants, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Lyell Centre, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cindy Peter
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Long Vu
- Vietnam Marine Megafauna Network, Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Endangered Species, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ellen M. Hines
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States of America
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10
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Hines E, Ponnampalam LS, Junchompoo C, Peter C, Vu L, Huynh T, Caillat M, Johnson AF, Minton G, Lewison RL, Verutes GM. Getting to the bottom of bycatch: a GIS-based toolbox to assess the risk of marine mammal bycatch. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammal bycatch poses a particular challenge in developing countries, where data to document bycatch and its effects are often lacking. Using the Bycatch Risk Assessment (ByRA) toolkit, based on InVEST open-source models, we chose 4 field sites in Southeast Asia with varying amounts of data on marine mammals and fishing occurrence: Trat province in the eastern Gulf of Thailand, the Sibu-Tinggi Islands and Kuching Bay, Malaysia, and Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve in southwestern Vietnam. These field sites have similar species of coastal marine mammals, small-scale and commercial fisheries, and support for research from universities and/or management. In Thailand and Kuching, results showed changing patterns of fishing and Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris habitat use across seasons, showing how bycatch risk could change throughout the year. Risk maps for dugongs Dugong dugon in peninsular Malaysia highlighted patterns of bycatch risk concentrated around a mainland fishing pier, and revealed high risk in a northern subregion. In Vietnam, first maps of bycatch risk for the Irrawaddy dolphin showed the highest risk driven by intensive use of gillnets and trawling gear. ByRA pinpointed areas of spatial and seasonal bycatch exposure, and estimated the consequence of bycatch on local species, providing managers with critical information on where to focus bycatch mitigation and meet new global standards for US Marine Mammal Protection Act and other international regulation (e.g. Official Journal of the European Union 2019; Regulation 2019/1241) compliance. The toolbox, a transferable open-source tool, can be used to guide fisheries management, marine mammal conservation, spatial planning, and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hines
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, and Department of Geography & Environment, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - LS Ponnampalam
- The MareCet Research Organization, 5, Jalan USJ 12/1B 47630 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Junchompoo
- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Chaeng Watthana Road, Lak Si District, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - C Peter
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - L Vu
- Vietnam Marine Megafauna Network, Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Endangered Species, 24, Street No 13, Lakeview City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T Huynh
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Mac Dinh Chi, Ben Nghe, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164, Japan
| | - M Caillat
- Environmental Defense Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - AF Johnson
- MarFishEco Fisheries Consultants, 67/6 Brunswick Street, Edinburgh EH7 5HT, UK
- The Lyell Centre, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - G Minton
- Megaptera Marine Conservation, Laan van Rhemen van Rhemenshuizen 14, 2242 PT Wassenaar, The Netherlands
| | - RL Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182, USA
| | - GM Verutes
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Praza do Obradoiro, 0, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Campus Do*Mar, International Campus of Excellence, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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11
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Dundas SJ, Levine AS, Lewison RL, Doerr AN, White C, Galloway AWE, Garza C, Hazen EL, Padilla‐Gamiño J, Samhouri JF, Spalding A, Stier A, White JW. Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Dundas
- Department of Applied Economics Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Oregon State University Newport Oregon
| | - Arielle S. Levine
- Department of Geography San Diego State University San Diego California
| | | | - Angee N. Doerr
- Oregon Sea Grant Oregon State University Extension Service Newport Oregon
| | - Crow White
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California
| | | | - Corey Garza
- Department of Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay Monterey California
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Monterey California
| | | | - Jameal F. Samhouri
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington
| | - Ana Spalding
- School of Public Policy Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA‐AIP) Panama City Panama
| | - Adrian Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California
| | - J. Wilson White
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Oregon State University Newport Oregon
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12
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Maxwell SM, Scales KL, Bograd SJ, Briscoe DK, Dewar H, Hazen EL, Lewison RL, Welch H, Crowder LB. Seasonal spatial segregation in blue sharks (
Prionace glauca
) by sex and size class in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Washington Bothell Washington
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Global Change Ecology Research Group University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Australia
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Dana K. Briscoe
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Nelson New Zealand
| | - Heidi Dewar
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla California
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | | | - Heather Welch
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division Monterey California
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California
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13
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Trego ML, Whitehead A, Kellar NM, Lauf M, Lewison RL. Tracking transcriptomic responses to endogenous and exogenous variation in cetaceans in the Southern California Bight. Conserv Physiol 2019; 7:coz018. [PMID: 31110768 PMCID: PMC6518923 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine wildlife populations are adapted to survive in highly dynamic environments. However, identifying the effects of endogenous versus exogenous variables on marine mammal physiology remains a substantial challenge in part because of the logistical constraints that limit the collection of physiological data in free-ranging animals. Measuring genome-wide gene expression is one minimally invasive method that can be used to elucidate how free-ranging cetaceans' physiological responses shift with changing environmental conditions or demographic states, i.e. reproductive status and maturity. We identified transcriptomic differences among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Southern California Bight using RNAseq data from the skin of 75 individuals to examine gene expression associated with sex, pregnancy status, sea surface temperature, geographic location and ecotype. We identified transcriptomic variation between two genetically distinct ecotypes as well as variation related to environmental conditions among groups that exhibit little evidence of genetic divergence. Specifically, we found differential expression of genes associated with structural development, cellular starvation and immune response. Sex and pregnancy status explained a small proportion of the observed variation, in contrast to sea surface temperature, which explained a substantial amount of transcriptomic variation. However, these measured variables did not account for all of the differential expression observed between ecotypes and among geographically distinct groups. Additional research is needed to identify other endogenous or exogenous factors that may be contributing to observed transcriptomic differences among ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Trego
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kellar
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Morgane Lauf
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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Lewison RL, Johnson AF, Gan J, Pelc R, Westfall K, Helvey M. Accounting for unintended consequences of resource policy: Connecting research that addresses displacement of environmental impacts. Conserv Lett 2019; 12:e12628. [PMID: 31423151 PMCID: PMC6686692 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resource policies enacted to protect environmental integrity play an important role in promoting sustainability. However, when resources are shared ecologically, economically, or through a common, global interest, policies implemented to protect resource sustainability in one domain can displace, and in some cases magnify, environmental degradation to other domains. Although such displacement has been recognized as a fundamental challenge to environmental and conservation policy within some resource sectors, there has been little cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral integration to address the problem. This suggests that siloed knowledge may be impeding widespread recognition of the ubiquity of displacement and the need for mitigation. Here, we connect research across multiple disciplines to promote a broader discussion and recognition of the processes and pathways that can lead to displaced impacts that countermand or undermine resource policy and outline a number of approaches that can mitigate displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianbang Gan
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Robin Pelc
- California State University Monterey BaySeasideCalifornia
| | | | - Mark Helvey
- NOAA Fisheries West Coast RegionLong BeachCalifornia
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15
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Trego ML, Hoh E, Whitehead A, Kellar NM, Lauf M, Datuin DO, Lewison RL. Contaminant Exposure Linked to Cellular and Endocrine Biomarkers in Southern California Bottlenose Dolphins. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:3811-3822. [PMID: 30852886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cetaceans in the Southern California Bight (SCB) are exposed to high levels of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs), which have previously been linked to impaired reproductive health and immune responses. We used a combination of molecular tools to examine the potential physiological impacts of HOC exposure in two bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus) ecotypes in the SCB. We quantified 25 HOCs in the blubber of 22 biopsies collected from males between 2012 and 2016. We then analyzed genome-wide gene expression in skin using RNA-sequencing and measured blubber testosterone to compare HOC exposure with cellular and endocrine biomarkers. We found high levels of HOCs in both ecotypes with significantly higher total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), and chlordane-related compounds in the coastal ecotype versus the offshore ecotype. We found evidence of PBDE bioaccumulation in both ecotypes, however, the pattern of bioaccumulation or endocrine disruption for other HOCs was different between the ecotypes, suggesting potential endocrine disruption in the coastal ecotype. We also observed correlations between HOCs and gene coexpression networks enriched for xenobiotic metabolism, hormone metabolism, and immune response that could indicate cellular effects from HOC exposure. By integrating measurements of HOC load with both transcriptome profiling and endocrine biomarkers, our approach provides insight into HOC exposure and potential impacts on wild cetacean health in southern California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Trego
- Department of Biology , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California-Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California-Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Nicholas M Kellar
- Ocean Associates, Incorporated, under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Arlington , Virginia 22207 , United States
| | - Morgane Lauf
- Ocean Associates, Incorporated, under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Arlington , Virginia 22207 , United States
| | - Dana O Datuin
- School of Public Health , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
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16
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Drake KK, Aiello CM, Bowen L, Lewison RL, Esque TC, Nussear KE, Waters SC, Hudson PJ. Complex immune responses and molecular reactions to pathogens and disease in a desert reptile ( Gopherus agassizii). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2516-2534. [PMID: 30891197 PMCID: PMC6405529 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune function plays an important role in an animal's defense against infectious disease. In reptiles, immune responses may be complex and counterintuitive, and diagnostic tools used to identify infection, such as induced antibody responses are limited. Recent studies using gene transcription profiling in tortoises have proven useful in identifying immune responses to various intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. As part of a larger experiment with Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), we facilitated the transmission of the pathogenic bacteria, Mycoplasma agassizii (Myag), to naïve adults and measured innate and induced immune reactions over time. Specifically, we evaluated clinical condition, presence of Myag in the nasal/oral cavity, induced antibody responses specific to Myag, and measured molecular reactions (gene transcript profiles) in 15 captive tortoises classified as naïve, exposed, or infected and 14 wild tortoises for comparison. Myag was confirmed inside the nasal/oral cavity in exposed tortoises within 30-60 days of introduction to infected animals, yet we did not detect Myag specific induced antibody responses in these individuals until 420-595 days post exposure. Surprisingly, we found no overall differences in the gene transcript profiles between our experimental treatment groups throughout this study. This work highlights the complexities in assessing immune function and diagnosing pathogen related infections in tortoises and other reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kristina Drake
- Western Ecological Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyHendersonNevada
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia
- Graduate Group in EcologyUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Christina M. Aiello
- Western Ecological Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyHendersonNevada
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
| | - Lizabeth Bowen
- Western Ecological Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyDavisCalifornia
| | | | - Todd C. Esque
- Western Ecological Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyHendersonNevada
| | | | - Shannon C. Waters
- Western Ecological Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyDavisCalifornia
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
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17
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Hazen EL, Scales KL, Maxwell SM, Briscoe DK, Welch H, Bograd SJ, Bailey H, Benson SR, Eguchi T, Dewar H, Kohin S, Costa DP, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. A dynamic ocean management tool to reduce bycatch and support sustainable fisheries. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar3001. [PMID: 29854945 PMCID: PMC5976278 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is an essential source of protein for more than 3 billion people worldwide, yet bycatch of threatened species in capture fisheries remains a major impediment to fisheries sustainability. Management measures designed to reduce bycatch often result in significant economic losses and even fisheries closures. Static spatial management approaches can also be rendered ineffective by environmental variability and climate change, as productive habitats shift and introduce new interactions between human activities and protected species. We introduce a new multispecies and dynamic approach that uses daily satellite data to track ocean features and aligns scales of management, species movement, and fisheries. To accomplish this, we create species distribution models for one target species and three bycatch-sensitive species using both satellite telemetry and fisheries observer data. We then integrate species-specific probabilities of occurrence into a single predictive surface, weighing the contribution of each species by management concern. We find that dynamic closures could be 2 to 10 times smaller than existing static closures while still providing adequate protection of endangered nontarget species. Our results highlight the opportunity to implement near real-time management strategies that would both support economically viable fisheries and meet mandated conservation objectives in the face of changing ocean conditions. With recent advances in eco-informatics, dynamic management provides a new climate-ready approach to support sustainable fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott L. Hazen
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Woods Institute Visiting Scholar, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- University of the Sunshine Coast, School of Science and Engineering, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Dana K. Briscoe
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Scott R. Benson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Tomo Eguchi
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Heidi Dewar
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Suzy Kohin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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18
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Clatterbuck CA, Lewison RL, Dodder NG, Zeeman C, Schiff K. Seabirds as regional biomonitors of legacy toxicants on an urbanized coastline. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:460-469. [PMID: 29156266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are often cited as sentinels of the marine environment, but are rarely used in traditional ocean and coastal contaminant monitoring. Four classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs, n=68) and three trace elements (mercury, selenium, and arsenic) were measured in the eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni), caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and western gulls (Larus occidentalis) that nest in the Southern California Bight. Building on a periodic five year regional monitoring program, we measured contaminant exposure and assessed the utility of seabirds as regional contaminant biomonitors. We found that the eggs of larger, more piscivorous species generally had the highest concentrations of POPs and trace elements while California least terns had the lowest concentrations, except for mercury which was higher in least terns. As expected, DDT concentrations were elevated near the Palos Verdes Superfund site. However, we also detected a previously unknown latitudinal pattern in PBDE concentrations in least terns. POP congener profiles also confirmed differences in contamination in urban least tern colonies closest to urban centers. Though toxicants were at detectable levels across species and sites, concentrations were below those known to cause adverse effects in avian taxa and are steady or declining compared to previous studies in this region. Our results suggest that regional seabird monitoring can inform site-specific remediation and support management and protection of regionally-threatened wildlife and coastal systems. Integration of seabird contaminant data with traditional sediment, water, bivalve and fish monitoring is needed to further our understanding of exposure pathways and food web contaminant transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Clatterbuck
- San Diego State University, Biology Department, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California-Davis, Graduate Group in Ecology, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Zeeman
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Office, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Schiff
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
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Burgess MG, McDermott GR, Owashi B, Peavey Reeves LE, Clavelle T, Ovando D, Wallace BP, Lewison RL, Gaines SD, Costello C. Protecting marine mammals, turtles, and birds by rebuilding global fisheries. Science 2018; 359:1255-1258. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Trego ML, Hoh E, Kellar NM, Meszaros S, Robbins MN, Dodder NG, Whitehead A, Lewison RL. Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3101-3109. [PMID: 29397698 PMCID: PMC6301072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While environmental pollutants have been associated with changes in endocrine health in cetaceans, efforts to link contaminant exposure with hormones have largely been limited to a list of known, targeted contaminants, overlooking minimally characterized or unknown compounds of emerging concern. To address this gap, we analyzed a suite of potential endocrine disrupting halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in blubber from 16 male short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis) with known maturity status collected from fishery bycatch in the Southern California Bight. We employed a suspect screening mass spectrometry-based method to investigate a wide range of HOCs that were previously observed in cetaceans from the same region. Potential endocrine effects were assessed through the measurement of blubber testosterone. We detected 167 HOCs, including 81 with known anthropogenic sources, 49 of unknown origin, and 37 with known natural sources. The sum of 11 anthropogenic and 4 unknown HOC classes were negatively correlated with blubber testosterone. Evidence suggests that elevated anthropogenic HOC load contributes to impaired testosterone production in mature male D. delphis. The application of this integrative analytical approach to cetacean contaminant analysis allows for inference of the biological consequences of accumulation of HOCs and prioritization of compounds for future environmental toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L. Trego
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Corresponding Author, Phone: (858) 546-7066
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Kellar
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, MMTD, NMFS, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sara Meszaros
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle N. Robbins
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - USA
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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21
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Briscoe DK, Fossette S, Scales KL, Hazen EL, Bograd SJ, Maxwell SM, McHuron EA, Robinson PW, Kuhn C, Costa DP, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. Characterizing habitat suitability for a central-place forager in a dynamic marine environment. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2788-2801. [PMID: 29531695 PMCID: PMC5838083 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing habitat suitability for a marine predator requires an understanding of the environmental heterogeneity and variability over the range in which a population moves during a particular life cycle. Female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are central-place foragers and are particularly constrained while provisioning their young. During this time, habitat selection is a function of prey availability and proximity to the rookery, which has important implications for reproductive and population success. We explore how lactating females may select habitat and respond to environmental variability over broad spatial and temporal scales within the California Current System. We combine near-real-time remotely sensed satellite oceanography, animal tracking data (n = 72) from November to February over multiple years (2003-2009) and Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to determine the probability of sea lion occurrence based on environmental covariates. Results indicate that sea lion presence is associated with cool (<14°C), productive waters, shallow depths, increased eddy activity, and positive sea-level anomalies. Predictive habitat maps generated from these biophysical associations suggest winter foraging areas are spatially consistent in the nearshore and offshore environments, except during the 2004-2005 winter, which coincided with an El Niño event. Here, we show how a species distribution model can provide broadscale information on the distribution of female California sea lions during an important life history stage and its implications for population dynamics and spatial management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K. Briscoe
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
| | - Sabrina Fossette
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Department of Parks and WildlifeKensingtonWAAustralia
| | - Kylie L. Scales
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
- University of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQldAustralia
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterEnvironmental Research DivisionNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration MontereyMontereyCAUSA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McHuron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Patrick W. Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Carey Kuhn
- Marine Mammal LaboratoryAlaska Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeattleWAUSA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine StationPacific GroveCAUSA
- Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford UniversityMontereyCAUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring & ManagementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
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22
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Scales KL, Hazen EL, Maxwell SM, Dewar H, Kohin S, Jacox MG, Edwards CA, Briscoe DK, Crowder LB, Lewison RL, Bograd SJ. Fit to predict? Eco-informatics for predicting the catchability of a pelagic fish in near real time. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:2313-2329. [PMID: 28833890 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ocean is a dynamic environment inhabited by a diverse array of highly migratory species, many of which are under direct exploitation in targeted fisheries. The timescales of variability in the marine realm coupled with the extreme mobility of ocean-wandering species such as tuna and billfish complicates fisheries management. Developing eco-informatics solutions that allow for near real-time prediction of the distributions of highly mobile marine species is an important step towards the maturation of dynamic ocean management and ecological forecasting. Using 25 yr (1990-2014) of NOAA fisheries' observer data from the California drift gillnet fishery, we model relative probability of occurrence (presence-absence) and catchability (total catch per gillnet set) of broadbill swordfish Xiphias gladius in the California Current System. Using freely available environmental data sets and open source software, we explore the physical drivers of regional swordfish distribution. Comparing models built upon remotely sensed data sets with those built upon a data-assimilative configuration of the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), we explore trade-offs in model construction, and address how physical data can affect predictive performance and operational capacity. Swordfish catchability was found to be highest in deeper waters (>1,500 m) with surface temperatures in the 14-20°C range, isothermal layer depth (ILD) of 20-40 m, positive sea surface height (SSH) anomalies, and during the new moon (<20% lunar illumination). We observed a greater influence of mesoscale variability (SSH, wind speed, isothermal layer depth, eddy kinetic energy) in driving swordfish catchability (total catch) than was evident in predicting the relative probability of presence (presence-absence), confirming the utility of generating spatiotemporally dynamic predictions. Data-assimilative ROMS circumvent the limitations of satellite remote sensing in providing physical data fields for species distribution models (e.g., cloud cover, variable resolution, subsurface data), and facilitate broad-scale prediction of dynamic species distributions in near real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L Scales
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 99 Pacific Street, Suite #255A, Monterey, California, 93940, USA
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 99 Pacific Street, Suite #255A, Monterey, California, 93940, USA
| | - Sara M Maxwell
- Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, USA
| | - Heidi Dewar
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Suzanne Kohin
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Michael G Jacox
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 99 Pacific Street, Suite #255A, Monterey, California, 93940, USA
| | - Christopher A Edwards
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Dana K Briscoe
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, USA
| | - Larry B Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, USA
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 99 Pacific Street, Suite #255A, Monterey, California, 93940, USA
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23
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Tredick CA, Lewison RL, Deutschman DH, Hunt TANN, Gordon KL, Von Hendy P. A Rubric to Evaluate Citizen-Science Programs for Long-Term Ecological Monitoring. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Johnson AF, Caillat M, Verutes GM, Peter C, Junchompoo C, Long V, Ponnampalam LS, Lewison RL, Hines EM. Poor fisheries struggle with U.S. import rule. Science 2017; 355:1031-1032. [PMID: 28280175 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Johnson
- Gulf of California Marine Program, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Marine Biology Research Division, The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego CA 92093-0205, USA.
| | - Marjolaine Caillat
- Department of Geography and Environment, Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | | | - Cindy Peter
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chalatip Junchompoo
- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Vu Long
- Vietnam Marine Mammal Network and The School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Louisa S Ponnampalam
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The MareCet Research Organization, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Ellen M Hines
- Department of Geography and Environment, Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
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25
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Gaos AR, Lewison RL, Jensen MP, Liles MJ, Henriquez A, Chavarria S, Pacheco CM, Valle M, Melero D, Gadea V, Altamirano E, Torres P, Vallejo F, Miranda C, LeMarie C, Lucero J, Oceguera K, Chácon D, Fonseca L, Abrego M, Seminoff JA, Flores EE, Llamas I, Donadi R, Peña B, Muñoz JP, Ruales DA, Chaves JA, Otterstrom S, Zavala A, Hart CE, Brittain R, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Mangel J, Yañez IL, Dutton PH. Natal foraging philopatry in eastern Pacific hawksbill turtles. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:170153. [PMID: 28878969 PMCID: PMC5579084 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex processes involved with animal migration have long been a subject of biological interest, and broad-scale movement patterns of many marine turtle populations still remain unresolved. While it is widely accepted that once marine turtles reach sexual maturity they home to natal areas for nesting or reproduction, the role of philopatry to natal areas during other life stages has received less scrutiny, despite widespread evidence across the taxa. Here we report on genetic research that indicates that juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the eastern Pacific Ocean use foraging grounds in the region of their natal beaches, a pattern we term natal foraging philopatry. Our findings confirm that traditional views of natal homing solely for reproduction are incomplete and that many marine turtle species exhibit philopatry to natal areas to forage. Our results have important implications for life-history research and conservation of marine turtles and may extend to other wide-ranging marine vertebrates that demonstrate natal philopatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Gaos
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Ocean Associates Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Jensen
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Ocean Associates Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Liles
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ana Henriquez
- ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Chavarria
- ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Mario Pacheco
- ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Valle
- ProCosta, San Salvador, El Salvador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Melero
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Velkiss Gadea
- Marine Turtles Department, Fauna & Flora International, Managua, Nicaragua
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Altamirano
- Marine Turtles Department, Fauna & Flora International, Managua, Nicaragua
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Perla Torres
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional de Mexico, Mazatlán, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Vallejo
- Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Miranda
- Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carolina LeMarie
- Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Lucero
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias, A.C, La Paz, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Oceguera
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias, A.C, La Paz, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Didiher Chácon
- Latin American Sea Turtles, Tibás, Costa Rica
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luis Fonseca
- Latin American Sea Turtles, Tibás, Costa Rica
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marino Abrego
- Conservación de Recursos Costeros y Marinos, Ministerio del Ambiente de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Seminoff
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric E. Flores
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Panama City, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panama City, Panama
| | - Israel Llamas
- Campamento Tortuguero Mayto, A.C., Mayto, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bernardo Peña
- Conservación de Recursos Costeros y Marinos, Ministerio del Ambiente de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Marine Ecology Department, Universidad San Francisco de Quito/Galapagos Science Center, San Cristóbal, Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Alarcòn Ruales
- Marine Ecology Department, Universidad San Francisco de Quito/Galapagos Science Center, San Cristóbal, Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jaime A. Chaves
- Marine Ecology Department, Universidad San Francisco de Quito/Galapagos Science Center, San Cristóbal, Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Otterstrom
- Paso Pacifico, Managua, Nicaragua
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan Zavala
- Unidad Sinaloa, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Catherine E. Hart
- Red Tortuguera, A.C, Guayabitos, Mexico
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Brittain
- Akazul, La Barrona, Guatemala
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto
- Marine Turtle Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
- Marine Biology Department, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mangel
- Marine Turtle Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
- Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter H. Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Drake KK, Bowen L, Lewison RL, Esque TC, Nussear KE, Braun J, Waters SC, Miles AK. Coupling gene-based and classic veterinary diagnostics improves interpretation of health and immune function in the Agassiz's desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii). Conserv Physiol 2017; 5:cox037. [PMID: 28835840 PMCID: PMC5550616 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of blood constituents is a widely used tool to aid in monitoring of animal health and disease. However, classic blood diagnostics (i.e. hematologic and plasma biochemical values) often do not provide sufficient information to determine the state of an animal's health. Field studies on wild tortoises and other reptiles have had limited success in drawing significant inferences between blood diagnostics and physiological and immunological condition. However, recent research using gene transcription profiling in the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) has proved useful in identifying immune or physiologic responses and overall health. To improve our understanding of health and immune function in tortoises, we evaluated both standard blood diagnostic (body condition, hematologic, plasma biochemistry values, trace elements, plasma proteins, vitamin A levels) and gene transcription profiles in 21 adult tortoises (11 clinically abnormal; 10 clinically normal) from Clark County, NV, USA. Necropsy and histology evaluations from clinically abnormal tortoises revealed multiple physiological complications, with moderate to severe rhinitis or pneumonia being the primary cause of morbidity in all but one of the examined animals. Clinically abnormal tortoises had increased transcription for four genes (SOD, MyD88, CL and Lep), increased lymphocyte production, biochemical enzymes and organics, trace elements of copper, and decreased numbers of leukocytes. We found significant positive correlations between increased transcription for SOD and increased trace elements for copper, as well as genes MyD88 and Lep with increased inflammation and microbial insults. Improved methods for health assessments are an important element of monitoring tortoise population recovery and can support the development of more robust diagnostic measures for ill animals, or individuals directly impacted by disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kristina Drake
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Las Vegas Field Station, 160 N. Stephanie Street, Henderson, NV 89074, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Lizabeth Bowen
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis Field Station, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Todd C. Esque
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Las Vegas Field Station, 160 N. Stephanie Street, Henderson, NV 89074, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Nussear
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Josephine Braun
- Wildlife Disease Laboratories, Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, PO Box 120551, San Diego, CA 92112, USA
| | - Shannon C. Waters
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis Field Station, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - A. Keith Miles
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Las Vegas Field Station, 160 N. Stephanie Street, Henderson, NV 89074, USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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McGowan J, Beger M, Lewison RL, Harcourt R, Campbell H, Priest M, Dwyer RG, Lin HY, Lentini P, Dudgeon C, McMahon C, Watts M, Possingham HP. Integrating research using animal-borne telemetry with the needs of conservation management. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McGowan
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Biology Department; San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr; San Diego CA 92182-4614 USA
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; School of the Environment; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT 0909 Australia
| | - Mark Priest
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; The University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ross G. Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Hsien-Yung Lin
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Pia Lentini
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic 3010 Australia
| | - Christine Dudgeon
- School of Biomedical Science; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Clive McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
| | - Matt Watts
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
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28
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Gaos AR, Lewison RL, Liles MJ, Gadea V, Altamirano E, Henríquez AV, Torres P, Urteaga J, Vallejo F, Baquero A, LeMarie C, Muñoz JP, Chaves JA, Hart CE, Peña de Niz A, Chácon D, Fonseca L, Otterstrom S, Yañez IL, LaCasella EL, Frey A, Jensen MP, Dutton PH. Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1251-64. [PMID: 26941950 PMCID: PMC4761781 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to 2008 and the discovery of several important hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting colonies in the EP (Eastern Pacific), the species was considered virtually absent from the region. Research since that time has yielded new insights into EP hawksbills, salient among them being the use of mangrove estuaries for nesting. These recent revelations have raised interest in the genetic characterization of hawksbills in the EP, studies of which have remained lacking to date. Between 2008 and 2014, we collected tissue samples from 269 nesting hawksbills at nine rookeries across the EP and used mitochondrial DNA sequences (766 bp) to generate the first genetic characterization of rookeries in the region. Our results inform genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeography of the species. Hawksbills in the EP demonstrate low genetic diversity: We identified a total of only seven haplotypes across the region, including five new and two previously identified nesting haplotypes (pooled frequencies of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively), the former only evident in Central American rookeries. Despite low genetic diversity, we found strong stock structure between the four principal rookeries, suggesting the existence of multiple populations and warranting their recognition as distinct management units. Furthermore, haplotypes EiIP106 and EiIP108 are unique to hawksbills that nest in mangrove estuaries, a behavior found only in hawksbills along Pacific Central America. The detected genetic differentiation supports the existence of a novel mangrove estuary "reproductive ecotype" that may warrant additional conservation attention. From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo-Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. Additional research with larger sample sizes and variable markers will help further genetic understanding of hawksbill turtles in the EP.
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Dillingham PW, Moore JE, Fletcher D, Cortes E, Curtis KA, James KC, Lewison RL. Improved estimation of intrinsic growth r(max) for long-lived species: integrating matrix models and allometry. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:322-333. [PMID: 27039528 DOI: 10.1890/14-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic population growth rate (r(max)) is an important parameter for many ecological applications, such as population risk assessment and harvest management. However, r(max) can be a difficult parameter to estimate, particularly for long-lived species, for which appropriate life table data or abundance time series are typically not obtainable. We describe a method for improving estimates of r(max) for long-lived species by integrating life-history theory (allometric models) and population-specific demographic data (life table models). Broad allometric relationships, such as those between life history traits and body size, have long been recognized by ecologists. These relationships are useful for deriving theoretical expectations for r(max), but r(max) for real populations may vary from simple allometric estimators for "archetypical" species of a given taxa or body mass. Meanwhile, life table approaches can provide population-specific estimates of r(max) from empirical data, but these may have poor precision from imprecise and missing vital rate parameter estimates. Our method borrows strength from both approaches to provide estimates that are consistent with both life-history theory and population-specific empirical data, and are likely to be more robust than estimates provided by either method alone. Our method uses an' allometric constant: the product of r(max) and the associated generation time for a stable-age population growing at this rate. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the mean and variance of this allometric constant across well-studied populations from three vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals, and elasmobranchs) and found that the mean was approximately 1.0 for each taxon. We used these as informative Bayesian priors that determine how much to "shrink" imprecise vital rate estimates for a data-limited population toward the allometric expectation. The approach ultimately provides estimates of r(max) (and other vital rates) that reflect a balance of information from the individual studied population, theoretical expectation, and meta-analysis of other populations. We applied the method specifically to an archetypical petrel (representing the genus Procellaria) and to white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the context of estimating sustainable-fishery bycatch limits.
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McDonald SL, Lewison RL, Read AJ. Evaluating the efficacy of environmental legislation: A case study from the US marine mammal Take Reduction Planning process. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Jennings
- San Diego State University Biology Department5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182‐4614USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- San Diego State University Biology Department5500 Campanile DriveSan DiegoCA92182‐4614USA
| | - T. Winston Vickers
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health CenterUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Walter M. Boyce
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health CenterUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
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Soykan CU, Lewison RL. Using community-level metrics to monitor the effects of marine protected areas on biodiversity. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:775-783. [PMID: 25572325 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used to protect species, communities, and their associated habitats, among other goals. Measuring MPA efficacy can be challenging, however, particularly when considering responses at the community level. We gathered 36 abundance and 14 biomass data sets on fish assemblages and used meta-analysis to evaluate the ability of 22 distinct community diversity metrics to detect differences in community structure between MPAs and nearby control sites. We also considered the effects of 6 covariates-MPA size and age, MPA size and age interaction, latitude, total species richness, and level of protection-on each metric. Some common metrics, such as species richness and Shannon diversity, did not differ consistently between MPA and control sites, whereas other metrics, such as total abundance and biomass, were consistently different across studies. Metric responses derived from the biomass data sets were more consistent than those based on the abundance data sets, suggesting that community-level biomass differs more predictably than abundance between MPA and control sites. Covariate analyses indicated that level of protection, latitude, MPA size, and the interaction between MPA size and age affect metric performance. These results highlight a handful of metrics, several of which are little known, that could be used to meet the increasing demand for community-level indicators of MPA effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, U.S.A
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Millow CJ, Mackintosh SA, Lewison RL, Dodder NG, Hoh E. Identifying bioaccumulative halogenated organic compounds using a nontargeted analytical approach: seabirds as sentinels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127205. [PMID: 26020245 PMCID: PMC4447384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are typically monitored via targeted mass spectrometry, which potentially identifies only a fraction of the contaminants actually present in environmental samples. With new anthropogenic compounds continuously introduced to the environment, novel and proactive approaches that provide a comprehensive alternative to targeted methods are needed in order to more completely characterize the diversity of known and unknown compounds likely to cause adverse effects. Nontargeted mass spectrometry attempts to extensively screen for compounds, providing a feasible approach for identifying contaminants that warrant future monitoring. We employed a nontargeted analytical method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) to characterize halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in California Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) eggs. Our study identified 111 HOCs; 84 of these compounds were regularly detected via targeted approaches, while 27 were classified as typically unmonitored or unknown. Typically unmonitored compounds of note in bird eggs included tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPM), tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), triclosan, permethrin, heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (MBP), as well as four halogenated unknown compounds that could not be identified through database searching or the literature. The presence of these compounds in Black skimmer eggs suggests they are persistent, bioaccumulative, potentially biomagnifying, and maternally transferring. Our results highlight the utility and importance of employing nontargeted analytical tools to assess true contaminant burdens in organisms, as well as to demonstrate the value in using environmental sentinels to proactively identify novel contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Millow
- Ecology Program Area, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan A. Mackintosh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Ecology Program Area, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, United States of America
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
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McCauley DJ, Dawson TE, Power ME, Finlay JC, Ogada M, Gower DB, Caylor K, Nyingi WD, Githaiga JM, Nyunja J, Joyce FH, Lewison RL, Brashares JS. Carbon stable isotopes suggest that hippopotamus‐vectored nutrients subsidize aquatic consumers in an East African river. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00514.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA
| | - Todd E. Dawson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
| | - Mary E. Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
| | - Jacques C. Finlay
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Mordecai Ogada
- Conservation Solutions Afrika, P.O. Box 880, Nanyuki 10400 Kenya
| | - Drew B. Gower
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Kelly Caylor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Wanja D. Nyingi
- National Museums of Kenya, Ichthyology Section, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M. Githaiga
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Nyunja
- Kenya Wildlife Service, Wetlands Program, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis H. Joyce
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-4614 USA
| | - Justin S. Brashares
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
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Hinderle D, Lewison RL, Walde AD, Deutschman D, Boarman WI. The effects of homing and movement behaviors on translocation: Desert tortoises in the western Mojave Desert. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danna Hinderle
- San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive; San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive; San Diego CA 92182-4614 USA
| | - Andrew D. Walde
- Walde Research & Environmental Consulting; 8000 San Gregorio Road, Atascadero; CA 93422 USA
| | - Doug Deutschman
- San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive; San Diego CA 92182-4614 USA
| | - William I. Boarman
- Conservation Science Research and Consulting; Spring Valley; CA USA
- San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive; San Diego CA 92182-4614 USA
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Rochman CM, Lewison RL, Eriksen M, Allen H, Cook AM, Teh SJ. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish tissue may be an indicator of plastic contamination in marine habitats. Sci Total Environ 2014; 476-477:622-33. [PMID: 24496035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of plastic debris in pelagic habitats of the subtropical gyres is a global phenomenon of growing concern, particularly with regard to wildlife. When animals ingest plastic debris that is associated with chemical contaminants, they are at risk of bioaccumulating hazardous pollutants. We examined the relationship between the bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in myctophid fish associated with plastic debris and plastic contamination in remote and previously unmonitored pelagic habitats in the South Atlantic Ocean. Using a published model, we defined three sampling zones where accumulated densities of plastic debris were predicted to differ. Contrary to model predictions, we found variable levels of plastic debris density across all stations within the sampling zones. Mesopelagic lanternfishes, sampled from each station and analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exhibited variability in contaminant levels, but this variability was not related to plastic debris density for most of the targeted compounds with the exception of PBDEs. We found that myctophid sampled at stations with greater plastic densities did have significantly larger concentrations of BDE#s 183 -209 in their tissues suggesting that higher brominated congeners of PBDEs, added to plastics as flame-retardants, are indicative of plastic contamination in the marine environment. Our results provide data on a previously unsampled pelagic gyre and highlight the challenges associated with characterizing plastic debris accumulation and associated risks to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Rochman
- Aquatic Health Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marcus Eriksen
- 5 Gyres Institute, 2122 S. Spaulding Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA
| | - Harry Allen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9, Superfund Division, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Anna-Marie Cook
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9, Superfund Division, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Swee J Teh
- Aquatic Health Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wallace BP, Kot CY, DiMatteo AD, Lee T, Crowder LB, Lewison RL. Impacts of fisheries bycatch on marine turtle populations worldwide: toward conservation and research priorities. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00388.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gaos AR, Lewison RL, Yañez IL, Wallace BP, Liles MJ, Nichols WJ, Baquero A, Hasbún CR, Vasquez M, Urteaga J, Seminoff JA. Shifting the life-history paradigm: discovery of novel habitat use by hawksbill turtles. Biol Lett 2012; 8:54-6. [PMID: 21880620 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are typically described as open-coast, coral reef and hard substrate dwellers. Here, we report new satellite tracking data on female hawksbills from several countries in the eastern Pacific that revealed previously undocumented behaviour for adults of the species. In contrast to patterns of habitat use exhibited by their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts, eastern Pacific hawksbills generally occupied inshore estuaries, wherein they had strong associations with mangrove saltwater forests. The use of inshore habitats and affinities with mangrove saltwater forests presents a previously unknown life-history paradigm for adult hawksbill turtles and suggests a potentially unique evolutionary trajectory for the species. Our findings highlight the variability in life-history strategies that marine turtles and other wide-ranging marine wildlife may exhibit among ocean regions, and the importance of understanding such disparities from an ecological and management perspective.
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Komoroske LM, Lewison RL, Seminoff JA, Deustchman DD, Deheyn DD. Trace metals in an urbanized estuarine sea turtle food web in San Diego Bay, CA. Sci Total Environ 2012; 417-418:108-116. [PMID: 22261404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
San Diego Bay is an anthropogenically impacted waterway that is also a critical habitat for many sensitive species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). In this study, we quantified trace metal concentrations in sediment and organisms composing the green sea turtle diet, and identified bioaccumulation patterns for a suite of trace metals. We found Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn exhibited the highest bioaccumulation levels in this food web. Cu and Mn concentrations in resident biota displayed a strong spatial gradient from the mouth to the head of the Bay, which was different from the patterns found in the sediment itself. Sediment median concentrations followed a general pattern across the bay of Al>Mn>Cu≈Zn>Pb>As>Cd>Ag>Se>Hg. In contrast, eelgrass displayed differential patterns in the mouth versus the back of the Bay (three front Bay sites: Al>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Se>Cd≈Ag>As; five back Bay sites: Mn>Al>Zn>Cu>Pb≈Se>Cd>Ag>Hg>As) with the exception of Shelter Island where levels of Zn and Cu were elevated as a result of anti-fouling paint pollution. Observed differences between sediment and biota metal patterns are likely due to complex processes related to trace metals input and bioavailability, habitat characteristics and specific metabolic functioning of the trace metals for each member of the food web. These data highlight the fact that for the San Diego Bay ecosystem, the current use of toxicity reference values scaled up from sediment and invertebrate testing ex-situ is likely to be inaccurate when transposed to the green sea turtle. Here, we illustrate how identifying spatial variability in metal exposure can improve our understanding of habitat utilization by sea turtles in highly urbanized estuaries. Monitoring contaminants directly in food webs of sensitive vertebrates may greatly improve our understanding of their direct and indirect exposure to potentially deleterious contamination, and should be considered in the future to improve traditional risk assessment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Biology and Coastal & Marine Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, United States.
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Zydelis R, Lewison RL, Shaffer SA, Moore JE, Boustany AM, Roberts JJ, Sims M, Dunn DC, Best BD, Tremblay Y, Kappes MA, Halpin PN, Costa DP, Crowder LB. Dynamic habitat models: using telemetry data to project fisheries bycatch. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:3191-200. [PMID: 21429921 PMCID: PMC3169031 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries bycatch is a recognized threat to marine megafauna. Addressing bycatch of pelagic species however is challenging owing to the dynamic nature of marine environments and vagility of these organisms. In order to assess the potential for species to overlap with fisheries, we propose applying dynamic habitat models to determine relative probabilities of species occurrence for specific oceanographic conditions. We demonstrate this approach by modelling habitats for Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) using telemetry data and relating their occurrence probabilities to observations of Hawaii-based longline fisheries in 1997-2000. We found that modelled habitat preference probabilities of black-footed albatrosses were high within some areas of the fishing range of the Hawaiian fleet and such preferences were important in explaining bycatch occurrence. Conversely, modelled habitats of Laysan albatrosses overlapped little with Hawaii-based longline fisheries and did little to explain the bycatch of this species. Estimated patterns of albatross habitat overlap with the Hawaiian fleet corresponded to bycatch observations: black-footed albatrosses were more frequently caught in this fishery despite being 10 times less abundant than Laysan albatrosses. This case study demonstrates that dynamic habitat models based on telemetry data may help to project interactions with pelagic animals relative to environmental features and that such an approach can serve as a tool to guide conservation and management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Zydelis
- Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Laboratory Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
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Komoroske LM, Lewison RL, Seminoff JA, Deheyn DD, Dutton PH. Pollutants and the health of green sea turtles resident to an urbanized estuary in San Diego, CA. Chemosphere 2011; 84:544-52. [PMID: 21549409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid expansion of coastal anthropogenic development means that critical foraging and developmental habitats often occur near highly polluted and urbanized environments. Although coastal contamination is widespread, the impact this has on long-lived vertebrates like the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is unclear because traditional experimental methods cannot be applied. We coupled minimally invasive sampling techniques with health assessments to quantify contaminant patterns in a population of green turtles resident to San Diego Bay, CA, a highly urbanized and contaminated estuary. Several chemicals were correlated with turtle size, suggesting possible differences in physiological processes or habitat utilization between life stages. With the exception of mercury, higher concentrations of carapace metals as well as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and γ chlordane in blood plasma relative to other sea turtle studies raises important questions about the chemical risks to turtles resident to San Diego Bay. Mercury concentrations exceeded immune function no-effects thresholds and increased carapace metal loads were correlated with higher levels of multiple health markers. These results indicate immunological and physiological effects studies are needed in this population. Our results give insight into the potential conservation risk contaminants pose to sea turtles inhabiting this contaminated coastal habitat, and highlight the need to better manage and mitigate contaminant exposure in San Diego Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, United States.
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Hoffmann M, Hilton-Taylor C, Angulo A, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Carpenter KE, Chanson J, Collen B, Cox NA, Darwall WRT, Dulvy NK, Harrison LR, Katariya V, Pollock CM, Quader S, Richman NI, Rodrigues ASL, Tognelli MF, Vié JC, Aguiar JM, Allen DJ, Allen GR, Amori G, Ananjeva NB, Andreone F, Andrew P, Aquino Ortiz AL, Baillie JEM, Baldi R, Bell BD, Biju SD, Bird JP, Black-Decima P, Blanc JJ, Bolaños F, Bolivar-G W, Burfield IJ, Burton JA, Capper DR, Castro F, Catullo G, Cavanagh RD, Channing A, Chao NL, Chenery AM, Chiozza F, Clausnitzer V, Collar NJ, Collett LC, Collette BB, Cortez Fernandez CF, Craig MT, Crosby MJ, Cumberlidge N, Cuttelod A, Derocher AE, Diesmos AC, Donaldson JS, Duckworth JW, Dutson G, Dutta SK, Emslie RH, Farjon A, Fowler S, Freyhof J, Garshelis DL, Gerlach J, Gower DJ, Grant TD, Hammerson GA, Harris RB, Heaney LR, Hedges SB, Hero JM, Hughes B, Hussain SA, Icochea M J, Inger RF, Ishii N, Iskandar DT, Jenkins RKB, Kaneko Y, Kottelat M, Kovacs KM, Kuzmin SL, La Marca E, Lamoreux JF, Lau MWN, Lavilla EO, Leus K, Lewison RL, Lichtenstein G, Livingstone SR, Lukoschek V, Mallon DP, McGowan PJK, McIvor A, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Muñoz Alonso A, Musick JA, Nowell K, Nussbaum RA, Olech W, Orlov NL, Papenfuss TJ, Parra-Olea G, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pourkazemi M, Racey PA, Ragle JS, Ram M, Rathbun G, Reynolds RP, Rhodin AGJ, Richards SJ, Rodríguez LO, Ron SR, Rondinini C, Rylands AB, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Sanciangco JC, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Schipper J, Self-Sullivan C, Shi Y, Shoemaker A, Short FT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Silvano DL, Smith KG, Smith AT, Snoeks J, Stattersfield AJ, Symes AJ, Taber AB, Talukdar BK, Temple HJ, Timmins R, Tobias JA, Tsytsulina K, Tweddle D, Ubeda C, Valenti SV, van Dijk PP, Veiga LM, Veloso A, Wege DC, Wilkinson M, Williamson EA, Xie F, Young BE, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Blackburn TM, Boitani L, Dublin HT, da Fonseca GAB, Gascon C, Lacher TE, Mace GM, Mainka SA, McNeely JA, Mittermeier RA, Reid GM, Rodriguez JP, Rosenberg AA, Samways MJ, Smart J, Stein BA, Stuart SN. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 2010; 330:1503-9. [PMID: 20978281 DOI: 10.1126/science.1194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
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Wallace BP, Lewison RL, McDonald SL, McDonald RK, Kot CY, Kelez S, Bjorkland RK, Finkbeiner EM, Helmbrecht S, Crowder LB. Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch. Conserv Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lewison RL, Soykan CU, Franklin J. Mapping the bycatch seascape: multispecies and multi-scale spatial patterns of fisheries bycatch. Ecol Appl 2009; 19:920-930. [PMID: 19544734 DOI: 10.1890/08-0623.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries bycatch is a worldwide conservation issue. Despite a growing awareness of bycatch problems in particular ocean regions, there have been few efforts to identify spatial patterns in bycatch events. Furthermore, many studies of fisheries bycatch have been myopic, focusing on a single species or a single region. Using a range of analytical approaches to identify spatial patterns in bycatch data, we demonstrate the utility and applications of area and point pattern analyses to single and multispecies bycatch seascapes of pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. We find clear evidence of spatial clustering within bycatch species in both ocean basins, both in terms of the underlying pattern of the locations of bycatch events relative to fishing locations and for areas of high bycatch rates. Furthermore, we find significant spatial overlap in the pattern of bycatch across species relative to the spatial distribution in fishing effort and target catch. These results point to the importance of considering spatial patterns of both single and multispecies bycatch to meet the ultimate goal of reducing bycatch encounters. These analyses also highlight the importance of considering bycatch relative to target catch as a way of identifying areas where fishing effort reduction may help to reduce multispecies bycatch with minimal impact on target catch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Lewison
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-4614, USA.
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Wallace BP, Heppell SS, Lewison RL, Kelez S, Crowder LB. Impacts of fisheries bycatch on loggerhead turtles worldwide inferred from reproductive value analyses. J Appl Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Soykan CU, Moore JE, Zydelis R, Crowder LB, Safina C, Lewison RL. Why study bycatch? An introduction to the Theme Section on fisheries bycatch. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cox TM, Lewison RL, Zydelis R, Crowder LB, Safina C, Read AJ. Comparing effectiveness of experimental and implemented bycatch reduction measures: the ideal and the real. Conserv Biol 2007; 21:1155-64. [PMID: 17883481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fishers, scientists, and resource managers have made substantial progress in reducing bycatch of sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals through physical modifications to fishing gear. Many bycatch-avoidance measures have been developed and tested successfully in controlled experiments, which have led to regulated implementation of modified or new fishing gear. Nevertheless, successful bycatch experiments may not translate to effective mitigation in commercial fisheries because experimental conditions are relaxed in commercial fishing operations. Such a difference between experimental results and real-world results with fishing fleets may have serious consequences for management and conservation of protected species taken as bycatch. We evaluated preimplementation experimental measures and postimplementation efficacy from primary and gray literature for three case studies: acoustic pingers that warn marine mammals of the presence of gill nets, turtle excluder devices that reduce bycatch of turtles in trawls, and various measures to reduce seabird bycatch in longlines. Three common themes to successful implementation of bycatch reduction measures are long-standing collaborations among the fishing industry, scientists, and resource managers; pre- and postimplementation monitoring; and compliance via enforcement and incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cox
- Duke Center for Marine Conservation, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516-9721, USA.
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Abstract
Although some sea turtle populations are showing encouraging signs of recovery, others continue to decline. Reversing population declines requires an understanding of the primary factor(s) that underlie this persistent demographic trend. The list of putative factors includes direct turtle and egg harvest, egg predation, loss or degradation of nesting beach habitat, fisheries bycatch, pollution, and large-scale changes in oceanographic conditions and nutrient availability. Recently, fisheries bycatch, in particular bycatch from longline fisheries, has received increased attention and has been proposed as a primary source of turtle mortality. We reviewed the existing data on the relative impact of longline bycatch on sea turtle populations. Although bycatch rates from individual longline vessels are extremely low, the amount of gear deployed by longline vessels suggests that cumulative bycatch of turtles from older age classes is substantial. Current estimates suggest that even if pelagic longlines are not the largest single source of fisheries-related mortality, longline bycatch is high enough to warrant management actions in all fleets that encounter sea turtles. Nevertheless, preliminary data also suggest that bycatch from gillnets and trawl fisheries is equally high or higher than longline bycatch with far higher mortality rates. Until gillnet and trawl fisheries are subject to the same level of scrutiny given to pelagic longlines, our understanding of the overall impact of fisheries bycatch on vulnerable sea turtle populations will be incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Lewison
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Lewison RL, Freeman SA, Crowder LB. Quantifying the effects of fisheries on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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